USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) 

Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5083

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover. Shark River Slough from the Shark Valley observation tower. Photograph courtesy of 

G. DeFalco, National Park Service.
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network 

(EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, 

Version 3

By Saira Haider, Eric Swain, James Beerens, Matthew Petkewich, 

Bryan McCloskey, and Heather Henkel

USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5083

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

James F. Reilly II, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2020

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Suggested citation:

Haider, S., Swain, E., Beerens, J., Petkewich, M., McCloskey, B., and Henkel, H., 2020, The Everglades Depth 

Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water interpolation model, version 3: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2020–5083, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205083.

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)
iii

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Donna George, Gretchen Ehlinger, and Angela Dunn at the U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers for their continued support of the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) and 

its ongoing advancements.

The authors would like to remember and honor the late Paul Conrads of the U.S. Geological 

Survey, who provided invaluable support and innovations to the EDEN project for many years. 

U.S. Geological Survey colleagues Leonard Pearlstine and Jeremy Decker provided substantive 

reviews of an early draft of this report.

v

Contents

Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................................iii

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2

Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................4

Approach.........................................................................................................................................................4

Changes in Field Gages and Conditions ............................................................................................7

Radial Basis Function Interpolation in the EDEN V3 Model ..........................................................7

Representation of Groundwater Levels ............................................................................................9

Results ...........................................................................................................................................................11

Accuracy Assessment of EDEN V3 Model and Comparison to V2 .............................................11

Validation for Accuracy Assessment With Benchmarks (Field Data) ..............................11

Consistency Between EDEN V3 and V2 Models ...................................................................11

Considerations in Comparison of V3 and V2 .........................................................................16

Representing Groundwater Levels ..................................................................................................16

Summary and Conclusions .........................................................................................................................18

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................18

Appendix 1.....................................................................................................................................................21

Figures

1. Map showing Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) model domain, 

management regions, and location of EDEN water-level gaging stations used in 

the EDEN surface-water model, version 3 ...............................................................................3

2. Map showing vegetation of southern Florida circa 1943 and the Everglades 

Depth Estimation Network model domain ................................................................................5

3. Maps of the Everglades showing flow directions before drainage and after 

drainage and compartmentalization ..........................................................................................6

4. Map showing eight subdomains used in the Everglades Depth Estimation 

Network version 3 model .............................................................................................................8

5. Map of the border between NPS and L67ext subdomains showing decreasing 

influence of the L67 canal extension with decreasing latitude ..........................................10

6. Map showing water-level surface on July 20, 2019, from the Everglades Depth 

Estimation Network surface-water interpolation model, version 3 ...................................12

7. Map showing locations of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection 

and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers elevation benchmarks in the Everglades 

Depth Estimation Network model domain ..............................................................................13

8. Map showing root mean square difference between water surfaces 

interpolated by the Everglades Depth Estimation Network version 2 and 

version 3 models from April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018 ........................................................14

9. Map showing standard deviation between water surfaces interpolated by the 

Everglades Depth Estimation Network version 2 and version 3 models from 

April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018 ................................................................................................15

10. Maps showing comparison of water levels in Water Conservation Areas 2A 

and 2B on May 15, 2009, using the Everglades Depth Estimation Network 

version 3 model ...........................................................................................................................17
vi

Tables

1. Radial basis function parameter values for the Everglades Depth Estimation 

Network version 3 and version 2 models ..................................................................................9

1.1 Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network surfacewater model versions 2 and 3 including pseudogages used for interpolation 

that do not exist on the ground.................................................................................................22

Conversion Factors

U.S. customary units to International System of Units

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

acre 0.4047 square hectometer (hm2)

acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2)

square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Datum

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.
vii

Abbreviations

BCNP Big Cypress National Preserve

CERP Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan

EDEN Everglades Depth Estimation Network

ENP Everglades National Park

EVE Explore and View EDEN

PW Pennsuco Wetlands [model subdomain]

RBF radial basis function

RECOVER REstoration COordination and VERification

RMSD root mean square difference

RMSE root mean square error

SD standard deviation

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

V1 version 1

V2 version 2

V3 version 3

WCA water conservation area

The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) 

Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

By Saira Haider,1 Eric Swain,1 James Beerens,1 Matthew Petkewich,1 Bryan McCloskey,2

and Heather Henkel1

Abstract

The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an 

integrated network of water-level gages, interpolation models 

that estimate daily water-level data at ungaged locations, and 

applications that generate derived hydrologic data across the 

freshwater part of the Greater Everglades landscape. Version 3 

(V3) of the EDEN interpolation surface-water model is the 

most recent update, replacing the version 2 (V2) model 

released in 2011.

The primary revision for the V3 model is the switch 

to the R programming language to create a more efficient 

and portable EDEN code relative to V2, without reliance on 

proprietary software. Using R, the interpolation script runs 

over 10 times faster and is more easily updated, for example, 

to accommodate changes in the gage network or to incorporate R software updates. Additional revisions made for the 

V3 model include updates to the interpolation model, the 

gage network, and groundwater-level estimations. The EDEN 

model domain in the Greater Everglades and Big Cypress 

National Preserve is divided into subdomains that are based 

on hydrologic boundaries. In the V3 model, the number of 

subdomains was increased from five to eight, which allows 

hydrologic boundaries, such as levees and canals, to be better 

represented in the interpolation scheme. Five pseudogages 

were added to constrain the water-level surface at subdomain 

boundaries. Changes made to the water-level gage network between the implementation of the V2 and V3 models 

are incorporated, and groundwater-level estimations are 

added, which are important information for hydrologic and 

ecological studies.

Summary model performance statistics indicate similar accuracy in water-level surfaces generated by the V3 

and V2 models, with a root mean square error of 4.78 centimeters for both interpolation models against independent 

water-level measurements. Providing stability and continuity 

for the EDEN user community, the V3 model closely replicates the V2 model, with a root mean square difference of 

3.87 centimeters for interpolated surfaces from April 1, 2014, 

1U.S. Geological Survey.

2Cherokee Nations Technologies, contractor to U.S. Geological Survey.

to March 31, 2018. The additional groundwater levels provide 

a realistic estimate of the saturated groundwater surface continuous with the surface-water surface for Water Conservation 

Areas 2A and 2B from 2000 to 2011. This continuous surface 

is a more accurate estimation of the spatial distribution of 

water in the hydrologic system than before, providing needed 

information for ecological studies in areas where depth to 

water table affects habitats. Development of the EDEN V3 

model advances the tools available to scientists and resource 

managers for guiding large-scale field operations, describing hydrologic changes, and supporting biological and 

ecological assessments.

Introduction

The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is 

a resource that integrates real-time water-level data from a 

network of gages with interpolation models and generates 

daily water-level surfaces and derived hydrologic data across 

the freshwater part of the Greater Everglades landscape and 

Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP). Scientists, decisionmakers, and managers use EDEN to help monitor and assess 

Greater Everglades restoration and conduct research. The 

primary purpose of EDEN is to provide consistent, documented, and readily available hydrologic and ground-elevation 

data for the Everglades (Telis, 2006), and it includes additional 

datasets and tools, including rainfall and evapotranspiration 

data, hindcast datasets, benchmark data, ecological applications, statistical analyses, and data visualization tools (Patino 

and others, 2018).

The Greater Everglades, which encompasses the majority 

of the Florida peninsula south of Lake Okeechobee (fig. 1), 

has been greatly altered from its original state over the last 

century. It has been channelized, leveed, and drained to meet 

water-supply and flood-control requirements for the expanding 

urban and agricultural areas of southern Florida. Beginning in 

the 1990s, a concerted effort to restore the Everglades was initiated, leading to the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration 

Plan (CERP; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1999). The 
2 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

objective of CERP is to recreate more natural conditions and 

restore the diverse and abundant flora and fauna of the previously undisturbed wetlands.

The REstoration COordination and VERification 

(RECOVER) program is a component of CERP that links 

science to decision making and uses scientific methods and 

monitoring to evaluate and assess CERP’s performance, 

refine and improve CERP with new data, and ensure that an 

ecosystem-wide perspective is maintained throughout the restoration process (RECOVER Leadership Group, 2012). Since 

2006, EDEN is one tool that RECOVER has supported collaboratively with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Greater 

Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Program.

Water levels in the water conservations areas (WCAs), 

Everglades National Park (ENP), and BCNP are reported 

daily, and the EDEN interpolation model generates a continuous water-level surface from this collected field data. While 

these interpolations of the water-level surface are one of 

the primary EDEN products, EDEN includes other data and 

applications commonly used by the Everglades restoration 

community. The Explore and View EDEN (EVE) application 

(https://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/eve/) allows users to view and 

download water-level, rainfall, and potential evapotranspiration data at EDEN gages in graphical or tabular formats. 

The EDEN Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Viewer application 

(https://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/csss/) was developed to evaluate water depths and other important metrics in Ammospiza 

maritima mirabilis (Cape Sable seaside sparrow) habitats on 

a historical and real-time basis. The coastal salinity index 

indicates potential drought conditions and is based on statistics computed for salinity measured at coastal stations. This 

index can be viewed along with other real-time environmental 

parameters and statistics in the Coastal EDEN web application 

(https://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/coastal/). Water-level conditions 

across ENP, WCA 3A, and WCA 3B, along with potential 

inundation conditions at gages and tree islands in these areas, 

can be monitored on the Everglades Restoration Transition 

Plan water-level alert map (https://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/ertp/). 

The applications and maps are all accessible on the EDEN 

web page (https://sofia.usgs.gov/eden/).

The original version of the EDEN surface-water interpolation model, version 1 (V1), was developed by Pearlstine 

and others (2007). This was the first functional version to use 

radial-basis functions to interpolate continuous water-level 

surfaces from discrete field-site data. There were 249 stations 

included in the EDEN V1 model, and the geostatistical 

analysis tool in Esri’s ArcGIS 9.1 (Esri, 2005) was used to 

implement the radial-basis function calculation. This method 

was continued in the version 2 (V2) model with Esri’s ArcPy 

in ArcGIS 9.3 (Esri, 2008) and involved an expansion of 

the EDEN model domain to include an additional portion of 

southern BCNP and northwestern ENP upstream of the marsh 

and mangrove wetlands. To better define discontinuous waterlevel surfaces across levees and other hydrologic boundaries, 

the model domain was divided into five subareas to incorporate subdomain models (Telis and others, 2015). Changes in 

the water-level gage network were also incorporated in the V2 

model, and a model-error analysis was performed using waterlevel data at elevation benchmarks.

Making the EDEN V2 interpolation model more 

efficient, accessible, and nonproprietary has been a priority. 

These issues have been addressed in the EDEN version 3 

(V3) model because of advances in open-source software 

and web-compatible codes. The R programming language is 

a free and open-source software environment for statistical 

computing and graphics (Gentleman and Ihaka, 1997) that can 

perform the interpolations and other tasks required to produce 

EDEN water-level surfaces. Switching to the R programming platform improves the interpolation model workflow by 

(1) increasing processing speed, (2) simplifying updates to the 

model scripts to accommodate changes in the gage network, 

(3) decentralizing the computational platform, and (4) easing 

the process of ensuring compatibility with new versions of 

the programming software because of the transparency and 

backward compatibility of the R platform. The R-based V3 

of the EDEN interpolation model is faster than the V2 model 

because of increased computational efficiency. The EDEN V3 

model is more easily transferred between computational platforms because R, unlike ArcPy, can be easily installed on Mac 

OS and Linux, requires little overhead, does not require a paid 

license, and requires a minimal list of system requirements.

As was the case with the advancement from the V1 to 

V2 model, changes to the water-level gage network have 

occurred since the development of the V2 model and must 

be incorporated into the computation of the daily water-level 

surfaces. In addition, recent efforts to estimate groundwater 

levels when the wetland surface is dry have been implemented in response to the needs and requests of the ecological 

research community.

The advancements to the full set of EDEN tools since 

the implementation of V2 have improved its ability to provide consistent, documented, and readily available hydrologic and ground-elevation data for the Everglades. The 

V3 model is the latest EDEN development to support the 

hydrologic research and management community with the 

crucial data and analysis needed for Everglades restoration. 

The R package for the EDEN V3 interpolation model can be 

found online at https://code.usgs.gov/water/eden (Haider and 

McCloskey, 2020).

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to document the EDEN 

V3 model that estimates daily water-level surfaces for the 

freshwater part of the Greater Everglades and BCNP through 

interpolation of discrete water-level measurements (fig. 1); 

the report also summarizes model performance statistics. The 

differences between the V3 model and previous EDEN interpolation models are explained. The use of the R programming 

language to create more efficient and portable model code and 

the incorporation of additional groundwater-level representations are described, along with changes in the water-level 

gage network.
Introduction 3

ATLANTIC OCEAN

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Tamiami Canal

I-75 Canal

Henderson

Creek

Miami Canal

North New

River Canal

Hillsboro Canal

South New River Canal

extension

Dade-Broward Levee

L-67

Florida Bay

Lake 

Okeechobee

81°30' 81° 80°30' 80°

26°30'

26°

25°30'

25°

BIG CYPRESS 

NATIONAL 

PRESERVE

WCA 3B

WCA 1

WCA 2A

EVERGLADES

NATIONAL

PARK

WCA 3A

PW

WCA 2B

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

Map

area

GULF OF MEXICO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

FLORIDA

ALABAMA GEORGIA

Water-level gaging stations and 

 index numbers

EXPLANATION

Big Cypress National Preserve

Everglades National Park

South Florida Water 

 Management District

U.S. Geological Survey

Pseudogage

Greater Everglades boundary

EDEN model domain

Water conservation area

Pennsuco Wetlands

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

WCA 1 Management region

WCA

PW

25

46

95

160

250

Figure 1. Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) model domain, management regions, and location of EDEN 

water-level gaging stations used in the EDEN surface-water model, version 3. Index numbers refer to gages listed in 

appendix 1, which includes descriptive data and site information for each gage.
4 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

An important part of the USGS mission is to provide 

scientific information for the effective management of the 

Nation’s water resources. The EDEN V3 model is optimized to help researchers and resource managers better 

understand complex natural systems and, therefore, better manage the resources of these systems. The approach 

can readily be applied to other natural systems to support 

ecosystem restoration.

Description of Study Area

The study area includes parts of BCNP and ENP, all of 

WCAs 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B, and the Pennsuco Wetlands 

west of the Dade-Broward Levee (fig. 1). The EDEN 

V3 model domain includes a large part of the freshwater 

Everglades, which is a large wetland area overlying a broad 

platform of porous limestone that gently slopes from the 

southern end of Lake Okeechobee to Florida Bay. The land 

surface has a low gradient, with a slope averaging 1 inch 

per mile, and the main portion of the Everglades is a broad, 

swale-like channel that is 50 miles wide.

The predevelopment landscape of the Everglades was 

dominated by sawgrass plains in the northern region and by 

ridge and slough landscape in the central and southern regions 

(fig. 2; Davis, 1943). Beginning in the Kissimmee Valley, 

extending through Lake Okeechobee and ending at the southern 

end of the Florida peninsula, the predrainage Everglades were 

inundated by a slow flowing and shallow sheet of water for 

most of the year (fig. 3A). The landscape pattern of tree island 

ridges and interconnecting sloughs combined with the dynamic 

hydrologic processes, including water storage and sheetflow, 

created diverse vegetation communities and habitats for native 

flora and fauna (Fling and others, 2004).

The first Congressional action that initiated draining 

the Everglades was the Swamp Land Act of 1850, which 

authorized the transfer of 200 million acres of Federal land 

to the State of Florida for conversion to farmland. Canals 

were used to drain water from the wetlands quickly and 

directly to the ocean. In 1948, following a devastating 

hurricane, the Central and Southern Florida Project created 

a compartmentalized Everglades consisting of a regulated 

system of WCAs with adjacent nationally protected lands 

(fig. 3B). The WCAs (fig. 1), completed in the 1960s, serve to 

modulate variations in hydrologic patterns, help recharge the 

region’s principal drinking-water aquifer, and protect against 

saltwater intrusion along the coast. Water levels in the WCAs 

and ENP are managed through water regulation schedules that 

dictate water levels within the WCAs on the basis of current 

conditions, time of year, and minimum flow requirements. 

Ongoing efforts to restore the Everglades to more historic 

conditions involve decompartmentalizing the WCAs and creating more continuous flowways.

ENP was dedicated in 1947 primarily to preserve 

the unique flora and fauna of the area and to protect the 

primitive, undeveloped natural conditions of the Everglades. 

Encompassing about 2,200 square miles and consisting of 

freshwater sloughs, sawgrass marshes, wet prairies, pine and 

mangrove forests, and saline tidal flats, ENP has extremely 

low and flat topography with land-surface elevations ranging from 0 feet (ft) above the North American Vertical Datum 

of 1988 (NAVD 88) along the coastlines of Florida Bay 

and the Gulf of Mexico to 6 ft above NAVD 88 in parts of 

the interior.

BCNP was established in 1974 to preserve the distinctive 

natural areas that drain into Florida’s southwest coastal 

fisheries and to provide habitat for several endangered flora 

and fauna, including Felis concolor coryi (Florida panther). 

Although the BCNP receives some surface-water inflow from 

the north, it is primarily a rain-driven watershed that flows in 

a southwesterly direction to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico 

(Sobczak and others, 2011).

Approach

The EDEN interpolation model integrates discrete 

field-gage data into a continuous representation of the 

water-level surface. Radial basis functions (RBFs) calculate smooth surfaces from a large number of data points and 

produce accurate results for gently sloping surfaces, such 

as low-gradient land surfaces or water-level surfaces. If 

abrupt changes in water-level surfaces are present (ArcGIS 

Resources, 2013), such as those along canal boundaries at 

the margins of the WCAs, the technique is not appropriate. Palaseanu and Pearlstine (2008) developed the initial 

interpolation method for generating the EDEN daily waterlevel surfaces for the V1 model by using the RBF multiquadric 

method in subdomains. This method is retained in the V2 and 

V3 models and has proven reasonable and robust. Although 

the EDEN platform has been modified to rely on R code, 

we continue to use the RBF method so that continuity in 

methodology is maintained and because it continues to be the 

most appropriate interpolation method for the type of data 

and system.

The conversion of the EDEN surface-water interpolation 

model to the R programming platform has the following 

advantages: (1) updates are pushed to R regularly; (2) version 

tracking and distributed repositories can be used; (3) backward 

compatibility is generally maintained; (4) older versions of 

R and its statistical packages can be kept and used without 

security concerns (unlike Esri software); and (5) updates to R 

minimally change the RBF interpolation script, if at all. The 

R Core Team (2018) discloses and describes all updates to the 

base language in a fully transparent manner, and any changes 

to contributed packages such as geospt (which contains the 

RBF functionality) are similarly documented. In addition, 

R is an open-source environment, so the details of the RBF 

calculations used to create the water-surface interpolation are 

available to the public. This is not the case with the proprietary 

tools used in the EDEN V2 model.
Approach 5

LAKE 

OKEECHOBEE

Lake

Istokpoga

Naples

Ten Thousand Islands

F l o r i d a

B a y

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

40 MILES

40 KILOMETERS

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey State base, 1933

Originally printed 1943, 1:400,000

Cape Sable

Cape Romano

Miami

Fort

Lauderdale

Palm

Beach

Biscayne

Bay

A

T

L

A

N

T I C

O

C

E

A

N

G U L

F

O

F

M

E

X

I

C

O

EXPLANATION

General vegetation

EDEN model domain boundary

Scrub forest

Hammock

 forest

Bay tree forest

Inland swamp

Cypress forest

Cypress heads

 or domes

Pine flatwood

 forest

High pine forest

Miami Rockland

 pine forest

Miami open

 pine forest

Mangrove

 swamp

Mangrove swamp 

 and saltwater 

 marsh

Saltwater marsh

Salt Prairie

 (Cape Sable area)

Freshwater marsh

 (outside of E.)

Wet prairies

Saw palmetto

 or dry prairies

Southern coast

 marsh prairie

Coastal beach

 and dune

 vegetation 

Sawgrass marsh

 (medium dense

 to sparse) 

Sawgrass marsh

 (with wax-myrtle

 thickets) 

Sawgrass marsh

 (dense) 

Willow and

 elderberry zone

 (mostly cultivated) 

Custard-apple zone

 (mostly cultivated)

Sawgrass marsh (with 

 abundant ferns and cattails) 

Tree island, bay tree forest

Tree island, hammock forest

Marsh prairie, southern E.

Slough, pond, and lake

 (with aquatic plants)

Main Everglades (E.) vegetation

FLORIDA

Map

area

N

Figure 2. Vegetation of southern Florida circa 1943 (modified from Davis, 1943) and the Everglades Depth Estimation 

Network (EDEN) model domain.
6 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

EXPLANATION

Canal (map B)

BCNP

ENP

WCA

Big Cypress National Preserve

Everglades National Park

Water conservation area

Lower volume flows

Higher volume flows

WCA 1

WCA

2A

WCA

2B

WCA

3A WCA 3B

BCNP

ENP

A B

N N

LAKE

OKEECHOBEE

LAKE

OKEECHOBEE

Figure 3. Maps of the Everglades showing flow directions, A, before drainage, B, after drainage and compartmentalization. Map 

images courtesy of the South Florida Water Management District. 

Another major advantage of using the R language for 

the EDEN V3 interpolation model is that it performs more 

than 10 times faster than the interpolation in the V2 model. 

Interpolating a single quarter (about 90 days) with the V2 

model on a dedicated server takes approximately 150 minutes, 

whereas the V3 model using the R platform takes approximately 12 minutes. Even on an ordinary desktop, the V3 

model requires considerably less computational power and 

runs in approximately 25 minutes. In addition, the R scripts 

used to run the interpolation can be more easily revised to 

accommodate changes and updates in the gage network. In 

the V2 model, the names of older gages and decommissioned 

gages were explicitly hard coded into the scripts. Hard coded 

gage names were removed in the V3 model, and the new 

scripts will more easily incorporate any such changes automatically by being tied directly to the EDEN gage database, which 

accommodates such changes in real time. Finally, the R scripts 

used to run the V3 model can run on any machine that meets 
Approach 7

minimal requirements (for example, has R software and a 

network connection), allowing the model to be run in multiple 

locations and not be tied to individual users or servers.

Further, the R scripting environment allows for 

streamlining much of the EDEN workflow into a consolidated 

set of scripts that can be distributed widely to team members 

to complete these tasks on an as-needed basis. The workflow includes (1) retrieving and collating gage data from 

cooperator agencies and preparing data for review by USGS 

staff; (2) retrieving reviewed data, generating data flags, and 

uploading into the EDEN database; (3) preparing input data 

and running the EDEN V3 model; (4) packaging and posting 

the model data; and (5) generating and posting all related data 

products. Whereas before these tasks involved a large suite of 

software tools, much of it is now handled by the new R scripts.

As the RBF method is not appropriate for situations when 

high water-level gradients are present over short distances, 

the V3 model domain was divided into eight subdomains 

separated by water-level discontinuities caused by the major 

levee system that divides and controls the wetlands and 

conservation areas.

Development of the EDEN V3 interpolation model 

involved two substantial formulation changes made after the 

release of the V2 interpolation model:

1. New R scripts were added that access daily water-level 

data and output the interpolated water stage and depth.

2. Methods to estimate gage values were revised to 

increase the accuracy of groundwater values in the 

interpolation surface.

Changes in Field Gages and Conditions

Daily water-level surface data are reported in EDEN 

back to 1991 by means of gage data hindcasting with artificial 

neural networks (Conrads and Roehl, 2007). Over the years, 

new gages have been installed in the study area and some 

older gages have been removed. These changes have the 

potential to affect the computed water-level surface beyond 

those effects localized at the gage. For example, missing data 

from gages are estimated using data from selected highly 

correlated nearby gages (Conrads and Petkewich, 2009). If 

a gage is discontinued, it affects the record of other gages 

using it for estimating a missing record. A new gage added 

to the network might similarly change the way missing 

data for existing gages are estimated. These effects require 

reassignment of missing record gages whenever changes 

in the system occur. Interpolated stage surfaces are delivered quarterly to users via the EDEN website. To minimize 

confusion in maintaining a list of input gages to the model 

and to provide a level of consistency across calendar quarters, the standard practice is to estimate any newly added 

or removed gages forward or backward to the end of the 

relevant quarter so that a single set of input gages is used for 

the entirety of any surface produced quarterly. The EDEN 

database maintains a master list that specifies which gages 

are used each quarter within the period of record to document 

changes in the model and to allow for any surface recalculations in the future.

Radial Basis Function Interpolation in the 

EDEN V3 Model

The EDEN V3 model was developed in the R language 

(R Core Team, 2018) using the packages rgdal (Bivand 

and others, 2018), geoR (Ribeiro and Diggle, 2016), raster 

(Hijmans, 2017), and geospt (Melo and others, 2012) to interpolate the water surface. As of July 2019, 220 gages are used 

in the V3 model to run the RBF interpolation for the eight 

subdomains (figs. 1 and 4; appendix 1, table 1.1). We tested 

values for the RBF parameters to best estimate water surfaces 

and to try to maintain consistency with V2 model water surfaces, a priority for the user community (table 1).

The RBF anisotropic parameters and associated values 

in the V3 model are an angle of 350° and an ellipsoid axes 

ratio of 31/30. The V3 model specifies eight nearest neighbor 

gages to be drawn from the search neighborhood, and they 

can be in any direction from a given gage but must be within 

the same subdomain. The only exception is in the Pennsuco 

Wetlands (hereafter, “PW”) subdomain, which contains fewer 

than eight gages; it is programmed to use as many gages as 

are available. To account for the flow boundaries caused by 

canals and levees, V3 interpolates water surfaces separately 

for the eight subdomains, the borders of which are determined by the locations of water control features (as canals) 

that impede flow (fig. 3B). The eight subdomains are WCA1, 

WCA2A, WCA2B, WCA3A, WCA3B, PW, a combined 

subdomain that includes BCNP and ENP (hereafter referred 

to as “NPS”), and a subdomain called “L67ext,” which is the 

region south of WCA3B and east of the L67 canal extension (figs. 1, 4, and 5). The L67ext is a special case, because 

the canal’s influence on the water surface decreases with 

decreasing latitude. The difference in water-level surface 

between the NPS and L67ext subdomains decreases toward 

the south (fig. 5), and the V3 model estimates this change 

by using southern gages along either side of the L67 canal 

extension for both the NPS and L67ext subdomains, but 

not northern gages. This method works well to match the 

subdomain surfaces at the southern border of the L67 canal 

extension, and no bias adjustment is used to match the 

two subdomains.

Differences in the V3 model relative to the V2 model 

are small but include using a different approach for the search 

neighborhood, with absolute nearest neighbors rather than 

an 8-sector search neighborhood. The methodology was 

changed, because the RBF in the geospt R package does not 

contain functionality for multisectored search neighborhoods. 

Additionally, the V2 model has five subdomains instead of 

eight. Further details can be found in the EDEN V2 model 

report (Telis and others, 2015).
8 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

WCA1

WCA2A

WCA2B

WCA3A

WCA3B

PW

NPS

Lake 

Okeechobee

ATLANTIC OCEAN

GULF OF MEXICO

Florida Bay

81°30' 81° 80°30' 80°

26°30'

26°

25°30'

L67ext

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N EDEN V3 model subdomain

EXPLANATION

WCA 1

Map

area

GULF OF MEXICO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

FLORIDA

ALABAMA GEORGIA

Figure 4. Eight subdomains used in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) version 3 model.
Approach 9

Three pseudogages (index numbers 249–251) were 

retained from the V2 model, all of which are used in the NPS 

surface interpolation. One pseudogage uses the value of gage 

S12D_T (index number 161), and the other two each use an 

average of two nearby gages (NP202 and NESRS1, index 

numbers 116 and 109, respectively; BCA19 and MO-214, 

index numbers 31 and 104, respectively); the former of these 

two averages is also used in the L67ext subdomain. For the 

V3 model, five additional pseudogages were created on subdomain borders. These pseudogages act to constrain the water 

surface in areas where levees and canals impede surface flow. 

The locations were selected during the V3 model development 

stage to maintain consistency with surfaces from the V2 model 

(fig. 1). One pseudogage is located on the border between 

WCA1 and WCA2A (index number 244, fig. 1) and has the 

same water stage value as gage S10D_T (index number 147). 

Four pseudogages are located on the border between WCA3A 

and WCA3B (index numbers 245–248). The water stage 

values for these pseudogages were calculated from a linear 

interpolation of the values for gages S151_H and S333_H 

(index numbers 176 and 181, respectively).

To determine the kernel parameters for the RBF in the V3 

model, we used the geospt function graph.rbf() to find the optimal parameter values by minimizing the root mean square prediction error. The graph.rbf() function returned a value of 0 as 

the optimal value for both kernel parameters, eta (the smoothing 

parameter) and rho (the robustness parameter). We also wanted 

to determine which parameters’ values would result in surfaces 

similar to those produced by the V2 model, so about 150 simulations were run, testing combinations of the two geospt RBF 

parameters over ranges from 0 to 50. Experimentation demonstrated a positive relation between kernel parameter values and 

the amount of deviation from the V2 model surfaces.

Representation of Groundwater Levels

Most EDEN gages are surface-water sites (table 1.1) that 

contain a stilling well equipped with a float and shaft encoder 

to measure water-level data. During the dry season, the float 

may settle on mud or peat when the water level drops below 

land surface. EDEN also includes groundwater wells that allow 

water-level measurement below land surface. The number of 

groundwater sites in EDEN is relatively small compared to 

the total number of sites in the network, and the groundwater 

sites are generally confined to the L67ext and PW subdomains. 

Some of the surface-water gages are constructed in topographic 

depressions so that they can measure water levels lower than the 

average land surface surrounding the gage, but all gages have 

a minimum stage that can be measured, which is the bottom of 

the well. The number of gages available to measure dry-season 

conditions decreases substantially as the water level in an area 

drops near or below land surface. Groundwater levels, however, 

are relevant to several biological assessment techniques, and 

EDEN water-level data are an essential part of such research 

(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010; Sokol and others, 2013; 

Beerens and others, 2016; Botson and others, 2016).

With the V2 model, a method was developed for estimating groundwater surfaces starting with the dry season in 2012. 

These groundwater estimation methods are briefly described 

here but are provided in more detail in V2 model documentation (Conrads and Petkewich, 2009; Petkewich and Conrads, 

2013; Telis and others, 2015; Petkewich and others, 2016). 

For surfaces generated before 2012, the V2 model represented 

water-level surfaces when the surface was wet but represented 

gage minimum measurement levels when the surface was dry. 

When data for a gage were missing or flat (that is, at a constant 

value near the land-surface elevation or when the water level 

dropped below the water-level sensor), the estimated water 

level at that gage was set to 0.01 ft below the last measured 

value. Starting with the 2012 surfaces, the V2 model performed 

an analysis to represent dry-season groundwater conditions. 

For the V3 model, we have extended this time period back 

to 2000 and calculated groundwater dry-season estimates for 

water-level gages from 2000 to 2011 for WCA2A and WCA2B 

by replicating the V2 methods used to estimate groundwater 

from 2012 to the present. This new representation has been 

applied only to these two regions, and an expanded analysis 

covering the full EDEN model domain would be useful.

Table 1. Radial basis function (RBF) parameter values for the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) version 3 (V3) and 

version 2 (V2) models.

RBF parameters V2 model V3 model

Kernel function Multiquadric Multiquadric

Kernel parameter(s) 16.77 0

Maximum neighbors 1 8

Minimum neighbors 11 18

Sector type 8 sector Not applicable

Angle 350° 350°

Major semiaxis 31,000 31 (uses ratio only)

Minor semiaxis 30,000 30 (uses ratio only)

1Except in the case of the Pennsuco Wetlands subdomain, which contains fewer than eight gages. In this case, the interpolation uses as many gages as are 

available.
10 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

Map 

area

EDEN model domain

L-29 L-29 L-67 EXT L-67A

L-67C

80°44' 80°41' 80°40' 80°38'

25°46'

25°44'

25°41'

25°40'

25°38'

218 centimeters

204 centimeters

179 centimeters

180 centimeters

180 centimeters

179 centimeters

L67EXT

NPS

WCA3A WCA3B

0 1 2 MILES

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

November 12, 2015, water-level 

 elevation, in centimeters 

 above NAVD 88

−5 to 43

44 to 90

91 to 138

139 to 186

187 to 233

234 to 281

282 to 328

329 to 376

377 to 424

425 to 471

Canal

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

North American Vertical Datum of 1988

EXPLANATION

NPS EDEN V3 model subdomain

Figure 5. Map of the border between NPS and L67ext subdomains showing decreasing influence of the L67 canal 

extension with decreasing latitude. Example water-level surface is shown for November 12, 2015. Callout boxes indicate 

the water level of Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) cells located on either side of the canal.
Results 11

To estimate groundwater levels during the dry season, 

data from wells previously not used in the EDEN period of 

record from 2000 to 2011 were retrieved from USGS and 

South Florida Water Management District agency databases. 

For gages with missing or flat records, groundwater was 

estimated using nearby wells or gages that have water-level 

recording equipment located in topographic depressions. A 

correlation analysis was performed to determine the highest 

correlated five sites for each gage of interest. This search was 

initially confined to sites within the same compartmentalized 

region (for example, WCA3A, PW); however, if the number 

of gages was inadequate, the subdomain requirement was not 

enforced. The correlation analysis used all years in the full 

period of record for all sites but restricted the data to March, 

April, and May of each year. Correlations from the late dry 

season provided a selection of gages that best matched the 

dry-season recession observed for the gage of interest. Once 

the five best correlated sites were determined, simple linear 

regression models were developed to estimate groundwater 

for gages that went dry during the dry season (Petkewich and 

others, 2016). The only difference in methodology between 

the V3 and V2 models is the restriction of only using late 

dry-season months in the correlation analysis.

After surfaces with groundwater levels for 2000–2011 were 

developed for WCA2A and WCA2B, we evaluated the estimates 

to ensure that the resultant hydraulic gradients were appropriate. 

The development of this groundwater-level estimation scheme 

for each gage is an extensive process, but it would be useful to 

apply this process to the whole EDEN footprint.

Results

The EDEN V3 surface-water interpolations, such as 

the one shown in figure 6, have been released on the EDEN 

website since the third quarter of 2019. Daily production 

of water-level and depth maps continues, and the data are 

available for ecological applications and studies.

Accuracy Assessment of EDEN V3 Model and 

Comparison to V2

For validation and accuracy assessment of the V3 

model surfaces, we used a set of independently collected 

field data measurements. As a comparison, we used this 

same independent data to assess the V2 model results. For 

a second assessment of V3 surfaces, interpolated surfaces 

were compared to measure consistency between V2 and V3 

water-level surfaces. We desired continuity between the V2 

and V3 interpolated water levels to allow researchers to use 

the V3 model surfaces without concern that earlier results 

would need modification.

Validation for Accuracy Assessment With 

Benchmarks (Field Data)

A set of 284 independent field data measurements were 

used to validate the V3 model results. These are the same 

independent data used to validate the V2 model (Telis and 

others, 2015). These data were collected from April 2007 to 

September 2011 throughout the EDEN model domain but 

are primarily from WCA3A. All measurements were referenced from the 31 Florida Department of Environmental 

Protection and 38 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers elevation 

benchmarks (fig. 7; Telis and others, 2015). We found the 

difference between the measured stage and the interpolated 

stage (for both V3 and V2) for each field measurement and 

calculated the root mean square error (RMSE) and standard 

deviation (SD) over all 284 points. The interpolated values 

from the V3 and V2 models show strong agreement with the 

measured values, with an RMSE of 4.78 centimeters (cm) 

(SD = 4.74 cm) for the V3 model and 4.78 cm (SD = 4.77 cm) 

for the V2 model. The similarity in RMSE between the two 

models demonstrates that the accuracy remains constant in the 

transition from the V2 to the V3 model.

Consistency Between EDEN V3 and V2 Models

For EDEN users concerned about differences between 

the V2 and V3 models, the consistency between the V3 and 

V2 model-derived surfaces was evaluated by comparing 

the magnitude and spatial distribution of differences from 

April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018 (1,461 days). This analysis 

is not an accuracy assessment of model performance, but 

it provides the EDEN user community with an understanding of the differences between the V2 and V3 modes. The 

daily root mean square difference (RMSD) for the entire 

surface (resulting in one value per day) and the mean and 

SD of the daily RMSD for all 1,461 days were calculated. 

The evaluation shows that the mean RMSD between the V3 

and V2 model-derived surfaces is 3.87 cm (fig. 8) with a SD 

of 0.67 cm (fig. 9).

Areas with the greatest RMSD between versions are 

mainly limited to Pennsuco Wetlands, along canals, and 

along the edges of the EDEN model domain, particularly 

the northern edge of BCNP and the southwestern edge of 

ENP (fig. 8). Areas with high standard deviation were more 

limited in extent and include the eastern edge of WCA2B, the 

northern area of PW, the northwestern area of WCA3A, the 

northeastern area of BCNP, the southwestern area of WCA3B, 

and a couple of areas along the southwestern edge of the 

EDEN model domain (fig. 9). Overall, the V3 model shows 

high consistency with surfaces from the V2 model, providing 

stability for the user community.
12 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

Map

area

GULF OF MEXICO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

FLORIDA

ALABAMA GEORGIA

Lake 

Okeechobee

ATLANTIC OCEAN

GULF OF MEXICO

Florida Bay

81°30' 81° 80°30' 80°

26°30'

26°

25°30'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS July 20, 2019, water-level 

elevation, in centimeters 

above NAVD 88

High : 463

Low : −16

EXPLANATION

Figure 6. Water-level surface on July 20, 2019, from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water 

interpolation model, version 3 (V3).
Results 13

Map

area

GULF OF MEXICO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

FLORIDA

ALABAMA GEORGIA

WCA 1

WCA 2A

WCA 2B

WCA 3A

WCA 3B

PW

BCNP

ENP

ENP

Lake 

Okeechobee

ATLANTIC OCEAN

GULF OF MEXICO

Florida Bay

81°30' 81° 80°30' 80°

26°30'

26°

25°30'

Elevation benchmark

Management region

EDEN model domain

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data EXPLANATION

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 7. Locations of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers elevation 

benchmarks in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) model domain.
14 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

FLORIDA

ALABAMA GEORGIA

Map

area

GULF OF MEXICO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

WCA 1

WCA 2A

WCA 2B

WCA 3A

WCA 3B

PW

BCNP

ENP

Lake 

Okeechobee

ATLANTIC OCEAN

GULF OF MEXICO

Florida Bay

81°30' 81° 80°30' 80°

26°30'

26°

25°30'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

EXPLANATION

Root mean square difference, in centimeters

0 to 5

5.1 to 10

10.1 to 15

15.1 to 20

20.1 to 25

25.1 to 30

30.1 to 35

35.1 to 46

ENP Management region

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 8. Root mean square difference (in centimeters) between water surfaces interpolated by the Everglades Depth 

Estimation Network (EDEN) version 2 (V2) and version 3 (V3) models, from April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018.
Results 15

Map

area

GULF OF MEXICO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

FLORIDA

ALABAMA GEORGIA

WCA 1

WCA 2A

WCA 2B

WCA 3A

WCA 3B

PW

BCNP

ENP

Lake 

Okeechobee

ATLANTIC OCEAN

GULF OF MEXICO

Florida Bay

81°30' 81° 80°30' 80°

26°30'

26°

25°30'

251

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

EXPLANATION

Standard deviation, in centimeters

0 to 5.0

5.1 to 10.0

10.1 to 15.0

15.1 to 20.0

20.1 to 23.4

Management region

Pseudogage and index number 251

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Figure 9. Standard deviation (in centimeters) between water surfaces interpolated by the Everglades Depth Estimation 

Network (EDEN) version 2 (V2) and version 3 (V3) models, from April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018.
16 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

Considerations in Comparison of V3 and V2

Updates and changes to gages can make the direct comparison between V3 and V2 surfaces less exact than it would 

be otherwise. Two of the gages located in ENP underwent 

name changes, from LO1 to MO-214 (index number 104, 

fig. 1) and from NE1 to NESRS1 (index number 109), but 

the older gage names were hard coded in the V2 model. 

Consequently, the gages were left out of the calculation for the 

values of two pseudogages located in ENP, pBCA19_MO214 

and pNP202_NESRS1 (index numbers 251 and 250, respectively), and larger differences exist between the V3 and V2 

surfaces in those areas. When developing the V3 model, the 

script was updated to include those gages again, which caused 

a larger standard deviation around pBCA19_MO214 (index 

number 252) (fig. 9). These differences do not indicate an error 

in the V3 model interpolation but instead a correction and 

update of the interpolation script.

Representing Groundwater Levels

The representation of groundwater levels allows for a 

spatially continuous computation of the water surface, unlike 

the case in which all heads below land surface are omitted. 

For WCA2A and WCA2B from 2000 to 2011, the V2 model 

represented land surface in higher elevation areas during dry 

periods, but the V3 model represents the complete waterlevel surface (fig. 10). Without the groundwater estimates, 

when gages bottom out (that is, the water level drops below 

the minimum gage measurement), the interpolation creates 

mounding effects in the water surface (fig. 10A). These effects 

are caused by the gages erroneously indicating higher water 

levels (from bottoming out) than surrounding gages that are 

able to accurately measure water level. With the addition of 

groundwater estimates, mounding effects in the interpolated 

surface no longer exist (fig. 10B).

With the groundwater levels now being incorporated in 

the analysis, beginning in 2000, the V3 model surfaces for 

WCA2A and WCA2B can be used for gradient determination 

from 2000 to present. In combination with land-surface elevation data, the depth to water table can be determined, which 

is an important parameter in ecological studies that use the 

EDEN surface-water model to evaluate Everglades habitats 

(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010; Sokol and others, 

2013; Beerens and others, 2016; Botson and others, 2016). 

Extending the use of 2000–2011 groundwater levels through 

the entire study area would be a useful analysis for the EDEN 

user community.
Results 17

315

309

306

303

297

249

252

255

258

246

231

183 180 177

174

234 237

228 225

222

219

216

300

279 282 285 288 291 294

267 270 273

264

261

282

270

252

243

240

294

297

291

288

309

306

303

267

312315

318 321

300

273

252

306

312

294

303

300

204 201

207

192 195

198

285

324

327

276

264

309

300

255

213 210

186

189

297

243 240 237

231

234

228

225

222 219 216

213 210 207

204

201

198

195

192

189 183 186

282

279

276

177

273

285

270

288

264

261

258

249

291

255

246

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303

252

180

174

285

273

279

300

249

261

282

288

291

270

300

258 267 264

255

276

255

A B 80°32' 80°28' 80°24' 80°20' 80°16'

26°28'

26°24'

26°20'

26°16'

26°12'

26°08'

80°32' 80°28' 80°24' 80°20' 80°16'

26°28'

26°24'

26°20'

26°16'

26°12'

26°08'

265 Water-level elevation contour—in 

 centimeters above NAVD 88. 

 Contour interval is 3 centimeters

Water-level elevation, in 

 centimeters above NAVD 88 

EXPLANATION

High 305

Low 172

Map

area

EDEN

model 

domain

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data

North American Datum of 1983

Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 17N

North American Vertical Datum of 1988

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Figure 10. Comparison of water levels in Water Conservation Areas 2A and 2B on May 15, 2009, using the Everglades Depth Estimation 

Network (EDEN) version 3 (V3) model. A, The V3 surface without the additional groundwater estimates shows mounding, whereas, B, 

the V3 surface with groundwater estimates does not.
18 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3

Summary and Conclusions

The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) 

model version 3 (V3) interpolates daily water-level surfaces 

for the freshwater part of the Greater Everglades and Big 

Cypress National Preserve and contains several updates and 

improvements not available in version 2 (V2). The primary 

update is the use of the R programming language to create a model that, compared to the previous version, is more 

than 10 times faster and more easily portable to a wider 

variety of computational platforms, without reliance on 

proprietary algorithms and software. The use of R software, 

which is free and open source, will make it easier and faster 

to update the V3 model script when changes occur in the 

gage network. Updates to R software are normally backward 

compatible, fully documented, and transparent, thus easing 

the process of keeping the V3 model script updated. Internal 

to the interpolation model, the number of subdomains has 

been changed from five to eight, which allows hydrologic 

boundaries such as levees and canals to be integrated into 

the interpolation scheme. Changes that occurred in the 

water-level gage network between the construction of the 

V2 and V3 models are accounted for and groundwater-level 

estimates are incorporated as important information for 

hydrologic and ecological studies. The R package for the 

EDEN V3 interpolation model is publicly available online at 

https://code.usgs.gov/water/eden.

Summary model performance statistics indicate similar 

accuracy in water-level surfaces between the V3 and V2 

models, with a root mean square error of 4.78 centimeters 

for both models compared to independent water-level 

measurements. The objective of keeping the V3 model as 

close to V2 as possible was achieved, with a mean root mean 

square difference of 3.87 centimeters in water surfaces from 

April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2018, ensuring continuity and 

stability for the EDEN user community. The representation of 

groundwater levels in Water Conservation Areas 2A and 2B 

for the period from 2000 to 2011 is an important advancement 

and provides needed information for ecological studies where 

depth to water affects habitats.

The advancements in the V3 model allow EDEN 

to continue providing datasets to scientists and resource 

managers needed to guide large-scale field operations, describe 

hydrologic changes, and support biological and ecological 

assessments. The implementation of Everglades restoration 

will require the continued supply of this information to make 

informed decisions for the future of the Everglades ecosystem 

and South Florida as a whole.

References Cited

ArcGIS Resources, 2013, ArcGIS help 10.1: Accessed 

September 18, 2014, at http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/

main/10.1/.

Beerens, J.M., Romañach, S.S., and McKelvy, M., 2016, 

Evaluating water management scenarios to support 

habitat management for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1107, 

62 p., accessed October 2018 at https://doi.org/10.3133/

ofr20161107.

Bivand, R., Keitt, T., and Rowlingson, B., 2018, rgdal—

Bindings for the 'geospatial' data abstraction library: 

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Appendix 1
22 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3 Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground. [Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpo- lations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north] Index number on figure 1 Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type

1 2A300 SFWMD −80.408 26.246 559111.7 2903114.4 1991q1 2012q3 WCA2A Stage2 3A10 SFWMD −80.74 26.279 525980.1 2906666.3 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage3 3A11 SFWMD −80.744 26.218 525605.1 2899897.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage4 3A12 SFWMD −80.676 26.169 532417.2 2894468.1 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage5 3A-5 USGS −80.705 26.057 529481.0 2881992.6 1991q1 2012q4 WCA3A Stage6 3A9 SFWMD −80.648 26.123 535234.8 2889368.9 1991q1 2012q4 WCA3A Stage7 3AN1W1 SFWMD −80.74 26.188 525972.6 2896545.5 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage8 3ANE SFWMD −80.605 26.279 539459.1 2906638.9 1991q1 2011q4 WCA3A Stage9 3ANE_GW SFWMD −80.605 26.279 539459.1 2906638.9 2012q1 Current WCA3A Well

10 3ANW SFWMD −80.78 26.267 521937.2 2905238.3 1991q1 2011q4 WCA3A Stage

11 3ANW_GW SFWMD −80.78 26.267 521937.2 2905238.3 2012q1 Current WCA3A Well

12 3AS SFWMD −80.692 26.082 531579.5 2884991.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage13 3AS3W1 SFWMD −80.771 25.858 522955.8 2859933.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage14 3ASW SFWMD −80.836 25.99 516424.4 2874597.0 1991q1 Current WCA3A; NPS Stage15 3BS1W1 SFWMD −80.511 25.781 549012.1 2851484.1 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage16 3B-SE SFWMD −80.499 25.788 550178.7 2852319.0 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage17 A13 ENP −80.712 25.497 528887.4 2820049.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage18 ANGEL SFWMD −80.542 25.623 546009.0 2833971.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage19 BARW4 SFWMD −81.347 25.995 465270.0 2875163.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage20 BARW6A SFWMD −81.345 26.051 465524.2 2881398.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage21 BCA1 BCNP −81.321 26.242 467985.6 2902579.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage22 BCA10 BCNP −81.022 25.714 497798.6 2843968.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage23 BCA11 BCNP −81.1 25.789 489974.4 2852339.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage24 BCA12 BCNP −81.087 26.191 491340.7 2896882.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage25 BCA13 BCNP −81.054 26.093 494639.0 2885990.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage26 BCA14 BCNP −81.3 26.044 469987.9 2880640.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage27 BCA15 BCNP −81.027 26.04 497325.3 2880093.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage
Appendix 1 23

Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued[Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpolations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north]

Index

number on

figure 1

Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type

28 BCA16 BCNP −81.156 26.057 484432.6 2881978.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage29 BCA17 BCNP −81.168 26.205 483203.5 2898407.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage30 BCA18 BCNP −80.983 26.207 501686.1 2898580.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage31 BCA19 BCNP −81.202 25.793 479719.2 2852793.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage32 BCA2 BCNP −81.289 26.196 471164.5 2897434.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage33 BCA20 BCNP −80.935 25.706 506542.1 2843182.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage34 BCA3 BCNP −81.222 26.157 477845.6 2893052.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage35 BCA4 BCNP −81.104 25.957 489599.3 2870950.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage36 BCA5 BCNP −80.926 25.968 507368.8 2872179.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage37 BCA9 BCNP −80.912 25.778 508801.0 2851139.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage38 C111_wetland_east_of_

FIU_LTER_TSPH5

USGS −80.52 25.294 548321.0 2797638.3 1991q1 2011q4 NPS Stage

39 CP ENP −80.704 25.228 529818.8 2790185.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage40 CR2 ENP −80.622 25.499 538016.1 2820226.4 1991q1 Current NPS Stage41 CR3 ENP −80.663 25.497 533884.8 2820000.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage42 CT27R ENP −80.489 25.301 551472.3 2798370.4 1991q1 Current NPS Stage43 CT50R ENP −80.521 25.313 548223.8 2799681.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage44 CV5NR ENP −80.488 25.302 551583.5 2798524.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage45 CY2 ENP −80.683 25.328 531919.1 2801262.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage46 CY3 ENP −80.751 25.328 525097.7 2801279.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage47 DO1 ENP −80.691 25.372 531097.1 2806182.4 1991q1 Current NPS Stage48 DO2 ENP −80.744 25.388 525727.9 2807985.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage49 E112 ENP −80.61 25.424 539240.7 2811955.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage50 E146 ENP −80.666 25.253 533588.9 2793085.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage51 EDEN_1 USGS −80.895 25.861 510515.0 2860236.4 1991q1 2012q4 NPS Stage52 EDEN_10 USGS −80.617 25.785 538377.1 2851960.8 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage53 EDEN_11 USGS −80.455 26.376 553893.8 2918188.1 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage54 EDEN_12 USGS −80.588 26.012 541222.6 2877040.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage
24 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3 Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued [Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpo- lations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north] Index number on figure 1 Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type 55 EDEN_13 USGS −80.371 26.176 562816.5 2895370.0 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 56 EDEN_14 USGS −80.758 26.069 524254.6 2883397.0 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 57 EDEN_3 USGS −80.933 25.512 506727.1 2821669.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 58 EDEN_4 USGS −80.507 26.093 549305.2 2886113.3 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 59 EDEN_5 USGS −80.753 26.124 524715.5 2889396.6 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 60 EDEN_6 USGS −80.904 26.065 509613.3 2882916.5 1991q1 Current WCA3A; NPS Stage 61 EDEN_7 USGS −80.499 25.952 550198.5 2870488.9 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage 62 EDEN_8 USGS −80.681 25.867 532005.4 2860957.1 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 63 EDEN_9 USGS −80.592 26.222 540732.7 2900327.2 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 64 EP1R ENP −80.453 25.287 555056.9 2796891.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 65 EPSW ENP −80.508 25.271 549526.8 2795102.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 66 EVER4 USGS −80.547 25.339 545619.8 2802535.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 67 EVER5A USGS −80.573 25.286 543033.1 2796697.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 68 EVER6 ENP −80.511 25.297 549180.9 2797931.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 69 EVER7 ENP −80.542 25.309 546072.4 2799212.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 70 EVER8 ENP −80.478 25.345 552487.9 2803265.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 71 G-1251 USGS −80.566 25.321 543705.7 2800572.4 1991q1 Current NPS Well 72 G-1488 USGS −80.482 25.819 551887.0 2855689.0 1991q1 Current PW Well 73 G300_T SFWMD −80.363 26.677 563360.3 2950824.0 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage 74 G-3272 USGS −80.539 25.665 546274.5 2838660.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well 75 G-3273 SFWMD −80.576 25.63 542575.9 2834820.4 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well

76 G339_H SFWMD −80.452 26.463 554571.7 2927121.8 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage77 G339_T SFWMD −80.453 26.463 554557.9 2927099.0 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage78 G-3437 USGS −80.567 25.567 543483.0 2827804.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well79 G-3567 USGS −80.436 25.9 556509.0 2864737.0 1991q1 Current PW Well80 G-3574 USGS −80.498 25.746 550358.0 2847691.0 1991q1 Current L67ext Well81 G-3575 USGS −80.496 25.702 550547.0 2842792.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well
Appendix 1 25

Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued[Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpolations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north]

Index

number on

figure 1

Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type

82 G-3576 USGS −80.514 25.746 548717.0 2847627.0 1991q1 Current L67ext Well83 G-3577 USGS −80.501 25.703 550109.0 2842845.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well84 G-3578 USGS −80.513 25.703 548827.0 2842859.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well85 G-3626 USGS −80.511 25.619 549068.0 2833537.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well86 G-3628 USGS −80.535 25.594 546730.0 2830818.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well87 G-3676 USGS −80.424 25.788 557763.0 2852293.0 1991q1 Current PW Well88 G-3761 USGS −80.434 25.842 556768.0 2858275.0 1991q1 Current PW Well89 G-3818 USGS −80.451 25.844 554996.3 2858473.6 1991q1 Current PW Well90 G-596 USGS −80.512 25.638 548990.0 2835686.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Well91 G-620 USGS −80.766 25.656 523441.4 2837621.9 1991q1 Current NPS Well92 G-975 USGS −80.456 25.87 554455.2 2861400.0 1991q1 Current PW Well93 Joe_Bay_2E USGS −80.525 25.233 547898.0 2790715.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage94 L28_GAP SFWMD −80.983 26.124 501659.4 2889475.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage95 L28S1 SFWMD −80.843 26.094 515715.5 2886100.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A; NPS Stage96 L28S2 SFWMD −80.835 26.094 516521.1 2886101.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A; NPS Stage97 L31W ENP −80.59 25.437 541247.5 2813407.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage98 LOOP1_H SFWMD −80.908 25.761 509239.0 2849262.5 1991q1 2012q4 NPS Stage99 LOOP1_T SFWMD −80.908 25.761 509241.3 2849228.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage

100 LOOP2_H SFWMD −80.954 25.747 504624.7 2847630.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage101 LOOP2_T SFWMD −80.954 25.747 504601.4 2847616.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage102 McCormick_Creek_at_

mouth

USGS −80.734 25.168 527034.0 2783566.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage

103 MET-1 USGS −80.588 25.72 541300.2 2844777.7 1991q1 2011q4 L67ext Stage104 MO-214 USGS −81.025 25.612 497463.7 2832744.4 1991q1 Current NPS Well105 MO-215 USGS −80.848 25.472 515257.1 2817266.6 1991q1 Current NPS Well106 MO-216 USGS −81.164 25.729 483516.0 2845679.0 2000q1 Current NPS Well107 Mud_Creek_at_mouth USGS −80.584 25.203 541970.3 2787541.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage108 NCL ENP −80.744 25.242 525730.6 2791837.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage
26 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3 Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued [Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpo- lations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north] Index number on figure 1 Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type 109 NESRS1 USGS −80.634 25.692 536672.9 2841631.5 1991q1 Current L67ext Stage 110 NESRS2 USGS −80.557 25.72 544745.1 2844886.2 1991q1 Current L67ext Stage 111 NESRS4 USGS −80.653 25.64 534848.0 2836028.3 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage 112 NESRS5 USGS −80.662 25.632 534153.7 2834949.9 1991q1 2011q4 L67ext; NPS Stage 113 NMP ENP −80.798 25.254 520328.6 2793072.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 114 NORTH_CA1 USGS −80.354 26.594 564356.2 2941626.1 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage 115 NP201 ENP −80.719 25.717 528138.1 2844348.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 116 NP202 ENP −80.709 25.662 529238.3 2838291.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage 117 NP203 ENP −80.739 25.623 526235.9 2833947.6 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage 118 NP205 ENP −80.848 25.689 515267.3 2841220.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 119 NP206 ENP −80.672 25.544 532950.6 2825257.5 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage 120 NP44 ENP −80.72 25.433 528120.5 2812973.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 121 NP46 ENP −80.796 25.318 520542.3 2800225.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 122 NP62 ENP −80.783 25.438 521834.9 2813515.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 123 NP67 ENP −80.65 25.329 535189.5 2801486.4 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 124 NP72 ENP −80.703 25.395 529861.8 2808701.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 125 NTS1 ENP −80.593 25.437 540940.4 2813375.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 126 NTS10 ENP −80.605 25.46 539703.7 2815986.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 127 NTS14 ENP −80.639 25.416 536337.7 2811117.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 128 NTS18 ENP −80.566 25.484 543576.9 2818613.1 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 129 OL ENP −80.613 25.264 538956.7 2794206.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage

130 OT ENP −80.964 25.579 503563.9 2829031.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage131 P33 ENP −80.702 25.614 529891.5 2832971.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage132 P34 ENP −80.941 25.608 505933.9 2832231.4 1991q1 Current NPS Stage133 P35 ENP −80.864 25.46 513620.7 2815873.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage134 P36 ENP −80.796 25.527 520535.0 2823356.4 1991q1 Current NPS Stage135 P37 ENP −80.688 25.284 531371.1 2796463.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage
Appendix 1 27

Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued[Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpolations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north]

Index

number on

figure 1

Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type

136 P38 ENP −80.833 25.369 516760.9 2805880.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage137 R127 ENP −80.606 25.353 539626.9 2804113.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage138 R3110 ENP −80.626 25.446 537585.7 2814411.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage139 RG1 ENP −80.608 25.581 539384.9 2829396.8 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage140 RG2 ENP −80.606 25.542 539593.0 2825091.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage141 RG3 ENP −80.575 25.544 542685.0 2825294.0 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Stage142 S10A_H USGS −80.312 26.36 568592.6 2915744.4 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage143 S10A_T USGS −80.313 26.359 568563.4 2915633.1 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage144 S10C_H USGS −80.352 26.372 564597.9 2917008.9 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage145 S10C_T USGS −80.352 26.371 564583.9 2916948.0 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage146 S10D_H USGS −80.382 26.389 561683.3 2918858.3 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage147 S10D_T USGS −80.382 26.388 561635.8 2918827.9 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage148 S11A_H USGS −80.448 26.177 555115.5 2895405.3 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage149 S11A_T USGS −80.449 26.177 555030.8 2895390.9 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage150 S11B_H USGS −80.454 26.202 554557.9 2898235.2 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage151 S11B_T USGS −80.455 26.202 554456.5 2898221.3 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage152 S11C_H USGS −80.46 26.23 553950.9 2901225.2 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage153 S11C_T USGS −80.461 26.229 553853.0 2901210.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage154 S12A_H USGS −80.821 25.762 517940.0 2849363.6 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage155 S12A_T USGS −80.821 25.761 517941.2 2849281.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage156 S12B_H USGS −80.769 25.762 523115.6 2849372.2 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage157 S12B_T USGS −80.769 25.762 523113.3 2849299.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage158 S12C_H USGS −80.727 25.762 527382.7 2849386.2 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage159 S12C_T USGS −80.727 25.762 527381.6 2849310.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage160 S12D_H USGS −80.682 25.762 531912.9 2849401.7 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage161 S12D_T USGS −80.682 25.762 531907.9 2849325.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage162 S140_H SFWMD −80.828 26.172 517207.4 2894700.0 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage
28 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3 Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued [Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpo- lations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north] Index number on figure 1 Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type 163 S140_T SFWMD −80.827 26.172 517275.0 2894702.9 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 164 S141_H SFWMD −80.442 26.151 555755.4 2892486.9 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 165 S141_T SFWMD −80.443 26.151 555713.0 2892496.3 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 166 S142_H SFWMD −80.446 26.16 555326.9 2893522.7 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 167 S142_T SFWMD −80.445 26.16 555489.7 2893543.0 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 168 S143_T SFWMD −80.448 26.176 555136.9 2895305.4 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 169 S144_H SFWMD −80.398 26.218 560158.7 2900008.9 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage 170 S144_T SFWMD −80.398 26.218 560164.6 2899975.5 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 171 S145_H SFWMD −80.366 26.222 563348.9 2900416.9 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage 172 S145_T SFWMD −80.366 26.222 563352.1 2900385.7 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 173 S146_H SFWMD −80.334 26.226 566576.2 2900838.9 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage 174 S146_T SFWMD −80.333 26.225 566581.4 2900799.4 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage 175 S150_T SFWMD −80.539 26.335 545964.1 2912820.6 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 176 S151_H SFWMD −80.51 26.012 549024.3 2877054.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 177 S175_H SFWMD −80.574 25.418 542862.4 2811294.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 178 S18C_T USGS −80.525 25.33 547801.3 2800571.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 179 S190_T SFWMD −80.968 26.283 503213.1 2907051.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 180 S332_T SFWMD −80.591 25.422 541180.0 2811722.3 2000q1 2014q1 NPS Stage 181 S333_H SFWMD −80.674 25.762 532668.1 2849372.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 182 S333_T SFWMD −80.673 25.762 532774.1 2849335.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A; L67ext Stage

183 S334_H SFWMD −80.503 25.761 549864.4 2849342.3 1991q1 Current WCA3A; 

L67ext

Stage

184 S334_T SFWMD −80.501 25.761 549992.4 2849340.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage185 S34_H SFWMD −80.443 26.151 555714.5 2892479.6 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage186 S343A_H SFWMD −80.855 25.789 514522.2 2852358.7 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage187 S343A_T SFWMD −80.856 25.789 514478.5 2852324.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage188 S343B_H SFWMD −80.844 25.778 515652.0 2851135.3 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage
Appendix 1 29

Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued[Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpolations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north]

Index

number on

figure 1

Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type

189 S343B_T SFWMD −80.844 25.778 515620.3 2851105.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage190 S344_H SFWMD −80.836 25.919 516395.2 2866714.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage191 S344_T SFWMD −80.837 25.919 516353.5 2866724.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage192 S39_H SFWMD −80.298 26.356 570050.1 2915284.6 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage193 S7_T SFWMD −80.537 26.335 546248.4 2912887.5 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage194 S8_T USGS −80.774 26.331 522523.9 2912387.2 1991q1 2011q4 WCA3A Stage195 S9A_T SFWMD −80.444 26.061 555630.5 2882614.7 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage196 SITE_17 USGS −80.411 26.287 558814.0 2907573.8 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage197 SITE_19 USGS −80.307 26.281 569272.0 2907133.4 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage198 SITE_62 USGS −80.751 26.175 524865.2 2895066.7 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage199 SITE_63 USGS −80.531 26.189 546872.5 2896696.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage200 SITE_64 USGS −80.669 25.976 533110.0 2873028.9 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage201 SITE_65 USGS −80.72 25.814 528087.2 2855206.6 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage202 SITE_69W USGS −80.589 25.907 541144.9 2865433.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage203 SITE_7 USGS −80.347 26.52 565061.9 2933415.4 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage204 SITE_71 USGS −80.557 25.885 544405.5 2863003.3 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage205 SITE_76 USGS −80.482 26.008 551781.7 2876657.8 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage206 SITE_8C USGS −80.222 26.499 577474.8 2931309.2 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage207 SITE_8T USGS −80.235 26.5 576266.9 2931241.7 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage208 SITE_9 USGS −80.291 26.46 570077.5 2927288.8 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage209 SITE_99 USGS −80.367 26.136 563276.5 2891044.0 1991q1 Current WCA2B Stage210 SOUTH_CA1 USGS −80.338 26.421 565752.4 2922897.3 1991q1 Current WCA1 Stage

211 SP ENP −80.797 25.389 520390.8 2808007.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage

212 SPARO ENP −80.829 25.734 517147.0 2846252.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage213 SR1 ENP −80.812 25.379 518962.8 2806906.2 1991q1 Current NPS Stage214 SRS1 USGS −80.578 25.799 542265.5 2853460.3 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage215 Stillwater_Creek USGS −80.486 25.228 551726.7 2790343.3 1991q1 Current NPS Stage
30 The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3 Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued [Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpo- lations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north] Index number on figure 1 Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type 216 Tamiami_Canal_40- Mile_Bend_to_Monroe USGS −80.981 25.851 501948.0 2859226.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 217 Tamiami_Canal_Monroe_ to_Carnestown USGS −81.262 25.887 473771.0 2863234.0 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 218 Taylor_River_at_mouth USGS −80.639 25.191 536376.8 2786171.8 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 219 Taylor_Slough_wetland_ at_E146 USGS −80.666 25.253 533624.5 2792579.9 1991q1 2011q4 NPS Stage 220 TI-8 USGS −80.541 25.832 545989.8 2857214.7 1991q1 2012q4 WCA3B Stage 221 TI-9 USGS −80.599 25.837 540142.0 2857718.6 1991q1 Current WCA3B Stage 222 TMC ENP −80.872 25.614 512822.5 2832943.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 223 Trout_Creek_at_mouth USGS −80.534 25.215 547003.2 2788849.7 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 224 TSB ENP −80.607 25.403 539496.7 2809627.6 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 225 TSH ENP −80.631 25.311 537180.1 2799430.9 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 226 Upstream_Taylor_River USGS −80.648 25.21 535475.3 2788445.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage 227 W11 USGS −80.75 25.943 525031.6 2869370.8 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 228 W14 USGS −80.668 25.937 533210.2 2868773.7 1991q1 2012q4 WCA3A Stage 229 W15 USGS −80.678 26.014 532243.5 2877292.5 1991q1 2012q4 WCA3A Stage 230 W18 USGS −80.779 26.002 522128.0 2875917.9 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 231 W2 USGS −80.809 25.8 519158.3 2853518.6 1991q1 Current WCA3A Stage 232 W5 USGS −80.695 25.789 530550.2 2852371.1 1991q1 2012q4 WCA3A Stage 233 WC2AN1 SFWMD −80.456 26.448 554225.8 2925386.4 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage 234 WC2AS1 SFWMD −80.493 26.39 550618.6 2918999.5 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage

235 WCA1ME SFWMD −80.31 26.511 568748.3 2932450.2 1991q1 2013q1 WCA1 Stage236 WCA2E1 SFWMD −80.353 26.352 564574.0 2914831.0 1991q1 2012q3 WCA2A Stage237 WCA2E4 SFWMD −80.356 26.31 564237.0 2910153.1 1991q1 2014q4 WCA2A Stage238 WCA2F1 SFWMD −80.37 26.36 562878.9 2915714.7 1991q1 2014q4 WCA2A Stage239 WCA2F4 SFWMD −80.385 26.317 561404.8 2910969.9 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage240 WCA2RT SFWMD −80.51 26.33 548922.9 2912331.7 1991q1 2011q3 WCA2A Stage
Appendix 1 31

Table 1.1. Water-level gages used in Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water model versions 2 and 3 (V2 and V3), including pseudogages used for interpolation that do not exist on the ground.—Continued[Data for this table are available from the EDEN website (U.S. Geological Survey, 2020). EDEN starting and ending date columns indicate the time period during which the gage is used for surface interpolations. Pseudogage usage refers to V3 model surfaces; for V2 model details, see Telis and others (2015). Latitude and longitude shown in decimal degrees. BCNP, Big Cypress National Preserve; E, east; ENP, Everglades National Park; m, meter; N, north; NAD 83, North American Datum of 1983; NPS, National Park Service; L67ext, L67 Extension; PW, Pennsuco Wetlands; SFWMD, South Florida Water Management District; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator; V3, Version 3; WCA, water conservation area; Zone 17N, Zone 17 north]

Index

number on

figure 1

Gage name Operating agency Latitude (NAD 83) Longitude (NAD 83) UTM E Zone 17N (m NAD 83) UTM N Zone 17N (m NAD 83) EDEN starting quarter EDEN ending quarter V3 model subdomain Gage type

241 WCA2U1 SFWMD −80.356 26.241 564330.1 2902585.6 1991q1 Current WCA2A Stage242 WCA2U3 SFWMD −80.411 26.288 558813.3 2907727.6 1991q1 2012q4 WCA2A Stage243 West_Highway_Creek USGS −80.448 25.242 555693.2 2791958.5 1991q1 Current NPS Stage244 pS10DT NA −80.435 26.456 556275.7 2926307.3 1991q1 Current WCA2A Pseudo245 pS151H_S333H_1 NA −80.586 25.912 541504.9 2865963.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Pseudo246 pS151H_S333H_2 NA −80.599 25.894 540158.2 2863976.9 1991q1 Current WCA3A Pseudo247 pS151H_S333H_3 NA −80.652 25.824 534883.4 2856196.4 1991q1 Current WCA3A Pseudo248 pS151H_S333H_4 NA −80.674 25.785 532645.7 2851882.5 1991q1 Current WCA3A Pseudo249 pS12DT NA −80.675 25.762 532618.1 2849322.8 1991q1 Current NPS Pseudo250 pNP202_NESRS1 NA −80.674 25.681 532685.8 2840385.2 1991q1 Current L67ext; NPS Pseudo251 pBCA19_MO214 NA −81.086 25.686 491389.9 2840932.0 1991q1 Current NPS Pseudo

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Haider and others—The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Surface-Water Interpolation Model, Version 3—SIR 2020–5083

ISSN 2328-0328 (online)

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