IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS

WESTERN DISTRICT

THE SALVATION ARMY, KANSAS AND 

WESTERN MISSOURI DIVISION,

Appellant,

v.

BANK OF AMERICA, et al.,

Respondents.

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WD76464

OPINION FILED:

March 11, 2014

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri

The Honorable Kathleen A. Forsyth, Judge

Before Division I: Cynthia L. Martin, Presiding Judge, and

Mark D. Pfeiffer and Karen King Mitchell, Judges

Appellant Salvation Army, Kansas and Western Missouri Division (“the Salvation 

Army”), appeals the judgment of the Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri (“trial court”) 

dismissing its petition to contest a will that had been admitted to probate on the grounds that the 

Salvation Army lacked standing. We affirm.
2

Factual and Procedural Background1

On October 2, 2009, William E. Cunningham, Jr. (“Decedent”) died. On February 22, 

2010, a will executed by Decedent on July 10, 1995 (“1995 Will”), which was accompanied by 

an inter-vivos trust agreement executed on the same day, was presented to the probate division of 

the trial court. On March 15, 2010, the 1995 Will was admitted to probate, and letters 

testamentary were issued naming Respondent Bank of America (“Bank of America”) as the 

personal representative of Decedent‟s estate. The first notice of the granting of letters 

testamentary was published on March 30, 2010.

On September 20, 2010, Decedent‟s heirs at law, his nieces and nephew (“the heirs”), 

filed a petition contesting the 1995 Will, claiming undue influence on the part of the 1995 Will‟s 

beneficiaries, Respondents Harold and DorothyMae Groves (“the Groveses”). Bank of America 

was served with the heirs‟ petition on October 28, 2010.

On November 17, 2010, in response to the heirs‟ petition, Bank of America presented a 

prior will, executed by Decedent in 1984 (“the 1984 Will”), which named the Salvation Army as 

a beneficiary (the Salvation Army was not a beneficiary under the 1995 Will). Although Bank of 

America maintained that the 1995 Will was valid, it alleged that, if the 1995 Will and its stated 

revocation of the 1984 Will were to be found invalid, the 1984 Will would operate to preclude 

the claims of the heirs at law.

On February 23, 2011, the trial court granted the Salvation Army leave to intervene as an 

additional plaintiff challenging the 1995 Will. On June 29, 2011, the Salvation Army filed its 

petition contesting the 1995 Will. On July 20, the Groveses and Bank of America filed 

responsive pleadings to the Salvation Army‟s petition; at that time, neither the Groveses nor 

 

1 When reviewing the dismissal of a petition for failure to state a claim or the granting of judgment on the 

pleadings, “the facts contained in the petition are treated as true and they are construed liberally in favor of the 

plaintiffs.” Lynch v. Lynch, 260 S.W.3d 834, 836 (Mo. banc 2008) (citation omitted).
3

Bank of America alleged that the 1984 Will was not timely presented to the trial court, though 

the Groveses denied that the 1984 Will was valid. On April 24, 2012, the heirs voluntarily 

dismissed their claims with prejudice, leaving the Salvation Army as the only remaining party 

challenging the 1995 Will.

On June 11, 2012, the trial court entered a stipulated scheduling order setting a date for 

trial and a deadline of November 5, 2012, for the filing of dispositive motions. On January 23, 

2013, the Groveses filed a dispositive motion seeking a ruling that the Salvation Army lacked 

standing2to pursue the will contest action challenging the 1995 Will. A pretrial conference was 

held on January 24, 2013, where the trial court heard argument from counsel for the Groveses 

and for the Salvation Army on the Groveses‟ motion. The trial court determined that it would 

consider the Groveses‟ dispositive motion, and at the request of the trial court, additional letter 

briefing was provided by the parties on the issue of whether the Salvation Army had standing to 

contest the 1995 Will. On February 1, 2013, the trial court entered a judgment of dismissal 

dismissing the Salvation Army‟s will contest petition, finding that the Salvation Army lacked 

standing to contest the 1995 Will since its only claim to the estate was under the 1984 Will, 

which had not been presented to the trial court within the time limits prescribed by section 

473.050.3.3

On March 1, 2013, the Salvation Army obtained assignments from the heirs, who had 

voluntarily dismissed their claims with prejudice nearly a year earlier. The Salvation Army then 

filed a motion to amend the judgment alleging, inter alia, that it had standing to contest the 1995 

 

2 The motion essentially argued that the filing of the 1984 Will did not comply with Missouri‟s presentment 

statute, could not be considered by the trial court, and the Salvation Army had no justiciable interest in the only 

remaining will that had been properly presented to the trial court—the 1995 Will; ergo, the motion argued that the 

Salvation Army lacked standing to contest the 1995 Will. The practical effect of the success of this motion was that 

there would remain nobody with standing to contest the 1995 Will pursuant to any will contest petition that had 

previously been filed, such that the motion was dispositive of any remaining will contest pleadings then before the 

trial court.

3 All statutory references are to RSMo 2000, as updated by the 2012 cumulative supplement.
4

Will, even if the trial court had correctly found that the 1984 Will was not timely presented, in 

that the heirs at law had assigned their rights to the Salvation Army, and the heirs‟ voluntary 

dismissal of their petition was ineffective as it was entered without obtaining the consent of the 

Salvation Army, who was a party to the action at the time of the purported voluntary dismissal. 

The trial court denied the motion. The Salvation Army appeals.

Standard of Review

This court reviews the granting of a motion to dismiss de novo. Coons v. Berry, 304 

S.W.3d 215, 217 (Mo. App. W.D. 2009). The trial court dismissed the Salvation Army‟s petition 

because it determined that, because the 1984 Will was not presented within the time limits 

prescribed by section 473.050.3, the 1984 Will was “forever barred” from the trial court‟s 

consideration; because the 1984 Will was the only avenue for the Salvation Army to have any 

claim to Decedent‟s estate, the trial court concluded that the Salvation Army lacked standing. 

Interpretation of statutory provisions and their application to the facts of a case are legal issues 

that this court reviews de novo. McKinney v. State Farm Mut. Ins., 123 S.W.3d 242, 245 (Mo. 

App. W.D. 2003). Standing is also a question of law that this court reviews de novo. CACH, 

LLC v. Askew, 358 S.W.3d 58, 61 (Mo. banc 2012). “[I]n reviewing a judgment of dismissal, 

this court must affirm the dismissal „if it can be sustained on any ground which is supported by 

the motion to dismiss, regardless of whether the circuit court relied on that ground.‟” State ex 

rel. Div. of Child Support Enforcement v. Hill, 53 S.W.3d 137, 143 (Mo. App. W.D. 2001) 

(quoting Keys v. Nigro, 913 S.W.2d 947, 951 (Mo. App. W.D. 1996)). “In fact, [i]f the court 

correctly dismissed the [claim], the ground upon which the dismissal was based is immaterial.” 

Id. (internal quotation omitted).
5

Analysis

I

In its first point, the Salvation Army argues that “the trial court erred in dismissing 

[Salvation Army‟s] claims for lack of standing because [Salvation Army] plead[ed] sufficient 

facts to establish standing to contest the 1995 Will in that [the Groveses] waived their statute of 

limitations defense by failing to raise it in any responsive pleading.” (Emphasis added.)

Missouri‟s will presentment statute, section 473.050.5, provides that if a will is “not 

presented4for probate during the time limitations provided in subsection 3, [it] is forever barred 

from admission to probate in [Missouri].” In pertinent part, section 473.050.3 provides:

3. No proof shall be taken of any will nor a certificate of probate thereof issued 

unless such will has been presented within the applicable time set forth as 

follows:

(1) In cases where notice has previously been given in accordance with section 

473.033 [i.e., through publication] of the granting of letters on the estate of 

such testator, within six months after the date of the first publication of the 

notice of granting of letters, or within thirty days after the commencement of 

an action under section 473.083 [i.e., will contest action] to establish or 

contest the validity of a will of the testator named in such will, whichever later 

occurs[.]

First, we note that the Salvation Army‟s arguments in support of its first point conflate 

the concept of standing with the concept of subject matter jurisdiction. The Salvation Army 

relies upon State ex rel. Unnerstall v. Berkemeyer, 298 S.W.3d 513 (Mo. banc 2009). So do we.

[I]t is incorrect to cast statutory arguments as matters of subject matter 

jurisdiction. J.C.W. ex rel. Webb v. Wyciskalla, 275 S.W.3d 249, 254 (Mo. banc 

2009). There is no question of jurisdiction in this case; the circuit court, which in 

this case has a probate division, has subject matter jurisdiction to admit or reject a 

will to probate.

 

4

“For a testator‟s will to be „presented,‟ the will must be delivered to the probate division of the circuit 

court along with either an affidavit requesting probate, a petition seeking probate, or a copy of an order admitting the 

will to probate in another jurisdiction. Section 473.050.2, RSMo 2000.” State ex rel. Unnerstall v. Berkemeyer, 298 

S.W.3d 513, 517 n.4 (Mo. banc 2009).
6

Id. at 517-18. Thus, the decision to admit or reject a will is clearly a matter within the subject 

matter jurisdiction of the trial court. With that, we agree. Where the Salvation Army‟s logic 

breaks down is when it argues that the holding in Unnerstall necessarily requires us to conclude 

that “statutes cannot affect standing.” While a statute directed at a court‟s authority may not 

implicate the court‟s jurisdiction, it does not preclude a court from exercising its jurisdiction to 

evaluate its authority to address substantive issues of a party‟s case (i.e., standing). More 

specifically, on the interaction between the concepts of subject matter jurisdiction and standing, 

our Supreme Court recently noted in Schweich v. Nixon:

Although sometimes referred to in terms of jurisdiction . . . the concept of 

standing is better understood as a matter of justiciability, that is, of a court‟s 

authority to address a particular issue when the party suing has no justiciable 

interest in the subject matter of the action. For this reason, Missouri courts before 

and after the decision in [Webb], have held that standing is a prerequisite to the 

court‟s authority to address substantive issues [with respect to that party] . . . . 

See, e.g., CACH, 358 S.W.3d at 61 (reaffirming that “[c]ourts have a duty to 

determine if a party has standing prior to addressing the substantive issues of the 

case.”).

408 S.W.3d 769, 774 n.5 (Mo. banc 2013).

Here, as in Unnerstall, the trial court exercised its jurisdiction to make a decision about 

whether to admit or reject the 1984 Will in relationship to the requirements outlined in chapter 

473. Upon doing so, the trial court concluded that no proof of the 1984 Will would be taken, as 

the 1984 Will was “forever barred” from admission to probate. At that point, the trial court then 

recognized its responsibility to evaluate whether the Salvation Army possessed standing to 

pursue a contest of the 1995 Will, as standing cannot be waived. See CACH, 358 S.W.3d at 61. 

“A party has standing to sue when it has a justiciable interest in the subject matter of the action.” 

Id. (internal quotation omitted). In a will contest, standing has been described as belonging to 

one who would “either gain or lose under the contested will.” Lopiccolo v. Semar, 890 S.W.2d 
7

754, 758 (Mo. App. E.D. 1995). See also Hawkins v. Lemasters, 200 S.W.3d 57, 61 (Mo. App. 

W.D. 2006). Here, because the 1984 Will was presented without the statutory requirements, 

proof of the 1984 Will was rejected by the trial court. Accordingly, the trial court ruled that the 

Salvation Army, absent rights it claimed to possess under a rejected will, could not “gain or lose 

under the contested will [1995 Will]” and thus did not possess standing. As such, the Salvation 

Army‟s will contest petition was dismissed by the trial court.

Effectively, then, the crux of the Salvation Army‟s argument is that the basis for the trial 

court‟s standing analysis was its misplaced reliance upon the will presentment statute—also 

described as Missouri‟s “statute of limitations for presentment,” Unnerstall, 298 S.W.3d at 

5195—because the Salvation Army claims that the “limitations defense” had been waived. We 

disagree.

Preliminarily, we note that the Salvation Army argues that the trial court should not have 

considered the substantive merits of the Groveses‟ dispositive motion alleging lack of standing 

because, procedurally, the motion was filed after the trial court‟s dispositive motion deadline in 

the trial court‟s scheduling order. However, a court‟s scheduling order, like any interlocutory 

order, leaves the court “the discretion to open, amend, reverse, reconsider, or vacate that order at 

any point before final judgment is entered.” Duvall v. Tawney, 323 S.W.3d 804, 807 (Mo. App. 

E.D. 2010). Here, clearly, the trial court reconsidered its dispositive motion deadline, as was its 

discretion to do.

In so doing, the trial court effectively permitted the Groveses to amend their pleadings to 

present their argued defense that the 1984 Will failed to satisfy the time limitation requirements 

 

5 More specifically, and as described more fully in our discussion of Point III, because the will presentment 

statute is not part of Missouri‟s general statutes of limitation, it is a special statute of limitations and, accordingly, is

not subject to the same rules of application as general statutes of limitation. See State ex rel. Bier v. Bigger, 178 

S.W.2d 347, 350 (Mo. banc 1944).
8

of the will presentment statute and must be “forever barred from admission to probate.” See 

§ 473.050.5. The trial court also provided all of the parties an opportunity within which to brief 

the issue. Though the Salvation Army argued to the trial court that it should not permit the latefiled “limitations defense” argument as to proof of the 1984 Will, the trial court exercised its 

discretion to permit it. See Rule 55.33(a) (leave of court to amend pleadings “shall be freely

given when justice so requires”).6 The trial court did not abuse its discretion in entertaining the 

will presentment statute argument, particularly where no new, or even disputed, evidence was 

presented, and instead, the relevant dates were known and agreed upon prior to the filing of the 

Groveses‟ dispositive motion.

Thus, though the Salvation Army cites precedent suggesting that even special statutes of 

limitation constitute “an affirmative defense and must be pleaded as such,” Lomax v. Sewell, 1 

S.W.3d 548, 552 (Mo. App. W.D. 1999), we find this precedent inapposite since, here, the will

presentment statute argument was presented to the trial court in the form of a pleading to the trial 

court prior to final judgment, and the trial court permitted the late-filed defense argument. 

Clearly, “[t]he trial judge has broad discretion to permit the amendment of the pleadings at any 

stage of the proceedings, even after verdict.” Jennings v. Chatsworth Apartments Project Ltd., 

186 S.W.3d 457, 463 (Mo. App. W.D. 2006). As such, the trial court‟s dismissal may be deemed 

to have been in consideration of such amended affirmative defense pleadings, a matter within the 

broad purview of the trial court‟s discretion. With much less formality, the court in Unnerstall—

a post-Webb decision—noted that the will presentment statute argument was raised, not in an 

answer or a motion to dismiss, but “[i]n a letter to the court.” 298 S.W.3d at 517. 

 

6

Similarly, the Rules of Civil Procedure mandate that any such amendment “relates back to the date of the 

original pleading.” Rule 55.33(c).
9

Notwithstanding, the Unnerstall court prohibited the trial court‟s consideration of proof of the 

will that had not been presented within the section 473.050 limitations period. Id. at 520-21.7

Moreover, Rule 55.27(b) authorizes a motion for judgment on the pleadings “[a]fter the 

pleadings are closed but within such time as not to delay the trial.” Here, the relevant dates were 

all contained in the parties‟ pleadings (and the court‟s own docket sheet), so the trial court would 

have been able to examine the parties‟ pleadings to determine noncompliance with section 

473.050, without the need to consider matters outside the pleadings, such that disposition by the 

trial court on this basis would be proper. See In re Marriage of Busch, 310 S.W.3d 253, 259 

(Mo. App. E.D. 2010) (holding that it is not improper for trial court to convert motion to dismiss 

into judgment on the pleadings where the pertinent facts averred in the petition are not disputed 

and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law).

Irrespective of how the procedural posture of the Groveses‟ dispositive motion is viewed, 

no waiver of the will presentment statute has occurred. The trial court possessed the jurisdiction 

and authority to assess the statutory noncompliance associated with presentment of the 1984 Will

and, upon doing so, was authorized and under a duty to evaluate the Salvation Army‟s standing 

in the probate proceeding. Therefore, if the trial court correctly concluded that proof of the 1984 

Will was “forever barred” from the trial court‟s consideration because it was not presented 

within the mandatory statutory framework, its judgment of dismissal for lack of standing was not 

erroneous.

 

7 Notably, in its briefing to this court, the Salvation Army posited that limitation defenses “generally may 

be waived if not raised timely” (citing McCracken v. Wal-Mart Stores, 298 S.W.3d 473, 476 (Mo. banc 2009)), but 

that “the opponent of the purported will in Unnerstall lodged a timely objection to presentment and admission of the 

will.” Thus, the Salvation Army recognizes that “objections” invoking the will presentment statute may take their 

form in documents other than an Answer to a pleading. The key is that the presentment objection is timely lodged to 

the trial court which, in this instance, the trial court concluded—within its discretion—that it was.
10

Here, the dates are undisputed. Decedent died on October 2, 2009. Notice by publication 

of the notice granting letters testamentary (of the 1995 Will) was first given on March 30, 2010. 

The will contest action was filed on September 20, 2010. The first possible date upon which the 

1984 Will could arguably be deemed “presented” was November 17, 2010. Thus, the 1984 Will

was presented nearly eight months after the notice granting letters testamentary and fifty-eight 

days after commencement of the will contest action. These dates are outside the presentment 

requirement of section 473.050.3(1). Clearly, then, the 1984 Will was presented without meeting 

the statutory requirements, and it was properly rejected as evidence in the probate proceeding 

regarding Decedent‟s estate. And without the admission of proof of the 1984 Will as evidence in 

the proceedings below, the Salvation Army possessed no pecuniary interest under the contested 

1995 Will and, accordingly, lacked standing to contest the 1995 Will.

Point I is denied.

II

The Salvation Army‟s second point on appeal is that the trial court erred in denying its 

motion to amend the judgment and for new trial because the Salvation Army enjoyed the 

standing of the heirs, as their assignee. Specifically, both before the trial court and in its point 

relied on and opening appellate briefing to this court, the Salvation Army argued: “Those 

assignments placed The Salvation Army in the Heirs‟ shoes for purposes of prosecuting the will 

contest action.” (Emphasis added.)

As stated earlier, almost a year following the heirs‟ voluntary dismissal with prejudice of 

their claims contesting the 1995 Will, and after the Salvation Army had already been dismissed 

from the action for lack of standing, the Salvation Army obtained assignments from the heirs of 

their rights relating to the heirs‟ will contest claims. The Salvation Army then filed a motion to 
11

amend the judgment, claiming that it did, in fact, have standing, even if not under the 1984 Will, 

as it enjoyed the standing of the heirs; it claimed that the heirs‟ claims contesting the 1995 Will

remained viable despite the heirs‟ previously filed voluntary dismissal with prejudice because the 

heirs‟ voluntary dismissal was ineffective for failure to comply with section 473.083.8. The trial 

court disagreed, concluding that the heirs‟ will contest claims had been lawfully dismissed with 

prejudice, there was thus nothing for the heirs to assign in that regard, and the assignment could 

not operate to give standing to the Salvation Army to contest the 1995 Will. We agree with the 

trial court‟s conclusions.

Section 473.083.8 provides that an action contesting a will that has been admitted to 

probate “may be voluntarily dismissed, after the period of contest has expired, by consent of all 

parties not in default.” The Salvation Army argued, in its motion to amend the judgment or for 

new trial, that: (1) the heirs did not obtain the Salvation Army‟s consent to dismiss their action; 

(2) the Salvation Army was, at the time, a party not in default; and so (3) the voluntary dismissal 

with prejudice was legally ineffective.

The Salvation Army‟s argument ignores the fact that the trial court had, by the time of the 

motion to amend the judgment, determined that the Salvation Army never possessed standing to 

bring its petition challenging the 1995 Will in the first instance, because the Salvation Army 

never possessed a justiciable interest in the 1995 Will. Because the Salvation Army lacked 

standing and was not a proper party at the time the heirs voluntarily dismissed their claims,8the 

 

8 We question whether section 473.083.8 is even implicated where, as here, only the heirs‟ will contest 

claims (which were not brought by or against the Salvation Army and had no impact upon any purported will contest 

claim, action, or proceeding initiated by the Salvation Army) were dismissed. However, we need not decide that 

issue as, instead, we have concluded that the trial court correctly determined that the Salvation Army did not possess 

a justiciable interest in the will contest action and as such cannot be deemed to have been a “party” to that in which 

it had no justiciable interest.
12

Salvation Army was not a “party” whose consent was required for the dismissal to become 

effective.9

On appeal, the Salvation Army also argues that the heirs‟ dismissal was ineffective in that 

the heirs did not obtain the consent of any party (presumably including the Groveses and Bank of 

America). This contention was not submitted to the trial court and is raised for the first time on 

appeal. “[I]t has long been stated that this Court will not, on review, convict a lower court of 

error on an issue which was not put before it to decide.” Lincoln Credit Co. v. Peach, 636 

S.W.2d 31, 36 (Mo. banc 1982) (citing Sch. Dist. of Kansas City v. Smith, 342 Mo. 21, 111 

S.W.2d 167, 168 (1937); Alexander v. Haden, 2 Mo. 211, 212 (1830)). See also Jackson Exch. 

Bank & Trust Co. v. Friedrich (In re Heisserer), 797 S.W.2d 864, 874 (Mo. App. S.D. 1990)

 

9 The Salvation Army cites to Estate of Croom v. Bailey, 107 S.W.3d 457 (Mo. App. S.D. 2003), Clair v. 

Whittaker, 557 S.W.2d 236 (Mo. banc 1977), and Anderson v. Wittmeyer, 834 S.W.2d 780 (Mo. App. W.D. 1992), 

for the proposition that a “proceeding to probate a will . . . is generally regarded as a special proceeding, and it is not 

an „action‟ in the sense in which that word is generally used, and is not a proceeding either at common law or in 

equity, although it is equitable in its nature,” Croom, 107 S.W.3d at 461, and “[a] will contest is an in rem 

proceeding.” Anderson, 834 S.W.2d at 784. From these general comments, the Salvation Army argues that these 

cases support its position that it is not necessary for the Salvation Army to be an “interested person” for purposes of 

its claimed “party” status relating to application of section 473.083. First, there simply is nothing in these cited 

cases that contradicts or ignores the fundamental Supreme Court precedent requiring courts to evaluate a party‟s 

standing before addressing substantive issues of the case, CACH, LLC v. Askew, 358 S.W.3d 58, 61 (Mo. banc 

2012), and additional precedent declaring that a person with standing in a will contest proceeding has been described 

as one who would “either gain or lose under the contested will” (i.e., interested persons), Lopiccolo v. Semar, 890 

S.W.2d 754, 758 (Mo. App. E.D. 1995). Second, the Salvation Army‟s argument simply misconstrues the holding 

in these cases. In Croom, the court merely concluded that there is a difference between those persons or entities that 

are permitted to “present” a will versus those persons or entities that are entitled to participate in the 

“administration” of a will. 107 S.W.3d at 462-63. While the Croom court emphasized that even a person not 

“interested” in the will may “present” a will to the probate court, it took lengths to caution that the actual 

“administration” of the estate is a different affair and that, upon application for letters testamentary, the relevant 

participants were “those persons entitled to letters as set out in section 473.110, thence to interested persons as set 

out in section 473.020.” Id. at 463. Thus, the Salvation Army‟s reliance on Croom is misplaced; Bank of America, 

not the Salvation Army, presented both the 1995 Will and the 1984 Will. The Salvation Army‟s “party” status 

relates to its “interest” in the “administration” of the 1995 Will. In Whittaker, the court expressly restricted its 

analysis by stating, “[t]he instant case is not analogous to a will contest proceeding. Here the sole residuary legatee 

seeks to challenge the validity of certain inter vivos contracts.” 557 S.W.2d at 239. Thus, Whittaker is likewise, by 

its own words, inapposite to the present will contest proceeding. Finally, the import of Anderson was that it 

mattered not whether the relevant “party” was aligned in the case as a party plaintiff or party defendant to the will 

contest. 834 S.W.2d at 784. Anderson said nothing with regard to the topic of whether the “party plaintiff” or 

“party defendant” possessed standing in the proceeding, as standing was not an issue in the case; hence, again, the 

Salvation Army‟s reliance on Anderson is misplaced. It should also be noted that this “party status” argument (like 

a number of the Salvation Army‟s arguments) was not raised below and, instead, is raised for the first time on 

appeal.
13

(“An appellate court will not, on review, convict a trial court of error on an issue which was not 

put before it to decide.”); State ex rel. Mo. Highway & Transp. Comm’n v. Muegge, 842 S.W.2d 

192, 196 (Mo. App. E.D. 1992). “[I]ssues that are not raised in the trial court are waived.” State 

v. Fassero, 256 S.W.3d 109, 117 (Mo. banc 2008) (citing Walker v. Owen, 79 Mo. 563, 568 (Mo. 

1883)). Accordingly, we refuse to consider this contention as a basis for reversing the trial 

court‟s judgment.10

Undeterred on the topic of raising new arguments for the first time on appeal, in its reply

brief to this court, the Salvation Army argues, for the first time, that “[e]ven if the [h]eirs at [l]aw 

properly dismissed their claims, they still have a residual right to the estate regardless of whether 

they can contest the 1995 Will.” This argument was not raised below and is not contained in the 

Salvation Army‟s initial appellant‟s brief or in any of its points relied on. We will not address 

issues raised for the first time in a reply brief. Arch Ins. Co. v. Progressive Cas. Ins. Co., 294 

S.W.3d 520, 524 n.5 (Mo. App. W.D. 2009). Accordingly, we refuse to consider this contention 

as a basis for reversing the trial court‟s judgment.

Point II is denied.

III

The Salvation Army‟s third point on appeal is that the trial court erred in dismissing its 

petition for lack of standing because the time limit prescribed by the presentment statute, section 

473.050, should have been tolled. We disagree.

 

10 We note that the record presented on this contention is silent, underscoring the requirement that issues be 

presented and vetted below so that this court may have a record to intelligently consider the claim of error on appeal. 

That said, there does not appear to be any logic in the suggestion that the Groveses and Bank of America would not 

have consented to the heirs‟ dismissal with prejudice of their will contest claim. Irrespective, the record is not 

developed on this topic and “Rule 81.12(a) provides that the record on appeal shall contain all of the record, 

proceedings and evidence necessary to the determination of all questions to be presented [on appeal].” Citibank 

(S.D.) N.A. v. Edwards, 147 S.W.3d 810, 811 (Mo. App. W.D. 2004) (quoting Bastain v. Brown, 28 S.W.3d 494, 

495 (Mo. App. E.D. 2000)). “Except where conceded as true by the opposing party, statements asserted in a party‟s 

brief that are not supported by the record on appeal supply no basis for appellate review.” Chilton v. Gorden, 952 

S.W.2d 773, 777 (Mo. App. S.D. 1997).
14

Missouri‟s will presentment statute is not part of the general statutes of limitations as it is 

a special limitations statute prohibiting the consideration of proof of a will that fails to comply 

with certain time requirements. Because the will presentment statute is not part of the general 

statutes of limitations, but is a special statute of limitations, it is not subject to the general tolling 

provisions; instead, it is limited to any tolling provisions expressly included within the special 

statute. State ex rel. Bier v. Bigger, 178 S.W.2d 347, 350 (Mo. banc 1944). The Supreme Court, 

in Bier, found no such tolling provisions in the will presentment statute, and thus refused to toll 

the statute, even though the untimely presented will had been fraudulently concealed. Id. This 

conclusion of the Bier decision was recently cited with approval by the Supreme Court in 

Unnerstall, 298 S.W.3d at 520:

“[T]here is no natural or inherent right to dispose of property by will; . . . the state 

has the power to prohibit such disposition entirely, and . . . has the lesser power to 

prescribe the time for probating a will.” [Bier, 178 S.W.2d at 350] (disallowing a 

will not presented for probate within the statute of limitations even though the 

will was concealed fraudulently).

The Bier opinion‟s finding that the presentment statute did not contain any tolling provisions is 

further bolstered by section 473.050.5, which provides that “[a] will not presented for probate 

within the time limitations provided in subsection 3 of this section is forever barred from 

admission to probate within this state.” (Emphasis added.)

The Salvation Army claims that the presentment statute was tolled by the Missouri 

Supreme Court in Bosworth v. Sewell, 918 S.W.2d 773 (Mo. banc 1996). A careful reading of 

Bosworth, however, reveals that the Supreme Court did not conclude that the presentment statute 

was tolled, but that the six-month period for will presentment set forth in section 473.050 never 

began to run, because the personal representative failed to follow all of the mandatory steps that 

“must be followed before the statutory bar of § 473.083 may be exercised.” Id. at 776. 
15

Specifically, in Bosworth, the Court found that the six-month period for presentment of 

competing wills did not begin to run because statutorily required actual notice of the probating of 

the initially presented will was not provided to two heirs at law, who were known or reasonably 

ascertainable to the personal representative, and who alleged, while the estate was still open, that 

they were unaware of the opening of the decedent‟s estate. Id. at 777.

The Salvation Army claims that it, like the heirs in Bosworth, was entitled to actual 

notice of the presentment of the 1995 Will because it was a “devisee” to whom actual notice of 

the issuance of letters testamentary is required in section 473.033. Because it did not receive 

actual notice, it claims that the six-month period should have been tolled, or more appropriately, 

that it did not begin to run, as in Bosworth. However, the Salvation Army was not a devisee of 

the 1995 Will, which was the will presented to the court for admission to probate. The Salvation 

Army cites to no authority that requires a personal representative to send actual notice of the 

issuance of letters testamentary to devisees of a will other than the will being offered for probate. 

Because the Salvation Army was not entitled to actual notice as a devisee under section 473.033, 

Bank of America‟s failure to provide it with actual notice of the 1995 Will does not operate to 

delay the initiation of the running of the six-month period for presentment of competing wills 

under section 473.050 or to “toll” the statute.

The Salvation Army next argues that the period for presentment of the 1984 Will should 

have been tolled due to “administrative delays.” Again, the presentment statute is not a general 

statute of limitations, but a special statute of limitations, and therefore it may only be tolled as 

expressly provided within the provisions of the statute. Bier, 178 S.W.2d at 350. The 

presentment statute says nothing about tolling for “administrative delays” resulting in the delay

of service of a petition to contest a will to the personal representative or to another person who 
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might present a competing will. Surely, if “fraud” is not sufficient to toll the will presentment 

statute, Bier, 178 S.W.2d at 350, neither are claimed “administrative delays.”

Point III is denied.

Conclusion

For all of the above-stated reasons, the judgment of the trial court dismissing the 

Salvation Army‟s petition challenging the 1995 Will is affirmed.

Mark D. Pfeiffer, Judge

Cynthia L. Martin, Presiding Judge, and

Karen King Mitchell, Judge, concur.