# Greenwaste	Compost	Site

Emissions	Reductions	from Solar‐powered	Aeration	and Biofilter	Layer

Report	from	the	contract	team

5/14/2013

Funded by and prepared for the San Joaquin Valley Technology Advancement Program

### 1 | Page 

## Table of Contents

Abstract

............................................................................................................................... .......................... 2

Acknowledgements

............................................................................................................................... .... 3

Required Statement

............................................................................................................................... ....... 3

Executive Summary

............................................................................................................................... ........ 3

Introduction

............................................................................................................................... ................... 6

The Technology Advancement Program

................................................................................................... 8

Project Components

............................................................................................................................... ...... 9

Conveyorization of the construction of the eASP

..................................................................................... 9

Moisture management

........................................................................................................................... 12

Feedstock

............................................................................................................................... ................. 14

Aeration System

............................................................................................................................... ....... 15

Photovoltaic System

............................................................................................................................... 18

Temperatures and pathogen reduction

.................................................................................................. 20

Curing and testing

............................................................................................................................... .... 21

Diesel Emissions Reductions

....................................................................................................................... 24

Land Use Reductions

............................................................................................................................... .... 25

Discussion

............................................................................................................................... .................... 26

Conclusions

............................................................................................................................... .................. 28

List of Appendices

............................................................................................................................... ........ 29

### 2 | Page 

## Abstract

This project was proposed as a technology development and testing project to evaluate an innovative

extended aerated static pile (eASP) compost system design at commercial scale. The purpose was to

determine whether the innovative design could produce compost of acceptable quality while reducing

air emissions. The eASP was compared to standard windrow composting conducted at the same facility

using the same feedstock. The eASP was tested in a single selected configuration; therefore, the results

of this project do not establish optimal operational parameters, such as blower speeds or water

application rates, but results are sufficient to establish proof of concept.

A prototype commercial

‐ scale Aerated Static Pile (ASP) compost system was built using electric

conveyors in place of diesel trucks and loaders. Three ASPs were built abutting each other to create an

extended design which we define as an eASP. The eASP piles were deeper and wider than a typical

windrow, were placed on a foundation of aeration tubing and chipped material, and were capped with a

1

‐ foot

‐ thick layer of finished, unscreened compost acting as a biofilter layer or “compost cap.” The

three static piles of the eASP were aerated using power provided by an on

‐ site photovoltaic array. The

intent of this design was to take advantage of emissions reductions previously demonstrated by

biofilters and ASPs with a design footprint more similar to existing windrow methods.

Windrows of identical greenwaste feedstock and of industry typical dimensions were created nearby

with a loader and turned with a diesel

‐ powered mechanical turner, which is the normal method of

composting in much of the United States. No biofilter caps were applied to the windrow, as that is not

the normal practice at this facility, nor is it required by air district regulation.

A series of three ASP zones and three windrows were built approximately one week apart. This allowed

the in

‐ the

‐ field measurement period to be shorter while still collecting measurements representative of

the full 22 day active composting period. Emissions of VOCs, ammonia and greenhouse gases from both

sets of piles were sampled using the USEPA

‐ approved flux chamber method, as modified for composting

emissions by the South Coast Air Quality Management District. Emissions reductions from reduced

diesel use were calculated by using the estimated time necessary to accomplish standard tasks,

multiplied by the allowable tailpipe emissions for equipment normally found at commercial scale

composting sites, such as trucks and loaders.

The comparison of emissions from the 22

‐ day active composting phase between the eASP and standard

windrows demonstrated emissions reductions by the eASP of 99% for total non

‐ methane, non

‐ ethane

VOCs, 70% for ammonia (average of field and lab), 88% for nitrous oxide, and 13% for methane. The

overall reduction for CO2 equivalents was nearly 65%. Diesel use in pile construction and active

‐ phase

management was 87% less for the eASP system, with commensurate reductions in criteria pollutant

emissions associated with diesel fuel combustion. Water used during the composting process was

reduced by 20%, and land necessary for active

‐ phase composting is calculated to be reduced by 55.5%.

### 3 | Page Samples of finished compost at 30 days of composting from the eASP and standard windrows were

sent to an accredited laboratory for industry

‐ standard testing. Maturity and stability of the eASP

materials were equal to or better than their windrow counterparts.



## Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District under Agreement C

‐

15636 and consisted of the following team:

 Ross Badertscher, SJVUAPCD, grant manager

 Kevin Barnes, City of Bakersfield, conveyorization and diesel/water use calculations

 Tom Card, consultant, emissions calculations

 David Crohn, UC Riverside, science advisor

 John Jones, Harvest Power, compost site manager

 Robert Horowitz, CalRecycle: principal study author

 Peter Moon, O2 Compost, eASP design and solar array specification

 Dan Noble, Association of Compost Producers: project manager

 Chuck Schmidt, consultant: emissions study design and sampling

Special thanks to Brian Stalker, Elena Yates and Janelle Auyeung: CalRecycle; Paul Sellew, Wayne Davis,

Antonio Cardenas, Samuel Villalobos, Alex Rivera, Velente Rivera: Harvest Power; Harold Ruppert and

Derrick Santos, O2 Compost, and the City of Bakersfield.



## Required Statement

The statements and conclusions in this report are those of the Contractor and not necessarily those of

the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District or its employees. The mention of commercial

products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as

actual or implied endorsement of such products.



## Executive Summary

A prototype extended Aerated Static Pile (eASP) composting process was assembled and operated to

test both ability to produce quality compost and to quantify air emissions. EASP differ from ASP only in

that consecutive zones are laid alongside each other along the long axis. The eASP utilized ambient air

blown into the pile from the bottom; the blowers were powered by photovoltaic panels and associated

batteries. The eASP had a biofiltration layer added to the surface as an air pollution control measure. A

series of compost windrows were built concurrent with the eASP using the same feedstock. The air

emissions from the eASP were compared to the on

‐ site measured air emissions of the current industry

‐
standard windrow composting method.

Emissions were measured using the standard methods and techniques used for San Joaquin Valley Air

Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) regulatory compliance. This includes the use of the USEPA flux

### 4 | Page chamber as modified under South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1133, and

analysis using SCAQMD Method 25.3 and 207.1. In addition to these traditional methods, nitrous oxide

(N2O) was measured using NIOSH 6600 and organic species were measured using USEPA TO

‐ 15.

Table ES

‐ 1 provides a summary of the emissions using the emission factor of pounds of pollutant

emitted per ton of compost mix in the pile or windrow over the 22

‐ day active composting period, as
specified by SJVUAPCD Rule 4566. VOC reductions of 98.8% were achieved when compared to the

control windrows. Reductions in ammonia emissions were 83% using tubes in the field, and 53% from

the laboratory, when the eASP was compared to the control windrows. Reductions in emissions of

greenhouse gases ranged from 13% for methane up to nearly 89% for N2O for the eASP system when

compared to the controls.

Table ES

‐ 1: Results of emissions testing in pounds of pollutant per ton of feedstock over the 22

‐ day active

composting period.



### To normalize the analysis of windrow (on

‐ site control) emissions being higher than expected, project

results were also compared to adopted emissions factors from the SJVUAPCD and the SCAQMD.

Table ES

‐ 2: VOC emissions reductions from 22

‐ day active composting in pounds of pollutant per ton of materials

using eASP system compared to emissions factors adopted by SJVUAPCD and SCAQMD.



### As with any composting emissions test, sampling opportunities seem limited when compared to the vast

size of the composting piles and the time necessary to complete the composting process. A total of 92

samples were taken, including 84 samples and 8 quality control blanks. Sampling during the composting

cycle ranged from day 3

‐ to

‐ day 23 for the eASP and day 2

‐ to

‐ day 29 for control windrows. For the eASP,

pre

‐ planned sampling locations were demarcated on top of all three zones to ensure those locations

were neither walked upon nor perforated with the temperature probe. Because each sampling event

takes approximately two hours, and the eASP blowers were set to operate two minutes out of every 20,

eASP sampling included multiple blower

‐ on and blower

‐ off cycle conditions.

### 5 | Page An additional sample was taken of a 63

‐ day

‐ old windrow. It was later revealed that this windrow

contained a significant amount of food waste. Those data are reported in the appendices.

22

‐ day emissions were graphed to look for differences in air emission for key target species over the

composting cycle. Total non

‐ methane non

‐ ethane organic carbon emissions for the control windrows

followed established trends; an initial spike followed by rapid decline. The eASP emissions line is nearly

flat. Methane emissions from both the eASP and the windrow are greatest toward the middle of the

active compost period, while N20 emissions from both piles tend to increase toward the end.

Graph ES

‐ 1: Time

‐ series comparison of methane (CH4) emissions between the eASP and control windrows. Methane is an

important greenhouse gas with a climate warming potential no less than 21 times greater than carbon dioxide

.

### 6 | Page Graph ES

‐ 2: Time

‐ series comparison of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions between the eASP and control windrows. Nitrous oxide

is an important greenhouse gas with a climate warming potential no less than 298 times greater than carbon dioxide.



### Total emissions and emissions per ton of feedstock were also calculated for 30

‐ day and 60

‐ day cycles.

60

‐ day results for the eASP are necessarily extrapolated beyond day 23. 30

‐ day totals require much less

extrapolation. A complete accounting for all emissions testing is reported in Appendices A and B. In

general, the longer calculation periods show greater benefits from using the eASP, particularly with

regard to methane; VOC reduction benefits are virtually unchanged. These calculations and graphs are

available in Appendix A.

Reductions in diesel use were calculated for pile construction and management during the active phase.

For windrows this includes mechanized turning, but the eASP was not turned for the first 30 days. The

overall reduction in diesel use was 87%. A commensurate 87% reduction in criteria pollutants from

diesel emissions was also calculated. These data and calculations are discussed further in the body of

the report as well as in Appendix C.

Water use reductions were also calculated. The initial watering of ASP feedstock and 30

‐ days of timed

sprinkling of the eASPs used approximately 20 percent less water than the traditional windrows, which

were watered by a 4,000

‐ gallon watering truck with a sprayer on the back. For a theoretical 100,000 ton

per year facility, this would save about one million gallons of water per year, with commensurate GHG

reductions from eliminating the water truck fuel use. These calculations are discussed in the body of the

report.

EASP piles can be built wider and taller than windrows, which can be no larger than the largest windrow

turning machine on site. This gives the piles a smaller surface area, potentially reducing both

evaporation and emissions. Larger piles can also reduce the amount of land needed for a composting

operation, thereby reducing costs to purchase land or to build working pads. For active composting, we

calculate the EASP system can accommodate approximately 3,552 tons of material per acre, while a
typical windrow system would handle around 1,580 tons per acre, an advantage of 55% for the eASP.



## Introduction

The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) is an extreme non

‐ attainment area for ground

‐ level ozone, according to the

United States Clean Air Act 8

‐ hour ozone standard. Air quality officials in the SJV must reduce ozone

precursors such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) as expeditiously as
practical, as technologically feasible, and as economically reasonable. The SJV is home to numerous

commercial

‐ scale composting facilities that process urban organic wastes, including several that handle

more than 100,000 tons of feedstock per year and one that handles more than 500,000 tons annually.

Two large facilities import compostable feedstock from other air basins, including Los Angeles to the

south and the San Francisco Bay Area, to the northwest. Because the SJV contains extensive agricultural

operations, a local market exists for the finished compost products. The finished compost products are
applied to farm fields generally less than 25 miles from the composting site, providing a source of

nutrients and organic matter for SJV farmers and nourishing some of the most productive farmland on

Earth.

### 7 | Page During the natural process of organic degradation, compost piles emit VOCs. The SJV has a large

inventory of man

‐ made and natural VOCs and a much smaller inventory of NOx emissions. Ozone

production in the SJV is considered “NOx limited” because of the lesser amount of NOx. Internal

combustion engines, including heavy duty diesel engines, are the SJV’s primary source of NOx. When

mixed with VOCs, NOx forms ground level ozone, particularly in the presence of the strong sunlight

which blankets the SJV more than 300 days a year.

To facilitate a regional approach to air pollution problems, seven California Counties and part of an
eighth county joined to form the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District (the District),

which covers more than 25,000 square miles from Stockton to Bakersfield. In 2011, the District adopted

Rule 4566, which seeks to reduce emissions from commercial composting facilities. Existing composting

facilities in the SJV were required to adopt a series of Best Management Practices which are scaled

based on a facility’s annual throughput.

Because it is an extreme non

‐ attainment area for ozone, any new facility in the SJV emitting more than

10 tons of VOC per year is classified as a Major Stationary Source. Using the SJV’s life

‐ cycle composting

emissions factor of 5.71 pounds of VOCs per ton of composting feedstock, a facility handling less than

4,000 tons per year would be considered a Major Stationary Source. Per Title 1 of the Federal Clean Air

Act, all new major sources must go through New Source Review in order to be permitted to operate.

This means that all new composting facilities in the SJV must implement Best Available Control

Technologies (BACT) that reduce VOC emissions from materials handling and the composting process.

BACT specifications for new compost facilities have not yet been determined. The impact of New Source

Review has been to stifle the growth of new composting facilities in the SJV, as the current cost of VOC

reduction systems exceeds the ability to recoup those costs through tipping fees and finished product

sales. Composting facilities cannot raise tipping fees without losing feedstock to lower

‐ cost

alternatives, such as landfilling or direct land application.

In 2011, the California Legislature passed AB 341 (Chapter 476, statutes of 2011), which requires the

State to achieve a 75% solid waste recycling, composting and reuse rate by 2020. The California

Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) is charged with coordinating efforts to

reach that goal. According to CalRecycle, organic materials

‐‐ in particular food

‐‐ comprise up to 50% of

the remaining disposed waste stream. Therefore, the 75% goal will not be attainable without more

composting facilities.

Large facilities in the SJV and around North America manage materials in windrows: long, narrow piles

that can be as much as 20 feet wide, 8 feet tall, and hundreds or even more than 1000 feet long.

Windrows are turned using a specialized machine called a windrow turner, which straddles the pile; the

exact height and width of the windrows are determined by the size of the turning machine. All windrow

turning machines are powered by diesel engines, with 450

‐ 600 horsepower being typical engine sizes for

moderate to large machines. Generally, piles are built using diesel trucks and bucket loaders.

According to California regulation (14 CCR, Section 17868.3), compost piles must reach a temperature of

131 degrees Fahrenheit in order to reduce pathogens. Windrows must maintain that temperature for

### 8 | Page 15 days, during which the pile must be turned at least five times in order to ensure all materials in the

windrow reach temperature. Static piles with an insulation layer at least 6 inches thick only need to

attain that temperature for three days. Although attainment of pathogen destruction may occur any

time during the composting process, it typically occurs early in the cycle, to ensure feedstocks have

sufficient energy to meet the temperatures requirement. Most operators report turning piles 8

‐ 10

times during a complete compost process of between 60 to 90 days. Previous research indicates that

the vast majority of composting emissions occur during the first three weeks of the composting process,

hence the focus on “active phase” composting in Rule 4566 and in this research project. Per Rule 4566,

several SJV compost facilities are required to put a fresh blanket of finished compost on top of a

windrow following all turns during the first 22 days. Compost caps are effective on windrows, but

applying so many caps is both labor and diesel intensive.



## The Technology Advancement Program

The TAP program is administered by the San Joaquin Valleywide Air Pollution Study Agency (the Study

Agency), which was “formed to commission and administer scientifically sound air quality studies to

improve understanding of the contributing factors and conditions that result in poor air quality in our

local area and in the surrounding areas of central California and to develop technical tools for use by

decision makers to guide the development of policies, procedures, plans, rules and regulations

necessary to fulfill the state and federal air quality mandates.” The Study Agency is a Joint Powers

Authority with its fiscal authority vested in a governing board.

In 2011 the Study Agency put out a Request for Proposals for the Technology Advancement Program

with the objective to “demonstrate new and innovative emission reduction technologies that have the

potential for broad applicability in the San Joaquin Valley.” A portion of the available funding comes

from collaboration with the USEPA’s Clean Air Technology Initiative.

Specifically, the RFP sought “projects that demonstrate bold, innovative, and creative new emission

reduction technologies” in three areas, renewable energy, waste solutions and mobile sources. The

accepted proposal met all three criteria in the following ways:

 Focus Area I: Renewable Energy—This demonstration project proposed to overcome the barrier

to utilizing renewable energy by installing solar energy/storage systems to power air blower

motors to be used to aerate static compost piles, and to maintain aeration throughout the high

‐

emissions active

‐ composting phase.

 Focus Area II: Waste Solutions—Project used technology which had not been operationally

demonstrated on a commercial scale, to minimize VOC and GHG emissions from existing

compost production systems and processes. This technology was non

‐ proprietary and created

with components which should be available to any compost operator, thereby reducing costs of

emissions reductions.

 Focus Area III: Mobile Sources—Project demonstrated the replacement of large diesel

‐ powered

compost loaders with electric powered conveyors, and demonstrated replacing diesel

‐ powered

### 9 | Page composting windrow turners with solar powered air blowers to reduce particulate matter and

NOX emissions from those sources on compost operations in the San Joaquin Valley.

This project included construction of three abutted aerated static piles, each with its own aeration

manifold and photovoltaic powered blower. This type of ASP System is referred to as an Extended

Aerated Static Pile (eASP). In addition to the expected air emissions benefits and reducing the use of

diesel power during the composting process, three key benefits of this approach include: 1) smaller foot

‐ print and therefore a greater production capacity for a given compost pad; 2) reduced exposure to the

elements; and 3) improved retention of process heat.



## Project Components

Conveyorization of the construction of the eASP

Construction of windrows or static compost piles is traditionally done with diesel truck and loaders.

We built the eASP using electric

‐ powered conveyors. The heart of the system was an electric

‐ powered

potato piler. Pilers are used for placing harvested potatoes into storage sheds. This potato piler had the

ability to move the terminal end of the conveyor left and right up to 57 feet, as well as up and down

approximately 27 feet. The terminal end of the piler also telescopes up to 18 feet. These maneuvers

are accomplished using a remote joystick, much like a video game. This adaptability allows for the

anchoring of one end of the piler, and connection to intermediate conveyors, while constructing a pile

which was up to 35 feet wide and as much as 10 feet tall. It also allows for the feedstock to be

switched after the base pile is formed, to allow for application of the one

‐ foot

‐ thick pseudo

‐ biofilter

compost cap made from finished, unscreened compost atop the entire surface of the previously

constructed pile.

The potato piler is on wheels, and the spacing of those wheels allows for the pile to be set up within the

aeration piping for the pile, and wheeled backward when needed, along with the rest of the electric

conveyor train. The 90

‐ foot

‐ long eASP zones were constructed in three stages of about 30’ each, then

the conveyor train was rolled backward and the process of constructing the pile and placing the cap
layer began anew.

The potato piler used in this experiment (Double L Manufacturing, Model 811) was smaller than some

models used in the potato industry. The belt width was 30 inches and the rated capacity was 225 tons

per hour. A commercial composting set up would likely use the largest available model, with a belt

width of 42 inches. If the methodology described in this report were widely adopted, manufacturers of

potato pilers might be persuaded to create composting

‐ specific machines, which might feature larger

wheels, wider belts, higher throughputs, and built in water sprayers at the terminus to ensure materials

are properly moistened during pile construction. The smaller device was the only unit available locally

for rent, because potatoes are not an important crop in the SJV. Larger devices would have needed to

be shipped down from potato growing regions, and shipped back in time for the fall harvest, an added

expense and constraint.

### 10 | Page Photo 1: Potato piler at or near full extension. Pile under construction in foreground. Plenum material and

aeration pipes are partially visible.



### One problem encountered early on was the ability to match the output of the grinder with the capacity

of the conveyance system. In a professionally engineered system, these would be balanced. In this

case, the conveyors and potato piler were smaller than optimal. In addition, the existing on

‐ site grinder

at the Tulare compost site was designed for high

‐ volume throughput, and the output was not variable.

It was clear that the available grinder would overwhelm the conveyors. Because larger conveyors and

pilers were not available, a decision was made to rent a slow

‐ speed, variable output shredder. Although

the shredder was able to keep a steady stream of materials on the conveyors, volume was slower than

ideal, and eASP construction took most of the day.

At 446 horsepower, the shredder has an engine half as large as the typical grinders found at large

composting sites. This particular unit, the Komptech Crambo 5000, was certified ARB Tier 4. The

variable output solved the problem of matching grinder output to conveyance. Although there are

emissions savings from moving to a smaller horsepower engine, those are beyond the purview of this

project. This would be a moot point in an operation that uses electric powered grinders.

### 11 | Page Grinders are essential equipment at compost operations, and it was not a goal of this project to replace

the grinder. The same slow

‐ speed shredder was used to prepare the feedstock for both the eASP and

the windrows. Any composting operation that receives raw feedstock will still need to grind their

materials. Electric grinders are becoming more commonplace, as greater emission reductions are

needed

Conveyors and the potato piler can run off whatever voltage is available on site. 480 volt AC power is

the most efficient and commonly used in potato storage and at compost facilities that have electrified

their grinders. In this case, the conveyors were run off a diesel

‐ powered generator. In a permanent

setup, conveyors and pilers would be run off of the electric grid. The generator was equipped with a

meter to measure electricity usage.

Also rented was an excavator to feed the shredder. This could also have been accomplished with

loaders. Although the excavator is a large piece of equipment, its engine is generally smaller than those

found in loaders. This is because loaders drive to and fro, while excavators can stay in one place and

swing only their boom. Again, there must be a means to move materials into the grinder/shredder. It

was not a focus of this project to calculate emissions reductions from using an excavator for this

purpose, but it was an opportunity to model an optimum equipment configuration.

Photo 2: Complete conveyor train. Material discharged from the shredder, far right, falls into a specially

constructed hopper on the intermediate conveyor, and then is deposited into the hopper of the potato piler, center.

From here the materials are carried upward and across the potato piler before being discharged at the far left,

### 12 | Page where the piler is being operated by joystick. This is the very early morning of the first pile build. Plenum materials

in foreground.



## Moisture management

Moisture management was another key challenge identified early in the process. Because the eASP

would not be disturbed for the entire 22

‐ day active compost phase, there would be no way to deliver

moisture into the core of the pile. Due to the action of the aeration system, as well as the hot and dry

summer SJV climate, water would be needed to prevent the drying out of the eASP, which could slow

the compost process or potentially lead to excessive heat buildup and fire.

An early idea to embed drip tape within the pile, just above the aeration pipes, was deemed unfeasible.

Instead, a two

‐ pronged approach was taken. The first phase was to wet all feedstocks during the eASP

build. This was accomplished by the addition of a moisture system to the discharge of the potato piler.

The system consisted of two 1 1⁄4” nozzles attached to a 1 1⁄2”inch diameter water hose. The resulting

system sprayed water at both sides of the feedstock discharge chute. The water was pumped out of the

back of the on

‐ site, 4,000

‐ gallon water truck. In a real production scenario, the water truck would be

eliminated by plumbing a flexible water supply to the piler conveyor.

Photo 3: Water sprayer system wetting composting feedstock as they are discharged from the potato piler.

### 13 | Page The second half of the moisture solution was to design a series of sprinklers which would be placed on

top of the eASP and run off a timer. One irrigation “sled” was used for every 30’ of eASP length.

Because of the time of year and the excessively hot conditions, the sprinklers were run on a cycle of an

average of six minutes per cycle, six times per day. The sprinklers were successful in keeping the top of

the eASP moist. Because the aeration system tends to blow the water back up to the top, it was not

clear how deep the water penetrated; however, field investigations indicated the water was seeping

down more than two feet.

Rain gauges were used on the top of the eASP zones to measure the amount of water delivered, and as

the basis for adjustment. The water delivered ranged from 1

‐ 5” per day, depending on location and

timing of the irrigation system. Over and under

‐ watering was a challenge in this project. An average of

approximately 3” per day would likely be ideal, depending on the moisture content of the original

feedstock and ambient conditions.

In this project, the combination of feedstock which were not uniformly wet, and occasional over

‐ watering, caused the pile to weep water at the lower end. A French drain was constructed to capture

that water and re

‐ introduce it to the piles. A run off capture system should be an integral part of any

eASP composting system.

Despite the potential that the eASPs were over

‐ watered, actual water use for the eASP was nearly 17%

less than a comparable windrow system per cubic yard of feedstock. Potential reasons for this include a

lower ratio of surface area to pile volume, and the lack of turning, which tends to cause a visible spike in

evaporation.

Table 1: Comparison of water use between eASP and traditional windrow method as modified by SJVUAPCD Rule

4566.

### 14 | Page At 2 cubic yards per ton, a 100,000 ton

‐ per

‐ year facility would save a minimum of 1 million gallons of

water annually using the eASP system. Using the ARB estimate of 1.5 thousand tons of CO2 equivalents

(MTCO2e) for every acre foot of water saved in California, the potential GHG savings is slightly more

than 4.5 MTCO2e per 100,000 tons of feedstock. These savings are probably underestimated at

compost facilities, where water tends to be delivered via 400

‐ 500 hp, 4,000

‐ gallon diesel water trucks.

The savings rise, both in terms of water and GHG, when one considers the inefficiencies inherent in the

water truck system, including water loss when filling the truck and water running off the sides of the

windrows. The water at this composting site, and many others, is pumped from a well. GHG

equivalents are generally higher for groundwater than the statewide average; however, this depends on

the depth and flow of the well. If the well is powered by a diesel pump, criteria pollutants are reduced

when less water is used.

The water use reductions provided in Table 1 are provided as an Excel Spreadsheet in Appendix H.

Photo 4: Irrigation sleds wetting top of prototype eASP. Note ‐ test areas cordoned off for air emissions sampling.



## Feedstock

Feedstock for this project consisted of municipally sourced greenwaste from the Visalia

‐ Tulare area.

Effort was made to get the freshest possible greenwaste feedstock for the project. The feedstock used

### 15 | Page arrived at the facility the day before the pile

‐ building events. After the materials were tipped, they were
spread out and handpicked for large trash or hazardous materials, then brought to the grinding area.

The same protocol is used for all feedstock at this site.

During pile construction, the team from O2 Compost measured bulk density and water

‐ holding pore

space using bucket tests which are standard in the composting business. Moisture percentage of the

feedstock was measured using a simple postage scale and an electric heat gun to dry the materials. The

materials are weighed wet, and then are dried and weighed until the sample weight stabilizes. The

process takes more than one hour to complete. Composite grab samples were taken for each zone
constructed, and sent to a laboratory to measure carbon

‐ to

‐ nitrogen ratio on a dry and wet basis.

The overall parameters of the starting feedstock mix for the three zones are as follows.

Table 2: Parameters for the starting eASP compost feedstock.



### Laboratory tests for the initial C:N measurements are available in Appendix F.



## Aeration System

Each of the three ASP zones had its own blower, manifold and pipes. The aeration piping was standard

4” drain pipes, such as can be purchased at any hardware store. These white PVC pipes come in

standard 10’ sections and are flanged on one end so they may easily be attached. There are two kinds

of pipes, perforated and not perforated. Each aeration line starts and finishes with 10 feet of non

‐ perforated pipe, so air does not leak out from the sides of the piles. In between were seven sections of

perforated pipe, with the holes pointed down. Each pipe section is tacked to the ones before and after

using one screw, to ensure they are not pulled apart during pile construction. The aeration pipes were

buried in a plenum of coarse

‐ ground wood chips approximately 1 foot deep. The use of chips ensures

the air coming out of the perforated pipes is not blocked by dense material compacted by the weight of

the pile

### 16 | Page The standard manifold for each ASP branches off to four 90’ long aeration pipes, each five feet apart.

The manifold was constructed of 6” diameter PVC sewer pipe, again, standard at most large hardware

stores. These pipes are green and are also sold in 10’ sections. For this project, the pipes were cut with

a hand saw to construct the manifold. Standard T and elbow connections were used to assemble the

pieces, and were tapped together using a rubber mallet. The 6” sewer pipe was stepped down to the 4”

sewer pipe using standard connectors. The blower was connected to the manifold using a rubber

fitting, which was purchased from the blower vendor.

With every Aerated Static Pile (ASP) Compost System, a key design objective is to provide uniform

airflow across the base of the pile (side to side and end to end). The aeration zone is located beneath

the core of the pile and consists of perforated pipe overlain by a layer of coarse woody material

(referred to as the “plenum layer”). As the ASP System is constructed, the aeration zone is sealed on all

sides by the overlying mix of materials to prevent short

‐ circuiting of airflow to the atmosphere.

When the aeration blower turns on, the plenum layer pressurizes; the air first flows laterally across the

base of the pile and then vertically up through the compost mix. By controlling the frequency and

duration of airflow, the operator is able to maintain aerobic conditions throughout the pile and optimize

the biology of the composting process.

For this project, each zone was aerated using independent solar powered blowers. Each system included

a pair of photovoltaic panels, charge controller, inverter, batteries, and a 1.5 hp 3

‐ phase blower).

Photo 5: Completed aeration manifold showing 6” pipes, connectors and step down to 4” pipes. The blower is protected

inside the modified trash container.

### 17 | Page Photo 6: View of project with completed eASP zone 1 on right, and aeration pipes in place for Zone 2. Zone 1 photovoltaic

system is complete; panels are in place for Zone 2.



### Two sets of field tests were conducted on each of the three aeration manifolds to confirm that: 1) the

airflow was balanced within the aeration system; and 2) sufficient air volume was delivered to the

compost mix. These tests evaluated static pressure and airflow velocity. For the two tests, 3/8

‐ inch

diameter holes were drilled into the PVC aeration manifold at five junctions (pressure and velocity) and

at the down

‐ stream ends of each of the four lateral aeration pipes (pressure only). Figure 1 provides a

schematic drawing of one aeration system to illustrate the layout of the aeration pipes and the locations

for the two sets of tests.

### 18 | Page Figure 1: Schematic of an ASP manifold system, with the blower and manifold at the left and testing locations noted

with blue dots and red numbers.



### The pressure at nine different locations in each of the three aeration systems was determined using a
magnehelic pressure gauge. The velocity of airflow was determined using a hot

‐ wire anemometer. An

example of each monitoring device is shown below.

Photo 7: Magnehelic pressure gauge and hot

‐ wire anemometer.

Table 3: Results of pressure and velocity tests for all 3 eASP zones. Velocity readings are not taken at the ends of

the aeration lines (sites 6

‐ 9).



### These test results confirmed that uniform airflow and sufficient air volume was delivered to the EASP

System to meet the objectives of the project.



## Photovoltaic System

Recent advances in photovoltaic (PV) technology make powering small motors at remote locations more

feasible than ever before. The blower motors weigh about 90 pounds, and produce a maximum of 1.5

horsepower each. The blowers run directly from the four deep

‐ cycle flooded lead acid batteries which Extended Aerated Static Pile 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Pressure (in

‐ sp) 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3

Velocity (ft / min) 3200 2100 1950 1900 2200

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

Pressure (in

‐ sp) 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.7

Velocity (ft / min) 2600 2200 1850 2100 800

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐

Pressure (in

‐ sp) 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

Velocity (ft / min) 3300 1700 1750 1800 2100

‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

### 19 | Page were placed inside the white cabinets. The PV panels charge the batteries. The white cabinets also

contain the inverter, which converts the direct current power produced by the panel into alternating

current, as well as the timers, switches and the wiring harness, which limited the electrical operations in

the field to basically a plug

‐ and

‐ play situation.

Specifications of the major components of each individual PV system are as follows:

Item Manufacturer Model Specification

Panels Astroenergy CHSM 6612

‐ 290
Crystalline PV module 290 watt, 24 volt DC panel; 2 per

zone

Inverter Samlex Pure Sine Wave SA

2000K

‐ 124 Converts 24 Volts DC to 2000 watts

AC power at 120 Volts, 60 Hz
Charge Controller Samlex PR 3030 30 amp, 12 or 24 volt, fully
programmable with LCD display

Batteries U.S. Battery AGM L16 390 amp hour 6V; 4 per zone

Blower New York Blower Compact GI 105 1.5 max HP; 3500 max rpm.

Table 4: Major components of the photovoltaic array.



### The full PV systems were specified by O2 Compost and shipped to the site by Automation Electric and

Controls of Mt. Vernon, Washington. The arrays were assembled on site by the study team. The hard

cost for the complete units, including panels, batteries, inverter, timers, switches and blowers, as well as

all piping, was about $10,000 each.

The PV panels were mounted on specially constructed aluminum frames. The frames were bolted to

standard 4 x 4 wooden posts with lag screws. The posts were nailed to standard concrete/metal

footings available at any hardware store. The panels were angled 45 degrees to the south. Because the

summer sun in the SJV is so strong, and there was no shade at the site, it was not necessary for the

panels to track the movement of the sun, or to match the angle of the panels with the angle of the sun.

These steps may be necessary for winter operations.

### 20 | Page Photo 8: Interior of the power array box. From bottom to top: batteries, inverter, timer and switches, and exhaust fan at very

top. From left to right: Harold Ruppert and Peter Moon of 02 Compost, and Kevin Barnes, City of Bakersfield.



### The blowers were cycled to operate 2 minutes out of every 20, easily achievable with summer sunlight

in California. The only problem with the PV system concerned the small exhaust fan which was used to

cool the components inside the white metal cabinet. August 2012 was an extremely hot month in the

southern SJV, with nominal daytime temperatures above 100 degrees F nearly every day the project was

in operation. This caused the exhaust fan to work overtime, drawing down the batteries. The

thermostat on the exhaust fan ultimately had to be raised to its maximum level, potentially exposing the

batteries and inverter to damaging heat buildup. Although the system continued to function throughout

the life of the project, the batteries were degraded. For a permanent system, care should be given to

place sensitive electronics in the shade.



## Temperatures and pathogen reduction

Section 17868.3 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations sets minimum temperature standards

for pathogens reductions during composting. These standards, known as PFRP, are as follows:

 If the operation or facility uses a windrow composting process, active compost shall be maintained under

aerobic conditions at a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher for a
pathogen reduction period of 15 days or longer. During the period when the compost is maintained at 55

degrees Celsius or higher, there shall be a minimum of five (5) turnings of the windrow.

 If the operation or facility uses an aerated static pile composting process, all active compost shall be

covered with 6 to 12 inches of insulating material, and the active compost shall be maintained at a

### 21 | Page temperature of 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher for a pathogen reduction period of

3 days.



### These temperature standards are backed up by pathogen testing at the end of the curing stage, before

finished compost may be sold.

A five

‐ foot long temperature probe was purchased in order to take temperature readings.

Temperatures for the eASP were taken at three different depths (2’, 3’ and 5’ down) and at two

locations on the pile. For control windrows, temperatures were taken at two locations per pile. Control

windrows were turned on the operator’s regular turning schedule, but were not turned on the basis of

the age of any individual control.

Graph 1: Comparison of temperature readings between eASP and windrow over 22

‐ day active composting period.



### All eASP and control windrows met or exceeded state minimum temperature requirements for

pathogen reduction. On average, eASPs ran hotter than windrows in this experiment. This is likely due

to the larger pile size and the thick blanket of finished compost, both of which tend to hold in heat. Full

temperature data is available in Appendix G.



## Curing and testing

All eASP zones and windrows were allowed to compost for 30 days. At 30 days, composite samples

were taken of each eASP zone and control windrow using the process described in California regulations

(14 CCR, Section 17868.1) and were sent to Soil Control Laboratories in Watsonville, CA. Soil Control

### 22 | Page Labs is one of two laboratories in California approved by the U.S. Compost Council’s Seal of Testing

Assurance (STA) program. The program was created in 2000 by the leading compost research scientists

in the United States. The science behind the development of the STA Program and the various tests that

are used is contained in ‘Test Methods for the Examination of Composting & Compost’, a publication

which includes a suite of physical, chemical and biological tests. STA testing can be performed by a

group of independent, certified labs across the U.S. and Canada.

Results of the 30

‐ day STA testing are below.

Table 5: Comparison of 30

‐ day laboratory results for all three eASP zones and control windrows.



### In order to reach maturity, the compost process generally needs to run 60 days or more. So it comes as

no surprise that all 30

‐ day

‐ old samples show an immature product. In nearly all maturity

measurements, however, the eASP appears to be slightly more mature or more stable than its windrow

counterpart, despite the lack of turning. In terms of CO2 evolution

‐‐ the stability measurement

‐‐ the

eASP is superior in all 3 pairings. Therefore, we may conclude that the eASP will have a beneficial

impact for operators on compost production issues; that is; we see no evidence of a time penalty for

switching to the no

‐ turn active compost method.

We should note that starting C:N ratios were below what is considered optimum. Composting experts

agree an ideal C:N ratio for initial feedstock is between 25 and 35 parts carbon to one part nitrogen.

This is particularly important for small manure facilities. Practically speaking, it is very difficult for large

‐
scale operators to change the C:N ratio of large volumes of material. Sampling bias in C:N

### 23 | Page measurements is inherent because large particles are filtered out before final testing, and larger

particles tend to be high in carbon, so actual stating C:N is likely higher than reported.

After 30 days, the control windrows moved into the regular composting operation on site. They were

not sampled again. The three eASP zones were treated differently, as follows:

 Zone 1: Scooped up and placed into a windrow, treated the same as other curing piles on the

site

 Zone 2: Flipped over onto Zone 1 and aerated for an additional 30 days

 Zone 3: Left in place and aerated for an additional 30 days

After 60 days, the three zones were again sampled, and the composite sample was sent to Soil Control

Labs for a second round of STA testing.

Results of the 60

‐ day STA testing are below.

Table 6: 60

‐ day laboratory results for three eASP zones.

### 24 | Page The complete tests for 30 and 60 days are found in Appendix D. Zone 1 failed the pathogen test at 60

days, even though it passed a similar test at 30 days. Per state law, this material could not be sold until

it was re

‐ composted and passed a subsequent test. Contamination of previously pathogen reduced

materials is not uncommon at large composting sites. It can come from many sources, including

handling by equipment that comes into contact non

‐ pathogen

‐ reduced materials, as well as external

sources such as birds. The failure to achieve criteria is not believed to be related to the eASP

composting technology employed, as this pile did pass its pathogen test at 30 days.

The complete 30

‐ day laboratory tests are available in Appendix D. The 60

‐ day tests are available in

Appendix E.



## Diesel Emissions Reductions

Reducing diesel emissions are important for mitigating the air quality impacts of composting. The VOCs

emitted from the degradation of organic materials are much more voluminous than equipment

emissions, but are biogenic in nature and comprised primarily of light alcohols (Kumar et al 2009). Light

alcohols are not strongly implicated in ozone or secondary aerosol formation. (Carter et al 1995). NOx

from diesel engines is implicated in both. Any process changes which reduce overall diesel use on the

compost site are real, permanent reductions which will lead to reduced criteria pollutant levels in the

SJV.

The project resulted in an average reduction in diesel use per ton of feedstock of approximately 87%,

with commensurate reductions in all criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases associated with diesel

use. When compared against older equipment, this could result in a reduction of as much as 7.5 tons of

NOx and 2.5 tons of non

‐ methane hydrocarbons per year per 100,000 tons processed. Savings against

newer equipment generally run less than one ton of pollutant per 100,000 tons. Based on the

estimates, and assuming two cubic yards per ton, diesel savings are calculated to be 2,940 gallons per

year for the theoretical 100,000

‐ ton

‐ per

‐ year facility. Lower density materials actually increase the

diesel savings.

Cleaner diesel engines, electrification of grinders and other diesel equipment on compost sites, and the

potential future advent of hybrid diesel

‐ electric or natural

‐ gas

‐ powered heavy duty equipment will all

contribute to a gradual shift toward less diesel use. However, bringing three

‐ phase power to remote

composting sites can be very expensive; costs exceeded $1 million for the Mt. Vernon composting site in

Bakersfield. Newer loaders and trucks will be phased in under mobile source programs run by the SJV

and the ARB, and are also expensive propositions for compost operators. Natural gas and hybrid loaders

are still not commercially available, and will likely remain cost prohibitive for some time.

This project measures the reductions in diesel use from conveying materials directly from a grinder

output to a pile. In a typical composting site, these tasks would be performed by diesel loaders, typically

working in concert with diesel powered end

‐ dump or side

‐ dump trucks. For the purposes of this

exercise, we measured only a short run covered by one telescopic

‐ transfer conveyor that was available

to rent for the project. However, a full scale production would realize much greater diesel reductions.

### 25 | Page Facility

‐ wide reductions could be estimated on a facility

‐ by

‐ facility basis, using a point half the distance

from the site’s grinder to the property line, as an average distance materials would need to be moved,

and then calculate the amount of diesel hours needed to perform that operation.

We also measured the amount of time necessary to operate a water truck in order to maintain moisture

in composting windrows. With the eASP, these functions were provided during pile build, and

thereafter by a sprinkler system. One of the main drawbacks of using sprinklers on windrows is the

potential for them to become ensnared in windrow turning equipment, resulting in their destruction

and loss of valuable turner time. This is not a problem with the no

‐ turn eASP system.

Even with extensive use of conveyors, loaders will remain indispensable equipment at compost site

because of their speed, maneuverability and versatility. However, it may be possible to significantly

reduce their use, which represents a cost savings and an air pollution benefit. Compared to grinders,

conveyors use relatively little electricity, and can easily be powered by generators if necessary.

This project used a slow

‐ speed shredder instead of a high speed grinder to prepare the feedstock for

composting. The shredder uses an engine roughly half the size of a comparable grinder. It was also a

newer model, with a Tier 4 compliant engine. The emissions reductions gained from this type of

replacement are not considered as benefits from this project.

Overall, the eASP resulted in an 87% reduction in diesel fuel use per ton of production, and a
corresponding reduction in the amount of criteria pollutants and GHGs from equipment use. The

amount of actual pollutants reduced depends on the age of the diesel equipment in question. For the

purposes of this project, pollutant reductions were calculated for both 1996 (Tier 0) engines and 2007

(Tier 3) engines.

The full diesel use calculations, and the calculations of reduced emissions from diesel use, are available

in Appendix C.



## Land Use Reductions

Taller, wider extended ASPs can process more materials per acre of land than traditional windrow. To

the extent that many piles are laid parallel to one another, this advantage is increased. Larger piles can

be moved or even cured using turner devices that rely on small conveyors rather than the spinning shaft

typically used for windrows.

Land purchase is typically a concern when building a new compost site, but can also come into play if an

existing operator was forced to construct a water

‐ impermeable pad for active

‐ phase composting. Based

on the experiment, and compared to standard windrows at the Mt. Vernon compost facility in

Bakersfield, the eASP can process approximately 3,552 tons per acre, while windrows (using some of the

largest machines available) can process 1,580 tons per acre, an advantage of some 55.5% for the eASP.

For the theoretical 100,000 ton

‐ per year

‐ facility, the amount of acreage needed for active phase

composting is also reduced by 55%. The amount of acreage necessary vary depending upon whether a

### 26 | Page composter uses a 70

‐ day compost period or allows materials to cure to 90 days without being moved off

the pad. The full calculations are available in Appendix I.

Low acreage estimate
(70

‐ day compost cycle,

5 cycles per year) High acreage estimate
(90

‐ day compost cycle,

4 cycles per year)

Extended ASP 5.63 7.03

Windrow 12.65 15.8

Table 7: Calculation of acres needed for active composting for theoretical 100,000 tons per year composting facility

with 70

‐ day or 90

‐ day compost cycle. These calculations do not include land needed for feedstock receiving,

grinding, screening, mixing or finished product storage.



## Discussion

Composting is widely viewed as an inherently sustainable activity. The process of recycling nutrients

and organic matter back into the soil will grow in importance over the coming years as the world’s

farmers struggle to feed billions of people. Composting is a critical part of California’s efforts to

achieve75% recycling and composting, as mandated by AB 341 (Chesbro, Statutes of 2011). In fact,

attainment of the AB 341 standard is widely viewed as impossible without a rough doubling of

composting capacity in California. This comes at a time when compost facilities are increasingly difficult

and expensive to site, primarily due to air pollution issues.

The primary composting process used in California and much of North America, open windrows, may

not be inherently sustainable. The process and profitability of operators heavily depends on the wide

availability of relatively inexpensive diesel fuel. Composting facilities have little ability to raise their

tipping fees or the prices for their finished product without losing market share to low

‐ priced landfilling

and relatively inexpensive manufactured fertilizer. If diesel fuel prices were to rise significantly in the

future, compost facilities would find their profit margins squeezed and some may go out of business.

Composting facilities are difficult to site because of odor issues. Odor is most commonly associated with

receiving and mechanical turning of relatively fresh feedstock. Rapid handling of fresh, odoriferous

feedstock can be achieved by most operators; however, it is not always possible to reduce or alter

turning schedules. Eliminating the need to turn during the odorous active composting phase may allow

compost facilities to site closer to urban areas that generate feedstock, thus reducing diesel

‐ intensive

feedstock hauling.

As California increases its efforts to reduce landfilling and greenhouse gas generation, food waste

composting will increase. Unlike green waste, food waste qualifies for GHG credits when composted.

Food waste putrefies rapidly; however, often creating intense odors. No odorous emissions from the

eASP built for this project were ever detected. Composting methods which reduce handling activities

during the active phase seem likely to reduce odor issues, again, potentially allowing siting of

composting facilities closer to the places where both food and green wastes are generated.

### 27 | Page Previous emissions studies where foodwaste was a significant part of the feedstock suggest that VOC

emissions could be significantly higher compared to green

‐ waste ‐ only piles, but this question has not

been adequately researched. The South Coast AQMD already requires large foodwaste composting

operators to install VOC capture systems. The high cost of these systems has limited food waste

composting opportunities within the four counties of the SCQAMD.

Emissions reductions for VOCs (primarily non

‐ methane, non

‐ ethane organic compounds, or NMNEOC)

from the eASP were expected in this study, but the measured reductions exceeded all expectations. In

searching for potential explanations for the high rate of control, several factors come to the fore.

 EASPs reduce surface area. In a 2009 study for the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution

Control District, very small windrows with high surface areas were shown to have higher

emissions rates than the ordinary sized control windrow.

 The eASP surface was kept wet. In the same previous study for the San Joaquin Valley Unified

Air Pollution Control District, wetting the surface of the windrow prior to turning reduced overall

emissions by 19%. This study supports that finding and suggests that a consistently wet surface

may produce even higher emissions control. With a smaller surface area, the eASP is less prone

to drying out during hot SJV summers.

 The biofilter layer was 12” or more thick. In two previous studies, one by the California

Integrated Waste Management Board and the aforementioned 2009 air district study, 6” thick

compost caps delivered emissions reductions of 75% and 53%, respectively. Commercial

biofilters are commonly 3’ thick or greater, depending on the application. This study suggests

that thicker biofilter compost cap layers are more capable of degrading NMNEOCs and other

undesirable compounds.

 More uniform air and water. Aeration is applied uniformly to the greenwaste,

maximizing aerobic decomposition and reducing anaerobic pockets. The other primary

ingredient, water, is also applied regularly so that overly dry conditions never suppress microbial

activity, further enhancing rapid and efficient aerobic decomposition. Controlling the aerobic

activity is a key ingredient in maintaining more efficient and favorable aerobic decomposition

regarding both the type of compounds generated and the amount of compound air emissions

released per ton of greenwaste.

The main component of the compost cap, unscreened finished compost, is available at all composting

sites. Methods to apply the cap on conventional windrows tend to be diesel intensive; however,

conveyorization can be used to apply the layer on static piles with set site configurations. SJVUAPCD

Rule 4566 requires the biofilter compost cap to be replenished after windrow turning at the very largest

facilities, increasing their diesel footprint. State regulations require windrows to be turned five times in

15 days for pathogen reduction. However, state regulation does not require static piles with a one

‐ foot

‐
thick insulation layer to be turned for pathogen reduction purposes. By using the eASP system,

operators can apply just one cap for the entire active composting phase.

The solar powered eASP system reduces dependency on diesel, and reduces feedstock handling during

the critical active composting period, when odor and emissions potential is at its highest. The use of

### 28 | Page solar power means aeration systems can be located where they are needed, in remote locations,

without expensive grid connections. In the SJV, available sunshine year

‐ round is more than adequate

for the relatively small motors needed for aeration, and with adequate battery backup such systems

should be operable even during the rare prolonged foggy or rainy winter periods.

A drawback for the prototype eASP system was the, above

‐ ground aeration pipes, which were destroyed

during pile deconstruction. This problem can be overcome by substituting thick, durable pipes made of

heavy plastic (typically used for water mains) in place of the thinner, low

‐ cost pipes used in this project.

Also, low

‐ cost methods to embed aeration pipes in the ground should be technologically feasible for

most operators, and are available commercially from some vendors.

Another challenge was setting proper moisture levels. Though the temporary eASP sprinkler system

rigged for this project worked remarkably well, it was not as precise or as consistent as desirable. Once

a compost operator configures an eASP site, designing a more effective, permanent system providing

near

‐ ideal moisture management should not prove a significant challenge. A similar situation occurred

for the initial watering of the feedstock; the temporary system designed for this project proved

adequate. However, permanent, engineered systems—perhaps integrated with the conveyor—would

certainly provide more uniform feedstock moisture and would quite possibly save additional water.

A final drawback for larger pile sizes is the difficulty of monitoring conditions deep within the pile. The

five

‐ foot

‐ long temperature probe purchased for this project is the longest readily available. However, it

is not always possible or advisable to force the probe the full 5’ into a pile. Also, this probe did not

measure relative moisture. Technology is rapidly solving these problems. Low

‐ cost remote data loggers

are now available. These can be buried within piles, and can record a variety of parameters, including

temperature and moisture, over the life of the project. Future projects should include the use of these

devices.



## Conclusions

This project compared standard windrow composting to an eASP design to compare emissions. The

result of this project does establish that the eASP design tested reduces both water use and air

emissions. The eASP was tested in a single selected configuration; therefore, the results of this project

do not establish optimal blower speeds or water application rates. Additional testing would be required

to establish a user guide to ensure minimum operating costs, best quality of product and minimum

water use and air emissions.

The solar powered eASP with a biofilter compost cap appears to be a viable method for commercial

‐
scale composting. The demonstrated NMNEOC, ammonia and GHG emissions reductions achieved in

this project from the piles of decomposing organic materials were significant, in the range of 98%, 95%

and 70% respectively. These levels of control match or exceed commercially available systems costing

many times more. The practical effect of using electric conveyors instead of diesel

‐ powered trucks and

loaders to build the pile, and of using solar

‐ powered aeration instead of diesel

‐ powered windrow

turners, creates additional emissions reductions of NOx and other criteria pollutants which are

### 29 | Page important in non

‐ attainment air basins such as the San Joaquin Valley. The emission reductions cited

are the result of a closely managed demonstration project and should not be considered as the expected

performance of and “achieved in practice” permanent facility. Achieved in practice results might be less

than the closely managed demonstration project; however additional reductions might be achieved by

further work to establish optimal operating conditions.

In addition to the diesel reductions and the greatly reduced emissions from decomposing organic

wastes, conversion to eASP systems has the potential to save operators money and reduce GHG impacts

through process water savings and shrinking the amount of land needed to conduct active

‐ phase

composting.

In terms of product quality and maturity, the eASP appears to be at least as good as windrow systems.



## List of Appendices

 Appendix A: Technical Emissions Testing Memo from Chuck Schmidt and Tom Card

 Appendix B: Emissions samples fluxes, calculations and charts

 Appendix C: Diesel fuel use reductions and calculated reductions of associated criteria

pollutants and GHG emissions

 Appendix D: STA testing results on 30

‐ day

‐ old material

 Appendix E: Laboratory testing results on 60

‐ day

‐ old materials

 Appendix F: Carbon and nitrogen testing of initial feedstock

 Appendix G: ASP and windrow temperature readings

 Appendix H: Water use calculations

 Appendix I: Land

‐ use calculations

### San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District



## Techn ology A dvancement Program (TAP) 11

- 01



# Aerated Static Pile Composting

w ith 

## Surface Biofiltration Layer Air Emissions Control



# Air Emissions Assessment

Summary of VOC and Greenhouse Gas Air Emissions

with
Comparison to Windrow Composting Emissions



# Report

Revision 1



### January 2012

Prepared by

Charles E. Schmidt, PhD

19200 Live Oak Road, Red Bluff, CA 96080

530

- 529

- 4256 schmidtce@aol.com



### Thomas R. Card
Environmental Management Consulting

41125 278 th Way SE Enumclaw, WA 98022 USA

360

- 802

- 5540 trcard@earthlink.net

### Table of Contents

1. SUMMARY

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 1

2. PROJECT OVERVIEW

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 3

3. PROCESS DESCRIPTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3

P ROTOTYPE ASP

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 3

W INDROW

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5

4. EMISSIONS MEASUREMEN T

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 6

5. EMISSIONS CALCULATIO NS

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 9

ASP E MISSIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 9

W INDROW E MISSIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 9

6. DATA ANALYSIS AND DI SCUSSION

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 10

C OMPARATIVE E MISSIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 10

G REENHOUSE G AS E MISSIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 12

T OTAL E MISSIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 13

D ISCUSSION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 14



### Figures

Figure 1.1 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).
Figure 3.1 Plan and Section of ASP Piles.
Figure 3.2 Plan and Section of Typical Site Windrows. Figure 6.1 VOC Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day. Figure 6.2 NH3 Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day. Figure 6.3 CO2 Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day. Figure 6.4 CH4 Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day. Figure 6.5 N2O Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day. Figure 6.6 CO2 Equivalent Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.

Figure 6. 7 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).



### Tables
Table 1.1 ASP Air Emissions (pounds per ton compost mix) for a 22 day compost period with
extrapolated estimates for 30 day and 60 day periods.

Table 1.2 Windrow Air Emissions (pounds per ton compost mix) for 22 day, 30 day, and 60 day periods.
Table 1.3 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).
Table 1.4 Emissions Reduction Summary (pounds per ton mix) in a Regulatory Context.
Table 4.1 Summary ASP Em ission Measurement Data (flux in mg/m

- m2).

Table 4. 2 Summary Windrow Emission Measurement Data (flux in mg/ m

- m2).
Table 5.1 ASP Air Emissions (pounds per ton compost mix) for a 22 day compost period with
extrapolated estimates for 30 day and 60 day periods

. Table 5.2 Windrow Air Emissions (pounds per ton compost mix) for 22 day, 30 day, and 60 day periods.
Table 6.1 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).
Table 6.2 Emissions Reduction Summary (pounds per ton mix) in a Regulatory Context.

### Photos

Photo 3.1 Compost Pile Configuration.
Photo 3.2 Windrow Configuration.
Photo 4.1 Typical Emissions Measurement.



### Appendices

1. Detailed Calculations Tables 1A and 1B

## 1. Summary

A prototype Aerated Static Pile (ASP) composting process was assembled and operated to test both
ability to produce quality compost and to quantify air emissions

. The ASP utilized ambient air blown
into the pile from the bottom; the blowers were powered by photovoltaic panels and associated

batteries. The ASP had a biofiltration layer added to the surface to reduce air emissions . A seri es of
compost windrows were built concurrent with the ASP using the same materials. The air emissions from

the ASP were compar ed to the on

- site measured air emissions of the current industry

- standard windrow
composting method.

Emissions were measured u sing the standard methods and techniques used for San Joaquin Valley Air
Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) regulatory compliance. This includes the use of the USEPA flux

chamber as modified under South Coast Air Quality Management District ( SCAQMD ) Rul e 1133

, and
analysis using SCAQMD Method 25.3 for VOC and 207.1 for ammonia (NH3) . In addition to these
traditional methods, nitrous oxide (N2O) was measured using NIOSH 6600 and organic species were
measured using USEPA TO

- 15.

Tables 1.1 and 1.2 provid e the measured and extrapolated emissions for the ASP and window
(respectively) for the cycle periods of 22 days (all measurements) as well as 30 days and 60 days (both
measured and extrapolated). The units are pounds of emitted compound per ton of initia l compost mix.

Table 1 .1 ASP Air Emissions (pounds per ton compost mix) for a 2 2 day compost period with
extrapolated estimates for 30 day and 60 day periods.

Table 1

. 2 Windrow Air Emissions (p ounds per ton compost mix) for 2 2 day

, 30 day

, and 60 day
periods.

Figure 1.1 and Table 1 .3 provide s a summary of the emissions reduction (ASP emissions as compared to

the on

- site measured windrow) for the measured emissions duration of the ASP of 22 days as well as
extrapolated ASP emissions for 30 day and 60 day cycle periods

.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 2 of 21

Figure 1 .1 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).

Table 1

. 3 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).

Table 1. 4 provides the measured emissions in a regulatory context. The measured 22 day ASP emissions
were compared to regulatory emission factors (nominally for windrow composting) from SJVAPCD and

SCAQMD

.

Table 1

. 4 Emissions Reduction Summary (pounds per ton mix) in a Regulatory Context.

The VOC reduction achieved was greater than 9 7 % when compared to any benchmark, and equal to or
better than all known commercial VOC reduction technologies regardless of price. The windrow (on

site control) emissions were higher than expected, but even using the SJVAPCD emission factor, the

control was still and impressive 98%.

### Air Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 3 of 21

Ammonia emission reductions were also substantial. However these varied based on the compared
cycle time. For the complete cycle the ASP ammonia emissions, based on laboratory measurement,

showed a 92% reduction over the on

- site windrow. Greenhouse gas emissions were also reduced, but
not as significantly as VOC and ammonia

The documentation for the emissions measurement and analysis is contained in this report as well as

the attached Data Validation Technical Memorandum . All field notes and laboratory reports are
attached following the technical memorandum.



## 2. Project Overview

This project was funded by a grant from the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD)
to demonstrate the feasibility of a commerci al

- scale positively aerated, ASP compost system. The

project was co

- managed by the Association of Compost Producers and CalRecycle , with help from the
City of Bakersfield and O2 Compost

.

There were several facets to this project, including diesel fuel r eduction and renewable energy, which
were met by the use of electric conveyors to form the pile and photovoltaic power to run the blowers
aerating the ASP

. Our team was retained to sample and calculate the air emissions from the ASP
compost system, and co mpare those emissions with those emitted by industry

- standard composting
windrows which were built out of the same materials on the same day

.

The ASP was covered by a biofiltration layer of finished compost to control air emissions. The ASP was

operate d in a positive ventilation mode, meaning that the air to supply cooling, moisture control, and
metabolic oxygen was blown into the pile with exhaust leaving the pile surface

. Emissions sampling
occurred during one hour cycles. Blowers generally ran two minutes out of every 20, meaning that one
emissions sampling event would capture three full blower cycles.



## 3. Process Description

Prototype ASP

Figure 3.1 shows a plan and section of the
prototype ASPs. There were three separate zones
constructed to represent three different ages of

compost. The starting feedstock was placed on top of previously installed air distribution piping and a
plenum of large nominal diameter wood chips
roughly one foot deep . After the compost was
placed to approximately 8 feet of average depth, a
nominal 12 inches of finished , unscreened compost was placed on the top of the pile as a biofilter

compost cap

. The cap acts much like a biofilter,
reducing pollutants as they migrate up to the
surface of the pile. Photo 3.1 Compost Pile Configuration.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 4 of 21

Figure 3.1 Plan and Section of ASP Piles.

The compost pile with biofilter was used to calculate total surface area. The mass of biofilter material

was not us ed in the compost mix mass calculation.

The total surface area of the ASP was 785 m 2 

### and the total mass of compost mix in the cells was 695
tons. The mass value of the compost cells was supplied by O2Compost. For emissions calculation
purposes the ASP p ile was assumed to be operational for a 21 day compost cycle.

### Air Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 5 of 21



## Windrow

The host site normally composts in windrows.
Windrows are the standard technology currently
used in the United States to compost
greenwaste. Figure 3.2 shows the layout of the
windrows being tested for this study. The
windrows shrink significantly durin g the compost

duration. The initial area of a windrow was
calculated to be 1,311 m2. At the end of cycle,

this shrinks to 919 m2. For emissions calculation
purposes it was assumed the shrinkage occurred
linearly over the compost cycle . The site

operator , Harvest Power, provided the mass of
typical windrow as 782 tons of compost . Photo
3.2 shows a typical windrow on the site. The
normal operating cycle for windrows at this site
is 65 days or longer. The windrows are turned using a specialized mechanica l device approximately
eight times during the process cycle.

Figure 3. 2 Plan and Section of Typical Site Windrow s. Photo 3. 2 Windrow Configuration.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 6 of 21



## 4. Emissions Measurement

All emissions measurements were made using USEPA validated flux chamber technology modified per

SCAQMD Rule 1133 for measurement of compost ing air emissions. Photo 4.1 shows a typical

measurement. The testing was conducted at pre

- determined locations per zone (up to four
measurements per zone and test condition) as a function of process day in the life cycle of the
composting technology.

Emissions were sampled and analyzed per SCAQMD Method 25.3 for VOC (total non

- methane, non

- ethane
hydrocarbon), carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , and methane
(CH4)

. Ammonia (NH3) was sampled and analyzed
using SCAQMD Method 207.1. Nitrous oxide (N2O)

was sampled and analyzed using NIOSH Method 6600
(FTIR). Speciated organics were sampled and analyzed
using USEPA Method TO

- 15.

Every test location completed measurements for
Method 25.3. Only 25% of the test locations had the
analysis completed for Method 207.1 (NH3), NIOSH
6600 (N2O), and TO

- 15.

For the ASPs, samples were taken on process days 3, 4,
5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, and 23. For the windrows,
samples were taken on process days 0 (f eed stock), 2, 3, 9, 11, 15, 29, and 63.

In general samples were taken in clusters of four representing near

- field spatial variability for the ASPs and top/sides for the windrows. F ar

- field spatial measurements , that is measurements on the opposite

end of the pile/windrow were taken on process day 4 for the ASPs and process day 15 for the windrows.
These measurements were taken to determine if there were differences in emissions in different parts
of the pile. In addition, a mixing event for the windrows was measured on process day 11.

A summary of the data is provided (in flux units) for the ASP (Table 4.1) and windrows/feedstock (Table
4.2). Complete data is provided in the Appendix. The accompanying Data Validation Technical

Memorandum contains the co mplete data set, including QA/QC.

For emissions reporting purposes, only the laboratory ammonia data was used. Photo 4 .1 Typical Emissions Measurement.

### Air Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 7 of 21

Table 4.1 Summary ASP Emission Measurement Data (flux in mg/ m

- m2)

.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 8 of 21

Table 4. 2 Summary Windrow Emission Measurement Data (flux in mg/ m

- m2)

.

### Air Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 9 of 21



## 5. Emissions Calculations

In order to calculate emissions for the complete process cycle, a process cycle was simulated using the
data collected on the specific process days. The process cycle days that were not tested had the

emissions estimated based on l inear interpolation of the test data.



## ASP Emissions

The simulated emissions in pounds per ton per day for each cycle day are provided in Attachment 1.
The program design for the ASP anticipated that the primary composting process would take 2 2 days.

Howe ver emissions estimates were extrapolated to both a 30 day period and a 60 day period. Table 5.1
presents the results of the 2 2 day measured period as well as the extrapolated longer periods.

Table 5.1 ASP Air Emissions (pounds per ton compost mix) for a 2 2 day compost period with
extrapolated estimates for 30 day and 60 day periods.



## Windrow Emissions

The windrow emissions were calculated in the same manner as the ASP emissions. The only exception is
that windrow emissions included mixing events. The measured mixing event data showed that mixing
increased the daily emissions by 8% on the mix day. The refore, for the simulated emissions profile, each
mix day emissions were multiplied by a factor of 1.08.

W indrow emissions estimates were calculated for a 2 2 day period , a 30 day period and a 60 day period.
Table 5.2 presents the results of the windrow emissions calculations

Table 5. 2 Windrow Air Emissions (p ounds per ton compost mix) for 2 2 day

, 30 day

, and 60 day
periods.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 10 of 21



## 6. Data Analysis and Discussion

Comparative Emissions

Figures 6.1 through 6.5 shows how each emissions species compares for ASPs and windrows. The
emissions beyond Day 22 for the ASP were extrapolated based on the last measurement.

Figure 6 .1 VOC Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.

Figure 6

. 2 NH3 (Laboratory Data Only) Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.

### Air Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 11 of 21

Figure 6

. 3 CO2 Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.

Figure 6

. 4 CH4 Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 12 of 21

Figure 6

. 5 N2O Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.



## Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Using the CARB (40 CFR Part 98) CO 2 

### e quivalency factors for the 100 yr planning horizon of

Methane 21

Nitrous Oxide 310

the CO2 equivalency of the all the greenhouse gases were calculated as are shown as a comparison of
windrow to ASP in Figure 6.6. The ASP is shown to be significantly l ower than windrow composting
using this metric.

Figure 6

. 6 CO2 Equivalent Emissions (#/ton mix) for Each Process Day.

### Air Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 13 of 21



## Emissions Reductions by ASP Technology

Figure 6. 7 shows the emissions reductions for the ASP technology as compared to the control windrow
technology. The calculation was made for the 22 day design period as well as extrapolated to 30 day
and 60 day periods. Table 6.1 provides the quantitative data use d to generate Figure 6. 7

.

Figure 6. 7 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).

Table 6.1 Emissions Reduction Summary (as compared to tested control windrow).

VOC emission reduction from ASP composting was nearly 99% based on the control windrow s for all the
cycle periods evaluated

. The cycle period did affect both ammonia emissions reduction and methane
emissions significantly. This is because the windrow ammonia emissions occurred late in the cycle and

the ASP methane emis sions occurred early in the cycle.

Table 6.2 presents the emissions reductions as compared to current regulatory emission factors from
SJVAPCD and SCAQMD. VOC and ammonia emission reductions were ranged from 97% to 99%. The

methane emissions from the ASP prototype were significantly higher than the current SCAQMD

emission factor.

### Ai r Emissions from ASP Composting with Biolfiltration Layer Page 14 of 21

Table 6. 2 Emissions Reduction Summary (pounds per ton mix) in a Regulatory Context.



## Discussion

The combination of better process control and the surface biofilter layer produced far lower emissions
from the ASP as compared to the current industry

- standard windrow. The degree of control for both
VOCs and windrows exceeded that expected with even synthetic cover technologies. The relatively high
level of control of greenh ouse gas emissions was a surprise. It is important to note that this is the first
thorough test of this technology

, and further testing and evaluation should be completed before these
high levels of control can be assured on an industry

- wide basis.

.

### Appendix 1



## Detailed Calculation Spreadsheets

### Table 1A

– ASP Calculations.

### Table 1B

– Windrow Calculations.

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, ASP Area Calculation

Property Units Value

Length ft 84 Height ft 7.0

Bottom Width ft 89 Top Width ft 75.0

Top Length ft 70

alpha R 0.79

o 45

Top Perimeter ft 290 Top Area ft2 5,250

Bottom Perimeter ft 346

Bottom Area ft2 7,476

Slant height ft 9.9

Surface Area ft2 8,398

m2 785

Volume ft3 44,312

yd3 1,641

Conversion Factors ft2/m2 10.7

ft3/yd3 27

Top Area Ratio 0.625146

Density #/yd 900

Weight pounds 1477070

tons 738.5351

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Windrow Area Calculation

Property Units Value Value at the end of the cycle

Length ft 500 350 Height ft 10.0 10.0

Bottom Width ft 18 18 Top Width ft 3.0 3.0

Top Length ft 485 335

alpha R 0.93 0.93

o 53 53

Top Perimeter ft 976 676 Top Area ft2 1,455 1,005

Bottom Perimeter ft 1,036 736

Bottom Area ft2 9,000 6,300

Slant height ft 12.5 12.5

Surface Area ft2 14,030 9,830

m2 1,311 919

Volume ft3 46,912 32,737

yd3 1,737 1,212

Conversion Factors ft2/m2 10.7 10.7

ft3/yd3 27 27

Top Area Ratio 0.103706 0.102238

Density #/yd 900

Weight pounds 1563745

tons 781.8723Table 1. Summary of Field Sample Collection Information and Field Data for ACP Valley Air TAP Compost Research Program; August 2012.



## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Sample Data ASP and Windrow

DATE TIME SOURCE DAY LOCATION NH3 25.3 207.1 TO-15 N-6600 FLOW HELIUM HELIUM HELIUM FLOW IN SURF STACK IN AIR OUT SURF OUT AIR COMMENT (ppmv) ID ID ID ID (ft/min) ADDED (%) REC (%) RATIO (m3/min)

8202012 916 ASP ZONE 1 15 NW 0.5 G-101 A-101 T-101 N-101 63 10.09 3.06 0.303 0.0165 98 87 90 91 79 ASP Zone 1 constructed on 08/05/2012

8202012 916 ASP ZONE 1 15 SW 4 G-102 NA NA NA 42 10.09 5.01 0.497 0.0101 94 88 90 91 84

8202012 915 ASP ZONE 1 15 NE <0.05 G-103 NA NA N 50 10.07 3.32 0.330 0.0152 91 85 87 91 80

8202012 915 ASP ZONE 1 15 SE 1 G-104 NA NA N 61 10.07 2.90 0.288 0.0174 94 88 90 87 82

8202012 1105 ASP ZONE 2 10 NW 5 G-105 A-102 T-102 N-102 48 10.09 3.70 0.367 0.0136 109 97 99 93 88 ASP Zone 2 constructed on 08/10/2012

8202012 1105 ASP ZONE 2 10 SW 3 G-106 NA NA NA 63 10.09 1.97 0.195 0.0256 108 95 94 97 88

8202012 1105 ASP ZONE 2 10 NE 2 G-107 NA NA NA 99 10.07 2.13 0.212 0.0236 109 97 100 97 89

8202012 1105 ASP ZONE 2 10 SE 3 G-108 NA NA NA 69 10.07 2.60 0.258 0.0194 105 97 98 97 88

8202012 1244 ASP ZONE 3 3 NW 6.5 G-109 NA NA NA 92 10.07 1.07 0.106 0.0471 121 102 105 101 93 ASP Zone 3 constructed on 08/17/2012

8202012 1245 ASP ZONE 3 3 SW 4.0 G-110 NA NA NA 41 10.07 3.87 0.384 0.0130 115 103 107 96 92

8202012 1245 ASP ZONE 3 3 NE 3 G-111 A-103 T-103 N-103 75 10.09 1.70 0.168 0.0297 116 103 103 99 92

8202012 1245 ASP ZONE 3 3 SE 9 G-112 NA NA NA 65 10.09 1.78 0.176 0.0283 121 105 108 123 94

8202012 1453 WINDROW WR-3 15 Top- East 22 G-113 NA NA NA 112 9.70 1.33 0.137 0.0365 131 107 109 112 98 Windrow WR-3 constructed on 08/05/2012

8202012 1454 WINDROW WR-3 15 Top- West 3 G-114 A-104 T-104 N-104 94 9.70 2.14 0.221 0.0227 133 108 111 112 97

8202012 1459 WINDROW WR-3 15 Side- North 5 G-115 NA NA NA 80 9.72 1.57 0.162 0.0310 152 112 122 115 99

8202012 1506 WINDROW WR-3 15 Side- South 6 G-116 NA NA NA 81 10.09 2.43 0.241 0.0208 140 131 134 123 103

8202012 1634 WINDROW WR-3 15 Side- N. Spatial 5 G-117 NA NA NA 88 9.72 2.15 0.221 0.0226 117 107 110 107 96 Spatial test: One side test and one top test

8202012 1630 WINDROW WR-3 15 Top- Spatial 5 G-118 NA NA NA 79 9.70 1.85 0.191 0.0262 116 107 108 101 100 Spatial test: One side test and one top test

8202012 1630 WINDROW WR-3 15 QC-Replicate 5 G-119 NA NA NA 79 9.70 1.72 0.177 0.0282 116 107 108 101 100 Replicate sample

8202012 1755 Media Blank NA QC-Blank NA G-120 NA NA NA NA 10.07 9.86 0.979 98% NA NA NA NA NA UHP air in clean canister- media blank sample

8212012 752 WINDROW WR-2 9 Top- West <0.05 G-201 A-201 T-201 N-201 34 9.72 3.81 0.392 0.0128 123 89 97 91 75 Windrow WR-2 constructed on 08/12/2012

8212012 752 WINDROW WR-2 9 Top- East 5 G-202 NA NA NA 53 9.72 2.07 0.213 0.0235 119 93 101 109 75

8212012 754 WINDROW WR-2 9 Side- North 5 G-203 NA NA NA 71 9.70 2.85 0.294 0.0170 131 100 110 91 76

8212012 756 WINDROW WR-2 9 Side- South 5 G-204 NA NA NA 65 10.09 2.17 0.215 0.0232 96 90 96 89 63

8212012 941 WINDROW WR-1 2 Top- West 1 G-205 A-202 T-202 N-202 36 9.72 2.72 0.280 0.0179 100 89 89 91 84 Windrow WR-1 constructed on 08/20/2012

8212012 941 WINDROW WR-1 2 Top- East 1 G-206 NA NA NA 53 9.72 2.48 0.255 0.0196 106 91 94 93 89

8212012 942 WINDROW WR-1 2 Side- North 4 G-207 NA NA NA 55 10.09 2.90 0.287 0.0174 97 88 90 96 81

8212012 942 WINDROW WR-1 2 Side- South 1 G-208 NA NA NA 49 9.70 2.40 0.247 0.0202 103 92 96 86 85

8212012 1200 WINDROW WR-4 63 Top- North 0.5 G-209 A-203 T-203 N-203 42 9.72 3.90 0.401 0.0125 115 110 115 110 89 Windrow WR-4 constructed on 06/19/12

8212012 1211 WINDROW WR-4 63 Top- South 0.5 G-210 NA NA NA 65 9.72 2.65 0.273 0.0183 120 105 110 109 95

8212012 1217 WINDROW WR-4 63 Side- West 2 G-211 NA NA NA 68 9.70 2.45 0.253 0.0198 117 99 111 110 100

8212012 1220 WINDROW WR-4 63 Side- East 1.0 G-212 NA NA NA 71 10.12 2.63 0.260 0.0192 114 113 114 107 91

8212012 1402 ASP ZONE 3 4 NW 7 G-213 NA NA NA 63 9.70 2.16 0.223 0.0225 108 NA 107 108 98

8212012 1402 ASP ZONE 3 4 SW 5 G-214 NA NA NA 56 9.70 3.04 0.313 0.0160 113 109 114 107 99

8212012 1403 ASP ZONE 3 4 NE 3 G-215 A-204 T-204 N-204 160 10.12 1.37 0.135 0.0369 112 103 102 105 98

8212012 1404 ASP ZONE 3 4 SE 5 G-216 NA NA NA 90 10.12 1.86 0.184 0.0272 117 103 107 106 97

8212012 1537 ASP ZONE 3 4 Top NW- Spatial 19 G-217 NA NA NA 73 9.70 2.90 0.299 0.0167 112 106 106 102 99 Spatial test: One side test and one top test

8212012 1537 ASP ZONE 3 4 Side SE- Spatial 5 G-218 NA NA NA 90 9.70 1.31 0.135 0.0370 110 107 109 105 100 Spatial test: One side test and one top test

8212012 1537 ASP ZONE 3 4 QC- Replicate 5 G-219 NA NA NA 90 9.70 1.56 0.161 0.0311 110 107 109 105 100 Replicate sample

8212012 1645 Media Blank NA QC-Blank NA G-220 NA NA NA NA 10.12 10.2 1.008 101% NA NA NA NA NA UHP air in clean canister- media blank sample

8222012 745 ASP ZONE 1 17 NW 1 G-301 A-301 T-301 N-301 51 10.12 3.15 0.311 0.0161 92 80 79 82 76

8222012 745 ASP ZONE 1 17 SW 0.5 G-302 NA NA NA 64 10.12 4.40 0.435 0.0115 82 77 79 78 76

8222012 745 ASP ZONE 1 17 NE <0.05 G-303 NA NA NA 51 9.72 3.20 0.329 0.0152 86 80 84 88 76

8222012 745 ASP ZONE 1 17 SE 0.5 G-304 NA NA N 112 9.72 1.43 0.147 0.0340 85 80 80 80 77

8222012 918 ASP ZONE 2 12 NW <0.05 G-305 A-302 T-302 N-302 81 10.12 2.38 0.235 0.0213 94 88 90 88 78 Blower fan not functioning properly

8222012 918 ASP ZONE 2 12 SW <0.05 G-306 NA NA NA 58 10.12 2.89 0.286 0.0175 94 91 91 88 83

8222012 918 ASP ZONE 2 12 NE 0.5 G-307 NA NA NA 66 9.92 4.33 0.436 0.0115 92 88 87 83 83

8222012 918 ASP ZONE 2 12 SE 1 G-308 NA NA NA 74 9.92 2.03 0.205 0.0244 87 86 86 87 81

8222012 1101 ASP ZONE 3 5 NW 1 G-309 A-303 T-303 N-303 60 10.12 3.16 0.312 0.0160 116 99 104 103 87

8222012 1104 ASP ZONE 3 5 SW 1 G-310 NA NA NA 22 10.12 4.90 0.484 0.0103 112 104 107 108 90

8222012 1104 ASP ZONE 3 5 NE 0.5 G-311 NA NA NA 62 9.92 2.37 0.239 0.0209 109 104 106 108 93

8222012 1109 ASP ZONE 3 5 SE 3 G-312 NA NA NA 64 9.92 2.46 0.248 0.0202 119 103 107 107 90Table 1. Summary of Field Sample Collection Information and Field Data for ACP Valley Air TAP Compost Research Program; August 2012.

DATE TIME SOURCE DAY LOCATION NH3 25.3 207.1 TO-15 N-6600 FLOW HELIUM HELIUM HELIUM FLOW IN SURF STACK IN AIR OUT SURF OUT AIR COMMENT (ppmv) ID ID ID ID (ft/min) ADDED (%) REC (%) RATIO (m3/min)

8222012 1315 WINDROW WR-1 3 Top- West <0.05 G-313 A-304 T-304 N-304 60 9.91 2.68 0.270 0.0185 116 106 108 105 95

8222012 1318 WINDROW WR-1 3 Top- East 1 G-314 NA NA NA 88 9.91 1.74 0.176 0.0285 111 101 103 101 90

8222012 1322 WINDROW WR-1 3 Side- North <0.05 G-315 NA NA NA 89 9.89 2.71 0.274 0.0182 112 106 106 93 96

8222012 1333 WINDROW WR-1 3 Side- South 13 G-316 NA NA NA 88 9.93 1.75 0.176 0.0284 120 102 112 117 97

8222012 1028 FRESH DAY OLD CHOP 1 Top 0.5 G-317 NA NA NA NA 9.89 5.55 0.561 0.0089 98 NA 99 102 86 Representative of fresh chop used to build piles, about 1 day old

8222012 1230 FRESH CHOP 0 Top NA G-318 NA NA NA NA 9.92 5.18 0.522 0.0096 NA NA NA NA NA Representative of fresh chop, about 2 hours old

8222012 1230 FRESH CHOP 0 QC- Replicate NA G-319 NA NA NA NA 9.92 5.30 0.534 0.0094 NA NA NA NA NA Replicate sample

8222012 1437 Media Blank NA QC-Blank NA G-320 NA NA NA NA 9.92 3.41 0.344 34% NA NA NA NA NA UHP air in clean canister- media blank sample

8232012 747 ASP ZONE 1 18 NW <0.05 G-401 A-401 T-401 N-401 42 9.93 5.71 0.575 0.0087 81 74 76 78 70 Blower cycle is short due to power level

8232012 749 ASP ZONE 1 18 SW <0.05 G-402 NA NA NA 61 9.93 2.72 0.274 0.0183 84 74 74 82 70

8232012 730 ASP ZONE 1 18 NE <0.05 G-403 NA NA NA 63 9.89 2.43 0.246 0.0203 79 75 75 80 71

8232012 730 ASP ZONE 1 18 SE <0.05 G-404 NA NA NA 49 9.89 4.18 0.423 0.0118 82 75 77 79 70

8232012 907 ASP ZONE 2 13 NW 0.2 G-405 A-402 T-402 N-402 47 9.89 3.41 0.345 0.0145 85 83 87 85 74

8232012 907 ASP ZONE 2 13 SW 0.8 G-406 NA NA NA 89 9.89 2.76 0.279 0.0179 81 85 82 80 84

8232012 907 ASP ZONE 2 13 NE <0.05 G-407 NA NA NA 60 9.93 2.72 0.274 0.0183 95 87 90 85 80

8232012 907 ASP ZONE 2 13 SE <0.05 G-408 NA NA NA 63 9.93 2.67 0.269 0.0186 90 89 93 92 81

8232012 1037 ASP ZONE 3 6 NW <0.05 G-409 A-403 T-403 N-403 37 9.93 4.98 0.502 0.0100 110 96 104 100 88

8232012 1037 ASP ZONE 3 6 SW 1 G-410 NA NA NA 51 9.93 3.21 0.323 0.0155 113 97 101 119 90

8232012 1037 ASP ZONE 3 6 NE <0.05 G-411 NA NA NA 67 9.89 2.42 0.245 0.0204 103 100 102 105 90

8232012 1037 ASP ZONE 3 6 SE 4 G-412 NA NA NA 37 9.89 4.11 0.416 0.0120 122 104 107 110 90

8232012 1235 WINDROW WR-2 11 Top 0.3 G-413 A-404 T-404 N-404 71 9.92 2.14 0.216 0.0232 127 110 112 109 95 Pile watered on site schedule (08/23/2012, 1015); A/T/N replicate '405'

8232012 1235 WINDROW WR-2 11 Side- South 3 G-414 NA NA NA 81 9.91 2.09 0.211 0.0237 143 122 128 110 95

8232012 1409 WR-2 POST MIX 11 Top 0.2 G-415 NA NA NA 60 9.92 1.72 0.173 0.0288 138 111 116 126 98 Scarab mixing at 1325-1335; test started 4 minutes post mixing

8232012 1409 WR-2 POST MIX 11 QC-Replicate 0.2 G-416 A-405 T-405 N-405 60 9.92 2.09 0.211 0.0237 138 111 116 126 98 Ammonia, VOCs, and nitrogen oxide replicates of '404' series

8232012 1412 WR-2 POST MIX 11 Side- South 0.2 G-417 NA NA NA 65 9.91 2.95 0.298 0.0168 137 123 126 119 97 Scarab mixing at 1325-1335; test started 4 minutes post mixing

8232012 1512 Medial Blank NA QC- Blank NA G-418 A-406 T-406 N-406 NA 10.07 10.02 0.995 100% NA NA NA NA NA UHP air in clean canister- media blank sample

8282012 808 ASP ZONE 1 23 NW <0.05 G-501 A-501 T-501 N-501 26 9.76 5.80 0.594 0.0084 91 81 89 93 78

8282012 808 ASP ZONE 1 23 SW 0.1 G-502 NA NA NA 37 9.91 4.89 0.493 0.0101 96 84 92 97 73

8282012 808 ASP ZONE 1 23 NE 1 G-503 NA NA NA 61 9.91 1.89 0.191 0.0262 95 84 87 93 74

8282012 1030 WINDROW WR-3 29 Top- West 40 G-504 A-502 T-502 N-502 60 9.76 2.18 0.223 0.0224 146 107 112 118 89

8282012 1030 WINDROW WR-3 29 Top- East <0.05 G-505 NA NA NA 51 9.76 3.49 0.358 0.0140 119 103 110 115 86

8282012 1030 WINDROW WR-3 29 Side- South 30 G-506 NA NA NA 47 9.91 2.84 0.287 0.0174 140 114 120 122 84

8292012 1154 Media Blank NA QC-Blank NA G-605 NA NA NA NA 9.91 0.000 NA NA NA NA NA Media blank in BOC testing data set for the batch

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Daily and Cumulative Emissions

Day CH4 (ASP) CH4

(Windrow) CH4 (ASP) CH4 (Windrow) VOC (ASP) VOC (Windrow) VOC (ASP) VOC (Windrow) NH3 Field

(ASP) NH3 Field

(Windrow) NH3 Field

(ASP) NH3 Field

(Windrow) NH3 Lab

(ASP) NH3 Lab

(Windrow) NH3 Lab

(ASP) NH3 Lab

(Windrow) N2O (ASP) N2O (Windrow) N2O (ASP) N2O (Windrow)

1 0.0037 0.002 0.0037 0.002 0.0024 0.267 0.0024 0.267 0.0011 0.001 0.0011 0.001 0.0005 0.000 0.0005 0.000 0.0002 0.003 0.0002 0.003

2 0.0075 0.003 0.0112 0.005 0.0047 0.334 0.0071 0.601 0.0023 0.001 0.0034 0.002 0.0010 0.000 0.0016 0.000 0.0005 0.003 0.0007 0.006

3 0.0112 0.011 0.0224 0.016 0.0071 0.969 0.0142 1.570 0.0034 0.003 0.0069 0.005 0.0016 0.000 0.0031 0.001 0.0007 0.002 0.0014 0.008

4 0.0212 0.040 0.0436 0.056 0.0264 0.788 0.0406 2.358 0.0032 0.003 0.0101 0.008 0.0004 0.000 0.0036 0.001 0.0002 0.002 0.0016 0.010

5 0.0165 0.068 0.0601 0.124 0.0020 0.676 0.0426 3.033 0.0005 0.003 0.0105 0.010 0.0001 0.000 0.0037 0.001 0.0003 0.002 0.0019 0.012

6 0.0118 0.104 0.0719 0.228 0.0024 0.607 0.0450 3.640 0.0003 0.003 0.0109 0.013 0.0001 0.000 0.0038 0.001 0.0001 0.003 0.0020 0.015

7 0.1668 0.125 0.2387 0.353 0.0028 0.454 0.0478 4.095 0.0005 0.003 0.0114 0.016 0.0001 0.000 0.0040 0.001 0.0001 0.003 0.0020 0.018

8 0.3219 0.153 0.5606 0.506 0.0032 0.345 0.0511 4.440 0.0008 0.002 0.0122 0.018 0.0001 0.000 0.0041 0.001 0.0001 0.003 0.0021 0.021

9 0.4769 0.194 1.0375 0.700 0.0037 0.255 0.0547 4.695 0.0010 0.003 0.0132 0.021 0.0001 0.000 0.0042 0.001 0.0001 0.004 0.0021 0.025

10 0.6319 0.196 1.6694 0.896 0.0041 0.324 0.0588 5.018 0.0012 0.002 0.0144 0.023 0.0001 0.000 0.0044 0.002 0.0001 0.003 0.0022 0.027

11 0.6706 0.212 2.3400 1.108 0.0036 0.410 0.0624 5.428 0.0007 0.001 0.0151 0.024 0.0001 0.000 0.0045 0.002 0.0002 0.002 0.0024 0.030

12 0.7093 0.311 3.0493 1.419 0.0030 0.398 0.0654 5.825 0.0002 0.003 0.0152 0.026 0.0001 0.000 0.0046 0.002 0.0003 0.003 0.0026 0.033

13 0.8903 0.366 3.9396 1.785 0.0074 0.330 0.0728 6.156 0.0001 0.004 0.0153 0.030 0.0003 0.000 0.0049 0.003 0.0001 0.004 0.0027 0.037

14 0.4626 0.442 4.4022 2.227 0.0038 0.291 0.0766 6.447 0.0002 0.005 0.0155 0.035 0.0002 0.000 0.0051 0.003 0.0003 0.005 0.0030 0.042

15 0.0348 0.556 4.4370 2.783 0.0003 0.272 0.0769 6.718 0.0003 0.007 0.0159 0.042 0.0001 0.000 0.0052 0.003 0.0005 0.006 0.0035 0.048

16 0.1351 0.496 4.5721 3.279 0.0015 0.249 0.0784 6.967 0.0003 0.007 0.0161 0.049 0.0001 0.001 0.0053 0.004 0.0008 0.006 0.0042 0.053

17 0.2354 0.474 4.8076 3.753 0.0027 0.246 0.0810 7.213 0.0002 0.007 0.0163 0.056 0.0001 0.001 0.0054 0.005 0.0010 0.006 0.0052 0.059

18 0.0728 0.453 4.8803 4.206 0.0038 0.242 0.0848 7.455 0.0000 0.008 0.0163 0.064 0.0004 0.001 0.0058 0.006 0.0005 0.006 0.0058 0.065

19 0.0609 0.432 4.9412 4.637 0.0037 0.239 0.0885 7.694 0.0000 0.008 0.0164 0.072 0.0003 0.002 0.0060 0.008 0.0008 0.006 0.0066 0.071

20 0.0490 0.411 4.9903 5.048 0.0036 0.235 0.0921 7.929 0.0001 0.009 0.0165 0.080 0.0002 0.002 0.0063 0.009 0.0010 0.006 0.0076 0.077

21 0.0371 0.390 5.0274 5.438 0.0035 0.232 0.0956 8.161 0.0001 0.009 0.0166 0.090 0.0002 0.002 0.0065 0.012 0.0013 0.006 0.0089 0.084

22 0.0253 0.369 5.0526 5.807 0.0034 0.229 0.0990 8.389 0.0001 0.010 0.0167 0.099 0.0001 0.002 0.0066 0.014 0.0015 0.006 0.0105 0.090 Cumulative Daily Cumulative Daily Cumulative Daily Cumulative Daily Cumulative Daily N2O

CH4 VOC NH3 Field NH3 Lab

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound/Tons of Feedstock

Day



# VOC Daily Emissions

VOC (ASP) VOC (Windrow)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound / Ton of Feedstock

Day



# CH 4 

# Daily Emissions

CH4 (ASP) CH4 (Windrow) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound/Tons of Feedstock

Day



# VOC Cumulative Emissions

VOC (ASP) VOC (Windrow)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound / Ton of Feedstock

Day



# CH 4 

# Cumulative Emissions

CH4 (ASP) CH4 (Windrow)0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound / Ton of Feedstock

Day



# NH 3 

# (lab) Daily Emissions

NH3 Lab (ASP) NH3 Lab (Windrow) 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound /Ton of Feedstock

Day



# NH 3 

# (field) Daily Emissions

NH3 Field (ASP) NH3 Field (Windrow)

0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound / Ton of Feedstock

Day 

# N 2 

# O Daily Emissions

N2O (ASP) N2O (Windrow) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound /Ton of Feedstock

Day



# NH 3 

# (field) Cumulative Emissions

NH3 Field (ASP) NH3 Field (Windrow)

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound / Ton of Feedstock

Day



# NH 3 

# (lab) Cumulative Emissions

NH3 Lab (ASP) NH3 Lab (Windrow)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound / Ton of Feedstock

Day



# N 2 

# O Cumulative Emissions

N2O (ASP) N2O (Windrow)

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Combo Time Series

Emissions (pounds/ton)

Day CH4 CO2 NH3 Field NH3 Lab VOC N2O CH4 CO2 NH3 Field NH3 Lab VOC N2O

1 0.0037 2.56 0.0011 0.0005 0.0024 0.0002 0.002 22.579 0.001 0.000 0.267 0.003

2 0.0075 5.11 0.0023 0.0010 0.0047 0.0005 0.003 28.125 0.001 0.000 0.334 0.003

3 0.0112 7.67 0.0034 0.0016 0.0071 0.0007 0.011 29.827 0.003 0.000 0.969 0.002

4 0.0212 11.00 0.0032 0.0004 0.0264 0.0002 0.040 24.731 0.003 0.000 0.788 0.002

5 0.0165 8.72 0.0005 0.0001 0.0020 0.0003 0.068 21.756 0.003 0.000 0.676 0.002

6 0.0118 8.27 0.0003 0.0001 0.0024 0.0001 0.104 20.226 0.003 0.000 0.607 0.003

7 0.1668 8.78 0.0005 0.0001 0.0028 0.0001 0.125 15.885 0.003 0.000 0.454 0.003

8 0.3219 9.30 0.0008 0.0001 0.0032 0.0001 0.153 12.990 0.002 0.000 0.345 0.003

9 0.4769 9.82 0.0010 0.0001 0.0037 0.0001 0.194 10.886 0.003 0.000 0.255 0.004

10 0.6319 10.33 0.0012 0.0001 0.0041 0.0001 0.196 27.246 0.002 0.000 0.324 0.003

11 0.6706 10.97 0.0007 0.0001 0.0036 0.0002 0.212 44.204 0.001 0.000 0.410 0.002

12 0.7093 11.61 0.0002 0.0001 0.0030 0.0003 0.311 46.728 0.003 0.000 0.398 0.003

13 0.8903 20.19 0.0001 0.0003 0.0074 0.0001 0.366 42.700 0.004 0.000 0.330 0.004

14 0.4626 11.72 0.0002 0.0002 0.0038 0.0003 0.442 41.956 0.005 0.000 0.291 0.005

15 0.0348 3.25 0.0003 0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.556 44.327 0.007 0.000 0.272 0.006

16 0.1351 6.97 0.0003 0.0001 0.0015 0.0008 0.496 40.881 0.007 0.001 0.249 0.006

17 0.2354 10.68 0.0002 0.0001 0.0027 0.0010 0.474 40.547 0.007 0.001 0.246 0.006

18 0.0728 10.80 0.0000 0.0004 0.0038 0.0005 0.453 40.215 0.008 0.001 0.242 0.006

19 0.0609 10.27 0.0000 0.0003 0.0037 0.0008 0.432 39.883 0.008 0.002 0.239 0.006

20 0.0490 9.75 0.0001 0.0002 0.0036 0.0010 0.411 39.553 0.009 0.002 0.235 0.006

21 0.0371 9.23 0.0001 0.0002 0.0035 0.0013 0.390 39.225 0.009 0.002 0.232 0.006

22 0.0253 8.71 0.0001 0.0001 0.0034 0.0015 0.37 38.8973 0.0096 0.0023 0.2285 0.0065 ASP Windrow

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 CO2 CH4 and other Polluants

Day 

# Windrow

(Pound of Pollutant/Ton of Feedstock)

CH4 NH3 Field NH3 Lab VOC N2O CO2 0 5 10 15 20 25

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 CO2 CH4 and other Pollutants

Day 

# ASP

(Pound of Pollutant/Ton of Feedstock)

CH4 NH3 Field NH3 Lab VOC N2O CO2Table 2. Summary of ASP Flux Testing Data, Concentration Data (ppmvC, mg/m3), and Calculated Flux (mg/m2,min-1).



## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Sample Data for ASP

SOURCE DAY LOCATION 25.3 207.1 TO-15 N-6600 NH3/T NH3/T Methane Methane CO2 CO2 TNMNEOC TNMNEOC NMNEO Trap NMNEO Tank NH3/Lab NH3 Vol NH3/Lab Total Flow Methane CO2 NH3/Tube NH3/Lab TNMNEOC N2O SOURCE DAY COMMENT

ID ID ID ID (ppmv) (mg/m3) (ppmvC) (ppmv) (ppmvC) (mg/m3) (ppmvC) (mg/m3) (ppmv) (ppmv) (mg) (m3) (mg/m3) (m3/min) Flux Flux Flux Flux Flux Flux

ASP ZONE 3 3 NW G-109 NA NA NA 6.5 4.6 10.3 6.87 3200 5867 12.4 8.27 1.87 10.5 NA NA NA 0.0471 2.49 2126 1.67 NA 3.00 NA ASP ZONE 3 3

ASP ZONE 3 3 SW G-110 NA NA NA 4.0 2.8 12.4 8.27 1.23 2.26 7.28 4.85 1.67 5.61 NA NA NA 0.0130 0.827 0.226 0.283 NA 0.485 NA ASP ZONE 3 3 CO2 % ??

ASP ZONE 3 3 NE G-111 A-103 T-103 N-103 3 2.1 47.4 31.6 8700 15950 6.96 4.64 2.04 4.92 0.016 0.00832 1.92 0.0297 7.22 3644 0.485 0.439 1.06 0.201 ASP ZONE 3 3

ASP ZONE 3 3 SE G-112 NA NA NA 9 6.4 13.6 9.07 7000 12833 23.2 15.5 1.72 21.5 NA NA NA 0.0283 1.97 2794 1.39 3.37 NA ASP ZONE 3 3

ASP ZONE 3 4 NW G-213 NA NA NA 7 5.0 23.9 15.9 10000 18333 123 82.0 88.0 35.4 NA NA NA 0.0225 2.76 3173 0.858 NA 14.2 NA ASP ZONE 3 4

ASP ZONE 3 4 SW G-214 NA NA NA 5 3.5 19.2 12.8 10000 18333 40.4 26.9 37.9 2.54 NA NA NA 0.0160 1.58 2256 0.436 NA 3.31 NA ASP ZONE 3 4

ASP ZONE 3 4 NE G-215 A-204 T-204 N-204 3 2.1 48.5 32.3 6000 11000 10.7 7.13 5.49 5.25 0.008 0.0193 0.415 0.0369 9.18 3122 0.603 0.118 2.02 0.0520 < ASP ZONE 3 4

ASP ZONE 3 4 SE G-216 NA NA NA 5 3.5 13.6 9.07 5000 9167 17.9 11.9 8.30 9.60 NA NA NA 0.0272 1.90 1918 0.741 NA 2.50 NA ASP ZONE 3 4

ASP ZONE 3 4 Top NW- Spatial G-217 NA NA NA 19 13.5 194 129 16000 29333 37.9 25.3 4.52 33.4 NA NA NA 0.0167 16.6 3768 1.73 NA 3.25 NA ASP ZONE 3 4 Spatial variability test

ASP ZONE 3 4 Side SE- Spatial G-218 NA NA NA 5 3.5 18.4 12.3 8000 14667 99.8 66.5 7.65 92.2 NA NA NA 0.0370 3.49 4174 1.01 NA 18.9 NA ASP ZONE 3 4 Spatial variability test

ASP ZONE 3 4 QC- Replicate G-219 NA NA NA 5 3.5 19.1 12.7 10 18.3 104 69.3 5.99 98.0 NA NA NA 0.0311 3.05 4.39 0.847 NA 16.6 NA ASP ZONE 3 4 QC- replicate

ASP ZONE 3 5 NW G-309 A-303 T-303 N-303 1 0.71 30.5 20.3 9000 16500 4.06 2.71 0.5 < 4.06 0.004 < 0.0155 < 0.258 < 0.0160 2.50 2031 0.0872 0.0318 < 0.333 0.0767 ASP ZONE 3 5

ASP ZONE 3 5 SW G-310 NA NA NA 1 0.71 36.7 24.5 13000 23833 5.12 3.41 3.44 1.68 NA NA NA 0.0103 1.94 1888 0.0561 NA 0.270 NA ASP ZONE 3 5

ASP ZONE 3 5 NE G-311 NA NA NA 0.5 0.35 110 73.3 12000 22000 8.76 5.84 2.74 6.02 NA NA NA 0.0209 11.8 3537 0.0569 NA 0.939 NA ASP ZONE 3 5

ASP ZONE 3 5 SE G-312 NA NA NA 3 2.1 20.9 13.9 8000 14667 7.01 4.67 1.98 5.04 NA NA NA 0.0202 2.17 2279 0.3302 NA 0.726 NA ASP ZONE 3 5

ASP ZONE 3 6 NW G-409 A-403 T-403 N-403 0.05 < 0.035 < 32.7 21.8 15000 27500 13.8 9.20 8.28 5.53 0.009 0.0183 0.492 0.0100 1.68 2115 0.00272 < 0.0378 0.708 0.0141 < ASP ZONE 3 6

ASP ZONE 3 6 SW G-410 NA NA NA 1 0.71 16.5 11.0 7000 12833 4.26 2.84 3.75 1.0 < NA NA NA 0.0155 1.31 1530 0.0845 NA 0.339 NA ASP ZONE 3 6

ASP ZONE 3 6 NE G-411 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 80.2 53.5 10000 18333 4.38 2.92 0.5 < 4.38 NA NA NA 0.0204 8.39 2877 0.00556 < NA 0.458 NA ASP ZONE 3 6

ASP ZONE 3 6 SE G-412 NA NA NA 4 2.8 29.2 19.5 16000 29333 19.0 12.7 5.77 13.2 NA NA NA 0.0120 1.80 2708 0.262 NA 1.17 NA ASP ZONE 3 6

ASP ZONE 2 10 NW G-105 A-102 T-102 N-102 5 3.5 4264 2843 33000 60500 35.8 23.9 0.5 < 35.8 0.004 < 0.0111 < 0.360 < 0.0136 297 6329 0.371 0.0377 < 2.50 0.0192 < ASP ZONE 2 10

ASP ZONE 2 10 SW G-106 NA NA NA 3 2.1 42.1 28.1 2344 4297 3.16 2.11 3.09 1.0 < NA NA NA 0.0256 5.53 846 0.418 NA 0.415 NA ASP ZONE 2 10

ASP ZONE 2 10 NE G-107 NA NA NA 2 1.4 3155 2103 13100 24017 6.78 4.52 0.5 < 6.78 NA NA NA 0.0236 382 4360 0.257 NA 0.821 NA ASP ZONE 2 10

ASP ZONE 2 10 SE G-108 NA NA NA 3 2.1 208 139 1.06 1.94 8.42 5.61 1.36 7.06 NA NA NA 0.0194 20.7 0.290 0.317 NA 0.838 NA ASP ZONE 2 10 CO2% ??

ASP ZONE 2 12 NW G-305 A-302 T-302 N-302 0.05 < 0.035 < 4480 2987 22000 40333 19.7 13.1 3.91 15.8 0.004 < 0.0170 < 0.235 < 0.0213 489 6608 0.00580 < 0.0386 < 2.15 0.0751 ASP ZONE 2 12

ASP ZONE 2 12 SW G-306 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 179 119 3000 5500 3.84 2.56 2.71 1.14 NA NA NA 0.0175 16.06 740 0.00477 < NA 0.345 NA ASP ZONE 2 12

ASP ZONE 2 12 NE G-307 NA NA NA 0.5 0.35 4659 3106 24000 44000 7.45 4.97 0.5 < 7.45 NA NA NA 0.0115 275 3892 0.0313 NA 0.439 NA ASP ZONE 2 12

ASP ZONE 2 12 SE G-308 NA NA NA 1 0.71 93.6 62.4 5000 9167 3.43 2.29 2.22 1.21 NA NA NA 0.0244 11.7 1721 0.133 NA 0.429 NA ASP ZONE 2 12

ASP ZONE 2 13 NW G-405 A-402 T-402 N-402 0.2 0.14 4968 3312 52000 95333 85.5 57.0 0.5 < 85.5 0.013 0.0181 0.718 0.0145 369 10633 0.0158 0.0801 6.36 0.0204 < ASP ZONE 2 13

ASP ZONE 2 13 SW G-406 NA NA NA 0.8 0.57 927 618 6000 11000 3.82 2.55 3.82 1.0 ND NA NA NA 0.0179 85.1 1515 0.0780 NA 0.351 NA ASP ZONE 2 13

ASP ZONE 2 13 NE G-407 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 4315 2877 25000 45833 13.0 8.67 0.5 < 12.6 NA NA NA 0.0183 405 6452 0.00499 < NA 1.22 NA ASP ZONE 2 13

ASP ZONE 2 13 SE G-408 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 1410 940 15000 27500 3.33 2.22 0.5 < 3.33 NA NA NA 0.0186 134 3935 0.00507 < NA 0.318 NA ASP ZONE 2 13

ASP ZONE 1 15 NW G-101 A-101 T-101 N-101 0.5 0.35 44.9 29.9 2890 5298 1.0 < 0.67 < 0.91 1.0 ND 0.004 < 0.0222 < 0.180 < 0.0165 3.80 672 0.0450 0.023 < 0.0846 < 0.133 ASP ZONE 1 15 Over watered; not representative

ASP ZONE 1 15 SW G-102 NA NA NA 4 2.8 243 162 5554 10182 1.0 < 0.67 < 0.5 < 1.0 ND NA NA NA 0.0101 12.6 791 0.220 NA 0.0518 < ASP ZONE 1 15 Over watered; not representative

ASP ZONE 1 15 NE G-103 NA NA N 0.05 < 0.035 < 27.3 18.2 2317 4248 1.0 < 0.67 < 0.78 1.0 ND NA NA NA 0.0152 2.13 497 0.00414 < NA 0.0779 < NA ASP ZONE 1 15 Over watered; not representative

ASP ZONE 1 15 SE G-104 NA NA N 1 0.71 228 152 6801 12469 1.09 0.73 0.50 < 1.0 < NA NA NA 0.0174 20.3 1669 0.0948 NA 0.0973 NA ASP ZONE 1 15 Over watered; not representative

ASP ZONE 1 17 NW G-301 A-301 T-301 N-301 1 0.71 480 320 12000 22000 9.05 6.03 0.5 < 9.05 0.004 < 0.0154 < 0.260 < 0.0161 39.6 2725 0.0877 0.0322 < 0.747 0.288 ASP ZONE 1 17

ASP ZONE 1 17 SW G-302 NA NA NA 0.5 0.35 1063 709 11000 20167 4.89 3.26 0.5 < 4.89 NA NA NA 0.0115 62.7 1784 0.0313 NA 0.288 NA ASP ZONE 1 17

ASP ZONE 1 17 NE G-303 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 359 239 10000 18333 7.20 4.80 2.79 4.41 NA NA NA 0.0152 28.0 2144 0.00414 < NA 0.561 NA ASP ZONE 1 17

ASP ZONE 1 17 SE G-304 NA NA N 0.5 0.35 760 507 11000 20167 7.99 5.33 2.80 5.20 NA NA NA 0.0340 133 5274 0.0926 NA 1.39 NA ASP ZONE 1 17

ASP ZONE 1 18 NW G-401 A-401 T-401 N-401 0.05 < 0.035 < 300 200.0 25000 45833 24.9 16.6 9.14 15.7 0.024 0.0163 1.47 0.0087 13.4 3067 0.00237 < 0.0985 1.11 0.151 ASP ZONE 1 18

ASP ZONE 1 18 SW G-402 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 221 147 9000 16500 9.28 6.19 6.55 2.73 NA NA NA 0.0183 20.7 2323 0.00499 < NA 0.871 NA ASP ZONE 1 18

ASP ZONE 1 18 NE G-403 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 47.5 31.7 7000 12833 10.5 7.00 7.69 2.78 NA NA NA 0.0203 4.94 2004 0.00553 < NA 1.09 NA ASP ZONE 1 18

ASP ZONE 1 18 SE G-404 NA NA NA 0.05 < 0.035 < 697 465 28000 51333 19.3 12.9 0.5 < 19.0 NA NA NA 0.0118 42.2 4659 0.00321 < NA 1.17 NA ASP ZONE 1 18

ASP ZONE 1 23 NW G-501 A-501 T-501 N-501 0.05 < 0.035 < 85.2 56.8 23000 42167 24.4 16.3 1.17 23.2 0.004 < 0.0185 < 0.216 < 0.0084 3.67 2725 0.00229 < 0.0140 < 1.05 0.500 ASP ZONE 1 23

ASP ZONE 1 23 SW G-502 NA NA NA 0.1 0.071 99.0 66.0 16000 29333 15.3 10.2 2.57 12.8 NA NA NA 0.0101 5.13 2279 0.00550 NA 0.792 NA ASP ZONE 1 23

ASP ZONE 1 23 NE G-503 NA NA NA 1 0.71 17.9 11.9 5000 9167 6.83 4.55 2.77 4.06 NA NA NA 0.0262 2.41 1847 0.143 NA 0.918 NA ASP ZONE 1 23

Media Blank NA QC-Blank G-120 NA NA NA NA NA 1 ND 0.67 ND 12.6 23.1 1.0 ND 0.67 ND 0.8 1 ND NA NA NA 0.005 0.0256 ND 0.888 NA NA 0.0256 ND NA Media Blank NA

Media Blank NA QC-Blank G-220 NA NA NA NA NA 1 ND 0.67 ND 0.4 0.733 1.0 ND 0.67 ND 0.51 1 ND NA NA NA 0.005 0.0256 ND 0.0282 NA NA 0.0256 ND NA Media Blank NA

Media Blank NA QC-Blank G-320 NA NA NA NA NA 3.71 2.47 33.8 62.0 1.43 0.95 0.75 1 < 0.004 < 0.0200 < 0.200 < 0.005 0.0951 2.38 NA 0.00769 < 0.0367 NA Media Blank NA

Medial Blank NA QC- Blank G-418 A-406 T-406 N-406 NA NA 1 ND 0.67 ND 19000 34833 1.0 ND 0.67 ND 0.6 1 ND NA NA NA 0.005 0.0256 ND 1340 NA NA 0.0256 ND 0.00705 < Medial Blank NA CO2 ppmv ??

Media Blank NA QC-Blank G-605 NA NA NA NA NA 0.005 NA NA Media Blank NA

TNMNEO- Total non-methane non-ethane organic carbon reported as methane (carbon # = 1) Flux = (concentration, mg/m3)(total flow, m3/min)/(surface area, 0.13 m2) = mg/m2,min-1

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, ASP Daily Simulation

Flux (mg/min-m2) Emissions (pounds) Emissions (pounds/ton) Day CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O Area CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O CO2e

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 785 0.0000

1 1.0 713.6 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.07 785 3 1,778 0.79 0.36 1.64 0.17 0.0037 2.56 0.0011 0.0005 0.0024 0.0002 2.7211

2 2.1 1427.2 0.6 0.3 1.3 0.13 785 5 3,556 1.59 0.73 3.28 0.33 0.0075 5.11 0.0023 0.0010 0.0047 0.0005 5.4422

3 3 2,141 0.96 0.44 1.98 0.20 785 8 5,335 2.38 1.09 4.93 0.50 0.0112 7.67 0.0034 0.0016 0.0071 0.0007 8.1633

4 6 3,069 0.90 0.12 7.37 0.05 785 15 7,647 2.23 0.29 18.36 0.13 0.0212 11.00 0.0032 0.0004 0.0264 0.0002 11.5805

5 5 2,434 0.13 0.03 0.57 0.08 785 11 6,065 0.33 0.08 1.41 0.19 0.0165 8.72 0.0005 0.0001 0.0020 0.0003 9.2132

6 3 2,308 0.09 0.04 0.67 0.01 785 8 5,750 0.22 0.09 1.67 0.04 0.0118 8.27 0.0003 0.0001 0.0024 0.0001 8.5779

7 46.6 2451.6 0.2 0.04 0.8 0.0 785 116 6,109 0.38 0.09 1.96 0.04 0.1668 8.78 0.0005 0.0001 0.0028 0.0001 12.9712

8 89.8 2595.7 0.2 0.04 0.9 0.0 785 224 6,468 0.53 0.09 2.26 0.04 0.3219 9.30 0.0008 0.0001 0.0032 0.0001 17.3644

9 133.1 2739.8 0.3 0.04 1.0 0.0 785 332 6,827 0.69 0.09 2.55 0.04 0.4769 9.82 0.0010 0.0001 0.0037 0.0001 21.7577

10 176 2,884 0.34 0.04 1.14 0.02 785 439 7,186 0.85 0.09 2.85 0.05 0.6319 10.33 0.0012 0.0001 0.0041 0.0001 26.1510

11 187.2 3062.2 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 785 466 7,630 0.48 0.10 2.47 0.12 0.6706 10.97 0.0007 0.0001 0.0036 0.0002 27.7872

12 198 3,240 0.04 0.04 0.84 0.08 785 493 8,075 0.11 0.10 2.10 0.19 0.7093 11.61 0.0002 0.0001 0.0030 0.0003 29.4233

13 248 5,634 0.03 0.08 2.06 0.02 785 619 14,038 0.06 0.20 5.14 0.05 0.8903 20.19 0.0001 0.0003 0.0074 0.0001 42.4653

14 129.1 3270.4 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.1 785 322 8,149 0.15 0.13 2.67 0.19 0.4626 11.72 0.0002 0.0002 0.0038 0.0003 23.3632

15 10 907 0.09 0.02 0.08 0.13 785 24 2,261 0.23 0.06 0.19 0.33 0.0348 3.25 0.0003 0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 4.2612

16 37.7 1944.5 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 785 94 4,845 0.18 0.07 1.03 0.52 0.1351 6.97 0.0003 0.0001 0.0015 0.0008 10.5673

17 66 2,982 0.05 0.03 0.75 0.29 785 164 7,430 0.13 0.08 1.86 0.72 0.2354 10.68 0.0002 0.0001 0.0027 0.0010 16.8735

18 20 3,013 0.00 0.10 1.06 0.15 785 51 7,509 0.01 0.25 2.64 0.38 0.0728 10.80 0.0000 0.0004 0.0038 0.0005 12.7759

19 17.0 2867.4 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 785 42 7,145 0.03 0.20 2.57 0.55 0.0609 10.27 0.0000 0.0003 0.0037 0.0008 12.0298

20 13.7 2721.5 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.3 785 34 6,782 0.06 0.16 2.50 0.72 0.0490 9.75 0.0001 0.0002 0.0036 0.0010 11.2837

21 10.4 2575.6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.4 785 26 6,418 0.08 0.12 2.43 0.90 0.0371 9.23 0.0001 0.0002 0.0035 0.0013 10.5376

22 7.0 2429.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 785 18 6,054 0.10 0.08 2.36 1.07 0.0253 8.71 0.0001 0.0001 0.0034 0.0015 9.7914

23 4 2,284 0.05 0.01 0.92 0.50 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

24 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

25 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

26 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

27 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

28 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

29 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

30 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

31 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

32 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

33 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

34 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

35 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

36 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

37 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

38 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

39 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

40 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

41 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

42 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

43 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

44 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

45 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

46 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

47 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

48 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

49 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

50 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

51 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

52 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

53 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

54 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

55 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

56 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

57 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

58 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

59 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

60 4 2284 0.05 0.01 0.9 0.5 785 9 5,691 0.13 0.03 2.29 1.25 0.0134 8.18 0.0002 0.0001 0.0033 0.0018 9.0453

Simulations -- 60 Day Total 3,868 359,300 16 6 156 55 Pounds 679

6 517 0.02 0.01 0.22 0.08 #/ton mix

30 Day 3,588 188,582 13 5 87 17 Pounds

5 271 0.02 0.01 0.13 0.02 #/ton mix

22 Day 3,514 143,058 12 5 69 7

5 206 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.01 #/ton mixProcess Day CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O

3 3 2,141 0.96 0.44 1.98 0.20

4 6 3,069 0.90 0.12 7.37 0.05

5 5 2,434 0.13 0.03 0.57 0.08

6 3 2,308 0.09 0.04 0.67 0.01

10 176 2,884 0.341 0.038 1.142 0.019

12 198 3,240 0.044 0.039 0.841 0.075

13 248 5,634 0.026 0.080 2.061 0.020

15 10 907 0.091 0.023 0.078 0.133

17 66 2,982 0.054 0.032 0.747 0.288

18 20 3,013 0.004 0.099 1.061 0.151

23 4 2,284 0.050 0.014 0.920 0.500

Prototype Cell Dimensions

Total Cell Area 785 m2 Cycle Length VOC Field Lab CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
22 Day 0.10 0.017 0.007 206 5.1 0.01 335

Zone 1 Mass 405,000 Pounds 30 Day 0.13 0.018 0.007 271 5.2 0.02 407

Zone 2 Mass 490,000 Pounds 60 Day 0.22 0.024 0.008 517 5.6 0.08 679

Zone 3 Mass 495,924 Pounds

Total 1,390,924 Pounds

695.462 tons NH3 Greenhouse Gas

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound/ton/day

Compost Process Day



# VOC Daily Emissions
(ASP)

0 5 10 15 20 25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound/ton/day

Compost Process Day



# CO 2 

# Daily Emissions
(ASP)Table 3. Summary of Windrow Data; Concentration Data (ppmvC, mg/m3) and Flux Data (mg/m2,min-1).



## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Sample Data for Windrow

SOURCE DAY LOCATION Methane CO2 NH3/Tub NH3/La TNMN N2O SOURCE DAY COMMENT

Flux Flux Flux Flux Flux Flux

FRESH DAY OLD CHOP 1 Top 0.0895 3012 0.0242 NA 35.4 NA FRESH DAY OLD CHOP 1 Less than 24 hours old

FRESH CHOP 0 Top 0.0916 5145 0.00262 < NA 81.7 NA FRESH CHOP 0 About 2 hours old post chop

FRESH CHOP 0 QC- Replicate 0.0906 5157 0.00256 < NA 75.3 NA FRESH CHOP 0 QC- Replicate

WINDROW WR-1 2 Top- West 0.448 3534 0.0975 0.0320 < 54.1 0.548 WINDROW WR-1 2

WINDROW WR-1 2 Top- East 0.527 4699 0.107 NA 56.8 NA WINDROW WR-1 2

WINDROW WR-1 2 Side- North 0.495 5644 0.379 NA 44.9 NA WINDROW WR-1 2

WINDROW WR-1 2 Side- South 0.689 6267 0.110 NA 83.4 NA WINDROW WR-1 2

WINDROW WR-1 3 Top- West 3.02 7566 0.00504 < 0.0300 < 167 0.324 WINDROW WR-1 3

WINDROW WR-1 3 Top- East 0.519 4823 0.155 NA 204 NA WINDROW WR-1 3

WINDROW WR-1 3 Side- North 3.57 4363 0.00496 < NA 135 NA WINDROW WR-1 3

WINDROW WR-1 3 Side- South 0.469 3204 2.01 NA 143 NA WINDROW WR-1 3

WINDROW WR-2 9 Top- West 48.9 1264 0.00349 < 0.0206 < 77.7 0.616 WINDROW WR-2 9

WINDROW WR-2 9 Top- East 65.0 2320 0.640 NA 76.5 NA WINDROW WR-2 9

WINDROW WR-2 9 Side- North 15.1 1199 0.463 NA 15.9 NA WINDROW WR-2 9

WINDROW WR-2 9 Side- South 4.68 2712 0.632 NA 5.29 NA WINDROW WR-2 9

WINDROW WR-2 11 Top 63.8 8834 0.0379 0.0595 105 0.422 WINDROW WR-2 11

WINDROW WR-2 11 Side- South 15.3 7687 0.387 NA 48.0 NA WINDROW WR-2 11

WR-2 POST MIX 11 Top 36.6 4062 0.0314 NA 165 NA WR-2 POST MIX 11

WR-2 POST MIX 11 QC-Replicate 31.2 4011 0.0258 0.0467 < 163 0.255 WR-2 POST MIX 11 QC- Replicate

WR-2 POST MIX 11 Side- South 11.5 5686 0.0183 NA 110 NA WR-2 POST MIX 11

WINDROW WR-3 15 Top- East 63.1 6383 4.38 NA 47.4 NA WINDROW WR-3 15

WINDROW WR-3 15 Top- West 70.0 7075 0.371 0.0692 < 27.5 1.05 WINDROW WR-3 15

WINDROW WR-3 15 Side- North 104 11061 0.845 NA 51.3 NA WINDROW WR-3 15

WINDROW WR-3 15 Side- South 206 14227 0.680 NA 62.1 NA WINDROW WR-3 15

WINDROW WR-3 15 Side- N. Spat. 158 6725 0.616 NA 13.6 NA WINDROW WR-3 15 Spatial variability test

WINDROW WR-3 15 Top- Spatial 43.8 4582 0.714 NA 64.0 NA WINDROW WR-3 15 Spatial variability test

WINDROW WR-3 15 QC-Replicate 45.0 4931 0.768 NA 71.0 NA WINDROW WR-3 15 QC-Replicate

WINDROW WR-3 29 Top- West 44.2 8529 4.88 0.853 50.2 1.50 WINDROW WR-3 29

WINDROW WR-3 29 Top- East 58.0 7108 0.00381 < NA 53.4 NA WINDROW WR-3 29

WINDROW WR-3 29 Side- South 39.4 6871 2.84 NA 22.8 NA WINDROW WR-3 29

WINDROW WR-4 63 Top- North 22.8 3349 0.0341 0.0347 < 76.9 0.0176 < WINDROW WR-4 63

WINDROW WR-4 63 Top- South 16.1 5420 0.0499 NA 76.0 NA WINDROW WR-4 63

WINDROW WR-4 63 Side- West 4.80 1396 0.216 NA 96.4 NA WINDROW WR-4 63

WINDROW WR-4 63 Side- East 2.89 1625 0.105 NA 67.9 NA WINDROW WR-4 63

Media Blank NA QC-Blank 0.0256 ND 0.888 NA NA 0.0256 ND NA Media Blank NA QC-Blank

Media Blank NA QC-Blank 0.0256 ND 0.0282 NA NA 0.0256 ND NA Media Blank NA QC-Blank

Media Blank NA QC-Blank 0.0951 2.38 NA NA 0.0367 NA Media Blank NA QC-Blank

Medial Blank NA QC- Blank 0.0256 ND 1340 NA 0.00769 < 0.0256 ND 0.00705 < Medial Blank NA QC- Blank

Media Blank NA QC-Blank NA NA Media Blank NA QC-Blank

TNMNEO- Total non-methane non-ethane organic carbon reported as methane (carbon # = 1) Flux = (concentration, mg/m3)(total flow, m3/min)/(surface area, 0.13 m2) = mg/m2,min-1

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix B, Daily Windrow Simulation

21

Flux Emissions (pounds) Emissions (pounds per ton) 738.54 200.4 163 Day CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O Area MF CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O CO2e TAP Site 2 Site 1

0 0 3012 0 0 35 1 1311 1.08 0 13,486 0.11 0.14 158.36 2.45 0 0 18 0.0001 0.0002 0.214 0.0033 19.3018 0.21

1 0.3 4024.2 0.1 0.0 47.6 0.5 1305 1.00 1 16,675 0.41 0.13 197.15 2.27 1 0.002 23 0.0006 0.0002 0.267 0.0031 23.5687 0.27 0 0

2 0.5 5036.0 0.2 0.0 59.8 0.5 1299 1.00 2 20,772 0.72 0.13 246.58 2.26 2 0.003 28 0.0010 0.0002 0.334 0.0031 29.1371 0.33 0 1

3 2 4989 1 0 162 0 1293 1.08 8 22,028 2.40 0.13 715.72 1.43 3 0.011 30 0.0033 0.0002 0.969 0.0019 30.6640 0.97 0 1

4 7.1 4469.9 0.5 0.0 142.4 0.4 1287 1.00 29 18,265 2.15 0.12 581.86 1.52 4 0.040 25 0.0029 0.0002 0.788 0.0021 26.1999 0.79 0 1

5 12.4 3950.6 0.5 0.0 122.7 0.4 1281 1.00 50 16,067 2.07 0.11 498.97 1.71 5 0.068 22 0.0028 0.0001 0.676 0.0023 23.9078 0.68 0 1

6 17.6 3431.3 0.5 0.0 103.0 0.5 1275 1.08 77 14,938 2.13 0.11 448.30 2.04 6 0.104 20 0.0029 0.0001 0.607 0.0028 23.2687 0.61 0 1

7 22.9 2912.0 0.5 0.0 83.3 0.5 1269 1.00 92 11,732 1.90 0.10 335.47 2.09 7 0.125 16 0.0026 0.0001 0.454 0.0028 19.3849 0.45 0 0

8 28.2 2392.7 0.5 0.0 63.6 0.6 1263 1.00 113 9,594 1.82 0.09 254.85 2.27 8 0.153 13 0.0025 0.0001 0.345 0.0031 17.1541 0.35 0 0

9 33.4 1873.5 0.4 0.0 43.9 0.6 1257 1.08 143 8,040 1.87 0.09 188.19 2.64 9 0.194 11 0.0025 0.0001 0.255 0.0036 16.0714 0.25 0 0

10 36.5 5067.0 0.3 0.0 60.2 0.5 1251 1.00 145 20,122 1.29 0.16 239.03 2.06 10 0.196 27 0.0017 0.0002 0.324 0.0028 32.2296 0.32 0 0

11 39.5 8260.6 0.2 0.1 76.5 0.4 1245 1.00 156 32,646 0.84 0.24 302.45 1.67 11 0.212 44 0.0011 0.0003 0.410 0.0023 49.3478 0.41 0 0

12 54.3 8159.1 0.5 0.1 69.4 0.6 1239 1.08 230 34,510 1.94 0.26 293.65 2.45 12 0.311 47 0.0026 0.0004 0.398 0.0033 54.2874 0.40 0 0

13 69.1 8057.6 0.7 0.1 62.3 0.7 1233 1.00 270 31,535 2.76 0.25 243.91 2.88 13 0.366 43 0.0037 0.0003 0.330 0.0039 51.5956 0.33 0 0

14 83.8 7956.2 0.9 0.1 55.2 0.9 1227 1.00 327 30,986 3.70 0.26 215.04 3.48 14 0.442 42 0.0050 0.0004 0.291 0.0047 52.6995 0.29 0 0

15 99 7855 1 0 48 1 1221 1.08 411 32,737 4.98 0.29 200.52 4.38 15 0.556 44 0.0067 0.0004 0.272 0.0059 57.8490 0.27 0 0

16 94.9 7829.6 1.3 0.1 47.7 1.1 1215 1.00 366 30,192 4.99 0.48 183.88 4.17 16 0.496 41 0.0068 0.0007 0.249 0.0056 53.0417 0.25 0 0

17 91.3 7804.4 1.4 0.2 47.3 1.1 1209 1.00 350 29,946 5.34 0.69 181.32 4.27 17 0.474 41 0.0072 0.0009 0.246 0.0058 52.2981 0.25 0 0

18 87.6 7779.2 1.5 0.2 46.8 1.1 1203 1.00 334 29,700 5.69 0.91 178.78 4.37 18 0.453 40 0.0077 0.0012 0.242 0.0059 51.5594 0.24 0 0

19 83.9 7754.1 1.6 0.3 46.4 1.2 1196 1.00 319 29,455 6.04 1.11 176.26 4.47 19 0.432 40 0.0082 0.0015 0.239 0.0061 50.8254 0.24 0 0

20 80.2 7728.9 1.7 0.3 46.0 1.2 1190 1.00 303 29,212 6.38 1.32 173.75 4.57 20 0.411 40 0.0086 0.0018 0.235 0.0062 50.0962 0.24 0 0

21 76.6 7703.8 1.8 0.4 45.5 1.2 1184 1.00 288 28,969 6.72 1.52 171.26 4.67 21 0.390 39 0.0091 0.0021 0.232 0.0063 49.3718 0.23 0 0

22 72.9 7678.6 1.9 0.5 45.1 1.3 1178 1.00 273 28,727 7.06 1.72 168.79 4.77 22 0.369 39 0.0096 0.0023 0.229 0.0065 48.6523 0.23 0 0

23 69.2 7653.5 2.0 0.5 44.7 1.3 1172 1.08 277 30,636 7.94 2.07 178.88 5.23 23 0.375 41 0.0108 0.0028 0.242 0.0071 51.5548 0.24 0 0

24 65.6 7628.3 2.1 0.6 44.3 1.3 1166 1.00 243 28,246 7.71 2.12 163.89 4.95 24 0.329 38 0.0104 0.0029 0.222 0.0067 47.2275 0.22 0 0

25 61.9 7603.2 2.2 0.6 43.8 1.4 1160 1.00 228 28,007 8.04 2.32 161.47 5.04 25 0.309 38 0.0109 0.0031 0.219 0.0068 46.5223 0.22 0 0

26 58.2 7578.0 2.3 0.7 43.4 1.4 1154 1.00 213 27,769 8.36 2.51 159.06 5.14 26 0.289 38 0.0113 0.0034 0.215 0.0070 45.8219 0.22 0 0

27 54.5 7552.9 2.4 0.7 43.0 1.4 1148 1.00 199 27,532 8.67 2.70 156.67 5.23 27 0.269 37 0.0117 0.0037 0.212 0.0071 45.1263 0.21 0 0

28 50.9 7527.7 2.5 0.8 42.6 1.5 1142 1.00 184 27,296 8.99 2.89 154.29 5.31 28 0.250 37 0.0122 0.0039 0.209 0.0072 44.4355 0.21 0 0

29 47 7503 3 1 42 1.5 1136 1.08 183 29,103 10.00 3.31 163.40 5.81 29 0.248 39 0.0135 0.0045 0.221 0.0079 47.0508 0.22 0 0

30 46.2 7368.6 2.5 0.8 43.2 1.5 1130 1.00 166 26,437 8.98 2.97 155.05 5.22 30 0.224 36 0.0122 0.0040 0.210 0.0071 42.6939 0.21 0 0

31 45.1 7234.6 2.4 0.8 44.3 1.4 1124 1.00 161 25,817 8.68 2.87 158.12 5.03 31 0.218 35 0.0117 0.0039 0.214 0.0068 41.6471 0.21 0 0

32 44.1 7100.6 2.4 0.8 45.4 1.4 1118 1.00 156 25,203 8.37 2.77 161.15 4.85 32 0.212 34 0.0113 0.0038 0.218 0.0066 40.6091 0.22 0 0

33 43.0 6966.7 2.3 0.8 46.5 1.3 1112 1.00 152 24,594 8.07 2.67 164.14 4.67 33 0.206 33 0.0109 0.0036 0.222 0.0063 39.5799 0.22 0 0

34 42.0 6832.7 2.2 0.7 47.6 1.3 1106 1.00 147 23,990 7.77 2.57 167.09 4.49 34 0.200 32 0.0105 0.0035 0.226 0.0061 38.5595 0.23 0 0

35 40.9 6698.7 2.1 0.7 48.7 1.2 1100 1.08 154 25,156 8.04 2.66 182.82 4.64 35 0.208 34 0.0109 0.0036 0.248 0.0063 40.3812 0.25 0 0

36 39.9 6564.7 2.1 0.7 49.8 1.2 1094 1.00 138 22,798 7.18 2.38 172.86 4.14 36 0.188 31 0.0097 0.0032 0.234 0.0056 36.5451 0.23 0 0

37 38.8 6430.8 2.0 0.7 50.9 1.1 1088 1.00 134 22,209 6.89 2.28 175.68 3.97 37 0.182 30 0.0093 0.0031 0.238 0.0054 35.5510 0.24 0 0

38 37.8 6296.8 1.9 0.6 52.0 1.1 1082 1.00 130 21,626 6.60 2.18 178.46 3.80 38 0.176 29 0.0089 0.0030 0.242 0.0051 34.5658 0.24 0 0

39 36.7 6162.8 1.8 0.6 53.1 1.1 1076 1.00 125 21,047 6.31 2.09 181.20 3.63 39 0.170 28 0.0085 0.0028 0.245 0.0049 33.5894 0.25 0 0

40 35.7 6028.8 1.8 0.6 54.1 1.0 1070 1.00 121 20,474 6.03 2.00 183.89 3.46 40 0.164 28 0.0082 0.0027 0.249 0.0047 32.6218 0.25 0 0

41 34.6 5894.9 1.7 0.6 55.2 1.0 1064 1.00 117 19,906 5.75 1.90 186.54 3.29 41 0.158 27 0.0078 0.0026 0.253 0.0045 31.6630 0.25 0 0

42 33.6 5760.9 1.6 0.5 56.3 0.9 1058 1.08 121 20,803 5.89 1.95 203.43 3.36 42 0.164 28 0.0080 0.0026 0.275 0.0046 33.0305 0.28 0 0

43 32.6 5626.9 1.6 0.5 57.4 0.9 1052 1.00 109 18,786 5.20 1.72 191.73 2.96 43 0.147 25 0.0070 0.0023 0.260 0.0040 29.7717 0.26 0 0

44 31.5 5492.9 1.5 0.5 58.5 0.8 1046 1.00 105 18,233 4.93 1.63 194.25 2.80 44 0.142 25 0.0067 0.0022 0.263 0.0038 28.8392 0.26 0 0

45 30.5 5359.0 1.4 0.5 59.6 0.8 1039 1.00 101 17,686 4.66 1.54 196.74 2.64 45 0.136 24 0.0063 0.0021 0.266 0.0036 27.9156 0.27 0 0

46 29.4 5225.0 1.3 0.4 60.7 0.8 1033 1.00 97 17,143 4.39 1.46 199.18 2.49 46 0.131 23 0.0059 0.0020 0.270 0.0034 27.0007 0.27 0 0

47 28.4 5091.0 1.3 0.4 61.8 0.7 1027 1.00 93 16,606 4.13 1.37 201.59 2.33 47 0.125 22 0.0056 0.0019 0.273 0.0032 26.0947 0.27 0 0

48 27.3 4957.1 1.2 0.4 62.9 0.7 1021 1.00 89 16,074 3.87 1.28 203.95 2.17 48 0.120 22 0.0052 0.0017 0.276 0.0029 25.1974 0.28 0 0

49 26.3 4823.1 1.1 0.4 64.0 0.6 1015 1.00 85 15,547 3.61 1.20 206.26 2.02 49 0.115 21 0.0049 0.0016 0.279 0.0027 24.3090 0.28 0 0

50 25.2 4689.1 1.0 0.3 65.1 0.6 1009 1.00 81 15,025 3.36 1.11 208.54 1.87 50 0.110 20 0.0045 0.0015 0.282 0.0025 23.4293 0.28 0 0

51 24.2 4555.1 1.0 0.3 66.2 0.5 1003 1.00 77 14,509 3.10 1.03 210.78 1.72 51 0.104 20 0.0042 0.0014 0.285 0.0023 22.5585 0.29 0 0

52 23.1 4421.2 0.9 0.3 67.3 0.5 997 1.00 73 13,997 2.86 0.95 212.97 1.57 52 0.099 19 0.0039 0.0013 0.288 0.0021 21.6964 0.29 0 0

53 22.1 4287.2 0.8 0.3 68.4 0.5 991 1.00 70 13,491 2.61 0.87 215.12 1.43 53 0.094 18 0.0035 0.0012 0.291 0.0019 20.8431 0.29 0 0

54 21.1 4153.2 0.8 0.3 69.5 0.4 985 1.00 66 12,990 2.37 0.79 217.23 1.28 54 0.089 18 0.0032 0.0011 0.294 0.0017 19.9986 0.29 0 0

55 20.0 4019.2 0.7 0.2 70.5 0.4 979 1.00 62 12,494 2.12 0.71 219.29 1.14 55 0.084 17 0.0029 0.0010 0.297 0.0015 19.1630 0.30 0 0

56 19.0 3885.3 0.6 0.2 71.6 0.3 973 1.00 59 12,003 1.89 0.63 221.32 1.00 56 0.079 16 0.0026 0.0008 0.300 0.0013 18.3361 0.30 0 0

57 17.9 3751.3 0.5 0.2 72.7 0.3 967 1.00 55 11,517 1.65 0.55 223.30 0.86 57 0.075 16 0.0022 0.0007 0.302 0.0012 17.5180 0.30 0 0

58 16.9 3617.3 0.5 0.2 73.8 0.2 961 1.00 51 11,036 1.42 0.47 225.24 0.72 58 0.070 15 0.0019 0.0006 0.305 0.0010 16.7087 0.30 0 0

59 15.8 3483.3 0.4 0.1 74.9 0.2 955 1.00 48 10,561 1.19 0.40 227.14 0.58 59 0.065 14 0.0016 0.0005 0.308 0.0008 15.9082 0.31 0 0

60 14.8 3349.4 0.3 0.1 76.0 0.1 949 1.00 45 10,090 0.96 0.32 229.00 0.45 60 0.060 14 0.0013 0.0004 0.310 0.0006 15.1165 0.31 0 0

61 13.7 3215.4 0.2 0.1 77.1 0.10 943 1.00 41 9,625 0.74 0.25 230.81 0.31 61 0.056 13 0.0010 0.0003 0.313 0.0004 14.3336 0.31 0

62 12.7 3081.4 0.2 0.1 78.2 0.06 937 1.00 38 9,165 0.52 0.17 232.59 0.18 62 0.051 12 0.0007 0.0002 0.315 0.0002 13.5595 0.31 0

63 12 2947 0 0 79 0.02 931 1.00 34 8,710 0.30 0.10 234.32 0.05 63 0.047 12 0.0004 0.0001 0.317 0.0001 12.7942 0.32 0

64 12 2947 0 0 79 0.02 925 1.00 34 8,653 0.30 0.10 232.80 0.05 64 0.046 12 0.0004 0.0001 0.315 0.0001 12.7112 0.32 0

65 12 2947 0 0 79 0.02 919 1.00 34 8,597 0.29 0.10 231.28 0.05 65 0.046 12 0.0004 0.0001 0.313 0.0001 12.6282 0.31 0

60 Day Total 9,184 1,341,525 284 78 14,728 191 Pounds 12 1,816 0 2,158

12 1,816.47 0.38 0.11 19.94 0.26 #/ton mix

30 Day 5,982 765,362 142 31 7,647 111

8 1,036.32 0.19 0.04 10.35 0.15 #/ton mix

22 Day 4,289 540,334 73 10 6,354 69

6 731.63 0.10 0.01 8.60 0.09Process Day CH4 CO2 NH3 T NH3 L VOC N2O Mixing Event

0 0 3012 0 0 35 0.55 Pre-Mix 77

2 1 5036 0 0 60 0.55 Post Mix 146

3 2 4989 1 0 162 0.32 Cycle Length VOC Field Lab CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Est Decay Perod 2 hours

9 33 1873 0 0 44 0.62 22 Day 8.60 0.099 0.014 732 5.8 883 Estimated Daily Imp 8%

11 40 8261 0 0 77 0.42 30 Day 10.35 0.192 0.042 1,036 8.1 1253 Mix Factor 108%

15 99 7855 1 0 48 1.05 60 Day 19.94 0.385 0.106 1,816 12.4 2158

29 47 7503 3 1 42 1.50

63 12 2947 0 0 79 0.02 NH3 Greenhouse Gas

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound/Ton/Day

Compost Process Day



# VOC Daily Emissions
(Windrow)

0 10 20 30 40 50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pound/Ton/Day

Compost Process Day



# CO 2 

# Daily Emissions
(Windrow)

### ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix C, Emissions from Fuel Use

California Emissions Standard for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines NMHC NOx PM
1996 Emission Standard in grams/bhp/hour 1.2 4 0.05
2007 Emission Standard in grams/bhp/hour 0.14 0.2 0.01



### Table One - Conventional Windrow Operation

(operation begins at grinder discharge point)

Equipment Hrs Oper Average 1996 1996 1996 2007 2007 2007

Task Performed Type per Pile bhp NMHC Nox PM NMHC Nox PM

1. Push ground feedstock from grinder output into stockpile Loader 5.2 250 3.4 11 0.14 0.4 0.6 0.03

2. Load feedstock from stockpile into dump truck Loader 10.5 250 6.9 23 0.29 0.8 1.2 0.06

3. Truck feedstock from stockpile to windrow space Truck 12.6 450 15.0 50 0.63 1.8 2.5 0.13

4. Push up feedstock to shape and size windrow Loader 0.5 250 0.3 1 0.01 0.0 0.1 0.00

5. Drive water truck during windrow formation Truck 0.3 450 0.4 1 0.01 0.0 0.1 0.00

6. Drive water truck to re-water windrow prior to turning Truck 3.5 450 4.2 14 0.17 0.5 0.7 0.03

7. Turn windrow (7 turns: 1 mixing, 5 for PFRP in 15 days, 1 at day 22) Turner 1.7 500 2.2 7 0.09 0.3 0.4 0.02 Total pounds of pollutant for 1260 cy windrow/22 day active phase: 32.49 108.29 1.35 3.79 5.41 0.27

Total pounds of pollutant per ton of feedstock @ 2cy/ton 0.052 0.172 0.002 0.006 0.009 0.000

Tons of pollutant for 100,000 tons per year/22 day active phase 2.58 8.59 0.11 0.30 0.43 0.02



### Table Two - Extended Aerated Static Pile Operation

(operation begins at grinder discharge point)

Equipment Hrs Oper Average 1996 1996 1996 2007 2007 2007

Task Performed Type per Pile bhp NMHC Nox PM NMHC Nox PM

1. Place wood chip plenum layer on ASP bed Loader 0.3 250 0.20 0.66 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00

2. Convey ground feedstock from grinder to ASP Conveyor 6.7 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3. Load finished compost from stockpile into dump truck Loader 0.3 250 0.20 0.66 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00

4. Truck finished compost from stockpile to conveyor station Truck 0.6 450 0.71 2.38 0.03 0.08 0.12 0.01

5. Load finished compost into conveyor Loader 0.8 250 0.53 1.76 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.00

6. Convey finished compost to ASP Conveyor 0.8 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Totals pounds of pollutants for 506 cy eASP / 22 day active phase: 1.640 5.467 0.068 0.191 0.273 0.014
Total pounds of pollutant per ton of feedstock @ 2cy/ton 0.006 0.022 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000

Tons of pollutant for 100,000 tons per year/22 day active phase 0.324 1.081 0.014 0.038 0.054 0.003

Percent reduction over windrow system ` -87% -87% -87% -87% -87% -87%

Tons saved 2.25 7.51 0.09 0.26 0.38 0.02 Pollution production in pounds

Pollution production in pounds

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix C, Diesel Fuel Use Comparison

Composting in Extended Aerated Static Piles vs. Windrows

Table One - Conventional Windrow Operation Windrow Dimensions: 425 feet long 20 feet wide 8 feet high

(operation begins at grinder discharge point) Windrow Volume: 1,260 cubic yards per pile

Equipment Diesel Cubic Yd Cubic Yd Hrs Oper Number Hrs Oper Fuel Use

Task Performed Type Gal/Hr Per Hr Per Pile per Task of Reps per Pile per Pile

1. Push ground feedstock from grinder output into stockpile Loader 3.9 240 1,260 5.2 1 5.2 20.2

2. Load feedstock from stockpile into dump truck Loader 3.9 120 1,260 10.5 1 10.5 40.4

3. Truck feedstock from stockpile to windrow space Truck 1.6 100 1,260 12.6 1 12.6 19.8

4. Push up feedstock to shape and size windrow Loader 3.9 200 100 0.5 1 0.5 1.9

5. Drive water truck during windrow formation Truck 1.6 NA NA 0.25 1 0.3 0.4

6. Drive water truck to re-water windrow prior to turning Truck 1.6 NA NA 0.5 7 3.5 5.5

7. Turn windrow (7 turns: 1 mixing, 5 for PFRP in 15 days, 1 at day 22) Turner 20.3 5,040 1,260 0.2 7 1.7 35.5
Totals for 22 day active phase: 34.3 123.7

Averages for 22 day active phase: 37 Cubic Yards per Operator Hour 10 Cubic Yards per Gallon of Fuel



## Table Two - Extended Aerated Static Pile Operation Pile Dimensions: Test piles averaged 85' long x 35' wide x approx 8' high.

(operation begins at grinder discharge point) Pile Volume: 506 average cubic yards of feedstock per test pile

Equipment Diesel Cubic Yd Cubic Yd Hrs Oper Number Hrs Oper Fuel Use

Task Performed Type Gal/Hr Per Hr Per Pile per Task of Reps per Pile per Pile

1. Place wood chip plenum layer on ASP bed Loader 3.9 120 40 0.33 1 0.3 1.3

2. Convey ground feedstock from grinder to ASP Conveyor 0.0 75 506 6.75 1 6.7 0.0

3. Load finished compost from stockpile into dump truck Loader 3.9 200 60 0.30 1 0.3 1.2

4. Truck finished compost from stockpile to conveyor station Truck 1.6 100 60 0.60 1 0.6 0.9

5. Load finished compost into conveyor Loader 3.9 75 60 0.80 1 0.8 3.1

6. Convey finished compost to ASP Conveyor 0 75 60 0.80 1 0.8 0.0
Totals for 22 day active phase: 9.6 6.5

Averages for 22 day active phase: 53 Cubic Yards per Operator Hour 78 Cubic Yards per Gallon of Fuel

-87%

34 Tons per gallon extra using ASP

2941.176 gallons saved per 100,000 tons

100000 e 38 * e 39Tulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 07 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis Not reported Not reported

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size maxium aggregate size, inches

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 7.9

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 3.4

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090380-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh www.compostlab.com 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones



# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

43.3

43.0

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 

### Zone 1

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3. 5.37

9.9

0.38

Moderately Un-Stable

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

90.0

Select Pathogens

PassTulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 07 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis %, wet weight basis %, dry weight basis

Nitrogen Total N 0.75 1.3

Phosphorus P 2 O 5 0.32 0.57

Potassium K 2 O 0.69 1.2

Calcium Ca 1.1 2.0

Magnesium Mg 0.24 0.42

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size % under 9.5 mm, dw basis

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 7.9

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 3.4

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090380-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 100.0

Moderately Un-Stable 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

43.3

43.0

www.compostlab.com Pass 

### Zone 1

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3.

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

90.0

Select Pathogens 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 5.37

9.924487 Rd. 140

Tulare CA 93274

Product Identification:

Date Sampled/Received: 07 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Test Results Reported as (units of measure) TMECC Test

Method

pH 5.37 Unitless 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry pH

Soluble Salts 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method

(electrical conductivity) Mass Basis

Moisture content 43.3 %, wet weight basis 03.09-A - Total Solids and

Moisture

05.07-A Loss-on-Ignition

Organic Matter Method (LOI)
Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence 100.0 average % of control 05.05-A Germination and vigor
Relative Seedling Vigor 90.0 average % of control

05.08-B Carbon Dioxide
Stability Indicator mg CO2-C/g OM/day Evoultion Rate

%, dry weight passing through 02.02-B Sample Sieving for

100.0 9.5 mm Aggregate Size Classification

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts

Total content

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts
Sharps content

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A 04.06-Heavy Metals standard,

40 CFR 503.13, tables 1 and 3. and Hazardous Elements

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090380-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to test their
compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as a means to better
serve the needs of their compost customers.

For additional information pertaining to compost use, the specific compost parameters tested for within the Seal of Testing
assurance Program, or the program in general, log on to the US Composting Council's TMECC web-site at
http://www.tmecc.org.

This compost product has been sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing assurance Program on the United States Comp osting Council
(USCC), using certain methods from the "Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting" manual. Test results are available upon
request by contacting the compost producer (address at top of page). The USCC makes no warranties regarding this product or i ts content, quality.
or suitability for any particular use.

www.compostlab.com Pass 07.02 Samonella

Heavy Metals Content Pass Pathogens 7.9

Particle Size

Pass 07.01-B Fecal coliforms Pathogens 9.9 dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Organic Matter Content 43.0 %, dry weight basis 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET for Caltrans

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076 tel (831) 724-5422 fax (831) 724-3188 www.compostlab.com TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

Zone 1TEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2090380-1/2-6908 Group: Sep.12 B #27 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 14 Sep. 12 Sample Identification: Zone 1 Sample ID #: 2090380 - 1/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.3 0.75 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 1300 760 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 7.9 10 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 33 18 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 3.4 4.4 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.2 0.68 % Stability Rating moderately unstable unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.57 0.32 % Phosphorus (P): 2500 1400 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.2 0.68 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 10000 5700 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.0 1.1 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.42 0.24 % Seedling Vigor (%) 90 93 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 1900 1100 mg/kg Description of Plants fungus fungus Boron (Total B): 27 15 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 43.3 % Sodium (Na): 0.11 0.063 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.21 0.12 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 5.37 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 25 44 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 14 Sep. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): <0.1 <0.1 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 9.9 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 43.0 24.4 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 23.0 13.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 57.0 32.3 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 18 18 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 10 10 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 6700 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 3.4 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 14 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 3.7 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 0.0 0.0 0.00 Copper (Cu): 60 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 2.7 2.6 0.41 Iron (Fe): 11000 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 6.0 6.2 0.39 Lead (Pb): 25 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 13.7 17.0 0.32 Manganese (Mn): 200 - mg/kg < 2.0 77.6 74.2 0.42 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.8 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 10 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 160 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. September 26, 2012Account No.: Date Received 14 Sep. 12 2090380 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090380

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

7.9 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

10 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

39 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
1300 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
33 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

5.37 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.1 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

10 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

6 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

18 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

9.9 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

0 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

57.0 Percent +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

2.7 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone 1

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + ++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++ All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Sep.12 B No. 27

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++Account No.: Date Received 2090380 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090380

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

7.9 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n 10 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 39 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
1300 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

33 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

5.37 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.1 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone 1 14 Sep. 12

Sep.12 B No. 27Account No.: Date Received

2090380 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090380

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 10 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 6 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 18 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 9.9 High salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 57.0 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 2.7 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 6.4 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 1.52 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.04 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 4.1 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 13.7 14 Sep. 12

Zone 1

Sep.12 B No. 27Tulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 07 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis Not reported Not reported

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size maxium aggregate size, inches

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 9.1

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 4.1

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090380-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh www.compostlab.com 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones



# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

42.3

44.9

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 

### Zone 1 Control

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3. 5.72

11

0.64

Un-Stable

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

91.7

Select Pathogens

PassTulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 07 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis %, wet weight basis %, dry weight basis

Nitrogen Total N 0.78 1.4

Phosphorus P 2 O 5 0.32 0.57

Potassium K 2 O 0.71 1.2

Calcium Ca 1.2 2.0

Magnesium Mg 0.24 0.42

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size % under 9.5 mm, dw basis

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 9.1

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 4.1

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090380-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 97.8

Un-Stable 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

42.3

44.9

www.compostlab.com Pass 

### Zone 1 Control

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3.

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

91.7

Select Pathogens 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 5.72

1124487 Rd. 140

Tulare CA 93274

Product Identification:

Date Sampled/Received: 07 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Test Results Reported as (units of measure) TMECC Test

Method

pH 5.72 Unitless 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry pH

Soluble Salts 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method

(electrical conductivity) Mass Basis

Moisture content 42.3 %, wet weight basis 03.09-A - Total Solids and

Moisture

05.07-A Loss-on-Ignition

Organic Matter Method (LOI)
Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence 100.0 average % of control 05.05-A Germination and vigor
Relative Seedling Vigor 91.7 average % of control

05.08-B Carbon Dioxide
Stability Indicator mg CO2-C/g OM/day Evoultion Rate

%, dry weight passing through 02.02-B Sample Sieving for

97.8 9.5 mm Aggregate Size Classification

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts

Total content

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts
Sharps content

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A 04.06-Heavy Metals standard,

40 CFR 503.13, tables 1 and 3. and Hazardous Elements

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090380-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to test their
compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as a means to better
serve the needs of their compost customers.

For additional information pertaining to compost use, the specific compost parameters tested for within the Seal of Testing
assurance Program, or the program in general, log on to the US Composting Council's TMECC web-site at
http://www.tmecc.org.

This compost product has been sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing assurance Program on the United States Comp osting Council
(USCC), using certain methods from the "Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting" manual. Test results are available upon
request by contacting the compost producer (address at top of page). The USCC makes no warranties regarding this product or i ts content, quality.
or suitability for any particular use.

www.compostlab.com Pass 07.02 Samonella

Heavy Metals Content Pass Pathogens 9.1

Particle Size

Pass 07.01-B Fecal coliforms Pathogens 11 dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Organic Matter Content 44.9 %, dry weight basis 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET for Caltrans

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076 tel (831) 724-5422 fax (831) 724-3188 www.compostlab.com TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

Zone 1 ControlTEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2090380-2/2-6908 Group: Sep.12 B #28 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 14 Sep. 12 Sample Identification: Zone 1 Control Sample ID #: 2090380 - 2/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.4 0.78 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 1800 1100 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 9.1 12 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 16 9.3 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 4.1 5.3 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.2 0.69 % Stability Rating unstable unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.57 0.33 % Phosphorus (P): 2500 1400 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.2 0.70 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 10000 5900 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.0 1.2 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.42 0.24 % Seedling Vigor (%) 92 93 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 2500 1400 mg/kg Description of Plants fungus fungus Boron (Total B): 32 18 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 42.3 % Sodium (Na): 0.12 0.067 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.27 0.15 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 5.72 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 22 38 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 14 Sep. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): <0.1 <0.1 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 11 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 44.9 25.9 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 24.0 14.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 55.1 31.8 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 18 18 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 8 8 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 6600 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 3.6 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 15 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 3.5 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 2.2 1.6 0.47 Copper (Cu): 53 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 3.9 4.6 0.29 Iron (Fe): 9000 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 9.3 11.7 0.27 Lead (Pb): 22 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 18.3 24.8 0.25 Manganese (Mn): 210 - mg/kg < 2.0 66.3 57.4 0.39 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 2.3 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 10 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 170 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. September 26, 2012Account No.: Date Received 14 Sep. 12 2090380 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090380

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

9.1 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

12 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

110 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
1800 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
16 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

5.72 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.2 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

8 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

8 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

18 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

11 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

0 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

55.1 Percent ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

6.1 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone 1 Control

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++ < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Sep.12 B No. 28

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Account No.: Date Received 2090380 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090380

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

9.1 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n
12 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 110 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
1800 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

16 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

5.72 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.2 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone 1 Control 14 Sep. 12

Sep.12 B No. 28Account No.: Date Received

2090380 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090380

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 8 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 8 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 18 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 11 High salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 55.1 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 6.1 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 8.4 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 2.20 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.02 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 4.1 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 14.2 14 Sep. 12

Zone 1 Control

Sep.12 B No. 28Tulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 12 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis Not reported Not reported

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size maxium aggregate size, inches

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 7.9

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 3.7

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090381-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh www.compostlab.com 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones



# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

37.8

46.5

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 

### Zone 2

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3. 6.20

7.4

0.64

Moderately Un-Stable

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

91.7

Select Pathogens

PassTulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 12 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis %, wet weight basis %, dry weight basis

Nitrogen Total N 0.99 1.6

Phosphorus P 2 O 5 0.39 0.64

Potassium K 2 O 0.89 1.4

Calcium Ca 1.3 2.1

Magnesium Mg 0.30 0.48

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size % under 9.5 mm, dw basis

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 7.9

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 3.7

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090381-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 94.7

Moderately Un-Stable 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

37.8

46.5

www.compostlab.com Pass 

### Zone 2

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3.

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

91.7

Select Pathogens 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 6.20

7.424487 Rd. 140

Tulare CA 93274

Product Identification:

Date Sampled/Received: 12 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Test Results Reported as (units of measure) TMECC Test

Method

pH 6.20 Unitless 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry pH

Soluble Salts 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method

(electrical conductivity) Mass Basis

Moisture content 37.8 %, wet weight basis 03.09-A - Total Solids and

Moisture

05.07-A Loss-on-Ignition

Organic Matter Method (LOI)
Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence 100.0 average % of control 05.05-A Germination and vigor
Relative Seedling Vigor 91.7 average % of control

05.08-B Carbon Dioxide
Stability Indicator mg CO2-C/g OM/day Evoultion Rate

%, dry weight passing through 02.02-B Sample Sieving for

94.7 9.5 mm Aggregate Size Classification

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts

Total content

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts
Sharps content

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A 04.06-Heavy Metals standard,

40 CFR 503.13, tables 1 and 3. and Hazardous Elements

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090381-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to test their
compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as a means to better
serve the needs of their compost customers.

For additional information pertaining to compost use, the specific compost parameters tested for within the Seal of Testing
assurance Program, or the program in general, log on to the US Composting Council's TMECC web-site at
http://www.tmecc.org.

This compost product has been sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing assurance Program on the United States Comp osting Council
(USCC), using certain methods from the "Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting" manual. Test results are available upon
request by contacting the compost producer (address at top of page). The USCC makes no warranties regarding this product or i ts content, quality.
or suitability for any particular use.

www.compostlab.com Pass 07.02 Samonella

Heavy Metals Content Pass Pathogens 7.9

Particle Size

Pass 07.01-B Fecal coliforms Pathogens 7.4 dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Organic Matter Content 46.5 %, dry weight basis 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET for Caltrans

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076 tel (831) 724-5422 fax (831) 724-3188 www.compostlab.com TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

Zone 2TEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2090381-1/2-6908 Group: Sep.12 B #29 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 14 Sep. 12 Sample Identification: Zone 2 Sample ID #: 2090381 - 1/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.6 0.99 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 1200 760 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 7.9 9.5 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 38 24 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 3.7 4.4 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.5 0.93 % Stability Rating moderately unstable unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.63 0.39 % Phosphorus (P): 2800 1700 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.4 0.89 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 12000 7400 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.1 1.3 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.48 0.30 % Seedling Vigor (%) 92 93 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 1000 620 mg/kg Description of Plants mushroom mushroom Boron (Total B): 34 21 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 37.8 % Sodium (Na): 0.13 0.080 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.26 0.16 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 6.20 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 22 36 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 14 Sep. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): <0.1 <0.1 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 7.4 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 46.5 28.9 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 27.0 17.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 53.5 33.2 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 17 17 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 9 9 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 6300 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 2.8 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 14 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 3.7 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 5.3 3.1 0.66 Copper (Cu): 61 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 9.8 10.8 0.34 Iron (Fe): 9300 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 8.8 10.8 0.31 Lead (Pb): 20 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 14.4 21.5 0.25 Manganese (Mn): 230 - mg/kg < 2.0 61.6 53.8 0.43 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 2.7 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 12 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 170 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. September 26, 2012Account No.: Date Received 14 Sep. 12 2090381 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090381

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

7.9 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

9.5 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

32 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
1200 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
38 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

6.20 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.7 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

9 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

8 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

17 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

7.4 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

0 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

53.5 Percent +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

15.2 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone 2

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Sep.12 B No. 29

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Account No.: Date Received 2090381 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090381

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

7.9 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n 9.5 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 32 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
1200 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

38 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

6.20 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.7 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone 2 14 Sep. 12

Sep.12 B No. 29Account No.: Date Received

2090381 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090381

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 9 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 8 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 17 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 7.4 Average salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 53.5 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 15.2 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 7.7 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 1.52 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.05 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 4.9 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 17.8 14 Sep. 12

Zone 2

Sep.12 B No. 29Tulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 12 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis Not reported Not reported

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size maxium aggregate size, inches

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 10

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 4.3

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090381-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh www.compostlab.com 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones



# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

39.8

42.6

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 

### Zone 2 Control

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3. 6.32

9.7

0.64

Un-Stable

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

91.7

Select Pathogens

PassTulare

CA 93274

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 12 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis %, wet weight basis %, dry weight basis

Nitrogen Total N 0.80 1.3

Phosphorus P 2 O 5 0.34 0.55

Potassium K 2 O 0.79 1.3

Calcium Ca 1.6 2.6

Magnesium Mg 0.26 0.43

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size % under 9.5 mm, dw basis

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 10

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 4.3

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090381-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 99.1

Un-Stable 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

39.8

42.6

www.compostlab.com Pass 

### Zone 2 Control

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3.

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

91.7

Select Pathogens 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 6.32

9.724487 Rd. 140

Tulare CA 93274

Product Identification:

Date Sampled/Received: 12 Sep. 12 / 14 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Test Results Reported as (units of measure) TMECC Test

Method

pH 6.32 Unitless 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry pH

Soluble Salts 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method

(electrical conductivity) Mass Basis

Moisture content 39.8 %, wet weight basis 03.09-A - Total Solids and

Moisture

05.07-A Loss-on-Ignition

Organic Matter Method (LOI)
Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence 100.0 average % of control 05.05-A Germination and vigor
Relative Seedling Vigor 91.7 average % of control

05.08-B Carbon Dioxide
Stability Indicator mg CO2-C/g OM/day Evoultion Rate

%, dry weight passing through 02.02-B Sample Sieving for

99.1 9.5 mm Aggregate Size Classification

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts

Total content

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts
Sharps content

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A 04.06-Heavy Metals standard,

40 CFR 503.13, tables 1 and 3. and Hazardous Elements

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 B Laboratory Number: 2090381-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to test their
compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as a means to better
serve the needs of their compost customers.

For additional information pertaining to compost use, the specific compost parameters tested for within the Seal of Testing
assurance Program, or the program in general, log on to the US Composting Council's TMECC web-site at
http://www.tmecc.org.

This compost product has been sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing assurance Program on the United States Comp osting Council
(USCC), using certain methods from the "Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting" manual. Test results are available upon
request by contacting the compost producer (address at top of page). The USCC makes no warranties regarding this product or i ts content, quality.
or suitability for any particular use.

www.compostlab.com Pass 07.02 Samonella

Heavy Metals Content Pass Pathogens 10

Particle Size

Pass 07.01-B Fecal coliforms Pathogens 9.7 dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Organic Matter Content 42.6 %, dry weight basis 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET for Caltrans

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076 tel (831) 724-5422 fax (831) 724-3188 www.compostlab.com TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

Zone 2 ControlTEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2090381-2/2-6908 Group: Sep.12 B #30 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 14 Sep. 12 Sample Identification: Zone 2 Control Sample ID #: 2090381 - 2/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.3 0.80 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 1500 900 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 10 11 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 9.6 5.8 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 4.3 4.8 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.1 0.66 % Stability Rating unstable unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.55 0.33 % Phosphorus (P): 2400 1500 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.3 0.79 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 11000 6600 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.6 1.6 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.43 0.26 % Seedling Vigor (%) 92 93 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 2400 1400 mg/kg Description of Plants healthy healthy Boron (Total B): 28 17 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 39.8 % Sodium (Na): 0.12 0.069 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.26 0.15 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 6.32 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 22 37 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 14 Sep. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): <0.1 <0.1 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 9.7 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 42.6 25.6 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 25.0 15.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 57.4 34.5 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 19 19 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 8 8 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 6200 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 3.1 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 15 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 3.6 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 0.9 1.0 0.30 Copper (Cu): 37 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 4.9 5.8 0.29 Iron (Fe): 8600 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 7.9 9.1 0.30 Lead (Pb): 20 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 16.4 22.0 0.26 Manganese (Mn): 200 - mg/kg < 2.0 69.9 62.1 0.39 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 2.4 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 11 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 430 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. September 26, 2012Account No.: Date Received 14 Sep. 12 2090381 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090381

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

10 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

11 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

160 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
1500 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
9.6 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

6.32 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.2 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

8 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

8 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

19 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

9.7 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

0 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

57.4 Percent ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

5.8 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone 2 Control

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++ < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Sep.12 B No. 30

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Account No.: Date Received 2090381 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090381

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

10 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n
11 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 160 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
1500 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

9.6 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

6.32 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.2 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone 2 Control 14 Sep. 12

Sep.12 B No. 30Account No.: Date Received

2090381 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090381

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 8 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 8 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 19 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 9.7 High salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 57.4 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 5.8 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 8.2 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 1.80 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.01 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 4.4 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 15.9 14 Sep. 12

Zone 2 Control

Sep.12 B No. 30Tulare CA 93274 (559) 686-1622

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 17 Sep. 12 / 19 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis Not reported Not reported

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size maxium aggregate size, inches

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 7.5

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 3.2

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 C_1 Laboratory Number: 2090507-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

86.7

Select Pathogens

Pass 

### Zone 3

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3. 6.28

6.8

0.64

Moderately Un-Stable

www.compostlab.com

24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones



# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

38.5

42.9

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a)Tulare CA 93274 (559) 686-1622

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 17 Sep. 12 / 19 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis %, wet weight basis %, dry weight basis

Nitrogen Total N 0.83 1.4

Phosphorus P 2 O 5 0.36 0.57

Potassium K 2 O 0.83 1.3

Calcium Ca 1.2 2.0

Magnesium Mg 0.31 0.50

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size % under 9.5 mm, dw basis

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 7.5

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 3.2

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 C_1 Laboratory Number: 2090507-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 6.28

6.8

www.compostlab.com Pass 

### Zone 3

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3.

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

86.7

Select Pathogens 99.5

Moderately Un-Stable 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

38.5

42.924487 Rd. 140

Tulare CA 93274 (559) 686-1622

Product Identification:

Date Sampled/Received: 17 Sep. 12 / 19 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Test Results Reported as (units of measure) TMECC Test

Method

pH 6.28 Unitless 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry pH

Soluble Salts 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method

(electrical conductivity) Mass Basis

Moisture content 38.5 %, wet weight basis 03.09-A - Total Solids and

Moisture

05.07-A Loss-on-Ignition

Organic Matter Method (LOI)
Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence 100.0 average % of control 05.05-A Germination and vigor
Relative Seedling Vigor 86.7 average % of control

05.08-B Carbon Dioxide
Stability Indicator mg CO2-C/g OM/day Evoultion Rate

%, dry weight passing through 02.02-B Sample Sieving for

99.5 9.5 mm Aggregate Size Classification

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts

Total content

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts
Sharps content

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A 04.06-Heavy Metals standard,

40 CFR 503.13, tables 1 and 3. and Hazardous Elements

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 C_1 Laboratory Number: 2090507-1/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET for Caltrans

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076 tel (831) 724-5422 fax (831) 724-3188 www.compostlab.com TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

Zone 3

7.5

Particle Size

Pass 07.01-B Fecal coliforms Pathogens 6.8 dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Organic Matter Content 42.9 %, dry weight basis

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to test their
compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as a means to better
serve the needs of their compost customers.

For additional information pertaining to compost use, the specific compost parameters tested for within the Seal of Testing
assurance Program, or the program in general, log on to the US Composting Council's TMECC web-site at
http://www.tmecc.org.

This compost product has been sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing assurance Program on the United States Comp osting Council
(USCC), using certain methods from the "Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting" manual. Test results are available upon
request by contacting the compost producer (address at top of page). The USCC makes no warranties regarding this product or i ts content, quality.
or suitability for any particular use.

www.compostlab.com Pass 07.02 Samonella

Heavy Metals Content Pass PathogensTEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2090507-1/2-6908 Group: Sep.12 C_1 #8 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 19 Sep. 12 Sample Identification: Zone 3 Sample ID #: 2090507 - 1/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.4 0.83 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 670 410 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 7.5 7.9 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 10 6.4 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 3.2 3.4 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.3 0.80 % Stability Rating moderately unstable moderately unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.58 0.36 % Phosphorus (P): 2500 1600 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.3 0.82 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 11000 6900 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.0 1.2 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.50 0.31 % Seedling Vigor (%) 87 87 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 640 390 mg/kg Description of Plants fungus fungus Boron (Total B): 30 18 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 38.5 % Sodium (Na): 0.12 0.073 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.22 0.14 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 6.28 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 25 40 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 19 Sep. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): 6.9 4.2 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 6.8 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 42.9 26.4 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 25.0 15.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 57.1 35.1 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 18 18 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 10 10 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 6900 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 3.1 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 14 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 3.8 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 0.5 0.4 0.50 Copper (Cu): 49 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 2.7 2.9 0.41 Iron (Fe): 9700 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 5.1 5.7 0.39 Lead (Pb): 20 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 12.6 19.3 0.29 Manganese (Mn): 220 - mg/kg < 2.0 79.0 71.6 0.48 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.6 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 11 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 170 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. October 5, 2012Account No.: Date Received 19 Sep. 12 2090507 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090507

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

7.5 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

7.9 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

67 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
670 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
10 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

6.28 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.3 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

10 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

6 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

18 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

6.8 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

6.9 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

57.1 Percent ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

3.2 Percent

dr y wt. Sep.12 C_1 No. 8

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++ All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider +++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++ < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone 3

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Account No.: Date Received 2090507 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090507

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

7.5 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n 7.9 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 67 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
670 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

10 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

6.28 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.3 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Sep.12 C_1 No. 8 19 Sep. 12

Zone 3Account No.: Date Received

2090507 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2090507

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 10 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 6 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 18 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 6.8 Average salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 6.9 Average lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 57.1 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 3.2 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 5.9 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 0.82 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.01 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 4.7 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 16.6 19 Sep. 12

Zone 3

Sep.12 C_1 No. 8Tulare CA 93274 (559) 686-1622

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 17 Sep. 12 / 19 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis Not reported Not reported

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size maxium aggregate size, inches

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 13

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 6.2

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 C_1 Laboratory Number: 2090507-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

81.7

Select Pathogens

Pass 

### Zone 3 Control

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3. 5.03

11

0.64

Un-Stable

www.compostlab.com

24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones



# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

43.3

46.5

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a)Tulare CA 93274 (559) 686-1622

Product Identification Compost
Date Sampled/Received: 17 Sep. 12 / 19 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Reported as (units of measure) Test Results Test Results

Plant Nutrients: %, weight basis %, wet weight basis %, dry weight basis

Nitrogen Total N 0.85 1.5

Phosphorus P 2 O 5 0.36 0.61

Potassium K 2 O 0.82 1.4

Calcium Ca 0.86 1.5

Magnesium Mg 0.25 0.44

Moisture Content %, wet weight basis

Organic Matter Content %, dry weight basis

pH units

Soluble Salts

(electrical conductivity EC 5 ) dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Particle Size or Sieve Size % under 9.5 mm, dw basis

Stability Indicator (respirometry) Stability Rating:

CO 2 Evolution mg CO 2 -C/g OM/day 13

mg CO 2 -C/g TS/day 6.2

Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence average % of control

Relative Seedling Vigor average % of control

Pass Fecal coliform

Pass Salmonella

As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Hg

Mo,Ni,Se,Zn

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 C_1 Laboratory Number: 2090507-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 24487 Rd. 140 TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.32(a) 5.03

11

www.compostlab.com Pass 

### Zone 3 Control

Trace Metals PASS/FAIL: per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR § 503.13,

Tables 1 and 3.

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to
test their compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as
a means to better serve the needs of their compost customers. 100.0

81.7

Select Pathogens 98.4

Un-Stable 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab; 42 Hangar Way; Watsonville, CA 95076 tel: 831.724.5422 fax: 831.724.3188

43.3

46.524487 Rd. 140

Tulare CA 93274 (559) 686-1622

Product Identification:

Date Sampled/Received: 17 Sep. 12 / 19 Sep. 12

Compost Parameters Test Results Reported as (units of measure) TMECC Test

Method

pH 5.03 Unitless 04.11-A 1:5 Slurry pH

Soluble Salts 04.10-A 1:5 Slurry Method

(electrical conductivity) Mass Basis

Moisture content 43.3 %, wet weight basis 03.09-A - Total Solids and

Moisture

05.07-A Loss-on-Ignition

Organic Matter Method (LOI)
Maturity Indicator (bioassay)

Percent Emergence 100.0 average % of control 05.05-A Germination and vigor
Relative Seedling Vigor 81.7 average % of control

05.08-B Carbon Dioxide
Stability Indicator mg CO2-C/g OM/day Evoultion Rate

%, dry weight passing through 02.02-B Sample Sieving for

98.4 9.5 mm Aggregate Size Classification

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A

standard, 40 CFR 503.32(a)

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts

Total content

Physical Contaminants None Detected %, dry weight basis 02.02-C - Man-Made Inerts
Sharps content

PASS/FAIL: Per US EPA Class A 04.06-Heavy Metals standard,

40 CFR 503.13, tables 1 and 3. and Hazardous Elements

Laboratory Group: Sep.12 C_1 Laboratory Number: 2090507-2/2
Analyst: Assaf Sadeh 

# C OMPOST 

# T ECHNICAL 

# D ATA 

# S HEET for Caltrans

LABORATORY: Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076 tel (831) 724-5422 fax (831) 724-3188 www.compostlab.com TCCBI - Harvest Power

John Jones

Zone 3 Control

13

Particle Size

Pass 07.01-B Fecal coliforms Pathogens 11 dS/m (mmhos/cm)

Organic Matter Content 46.5 %, dry weight basis

Participants in the US Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program have shown the commitment to test their
compost products on a prescribed basis and provide this data, along with compost end use instructions, as a means to better
serve the needs of their compost customers.

For additional information pertaining to compost use, the specific compost parameters tested for within the Seal of Testing
assurance Program, or the program in general, log on to the US Composting Council's TMECC web-site at
http://www.tmecc.org.

This compost product has been sampled and tested as required by the Seal of Testing assurance Program on the United States Comp osting Council
(USCC), using certain methods from the "Test Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting" manual. Test results are available upon
request by contacting the compost producer (address at top of page). The USCC makes no warranties regarding this product or i ts content, quality.
or suitability for any particular use.

www.compostlab.com Pass 07.02 Samonella

Heavy Metals Content Pass PathogensTEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2090507-2/2-6908 Group: Sep.12 C_1 #9 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 19 Sep. 12 Sample Identification: Zone 3 Control Sample ID #: 2090507 - 2/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.5 0.85 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 2000 1200 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 13 14 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 51 29 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 6.2 6.7 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.3 0.74 % Stability Rating unstable unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.62 0.35 % Phosphorus (P): 2700 1600 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.4 0.81 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 12000 6800 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 1.5 0.86 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.44 0.25 % Seedling Vigor (%) 82 83 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 840 470 mg/kg Description of Plants mushroom fungus Boron (Total B): 23 13 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 43.3 % Sodium (Na): 0.12 0.068 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.29 0.16 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 5.03 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 22 38 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 19 Sep. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): <0.1 <0.1 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 11 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 46.5 26.4 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 25.0 14.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 53.5 30.3 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 17 17 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 9 9 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 6600 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 2.7 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 13 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 3.4 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 1.6 0.9 0.52 Copper (Cu): 38 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 4.6 3.4 0.40 Iron (Fe): 9300 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 8.5 9.1 0.28 Lead (Pb): 15 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 19.9 25.1 0.24 Manganese (Mn): 190 - mg/kg < 2.0 65.4 61.5 0.32 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.6 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 13 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 140 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. October 5, 2012Account No.: Date Received 19 Sep. 12 2090507 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090507

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

13 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

14 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

39 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
2000 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
51 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

5.03 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.6 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

9 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

9 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

17 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

11 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

0 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

53.5 Percent +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

6.2 Percent

dr y wt. Sep.12 C_1 No. 9

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider +++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone 3 Control

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Account No.: Date Received 2090507 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090507

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

13 Hi g h-for mulch m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n
14 Hi g h-for mulch m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 39 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
2000 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

51 mature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

5.03 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.6 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Sep.12 C_1 No. 9 19 Sep. 12

Zone 3 ControlAccount No.: Date Received

2090507 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2090507

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 9 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 9 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 17 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 11 High salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 53.5 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 6.2 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 9.3 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 2.40 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.06 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 4.7 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 16.4 19 Sep. 12

Zone 3 Control

Sep.12 C_1 No. 9TEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2100583-1/2-6908 Group: Oct.12 C #26 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 19 Oct. 12 Sample Identification: Zone #1- Cure Sample ID #: 2100583 - 1/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.4 0.94 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 690 460 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 7.5 8.8 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 6.1 4.0 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 2.8 3.3 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.3 0.86 % Stability Rating moderately unstable unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.65 0.43 % Phosphorus (P): 2800 1900 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.4 0.92 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 11000 7600 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.3 1.5 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.47 0.31 % Seedling Vigor (%) 100 100 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 2000 1300 mg/kg Description of Plants healthy healthy Boron (Total B): 19 13 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 33.7 % Sodium (Na): 0.13 0.086 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.19 0.13 % Fecal Coliform > 1200 MPN/g fail
pH Value: NA 6.12 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 22 34 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 19 Oct. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): 1.8 1.2 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 7.5 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 37.3 24.7 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 21.0 14.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 62.7 41.6 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 15 15 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex > 10 > 10 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 8300 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 3.0 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 15 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 2.7 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 2.1 4.0 0.23 Copper (Cu): 69 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 3.7 4.0 0.42 Iron (Fe): 11000 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 10.2 11.1 0.41 Lead (Pb): 17 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 18.1 25.4 0.31 Manganese (Mn): 160 - mg/kg < 2.0 65.8 55.6 0.52 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.5 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 10 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 140 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. November 1, 2012Account No.: Date Received 19 Oct. 12 2100583 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2100583

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

7.5 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

8.8 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

110 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
690 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
6.1 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

6.12 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

> 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.4 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

11 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

7 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

15 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

7.5 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

1.8 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

62.7 Percent ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

5.9 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone #1- Cure

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++ < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Oct.12 C No. 26

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++Account No.: Date Received 2100583 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2100583

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

7.5 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n 8.8 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 110 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
690 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

6.1 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

6.12 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

> 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.4 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone #1- Cure 19 Oct. 12

Oct.12 C No. 26Account No.: Date Received

2100583 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2100583

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 11 High nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 7 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 15 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 7.5 Average salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 1.8 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 62.7 High ash content Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 5.9 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 6.6 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 0.92 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.01 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 5.5 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 18.3 19 Oct. 12

Zone #1- Cure

Oct.12 C No. 26TEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2100583-2/2-6908 Group: Oct.12 C #27 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 19 Oct. 12 Sample Identification: Zone #2- Cure Sample ID #: 2100583 - 2/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.2 0.90 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 290 210 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 6.2 7.1 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 5.7 4.1 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 2.1 2.3 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.2 0.87 % Stability Rating moderately unstable moderately unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.72 0.52 % Phosphorus (P): 3200 2300 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.4 0.98 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 11000 8100 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 2.4 1.7 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.61 0.45 % Seedling Vigor (%) 100 100 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 1300 910 mg/kg Description of Plants healthy healthy Boron (Total B): 28 20 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 27.6 % Sodium (Na): 0.11 0.080 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.19 0.14 % Fecal Coliform 340 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 7.33 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 28 38 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 19 Oct. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): 15 11 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 4.2 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 32.9 23.8 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 17.0 13.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 67.1 48.6 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 14 14 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex > 10 > 10 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 9100 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 3.0 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 13 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 4.0 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 0.0 0.0 0.00 Copper (Cu): 54 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 1.7 1.8 0.55 Iron (Fe): 12000 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 3.9 5.3 0.42 Lead (Pb): 20 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 10.8 17.5 0.36 Manganese (Mn): 230 - mg/kg < 2.0 83.6 75.4 0.64 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.7 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 11 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 170 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. November 1, 2012Account No.: Date Received 19 Oct. 12 2100583 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2100583

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

6.2 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

7.1 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

51 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
290 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
5.7 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

7.33 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.3 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

11 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

6 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

14 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

4.2 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

15 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

67.1 Percent ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

1.7 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone #2- Cure

++++++++++++++++++++++++ < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++ < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++ All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Oct.12 C No. 27

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

++++++++++++++++++++++ SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++Account No.: Date Received 2100583 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2100583

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

6.2 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n
7.1 Moderate-selected use m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 51 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
290 mature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

5.7 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

7.33 mature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.3 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone #2- Cure 19 Oct. 12

Oct.12 C No. 27Account No.: Date Received

2100583 - 2/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 2/2 2100583

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 11 High nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 6 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 14 Indicates maturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 4.2 Average salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 15 Average lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 67.1 High ash content Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 1.7 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 5.8 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 0.42 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.01 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 6.7 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 19.5 19 Oct. 12

Zone #2- Cure

Oct.12 C No. 27TEL: 831-724-5422

FAX: 831-724-3188 www.compostlab.com

A ccount #: 2100765-1/2-6908 Group: Oct.12 D #22 Reporting Date:

TCCBI - Harvest Powe r 24487 Rd. 140 Tulare, CA 93274

Attn: John Jones

Date Received: 26 Oct. 12 Sample Identification: Zone-3 Cure Sample ID #: 2100765 - 1/2

Nutrients Dry wt. As Rcvd. units Stability Indicator: Biologically Total Nitrogen: 1.5 1.0 % CO2 Evolution Respirometer y Available C

A mmonia (NH 4 -N): 1500 1000 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g OM/da y 23 23 Nitrate (NO 3 -N): 43 29 mg/kg mg CO 2 -C/g TS/da y 12 12 Org. Nitrogen (Org.-N): 1.3 0.87 % Stability Rating very unstable very unstable Phosphorus (as P 2 O 5 ): 0.63 0.42 % Phosphorus (P): 2800 1900 mg/kg Potassium (as K 2 O): 1.4 0.94 % Maturity Indicator: Cucumber Bioassay Potassium (K): 12000 7800 mg/kg Compost:Vermiculite(v:v) 1:1 1:3 Calcium (Ca): 1.8 1.2 % Emergence (%) 100 100 Magnesium (Mg): 0.44 0.29 % Seedling Vigor (%) 83 93 Sulfate (SO 4 -S): 1300 900 mg/kg Description of Plants fungus fungus Boron (Total B): 27 18 mg/kg

Moisture: 0 33.1 % Sodium (Na): 0.13 0.085 % Pathogens Results Units Rating Chloride (Cl): 0.27 0.18 % Fecal Coliform < 2.0 MPN/g pass pH Value: NA 4.71 unit Salmonella < 3 MPN/4g pass Bulk Density : 18 27 lb/cu ft Date Tested: 26 Oct. 12 Carbonates (CaCO 3 ): <0.1 <0.1 lb/ton Conductivity (EC5): 10 NA mmhos/cm Organic Matter: 53.8 36.0 % Inerts % by weight Organic Carbon: 28.0 19.0 % Plastic < 0.5

Ash: 46.2 30.9 % Glass < 0.5

C/N Ratio 18 18 ratio Metal < 0.5 AgIndex 9 9 ratio Sharps ND

Metals Dry wt. EPA Limit units Size & Volume Distribution

A luminum (Al) 5700 - mg/kg MM % by weigh t % by volume BD g/cc

A rsenic (As): 2.7 41 mg/kg > 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cadmium (Cd): < 1.0 39 mg/kg 25 to 50 0.0 0.0 0.00 Chromium (Cr): 12 1200 mg/kg 16 to 25 0.0 0.0 0.00 Cobalt (Co) 2.7 - mg/kg 9.5 to 16 2.5 2.5 0.35 Copper (Cu): 58 1500 mg/kg 6.3 to 9.5 7.5 8.4 0.32 Iron (Fe): 8000 - mg/kg 4.0 to 6.3 8.7 10.9 0.28 Lead (Pb): 19 300 mg/kg 2.0 to 4.0 15.5 21.0 0.26 Manganese (Mn): 170 - mg/kg < 2.0 65.9 57.1 0.41 Mercury (Hg): < 1.0 17 mg/kg Bulk Density Description:<.35 Light Materials, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.8 75 mg/kg .35-.60 medium weight materials, >.60 Heavy Material s Nickel (Ni): 8.9 420 mg/kg A nalyst: Assaf Sadeh Selenium (Se): < 1.0 36 mg/kg Zinc (Zn): 160 2800 mg/kg *Sample was received and handled in accordance with TMECC procedures. November 6, 2012Account No.: Date Received 26 Oct. 12 2100765 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2100765

INTERPRETATION: Page one of three

Is Your Com p ost Stable?

Res p iration Rate Biode g radation Rate of Your Pile

23 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) O p timum De g radation Rate

23 m g CO2-C/

g OM/da y

Is Your Com p ost Mature?

35 Ratio

Ammonia N pp m
1500 m g /k g
dr y wt.

Nitrate N pp m
43 m g /k g
dr y wt.

p H value

4.71 units

Cucumber Emer g ence
100.0 p ercent

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 MPN/ g dr y wt.

Salmonella

Less than 3 /4 g dr y wt.

Metals US EPA 503

Pass dr y wt.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.6 Percent

dr y wt. AgIndex (Nutrients / Sodium and Chloride Salts) ((N+P2O5+K2O) / (Na + Cl))

9 Ratio

Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) Estimated release for first season

10 lbs/ton

wet wt.

C/N Ratio

18 Ratio

Soluble Available Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw)

10 mmhos/cm

dr y wt.

Lime Content ( CaCO3 )

0 Lbs/ton

dr y wt.

What are the p h y sical p ro p erties of y our com p ost?

Percent Ash

46.2 Percent +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +
dr y wt.

Sieve Size % > 6.3 MM ( 0.25" )

10.0 Percent

dr y wt. < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

AmmoniaN/NitrateN rati o

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Zone-3 Cure

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Stable >|< Moderately Unstable >|< Unstable >|< High For Mulch

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +

VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + VeryMature>|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature >|< Immature

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + < Immature >|< Mature

+++++++ < Safe >|< High Fecal Coliform

+++++++ <Safe (none detected) >|< High Salmonella Count(> 3 per 4 grams)

+++++++++ <All Metals Pass >|< One or more Metals Fail

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <Low >|< Average >|< High Nutrient Content

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Na & Cl >|< Nutrient and Sodium and Chloride Provider >|< Nutrient Provider

< Low >|< Average >|< High Lime Content (as CaCO3)

< High Organic Matter >|< Average >|< High Ash Content

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + All Uses >|< Size May Restrict Uses for Potting mix and Golf Courses Low Nitrogen Provider>|< Average Nitrogen Provider >|<High Nitrogen Provider Oct.12 D No. 22

< Nitrogen Release >|< N-Neutral >|< N-Demand>|< High Nitrogen Demand

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + SloRelease>|< Average Nutrient Release Rate >|<High Available Nutrients

+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Account No.: Date Received 2100765 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d. Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2100765

INTERPRETATION:
Is Your Compost Stable? Page two of three

Res p iration Rate

23 Hi g h-for mulch m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y The res p iration rate is a measurement of the biode g radation rate of the or g anic matter in the sam p le ( as received )

. The res p iration rate is determined b y measurin g the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture and

tem p erature conditions.

Biolo g icall y Available Carbo n 23 Hi g h-for mulch m g CO2-C/ g OM/da y Biolo g icall y Available Carbon ( BAC ) is a measurement of the rate at which CO2 is released under o p timized moisture, tem p erature,

p orosit y , nutrients, p H and microbial conditions. If both the RR and the BAC test values are close to the same value, the p ile is

o p timized for com p ostin g . If both values are hi g h the com p ost p ile j ust needs more time. If both values are low the com p ost has

stabilized and should be moved to curin g . BAC test values that are hi g her than RR indicate that the com p ost p ile has stalled. This could be due to anaerobic conditions, lack of available nitro g en due to excessive air convertin g ammonia to the unavailable nitrate form, lack of nitro g en or other nutrients due to p oor choice of feedstock, p H value out of ran g e, or microbes rendered non-active.

Is Your Com p ost Mature ?

AmmoniaN:NitrateN rati o 35 immature

Com p ostin g to stabilize carbon can occur at such a ra p id rate that sometimes p h y totoxins remain in

the com p ost and must be neutralized before usin g in hi g h concentrations or in hi g h-end uses. This

Ammonia N pp m ste p is called curin g . T yp icall y ammonia is in excess with the break-down of or g anic materials resultin g
1500 immature in an increase in p H. This combination results in a loss of volatile ammonia ( it smells ) . Once this toxic

Nitrate N pp m ammonia has been reduced and the p H dro p s, the microbes convert the ammonia to nitrates. A low

43 immature ammonia + hi g h nitrate score is indicative of a mature com p ost, however there are man y exce p tions.

p H value For exam p le, a com p ost with a low p H ( <7 ) will retain ammonia, while a com p ost with hi g h lime content

4.71 immature can lose ammonia before the or g anic fraction becomes stable. Com p osts must first be stable before

curin g indicators a pp l y

. Cucumber Bioassa y 100.0 Percent Cucumbers are chosen for this test because the y are salt tolerant and ver y sensitive to ammonia

and or g anic acid toxicit y . Therefore, we can g erminate seeds in hi g h concentrations of com p ost to

measure p h y totoxic effects without soluble salts bein g the limitin g factor. Values above 80% for both p ercent emer g ence and

vi g or are indicative of a well-cured com p ost. Exce p tions include ver y hi g h salts that affect the cucumbers, excessive concentrations

of nitrates and other nutrients that will be in ran g e when formulated to make a g rowin g media. In addition to testin g a 1:1 com p ost: vermiculite blend, we also test a diluted 1:3 blend to indicate a more sensitive toxicit y level.

Is Your Com p ost Safe Re g ardin g Health ?

Fecal Coliform

< 1000 / g dr y wt. Fecal coliforms can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and is common in all initial

com p ost p iles. Most human p atho g ens occur from fecal matter and all fecal matter is loaded in fecal coliforms. Therefore fecal

coliforms are used as an indicator to determine if the chosen method for p atho g en reduction ( heat for com p ost ) has met the

re q uirements of sufficient tem p erature, time and mixin g . If the fecal coliforms are reduced to below 1000 p er g ram dr y wt. it is

assumed all others p atho g ens are eliminated. Potential p roblems are that fecal coliform can re g row durin g the curin g p hase or

durin g shi pp in g . This is because the conditions are now more favorable for g rowth than durin g the com p ostin g p rocess. Salmonella Bacteria

Less than 3 3 / 4 g dr y wt. Salmonella is not onl y another indicator or g anism but also a toxic microbe. It has been used in the

case of biosolids industr y to determine ade q uate p atho g en reduction.

Metals

Pass The ten heav y metals listed in the EPA 503 re g ulations are chosen to determine if com p ost

can be a pp lied to a g land and handled without toxic effects. Most hi g h concentrations of heav y metals are derived from

woodwaste feedstock such as chrome-arsenic treated or lead p ainted demolition wood. Biosolids are rarel y a p roblem.

Does Your Com p ost Provide Nutrients or Or g

anic Matter ?

Nutrients ( N+P2O5+K2O )

3.6 Avera g e nutrient conten t

This value is the sum of the p rimar y nutrients Nitro g en, Phos p horus and Potassium. Re p orted units are consistent with those

found on fertilizer formulations. A sum g reater than 5 is indicative of a com p ost with hi g h nutrient content, and best used to su pp l y nutrients to a receivin g soil. A sum below 2 indicates low nutrient content, and is best-used to im p rove soil structure via the

addition of or g anic matter. Most com p ost falls between 2 and 5. Zone-3 Cure 26 Oct. 12

Oct.12 D No. 22Account No.: Date Received

2100765 - 1/2 - 6908 Sample i.d.

Group: Sample I.d. No. 1/2 2100765

INTERPRETATION: Page three of three AgIndex (Nutrients/Na+Cl ) 9 Average nutrient ratio Composts with low AgIndex values have high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride compared to nutrients. Repeated use of a compost with a low AgIndex (< 2) may result in sodium and/or chloride acting as the limiting factor compared to nutrients, governing application rates. These composts may be used on well-draining soils and/or with salt-tolerant plants. Additional nutrients form another source may be needed if the application rate is limi ted by sodium or chloride. If the AgIndex is above 10, nutrients optimal for plant growth will be available without concern of sodium and/or chloride toxicity. Composts with an AgIndex of above 10 are good for increasing nutrient levels for all soils. Most composts score between 2 and 10. Concentrations of nutrients, sodium, and chloride in the receiving soil should be considered when determinin g compost application rates. The AgIndex is a product of feedstock quality. Feedstock from dairy manure, marine waste, industri al wastes, and halophytic plants are likely to produce a finished compost with a low AgIndex. Plant Available Nitrogen (lbs/ton) 10 Average N Provide r Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) is calculated by estimating the release rate of Nitrogen from the organic fraction of the compost. This estimate is based on information gathered from the BAC test and measured ammonia and nitrate values. Despite the PAN value of the compost, additional sources of Nitrogen may be needed during he growing season to offset the Nitrogen demand of the microbes present in the compost. With ample nutrients these microbes can further breakdown orga nic matter in the compost and release bound Nitrogen. Nitrogen demand based on a high C/N ratio is not considered in the PAN calcul ation because additional Nitrogen should always be supplemented to the receiving soil when composts with a high C/N ratio are applied

. C/N Ratio 18 Indicates immaturity As a guiding principal, a C/N ratio below 14 indicates maturity and above 14 indicates immaturity, however, there are many exceptions. Large woodchips (>6.3mm), bark, and redwood are slow to breakdown and therefore can result in a relatively stable product while the C/N ratio value is high. Additionally, some composts with chicke n manure and/or green grass feedstocks can start with a C/N ratio below 15 and are very unstable. A C/N ratio below 10 supplies Nitroge n, while a ratio above 20 can deplete Nitrogen from the soil. The rate at which Nitrogen will be released or used by the microbes is indicated by the respiration rate (BAC). If the respiration rate is too high the transfer of Nitrogen will not be controlable. Soluble Nutrients & Salts (EC5 w/w dw - mmhos/cm) 10 High salts This value refers to all soluble ions including nutrients, sodium, chloride and some soluble organic compounds. The concentration of salts will change due to the release of salts from the organic matter as it de grades, volatilization of ammonia, decomposition of soluble organics, and conversion of molecular structure. High salts + high AgIndex is indicative of a compost high in readily available nutrients. The application rate of these composts should be limited by the o ptimum nutrient value based on soil analysis of the receiving soil. High Salts + low AgIndex is indicative of a compost low in nutrie nts with high concentrations of sodium and/or chloride. Limit the application rate according to the toxicity level of thesodium and/or chloride. Low salts indicates that the compost can be applied without risking salt toxicity, is likely a good source of organic matter, a nd that nutrients will release slowly over time. Lime Content (lbs. per ton) 0 Low lime content Compost high in lime or carbonates are often those produced from chicken manure (layers) ash materials, and lime products. These are excellent products to use on a receiving soil where lime has been recommended by soil analysis to raise the pH. Composts with a high lime content should be closely considered for pH requirements when formula ting potting mixes. Physical Propertie s Percent Ash 46.2 Average ash conten t Ash is the non-organic fraction of a compost. Most composts contain approximately 50% ash (dry weight basis). Compost can be high in ash content for many reasons including: excess minerilzation(old compost), contamination with soil base material during turning, poor quality feedstock, and soil or mineral products added. Finding the source and reducing high ash content is often the fastest means to increasing nutrient quality of a compost. Particle Size % > 6.3 MM (0.25") 10.0 May restrict use Large particles may restrict use for potting soils, golf course topdressings, seed-starter mixes, and where a fine size distribution is required. Composts with large particles can still be used as excellent additions t o field
soils, shrub mixes and mulches.

Particle Size Distribution Each size fraction is measured by weight, volume and bulk density. These results are particularly relevent with decisions to sc reen or not, and if screening, which size screen to use. The bulk density indicates if the fraction screened is made of light weigh t organic material or heavy mineral material. Removing large mineral material can greatly improve compost quality by increasing nutrient and organic concentrations. Appendix: Estimated available nutrients for use when calculating application rates Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) calculations: lbs/ton (As Rcvd.) PAN = (X * (organic N)) + ((NH4-N) + (NO3-N) ) X value = If BAC < 2 then X = 0.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 9.9 If BAC =2.1 to 5 then X = 0.2 Ammonia (NH4-N) 2.00 If BAC =5.1 to 10 then X = 0.3 Nitrate (NO3-N) 0.06 If BAC > 10 then X = 0.4 Available Phosphorus (P2O5*0.64) 5.5 Note: If C/N ratio > 15 additional N should be applied. Available Potassium (K2O) 18.8 26 Oct. 12

Zone-3 Cure

Oct.12 D No. 22

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix G, Temperature Graph

Day ASP Control

0 125

1 142 130

2 143 135

3 146 137

4 148 135

5 151 138

6 153 135

7 154 141

8 156 142

9 156 140

10 157 139

11 158 136

12 158 139

13 159 135

14 157 140

15 158 134

16 159 142

17 160 146

18 161 137

19 160 139

20 161 135

21 160 135

22 160 135

23 161 137

24 161 131

25 160 131

26 161 131

27 131

28 131 120 130 140 150 160 170

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Temperature (F)



# Days



# Temperature Graph

ASP WindrowACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix G, Windrow Temperatures

Day Zone Temp 1 Temp 2 Temp Sum # of Values Average Temp Average

0 3 124 126 250 2 125 Day Temp Sum # of Values Average Temp

1 3 126 134 260 2 130 0 125 1 125

2 3 138 132 270 2 135 1 130 1 130

3 3 136 138 274 2 137 2 135 1 135

4 2 134 138 272 2 136 3 137 1 137

4 3 134 132 266 2 133 4 269 2 135

5 2 144 144 288 2 144 5 279 2 140

5 3 134 136 270 2 135 6 135 1 135

6 2 138 132 270 2 135 7 282 2 141

7 2 138 136 274 2 137 8 284 2 142

7 3 146 144 290 2 145 9 420 3 140

8 1 138 136 274 2 137 10 416 3 139

8 3 148 146 294 2 147 11 407 3 136

9 1 140 142 282 2 141 12 278 2 139

9 2 140 142 282 2 141 13 270 2 135

9 3 136 140 276 2 138 14 280 2 140

10 1 138 138 276 2 138 15 267 2 134

10 2 144 146 290 2 145 16 294 2 147

10 3 132 134 266 2 133 17 291 2 146

11 1 133 133 266 2 133 18 274 2 137

11 2 140 142 282 2 141 19 139 1 139

11 3 132 134 266 2 133 20 270 2 135

12 2 142 144 286 2 143 21 270 2 135

12 3 136 134 270 2 135 22 135 1 135

13 1 132 134 266 2 133 23 137 1 137

13 2 138 136 274 2 137 24 262 2 131

14 1 134 136 270 2 135 25 131 1 131

14 2 146 144 290 2 145 26 131 1 131

15 1 134 136 270 2 135 27 131 1 131

15 3 132 132 264 2 132 28 131 1 131

16 1 136 138 254 2 137

16 2 156 158 314 2 157

17 1 138 134 272 2 136

17 2 154 156 310 2 155

18 1 136 134 270 2 135

18 2 138 140 278 2 139

19 2 138 140 278 2 139

20 1 134 136 270 2 135

20 2 134 136 270 2 135

21 1 136 138 274 2 137

21 2 134 132 266 2 133

22 1 136 134 270 2 135

23 1 136 138 274 2 137

24 1 134 132 266 2 133

24 2 128 130 258 2 129

25 1 130 132 262 2 131

28 1 130 132 262 2 131ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix G, ASP Temperatures

T-X-1 T-X-2 T-X-3 Overall Combined

Zone Day 2' 3' 5' 2' 3' 5' 2' 3' 5' Average Day Sum # of Days Average

1 0 0 141 1 140.7

1 1 143 1 142.9

2 2 287 2 143.3

3 3 289 2 144.3

4 138 154 154 140 151 158 166 164 146 152 4 448 3 149.4

5 5 302 2 151.0

6 150 152 156 142 146 160 168 166 150 154 6 306 2 153.2

7 152 153 164 144 142 162 170 170 152 157 7 465 3 155.1

8 140 156 140 154 156 164 164 158 160 155 8 311 2 155.7

9 144 154 158 156 154 162 162 156 164 157 9 472 3 157.3

10 142 152 156 158 156 160 164 158 163 157 10 474 3 158.0

11 144 156 158 166 158 162 162 156 160 158 11 474 3 158.0

12 12 318 2 159.0

13 150 156 158 162 156 156 164 158 154 157 13 314 2 157.1

14 152 160 160 164 158 158 162 160 156 159 14 315 2 157.7

15 154 158 162 160 162 160 164 162 154 160 15 319 2 159.7

16 156 160 160 162 160 162 160 164 156 160 16 477 3 159.1

17 154 158 162 164 162 160 162 166 154 160 17 479 3 159.7

18 156 160 164 162 164 162 160 164 152 160 18 481 3 160.4

19 19 321 2 160.6

20 158 162 162 160 160 160 158 162 154 160 20 319 2 159.4

21 160 164 160 162 158 156 160 160 156 160 21 482 3 160.7

22 162 162 164 160 160 158 162 162 158 161 22 321 2 160.6

23 160 164 162 162 164 160 160 164 160 162 23 322 2 161.1

24 158 162 160 158 160 162 158 162 158 160 24 481 3 160.4

25 160 158 162 160 162 160 162 160 160 160 25 322 2 160.8

26 158 160 160 158 160 158 158 162 158 159 26 320 2 159.8

2 0

1

2 120 130 124 154 154 160 162 134 146 143

3 124 132 126 136 156 164 164 136 142 142

4 140 138 118 160 162 168 166 140 134 147

5 138 140 130 142 166 164 164 154 144 149

6 140 142 144 160 162 162 160 152 146 152

7 144 146 148 158 160 164 158 160 148 154

8

9 148 150 146 158 162 162 164 158 150 155

10 150 152 148 160 164 164 160 156 154 156

11 152 154 144 158 158 160 162 158 156 156

12 154 156 146 156 160 162 160 162 158 157

13 156 146 150 158 162 164 162 164 152 157

14 154 144 148 160 164 162 160 162 154 156

15

16 160 158 146 158 162 160 158 160 156 158

17 164 160 148 160 164 162 160 158 154 159

18 162 162 158 162 160 160 162 160 158 160

19 160 164 160 160 162 162 164 162 160 162

20 158 160 162 158 160 158 160 160 158 159

21 160 162 164 160 162 160 162 164 160 162

22

23

24 162 160 162 162 160 158 160 162 158 160

25

26

27

28

3 0 130 132 132 148 142 154 148 138 142 141

1 132 134 136 154 144 156 146 140 144 143

2 134 136 138 156 148 154 144 142 144 144

3 136 138 140 158 150 158 146 146 146 146

4 138 140 144 160 154 156 148 148 148 148

5 144 146 148 162 160 160 154 150 152 153

6

7 154 150 150 160 158 158 158 152 154 155

8 156 152 154 158 160 160 160 154 156 157

9 160 162 158 160 162 162 162 158 156 160

10 162 160 160 162 164 160 164 160 158 161

11 160 162 158 160 162 162 160 158 160 160

12 162 160 160 162 164 160 162 160 158 161

13

14

15 160 158 162 158 160 162 160 158 160 160

16 160 159 160 160 158 160 162 158 160 160

17 160 160 158 161 160 161 160 160 161 160

18 162 158 159 161 160 160 162 160 162 160

19 160 160 161 160 160 159 158 159 160 160

20

21 160 162 160 162 160 161 161 160 162 161

22 160 161 162 160 160 161 160 159 160 160

23 161 160 159 162 161 160 160 160 161 160

24 160 161 157 161 161 161 164 161 162 161

25 160 162 160 159 169 162 161 159 159 161

26 161 161 161 159 159 161 161 160 161 160ACPFinalReportfoValleyAirTAPProgram,May2013,AppendixH,WaterUseCalculationsCompostinginWindrowsvs.ExtendedAeratedStaticPilesEASPdataisfromthe2012TAPresearchprojectinTulare,CA.WindrowdataisfromtheCityofBakersfield'snormaloperationforreference.TableOne‐WindrowTurningMethod(Waterappliedtonormal2,962cubicyardwindrowsinBakersfield)Gallons #Loads #ofper per Gallons Events Gallons GallonsNote:Windrowsarewateredwithin3hourspriortoturningWaterTruckWatering per per per pertoachieveballtestformoistureperairdistrictrule4566.LoadEvent*EventPilePileCubicYard1. Hydratenewlyformedwindrowwithwatertruck 4,000 4 16,000 1 16,000 52. Hydratewindrowpriorto6turnings(5in15daysPFRPand1@day22) 4,000 3 12,000 6 72,00024Totalfor22dayactivephase: 88,000 30*averagedforseasonalvariationTableTwo‐ExtendedAeratedStaticPileMethod(Waterappliedtoeach506cubicyardpileinTulare)Gallons Minutes #ofper per Gallons Events Gallons GallonsNote:Item2(compostcoverwater)couldbereducedsinceMinute Watering per per per pertherewassignificantextrawaterrunoffduringpilotprogram.FlowEvent*EventPilePileCubicYard1. Hydrateincomingfeedstockwith11/4"firehoseaspileisbuilt 35 240 8,400 1 8,400 172. Moistencompostcoverwith3lawnsprinklers6x/daytillday22 11 6 66 63 4,1588Totalfor22dayactivephase: 12,558 25*averagedforseasonalvariation

### Comparsion of ASP and Windrow Layouts

A - EASP Facility Layout B - Windrow Facility Layout

Footprint: Footprint:

• 1080' X 140' = 151,200 sq.ft. / 43,560 ft 2 

### /acre = 3.5 acres per cell block • 1080' X 30' = 32,400 sq.ft. / 43,560 ft per acre = 0.75 acres per row
Volume/Acre: Volume/Acre:

• 740 yd/cell X 42 cells/cell block = 31,080 cu yd per cell block • 2,963 cu.yd/row

• Divide 3.5 acres per cell block = 8,880 cu.yd/acre • Divide 0.75 acres/row = 3,950 cu.yd/acre ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix I, Facility Layour Comparison



### 1,080' 10' drive aisle

10' toe

10' drive aisle 50'

work

margin 50'

work

margin

90' cell
length 

### 1050' makes

42 cells @25'

ea in cell block 1,080' 1,000'

windrows 40' turning margin

10' 10' drive aisles

20' 20' 280' 280'

35' Zone Width

### 100,000 Ton/Year Facility Example

Number of cycles or turn over per year is facility specific. Therefore, assume range of

four cycles (90 days) or five cycles (70 days)

Extended Aerated Static Pile (EASP)
8,880 cu yd/acre
2.5 cu yd/ton = 3,552 tons/acre

90 day (4 cycles year):
100,000 tons/year
4 cycles/year = 25,000 tons/cycle

25,000 tons/cycle

3,552 tons/acre = 7.03 acre/cycle

70 day (5 cycles year):
100,000 tons/year
5 cycles/year = 20,000 tons/cycle
20,000 tons/cycle

3,552 tons/acre = 5.63 acre/cycle

Windrow

3,950 cu yd/acre 2.5 cu yd/ton = 1,580 tons/acre

90 day (4 cycles year):
100,000 tons/year
4 cycles/year = 25,000 tons/cycle
25,000 tons/cycle

1,580 tons/acre = 15.8 acre/cycle

70 day (5 cycles year):
100,000 tons/year
5 cycles/year = 20,000 tons/cycle
20,000 tons/cycle

1,580 tons/acre = 12.65 acre/cycle 

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix I, 100,000

TPY Facility Calculation

### 100,000 Ton/Year Facility Example (Short Formula)

Extended Aerated Static Pile (EASP)
8,880 cu yd/acre

2.5 cu yd/ton = 3,552 tons/acre Pad Acres

Low Pad Acres

High

90 day (4 cycles year): 7.03 acre/cycle eASP 5.63 7.03
70 day (5 cycles year): 5.63 acre/cycle Windrow 12.65 15.8

Windrow

3,950 cu yd/acre 2.5 cu yd/ton = 1,580 tons/acre

90 day (4 cycles year): 15.8 acre/cycle

70 day (5 cycles year): 12.65 acre/cycle

-55.5%

44.5%

44.5% 

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix I,

Formula for Land Use Reduction

eASP Windrow

0 5 10 15 20

Pad Acres Low

Pad Acres High

5.63 7.03 12.65 15.8

## ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix I, Starting cross-section dimensions for ASP and Windrow

(shrinkage will occur) (drawings not exactly to scale)

Plenum layer, ~1' thick, coarse-ground wood chips

Cap layer, ~1' thick, finished unscreened compost

cap layer

10'

plenum layer

35' 30' 5' *6' 4" diameter perforated pipe

95'

* Center two aeration pipes tend to be slightly farther apart due to presence of blower and T-connector.

8'

18' 

# Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Windrow

### ACP Final Report fo Valley Air TAP Program, May 2013, Appendix I, Windrow Facility Layout

Footprint:

• 1080' X 30' = 32,400 sq.ft. / 43,560 ft per acre = 0.75 acre per row
Volume/Acre:

• 2,963 cu.yd/row

• Divide 0.75 acres/row = 3,950 cu.yd/acre 1,080' 1,000'

windrows 40' turning margin

10' 10' drive aisles

20' 20' 280'

20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10'

40' turning margin