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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND

 POLLUTION PREVENTION

MEMORANDUM

Date: March 17, 2016

 

Subject: Abamectin. Petition for the Establishment of Permanent Tolerances and Registration 

for New Uses on Bean, Various Tropical Fruits, Onion, Green, Subgroup 3-07B; 

Fruit, Pome, Group 11-10; Fruit, Small Vine Climbing, except Fuzzy Kiwifruit, 

Subgroup 13-07F; Berry, Low Growing, Subgroup 13-07G; and Conversion of 

Existing Crop Groups to Vegetable, Fruiting, Group 8-10 (and Addition of 

Greenhouse-grown Tomato); Fruit, Citrus, Group 10-10; Fruit, Stone, Group 12-12; 

and Nut, Tree, Group 14-12. Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data.

PC Code: 122804 DP Barcode: D424008

Decision No.: 495169 Registration Nos.: 100-1154, 100-1351, 100-

1408, and 100-1439

Petition No.: 4E8309 Regulatory Action: Section 3 Registration

Risk Assessment Type: NA Case No.: NA

TXR No.: NA CAS No.: 71751-41-2

MRID No.: See Below 40 CFR: 180.449

From: Nancy Dodd, Chemist

Risk Assessment Branch III (RAB3)

Health Effects Division (HED; 7509P)

Through: Christine Olinger, Branch Chief

Risk Assessment Branch III (RAB3)

Health Effects Division (HED; 7509P)

To: Barbara Madden/Sidney Jackson, RM #5

Registration Division (7505P)
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Summary of Submitted Residue Chemistry Studies

OCSPP 860 Series 

Guideline

MRID 

Number

Title

860.1500 49455901 Leonard, R. (2014) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Tomato (Greenhouse). Project 

Number: 05076, 05076/11/MIR03, 05076/11/WI14. Unpublished study prepared by 

Interregional Research Project No. 4, University of Florida, Texas AgriLife Research. 229 

p.

860.1500 49455902 Leonard, R. (2012) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Onion (Green). Project 

Number: A4068, A4068/09/MD18, A4068/09/FL55. Unpublished study prepared by 

University of Florida, Interregional Research Project No. 4, University of 

Maryland/LESREC. 172 p.

860.1500 49455903 Jolly, C. (2014) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Guava: Final Report. Project 

Number: 06435, 06435/99/BER03, 06435/99/FL51. Unpublished study prepared by 

Interregional Research Project No. 4, University of Florida, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 148 

p.

860.1500 49455904 Jolly, C. (2014) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Bean (Lima): Final Report. 

Project Number: 07271, 07271/99/CIR03, 07271/99/CA58. Unpublished study prepared by 

Interregional Research Project No. 4, University of California Kearney Agricultural Center, 

University of Idaho. 186 p.

860.1500 49455905 Jolly, C. (2014) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Lychee: Final Report. Project 

Number: 07831, 07831/01/NYR09, 07831/01/FL19. Unpublished study prepared by 

Interregional Research Project No. 4, Cornell University, University of Florida. 137 p.

860.1500 49455906 Dorschner, K. (2013) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Papaya. Project Number: 

04078, 04078/98/ABC06, 04078/98/FL15. Unpublished study prepared by Interregional 

Research Project No. 4, ABC Laboratories, Inc., University of Florida. 143 p.

860.1500 49455907 Jolly, C. (2014) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Pineapple. Project Number: 

08439, 08439/02/HIR01, 08439/02/HI09. Unpublished study prepared by Interregional 

Research Project No. 4 and University of Hawaii. 258 p.

860.1500 49455908 Jolly, C. (2014) Abamectin: Magnitude of the Residue on Bean (Snap): Final Report. 

Project Number: 05478, 05478/99/CIR02, 05478/99/FL33. Unpublished study prepared by 

Interregional Research Project No. 4, University of Florida, Cornell University. 226 p.
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Table of Contents

1.0 Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 5

2.0 Regulatory Recommendations............................................................................................ 6

2.1 Data Deficiencies/Data Needs.......................................................................................... 6

2.2 Tolerance Considerations................................................................................................. 7

2.2.1 Enforcement Analytical Method............................................................................... 7

2.2.2 Recommended Tolerances........................................................................................ 7

2.2.3 Revisions to Petitioned-For Tolerances.................................................................... 8

2.2.4 International Harmonization ..................................................................................... 8

2.3 Label Recommendations.................................................................................................. 9

3.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Chemical Identity ........................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Physical/Chemical Characteristics................................................................................. 11

3.3 Pesticide Use Pattern/Directions for Use (860.1200)..................................................... 11

4.0 Metabolite/Degradate Residue Profile.............................................................................. 21

4.1 Nature of the Residue..................................................................................................... 21

4.1.1 Summary of Plant Metabolism (860.1300)............................................................. 21

4.1.2 Summary of Livestock Metabolism (860.1300)..................................................... 21

4.1.3 Summary of Confined Rotational Crops (860.l850)............................................... 22

4.1.4. Summary of Metabolites and Degradates............................................................... 22

4.2 Comparison of Metabolic Pathways .............................................................................. 22

4.3 Residues of Concern Summary and Rationale............................................................... 23

5.0 Residue Profile.................................................................................................................. 24

5.1 Residue Analytical Methods (860.1340)........................................................................ 24

5.1.1 Data Collection Methods ........................................................................................ 24

5.1.2 Multi-Residue Methods (860.1360)........................................................................ 26

5.1.3 Tolerance Enforcement Methods............................................................................ 26

5.1.4 Submittal of Analytical Reference Standards (860.1650) ...................................... 26

5.2 Storage Stability (860.1380) .......................................................................................... 27

5.3 Residue Data .................................................................................................................. 29

5.3.1 Crop Field Trials (860.1500) .................................................................................. 29

5.3.2 Field Rotational Crops (860.1900) ......................................................................... 31

5.3.3 Processed Food and Feed (860.1520)..................................................................... 37
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5.3.4 Meat, Milk, Poultry and Eggs (860.1480) .............................................................. 38

5.3.5. Food Handling (860.1460)...................................................................................... 38

5.3.6. Water, Fish, and Irrigated Crops (860.1400).......................................................... 38

5.4. Food Residue Profile...................................................................................................... 38

6.0 Tolerance Derivation ........................................................................................................ 40

Appendix A. Field Trial Geographic Distribution....................................................................... 43

Appendix B. International Residue Limits Tables....................................................................... 44

Appendix C. OECD MRL Calculation Procedure Inputs/Outputs.............................................. 47
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1.0 Executive Summary

The petitioner, IR-4, on behalf of the Agricultural Experiment Stations of CA, HI, OR, SC, TN, 

FL, DE, and PR, requests establishment of tolerances for new uses on bean, papaya, star apple, 

black sapote, sapodilla, canistel, mamey sapote, guava, feijoa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, starfruit, 

passionfruit, acerola, lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, pineapple; onion, green, 

subgroup 3-07B; fruit, pome, group 11-10; fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, 

subgroup 13-07F; berry, low growing, subgroup 13-07G; and conversion of existing crop groups 

to vegetable, fruiting, group 8-10 (and addition of greenhouse-grown tomato); fruit, citrus, group 

10-10; fruit, stone, group 12-12; and nut, tree, group 14-12. The labels affected by these changes 

are Agri-Mek SC (EPA Reg. No. 100-1351); Epi-Mek SC (EPA Reg. No 100-1408); Epi-Mek 

0.15 EC (EPA Reg. No. 100-1154); and Epi-Mek SCL (EPA Reg. No. 100-1439).

The petitioner has proposed tolerances for abamectin (avermectin), including its metabolites and 

degradates, in or on the specified commodities. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified is 

to be determined by measuring only avermectin B1 [a mixture of avermectins containing greater 

than or equal to 80% avermectin B1a (5-O-demethyl avermectin A1) and less than or equal to 

20% avermectin B1b (5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-25-(1-methylethyl) avermectin A1]

and its delta-8,9-isomer.

Tolerances are established under 40 CFR §180.449 for residues of abamectin, including its 

metabolites and degradates, in or on various crop and livestock commodities at levels ranging 

from 0.005 ppm to 1.0 ppm. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified is to be determined 

by measuring only avermectin B1 [a mixture of avermectins containing greater than or equal to 

80% avermectin B1a (5-O-demethyl avermectin A1) and less than or equal to 20% avermectin B1b

(5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-25-(1-methylethyl) avermectin A1)] and its delta-8,9-

isomer.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1154) is proposed for use on bean, 

the green onion subgroup 3-07B, the fruiting vegetable group 8-10, the citrus fruit group 10-10, 

the small fruit vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F; the low growing berry 

subgroup 13-07G, the pome fruit group 11-10, the stone fruit group 12-12, the tree nut group 14-

12, papaya, star apple, black sapote, sapodilla, canistel, mamey sapote, guava, feijoa, jaboticaba, 

wax jambu, starfruit, passionfruit, acerola, lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, and 

pineapple.

Agri-Mek® SC Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1351), Epi-MekTM SC 

Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1408), and Epi-MekTM SCL (EPA Reg. No. 100-1439)

are proposed for use on dry beans, greenhouse-grown tomato, the fruiting vegetable group 8-10, 

the citrus fruit group 10-10, the pome fruit group 11-10, the small fruit vine climbing, except 

fuzzy kiwifruit subgroup 13-07F; the low growing berry subgroup 13-07G, the stone fruit group 

12-12, and the tree nut group 14-12.

Multiple broadcast foliar applications of the EC or SC formulations are made to control insects. 

Application rates range from 0.046 to 0.076 lb ai/A/season with PHIs ranging from 1 day to 16 

weeks. 
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The residue chemistry database is adequate for tolerance assessment and registration. Residues 

of concern in primary (treated) plants, rotational crops, and ruminants are parent (avermectin B1a

and B1b) and the 8,9-Z isomers. The crop field trials adequately reflect the proposed use 

patterns. The number of trials and the geographic representation are adequate. Acceptable

methods were used for residue quantitation, and adequate storage stability data are available to 

support sample storage durations and conditions for all analytes. Residues were small but 

quantifiable in greenhouse-grown tomato and papaya; residues ranged from not quantifiable to 

small but quantifiable in green onion, guava, and lychee. Residues were all <0.004 ppm in lima 

bean, snap bean, and pineapple. Residue decline studies on tomatoes and green onions indicated 

that residues decreased over time.

There are no processed commodities for green onion, guava, lima bean, lychee, papaya, and snap 

bean. 

The processed commodities for pineapple are process residue (also known as wet bran) and 

juice. No processing study has been submitted for pineapple. Crop field trials were conducted at 

exaggerated application rates (in addition to the proposed label rate) and residues of abamectin 

were not detected. Therefore, processing studies for pineapple are not needed, and tolerances for 

pineapple processed commodities are not required.

The processed commodities for tomato are paste and puree. Based on the results from the 5x rate 

field trials, the average processing factors for abamectin residues were 0.52x in puree and 0.94x 

in paste. These data indicate that abamectin residues do not concentrate in tomato processed

fractions; therefore, separate tolerances are not required for tomato paste or puree.

A confined rotational crop study indicated that avermectin residues of significant toxicological 

concern are not expected to occur in rotational crops. 

2.0 Regulatory Recommendations

Provided that the requested analytical reference standards and revised Sections B and F are 

submitted, there are no residue chemistry considerations that would preclude the establishment

of permanent tolerances and registration for new uses on bean, papaya, star apple, black sapote, 

sapodilla, canistel, mamey sapote, guava, feijoa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, starfruit, passionfruit, 

acerola, lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, pineapple, onion, green, subgroup 3-

07B; fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F; berry, low growing, 

subgroup 13-07G; fruit, pome, group 11-10; and conversion of existing crop groups to vegetable, 

fruiting, group 8-10 (and addition of greenhouse-grown tomato); fruit, citrus, group 10-10; fruit, 

stone, group 12-12; and nut, tree, group 14-12.

The specific tolerance recommendations are discussed in Section 2.2, and the recommended 

label modifications are discussed in Section 2.3.

2.1 Data Deficiencies/Data Needs

There are no data deficiencies.
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2.2 Tolerance Considerations

2.2.1 Enforcement Analytical Method

Adequate enforcement methods for abamectin in plant and livestock commodities are available 

in the Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume II (PAM II). The methods have been validated for 

citrus and processed fractions (Method I), ginned cottonseed (Method IA), and bovine tissues 

and milk (Method II). These methods determine residues in plant and livestock commodities at 

the LOQs of 0.02 ppm for meat and meat byproducts and ≤0.01 ppm for other plant/livestock 

commodities. The limit of detection (LOD) of the methods for plant and livestock commodities 

is 0.001 ppm for each analyte.

2.2.2 Recommended Tolerances

The current tolerance expression in 40 CFR §180.449 is consistent with the S. Knizner memo 

dated 5/27/09.

The petitioner must submit a revised Section F with the correct commodity definition for 

subgroup 13-07F as shown in Table 2.2.2.1 below.

Table 2.2.2.1. Tolerance Summary for Abamectin.

Established 

Commodity

Established

Tolerance 

(ppm)

Proposed 

Commodity1

SyngentaProposed 

Tolerance 

(ppm)

HEDRecommended 

Tolerance 

(ppm)

Comments 

(correct commodity 

definition)

Vegetable, fruiting, 

group 8

0.020 Vegetable, fruiting, 

group 8-10

0.07 0.07 Includes greenhouse-grown

tomatoes.

Citrus 0.02 Fruit, citrus, group 

10-10

0.02 0.02 Retain established 

tolerances of 0.10 ppm on 

citrus, dried pulp and citrus, 

oil.

Grape 0.02 Fruit, small, vine 

climbing, except 

fuzzy kiwifruit, 

subgroup 13-07F

0.02 0.02 Grape is the representative 

commodity of the crop 

group.

Fruit, small vine climbing, 

except fuzzy kiwifruit, 

subgroup 13-07F

Strawberry 0.05 Berry, low growing, 

subgroup 13-07G

0.05 0.05 Strawberry is the

representative commodity 

of the crop group.

Fruit, stone, group 

12

0.09 Fruit, stone, group 

12-12

0.09 0.09

Apple

Pear 

0.020

0.02

Fruit, pome, group 

11-10

0.02 0.02 Apple and pear are the 

representative commodities 

of the crop group.

Nut, tree, group 14

Pistachio

0.01

0.01

Nut, tree, group 14-

12

0.01 0.01 Retain tolerance on almond 

hulls at 0.10 ppm.

-- -- Papaya 0.40 0.40

-- -- Star apple 0.40 0.40

-- -- Black sapote 0.40 0.40
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Table 2.2.2.1. Tolerance Summary for Abamectin.

Established 

Commodity

Established

Tolerance 

(ppm)

Proposed 

Commodity1

SyngentaProposed 

Tolerance 

(ppm)

HEDRecommended 

Tolerance 

(ppm)

Comments 

(correct commodity 

definition)

-- -- Sapodilla 0.40 0.40

-- -- Canistel 0.40 0.40

-- -- Mamey sapote 0.40 0.40

-- -- Guava 0.015 0.015

-- -- Feijoa 0.015 0.015

-- -- Jaboticaba 0.015 0.015

-- -- Wax jambu 0.015 0.015

-- -- Starfruit 0.015 0.015

-- -- Passionfruit 0.015 0.015

-- -- Acerola 0.015 0.015

-- -- Lychee 0.01 0.01

--- -- Longan 0.01 0.01

-- -- Spanish lime 0.01 0.01

-- -- Rambutan 0.01 0.01

-- -- Pulasan 0.01 0.01

-- -- Pineapple 0.015 0.015

Bean, dry, seed 0.01 Bean 0.015 0.015

-- -- Onion, green, 

subgroup 3-07B

0.08 0.08

The following established tolerances should be removed upon approval of the tolerances in Table 

2.2.2.1.

Table 2.2.2.2. Established Tolerances to be Removed upon Establishment of Tolerances in Table 2.2.2.1.

Commodity ppm

Bean, dry, seed 0.01

Citrus 0.02

Apple 0.02

Pear 0.02

Fruit, stone, group 12 0.09

Nut, tree, group 14 0.01

Pistachio 0.01

Grape 0.02

Strawberry 005

Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 0.020

2.2.3 Revisions to Petitioned-For Tolerances

The petitioner should submit a revised Section F to propose the correct commodity definition for 

subgroup 13-07F as shown in Table 2.2.2.1.

2.2.4 International Harmonization

The plant tolerance definitions are essentially the same for the US, Codex, and Canada, all 

including avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and the 8,9-Z isomers. There are Codex and Canadian 
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maximum residue limits (MRLs) for abamectin on peppers, tomatoes, citrus fruit, strawberries, 

apples, pears, almonds and walnuts. An additional Canadian MRL is established on grapes. 

Since some of these MRL levels are different than the recommended US tolerance levels, there 

are harmonization issues for plant commodities. 

Because of limited feed items associated with this petition, the established livestock tolerances 

have not been reassessed for these IR-4 proposed uses.

An International Residue Limits Status sheet is attached (Appendix B.)

2.3 Label Recommendations

860.1200 Directions for Use

The petitioner needs to resolve the following inconsistencies: On the Epi-Mek SCL label for 

greenhouse-grown tomatoes, the maximum rate is given as 3.5 fl oz/A. Because Epi-Mek SCL 

contains only 0.35 lb ai/gal, 3.5 fl oz is 0.0096 lb ai/A, not 0.019 lb ai/A as stated under Use 

Restrictions on page 29. (Other greenhouse-grown tomato labels have the maximum single 

application rate of 0.19 lb ai/A.) Also, the Use Restrictions on pages 28-29 refer to Epi-Mek SC 

rather than Epi-Mek SCL.

3.0 Introduction

Abamectin is an insecticide/miticide used to control mites, leaf miners, and other insects in 

commercially important crops. Avermectins are macrocyclic lactones produced as natural 

fermentation products of the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. Abamectin is a mixture of 

avermectin B1 [a mixture of avermectins containing greater than or equal to 80% avermectin B1a

(5-O-demethyl avermectin A1) and less than or equal to 20% avermectin B1b (5-O-demethyl-25-

de(1-methylpropyl)-25-(1-methylethyl) avermectin A1)] and its delta-8,9-isomer. Abamectin has 

limited plant systemic activity, but does exhibit some translaminar movement. Abamectin acts 

as an insecticide by interfering with the nervous system of the insect, causing the insect to 

become paralyzed. Available mechanistic data indicate a neurotoxic mechanism of action, 

related to interference with GABA-mediated neurotransmission. 
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3.1 Chemical Identity

Table 3.1. Abamectin Nomenclature

Compound

Abamectin

Chemical Structure

Common Names abamectin, avermectin B1

Company experimental 

name

MK-0936

IUPAC name

mixture of (10E,14E,16E)-(1R,4S,5 'S,6S,6 'R,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-6 '-[(S)-

sec-butyl]-21,24-dihydroxy-5 ',11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-

trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene)-6-spiro-2 '-(5 ',6 

'-dihydro-2 'H-pyran)-12-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-α-Larabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-α-L-arabino-hexopyranoside and 

(10E,14E,16E)-(1R,4S,5 'S,6S,6 'R,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-21,22-dihydroxy-6 '-

isopropyl-5 ',11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-

trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene)-6-spiro-2 '-(5 ',6 
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Table 3.1. Abamectin Nomenclature

'-dihydro-2 'H-pyran)-12-yl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-α-Larabino-hexopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-α-L-arabino-hexopyranoside

CAS name Avermectin B1

CAS # Avermectin B1 - 71751-41-2; Avermectin B1a - 65195-55-3; Avermectin B1b -

65195-56-4

End-use products/EPs

Agri-Flex® Miticide/Insecticide, EPA Reg. No. 100-1350, contains 0.277 lb 

abamectin and 1.27 lb thiamethoxam per gallon.

Agri-Mek® SC Miticide/Insecticide, EPA Reg. No. 100-1351, contains 0.7 lb 

abamectin per gallon.

Epi-MekTM SC Miticide/Insecticide, EPA Reg. No. 100-1408, contains 0.7 lb 

abamectin per gallon.

Epi-MekTM SCL Miticide/Insecticide, EPA Reg. No. 100-1439, contains 0.35 lb 

abamectin per gallon. 

3.2 Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Avermectin is a crystalline powder with very low vapor pressure. It has very low water 

solubility but is soluble in organic solvents. Residues do not readily leach to groundwater due to 

their affinity for soil particles. Abamectin is stable to abiotic hydrolysis. Refer to Table 3.2 for 

the table of physical/chemical properties.

TABLE 3.2. Physicochemical Properties of the Technical Grade of Abamectin

Parameter Value Reference

Molecular weight 873.1 MRID 48758002

Melting point/range 161.8-169.4°C (with thermal decomposition)

pH 8-9 at 25°C

Density 1.18 x 103 kg/m3 at 22°C

Water solubility at 25oC 1.21 μg/mL at pH 7.57

Solubility in organic solvents Acetone 72 g/L

Dichloromethane 470 g/L

Ethyl acetate 160 g/L

Hexane 0.110 g/L

Methanol 13 g/L

Octanol 83 g/L

Toluene 23 g/L

Vapor pressure at 25oC <3.7 x 10-6 Pa 

Dissociation constant (pKa) no dissociation constant in aqueous solution

Octanol/water partition coefficient, 

Log Pow

4.4 at pH 7.2

UV/visible absorption spectrum Absorbance maxima

Neutral: 32,549 l/mol•cm at 245 nm

18,983 l/mol•cm at 255 nm

Acidic: 34,515 l/mol•cm at 245 nm

20,977 l/mol•cm at 255 nm

Basic: 29,551 l/mol•cm at 245 nm

3.3 Pesticide Use Pattern/Directions for Use (860.1200)

IR-4 has submitted a petition to add new uses or make crop conversions which affect the 

following registered labels: Agri-Mek® SC Miticide/Insecticide, Epi-MekTM SC 
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Miticide/Insecticide, Epi-Mek 0.15 EC Miticide/Insecticide, and Epi-MekTM SCL 

Miticide/Insecticide. 

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1154) is an emulsifiable concentrate 

which contains 0.15 lb ai/gal. It contains 2.0% abamectin.

Agri-Mek® SC Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1351) and Epi-MekTM SC 

Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1408) are suspension concentrates which contains 0.7 lb 

abamectin per gallon. They contain 8.0% abamectin.

 

Epi-MekTM SCL Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1439 is a suspension concentrate 

which contains 0.35 lb abamectin per gallon. It contains 4.2% abamectin.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1154) is proposed for use on bean, 

the green onion subgroup 3-07B, the fruiting vegetable group 8-10, the citrus fruit group 10-10, 

the small fruit vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F; the low growing berry 

subgroup 13-07G, the pome fruit group 11-10, the stone fruit group 12-12, the tree nut group 14-

12, papaya, star apple, black sapote, sapodilla, canistel, mamey sapote, guava, feijoa, jaboticaba, 

wax jambu, starfruit, passionfruit, acerola, lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, and 

pineapple.

Agri-Mek® SC Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1351), Epi-MekTM SC 

Miticide/Insecticide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1408), and Epi-MekTM SCL (EPA Reg. No. 100-1439)

are proposed for use on dry beans, greenhouse-grown tomato, the fruiting vegetable group 8-10, 

the citrus fruit group 10-10, the pome fruit group 11-10, the small fruit vine climbing, except 

fuzzy kiwifruit subgroup 13-07F; the low growing berry subgroup 13-07G, the stone fruit group 

12-12, and the tree nut group 14-12.

Multiple broadcast foliar applications of the EC or SC formulations are made to control insects. 

Application rates range from 0.046 to 0.076 lb ai/A/season with PHIs ranging from 1 day to 16 

weeks. 
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Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

Bean: (Cicer arietinum (chickpea, garbanzo bean); Lupinus spp. (including sweet lupine, white sweet lupine, white lupine, and grain lupine); Phaseolus 

spp. (including kidney bean, lima bean, mung bean, navy bean, pinto bean, snap bean, and waxbean); Vicia faba (broad bean, fava bean); Vigna spp.

(including asparagus bean, blackeyed pea and cowpea)

Postemergence;

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground or aerial

equipment.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.0094-

0.019

NS 0.056 7 Spray for thorough coverage of the crop canopy.

Apply in a minimum of 10 gal water per acre by ground or 5 

GPA by air.

Repeat as needed. 

Observe a 6-day RTI.

Do not make more than 2 sequential applications of this or any 

other abamectin-containing product.

For use on cowpeas that are grown only for dry seed. 

Do not allow livestock to graze cowpea forage and do not 

harvest cowpea forage or hay for use as livestock feed.

Beans, Dry: (Cicer arietinum (chickpea, garbanzo bean), Lupinus spp. (including sweet lupine, white sweet lupine, white lupine, and grain lupine),

Phaseolus spp. (including kidney bean, lima bean, mung bean, navy bean, pinto bean, snap bean, and waxbean), Vicia faba (broad bean, fava bean), and Vigna

spp. (including adzuki bean, asparagus bean, blackeyed pea, catjang, Chinese longbean, cowpea*, crowder pea, moth bean, mung bean, rice bean, southern

pea, urd bean, and yardlong bean)

Postemergence; 

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground or aerial 

equipment

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

0.0096-

0.019

NS 0.056 7 Spray for thorough coverage of the crop canopy. 

Apply in a minimum of 10 gal water per acre by ground or 5 

GPA by air.

Apply when adult leafminer flies or spider mites are first 

observed. 

Repeat as needed.

Observe a 6-day RTI.

For use on cowpeas that are grown only for dry seed. 

Do not allow livestock to graze cowpea forage and do not 

harvest cowpea forage or hay for use as livestock feed.

For resistance management, do not make more than 2 

sequential applications of Agri-Mek® SC or any other foliarapplied abamectin-containing product.

Citrus Fruit Group 10-10: (Australian desert lime; Australian finger-lime; Australian round lime; Brown River finger lime; calamondin; citron; citrus 

hybrids; grapefruit; Japanese summer grapefruit; kumquat; lemon; lime; Mediterranean mandarin; mount white lime; New Guinea wild lime; orange, sour; 
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

Page 14 of 51

Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

orange, sweet; pummelo; Russell River lime; satsuma mandarin; sweet lime; tachibana orange; Tahiti lime; tangelo; tangerine (mandarin); tangor; trifoliate 

orange; uniq fruit; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)

Apply in spring,

summer, and/or fall;

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground or aerial 

equipment.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.0059-

0.023

3 0.047 7 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

For aerial applications, apply in a minimum spray volume of 

10 GPA.

Do not apply with aircraft to citrus in CA.

Do not use in citrus nurseries

Observe a 30-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated orchards.

Apply with horticultural spray oil (not a dormant oil) in the 

spray mixture.

Apply in spring, 

summer, and/or fall;

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground or aerial 

equipment.

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

0.0055-

0.023

3 0.047 7 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

For aerial applications, apply in a minimum spray volume of 

10 GPA.

Do not use in citrus nurseries.

Observe a 30-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated orchards.

Fruiting Vegetable Group 8-10, except Greenhouse-Grown Tomato: (African eggplant; bush tomato; bell pepper; cocona; currant tomato; 

eggplant; garden huckleberry; goji berry; groundcherry; martynia; naranjilla; okra; pea eggplant; pepino; nonbell pepper; roselle; scarlet eggplant; junberry;

tomatillo; tomato; tree tomato; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)

Postemergence;Broadc

ast foliar spray;

Ground or aerial 

equipment.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.0094-

0.019

NS 0.056 7 Spray for thorough coverage of the crop canopy.

Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre by ground or 5 

GPA by air.

The RTI is 7 days. Repeat as necessary to maintain control.

Do not use on fruiting vegetables grown for transplanting.

Do not make more than 2 sequential applications of Epi-Mek®

0.15 EC or any other foliar-applied abamectin-containing 
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

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Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

product.

Postemergence;Broadc

ast foliar spray;

Ground or aerial 

equipment.

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SCL 

0.35 lb ai/gal

[100-1439]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal

[100-1408]

0.0096-

0.019

NS 0.056 7 Spray for thorough coverage of the crop canopy.

Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre by ground or 5 

GPA by air.

The RTI is 7 days. Repeat as necessary to maintain control.

Do not use on fruiting vegetables grown for transplanting.

For resistance management, do not make more than 2 

sequential applications of Agri-Mek® SC or any other foliarapplied abamectin-containing product.

Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes

Postemergence; 

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

0.0096-

0.019

NS 0.056 1 For resistance management, do not make more than 2 

sequential applications of Agri-Mek® SC or any other foliarapplied abamectin-containing product.

The RTI is 7 days. Repeat as necessary to maintain control.

Do not use on plants being grown for transplanting.

Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre.

Postemergence; 

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-MekTMSCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

0.0048-

0.0096

NS 0.056 1 For resistance management, do not make more than 2 

sequential applications of Epi-MekTM SCL or any other foliarapplied abamectin-containing product.

The RTI is 7 days. Repeat as necessary to maintain control.

Do not use on plants being grown for transplanting.

Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre.

Green Onion Subgroup 3-07B: (chive, fresh leaves; chive, Chinese, fresh leaves; Elegans hosta; fritillaria, leaves; kurrat; lady's leek; leek; leek, wild; 

onion, Beltsville bunching; onion, fresh; onion, green; onion, macrostem; onion, tree, tops; onion, Welsh, tops; shallot, fresh leaves; cultivars, varieties, and/or 

hybrids of these)

Postemergence;Broadc

ast foliar spray;

Ground or aerial 

equipment

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.0094-

0.019

NS 0.076 7 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply in a minimum of 20 gal water per acre with ground 

equipment and in a minimum of 5 GPA with aircraft.

Apply with a non-ionic activator type wetting, spreading, 
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

Page 16 of 51

Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

and/or penetrating adjuvant. Do not use binder or sticker type 

adjuvants.

Do not make more than 2 sequential applications of this or any 

abamectin-containing product.

Observe a 7-day RTI.

Do not apply with aircraft in NY state or CA.

Guava1

: (guava, feijoa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, starfruit, passionfruit, and acerola)

Spring, summer, and/or 

fall;

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground equipment 

only.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

3 0.070 7 Apply when mites first appear.

Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 5 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Apply with horticultural spray oil (not a dormant oil).

Observe a 14-day RTI.

Low Growing Berry Subgroup 13-07G : (bearberry; bilberry; blueberry, lowbush; cloudberry; cranberry; lingonberry; muntries; partridgeberry;

strawberry; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)

Postemergence; 

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

0.019 NS 0.075 3 Spray for thorough coverage.

Make 2 applications 7-10 days apart when mites first appear. 

Wait at least 21 days after the second application before 

repeating application. 

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 10 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Do not use in strawberry nurseries.

Postemergence; 

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

0.019 NS 0.075 3 Make 2 applications 7-10 days apart when mites first appear. 

Wait at least 21 days after the second application before 

repeating application. 

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 10 GPA 
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

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Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

with an electro-static sprayer.

Do not use in strawberry nurseries.

Lychee1: (longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, and pulasan)

Spring, summer, and/or 

fall;

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground equipment 

only.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

2 0.046 14 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 5 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Apply with horticultural spray oil (not a dormant oil).

Observe a 30-day RTI.

Papaya1: (papaya, star apple, black sapote, sapodilla, canistel, and mamey sapote)

Spring, summer, and/or 

fall; 

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground equipment 

only.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

3 0.070 3 Apply when mites first appear.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 5 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Apply with a horticultural spray oil (not a dormant oil).

Observe a 14-day RTI.

Do not apply to mango.

Pineapple

Broadcast foliar spray;

Ground equipment 

only.

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

2 0.047 16 

weeks

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 5 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Observe a 7-day RTI.

Pome Fruit Group 11-10: (apple; azarole; crabapple; loquat; mayhaw; medlar; pear; pear, Asian; quince; quince, Chinese; quince, Japanese; tejocote; 

cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)

Postemergence;

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

2 0.047 28 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 40 gal water per acre.

For best results, apply with a horticultural spray oil (not a 

dormant oil). 

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated orchards.
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

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Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

Postemergence;

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

0.011-

0.023

2 0.047 28 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 40 gal water per acre.

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated orchards.

Small Fruit Vine Climbing, Except Fuzzy Kiwifruit Subgroup 13-07F: (Amur river grape; gooseberry; grape; kiwifruit, hardy; maypop;

schisandra berry; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)

Postemergence;

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.0094-

0.019

2 0.038 28 Spray for thorough coverage.

Repeat application if needed.

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 5 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated vineyards.

Postemergence;

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

0.0096-

0.019

2 0.038 28 Spray for thorough coverage.

Repeat application if needed.

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water per acre with 

conventional ground equipment or in a minimum of 5 GPA 

with an electro-static sprayer.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated vineyards.

Stone fruit Group 12-12: (apricot; apricot, Japanese; capulin; cherry, black; cherry, Nanking; cherry, sweet; cherry, tart; Jujube, Chinese; nectarine; 

peach; plum; plum, American; plum, beach; plum, Canada; plum, cherry; plum, Chickasaw; plum, Damson; plum, Japanese; plum, Klamath; plum, prune;

plumcot; sloe; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

Page 19 of 51

Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

Broadcast foliar spray; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

2 0.047 21 Apply when mites first appear.

Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 40 gal water per acre.

Always apply with a nonionic surfactant or horticultural spray 

oil (not a dormant oil). 

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated orchards.

Broadcast foliar sprays; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

0.011-

0.023

2 0.047 21 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 40 gal water per acre.

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated orchards.

Tree Nut Group 14-12: (African nut-tree; almond; beechnut; Brazil nut; Brazilian pine; bunya; bur oak; butternut; Cajou nut; candlenut; cashew; 

chestnut; chinquapin; coconut; coquito nut; dika nut; ginkgo; Guiana chestnut; hazelnut (filbert); heartnut; hickory nut; Japanese horse-chestnut; macadamia 

nut; mongongo nut; monkey-pot; monkey puzzle nut; Okari nut; Pachira nut; peach palm nut; pecan; pequi; Pili nut; pine nut; pistachio; Sapucaia nut; tropical 

almond; walnut, black; walnut, English; yellowhorn; cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these)

Broadcast foliar sprays; 

Ground equipment only

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC

0.15 lb ai/gal

[100-1154]

0.012-

0.023

2 0.047 21 Apply when mites first appear. 

Spray for thorough coverage.

Always use with a horticultural spray oil (not a dormant oil). 

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 40 gal water per acre.

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated groves/orchards.

Broadcast foliar sprays; 

Ground equipment only

Agri-Mek® SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1351]

0.011-

0.023

2 0.047 21 Spray for thorough coverage.

Apply by ground in dilute or concentrate sprays.

Apply in a minimum of 40 gal water per acre.
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

Page 20 of 51

Table 3.3. Summary of Proposed Directions for Use of Abamectin on Corn (Field, Pop, Seed, and Sweet) and Soybean.

Applic. Timing, Type, 

and Equip.

Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]

Applic. 

Rate 

(lb 

ai/A)

Max. 

No. 

Applic. 

per 

Season

Max. 

Seasonal 

Applic. 

Rate

(lb ai/A)

PHI

(days) Use Directions and Limitations2

Epi-MekTM SC

0.7 lb ai/gal 

[100-1408]

Epi-MekTM SCL

0.35 lb ai/gal 

[100-1439]

Observe a 21-day RTI.

Do not allow livestock to graze in treated groves/orchards.

1 The commodity definitions for guava, lychee, and papaya are stated in the EPA “Reviewer’s Guide” (Bernard Schneider, June 14, 2006). 2 Restrictions:

Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC/Agri-Mek® SC/Epi-MekTM SC/Epi-MekTM SCL are Restricted Use Pesticides.

To avoid illegal residues, Agri-Mek® SC/ Epi-MekTM SC/Epi-MekTM SCL must be mixed with a non-ionic activator type wetting, spreading and/or penetrating 

spray adjuvant or horticultural oil (not a dormant oil). Do not use binder or sticker type adjuvants.

Do not apply Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC/Agri-Mek® SC/Epi-MekTM SC/Epi-MekTM SCL with aircraft in NY state. 

Do not apply Epi-Mek® 0.15 EC/Agri-Mek® SC/Epi-MekTM SC/Epi-MekTM SCL through any type of irrigation system. 
Page 21 of 51

Conclusions. The petitioner needs to resolve the following inconsistencies: On the Epi-Mek 

SCL label for greenhouse-grown tomatoes, the maximum rate is given as 3.5 fl oz/A. Because 

Epi-Mek SCL contains only 0.35 lb ai/gal, 3.5 fl oz is 0.0096 lb ai/A, not 0.019 lb ai/A as stated 

under Use Restrictions on page 29. (Other greenhouse-grown tomato labels have the maximum 

single application rate of 0.19 lb ai/A.) Also, the Use Restrictions on pages 28-29 refer to EpiMek SC rather than Epi-Mek SCL.

Provided the inconsistencies noted above are resolved, the labels are adequate to allow 

evaluation of the residue data relative to the proposed use.

 

4.0 Metabolite/Degradate Residue Profile

4.1 Nature of the Residue

4.1.1 Summary of Plant Metabolism (860.1300)

DP Barcode D380523, N. Dodd, 7/18/11

No new plant metabolism data were submitted with this registration request. The qualitative 

nature of the abamectin residues in plants is adequately understood based on metabolism studies 

on cotton, citrus, and celery (PP#'s 5G3500, 5G3287, and 8F3649, respectively), as well as a 

report titled "Comparative Degradation of Avermectin B1a in Cotton Leaf, Citrus Fruit, Celery, 

and In Vitro" (PP#9F3703, S. Willett, 12/15/89). The available studies indicate that the 

metabolism of abamectin in plants results in a complex mixture of residues. The majority of the 

terminal residue is composed of several unidentified polar degradates. The parent compound, its 

delta-8,9-isomer, and the alpha 8-OH degradate have been identified in plants, with only the 

parent and its delta-8,9-isomer each accounting for at least 10% of the total residue. The polar 

degradates generated on citrus (7-day PHI) and in vitro (30 hour sample) have been tested for 

toxicity (in the developmental toxicity study in CF-1 mice) and were found to be of no 

toxicological significance at the levels tested (TOX memos 7080 and 7081, W. Dykstra, 3/15/89; 

PP#8F3592, F. Boyd, 6/21/89; D203373, G. J. Herndon, 3/29/95). As stated in The Pesticide 

Manual, Eleventh Edition, British Crop Protection Council (1997), abamectin has limited plant 

systemic activity, but does exhibit some translaminar movement. For the tolerance expression 

and risk assessment, the residues of concern in plants are the parent compounds (avermectin B1a

and B1b) and their delta-8,9-isomers (also known as 8,9-Z avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z avermectin 

B1b).

4.1.2 Summary of Livestock Metabolism (860.1300)

DP Barcode D380523, N. Dodd, 7/18/11

DP Barcode D357192, T. Morton, 1/27/09

No new livestock metabolism data were submitted with this registration request.

The qualitative nature of abamectin residues in ruminants as a result of application to crops is 

adequately understood based on a goat metabolism study which was previously submitted 

(PP#7G3468, L. Cheng, 2/11/87; PP#9F3703, S. Willett, 12/15/89). The residues of concern in 

ruminants for the tolerance expression and risk assessment are the parent compounds 
Abamectin Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data Barcode D414022

Page 22 of 51

(avermectin B1a and B1b) and their delta-8,9-isomers. An additional metabolite (24-

hydroxymethyl avermectin B1a) was identified and is potentially of toxicological significance, 

but was not included in the tolerance expression because of its presence at low levels 

(PP#8F3592, F. Boyd, 6/21/89; DP#203373, G. J. Herndon, 3/29/95). If the tolerances for 

residues in meat and milk need to be significantly raised at some future time due to registration 

of abamectin on additional feed items, the 24-hydroxymethyl metabolite may need to be included 

in the tolerance expression and appropriate enforcement methods developed.

No poultry metabolism study has been submitted and none is required. Based on dietary burden 

calculations using Table 1 Feedstuffs (June 2008), no secondary residues are expected to occur in 

poultry commodities. (Note: The tolerances for meat and meat by-products of poultry and swine 

were established for residues from use in food handling establishments.)

4.1.3 Summary of Confined Rotational Crops (860.l850)

DP Barcode D380523, N. Dodd, 7/18/11

DP Barcode D230333, G. Jeffrey Herndon, 1/10/97

No confined rotational crop studies were submitted with this registration request. The qualitative 

nature of the residue in rotational crops is adequately defined. Review of the results of the 

previously submitted confined rotational crop study indicated that avermectin residues 

accumulated in some rotational crops at levels up to 10-12 ppb. However, the radioactivity was 

due to polar degradates that were of little toxicological concern as compared to the parent 

compound avermectin B1 and/or the delta-8,9-isomer (Memo, P. Mastradone, 4/24/88). 

4.1.4. Summary of Metabolites and Degradates

4.2 Comparison of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolism studies on cottonseed, citrus, and celery indicate that the metabolism of abamectin in 

plants results in a complex mixture of residues. The majority of the terminal residue is 

composed of several unidentified polar degradates. The parent compound, its delta-8,9-isomer, 

and the alpha 8-OH degradate have been identified in plants, with only the parent and its delta8,9-isomer each accounting for at least 10% of the total residue. In citrus, the majority of the 

residue remained in the peel but a small amount translocated into the pulp. For the tolerance 

assessment and risk assessment, the residues of concern in these crops are the parent compounds 

(avermectin B1a and B1b) and their delta-8,9-isomers (also known as 8,9-Z isomers).

The results of a confined rotational crop study indicated that avermectin residues accumulated in 

some rotational crops at levels up to 10-12 ppb; however, the radioactivity was due to polar 

degradates that were of little toxicological concern as compared to the parent compound 

avermectin B1 and/or the delta-8,9-isomer. It is not likely that residues of concern will occur in 

rotational crops.

Based on the goat metabolism study, the residues of concern in ruminants for the tolerance 

expression and risk assessment are the parent compounds (avermectin B1a and B1b) and their 

delta-8,9-isomers. The 24-hydroxy-methyl metabolite is a minor metabolite in ruminants 

(goats). 
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A poultry metabolism study has not been conducted. Based on dietary burden calculations using 

Table 1 Feedstuffs (June 2008), no secondary residues are expected to occur in poultry 

commodities; therefore, no poultry metabolism study is required. (Note: The tolerances for 

meat and meat byproducts of poultry and swine of 0.02 ppm were established for residues in 

food handling establishments.) 

4.3 Residues of Concern Summary and Rationale

DP Barcode D402677, N. Dodd, 12/20/12

As shown in Table 4.3 below, the residues of concern for primary crops, rotational crops, and 

ruminants for the tolerance expression and risk assessment are parent (avermectin B1a and B1b) 

and the delta-8,9-isomers (also known as 8,9-Z isomers). 

Table 4.3. Summary of Metabolites and Degradates to be included in the Risk Assessment 

and Tolerance Expression

Matrix Residues included in Risk 

Assessment

Residues included in 

Tolerance Expression

Plants Primary Crop Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and the delta-8,9-isomers 

(also known as 8,9-Z isomers)

Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and the delta-8,9-isomers 

(also known as 8,9-Z isomers)

Rotational Crop Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and the delta-8,9-isomers 

(also known as 8,9-Z isomers)

Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and the delta-8,9-isomers 

(also known as 8,9-Z

isomers)**

Livestock Ruminant* Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and the delta-8,9-isomers 

(also known as 8,9-Z isomers)

Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and the delta-8,9-isomers 

(also known as 8,9-Z isomers)

Poultry Not applicable Not applicable

Drinking Water Parent (avermectin B1a and 

B1b) and structurally similar 

degradates***

Not applicable

* Residues of concern in ruminants include both use on crops and use in cattle ear tags.

** No rotational crop tolerances have been established.

*** The structurally similar degradates included in the drinking water assessment are NOA 448111, NOA 448112, 

NOA 426289, NOA 445495, NOA 457464, and NOA 457465 (D412861, G. Orrick, 5/15/14; refer to D412861 for 

structures).
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5.0 Residue Profile

5.1 Residue Analytical Methods (860.1340)

5.1.1 Data Collection Methods

49455901.der (greenhouse-grown tomato)

49455902.der (green onion)

49455903.der (guava)

49455904.der (lima bean)

49455905.der (lychee)

49455906.der (papaya)

49455907.der (pineapple)

49455908.der (snap bean)

Greenhouse-grown tomatoes: Samples in the current study were analyzed using a working 

method based on the reference Method M-073, entitled “M-073: HPLC-Fluorescence Method for 

the Quantitation of Avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z Avermectin B1 in/on Fruits and Vegetables”. 

Method M-073 is a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence 

detection (HPLC-FD). Residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a (as a single 

analyte/peak) and avermectin B1b (as a separate analyte/peak) were determined. Acceptable 

method validation and concurrent recoveries were reported for tomato samples at fortification 

levels of 0.002 and 0.02 mg/kg (ppm), thus validating the method. The limit of quantitation 

(LOQ) was 0.002 ppm per analyte for tomatoes.

Green onion: Green onion samples were analyzed for residues of abamectin (i.e., avermectin 

B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b ) using analytical Method M-073 (“HPLCFluorescence Method for the Quantitation of Avermectin B1 and 8-9-Z Avermectin B1 in/on 

Fruits and Vegetables”), without modification. The lowest level of method validation (LLMV)

was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; therefore, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) will be set at 0.002 

ppm for each analyte. The method was validated prior to sample analysis by spiking control 

green onion samples with 0.002, 0.020, and 0.100 ppm avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a, 

and 0.002 and 0.010 ppm avermectin B1b. There were two method validation recoveries that 

were low due to sample spillage which were not included in statistical calculations. The 

remaining method validation recoveries were all within the acceptable 70-120% range. Accuracy 

of the method was confirmed by spiking control samples with 0.002-0.100 ppm avermectin B1a, 

avermectin B1b and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a and determining recoveries concurrently with analysis 

of treated sample sets. There were also 2 low concurrent recoveries attributed to sample spillage 

that were not included in statistical calculations. For the remaining samples, with the exception 

of one low recovery (60% in sample spiked with 0.020 ppm avermectin B1a), all recoveries were 

within the acceptable 70-120% range. Given that the majority of method validation and 

concurrent recoveries were within the acceptable range, Method M-073 is adequate for the 

determination of residues in green onions in this study. 

Guava: Samples were analyzed for residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and 

avermectin B1b using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with 

fluorescence detection adapted from Merck Method No. M-073. Acceptable method validation 

and concurrent recoveries were reported for samples fortified with avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a at 0.002-0.1 ppm and with avermectin B1b at 0.002-0.008 ppm, thus validating 
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the method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ; determined as the lowest level of method 

validation, LLMV) was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; the combined LOQ was 0.004 ppm. The 

fortification levels used in concurrent method recovery were adequate to bracket expected 

residue levels. Concurrent recoveries and residues in treated samples were not corrected for 

apparent residues in controls. 

Lima bean: Lima bean samples were analyzed for residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, 

8,9-Z avermectin B1a, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1b using a high performance liquid chromatography 

(HPLC) method with fluorescence detection adapted from Merck Method No. 936-95-2. The 

method determines residues of avermectin B1a + 8,9-Z avermectin B1a as a single analyte and 

residues of avermectin B1b + 8,9-Z avermectin B1b as a single analyte. Acceptable concurrent 

recoveries were reported for samples fortified with avermectin B1a at 0.002-0.1 ppm and with

8,9-Z avermectin B1a at 0.002 ppm, thus validating the method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ; 

determined as the lowest level of method validation, LLMV) was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; 

the combined LOQ was 0.004 ppm. The fortification levels used in concurrent method recovery 

were adequate to bracket expected residue levels. Concurrent recoveries were corrected for 

apparent residues in controls; residues in the treated samples were not corrected for apparent 

residues in controls. 

Lychee: Lychee samples were analyzed for residues of avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a

using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection 

adapted from Merck Method No. M-073. The method determines residues of avermectin B1a + 

8,9-Z avermectin B1a as a single analyte; avermectin B1b was not monitored during this study 

except during method validation. Acceptable method validation and concurrent recoveries were 

reported for samples fortified with avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a at 0.002-0.1 ppm 

and with avermectin B1b at 0.002 ppm, thus validating the method. The limit of quantitation 

(LOQ; determined as the lowest level of method validation, LLMV) was 0.002 ppm. The 

fortification levels used in method validation and concurrent method recovery were adequate to 

bracket expected residue levels. Concurrent recoveries and residues in treated samples were not 

corrected for apparent residues in controls. 

Papaya: Papaya samples were analyzed for residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, 8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1b using a high performance liquid chromatography 

(HPLC) method with fluorescence detection adapted from Merck Method No. M-073. The 

method determines residues of avermectin B1a + 8,9-Z avermectin B1a as a single analyte and 

residues of avermectin B1b + 8,9-Z avermectin B1b as a single analyte. Acceptable method 

validation and concurrent recoveries were reported for samples fortified with avermectin B1a and 

8,9-Z avermectin B1a at 0.002-0.3 ppm and with avermectin B1b at 0.002 ppm, thus validating the 

method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ; determined as the lowest level of method validation, 

LLMV) was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; the combined LOQ was 0.004 ppm. The fortification 

levels used in method validation and concurrent method recovery were adequate to bracket 

expected residue levels (within an order of magnitude). Concurrent recoveries and residues in 

treated samples were not corrected for apparent residues in controls.

 

Pineapple: Pineapple samples were analyzed for residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a

and avermectin B1b using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with 
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fluorescence detection adapted from Merck Method No. M-073. Acceptable method validation 

and concurrent recoveries were reported for samples fortified with avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a at 0.002-0.02 ppm and with avermectin B1b at 0.002 ppm, thus validating the 

method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ; determined as the lowest level of method validation, 

LLMV) was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; the combined LOQ was 0.004 ppm. The fortification 

levels used in method validation and concurrent method recovery were adequate to bracket 

expected residue levels. Concurrent recoveries and residues in treated samples were not 

corrected for apparent residues in controls. 

Snap bean: Samples were analyzed for residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, 8,9-Z

avermectin B1a, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1b using a high performance liquid chromatography 

(HPLC) method with fluorescence detection adapted from Merck Method No. 936-95-2. The 

method determines residues of avermectin B1a + 8,9-Z avermectin B1a as a single analyte and 

residues of avermectin B1b + 8,9-Z avermectin B1b as a single analyte. Acceptable method 

validation and concurrent recoveries were reported for samples fortified with avermectin B1a and 

8,9-Z avermectin B1a at 0.002-0.1 ppm and with avermectin B1b at 0.002-0.008 ppm, thus 

validating the method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ; determined as the lowest level of method 

validation, LLMV) was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; the combined LOQ was 0.004 ppm. The 

fortification levels used in concurrent method recovery were adequate to bracket expected 

residue levels. Concurrent recoveries were corrected for apparent residues in controls; residues 

in the treated samples were not corrected for apparent residues in controls.

5.1.2 Multiresidue Methods (860.1360)

DP Barcode D380523, N. Dodd, 7/18/11

The Pestrak database indicates that abamectin and its metabolites are not recovered or not likely 

to be recovered by FDA multiresidue methods. Therefore, the multiresidue methods cannot be 

used to determine residues for dietary exposure assessment and cannot be used as the primary 

enforcement method.

5.1.3 Tolerance Enforcement Methods

DP Barcode D414022, N. Dodd, 5/15/14

Adequate enforcement methods for abamectin in plant and livestock commodities are available 

in the Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume II (PAM II). The methods have been validated for 

citrus and processed fractions (Method I), ginned cottonseed (Method IA), and bovine tissues 

and milk (Method II). These methods determine residues in plant and livestock commodities at 

LOQs of 0.02 ppm for meat and meat byproducts and ≤0.01 ppm for other plant/livestock 

commodities. The limit of detection (LOD) of the methods for plant and livestock commodities 

is 0.001 ppm for each analyte.

5.1.4 Submittal of Analytical Reference Standards (860.1650)

Analytical reference standards are available at the EPA National Pesticide Standards Repository 

[Source: e-mail from Gregory Verdin of the Analytical Chemistry Branch/Biological and 

Economic Analysis Division (ACB/BEAD)].
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5.2 Storage Stability (860.1380)

49455901.der (greenhouse-grown tomato)

49455902.der (green onion)

49455903.der (guava)

49455904.der (lima bean)

49455905.der (lychee)

49455906.der (papaya)

49455907.der (pineapple)

49455908.der (snap bean)

Storage stability data: As shown in Table 5.2.1, acceptable storage stability data are available 

demonstrating that residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are 

stable under frozen storage for at least 24 months in five different crop types: high water (celery, 

pear, and tomato), high acid (orange, lemon, grapefruit, and strawberry), high protein (bean), 

high fat (sunflower seed), and high starch (potato) (DP# 191433, G. J. Herndon, 5/19/94; 

D414022, N. Dodd, 5/15/14). 

As shown in Table 5.2.2, concurrent storage stability data were provided for greenhouse-grown

tomato (MRID 49455901) and for guava (MRID 49455903). The storage stability data 

demonstrating that residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are 

stable under frozen storage conditions in/on tomato fruit for 716 days and in/on guava for 1013 

days (33.3 months).

Summary of Storage Conditions of Treated Samples:

Greenhouse-grown tomato: All greenhouse-grown tomato samples were maintained frozen at 

the testing facility, during shipping to the laboratory, and were stored frozen (-20°C) until 

analysis. The maximum storage interval for samples between harvest and extraction was 768

days. Samples were analyzed within 5 days of extraction.

Green onion: Green onion samples from the submitted crop field trials were stored frozen 

(≤ -10o

C) from harvest to residue extraction for up to 274 days (~9 months). Samples were 

analyzed for residues within 2 days of extraction.

Guava: Samples were placed in frozen storage at the field sites within ~1 hour of harvest and 

were shipped frozen within 38-45 days of harvest to the analytical laboratory, where the samples 

were stored frozen (~ <-20 °C) prior to preparation and analysis. The maximum storage interval 

for samples between harvest and extraction was 1068 days (35.1 months). Samples were 

analyzed within 0-2 days of extraction.

Lima bean: Samples were maintained frozen at the testing facilities, during shipping, and at the

analytical laboratory until analysis. Samples were stored for a maximum of 434 days (14.3 

months) from harvest to extraction. Samples were analyzed within 2 days of extraction. 

Lychee: All samples were maintained frozen at the testing facilities, during shipping, and at the 

analytical laboratory (~ -21°C) until analysis. The maximum storage interval for samples 

between harvest and extraction was 102 days (3.4 months). Samples were analyzed on the day

of extraction. 
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Papaya: All samples were maintained frozen at the testing facilities, during shipping, and were 

stored frozen at the analytical laboratory (~ -20 °C) until analysis. The maximum storage 

interval for samples between harvest and extraction was 337 days (11.1 months). Samples were 

analyzed within 3 days of extraction. 

Pineapple: All samples were placed in coolers at the testing facilities and were transported on 

the day of harvest to the analytical laboratory where they were stored frozen until analysis. The 

maximum storage interval for samples between harvest and extraction was 142 days (4.7 

months). Samples were analyzed within 1 day of extraction.

Snap bean: All samples were maintained frozen at the testing facilities, during shipping, and 

were stored frozen at the analytical laboratory until analysis. The maximum storage interval for 

samples between harvest and extraction was 351 days (11.5 months). Samples were analyzed 

within 2 days of extraction. 

TABLE 5.2.1. Summary of Storage Conditions.

Matrix Analyte Storage 

Temperature

(°C)

Actual Storage 

Duration1

Interval of Demonstrated Storage 

Stability

(months)

Green onions Avermectin B1a ≤ -10 274 days

(~ 9 months)

Residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin 

B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are stable 

under frozen storage for at least 24 

months in five different crop types: high 

water (celery, pear, and tomato), high 

acid (orange, lemon, grapefruit, and 

strawberry), high protein (bean), high fat 

(sunflower seed), and high starch (potato) 

(DP# 191433, 5/19/94, G.J. Herndon; and 

DP# 414022, 5/15/14, N. Dodd).

Avermectin B1b

8,9-Z Avermectin 

B1a

Lima bean Avermectin B1a/

8,9-Z Avermectin 

B1a

Frozen 69-434 days

(2.3-14.3 months)

Avermectin B1b/

8,9-Z Avermectin 

B1b

Lychee Avermectin B1a ~ -21 ± 7 97-102 days

8,9-Z Avermectin (3.2-3.4 months)

B1a

Avermectin B1b

Papaya Avermectin B1a ~ -20 98-337 days

8,9-Z Avermectin (3.2-11.1 months)

B1a

Avermectin B1b

Pineapple Avermectin B1a <0 7-142 days

8,9-Z Avermectin (0.2-4.7 months)

B1a

Avermectin B1b

Snap bean Avermectin B1a Frozen 272-351 days

8,9-Z Avermectin (8.9-11.5 months)

B1a

Avermectin B1b

1 Storage interval between sample harvest and extraction. Samples were analyzed within 0-3 days of extraction.

Table 5.2.2. Summary of Storage Conditions.

Matrix Analyte Storage 

Temperature 

(°C)

Actual Storage 

Duration1

Interval of Demonstrated Storage 

Stability2

(days)

Guava Avermectin B1a ~ < -20 1056-1068 days

(34.7-35.1 months)

1013 days (33.3 months)

8,9 (MRID 49455903) -Z Avermectin B1a
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Table 5.2.2. Summary of Storage Conditions.

Matrix Analyte Storage 

Temperature 

(°C)

Actual Storage 

Duration1

Interval of Demonstrated Storage 

Stability2

(days)

Avermectin B1b

Tomato fruit Avermectin B1a < -20 768 days

(25.2 months)

716 days (23.5 months)

Avermectin B (MRID 49455901) 1b

8,9-Z avermectin B1a

1 Storage interval between sample harvest and extraction. Samples were analyzed within 0-5 days of extraction. 2 Freezer storage stability data were generated concurrently with guava and tomato greenhouse trials.

Conclusions. Acceptable storage stability data are available demonstrating that residues of 

avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are stable under frozen storage for at 

least 24 months in five different crop types: high water (celery, pear, and tomato), high acid 

(orange, lemon, grapefruit, and strawberry), high protein (bean), high fat (sunflower seed), and 

high starch (potato) (DP# 191433, G. J. Herndon, 5/19/94; D414022, N. Dodd, 5/15/14). 

Concurrent storage stability data were provided for greenhouse-grown tomato and for guava, 

which demonstrate that residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are 

stable under frozen storage conditions in/on tomato fruit for 716 days and in/on guava for 1013 

days (33.3 months).

The available and submitted storage stability data are adequate to support the storage conditions 

and durations of all field trial samples.

5.3 Residue Data

5.3.1. Crop Field Trials (860.1500)

49455901.der (greenhouse-grown tomato)

49455902.der (green onion)

49455903.der (guava)

49455904.der (lima bean)

49455905.der (lychee)

49455906.der (papaya)

49455907.der (pineapple)

49455908.der (snap bean)

As shown in Tables 5.3.1.1 and 5.3.1.2, a greenhouse residue trial was conducted on tomatoes, 

and field trials were conducted on green onion, guava, lima bean, lychee, papaya, pineapple, and 

snap bean. 

As discussed in Section 5.1, two data collection methods were used: Merck Method No. M-073 

(or a modification) for greenhouse-grown tomatoes, green onion, lychee, and papaya, and a 

method adapted from M930-95-2 for lima bean and snap bean. 

Method M-073, entitled “M-073: HPLC-Fluorescence Method for the Quantitation of 

Avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z Avermectin B1 in/on Fruits and Vegetables,” is a reverse-phase high 

performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). The 

method determines residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a as a single analyte and 
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avermectin B1b/8,9-Z avermectin B1b as a single analyte. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 

0.002 ppm per analyte for tomatoes, green onions, guava, lychee, papaya, and pineapple. Based 

on adequate recoveries (generally 70-120%), the method is adequate for data collection.

Merck Method No. 936-95-2 is a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with 

fluorescence detection. The method determines residues of avermectin B1a + 8,9-Z avermectin 

B1a as a single analyte and residues of avermectin B1b + 8,9-Z avermectin B1b as a single analyte. 

The limit of quantitation (LOQ; determined as the lowest level of method validation, LLMV)

was 0.002 ppm for each analyte; the combined LOQ was 0.004 ppm. Based on adequate 

recoveries (generally 70-120%), the method is adequate for data collection.

As discussed in Section 5.2, the available storage stability data are adequate to support the 

storage conditions and intervals of samples from the greenhouse and field trials.

Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes

Four greenhouse bridging trials for abamectin on tomatoes were conducted in the United States 

encompassing North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Regions 3 (1 trial), 

5A (1 trial), 6 (1 trial) and 10 (1 trial) during the 2011-2012 growing seasons.

At each trial location, two plots were treated. In the first plot, abamectin formulated as AgriMek 0.15 EC was applied as 3 foliar directed applications at a rate of 0.0197-0.0214 lb ai/A (22-

24 g ai/ha) with re-treatment intervals (RTIs) of 6 to 8 days for a total rate of 0.0593-0.0626 lb 

ai/A (66-70 g ai/ha). In the second plot, abamectin formulated as Agri-Mek SC was applied as 3 

foliar directed applications at a rate of 0.0199-0.0210 lb ai/A (22-24 g ai/ha) with re-treatment 

intervals (RTIs) of 6 to 8 days for a total rate of 0.0597-0.0625 lb ai/A (67-70 g ai/ha). A nonionic surfactant was added to the spray mixture for all applications. Mature tomatoes were 

collected at pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) of 1 and 3 days. At one of the trial sites, samples were 

collected at different time intervals (PHIs of 0, 1, 3 and 7 days) to assess the residue decline. 

Both large fruit and small fruit tomato varieties were used in this study.

In greenhouse-grown tomato samples collected at a PHI of 1 day following a total application of 

0.0597-0.0625 lbs ai/A (67-70 g ai/ha) with Agri-Mek SC, total combined residues of avermectin 

B1a, avermectin B1b and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a for individual samples (and per-trial averages) 

ranged from 0.00663 ppm to 0.02706 ppm (0.00684 to 0.02476 ppm). A decline study indicates 

that the level of abamectin residues in tomatoes decreases with time. 

In greenhouse-grown tomato samples collected at a PHI of 1 day following a total application of 

0.0593-0.0626 lbs ai/A (66-70 g ai/ha) with Agri-Mek 0.15EC, total combined residues of 

avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a for individual samples (and per-trial 

averages) ranged from 0.00519 ppm to 0.04491 ppm (0.00587 to 0.04120 ppm).

Green Onion

Five field trials were conducted on green onions in the US and Canada during the 2009 growing 

season in Zones 2 (1 in MD), 3 (1 in FL), 5 (1 in ON), 5B (1 in QC) and 10 (1 in CA). Agri-
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Mek® 0.15 EC was applied to green onions as four foliar broadcast applications at rates of 20.7 –

23.2 g ai/ha (0.018 - 0.021 lb ai/A) at each trial site, for total rates of 88.5 – 91.5 g ai/ha/season 

(0.079 – 0.082 lb ai/A/season). A non-ionic surfactant was included in the spray mixture for all 

applications. The re-treatment interval (RTI) was 6-14 days, and mature green onion samples 

were harvested at 6-8 day PHIs at all trial sites. Additional samples were harvested at one trial 

site at PHIs of 0, 3, and 11 days to determine residue decline behavior. There was one treated 

plot and one untreated control plot at each trial site.

In green onions harvested at PHIs of 6-8 days following four broadcast foliar applications of 

Agri-Mek® 0.15 EC with a nonionic surfactant at a total rate of 88.5 – 91.5 g ai/ha/season (0.079 

– 0.082 lb ai/A/season), total combined residues (and per-trial averages) of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b ranged from <0.004 - <0.0048 ppm (<0.004 - <0.0046 ppm).

Residue decline data from one trial site showed that total residues of abamectin decreased with 

increasing PHI.

Guava

The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) has submitted field trial data for abamectin 

on guava. Three field trials were conducted in the United States during the 1999 growing season 

in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Zone 3 (FL). 

Each trial consisted of one untreated plot and one treated plot. At each trial location, the treated 

plot received three foliar directed applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) 

formulation of abamectin (Agrimek 0.15 EC) at 0.024-0.025 lb ai/A/application for a total 

seasonal rate of 0.073-0.074 lb ai/A/season. Applications were made at retreatment intervals 

(RTIs) of 13-14 days using ground equipment in spray volumes of 171-181 gal/A. A 

horticultural oil spray adjuvant was used. Guavas were harvested at a preharvest interval (PHI) 

of 8 days. 

In guava harvested 8 days following the last of three foliar directed applications of a 0.15 lb 

ai/gal EC formulation of abamectin at a total application rate of 0.073-0.074 lb ai/A, residues 

(and per-trial averages) of abamectin (determined as the sum of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin 

B1a, and avermectin B1b) were <0.004-0.0059 ppm (<0.004-<0.0050 ppm). Residue decline was 

not evaluated. 

Lima Bean

The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) has submitted field trial data for abamectin 

on lima bean. Seven field trials were conducted in the United States during the 1999 and 2000

growing seasons in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Zones 2 (GA 

and SC; 3 trials), 5 (OH and WI; 2 trials), 10 (CA; 1 trial), and 11 (ID; 1 trial). 

Each trial consisted of one untreated plot and one treated plot. At each trial location, the treated 

plot received three foliar directed or broadcast applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal emulsifiable 

concentrate (EC) formulation of abamectin (Agrimek 0.15 EC) at 0.0174-0.0198 lb 

ai/A/application for a total seasonal rate of 0.0551-0.0566 lb ai/A, except in the SC trial, where a 
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fourth application was made due to an error for a total rate of 0.0751 lb ai/A. Applications were 

made at retreatment intervals (RTIs) of 5-8 days using ground equipment, in spray volumes of 4-

7 gal/A. No spray adjuvants were used. Lima beans were harvested at a preharvest interval 

(PHI) of 6-8 days. 

In lima bean harvested 6-8 days following the last of three foliar directed or broadcast 

applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal EC formulation of abamectin at a total application rate of 0.0551-

0.0566 lb ai/A (0.0751 lb ai/A for the SC trial), residues of abamectin (determined as the sum of 

avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b/8,9-Z avermectin B1b) were below the 

LOQ (<0.004 ppm) in/on all samples. Residue decline was not evaluated.

Lychee

The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) has submitted field trial data for abamectin 

on lychee. Three field trials were conducted in the United States during the 2001 growing 

season in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Zone 3 (FL). 

Each trial consisted of one untreated plot and one treated plot. At each trial location, the treated 

plot received two foliar directed applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) 

formulation of abamectin (Agrimek 0.15 EC) at 0.024-0.025 lb ai/A/application for a total 

seasonal rate of 0.048-0.050 lb ai/A/season. Applications were made at retreatment intervals 

(RTIs) of 14-15 days using ground equipment in spray volumes of 167-184 gal/A. A nonionic 

surfactant (NIS) was added to the spray mixture for all applications. Lychees were harvested at a 

preharvest interval (PHI) of 8-13 days. 

In lychees harvested 8-13 days following the last of two foliar directed applications of a 0.15 lb 

ai/gal EC formulation of abamectin at a total application rate of 0.048-0.050 lb ai/A, residues 

(and per-trial averages) of abamectin (determined as avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a) were 

<0.002-0.0034 ppm (<0.002-<0.0027 ppm). Residues of avermectin B1b were not monitored in 

this study. Residue decline was not evaluated. 

Papaya

The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) has submitted field trial data for abamectin 

on papaya. Three field trials were conducted in the United States during the 1998 growing 

season in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Zone 3 (FL). 

Each trial consisted of one untreated plot and one treated plot. At each trial location, the treated 

plot received three foliar broadcast applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) 

formulation of abamectin (Agrimek 0.15 EC) at 0.0246-0.0272 lb ai/A/application for a total 

seasonal rate of 0.0738-0.0816 lb ai/A. Applications were made at retreatment intervals (RTIs) 

of 13-15 days using ground equipment in spray volumes of ~151-201 gal/A. A horticultural oil 

spray adjuvant was used. Papayas were harvested at a preharvest interval (PHI) of 3-5 days. 

In papaya harvested 3-5 days following the last of three foliar broadcast applications of a 0.15 lb 

ai/gal EC formulation of abamectin at a total application rate of 0.074-0.082 lb ai/A, residues 
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(and per-trial averages) of abamectin (determined as the sum of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin 

B1a and avermectin B1b/8,9-Z avermectin B1b) were <0.0047-0.164 ppm (<0.0051-0.131 ppm). 

Residue decline was not evaluated.

Pineapple

The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) has submitted field trial data for abamectin 

on pineapple. Eight field trials were conducted in the United States during the 2002 growing 

season in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Zone 13 (HI). 

Each trial consisted of one untreated plot and one or two treated plots. At each trial location, one 

treated plot received two foliar broadcast applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal emulsifiable concentrate 

(EC) formulation of abamectin (Agrimek 0.15 EC) at 0.0232-0.0239 lb ai/A/application, for a 

total seasonal rate of 0.0465-0.0475 lb ai/A/season (Treatment #2; Trt 02). At three trials, a 

second plot received two foliar broadcast applications at 0.115-0.119 lb ai/A per application for a 

total seasonal rate of 0.231-0.238 lb ai/A (Trt 03). Applications were made at retreatment 

intervals (RTIs) of 7 days using ground equipment in spray volumes of 148-153 gal/A. No 

adjuvants were used. Pineapple was harvested at preharvest intervals (PHIs) of 78-112 days. 

In pineapple harvested 78-112 days following the last of two foliar broadcast applications of a 

0.15 lb ai/gal EC formulation of abamectin at a total application rate of 0.0465-0.0475 or 0.231-

0.238 lb ai/A, residues of abamectin (determined as the sum of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin 

B1a and avermectin B1b) were below the LOQ (<0.004 ppm) in/on all samples. Residue decline

was not evaluated.

Snap Bean

The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) has submitted field trial data for abamectin 

on snap bean. Seven field trials were conducted in the United States during the 1999 growing 

season in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Growing Zones 1 (NY; 1 trial), 2 

(GA; 2 trials), 3 (FL; 1 trial), 5 (WI and OH; 2 trials), and 11 (WA; 1 trial). The above trial 

count reflects HED’s determination that two trials conducted at the same locations were replicate 

trials. 

Each trial consisted of one untreated plot and one treated plot. At each trial location, the treated 

plot received three foliar directed or broadcast applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal emulsifiable 

concentrate (EC) formulation of abamectin (Agrimek 0.15 EC), except as follow: two 

applications were made at one GA trial (GA*20) due to early pod maturity, and four and five 

applications were made at the FL and OH trials, respectively, due to late maturation of the crop. 

Applications were made at 0.0171-0.0201 lb ai/A/application, for total seasonal rates of 0.0548-

0.0594 lb ai/A following three applications, and 0.0378, 0.0770, and 0.0944 lb ai/A following 

two, four, and five applications, respectively. Applications were made at retreatment intervals 

(RTIs) of 5-8 days using ground equipment in spray volumes of 4-5 gal/A. No spray adjuvants 

were used. Snap beans were harvested at a preharvest interval (PHI) of 5-7 days. 

In snap beans harvested 5-7 days following the last of two to five foliar directed or broadcast 
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applications of a 0.15 lb ai/gal EC formulation of abamectin at total application rates of 0.0378-

0.0944 lb ai/A, residues of abamectin (determined as the sum of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b/8,9-Z avermectin B1b) were below the LOQ (<0.004 ppm)

in/on all samples. Residue decline was not evaluated.

Table 5.3.1.1. Summary of Residues from Field Trials with Abamectin.

Crop Matrix

Total Application

Rate 

(lbs ai/A) 

PHI 

(days) n1

Abamectin Residues2 (ppm)

Min.3 Max.3 LAFT4 HAFT4 Median4 Mean4 SD4

GREENHOUSE-GROWN TOMATO Proposed Use = 0.056 lb ai/acre total application rate, 1-day PHI

Agri-Mek SC

Tomato fruit 0.0597-0.0625 1 4 0.00663 0.02706 0.00684 0.02476 0.01540 0.01560 0.007

3 4 0.00562 0.01971 0.00621 0.01699 0.01306 0.01233 0.004

Agri-Mek 0.15EC

Tomato fruit 0.0593-0.0626 1 4 0.00519 0.04491 0.00587 0.04120 0.01285 0.01819 0.014

3 4 0.00566 0.03372 0.00573 0.03248 0.01088 0.01499 0.010

GREEN ONION Proposed Use = 0.076 lb ai/acre total application rate, 7-day PHI

Green onion 0.079 – 0.082 6-8 5 <0.004 <0.0048 <0.004 <0.0046 <0.004 <0.004 0.00025

GUAVA Proposed Use = 0.070 lb ai/acre total application rate, 7-day PHI

Guava 0.073-0.074 8 3 <0.004 <0.0059 <0.004 <0.0050 0.0040 0.0043 0.0005

LIMA BEAN Proposed Use = 0.056 lb ai/acre total application rate, 7-day PHI

Lima bean 0.0551-0.05666 6-8 7 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 0.004 0.004 N/A5

LYCHEE Proposed Use = 0.046 lb ai/acre total application rate, 14-day PHI

Lychee 0.048-0.050 8-13 3 <0.002 0.0034 <0.002 <0.0027 0.0024 0.0024 0.0004

PAPAYA Proposed Use = 0.070 lb ai/acre total application rate, 3-day PHI

Papaya 0.074-0.082 3-5 3 <0.0047 0.164 <0.005

1

0.131 0.123 0.0863 0.0705

PINEAPPLE Proposed Use = 0.047 lb ai/acre total application rate, 16-week PHI

Pineapple 0.0465-0.0475 78-112 8 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 0.004 0.004 N/A5

0.231-0.238 98-108 3 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 0.004 0.004 N/A5

SNAP BEAN Proposed Use = 0.056 lb ai/acre total application rate, 7-day PHI

Snap bean 0.0378-0.09447 5-7 7 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 0.004 0.004 N/A5

1 n = number of trials.

2 Combined residues of abamectin:

Greenhouse-grown tomato, green onion, guava, and pineapple: Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and 

avermectin B1b 

Papaya, lima bean and snap bean: Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a, and avermectin B1b/8,9-Z 

avermectin B1b.

Lychee: Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a. The B1b residue component was not monitored in this study. 3 Values based on total number of samples.

4 Values based on per-trial averages. LAFT = lowest average field trial, HAFT = highest average field trial, SD = standard 

deviation. For computation of the LAFT, HAFT, median, mean, and standard deviation, values < LOQ are assumed to be at the 

LOQ (0.002 ppm for greenhouse-grown tomatoes and lychee; 0.004 ppm for green onion, guava, lima bean, papaya, pineapple, 

and snap bean).

5 N/A = not applicable. 6 The lima bean trials included one SC trial at 0.0751 lb ai/A.

7 The snap bean trials targeted three applications, but the data reflect two to five applications; the number of applications 

depended on the rate of crop maturation.

Conclusions. Adequate field trial data have been submitted for greenhouse-grown tomato, green 

onion, lima bean, lychee, papaya, pineapple and snap bean. The studies adequately reflect the 

proposed use patterns. The number of trials and the geographic representation are adequate. 
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An acceptable method was used for residue quantitation, and adequate storage stability data are 

available to support sample storage durations and conditions for all analytes. 

5.3.2 New Uses and Crop Group Updates

Except for new data on greenhouse-grown tomatoes considered in the crop group tolerance 

(discussed in Section 5.3.1 above), no additional data have been submitted for the following 

proposed new uses and crop group conversions.

Berry, low growing, subgroup 13-07G

A tolerance is established for strawberry. The petitioner is proposing a new use on the “Berry, 

low growing, subgroup 13-07G.” Strawberry is the only representative crop of the subgroup 13-

07G. Adequate field trial data are available reflecting use of EC and SC formulations on 

strawberry (D401832, N. Dodd, 12/19/12). The data on strawberry are adequate to establish a 

tolerance on the Berry, low growing, subgroup 13-07G.

Fruit, citrus, group 10-10

A tolerance is established for “Citrus.” The petitioner is proposing a crop group conversion to 

the “Fruit, citrus, group 10-10.” The representative crops for the Fruit, citrus, group 10-10 are 

orange or tangerine/mandarin, lemon or lime, and grapefruit. Adequate field trial data are 

available reflecting use of EC and SC formulations on orange, lemon, and grapefruit (D364734, 

N. Dodd, 1/21/10). The data on orange, lemon, and grapefruit are adequate to establish a 

tolerance on the Fruit, citrus, group 10-10.

Fruit, pome, group 11-10

Tolerances are established for apple and pear. The petitioner is proposing a new use on the 

“Fruit, pome, group 11-10.” The representative crops for group 11-10 are apple and pear. 

Adequate field trial data are available reflecting use of EC and SC formulations on apple and 

pear (D364734, N. Dodd, 1/21/10). The data on apple and pear are adequate to establish a 

tolerance on the Fruit, pome, group 11-10.

Fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F

A tolerance is established for “grape.” The petitioner is proposing a new use on the “Fruit, small 

vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F.” The representative crop for subgroup 

13-07F is grape. Adequate field trial data are available reflecting use of EC and SC formulations 

on grapes (D364734, N. Dodd, 1/21/10). The data on grapes are adequate to establish a tolerance 

on the Fruit, pome, group 11-10.

Fruit, stone, group 12-12

A tolerance is established for the “Fruit, stone, group 12.” The petitioner is proposing a crop 

conversion to the “Fruit, stone, group 12-12.” The representative crops for group 12-12 are 
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sweet cherry or tart cherry, peach, and plum or prune plum. Adequate field trial data are 

available reflecting use of the EC formulation on sweet and tart cherries, peaches, plums/prune 

plums (D254546, N. Dodd, 4/26/00; D316756, N. Dodd, 8/21/08). EC data on stone fruit have

been used to register SC formulations; refer to D379892 (N. Dodd, 9/28/10), which recommends 

translation of EC data to SC for plums/prunes and various other crops. The data on sweet and 

tart cherries, peaches, plums/prune plums are adequate to establish a tolerance on the Fruit, 

stone, group 12-12.

Nut, tree, group 14-12

Tolerances are established on the “Nut, tree, group 14” and “pistachio.” The petitioner is 

proposing a crop group conversion to the “Nut, tree, group 14-12.” The representative crops for 

group 14-12 are almond and pecan. Adequate field trial data are available reflecting use of the 

EC formulation on almond (D163057, G. J. Herndon, 11/26/91; D214699, G.J. Herndon, 

10/30/95) and pecan (D316756, N. Dodd, 8/21/08). EC data on tree nuts have been used to 

register SC formulations; refer to D379892 (N. Dodd, 9/28/10), which recommends translation 

of EC data to SC for almonds and various other crops. The data on almond and pecan are 

adequate to establish a tolerance on the Nut, tree, group 14-12.

Vegetable, fruiting, group 8-10

A tolerance is established for “Vegetable, fruiting, group 8”. The petitioner is proposing a crop 

group conversion to the “Vegetable, fruiting, group 8-10.” The representative crops for group 8-

10 are tomato, standard size, and one cultivar of small tomato; bell pepper and one cultivar of 

small nonbell pepper. Adequate field trial data are available reflecting use of EC and SC 

formulations on tomato, bell pepper, and chili pepper (D364734, N. Dodd, 1/21/10). The residue 

data include both regular size and small tomatoes (D194897, M. Peters, 5/17/94; D364734, N. 

Dodd, 1/21/10). The field trial data on tomato, bell pepper, and chili pepper are adequate to 

establish a tolerance on the Vegetable, fruiting, group 8. The tolerance will set high enough to 

cover residue data on greenhouse-grown tomatoes, discussed in Section 5.3.1 above.

Conclusion: Adequate data have previously been submitted to support the new uses/crop group 

conversions for the Berry, low growing, subgroup 13-07G; the Fruit, citrus, group 10-10; the 

Fruit, pome, group 11-10; Fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F;

Fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F; Fruit, stone, group 12-12;

Nut, tree, group 14-12; and the Vegetable, fruiting, group 8-10. Except for new data on 

greenhouse-grown tomatoes considered in the crop group tolerance (discussed in Section 5.3.1 

above), no additional data were submitted and none are required.

5.3.3 Field Rotational Crops (860.1900)

DP Barcode D380523, N. Dodd, 7/18/11

DP Barcode D230333, G. Jeffrey Herndon, 1/10/97

No field rotational crop studies were submitted with this registration request. Review of the 

results of the confined rotational crop study indicated that field rotational crop studies are not 

required (PP#7F3500, PP#8F3592, and PP#5E4566, DP#s 230333, 230352, and 230880, G. 

Herndon, 1/10/97).
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5.3.4 Processed Food and Feed (860.1520)

Green Onion, Guava, Lima Bean, Lychee, Papaya, and Snap Bean

There are no processed commodities for green onion, guava, lima bean, lychee, papaya, and snap 

bean. 

Pineapple

The processed commodities for pineapple are process residue (also known as wet bran) and 

juice. No processing study has been submitted for pineapple. However, the crop field trials were 

conducted at exaggerated application rates (in addition to the proposed label rate) and residues of 

abamectin were not detected. Therefore, processing studies for pineapple are not needed, and 

tolerances for pineapple processed commodities are not required.

Tomato

The processed commodities for tomato are paste and puree. A processing study was previously 

reviewed (MRID 47702806; D364734, N. Dodd, 1/21/10). In two field trials conducted in Zone 

10 during 2008, abamectin (0.7 lb ai/gal SC) was applied to two separate plots of tomatoes in 

each trial as three broadcast foliar applications at total rates of 0.057-0.058 lb ai/A (1x rate) or 

0.28-0.29 lb ai/A (5x rate). All samples were harvested at a 7-day PHI. Tomato samples from 

each field trial were processed within 6 days of harvest into puree and paste using simulated 

commercial procedures. All samples were stored frozen (at -20°C) for up to 6 months prior to 

analysis, an interval which is supported by the available storage stability data.

Samples of whole tomatoes and each processed fraction were analyzed for total abamectin 

residues (avermectin B1a, 8,9-Z avermectin B1a, and avermectin B1b) using the LC/MS/MS 

method (Morse Labs Method No. Meth-192, rev. 2). The validated LOQ is 0.002 ppm for each 

analyte. Although the LC/MS/MS method determines avermectin B1a and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a

separately, residues for these two analytes were reported as the combined B1a residues (B1a + 8,9-

Z B1a).

Processing factors for the two 1x rate field trials could not be calculated because residues in 

tomatoes, paste, and puree were all <0.004 ppm. 

In the two 5x rate field trials, the average processing factors were 0.52x for tomato puree and 

0.94x for tomato paste. 

The maximum theoretical concentration factors are 5.5x for tomato paste and 1.4x for tomato 

puree (Table 2, OCSPP 860.1520).

Conclusions. There are no processed commodities for green onion, guava, lima bean, lychee, 

papaya, and snap bean. 

The processed commodities for pineapple are process residue (also known as wet bran) and 

juice. No processing study has been submitted for pineapple. Crop field trials were conducted at 
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exaggerated application rates (in addition to the proposed label rate) and residues of abamectin 

were not detected. Therefore, processing studies for pineapple is not needed, and tolerances for 

pineapple processed commodities are not required.

The available tomato processing study is adequate. An acceptable method was used for 

quantitation of abamectin residues of concern and the sample storage conditions and durations 

are supported by adequate storage stability data. Based on the results from the 5x rate field 

trials, the average processing factors for total abamectin residues were 0.52x in puree and 0.94x 

in paste. These data indicate that abamectin residues do not concentrate in tomato processed 

fractions; therefore, separate tolerances are not required for tomato paste or puree.

5.3.5 Meat, Milk, Poultry and Eggs (860.1480)

The established livestock tolerances were reassessed in D416280 (N. Dodd, 5/15/14); the 

discussion/calculations from D416280 are repeated below. The only new livestock feed item 

associated with this petition (D414022) is pineapple process residue (Table 1 Feedstuffs, June 

2008). Pineapple process residues can be used in the beef and dairy cattle diets at 10% of the 

diet; this feedstuff is not used in poultry or swine diets. Because no processing study was 

conducted on pineapple to determine residues in pineapple process residue, the reviewer used the 

pineapple fruit residue level (median/mean levels of 0.004 ppm and 25% dry matter) to 

determine that adding pineapple process residue to the previously calculated beef and dairy cattle 

diets (D414022, N. Dodd, 3/17/16) will not increase the dietary burden calculations. The 

calculated residues in livestock commodities include residues from uses on proposed/registered 

crops, from use in food handling establishments, and from beef and dairy cattle ear tags.

5.3.6. Food Handling (860.1460)

There are no proposed uses that are relevant to this guideline topic.

5.3.7. Water, Fish, and Irrigated Crops (860.1400)

There are no proposed uses that are relevant to this guideline topic.

5.4. Food Residue Profile

The residue chemistry database is adequate for tolerance assessment and for registration. 

Crop field trials: The crop field trials adequately reflect the proposed use patterns. The number 

of trials and the geographic representation are adequate. Acceptable methods were used for 

residue quantitation, and adequate storage stability data are available to support sample storage 

durations and conditions for all analytes. Residues were small but quantifiable in greenhousegrown tomato and papaya; residues ranged from not quantifiable to small but quantifiable in 

green onion, guava, and lychee. Residues were all <0.004 ppm in lima bean, snap bean, and 

pineapple. Residue decline studies on tomatoes and green onions indicated that residues 

decreased over time.
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Processing studies: There are no processed commodities for green onion, guava, lima bean, 

lychee, papaya, and snap bean. 

The processed commodities for pineapple are process residue (also known as wet bran) and 

juice. No processing study has been submitted for pineapple. Crop field trials were conducted at 

exaggerated application rates (in addition to the proposed label rate) and residues of abamectin 

were not detected. Therefore, processing studies for pineapple are not needed, and tolerances for 

pineapple processed commodities are not required.

The processed commodities for tomato are paste and puree. Based on the results from the 5x rate 

field trials, the average processing factors for abamectin residues were 0.52x in puree and 0.94x 

in paste. These data indicate that abamectin residues do not concentrate in tomato processed 

fractions; therefore, separate tolerances are not required for tomato paste or puree.

Storage Stability: Acceptable storage stability data are available demonstrating that residues of 

avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are stable under frozen storage for at 

least 24 months in five different crop types: high water (celery, pear, and tomato), high acid 

(orange, lemon, grapefruit, and strawberry), high protein (bean), high fat (sunflower seed), and 

high starch (potato) (DP# 191433, G. J. Herndon, 5/19/94; D414022, N. Dodd, 5/15/14). 

Concurrent storage stability data were provided for greenhouse-grown tomato and for guava, 

which demonstrate that residues of avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1a are 

stable under frozen storage conditions in/on tomato fruit for 716 days and in/on guava for 1013 

days (33.3 months).

The available and submitted storage stability data are adequate to support the storage conditions 

and durations of all field trial and processing samples.

Meat, Milk, Poultry, and Eggs: The established livestock tolerances were reassessed in 

D416280 (N. Dodd, 5/15/14). The only new livestock feed item associated with this petition 

(D414022) is pineapple process residue, which is only fed to beef and dairy cattle (Table 1 

Feedstuffs, June 2008). Adding pineapple process residue to the previously calculated beef and 

dairy cattle diets (D416280, N. Dodd, 5/15/14) will not increase the dietary burden calculations. 

The calculated residues in livestock commodities include residues from uses on 

proposed/registered crops, from use in food handling establishments, and from beef and dairy 

cattle ear tags. As determined in D416280 (N. Dodd, 515/14), higher tolerances are needed for 

some livestock commodities; these changes have not yet been made.

No poultry feeding studies have been submitted or required. Based on dietary burden 

calculations using Table 1 Feedstuffs (June 2008), no secondary residues are expected to occur 

in poultry commodities; therefore, no poultry feeding studies are required.

Rotational Crops: A confined rotational crop study indicated that avermectin residues of 

significant toxicological concern are not expected to occur in rotational crops. 
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6.0 Tolerance Derivation

A tolerance on the Vegetable, fruiting, group 8-10 is to be established based on the existing 

data/established tolerance for the Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 plus new data on greenhousegrown tomatoes. The crop group tolerance is to be increased based on the greenhouse-grown

tomato residue data included in this petition.

A tolerance on Fruit, citrus, group 10-10 is to be established based on the existing 

data/established tolerance on citrus. No new data were provided.

A tolerance on Fruit, small vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F is to be 

established based on the existing data/established tolerance on the representative crop, grape.

No new data were provided.

A tolerance on Berry, low growing, subgroup 13-07G is to be established based on the existing 

data/established tolerance on the representative crop, strawberry. No new data were provided.

A tolerance on the Fruit, pome, group 11-10 is to be established based on existing 

data/established tolerances on the representative crops, pear and apple. No new data were 

provided.

A tolerance on the Fruit, stone, group 12-12 is to be established based on the existing 

data/established tolerance on the Fruit, stone, group 12. No new data were provided.

A tolerance on the Nut, tree, group 14-12 is to be established based on the existing 

data/established tolerances for the Nut, tree, group 14 and pistachio. No new data were provided.

A tolerance on Bean is to be established based on the existing data/established tolerance for Bean, 

dry seed and new data on edible podded bean (i.e., snap bean) and succulent shelled bean (lima

bean) submitted in this petition.

Tolerances on various tropical fruits are to be established based on residue day on papaya, 

guava, and lychee. Papaya, guava, and lychee serve as representative crops for other proposed 

tropical fruits as indicated in EPA’s “Reviewer’s Guide and Summary of HED ChemSAC 

Approvals for Amending Crop Groups/Subgroups [40 CFR 180.41] and Commodity Definitions 

[40 CFR 180.1(h)]” (Bernard Schneider, June 14, 2006). According to that document, papaya is

the representative crop for papaya, black sapote, canistel, mamey sapote, mango, sapodilla, and 

star apple. Guava is the representative crop for guava, feijoa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, starfruit,

passionfruit, and acerola. Lychee is the representative crop for lychee, longan, Spanish lime,

rambutan, and pulasan. Although mango can be covered by the papaya data, IR-4 is not

requesting a mango tolerance and registration in this petition. 
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The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) tolerance calculation 

procedures were not used for lima bean, snap bean, and pineapple since all residues for those 

crops were <0.004 ppm.

As shown in Appendix C, the OECD tolerance calculation procedures were used for calculating 

the recommended tolerances for greenhouse-grown tomatoes (used to establish the tolerance for 

the Vegetable, fruiting, crop group 8-10), green onions, guava, lychee, and papaya. The 

statistical goal of the tolerance calculation procedures is to produce an MRL proposal in the 

region of the 95th percentile of the underlying residues distribution. 

Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes (MRID 49455901)

The dataset used to establish tolerances for abamectin consisted of residue data on greenhousegrown tomatoes representing an application rate of 0.06 lb ai/A/season with a 1-day PHI (except 

for one higher value at a 3-day PHI). The field trial application rates are approximately 1x the 

maximum proposed seasonal application rate. Except for the one 3-day PHI, the PHIs are within 

25% of the minimum label PHI. The average residue values used to calculate the tolerances are 

provided below. Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b

were quantifiable in all eight trials. Using the OECD tolerance calculation procedures, the 

recommended tolerance is 0.07 ppm for the combined residues of avermectin B1a, 8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a, and avermectin B1b in greenhouse-grown tomatoes; this tolerance level will be

used for the Vegetable, fruiting, crop group 8-10.

Green Onions (MRID 49455902)

The dataset used to establish tolerances for abamectin consisted of field trial data on green 

onions representing an application rate of 0.079 – 0.082 lb ai/A/season with PHIs of 6-8 days. 

The field trial application rates are approximately 1x the maximum proposed seasonal 

application rate. The PHIs are within 25% of the minimum label PHI. The average residue 

values used to calculate the tolerances are provided below. Combined residues of avermectin 

B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b were quantifiable in one of five trials. Using the 

OECD tolerance calculation procedures, the recommended tolerance is 0.01 ppm for the 

combined residues of avermectin B1a, 8,9-Z avermectin B1a, and avermectin B1b in green onions.

Guava (MRID 49455903

The dataset used to establish tolerances for abamectin consisted of field trial data on guava 

representing an application rate of 0.073-0.074 lb ai/A/season with an 8-day PHI.

The field trial application rates are approximately 1x the maximum proposed seasonal 

application rate. The PHI is within 25% of the minimum label PHI. The average residue values 

used to calculate the tolerances are provided below. Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a and avermectin B1b were quantifiable in one of three trials. Using the OECD 

tolerance calculation procedures, the recommended tolerance is 0.01 ppm for the combined 

residues of avermectin B1a, 8,9-Z avermectin B1a, and avermectin B1b in guava.

Lychee (MRID 49455905)
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The dataset used to establish tolerances for abamectin consisted of field trial data on lychee 

representing an application rate of 0.048–0.050 lb ai/A/season with PHIs of 8-13 days.

The field trial application rates are approximately 1x the maximum proposed seasonal 

application rate. Since the data set is small (n=3), the data are being used although the PHIs are

not within 25% of the minimum label PHI of 14 days. The average residue values used to 

calculate the tolerances are provided below. Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z 

avermectin B1a were quantifiable in two of three trials. Using the OECD tolerance calculation 

procedures, the recommended tolerance is 0.01 ppm for the combined residues of avermectin 

B1a, 8,9-Z avermectin B1a, and avermectin B1b in lychee.

Papaya (MRID 49455906)

The dataset used to establish tolerances for abamectin consisted of field trial data on papaya 

representing an application rate of 0.074-0.082 lb ai/A with PHIs of 3-5 days. The field trial 

application rates are approximately 1x the maximum proposed seasonal application rate. Since 

the data set is small (n=3), the data are being used although the PHIs are not within 25% of the 

minimum label PHI of 3 days. The average residue values used to calculate the tolerances are 

provided below. Combined residues of avermectin B1a/8,9-Z avermectin B1a and avermectin 

B1b/8,9-Z avermectin B1b were quantifiable in all three trials. Using the OECD tolerance 

calculation procedures, the recommended tolerance is 0.4 ppm for the combined residues of 

avermectin B1a, 8,9-Z avermectin B1a, avermectin B1b, and 8,9-Z avermectin B1b in papaya.
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Appendix A. Field Trial Geographic Distribution

Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes (MRID 49455901)

Table A.1. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes*.

Crop Region Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tomatoes - - 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 - - - - 4

* PMRA’s DIR2010-05 specifies zone requirements for national registration in/on greenhouse-grown tomatoes (i.e. 2 trials in 

each of zones 5 and 12). However, as the trials required to support the proposed use expansion are to be conducted in 4 separate 

greenhouses according to current Canadian greenhouse cultivation practices, the zones in which these will be conducted are not 

relevant for this use. EPA has no geographic specifications for greenhouse-grown tomatoes.

Green Onion (MRID 49455902)

Table B.7.6.1.2-2. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations.1

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 5B 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Green onion Sub. 1 1 1 1 1 5

Req. 3 1 OCSPP 860.1500, Table 4.

Guava (MRID 49455903)

Table A.3. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Guava.

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Guava Sub. 3 3

Req.1 2

1 As per Table 1 of OCSPP 860.1500 for guava; a minimum of two field trials with a minimum of eight samples is required. 

Geographic distribution is not specified for crops requiring ≤3 trials.

Lima Bean (MRID 49455904)

Table A.4. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Lima Bean.

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Bean, lima, 

green

Sub. 3 2 1 1 7

Req.1 4/3 1/1 2/1 1/1 8/6

1 As per Table 5 of OCSPP 860.1500 for lima beans; the second number reflects a 25% reduction in the number of field trials 

allowed for the crop as a representative commodity in support of a crop group/subgroup tolerance or when application results in 

no quantifiable residues.
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Lychee (MRID 49455905)

Table A.5. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Lychee.

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Lychee Sub. 3 3

Req.1 1 1 As per Table 1 of OCSPP 860.1500 for lychee, one crop field trial with a minimum of four samples is required. Geographic 

distribution is not specified for crops requiring ≤3 trials. Lychee is not included in Table 6 of OCSPP 860.1500, which reports 

regional distribution of crop production.

Papaya (MRID 49455906)

Table A.6. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Papaya.

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Papaya Sub. 3 3

Req.1 3 or 2

1 As per Table 1 of OCSPP 860.1500 for papaya, three trials with a minimum of 6 samples or two trials with a minimum of 8 

samples are required. Geographic distribution is not specified for crops requiring ≤3 trials. Per Table 6 of OCSPP 860.1500, 

Zone 13 accounts for 96% of U.S. papaya production.

Pineapple (MRID 49455907)

Table A.7. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Pineapple.

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Pineapple Sub. 8 8

Req.1 8/6 8/6 1 As per Table 5 of OCSPP 860.1500 for pineapple; the second number reflects a 25% reduction in the number of field trials 

allowed for the crop as a representative commodity in support of a crop group/subgroup tolerance or when application results in 

no quantifiable residues.

Snap Bean (MRID 49455908)

Table A.8. Trial Numbers and Geographical Locations for Snap Bean.

Crop No. 

Trials

NAFTA Growing Zone Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Snap bean Sub. 1 2 1 2 1 7

Req.1 1/1 1/1 1/1 3/2 1/0 1/1 8/6

1 As per Table 5 of OCSPP 860.1500 for snap beans; the second number reflects a 25% reduction in the number of field trials 

allowed for the crop as a representative commodity in support of a crop group/subgroup tolerance or when application results in 

no quantifiable residues.
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Appendix B. International Residue Limits Tables

Abamectin (122804; 10/23/2015)

Summary of US and International Tolerances and Maximum Residue Limits 

Residue Definition:

US Canada Mexico2 Codex

40 CFR §180.449

Compliance with the tolerance levels 

specified is to be determined by measuring 

only avermectin B1 [a mixture of 

avermectins containing greater than or equal 

to 80% avermectin B1a (5-O-demethyl 

avermectin A1 ) and less than or equal to 

20% avermectin B1b (5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-

methylpropyl)-25-(1-methylethyl)

avermectin A1 )] and its delta-8,9-isomer.

avermectin B1 (a mixture of 

avermectins containing greater 

than or equal to 80%

avermectin B1a (5-O-demethyl 

avermectin A1a) and less than 

or equal to 20% avermectin 

B1b (5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-

methylpropyl)-25-(1-

methylethyl) avermectin A1a) 

and its delta-8,9-isomer)

Plant commodities: 

sum of avermectin 

B1a, avermectin B1b, 

8,9-Z-avermectin B1a 

and 8,9-Z-avermectin 

B1b. 

Animal commodities: 

sum of avermectin 

B1a and 8,9-Zavermectin B1a.

Commodity1 Tolerance (ppm) /Maximum Residue Limit (mg/kg)

US Canada Mexico2 Codex

Vegetable, fruiting, group 8-10 0.07

0.01 peppers, tomatoes

0.2 peppers chili, 

dried

0.02 Peppers, sweet 

(including pimento or 

pimiento), tomato

Fruit, citrus, group 10-10 0.02 0.02 0.01 (*)

Fruit, small, vine climbing, except

fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F

0.02 0.02 grapes

Berry, low growing, subgroup 13-07G 0.05 0.02 strawberries 0.02 strawberry

Fruit, stone, group 12-12 0.09

Fruit, pome, group 11-10 0.02 0.02 apples, pears 0.02 apple, pear

Nut, tree, group 14-12 0.01 0.005 almond nuts, black 

walnuts, English walnuts

0.01 (*) almonds, 

walnuts

Papaya 0.40

Star apple 0.40

Black sapote 0.40

Sapodilla 0.40

Canistel 0.40

Mamey sapote 0.40

Guava 0.015

Feijoa 0.015

Jaboticaba 0.015

Wax jambu 0.015

Starfruit 0.015

Passionfruit 0.015

Acerola 0.015

Lychee 0.01

Longan 0.01

Spanish lime 0.01

Rambutan 0.01

Pulasan 0.01

Pineapple 0.015

Bean 0.015

Onion, green, subgroup 3-07B 0.08

Completed: M. Negussie; 10/30/2015
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1 Includes only commodities of interest for this action. Tolerance values should be the HED recommendations and 

not those proposed by the applicant.

2 Mexico adopts US tolerances and/or Codex MRLs for its export purposes.
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Appendix C. OECD MRL Calculation Procedure Inputs/Outputs

Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes

Abamectin

MRID 49455901

0.06 lb ai/A/season; 1-day PHI

Residues (mg/kg) n

0.00587 1

0.00684 1

0.01022* 1

0.01216 1

0.01549 1

0.01864 1

0.02476 1

0.0412 1

*3-day value was used; 1-day PHI value was 0.01021 ppm.

Abamectin

Greenhouse-grown Tomatoes

USA

0.06 lb ai/A/season; 1-day PHI

Total number of data (n) 8

Percentage of censored data 0%

Number of non-censored data 8

Lowest residue 0.006

Highest residue 0.041

Median residue 0.014

Mean 0.017

Standard deviation (SD) 0.012

Correction factor for censoring (CF) 1.000

Proposed MRL estimate

- Highest residue 0.041

- Mean + 4 SD 0.063

- CF x 3 Mean 0.051

Unrounded MRL 0.063

Rounded MRL 0.07
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Green Onion

Abamectin

MRID 49455902

0.079 – 0.082 lb ai/A/season; 6-8 day PHI

Residues (mg/kg) n

< 0.004 4

0.00456 1

Abamectin

Green Onion

USA and Canada

0.079 – 0.082 lb ai/A/season; 6-8 day PHI

Total number of data (n) 5

Percentage of censored data 80%

Number of non-censored data 1

Lowest residue 0.004

Highest residue 0.005

Median residue 0.004

Mean 0.004

Standard deviation (SD) 0.000

Correction factor for censoring (CF) 0.467

Proposed MRL estimate

- Highest residue 0.005

- Mean + 4 SD 0.005

- CF x 3 Mean 0.006

Unrounded MRL 0.006

Rounded MRL 0.01

High uncertainty of MRL estimate.

[Small dataset and high level of censoring]
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Guava

Abamectin

MRID 49455903

0.073-0.074 lb ai/A; 8-day PHI

Residues (mg/kg) n

< 0.004 2

0.005 1

Abamectin

Guava

USA

0.073-0.074 lb ai/A; 8-day PHI

Total number of data (n) 3

Percentage of censored data 67%

Number of non-censored data 1

Lowest residue 0.004

Highest residue 0.005

Median residue 0.004

Mean 0.004

Standard deviation (SD) 0.001

Correction factor for censoring (CF) 0.556

Proposed MRL estimate

- Highest residue 0.005

- Mean + 4 SD 0.007

- CF x 3 Mean 0.007

Unrounded MRL 0.007

Rounded MRL 0.01

High uncertainty of MRL estimate.

[Small dataset and high level of censoring]
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Lychee

Abamectin

MRID 49455905

0.048–0.050 lb ai/A; 8-13 day PHI

Residues (mg/kg) n

< 0.002 1

0.0024 1

0.0027 1

Abamectin

Lychee

USA

0.048–0.050 lb ai/A; 8-13 day PHI

Total number of data (n) 3

Percentage of censored data 33%

Number of non-censored data 2

Lowest residue 0.002

Highest residue 0.003

Median residue 0.002

Mean 0.002

Standard deviation (SD) 0.000

Correction factor for censoring (CF) 0.778

Proposed MRL estimate

- Highest residue 0.003

- Mean + 4 SD 0.004

- CF x 3 Mean 0.006

Unrounded MRL 0.006

Rounded MRL 0.01

High uncertainty of MRL estimate.

[Small dataset]
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Papaya

Abamectin

MRID 49455906

0.074-0.082 lb ai/A; 3-5 day PHI

Residues (mg/kg) n

0.0051 1

0.123 1

0.131 1

Abamectin

Papaya

USA

0.074-0.082 lb ai/A; 3-5 day PHI

Total number of data (n) 3

Percentage of censored data 0%

Number of non-censored data 3

Lowest residue 0.005

Highest residue 0.131

Median residue 0.123

Mean 0.086

Standard deviation (SD) 0.070

Correction factor for censoring (CF) 1.000

Proposed MRL estimate

- Highest residue 0.131

- Mean + 4 SD 0.368

- CF x 3 Mean 0.259

Unrounded MRL 0.368

Rounded MRL 0.4

High uncertainty of MRL estimate.

[Small dataset]