## United States Office of Solid Waste EPA 550­B­00­001 

## Environmental Protection and March 2009 

## Agency Emergency Response www.epa.gov/emergencies



# R I S K M A N A G E M E N T
P R O G R A M G U I D A N C E
F O R
P R O P A N E S T O R A G E
F A C I L I T I E S ( 4 0 C F R P A R T 6 8 )

Office of Emergency Management

## This document provides guidance to owners and operators of stationary sources to determine if their processes are subject to regulation under section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act and 40 CFR part 68 and to comply with regulations. This document does not substitute for EPA’s regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it cannot impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon circumstances. This guidance does not represent final agency action, and EPA may change it in the future, as appropriate.

# TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

Am I Covered? 1 What Do I Have To Do? 2

PROGRAM 1 5

Eligibility 5 What Must I Do For A Program 1 Process? 6

PROGRAM 3 9

What Must I Do For A Program 3 Process? 9 What Are The Release Scenarios? 9 What Do I Have To Do For The Prevention Program? 10 What Do I Have To Do For The Emergency Response Program? 15 What Do I Have To Do For My RMP? 15

SAMPLE RMP FOR PROGRAM 1 STORAGE FACILITY 17

SAMPLE RMP FOR PROGRAM 3 STORAGE FACILITY 23

APPENDIX A : HOW DO I DETERMINE IF MY SEPARATE (NON

INTERCONNECTED) PROPANE TANKS ARE CO-LOCATED

APPENDIX B : RELEASE CALCULATIONS

APPENDIX C : CHECKLISTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS

Process Safety Information Propane Storage Facility Checklist Operating Procedure Requirements Maintenance Training Maintenance Inspection Checklist and Tests for Propane Storage Facilities

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 : Typical Water Capacity of Propane Tanks, Transports, and Railroad Tank Cars Table 2 : Distance to a 1 PSI Overpressure Table 3 : Distances to 1 PSI for Pipe Releases Table 4 : Ways to Comply with Some Prevention Elements

## TABLE OF POTENTIALLY REGULATED ENTITIES

This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated under 40 CFR part 68. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware could potentially be regulated by this rule and covered by this document. Other types of entities not listed in this table could also be affected. To determine whether your facility is covered by the risk management program rules in part 68, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria discussed in Chapter 1 of this guidance and in 40 CFR 68.10. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this rule to a particular entity, call the EPCRA/CAA Hotline at (800) 424-9346 (TDD: (800) 553-7672).

Category NAICS Codes SIC Codes Examples of Potentially Regulated Entities

Propane manufacturers and
processors 32411 32511 2911 2865 2869 Petroleum refineries Petrochemical Manufacturers

Propane wholesalers 42271 42272 5171 5172 Bulk stations and terminals Other petroleum product wholesalers

# INTRODUCTION

This guidance is intended for propane storage facilities, such as wholesale distribution facilities and bulk storage terminals. This document is a revision of EPA’s October 1998 guidance for propane storage facilities. The document has been revised to reflect changes resulting from the 1999 Chemical Safety Information, Site Security and Fuels Regulatory Relief Act.

If you have more than 10,000 pounds of propane stored in a single vessel or in a group of vessels (tanks, cylinders) that are connected or stored close together, you may need to comply with the Chemical Accident Prevention rule issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Air Act. The rule is codified as part 68 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The goal of this rule is to prevent accidental releases that could affect the public or the environment. If you are subject to part 68 for propane storage, you must be in compliance no later than January 5, 2000, or the date on which you first have more than a threshold quantity of a regulated substance in a process, whichever is later.

If you have more than 10,000 pounds of propane, you are subject to part 68 unless one of the following applies to you:

J The propane is stored for use as a fuel at your facility. J The propane is held for sale, and the facility is a retail facility. A retail facility is one at which more than half of the income is obtained from direct sales to end users or at which more than half the fuel sold, by volume, is sold through a cylinder exchange program.

If you have more than 10,000 pounds of propane and you manufacture propane, use it as a feedstock, or store it in bulk for sale, other than to end users, or if your retail sales do not make up more than half of your income, you are subject to part 68. If you manufacture or use propane as a feedstock or store it for wholesale distribution and use it as a fuel, the propane used for fuel is not covered by part 68; the propane manufactured, processed, or stored for wholesale distribution is subject to part 68 provided the quantity is greater than 10,000 pounds. If you use propane to fuel a covered process containing other regulated substances above their thresholds, the propane is not covered, but you will have to consider the hazards created by the propane when you conduct your process hazard analysis or hazard review.

For most propane storage facilities, complying with this rule will be easy because most of the requirements are similar to those you already comply with under state or local rules based on the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard number 58 on propane. If you are complying with NFPA-58 and implementing other safe engineering practices for propane, you should have little more to do for this rule besides filing a report with EPA.



## AM I COVERED?

The capacity of propane tanks is usually given as water capacity (this information should be on the nameplate of the tank). Table 1 translates the water capacity (in gallons) into propane weight (in pounds). Read the tank capacity on the nameplate and check this table.

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Table 1 assumes that tanks are filled to 88 percent of capacity, the maximum level allowable under NFPA-58 at 60 ( F. If you always keep your tanks filled to a lower level, you should adjust these numbers to reflect your lower inventory. If you have larger tanks, multiply the water capacity times 3.696 to determine pounds at 88 percent capacity.

TABLE 1 

## TYPICAL WATER CAPACITY OF PROPANE TANKS, TRANSPORTS AND RAILROAD TANK CARS
Capacity in Gallons Capacity in Pounds

Storage Tank 12,000 44,400

Storage Tank 18,000 66,500

Storage Tank 30,000 111,000

Storage Tank 40,000 148,000

Storage Tank 60,000 222,000

Storage Tank 100,000 370,000

Storage Tank 120,000 444,000

Transport (Cargo Tank) 8,000 - 11,000 30,000-41,000

Rail Car DOT Class 105J300W & 105A300W 11,000 - 34,500 41,000-128,000

Rail Car DOT Class 112J340W & 112T340W 114J340W & 114T340W 114J400W & 114T400W 26,000 - 34,500 96,000-128,000

Bobtails (Delivery Cargo Tank) 750 - 3200 2,800-12,000



## Also, add up the amounts of propane in tanks that are connected or close together. If you have four 750­ gallon tanks, you are subject to the rule if the tanks are connected by piping, or if you store the tanks close enough together that they could be involved in a single accident. For example, if a fire could spread to all the tanks, they are considered one “process,” and the propane in all the tanks must be counted toward the 10,000-pound threshold. You should also consider whether, if one tank exploded, the other tanks could be affected by the shrapnel or fire. If you have several groups of propane tanks, widely separated, you may be considered to have multiple processes (see Appendix A for additional guidance on determining whether your propane tanks are separated far enough to be considered multiple processes.)



## WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO?

The first step you should take after determining that you are covered by the rule is to decide which Program level you are in. EPA developed the rule with three Program levels to reflect different levels of risk and levels of effort needed to prevent accidents.

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J Program 1 is a minimal set of requirements for processes that have a very low risk of affecting the public in the event of an accident. J Program 2 is a streamlined set of requirements for processes not eligible for Program 1 or subject to Program 3. J Program 3 applies to processes that are not eligible for Program 1 and that are either subject to the Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or in certain industrial sectors (some chemical manufacturers, all refineries, and all pulp mills).

This document does not provide detailed guidance on Program 3. Propane storage facilities subject to part 68 will generally either be eligible for Program 1 or subject to Program 3. The OSHA PSM standard exempts all retail facilities, using the same definition of retail facilities given above, and fuel users, but covers wholesalers and manufacturers that process propane. Consequently, a propane facility subject to part 68 will generally also be subject to the OSHA PSM standard. If you are subject to the OSHA PSM standard, you should also see EPA’s General Guidance for Risk Management Programs or OSHA’s Process Safety Management Guidelines for Compliance (OSHA 3133).

If you can qualify a process for Program 1, it is in your best interests to do so, even if the process is already subject to OSHA PSM. For Program 1 processes, the implementing agency will enforce only the minimal Program 1 requirements. If you assign a process to Program 3 when it might qualify for Program 1, the implementing agency will enforce all of the requirements of the higher program level. If, however, you are already in compliance with the prevention elements of Program 3, you may want to use your RMP to inform the community of your prevention efforts.

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# PROGRAM 1

ELIGIBILITY

Some propane storage facilities will be eligible for Program 1, particularly those that are a considerable distance from any other business or residence. For a process to be eligible for Program 1, it must meet the following criteria:

J The process must not have had an accidental release of propane that led to deaths or injuries of people offsite or response or restoration activities at environmental receptors in the last five years. Environmental receptors are limited to national or state parks, forests, or monuments; officially designated wildlife sanctuaries, preserves, refuges, or areas; and Federal wilderness areas; and,

J There are no public receptors within a distance to a 1 psi overpressure from a worst-case release.

A worst-case release is defined by the rule as the loss of the contents of the single largest vessel (or piping) containing the regulated substance. For propane and other flammable substances, the released substance is assumed to explode and generate a pressure wave that can damage people or structures. The rule requires you to determine the distance to a 1 psi overpressure (at 1 psi, windows will break). This scenario is required by the regulation, and you must adopt this scenario. Table 2 provides the worst-case distance to a 1 psi overpressure for propane tanks.

TABLE 2 DISTANCE TO A 1 PSI OVERPRESSURE



## Nominal Water Capacity (Gallons) Distance to Endpoint (Miles)

500 - 1,750 0.1

1,751 - 7,000 0.2

7,001 - 23,000 0.3

23,001 - 51,000 0.4

51,001 - 90,000 0.5

90,001 - 120,000 0.6

If you have different quantities, RMP*Comp, a software system developed by EPA and NOAA, will allow you to calculate worst-case distances quickly. RMP*Comp can be downloaded from

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www.epa.gov/emergencies/rmp . You may also use other models to develop distance estimates (see 40 CFR 68.22 for the parameters you must use in estimating worst-case release distances). Next, you must determine if there are “public receptors” within a circ le whose radius is equal to this distance. Public receptors include “offsite residences, institutions (e.g ., schools and hospitals), industrial, commercial, and office buildings, parks, or recreational areas inhabite d or occupied by the public at any time without restriction by the stationary source where members of the public could be exposed to toxic concentrations, radiant heat, or overpressure, as a result of an acci dental release.” Offsite means areas beyond your property boundary and "areas with in the property boundary to whic h the public has routine and unrestricted access during or outside business hours." Public roads are not public receptors.

If there are no public receptors within the distance to a 1 psi overpressure for your largest vessel and the process has not had an accidental release that caused any of the listed offsite impacts, your process is eligible for Program 1. If you have questions about whether certain areas are considered public receptors, call the Emergency Planning and Community Right -to-Know Act (EPCRA) hotline at (800) 424-9346 (for DC area (703) 412-9810; T.D. (800) 553-7672) or check EPA’s General Guidance for Risk Management Programs (available from the hotline or electronically at www.epa.gov/emergencies/rmp ).

WHAT MUST I DO FOR A PROGRAM 1 PROCESS?

Because your worst-case release would not affect public receptors, you only need to do two things:

Ê Coordinate emergency response with your local fi re department and any other local emergency planning and response agencies; and,

Ê Complete a brief Risk Management Plan (RMP), as described below

Coordination with the fire department may consist of a discussion with them or a walk-through of your facility. The purpose is simply to be sure that the fire department is aware of the hazards associated with propane at your facility and ready to respond if an accident occurs. Also, contact your State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) to identify your Lo cal Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC). You can get contact information for your SERC fr om the EPCRA hotline (noted above).

The RMP will be filed with EPA and made available to state and local agencies and the public. EPA has developed a web-based submission system, called RM P*eSubmit, that will make filing a RMP or making changes or corrections to an existing pl an easy. You can access this information at 

## www.epa.gov/emergencies/rmp

. EPA’s previous system for electronic submission - RMP*Submit - will no longer be available on the EPA website after March 2009.

The RMP includes registration information (basic fac ility information); the wo rst-case release scenario; a five-year accident history (of accidents that caused deaths, injuries, or significant property damage on site, known offsite deaths or injuries, offsite property or environm ental damage, or evacuations or shelterings in place); emergency response activities; a brief executive summary; and a certification
statement.

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The executive summary should be a brief description of the facility, the worst-case release scenario, steps you take to prevent accidents (e.g., complying with state and local laws), emergency response information (e.g., your coordination with the fire department), and any steps you are planning to take to improve safety (e.g., upgrading equipment to meet newer editions of NFPA-58). The rest of the RMP is filling in names, addresses, and numbers, and checking appropriate boxes. You do not need to submit supporting documentation; you need only keep it onsite for inspection. Most propane storage facilities will not have any accidents to report on the five-year accident history. If you do not, you need not complete that section. A sample RMP for a Program 1 propane facility is attached.

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# PROGRAM 3

If your process is not eligible for Program 1, the process is most likely in Program 3 because it is probably subject to the OSHA PSM standard. Most propane storage facilities that are in commercial or industrial areas or close to residential areas will be subject to Program 3.



## WHAT MUST I DO FOR PROGRAM 3?

For Program 3, you must:

J Analyze both a worst-case release scenario and an alternative release scenario; J Implement a prevention program; J Implement an emergency response program if your employees will respond to a release; and J File an RMP.



## WHAT ARE THE RELEASE SCENARIOS?

Worst-Case Scenario. Part 68 defines the worst-case release scenario you must analyze. It is described in the previous section of this guidance (regarding Program 1). You can simply use Table 2 or RMP*Comp to define the distance to the 1 psi endpoint for your largest tank.

Alternative Release Scenario. An alternative release scenario is a scenario that is more likely to happen. It must reach an endpoint offsite unless no such scenario exists. One of the following scenarios may be appropriate for you.

J Pull-Away Explosion. An alternative scenario may be a hose rupture caused by a pull-away. A pull-away can occur if the driver fails to remove the hoses between the storage tank and the transfer vehicle before moving the vehicle. In this scenario, the failure involves a 25-foot length of unloading hose, 4" in diameter. The active mitigation devices are assumed to work as designed, limiting the release to the contents of the hose. The release leads to a vapor cloud explosion (endpoint 1 psi). The quantity released is 69 pounds. The distance to the endpoint is 175 feet (report as 0.03 miles).

J Piping Break. Another alternative scenario you may want to consider is a break in propane piping leading to a 10-minute release and explosion. The distance to the 1 psi endpoint is shown in Table 3.

Appendix B includes release calculations for alternative scenarios as well as scenarios in addition to the two provided above.

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TABLE 3 DISTANCES TO 1 PSI FOR PIPE RELEASES

Pipe Size (inches) Quantity Released (pounds) Distance to 1 psi

0.5 4,738 0.1

1 18,951 0.2
2 75,804 0.3

You must estimate in the RMP residential populations within the circles defined by the endpoints for your worst-case and alternative release scenarios (i.e., the center of the circle is the point of release and the radius is the distance to the endpoint). You may use Ce nsus data and round to two significant digits (e.g., 1147 becomes 1100, and 123 becomes 120). You do not n eed to conduct surveys or correct Census data. In addition, you must report in the RMP whether certain types of public receptors (e.g., schools, hospitals) and environmental receptors are within the circle . You do not need to identify specific receptors; you simply need to check off the category.



## WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO FOR THE PREVENTION PROGRAM?

The Program 3 prevention program is identical to the OSHA PSM Standard and has 12 elements:

Ê Safety information Ê Process Hazard Analysis Ê Operating procedures Ê Training Ê Mechanical Integrity (Maintenance) Ê Pre-startup reviews Ê Management of change Ê Compliance audits Ê Incident investigation Ê Employee participation Ê Hot work permit Ê Contractors

If you are complying with NFPA-58 or state or local laws based on it, following the guidelines in the National Propane Gas Association (NPGA) LP Gas Safety Handbook, and implementing NPGA safety bulletins, you are probably already doing most of what you need to do to comply with these requirements. The following sections provide additional information on how your current practices will help you comply with the EPA rule. For a more complete discussion of the requirements, see the General Guidance for Risk Management Programs, available at www.epa.gov/emergencies/rmp , and OSHA’s Process Safety Management Guidelines for Compliance (OSHA 3133).

Safety Information. You must have up-to-date information on propane and your propane equipment. You must have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSD S) on propane. If you do not have one, contact your

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supplier for a copy. You must also document your maximum intended inventory for your propane equipment. This will generally be the capacity of your tank or tanks; see Table 1.

You need information on safe upper and lower temperatures, pressures, flows, and compositions. The following information should meet this requirement:

J Propane is a gas at normal temperatures and pressures. It is commonly liquefied by storing it in a closed container at pressures higher than its equilibrium vapor pressure. There is a direct relationship between ambient temperature and the pressure inside the storage container. As the ambient temperature increases, the pressure of the container increases proportionately. According to NFPA 58, 1998 Edition, Table B-1.2.1, commercial propane when heated to a temperature of 105 ( F will produce a pressure of 210 pounds per square inch, gauge (psig). NFPA 58, 1998 Edition, Table 2-2.2.2 sets the current minimum design pressure for an ASME tank at 250 pounds per square inch, absolute (psia). This design allows for a maximum vapor pressure of 215 psia at 100 ( F. The discharge piping for pumps and compressors is currently designed to 350 psi and vapor piping is designed for 250 psi according to NFPA 58, 1998 Edition, 3-2.10.2. The minimum temperatures are determined by the steel used in the design of the storage tank and the piping. Liquid propane (if released at atmospheric pressure) can refrigerate steel pipes and tanks down to temperatures of -44 ( F.

J Another property of propane in its liquid form is its ability to greatly expand when heated. Therefore, NFPA 58, 1998 Edition sets the maximum filling capacity of large tanks in Table 4­ 4.2.2(b) to avoid overfilling.

You must maintain equipment specifications for all equipment that is part of a covered process, including your bulk storage tank(s), piping, pressure relief valves, hydrostatic relief valves, emergency shutoff valves, temperature, pressure and level gauges, valves, pumps, compressors, and hoses. Specifications for your bulk propane storage tank(s) are provided on the nameplate attached to the tank. If you do not have the information, obtain it from your vendor and keep all such information on file.

You must document the codes and standards you used to design and build your propane facility and that you follow to operate it. These codes will probably include the electrical and building codes that you must comply with under state or local laws. Your equipment vendors will be able to provide you with information on the codes they comply with for their products.

The equipment specifications and lists of standards and codes will probably ensure that your process is designed in compliance with recognized and generally good engineering practices.

See the EPA and OSHA guidance documents cited above for more information on the elements that must be documented as part of your safety information.

Process Hazard Analysis. You are required to conduct a process hazard analysis (PHA) to identify the hazards associated with your equipment and propane, the possible malfunctions of equipment or human errors that could cause a release, the safeguards needed to control hazards or prevent malfunctions or errors, and any steps needed to detect or monitor releases. If you are required to comply with NFPA-58, your review can focus on whether you are in compliance with that standard. You may need to consider

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external events as well as internal failures. If you are in an area subject to earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods, you should examine whether your system would survive these natural events without releasing propane. You should consider the potential impacts of lightning strikes and power failures. If your equipment could be hit by vehicles, you should examine the consequences of that. If you have anything near the process that could burn, ask yourself what would happen if the fire affected the propane tanks or equipment. See the EPA and OSHA guidance documents cited above for more information on analysis techniques and issues to be considered. Appendix C provides a checklist that you can use.

When you complete the review, you must document the results and ensure and document that any problems are addressed in a timely manner.

Operating Procedures. Written operating procedures describe the tasks you or your operators must perform, safe process operating parameters that must be maintained, and safety precautions for operations and maintenance activities. These procedures tell you or your employees how to work safely every day. Applicable portions of the National Propane Gas Association (NPGA) Certified Employee Training Program and compliance with certain NPGA Safety Bulletins can be used to meet this requirement. Other programs may be available that will also be acceptable. See the EPA and OSHA guidance documents cited above for more information on the elements that must be included in the procedures. A list of NPGA documents that may meet these requirements is included in Appendix C.

Training. You must ensure that any employee presently operating a process and any employee newly assigned to a covered process have been trained or tested competent in the operating procedures that pertain to their duties. For those employees already operating a process on June 21, 1999, you may certify in writing that the employee has the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibilities as provided in the operating procedures. You are not required to provide a specific amount or type of training. You should develop a training approach that works for you. The NPGA’s Certified Employee Training Program and any training you do to meet DOT requirements may satisfy this requirement. You must provide refresher training. You must determine the frequency of refresher training in consultation with any affected employees, but you must provide refresher training at least once every three years. Training must be documented.

Maintenance. You must prepare and implement procedures to maintain the on-going mechanical integrity of your propane equipment. You may use procedures or instructions provided by equipment vendors or procedures in Federal or state regulations or industry codes as the basis for maintenance procedures. You must also train maintenance workers in these procedures (if a contractor maintains your equipment, the contractor’s employees should be trained as well). NPGA’s Certified Employee Training Program covers many of the maintenance procedures for your propane equipment.

You must establish a schedule for inspecting and testing equipment associated with your propane storage facility. You may obtain recommendations from manufacturers, vendors, or trade associations. You should, however, use your own experience as a basis for examining any schedules you obtain from others. Many things may affect whether a schedule is appropriate. The manufacturer may assume a constant rate of use. If your actual rate of use (e.g., the amount of propane pumped per hour) varies considerably, the variations may cause additional wear on the equipment. Extreme weather conditions may also increase wear on equipment.

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If you have workers that use your propane facility, talk with them as you prepare or adopt these procedures and schedules. If their experience indicates that equipment fails more frequently than the manufacturer expects, you should adjust the inspection schedule to reflect that experience.

See the EPA and OSHA guidance documents cited above for more information on these requirements. A list of NPGA training that applies to maintenance procedures and a maintenance inspection checklist are included in Appendix C.

Management of Change. You must prepare and implement procedures to manage changes, except replacements in kind. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that changes you make do not create any new hazards and that your employees and contractors are informed of the changes and trained in any new procedures that are needed prior to start-up. See the EPA and OSHA guidance documents cited above for more information on these requirements.

Pre-Startup Review . Whenever you install a new covered process or modify an existing one, you must perform a pre-startup review to ensure that the equipment is in accordance with the design specifications, that all procedures related to the equipment are up-to-date, and that employees have been trained in the operation of the new or modified process. See the EPA and OSHA guidance documents cited above for more information on these requirements.

Compliance Audits. At least every three years, you must certify that you have evaluated compliance with EPA’s requirements for the prevention program for each covered process. At least one person who conducts the audit must be knowledgeable about the process. You must develop a report of the audit’s findings, determine and document an appropriate response to each finding, and document that you have corrected all deficiencies. You must retain compliance audit reports for five years.

Incident Investigation. You must investigate each incident that resulted in, or could have resulted in, a “catastrophic” release of propane. A catastrophic release is one that presents an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health and the environment. You must start the investigation no later than 48 hours after the accident. You must create a report on the accident that includes, at least, the date of the accident and the date the investigation began, a description of the accident, the factors that contributed to the accident, and any recommendations that resulted from the investigation. You must address the recommendations and share the findings with any employees whose jobs are affected by the findings. Investigation reports must be retained for five years.

The NPGA “LP-Gas Safety Handbook,” and NPGA bulletin #202-93 “After Accident Procedure” may help you comply with this requirement.

Employee Participation. You must develop a written plan to implement the requirements for employee participation. See the OSHA guidance document cited above for more information on this requirement.

Hot Work Permit . You must issue hot work permits for hot work conducted near your covered process. See the OSHA guidance document cited above for more information on this requirement.

Contractors . If you use contractors to perform maintenance, renovation, or specialty work on or near a covered process, you must implement a program to ensure that your contractors are qualified to perform

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the work and are informed of the potential hazards. See the OSHA guidance document cited above for more information on these requirements.

Table 4 summarizes the ways that propane facilities can comply with some of these requirements.

TABLE 4 WAYS TO COMPLY WITH SOME PREVENTION ELEMENTS

Program 3 Prevention Element How a Propane Facility Can Meet This Requirement
Safety Information - Maintain Material Safety Data Sheets on propane - Use the information provided in this guidance - Document NFPA-58 information - Maintain propane equipment vendor-supplied information - Maintain records on electrical and building codes followed

Hazard Review - Use checklist in Appendix C - Review compliance with NFPA-58

Operating Procedures - Implement NPGA Certified Employee Training Program - Comply with NFPA-58 - Comply with NPGA safety bulletins - Use written operating procedures for propane systems

Training - Implement NPGA Certified Employee Training Program. - Document training done to meet DOT requirements - Document training done to comply with NFPA-58 - Comply with NPGA Safety Bulletins - Provide refresher training at least every three years

Maintenance - Implement NPGA Certified Employee Training Program - Use checklist in Appendix C - Establish a maintenance and testing schedule - Document inspections and maintenance done by equipment vendors

Compliance Audits - Conduct and document a compliance audit every three years; respond to each finding, and document that you have corrected any deficiencies.

Incident Investigation - Implement practices in NPGA’s LP-Gas Safety Handbook - Implement NPGA bulletin #202-93 “After Accident Procedure”

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WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO FOR THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROGRAM?

If you have at least one Program 3 process at your facility, you may be required to implement an emergency response program, consisting of an emergency response plan, emergency response equipment procedures, employee training, and procedures to ensure the program is up-to-date. This requirement applies if your employees will respond to some releases involving propane. The emergency response section of EPA's rule allows you to decide first whether the employees will respond to an accidental release of propane and then what involvement the employees will have in the event of a release of propane. If you choose not to have employees respond, then you must coordinate response actions with the local fire department and have in place appropriate mechanisms to notify emergency responders when there is a need for a response.

Some propane storage facilities will rely on local responders to handle any accident. If you plan to have your employees respond to a propane release, you should consult EPA’s General Guidance for Risk Management Programs to determine what you need to do to develop and implement an emergency
response program.



## WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO FOR MY RMP?

The RMP for a Program 3 process will include the same sections covered in the Program 1 process, plus a report on the alternative release scenario and the report on the prevention program. Except for the executive summary, the RMP consists of names, numbers, and check-off boxes. If you have more than one process, you still file only one RMP. If you have multiple Program 3 processes, but they all contain propane, you report only one worst-case scenario and one alternative scenario to cover all of them. (If you have multiple Program 1 processes, you must report a worst-case scenario for each Program 1 process to establish that the process is eligible for Program 1.)

If you have one Program 3 process, your RMP will include:

J The executive summary (covering the alternative release scenario as well as worst-case) J Registration data J Worst-case and alternative release data J Five-year accident history (only if you’ve had any accidents to report) J Prevention program data J Emergency response data J The certification

A sample RMP and certification statement for a Program 3 propane facility is attached.

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# SAMPLE RMP for PROGRAM 1 PROPANE STORAGE FACILITY (This sample RMP is for a fictitious facility named, “Smith Gas Company Terminal.” Any resemblance to any actual facility is accidental).

CERTIFICATION STATEMENT

Based on the criteria in 40 CFR 68.10, the distance to the specified endpoint for the worst-case accidental release scenario for the following processes is less than the distance to the nearest public receptor:

& Wholesale LPG facility

Within the past five years, the process has had no accidental release that caused offsite impacts provided in the risk management program rule (40 CFR 68.10(b)(1)). No additional measures are necessary to prevent offsite impacts from accidental releases. In the event of fire, explosion, or a release of a regulated substance from the process, entry within the distance to the specified endpoint may pose a danger to public emergency responders. Therefore, public emergency responders should not enter this area except as arranged with the emergency contact indicated in the RMP. The undersigned certifies that, to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete.

William R. Smith William R. Smith Signature Print Name

Company Owner 6/21/99 Title Date

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The accidental release prevention and emergency response policies at your facility : This facility complies with NFPA-58 requirements for LP-Gas storage, and it is our policy to adhere to all applicable federal, state, and local laws. If an emergency were to occur, it is our policy to notify the Garvin County Fire Department and request that they respond to the emergency.

A description of your facility and the regulated substances handled . This facility wholesales LPG, supplying retail outlets, primarily gas stations and cylinder filling operations at cooperatives. The facility consists of a single 18,000-gallon tank, which we fill to between 85% and 88% capacity.

The worst-case release scenario. Our worst-case scenario is failure of the 18,000-gallon storage tank when filled to the greatest amount allowed (88% at 60F), resulting in a vapor cloud explosion. Since this facility is located in a relatively remote, unoccupied area, the worst-case scenario would not affect anyone beyond our property.

The general accidental release prevention program and chemical-specific prevention steps . This facility complies with EPA’s accident prevention rule and all applicable state and local codes and regulations. The propane system is designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with NFPA-58 and state law.

Five-year accident history . We have never had an accident involving propane that caused deaths, injuries, property or environmental damage, evacuations, or shelterings in place.

The emergency response program. In the event of an emergency involving our propane system, it is our policy to notify the Garvin County Fire Department and request that they respond to the emergency. We have discussed this policy with the fire department; members of the fire department have inspected our propane system.

January 27, 2000

## 18

Planned changes to improve safety. None.

1. REGISTRATION

1.1 Source Identification

1.1.a. Facility Name: Smith Gas Company

1.1.b. Parent Company #1 Name: N/A

1.1.c. Parent Company #2 Name:

1.2. RMP Facility Identifier: [EPA will assign]

1.3. EPA Identifier:

1.4. Dun and Bradstreet Numbers (DUNS) N/A

1.4.a. Facility DUNS:

1.4.b. Parent Company #1 DUNS:

1.4.c. Parent Company #2 DUNS:

1.5 Facility Location Address

a. Street 42 Rural Rt 7

b. Street - Line 2:

c. City: Plainville d. State: OK e. Zip Code: 12345 f. County: Garvin

g. Facility Latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds): 34 40 20

h. Facility Longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds): -097 21 06

i. Method for determining Lat/Long : I1 (interpolation, map)

j. Description of location identified by Lat/Long : AB Storage Tank

1.6 Owner/Operator

a. Name: William R. Smith

b. Phone: (555) 555-5555

Mailing Address:

c. Street 1: 42 Rural Rt 7

e. City: Plainville f. State: OK g. Zip: 12345

1.7. Name and title of person responsible for RMP (part 68) implementation

a. Name: William R. Smith

January 27, 2000

## 19

b. Title: Company owner

1.8. Emergency Contact

a. Name: William R. Smith

b. Title: Company owner

c. Phone: (555) 555-5555

d. 24-hour phone: (555) 555-1111 e. Ext. or PIN:

1.9. Other Points of Contact (Optional)

a. Facility or parent company e-mail address:

b. Facility public contact phone: (555) 555-5555

c. Facility or parent company www homepage address:

1.10. LEPC (Optional): Garvin County LEPC

1.11. Number of full-time employees (FTEs) On Site: 1

1.12. Covered by (select all that apply)

a. OSHA PSM: Yes

b. EPCRA section 302:

c. CAA Title V Air Operating Permit ID:

1.13. OSHA Star or Merit Ranking: No

1.14. Last Safety Inspection Date: 12/07/97

1.15. Last Safety Inspection Performed by (select one) Fire department

1.16. Will this RMP involve Predictive Filing? No

1.17. Process Specific Information. For each covered process fill in the following chart. Use a separate sheet for each process

. Process Number: 1

(optional to help you track)

Process Description: Storage tank (optional to help you track)

a. Program Level: 1

b. NAICS Code(s): 42272

January 27, 2000

## 20

c. Chemical c.1. Name:

Propane c.2. CAS Number:

74-98-6 c.3. Quantity (lbs.):

67,000

4. FLAMMABLES: WORST CASE

4.1. Chemical Name

4.2. Results based on (select one) Propane

c. EPA’s RMP Guidance for Propane Storage Facilities Reference Tables or Equations

4.3. Scenario: Vapor Cloud Explosion

4.4. Quantity released (lbs.) 67,000 pounds

4.5. Endpoint Used: 1 psi

4.6. Distance to endpoint (miles) 0.30 miles

4.7. Residential population within distance to endpoint 0

4.8. Public receptors within distance to endpoint (select all that apply)

a. Schools d. Prisons /Correctional facilities

b. Residences e. Recreation areas

c. Hospitals f. Commercial/industrial areas

4.9. Environmental receptors within distance to endpoint (select all that apply)

a. National or state parks, forests, or monuments

b. Officially designated wildlife sanctuaries, preserves, or refuges

c. Federal wilderness area

4.10. Passive mitigation considered (select all that apply)

a. Dikes

b. Fire walls

c. Blast walls

d. Enclosures

e. Other (specify)

4.11. Graphics file name (Optional)

January 27, 2000

## 21

9. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

9.1. Emergency response (ER) plan

a. Is facility included in the written community emergency response plan? No

b. Does facility have its own written emergency response plan? No

9.2. Does facility ER plan include specific actions to be taken in response to accidental releases of regulated substance(s)?

9.3. Does facility ER plan include procedures for informing public and local agencies responding to accidental release?

9.4. Does facility ER plan include information on emergency health care?

9.5. Date of most recent review/update of facility ER plan

9.6. Date of most recent emergency response training for facility’s employees

9.7. Local agency with which the facility ER plan or response activities are coordinated

a. Name of agency Garvin County Fire Department

b. Phone number (555) 555-1000

9.8. Subject to (select all that apply)

9.8.a. OSHA 1910.38 7

9.8.b. OSHA 1910.120

9.8.c. Clean Water Act/SPCC

9.8.d. RCRA

9.8.e. OPA-90

9.8.f. State EPCRA rules/law

9.8.g. Other (specify)

January 27, 2000

## 22

January 27, 2000

## 23



# SAMPLE RMP for PROGRAM 3 PROPANE STORAGE FACILITY (This sample RMP is for a fictitious facility named “Maryland LPG.” Any resemblance to any actual facility is accidental).

CERTIFICATION STATEMENT

To the best of the undersigned’s knowledge, information, and belief formed after reasonable inquiry, the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete.

Mary L. Jones Signature Mary L. Jones Print Name

Company Owner Title 6/21/99 Date

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The accidental release prevention and emergency response policies at your facility : This facility complies with NFPA-58 requirements for LP-Gas storage, and it is our policy to adhere to all applicable federal, state, and local laws. If an emergency were to occur, it is our policy to notify the Howard County Fire Department and request that they respond to the emergency. We also maintain a fire brigade on site to handle small emergencies.

A description of your facility and the regulated substances handled . This facility is a bulk terminal storing LPG for resale to retail propane outlets. The facility consists of four 30,000-gallon tanks and two 120,000­ gallon tanks.

The worst-case and alternative release scenarios. Our worst-case scenario is failure of one 120,000-gallon storage tank when filled to the greatest amount allowed (88% at 60F), resulting in a vapor cloud explosion. The resulting distance to the endpoint extends offsite, and public receptors are within the distance to the endpoint. Our alternative release scenario is a break in a 0.5-inch diameter pipe, leading to a 10-minute release and explosion. The resulting distance to the endpoint extends offsite, and public receptors are within the distance to the endpoint.

The general accidental release prevention program and chemical-specific prevention steps . This facility complies with EPA’s accident prevention rule, the OSHA PSM standard, and all applicable state and local codes and regulations. The propane system is designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with NFPA-58 and state law.

Five-year accident history . We have never had an accident involving propane that caused deaths, injuries, property or environmental damage, evacuations, or shelterings in place.

The emergency response program. In the event of an emergency involving our propane system, it is our policy to notify the Howard County Fire Department and request that they help respond to the emergency. We also have a trained fire brigade. We have coordinated our response plans with the fire department; members of the fire department have inspected our propane system and conducted a joint exercise with us.

Planned changes to improve safety. None.

January 27, 2000

## 24

1. REGISTRATION

1.1 Source Identification

a. Facility Name: Maryland LPG

b. Parent Company #1 Name: N/A

c. Parent Company #2 Name:

1.2. RMP Facility Identifier: [EPA will assign]

1.3. EPA Identifier:

1.4. Dun and Bradstreet Numbers (DUNS) N/A

a. Facility DUNS:

b. Parent Company #1 DUNS:

c. Parent Company #2 DUNS:

1.5 Facility Location Address

a. Street 238 Main Street

b. Street - Line 2:

c. City: Odenton d. State: MD e. Zip Code: 21873 f. County: Howard

g. Facility Latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds): 39 11 15

h. Facility Longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds): -076 50 10

i. Method for determining Lat/Long : I1 (interpolation, map)

j. Description of location identified by Lat/Long : AB Administrative Building

1.6 Owner/Operator

a. Name: Mary L. Jones

b. Phone: (410) 777-1234

Mailing Address:

c. Street 1: 238 Main St.

e. City: Odenton f. State: MD g. Zip: 21873

1.7. Name and title of person responsible for RMP (part 68) implementation

a. Mary L. Jones

b. Company Owner

January 27, 2000

## 25

1.8. Emergency Contact

a. Name: Mary L. Jones

b. Title: Company owner

c. Phone: (410) 777-1234

d. 24-hour phone: (410) 777-4321 e. Ext. or PIN:

1.9. Other Points of Contact (Optional)

a. Facility or parent company e-mail address:

b. Facility public contact phone: (410) 777-1234

c. Facility or parent company www homepage address:

1.10. LEPC (Optional): Howard County LEPC

1.11. Number of full-time employees (FTEs) On Site: 6

1.12. Covered by (select all that apply)

a. OSHA PSM: Yes

b. EPCRA section 302:

c. CAA Title V Air Operating Permit ID:

1.13. OSHA Star or Merit Ranking: No

1.14. Last Safety Inspection Date: 10/19/98

1.15. Last Safety Inspection Performed by (select one) Fire department

1.16. Will this RMP involve Predictive Filing? No

1.17. Process Specific Information. For each covered process fill in the following chart. Use a separate sheet for each process.

Process Number: 1 (optional to help you track)

Process Description: Storage Tanks (optional to help you track)

a. Program Level: 3

b. NAICS Code(s): 42271 Petroleum Bulk Terminal

January 27, 2000

## 26

c. Chemical c.1. Name:

Propane c.2. CAS Number:

74-98-6 c.3. Quantity (lbs.):

1,331,000

4. FLAMMABLES: WORST CASE

4.1. Chemical Name

4.2. Results based on (select one) Propane

c. EPA’s RMP Guidance for Propane Storage Facilities Reference Tables or Equations

4.3. Scenario: Vapor Cloud Explosion

4.4. Quantity released (lbs.) 120,000 pounds

4.5. Endpoint Used: 1 psi

4.6. Distance to endpoint (miles) 0.60 miles

4.7. Residential population within distance to endpoint 200

4.8. Public receptors within distance to endpoint (select all that apply)

a. Schools 8 d. Prisons /Correctional facilities

b. Residences 7 e. Recreation areas 8

c. Hospitals 8 f. Commercial/industrial areas 8

4.9. Environmental receptors within distance to endpoint (select all that apply)

a. National or state parks, forests, or monuments

b. Officially designated wildlife sanctuaries, preserves, or refuges

c. Federal wilderness area

4.10. Passive mitigation considered (select all that apply)

a. Dikes

b. Fire walls

c. Blast walls

d. Enclosures

e. Other (specify)

4.11. Graphics file name (Optional)

January 27, 2000

## 27

5. FLAMMABLES: ALTERNATIVE RELEASES [Program 2 processes only]

5.1. Chemical Name Propane

5.2. Results based on: EPA’s RMP Guidance for Propane Storage Facilities Reference Tables or Equations

5.3. Scenario Vapor cloud explosion

5.4. Quantity released (lbs.) 4,738

5.5. Endpoint used (select one) 1 psi

5.6. Distance to endpoint (miles) 0.10

5.7. Residential population within distance to endpoint 14

5.8. Public receptors within distance to endpoint (select all that apply)

a. Schools d. Prisons /Correctional facilities

b. Residences 7 e. Recreation areas

c. Hospitals f. Commercial/industrial areas 8

5.9. Environmental receptors within distance to endpoint

a. National or state parks, forests, or monuments

b. Officially designated wildlife sanctuaries, preserves, or refuges

c. Federal wilderness area

5.10. Passive mitigation considered (select all that apply)

a. Dikes

b. Fire walls

c. Blast walls

d. Enclosures

e. Other (specify)

5.11. Active mitigation considered (select all that apply)

a. Sprinkler system

b. Deluge system

c. Water curtain

d. Excess flow valve

e. Other (specify)

January 27, 2000

## 28

5.12. Graphics file name (Optional)

7. PREVENTION PROGRAM - PROGRAM 3

For each process or process unit:

7.1. NAICS Code for process: 42271

Propane 7.2. Chemical name(s):

7.3. Safety information

Date of most recent review/revision of safety information 02/04/97

7.4. Hazard review

a.1 Date of completion of most recent PHA/update 02/04/98

a.2 Technique used Checklist

b. Expected date of completion of any changes resulting from the PHA 02/04/98

c. Major hazards identified (select at least one)

Toxic release Overpressurization 7 Earthquake

Fire 7 Corrosion Floods

Explosion 7 Overfilling 7 Tornado

Runaway reaction Contamination Hurricanes

Polymerization Equipment Failure 7 Other

Loss of cooling, heating, electricity, instrument air

7.4.d. Process controls in use (select at least one)

Vents 7 Emergency air supply

Relief valves 7 Emergency power

Check valves Backup pump

Scrubbers Grounding equipment 7

Flares Inhibitor addition

Manual shutoffs 7 Rupture disks

Automatic shutoffs 7 Excess flow device 7

January 27, 2000

## 29

Interlocks Quench system

Alarms and procedures 7 Purge system

Keyed bypass Other: Breakaway couplings

7.4.e. Mitigation systems (select all that apply)

Sprinkler system 7 Deluge system

Dikes Water curtain

Fire walls Enclosure

Blast walls Neutralization

Other (specify)

7.4.f. Monitoring/detection systems (select all that apply)

Process area detectors Other (specify)

Perimeter monitors

7.4.g. Changes since last PHA update (select all that apply)

Reduction in chemical inventory Installation of perimeter monitoring systems

Increase in chemical inventory Installation of mitigation systems

Change in process parameters None required/recommended

Installation of process controls 7 Other (specify)

Installation of process detection systems

7.5. Date of most recent review/revision of operating procedures 03/01/97

7.6. Training

a. Date of most recent review/revision of training programs 03/01/97

b. Type of training provided (select at least one)

Classroom On the job 7

Other (specify)

c. Type of competency test used (select at least one)

Written test Observation 7

Oral test Other (specify)

Demonstration 7

January 27, 2000

## 30

7.7. Maintenance

a. Date of most recent review/revision of maintenance procedures 04/01/97

b. Date of most recent equipment inspection/test 10/19/98

c. What equipment inspected/tested Propane tanks, valves, and piping

7.8 Management of Change

a. Date of the most recent change that triggered management of change procedure:

b. Date of the most recent review or revision of management of change procedures: 6/14/98

7.9 Pre-Startup Review

The date of the most recent pre-startup review:

7.10. Compliance audits

a. Date of most recent compliance audit

b. Expected date of completion of any changes resulting from the compliance audit

7.11. Incident investigation:

a. Date of most recent incident investigation

b. Expected date of completion of any changes resulting from the investigation

7.12 Employee participation plan

Date of the most recent review or revision of the employee participation plan: 4/16/99

7.12 Hot work permit procedures

Date of the most recent review or revision of the hot work permit procedures: 2 4/12/97

7.13 Contractor safety procedures

a. Date of the most recent review or revision of the contractor safety procedures: 4/16/99

b. The date of the most recent review or revision of contractor safety performance: 4/16/99

January 27, 2000

## 31

9. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

9.1. Emergency response (ER) plan

a. Is facility included in the written community emergency response plan? Yes

b. Does facility have its own written emergency response plan? Yes

9.2. Does facility ER plan include specific actions to be taken in response to accidental releases of regulated substance(s)? Yes

9.3. Does facility ER plan include procedures for informing public and local agencies responding to accidental release? Yes

9.4. Does facility ER plan include information on emergency health care? Yes

9.5. Date of most recent review/update of facility ER plan 11/06/98

9.6. Date of most recent emergency response training for facility’s employees 3/14/99

9.7. Local agency with which the facility ER plan or response activities are coordinated

a. Name of agency Howard County Fire Department

b. Phone number (410) 123-4567

9.8. Subject to (select all that apply)

9.8.a. OSHA 1910.38 7

9.8.b. OSHA 1910.120

9.8.c. Clean Water Act/SPCC

9.8.d. RCRA

9.8.e. OPA-90

9.8.f. State EPCRA rules/law

9.8.g. Other (specify)

January 27, 2000

## 32

January 27, 2000

# APPENDIX A HOW DO I DETERMINE IF MY SEPARATE (NON

INTERCONNECTED) PROPANE TANKS ARE CO-LOCATED?

January 27, 2000January 27, 2000

# APPENDIX A HOW DO I DETERMINE IF MY SEPARATE (NON

INTERCONNECTED) PROPANE TANKS ARE CO-LOCATED?

For separate, above-ground, non-interconnected propane tanks, one way to determine whether the tanks constitute a single process (i.e., in rule language are “co-located”) is to determine whether they are close enough together for a vapor cloud explosion resulting from the release of the total contents of one tank to cause the catastrophic failure of an adjacent tank. Table A-1 indicates estimated separation distances based on this method.



## TABLE A-1 ESTIMATED SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR CONSIDERING NON

INTERCONNECTED PROPANE TANKS AS SEPARATE PROCESSES

Tank Capacity (gal) Tank Confinement Estimated Separation Distance (ft)

500 Partial - High 61

500 Low 41

1000 Partial - High 76

1000 Low 51

2000 Partial-High 96

2000 Low 64

The estimated separation distances in Table A-1 corresponding to “Partial - High” confinement are based on a TNT-equivalent yield factor of 10 percent. This is the same yield factor specified in the RMP rule for conducting flammable gas worst-case scenario modeling using TNT-equivalent methods (readers should note that the distances in Table A-1 are not intended as worst-case endpoint distances). This yield factor is appropriate for vapor cloud explosions occurring in areas with numerous obstructions, such as in pipe racks, between stacks of crates or pallets, or near other closely spaced structures 1



### . 

## Table A-1 distances corresponding to “Low” confinement may be used if your propane tanks are located outdoors 2 

## in relatively flat, open terrain with few structures nearby (these separation distances are based on a TNT-equivalent yield factor of 3%). Otherwise, the distances corresponding to “Partial-High” confinement should be used to give reasonably conservative separation distance estimates.

1 

### Vapor cloud explosions occurring in congested or confined sp aces are generally stronger due to higher flame speeds resulting from turbulence produced in unburned gases expanding ahead of the propagating flame front.

2 

### NFPA-58 generally requires propane tanks to be located outside of buildings.

February 24, 1999

## A-2

To determine whether adjacent, non-interconnected propane tanks constitute a single process, measure the linear distance between the tanks and compare it to the estimated separation distance in Table A-1 for tanks of that size and with that degree of confinement. Tanks that are separated by less than the estimated separation distance in Table A-1 should generally be considered a single process and their quantities added together to determine if the process exceeds the RMP threshold of 10,000 pounds. Individual tanks of propane which are separated by at least the estimated separation distance in Table A-1 for tanks of that size and with that degree of confinement may generally be considered as separate processes and thus not subject to the RMP regulation.

The distances provided in the Table above should be treated as estimates. Other methods of determining separation distances may provide more accurate estimates and you are free to use other reasonable methods if you choose. Also, the separation distances provided here should be considered in relation to any unique circumstances at your site, such as topography, the presence of structures and obstacles, the presence of blast-mitigation features, and other site-specific factors. For example, if engineered blast-barriers are located between tanks, or if your tanks are underground, smaller separation distances may be appropriate 3



### . 

## On the other hand, topographical features, such as a depression between two tanks where heavier-than-air propane vapor might collect, may warrant the use of larger separation distances. Additionally, you should evaluate whether there are potential events other than vapor cloud explosions that could reasonably be expected to cause multiple tanks to fail, even at distances larger than those in Table A-1. EPA believes that for most properly designed outdoor propane installations, such events are extremely unlikely, and that separating tanks by at least the appropriate distance in Table A-1 is sufficient to establish separate processes. However, you should evaluate your own circumstances and maintain documentation to support your determination.

Some readers of this guidance may conclude that it will be easier to re-locate one or more of their propane tanks to conform to the distances provided above rather than taking the steps necessary tocomply with the regulation. This is certainly permitted, and in some cases may be an appropriate riskreduction measure. However, when taking such actions, you should be careful to maintain sufficient separation distances between your propane tanks and nearby buildings, roads, and public receptors. EPA recommends consulting NFPA-58 or other applicable codes or standards to identify such distances.

3 

### NFPA-58 generally recommends against installing fire walls, fences, earth or concrete barriers, and other similar structures around or over non-refrigerated LP-gas containers. There are some exceptions. For example, the standard permits such structures to partially enclose LP-gas containers, if the structure is designed in accordance with a s ound fire protection analysis.

February 24, 1999

# APPENDIX B RELEASE CALCULATIONS

February 24, 1999February 24, 1999

# APPENDIX B - RELEASE CALCULATIONS

The endpoints that can be considered for the alternative release scenario are explosion damage, radiant heat effect and lower flammability limit vapor concentration. Review these potential alternative scenarios and pick one or more that best describes a scenario that is more likely to occur than the worst-case scenario and that has an endpoint which is beyond your facility boundary. The following are possible alternative release scenarios that use a vapor cloud explosion and an overpressure of 1 psi.



## PULL-AWAY: (ACTIVE MITIGATION DEVICES PERFORM AS DESIGNED)

An alternative scenario for a propane storage facility may be a hose rupture caused by a pull-away. A pull-away can occur if the driver fails to remove the hoses between the storage tank and the transfer vehicle (bobtail or transport) before moving the vehicle. In this case, the analysis considers the failure of a 25 foot length of unloading hose, 4" in diameter. The active mitigation devices are assumed to work as designed, limiting the release to the contents of the hose.

Volume of hose = cross sectional area of hose x length of hose Volume of hose = % × (4 in / 2) 2 

## × 1 ft 2 

## / 144 in 2 

## × 25 ft = 2.182 ft 3


## W f 

## = 2.182 ft 3 

## × .504 × 62.37 pounds/ft3 = 68.59 pounds of propane

There are three methods described in EPA's OCA that you can use to determine the distance to the endpoint for an alternative scenario. Two of those methods are used here as an example.



## PULL-AWAY EXPLOSION

You can use equation C-1 from EPA's OCA to calculate the distance exposed to greater than 1 psi overpressure. This method results in a distance to endpoint of 175 feet and the endpoint is 1 psi
overpressure. D = 17 ( 0.1 × W f 

## × HC f 

## / HC TNT 

## ) a



## Where, W f 

## is the weight of propane in kilograms in the vapor cloud, Hc f 

## is the heat of combustion of propane from Appendix C of EPA's OCA, Hc TNT 

## is the heat of combustion of TNT from Appendix C of EPA's OCA, and D is the distance in meters from the explosion where overpressure exceeds 1 psi.

D = 17 (.1 × Wf × 46333/4680) a 

## = 17 (.1 × 68.6/2.2046 × 46333/4680) a 

## = 53.29 meters = D = 174.8 feet

If you use this scenario as your alternative release scenario, the distance to endpoint is 175 feet and the endpoint used is 1 psi overpressure.

March 4, 1999

## B-2



## PROCESS PIPING BREAKS

Liquid propane pipe failures: 1⁄2", 1", 2", 3", 4" and 6". (Causes: liquid expansion [failure of hydrostatic valves], a pull-away [failure of breakaway devices 4 

## ], collision, corrosion.) For long pipes, where the length to diameter ratio is significantly greater than one, flashing (i.e., conversion of gaseous propane to liquid) in the discharge pipe results in a two-phase release. You can estimate the amount released from a line shear using the following equation:

) 0.5 

## ] QR = 0.0853 × HA × F × L / [V gl 

## × (T × C p


## Where: QR is the release rate in pounds per minute. HA is the cross-sectional area of the pipe in square inches. F is the frictional factor, which is 0.85 for pipe with a length to diameter ratio of 50. L is the heat of vaporization, which is 426,000 joules per kilogram for propane. V gl 

## is the specific volume of gas minus liquid in m 3 

## /kg, which is 0.056 for propane. T is the temperature in Kelvins (assumed to be 298). C p 

## is the heat capacity, which is 2,400 joules/kilogram/Kelvin for propane. 0.0853 is a units conversion factor.

QR can be calculated using the values in the table below for HA. Now Q (the release quantity) can be calculated for a 10-minute release, and D (the distance to the endpoint in feet) can be calculated using equation C-1 from EPA’s OCA. Note that Q cannot be larger than the amount of propane contained in your storage tank (this should be considered especially for 6" pipes).

For a 1" pipe:

QR = 512.5 pounds per minute

Q = QR × 10 minutes = 5,125 total pounds released (Q = W f 

## )

D = 17 ( 0.1 × W f 

## × HC f 

## / HC TNT 

## ) a 

## = 17 × (0.1 × 5,125 / 2.2046 × 46333 / 4680) a 

## = 224

D = 224 meters = 735 feet = 0.1 mile

If you use this scenario as your alternative release scenario, the distance to endpoint is 735 feet (or about 0.1 mile) and the endpoint used is 1 psi overpressure.

4 See NFPA 58, 1998 Edition, Section 3-9.4.2. A breakaway device is used when dispensing LPG. It is designed so that the breakaway device fails (instead of the piping or hose) allowing other safety devices to retain the fuel and limit the spill. F ailure of the breakaway device means that the breakage occurs somewhere else rather than at the breakaway device during a pull away, thus negating the effectiveness of some or all of the other safety devices.

March 4, 1999

## B-3



## TABLE B-1 POTENTIAL DISTANCES TO ENDPOINT FOR PIPE RELEASES (for 1 psi Overpressure)

Pipe Size (inches) HA (inches 2 

## ) Q R (pounds/minute) Q Total Amount Released after 10 minutes (pounds) D (Miles)

0.50 0.20 128 1,281 0.1

1 0.79 512 5,125 0.1

2 3.14 2,050 20,499 0.2

3 7.07 4,612 46,122 0.3

4 12.57 8,199 81,995 0.4

6 28.27 18,449 184,488 0.5



## OVERFILL STORAGE TANK - RELIEF VALVE LIFTS

A safety relief valve lifts (causes: overpressure or overfilling [failure of your level indicator and administrative procedures]).

A four-valve multiport relief valve has a flow capacity of 27,750 SCFM/Air at 300 psi with three of the four valves lifting. Estimate the amount of propane discharged from one port over 5 minutes and the distance to endpoint if the vapor cloud finds a source of ignition and explodes. The density of air is 12.39 ft 3 

## /lb and the density of propane is 8.66 ft 3 

## /lb. To convert SCFM (air) 

## to SCFM (propane) 

## multiply by 0.808.

The release rate from one port is 27,950 SCFM (air) 

## / 3 = 9,250 SCFM (air)

Q (propane) 

## = Q (air) 

## × 0.808 / 8.66 ft 3 

## /lb = 863 lbs/min × 5 min = 4,315lbs = 1957.4 kg

D = 17 

# ( 0.10 × 1957.4 × 46,333/4680 

# ) a 

## = 211.9 meters × 3.281 ft/meter = 695.2ft / 5280ft/mile = 0.13 miles.

March 4, 1999

## B-4

TABLE B-2 RELIEF VALVE DISCHARGES (FOR 1 PSI OVERPRESSURE)

Relief Valve Size (inches) Capacity SCFM of Air Release Rate (lbs/min) Propane Duration (min) Amount Released (lbs) Distance to Endpoint

(Miles)

Multiport 21⁄2" 9,250 863 5 4,315 0.1

Dual Port 11⁄4" 5,250 490 5 2,449 0.08

21⁄2" 10,390 969 5 4,847 0.1

11⁄2" 6,080 567 5 2,836 0.1

11⁄4" 5,280 492 5 2,463 0.1

1 " 3,340 312 5 1,558 0.09

March 4, 1999

# APPENDIX C CHECKLISTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS

March 4, 1999March 4, 1999

## PROCESS SAFETY INFORMATION

Process Safety Information Worksheet: Propane Storage

Item Description

MSDS Propane
Maximum Intended Inventory

Nominal Water Capacity of Largest Tank

Temperature Upper: Lower:

Pressure Upper: Lower:

Flow Rate Loading: Unloading:

Vapor Piping

Liquid Piping

Safety Relief Valves

RV1 RV2 RV3 RV4

Internal Valve

Excess Flow Valve EFV1 EFV2 EFV3 EFV4
Emergency Shutoff Valve ESV1 ESV2

March 4, 1999

## C-2



## Item Description

Hydrostatic Relief Valve HSV1 HSV2 HSV3 HSV4 HSV5 HSV6

Pump 1

Pump 2

Compressor 1

Compressor 2

Vaporizer Type: Sz. Flow:

Strainer

Check valves

Sightflow Indicator

Tank Level Indicator

Tank Temperature Indicator

Tank Pressure Indicators

Other Temperature Indicators

Other Pressure Indicators

Design Codes

State or Local Codes

Piping Design

Tank Design ASME NB# State ID#
Vaporizer Design ASME NB# State ID#

Date of Most Recent Revision Revised By:

March 4, 1999

## C-3

March 4, 1999

## C-4



## PROPANE STORAGE FACILITY CHECKLIST 5 , 6



## Answer the questions below by indicating "Yes", "No" or "N/A" (for not applicable). "No" responses require further comment and a projected completion date for correcting the deficiency.

Siting Yes/No/NA Comments
1. Does the arrangement of your fixed storage tanks conform with the minimum distances allowed in Table 3-2.2.2 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
2. Are your fixed storage tanks separated from any oxygen or hydrogen storage by the minimum distances given in Table 3-2.2.7(f) of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
3. Are your transfer points separated from the exposure points by the minimum distances given in Table 3-2.3.3 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

Piping, Equipment & Container Appurtenances Yes/No/NA Comments
1. Is your storage facility designed according to ASME code for pressure vessels?

Fixed Storage Tanks ASME?

Vaporizers ASME?

2. Is the pressure rating of your storage tanks appropriate for the product in service?

Storage Tanks?

Vaporizers?
3. Is the stored product properly identified?

4. On installations with multiple tanks, are the elevations of your storage tanks arranged to prevent unintentional overfilling of the lowest container?

5 Completing the Propane Storage Facility Hazard Review Checklist does not guarantee that your facility is in complete compliance with NFPA 58, 1998 Edition.

6 The Propane Storage Facility Hazard Review Checklist is based on NFPA 58, 1998 Edition. Over the years, various changes in NFPA 58 have been made to reduce the probability of a propane release. You should carefully review any change to NFPA 58 si nce your facility was constructed and consider appropriate changes to ensure the safety of your facility. Document the actions that you take. You should be ready to explain any differences between the version of NFPA 58 that you used to construct your facility and the current ver sion.

March 4, 1999

## C-5

Piping, Equipment & Container Appurtenances Yes/No/NA Comments
5. On installations with stairways or ladders, are they well anchored, supported and of slip proof construction?

6. On installations with stairways or ladders, are railings provided and in good condition?
7. On installations with stairways or ladders, are catwalks provided so personnel need not walk on any portion of the container?

8. Is your piping designed according to NFPA 58, 1998 Edition, Section 3-2.10?

Are your pump and compressor discharge and liquid transfer lines suitable for a working pressure of 350 psi?

Is your vapor piping suitable for a working pressure of 250 psi?

On installations with vaporizers, are your vaporizers designed according to 2-5.4.2 or 2-5.4.3 or 2-5.4.4 and 2-5.4.5 or 2-5.4.6 or 2-5.4.7 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
9. Is the relief capacity of your pressure relief devices:

For fixed storage tanks, designed according to Sections 2­ 3.2 and 3-2.5 or 3-2.6 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

On installation with vaporizers, are your vaporizers designed according to 2-5.4.5 or 2-5.4.6 or 2-5.4.7 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

10. Is the capacity of your pressure relief devices designed according to 2-3.2 and 3-2.5 or 3-2.6 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

Have your relief devices been tested or replaced every ten years according to the good practice recommended by Section E-2.3.2 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
11. Do you have appropriate level gauges, temperature indicators, and pressure gauges installed on your fixed ASME storage tanks as specified in 2-3.3.2(b), 2-3.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

March 4, 1999

## C-6

Piping, Equipment & Container Appurtenances Yes/No/NA Comments
12. Do you have the appropriate hydrostatic relief valves installed between every section of liquid piping which can be blocked by manual or automatic valves according to 2-4.7 and 3-2.11 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

13. Do you have the appropriate corrosion protection required by 3-2.14 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
14. On installations with pumps, are they installed according to 3-2.15.1 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

On installations with automatic bypass valves, are they installed on the discharge of your pump according to 3.2.15(b)1 and 2-5.2 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

15. On installations with compressors, are they installed according to 2-5.3 and 3-2.15.2 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

On installations with compressors, is there either an integral means of preventing liquid from entering the compressor or a liquid suction protection trap according to 3-2.15.2(b) of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
16. Do your compressor and pump motors conform with 2­ 5.1.4 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

17. On installations with liquid strainers, are they installed on the suction of your pump or meter according to 3-2.15.3 and 2-5.5 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition and capable of being cleaned?
18. On installations with flexible connections on pumps, compressors or loading and unloading bulkheads, are they installed as specified by 2-4.6 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

19. Do you have either excess flow valves, backflow check valves or internal valves as specified by 2-3.3.3 and 3­ 3.3.7 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
20. Do you have container appurtenance protection as specified in 2-3.7 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

21. Do you have manual valves and emergency shutoff valves as required by 2-4.5.4, 3-2.10.11, 3-3.3.7 and 3-3.3.8 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

March 4, 1999

## C-7

Piping, Equipment & Container Appurtenances Yes/No/NA Comments
22. On installations with vaporizing equipment, is it installed according to 2-5.4 and 3-6 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

Have the liquid traps, temperature controls, and interlocks been tested per the manufacturer’s guidelines?

23. On installations with regulators, are they installed according to 2-5.7 and 3-2.7 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
24. Do you have a breakaway stanchion as required by 3­ 9.4.2 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?

25. On installations with swivel-type piping, are they installed as specified by 3-2.10.11(a) of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
26. Are all above ground lines securely fastened to structural members of adequate strength and supported at proper intervals?

27. Are pressure gauges located so that they will not be exposed to physical damage?
28. Are there sufficient lines for all purposes, without improper dual use or make-shift connections being used for some operations?

29. Are hoses the correct type for each use?
30. Are hose couplings of the correct type and properly attached (fully seated on the hose)?

31. Is adequate transfer hose storage provided?
32. Are the written transfer, loading & unloading instructions available (see § 68.52 of this model program)?

Human Factors Yes/No/NA Comments
1. Have your operators been trained on the written operating instructions for this propane storage facility (see § 68.54 of this model program)?
2. For operators on the job on or before June 21, 1999, do they have the required knowledge, skills and ability to perform their duties safely?

March 4, 1999

## C-8

Human Factors Yes/No/NA Comments
3. Are your operators whose job duties require the use of the above listed equipment understand the operating limits of the system in regards to:

Capacity?

Pressure?

Temperature?

Adverse Weather or Natural Conditions?
4. Have your operators been trained in the correct response to conditions which exceed the operating limits of the system?
5. Have your operators been trained in their duties for emergency conditions?

Fire?

LP Gas Release?

Severe Weather or Natural Conditions?
6. Are the written operating instructions available to the operators (see § 68.52 of this model program)?
7. Do the written operating instructions reflect current operation of the facility (see § 68.52 of this model program)?
8. Have major modifications to your propane storage facility taken place (see § 68.48 of this model program)?
9. Are contractors used at the facility?
10. Are safe work practices such as lock/tag, hot work and line opening followed at the facility?

March 4, 1999

## C-9

Human Factors Yes/No/NA Comments
11. Is there a written emergency response plan (see Subpart E of this model program)?

Is it current?

Have your operators been trained?

Do you provide emergency response equipment?

Has it been checked?

General Hazards Yes/No/NA Comments
1. Does your propane storage facility have protection against tampering as specified in under 3-3.6 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
2. Does your propane storage facility have lighting as specified in 3-3.7 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
3. Is the area around your containers and transfer piping free of all combustible material?
4. Has a fire safety analysis been performed for your propane storage facility as suggested by 3-10.2.2 and 3­ 10.2.3 of NFPA 58, 1998 Edition?
5. Has your fire safety analysis been reviewed by your local fire authority?
6. Has your facility been required by your local fire authority to provide special protection? Fixed Water Sprays/Monitor Nozzles? Insulating Coatings? Mounding/Burial? Other types?
7. Has a federal, state or local agency or fire authority required:

Local Gas Detection Monitors? Perimeter Gas Monitors and Public Alarms?

This Hazard Review was Completed by: On (Date):

The latest date by which all changes resulting from the process hazard review are expected

March 4, 1999

## C-10

to be completed is

. . Date 

## OPERATING PROCEDURES REQUIREMENTS

Procedure Requirement NPGA Certified Employee Training Program (CETP) NPGA Bulletin

(1) Initial Startup: Distribution Systems Operations “Preparing Propane Storage Containers for Installation.”

Distribution Systems Operations “Identifying Procedures Used to Pressure Test and Leak Check New Propane Distribution Systems.”

(2) Normal Operations: Transfer Systems “Identifying Propane Pumps and their Operation.”

Transfer Systems “Identifying Parts and Devices Basic to Compressors.”

Plant Operations “Filling Propane Storage Containers.”

Plant Operations “Unloading a Propane Transport.”

Plant Operations “Unloading a Propane Tank Car.”

Propane Delivery “Filling Cargo Tanks on Bulk Delivery Vehicles.”

(3) Temporary Operations: Plant Operations “Removing Propane from Stationary ASME Tanks and DOT Cylinders.”

(4) Emergency Shutdown and Operation: 200-89 How to Control LP-Gas Leaks & Fires

202-81 What you should do in case of accidents involving LP-Gas

202-93 Steps to Take in the Event of an Accident Involving Propane

204-88 How to Handle LP-Gas Fires with Portable Fire Extinguisher

206-91 Emergency Response Guidelines

March 4, 1999

## C-11



## Procedure Requirement NPGA Certified Employee Training Program (CETP) NPGA Bulletin

207-94 Guidelines for Developing Plant Emergency Procedures

211-91 LP-Gas Fire Control and HAZ MAT Training Guide

(5) Normal (Manual) Shutdown:

(6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that requires a hazard review: See item (1) above.

(7) Consequences of deviations and steps required to correct or avoid deviations.

(8) Equipment inspections.

March 4, 1999

## C-12



## MAINTENANCE TRAINING

Module Certified Employee Training Program (CETP)

Basic Principles Identifying the Proper Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Basic Principles Identifying the Proper Use of Tools and Equipment

Basic Principles Identifying by Sight Hand Tools Commonly Used by Service Technicians

Basic Principles Identifying Pipe/Tube, Pipe/ Fittings, and Associated Tools

Transfer Systems Operations Identifying Propane Pumps and Their Operation

Transfer Systems Operations Identifying the Standards for Sizing, Installing and Inspecting Pump Protective Devices

Transfer Systems Operations Troubleshooting Propane Pumps and Metered Delivery Systems

Transfer Systems Operations Identifying Parts and Devices Basic to Compressors

Transfer Systems Operations Maintaining and Troubleshooting Compressors

Distribution Systems Identifying the Operating Characteristics of Propane Vapor Regulators and Metering Systems

Distribution Systems Installing Propane Vapor Regulating and Metering Systems

Distribution Systems Sizing Pipe for Use in Low Pressure Propane Distribution Systems

Distribution Systems Identifying Steel/Wrought Iron Piping Materials and Installing Procedures

Distribution Systems Identifying Tubing Materials and Installing Procedures

Distribution Systems Identifying and Sizing Vaporizer Systems

Distribution Systems Sizing Propane Liquid Piping Systems

Distribution Systems Identifying Installing and Servicing Procedures for Vaporizer Systems

Plant Operations Identifying the Operating Characteristics of Pressure Relief Valves

Plant Operations Identifying and Installing Gauges in Propane Storage Containers

Plant Operations Identifying the Operating Characteristics of Check Valves

Plant Operations Identifying the Operating Characteristics of Service Valves

Plant Operations Installing Valves in Propane

Plant Operations Inspecting Servicing and Maintaining Container Valves

March 4, 1999

## C-13



## Module Certified Employee Training Program (CETP)

Transfer Systems Operations Identifying the Operation and Maintenance of Withdrawal Valves

Transfer Systems Operation Identifying the Operation and Maintenance of Bulkheads and Emergency Shutoff Valves (ESVs)

Distribution Systems Operations Installing Propane Liquid Distribution and Vaporizer Systems

Transfer Systems Operation Identifying the Operation and Maintenance of Hoses, Hose End Valves, and Hose Reels

Distribution Systems Operations Identifying the Causes of Corrosion on Metal Surfaces

Distribution Systems Operations Identifying Methods and Procedures Used to Protect Metal Structures from Corrosion

Distribution Systems Operations Identifying Procedures Basic to Installing Anodes and Testing Cathodic Protection Systems

Distribution Systems Operations Identifying Procedures Used to Pressure Test and Leak Check New Propane Distribution Systems

March 4, 1999

## C-14

MAINTENANCE INSPECTION CHECKLIST AND TESTS FOR PROPANE STORAGE FACILITIES

I. Construction Code Compliance Yes No and Comment



## a) Check manufacturer’s data plate. Is it securely attached and legible?

For each fixed storage vessel?

On installations with vaporizers, for each vaporizer?

b) Are the data plate(s) free of corrosion?

II. Conditions of Container(s) and Vaporizer(s) and Paint Yes No and Comment

a) Are above-ground containers properly painted?

Fixed storage tanks?

On installations with vaporizers, the vaporizers?

b) Are containers and vaporizers free of corrosion damage, dents, gouges, or other damage?

III. Foundations Yes No and Comment

a) Are foundations in good condition?

b) Are footings free of settling which might cause misalignment or piping strain?

c) Are containers and vaporizers free of corrosion at masonry contact area?

d) Are saddle pads in good condition?

IV. Container Connections Yes No and Comment

a) Have excess flow and back flow check valves been recently checked for proper operation?

V. Tank Fittings Yes No and Comment

a) Are all ACME (or other type) connectors in good condition with good gaskets and are they plugged or capped? (See NPGA Bulletin #134 “Care and Inspection of ACME Threaded Hose Couplings.”)

b) Are all unused openings plugged or capped?

c) Are all fittings and hoses leak free?

March 4, 1999

## C-15

a) Check manufacturer’s data plate. Is it securely attached and legible?

For each fixed storage vessel?

On installations with vaporizers, for each vaporizer?

b) Are the data plate(s) free of corrosion?

d) Are all hoses marked "for LP-Gas service" with a pressure rating of 350 psig (see NPGA Bulletins # 107-91 and #121­ 89)?

e) Are all hoses properly secured, protected, and in serviceable condition and are dust caps on delivery hoses when not in use?

f) Are all hoses free from cuts or abrasions that expose the reinforcing fabric and free from soft spots or bulges when under pressure and without kinks, dents or flat spots?

VI. Gauges Yes No and Comment

a) Are pressure gauges in good condition and are they suitable for 250 psig service (such as 0-400 psig)?

b) Are thermometers in good condition and checked for accuracy?

c) On installations with vaporizers having temperature controls, are they in good condition and have they been tested in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations?

d) Are liquid level gauging devices approved for the service involved and in good condition?

e) On installations with vaporizers having level control devices, are they in good condition and have they been tested in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations?

VII. Pressure Relief Valves Yes No and Comment

a) Is the relief valve data plate legible?

b) Do relief valves or vent stacks have protective caps or closures to prevent entry of foreign matter?

c) Are weep holes for moisture drainage open and is gas impingement on the container avoided?

March 4, 1999

## C-16

a) Check manufacturer’s data plate. Is it securely attached and legible?

For each fixed storage vessel?

On installations with vaporizers, for each vaporizer?

b) Are the data plate(s) free of corrosion?

d) Have the relief valves on containers larger than 2000 gallons and on vaporizers been tested or replaced within the last 10 years as per NFPA 58, 1998 Edition recommendation in E-2.3.2?

e) Does external visual inspection of the relief valve discharge indicate no corrosion or obstruction?

VIII. Emergency Shut-off Valves Yes No and Comments

a) Are valves in good condition and do they shutoff tightly?

b) Does the emergency shutoff control system function properly?

c) Are the remote shutoff controls installed in an accessible area away from the transfer area?

d) Are the shutoff controls clearly identified?

e) On installations with vaporizers having automatic shutoff controls, are they accessible, identified and been tested according to manufacturer’s recommendations?

f) Are the emergency shutoff valves and manual transfer valves on your loading or unloading stations protected from pull away damage by a break-away-stanchion.

IX. Presence of Combustibles Yes No and Comments

a) Is the area within 10 ft. of the container(s) and vaporizers free of weeds, long grass, rags, paper, wood or other combustible debris?

X. Pipe (for Fixed Storage Tanks and Vaporizers) Yes No and Comments

a) Are all connections tight?

b) Are there sufficient lines for all purposes, without dual use, or are make-shift connections being used for some purposes?

c) Are connections labeled “liquid” or “vapor”?

March 4, 1999

## C-17

a) Check manufacturer’s data plate. Is it securely attached and legible?

For each fixed storage vessel?

On installations with vaporizers, for each vaporizer?

b) Are the data plate(s) free of corrosion?

d) Are there visible signs of exterior corrosion?

XI. Valves (for Fixed Storage Tanks and Vaporizers) Yes No and Comments

a) Are valves in good working order?

b) Do seats shut off tightly?

c) Is packing free of leaks?

d) Are necessary valve handles available at the valve location?

XII. Hydrostatic Relief Valves (for Fixed Storage Tanks and Vaporizers) Yes No and Comments

a) Are the valves in good working order and not leaking?

b) Are the valves fitted with protective caps?

c) Are the valve discharges positioned to avoid impinging gas on the tank?

XII. Transfer Areas Yes No and Comments

a) Are hoses in good condition and free of deterioration, wear, and blisters? See NPGA Bulletin #114 “Guide to Hose Inspection.”

b) Are hoses capped or plugged when not is use?

c) Are hose couplings properly attached and fully seated on the hose?

d) Are hose couplings worn or damaged?

e) Are coupling gaskets in good condition?

f) Are correct coupling wrenches available?

g) Are excess flow valves operating correctly?

h) Are the loading and unloading risers protected from traffic?

I) Are chock blocks provided for rail cars?

j) Have your fire extinguishers been tested and/or serviced?

March 4, 1999

## C-18

a) Check manufacturer’s data plate. Is it securely attached and legible?

For each fixed storage vessel?

On installations with vaporizers, for each vaporizer?

b) Are the data plate(s) free of corrosion?

k) Is adequate transfer hose storage available?

m) Are the written transfer instructions readily available?

XIV. Pumps and Compressors Yes No and Comments

a) Are the shafts free of leaks?

b) Are pumps equipped with a spring loaded by-pass valve where required?

c) Is the by-pass valve functioning properly?

d) Are drive belts or couplings protected by suitable guards?

e) Is the compressor crank case oil at the proper level?

XV. Electrical Equipment Yes No and Comments

a) Do all switches, etc. function properly?

b) Are all housings properly assembled to maintain seal?

Inspected By: Inspection Date:

These procedures were last reviewed or inspected by: Date:

Name (signature)

Piece of Equipment Inspected : Most Recent Date:

March 4, 1999

### PART 68—CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS

Subpart A—General

Sec. 68.1 Scope. 68.2 Stayed provisions. 68.3 Definitions. 68.10 Applicability. 68.12 General requirements. 68.15 Management.
Subpart B—Hazard Assessment

68.20 Applicability. 68.22 Offsite consequence analysis parameters. 68.25 Worst-case release scenario analysis. 68.28 Alternative release scenario analysis. 68.30 Defining offsite impacts—population. 68.33 Defining offsite impacts—environment. 68.36 Review and update. 68.39 Documentation. 68.42 Five-year accident history.
Subpart C—Program 2 Prevention Program

68.48 Safety information. 68.50 Hazard review. 68.52 Operating procedures. 68.54 Training. 68.56 Maintenance. 68.58 Compliance audits. 68.60 Incident investigation.
Subpart D—Program 3 Prevention Program

68.65 Process safety information. 68.67 Process hazard analysis. 68.69 Operating procedures. 68.71 Training. 68.73 Mechanical integrity. 68.75 Management of change. 68.77 Pre-startup review. 68.79 Compliance audits. 68.81 Incident investigation. 68.83 Employee participation. 68.85 Hot work permit. 68.87 Contractors.
Subpart E—Emergency Response

68.90 Applicability. 68.95 Emergency response program.
Subpart F—Regulated Substances for Accidental Release Prevention

68.100 Purpose. 68.115 Threshold determination. 68.120 Petition process. 68.125 Exemptions. 68.130 List of substances. Subpart G—Risk Management Plan

68.150 Submission. 68.151 Assertion of claims of confidential business information. 68.152 Substantiating claims of confidential business information. 68.155 Executive summary. 68.160 Registration. 68.165 Offsite consequence analysis. 68.168 Five-year accident history. 68.170 Prevention program/Program 2. 68.175 Prevention program/Program 3. 68.180 Emergency response program. 68.185 Certification. 68.190 Updates.
Subpart H—Other Requirements

68.200 Recordkeeping. 68.210 Availability of information to the public. 68.215 Permit content and air permittingauthority or designated agency requirements. 68.220 Audits.
A PPENDIX A TO P ART 68—T ABLE OF T OXIC E NDPOINTS
A UTHORITY : 42 U.S.C. 7412(r), 7601(a)(1), 7661–7661f.

S OURCE : 59 FR 4493, Jan. 31, 1994, unless otherwise noted. 

### Subpart A—General

§ 68.1 Scope.

This part sets forth the list of regulated substances and thresholds, the petition process for adding or deletingsubstances to the list of regulated substances, the requirements for owners oroperators of stationary sources concerning the prevention of accidentalreleases, and the State accidental release prevention programs approvedunder section 112(r). The list of substances, threshold quantities, and accident prevention regulations promulgated under this part do not limit in any way the general duty provisions under section 112(r)(1).
§ 68.2 Stayed provisions.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, the effectiveness of the following provisions is stayed from March 2, 1994 to December 22, 1997.

(1) In Sec. 68.3, the definition of ‘‘stationary source,’’ to the extent thatsuch definition includes naturally occurring hydrocarbon reservoirs or transportation subject to oversight or



### 1

### § 68.3

regulation under a state natural gas or hazardous liquid program for which the state has in effect a certification to DOT under 49 U.S.C. 60105;

(2) Section 68.115(b)(2) of this part, to the extent that such provision requiresan owner or operator to treat as a regulated flammable substance:

(i) Gasoline, when in distribution orrelated storage for use as fuel for internal combustion engines;

(ii) Naturally occurring hydrocarbonmixtures prior to entry into a petroleum refining process unit or a naturalgas processing plant. Naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures include any of the following: condensate, crude oil, field gas, and produced water, each as defined in paragraph (b) of this section;

(iii) Other mixtures that contain a regulated flammable substance andthat do not have a National Fire Protection Association flammability hazard rating of 4, the definition of which is in the NFPA 704, Standard Systemfor the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1990,available from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269–9101; and

(3) Section 68.130(a). (b) From March 2, 1994 to December 22, 1997, the following definitions shallapply to the stayed provisions described in paragraph (a) of this section:

Condensate means hydrocarbon liquidseparated from natural gas that condenses because of changes in temperature, pressure, or both, and remains liquid at standard conditions.

Crude oil means any naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum liquid.

Field gas means gas extracted from a production well before the gas enters a natural gas processing plant.

Natural gas processing plant meansany processing site engaged in the extraction of natural gas liquids from field gas, fractionation of natural gas liquids to natural gas products, or both. A separator, dehydration unit,heater treater, sweetening unit, compressor, or similar equipment shall notbe considered a ‘‘processing site’’ unless such equipment is physically located within a natural gas processing plant (gas plant) site. 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

Petroleum refining process unit means a process unit used in an establishmentprimarily engaged in petroleum refining as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification code for petroleumrefining (2911) and used for the following: Producing transportation fuels (such as gasoline, diesel fuels, and jet fuels), heating fuels (such as kerosene,fuel gas distillate, and fuel oils), or lubricants; separating petroleum; or separating, cracking, reacting, or reforming intermediate petroleum streams. Examples of such units include, but are not limited to, petroleum based solvent units, alkylation units, catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic hydrorefining,catalytic hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, crude distillation, lube oil processing, hydrogenproduction, isomerization, polymerization, thermal processes, and blending,sweetening, and treating processes. Petroleum refining process units include sulfur plants.

Produced water means water extracted from the earth from an oil or natural gas production well, or that is separated from oil or natural gas after extraction.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, the effectiveness of part 68 is stayed from June 21, 1999 toDecember 21, 1999 with respect to regulated flammable hydrocarbon substances when the substance is intended for use as a fuel and does not exceed 67,000 pounds in a process that is notmanufacturing the fuel, does not contain greater than a threshold quantity of another regulated substance, and isnot collocated or interconnected to another covered process.
[59 FR 4493, Jan. 31, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 31731, June 20, 1996; 64 FR 29170, May 28, 1999]

§ 68.3 Definitions.

For the purposes of this part: Accidental release means an unanticipated emission of a regulated substance or other extremely hazardous substance into the ambient air from a stationary source.

Act means the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq .)

Administrative controls mean written procedural mechanisms used for hazard control.



### 2

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

Administrator means the administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

AIChE/CCPS means the American Institute of Chemical Engineers/Center for Chemical Process Safety.

API means the American Petroleum Institute.

Article means a manufactured item, as defined under 29 CFR 1910.1200(b),that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end use functions dependent in whole or in part upon the shape or design during end use, and that does not release orotherwise result in exposure to a regulated substance under normal conditions of processing and use.

ASME means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

CAS means the Chemical Abstracts Service.

Catastrophic release means a majoruncontrolled emission, fire, or explosion, involving one or more regulated substances that presents imminent and substantial endangerment to public health and the environment.

Classified information means ‘‘classified information’’ as defined in the Classified Information Procedures Act, 18 U.S.C. App. 3, section 1(a) as ‘‘any information or material that has beendetermined by the United States Government pursuant to an executive order, statute, or regulation, to requireprotection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national security.’’

Condensate means hydrocarbon liquidseparated from natural gas that condenses due to changes in temperature, pressure, or both, and remains liquid at standard conditions.

Covered process means a process that has a regulated substance present inmore than a threshold quantity as determined under § 68.115.

Crude oil means any naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum liquid.

Designated agency means the state, local, or Federal agency designated by the state under the provisions of § 68.215(d) .

DOT means the United States Department of Transportation.

Environmental receptor means natural areas such as national or state parks,forests, or monuments; officially designated wildlife sanctuaries, preserves, 

### § 68.3

refuges, or areas; and Federal wilderness areas, that could be exposed atany time to toxic concentrations, radiant heat, or overpressure greater than or equal to the endpoints provided in § 68.22(a) , as a result of an accidental release and that can be identified on local U. S. Geological Survey maps.

Field gas means gas extracted from a production well before the gas enters a natural gas processing plant.

Hot work means work involving electric or gas welding, cutting, brazing, orsimilar flame or spark-producing operations.

Implementing agency means the state or local agency that obtains delegation for an accidental release prevention program under subpart E, 40 CFR part 63. The implementing agency may, but is not required to, be the state or local air permitting agency. If no state or local agency is granted delegation, EPA will be the implementing agency for that state.

Injury means any effect on a humanthat results either from direct exposure to toxic concentrations; radiant heat; or overpressures from accidentalreleases or from the direct consequences of a vapor cloud explosion (such as flying glass, debris, and other projectiles) from an accidental release and that requires medical treatment or hospitalization.

Major change means introduction of anew process, process equipment, or regulated substance, an alteration of process chemistry that results in any change to safe operating limits, or other alteration that introduces a new hazard.

Mechanical integrity means the process of ensuring that process equipment is fabricated from the proper materialsof construction and is properly installed, maintained, and replaced toprevent failures and accidental releases.

Medical treatment means treatment, other than first aid, administered by a physician or registered professional personnel under standing orders from a physician.

Mitigation or mitigation system means specific activities, technologies, orequipment designed or deployed to capture or control substances upon loss of containment to minimize exposure of



### 3

### § 68.3

the public or the environment. Passive mitigation means equipment, devices, or technologies that function without human, mechanical, or other energyinput. Active mitigation means equipment, devices, or technologies thatneed human, mechanical, or other energy input to function.

NAICS means North American Industry Classification System.

NFPA means the National Fire Protection Association.

Natural gas processing plant (gas plant) means any processing site engaged in the extraction of natural gas liquids from field gas, fractionation of mixednatural gas liquids to natural gas products, or both, classified as North American Industrial Classification System(NAICS) code 211112 (previously Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 1321).

Offsite means areas beyond the property boundary of the stationary source,and areas within the property boundary to which the public has routine and unrestricted access during or outside business hours.

OSHA means the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Owner or operator means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a stationary source.

Petroleum refining process unit means a process unit used in an establishmentprimarily engaged in petroleum refining as defined in NAICS code 32411 for petroleum refining (formerly SIC code2911) and used for the following: Producing transportation fuels (such as gasoline, diesel fuels, and jet fuels), heating fuels (such as kerosene, fuelgas distillate, and fuel oils), or lubricants; Separating petroleum; or Separating, cracking, reacting, or reforming intermediate petroleum streams. Examples of such units include, but are not limited to, petroleum based solvent units, alkylation units, catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic hydrorefining,catalytic hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, crude distillation, lube oil processing, hydrogenproduction, isomerization, polymerization, thermal processes, and blending,sweetening, and treating processes. Petroleum refining process units include sulfur plants.

Population means the public. 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

Process means any activity involving a regulated substance including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling,or on-site movement of such substances, or combination of these activities. For the purposes of this definition, any group of vessels that are interconnected, or separate vessels that are located such that a regulatedsubstance could be involved in a potential release, shall be considered a single process.

Produced water means water extracted from the earth from an oil or natural gas production well, or that is separated from oil or natural gas after extraction.

Public means any person except employees or contractors at the stationary source.

Public receptor means offsite residences, institutions (e.g., schools, hospitals), industrial, commercial, and office buildings, parks, or recreationalareas inhabited or occupied by the public at any time without restriction by the stationary source where members of the public could be exposed to toxicconcentrations, radiant heat, or overpressure, as a result of an accidental release.

Regulated substance is any substance listed pursuant to section 112(r)(3) of the Clean Air Act as amended, in §68.130.

Replacement in kind means a replacement that satisfies the design specifications.

RMP means the risk management plan required under subpart G of this part.

Stationary source means any buildings, structures, equipment, installations, or substance emitting stationaryactivities which belong to the same industrial group, which are located on one or more contiguous properties, which are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control), and from which an accidentalrelease may occur. The term stationary source does not apply to transportation, including storage incident to transportation, of any regulatedsubstance or any other extremely hazardous substance under the provisionsof this part. A stationary source includes transportation containers used



### 4

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

for storage not incident to transportation and transportation containers connected to equipment at a stationarysource for loading or unloading. Transportation includes, but is not limited to, transportation subject to oversight or regulation under 49 CFR parts 192, 193, or 195, or a state natural gas or hazardous liquid program for which the state has in effect a certification to DOT under 49 U.S.C. section 60105. Astationary source does not include naturally occurring hydrocarbon reservoirs. Properties shall not be considered contiguous solely because of a railroad or pipeline right-of-way.

Threshold quantity means the quantity specified for regulated substances pursuant to section 112(r)(5) of the Clean Air Act as amended, listed in § 68.130 and determined to be present at a stationary source as specified in § 68.115 of this part.

Typical meteorological conditions means the temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, and atmospheric stability class, prevailing at the site based on data gathered at or near the site or from a local meteorological station.

Vessel means any reactor, tank, drum, barrel, cylinder, vat, kettle, boiler, pipe, hose, or other container.

Worst-case release means the release of the largest quantity of a regulated substance from a vessel or process linefailure that results in the greatest distance to an endpoint defined in §68.22(a).
[59 FR 4493, Jan. 31, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 31717, June 20, 1996; 63 FR 644, Jan. 6, 1998; 64 FR 979, Jan. 6, 1999] § 68.10 Applicability.

(a) An owner or operator of a stationary source that has more than athreshold quantity of a regulated substance in a process, as determinedunder § 68.115, shall comply with the requirements of this part no later than the latest of the following dates:

(1) June 21, 1999; (2) Three years after the date on which a regulated substance is first listed under § 68.130; or

(3) The date on which a regulated substance is first present above a threshold quantity in a process.

(b) Program 1 eligibility requirements. A covered process is eligible for 

### § 68.10

Program 1 requirements as provided in § 68.12(b) if it meets all of the following requirements:

(1) For the five years prior to the submission of an RMP, the process hasnot had an accidental release of a regulated substance where exposure to thesubstance, its reaction products, overpressure generated by an explosion involving the substance, or radiant heatgenerated by a fire involving the substance led to any of the following offsite:

(i) Death; (ii) Injury; or (iii) Response or restoration activities for an exposure of an environmental receptor;

(2) The distance to a toxic or flammable endpoint for a worst-case release assessment conducted under Subpart B and § 68.25 is less than the distance to any public receptor, as defined in § 68.30; and

(3) Emergency response procedureshave been coordinated between the stationary source and local emergency planning and response organizations.

(c) Program 2 eligibility requirements. A covered process is subject to Program 2 requirements if it does notmeet the eligibility requirements of either paragraph (b) or paragraph (d) of this section.

(d) Program 3 eligibility requirements. A covered process is subject to Program 3 if the process does not meet the requirements of paragraph (b) ofthis section, and if either of the following conditions is met:

(1) The process is in NAICS code 32211, 32411, 32511, 325181, 325188, 325192, 325199, 325211, 325311, or 32532; or

(2) The process is subject to the OSHA process safety management standard, 29 CFR 1910.119.

(e) If at any time a covered process no longer meets the eligibility criteriaof its Program level, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of the new Program level that applies to the process and update the RMP as provided in § 68.190.

(f) The provisions of this part shall not apply to an Outer Continental Shelf (‘‘OCS’’) source, as defined in 40 CFR 55.2.
[61 FR 31717, June 20, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 645, Jan. 6, 1998; 64 FR 979, Jan. 6, 1999]



### 5

### § 68.12

§ 68.12 General requirements.

(a) General requirements. The owneror operator of a stationary source subject to this part shall submit a single RMP, as provided in §§ 68.150 to 68.185. The RMP shall include a registration that reflects all covered processes.

(b) Program 1 requirements. In addition to meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator of a stationary source witha process eligible for Program 1, as provided in § 68.10(b), shall:

(1) Analyze the worst-case release scenario for the process(es), as provided in § 68.25; document that the nearest public receptor is beyond the distanceto a toxic or flammable endpoint defined in § 68.22(a); and submit in the RMP the worst-case release scenario as provided in § 68.165;

(2) Complete the five-year accident history for the process as provided in § 68.42 of this part and submit it in the RMP as provided in § 68.168;

(3) Ensure that response actions have been coordinated with local emergency planning and response agencies; and

(4) Certify in the RMP the following: ‘‘Based on the criteria in 40 CFR 68.10, the distance to the specified endpoint for the worst-case accidental release scenario for the following process(es) is less than the distance to the nearestpublic receptor: [list process(es)]. Within the past five years, the process(es) has (have) had no accidental release that caused offsite impacts provided in the risk management program rule (40CFR 68.10(b)(1)). No additional measures are necessary to prevent offsite impacts from accidental releases. In the event of fire, explosion, or a releaseof a regulated substance from the process(es), entry within the distance tothe specified endpoints may pose a danger to public emergency responders.Therefore, public emergency responders should not enter this area except as arranged with the emergency contact indicated in the RMP. The undersignedcertifies that, to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, formedafter reasonable inquiry, the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete. [Signature, title, date signed].’’

(c) Program 2 requirements. In addition to meeting the requirements of 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator of a stationary source witha process subject to Program 2, as provided in § 68.10(c), shall:

(1) Develop and implement a management system as provided in § 68.15;

(2) Conduct a hazard assessment as provided in §§ 68.20 through 68.42;

(3) Implement the Program 2 prevention steps provided in §§ 68.48 through 68.60or implement the Program 3 prevention steps provided in §§ 68.65 through 68.87;

(4) Develop and implement an emergency response program as provided in §§ 68.90 to 68.95; and

(5) Submit as part of the RMP the data on prevention program elements for Program 2 processes as provided in §68.170.

(d) Program 3 requirements. In addition to meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator of a stationary source witha process subject to Program 3, as provided in § 68.10(d) shall:

(1) Develop and implement a management system as provided in § 68.15;

(2) Conduct a hazard assessment as provided in §§ 68.20 through 68.42;

(3) Implement the prevention requirements of §§ 68.65 through 68.87;

(4) Develop and implement an emergency response program as provided in §§ 68.90 to 68.95 of this part; and

(5) Submit as part of the RMP the data on prevention program elements for Program 3 processes as provided in §68.175.
[61 FR 31718, June 20, 1996]
§ 68.15 Management.

(a) The owner or operator of a stationary source with processes subjectto Program 2 or Program 3 shall develop a management system to overseethe implementation of the risk management program elements.

(b) The owner or operator shall assign a qualified person or position that has the overall responsibility for thedevelopment, implementation, and integration of the risk management program elements.

(c) When responsibility for implementing individual requirements of this part is assigned to persons otherthan the person identified under paragraph (b) of this section, the names or



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### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

positions of these people shall be documented and the lines of authority defined through an organization chart or similar document.

[61 FR 31718, June 20, 1996]



### Subpart B—Hazard Assessment

S OURCE : 61 FR 31718, June 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted.
§ 68.20 Applicability.

The owner or operator of a stationary source subject to this partshall prepare a worst-case release scenario analysis as provided in § 68.25 of this part and complete the five-year accident history as provided in § 68.42. The owner or operator of a Program 2and 3 process must comply with all sections in this subpart for these processes. § 68.22 Offsite consequence analysis parameters. (a) Endpoints. For analyses of offsite consequences, the following endpoints shall be used:

(1) Toxics. The toxic endpoints provided in appendix A of this part.

(2) Flammables. The endpoints forflammables vary according to the scenarios studied:

(i) Explosion. An overpressure of 1 psi.

(ii) Radiant heat/exposure time. A radiant heat of 5 kw/m 2 for 40 seconds.

(iii) Lower flammability limit. A lower flammability limit as provided in NFPA documents or other generally recognized sources.

(b) Wind speed/atmospheric stabilityclass. For the worst-case release analysis, the owner or operator shall use a wind speed of 1.5 meters per second and F atmospheric stability class. If the owner or operator can demonstratethat local meteorological data applicable to the stationary source show ahigher minimum wind speed or less stable atmosphere at all times during the previous three years, these minimumsmay be used. For analysis of alternative scenarios, the owner or operator may use the typical meteorological conditions for the stationary source.

(c) Ambient temperature/humidity. For worst-case release analysis of a 

### § 68.25

regulated toxic substance, the owner or operator shall use the highest daily maximum temperature in the previous three years and average humidity forthe site, based on temperature/humidity data gathered at the stationarysource or at a local meteorological station; an owner or operator using the RMP Offsite Consequence Analysis Guidance may use 25 ° C and 50 percent humidity as values for these variables. For analysis of alternative scenarios, the owner or operator may use typical temperature/humidity data gathered atthe stationary source or at a local meteorological station.

(d) Height of release. The worst-case release of a regulated toxic substance shall be analyzed assuming a ground level (0 feet) release. For an alternative scenario analysis of a regulated toxicsubstance, release height may be determined by the release scenario.

(e) Surface roughness. The owner or operator shall use either urban or rural topography, as appropriate. Urban means that there are many obstacles in the immediate area; obstacles include buildings or trees. Rural means there are no buildings in the immediate area and the terrain is generally flat and unobstructed.

(f) Dense or neutrally buoyant gases. The owner or operator shall ensurethat tables or models used for dispersion analysis of regulated toxic substances appropriately account for gas density.

(g) Temperature of released substance. For worst case, liquids other than gases liquified by refrigeration only shall be considered to be releasedat the highest daily maximum temperature, based on data for the previous three years appropriate for thestationary source, or at process temperature, whichever is higher. For alternative scenarios, substances may be considered to be released at a processor ambient temperature that is appropriate for the scenario.

§ 68.25 Worst-case release scenario analysis. (a) The owner or operator shall analyze and report in the RMP:

(1) For Program 1 processes, one worst-case release scenario for each Program 1 process;



### 7

### § 68.25

(2) For Program 2 and 3 processes: (i) One worst-case release scenario that is estimated to create the greatestdistance in any direction to an endpoint provided in appendix A of thispart resulting from an accidental release of regulated toxic substancesfrom covered processes under worstcase conditions defined in § 68.22;

(ii) One worst-case release scenario that is estimated to create the greatestdistance in any direction to an endpoint defined in § 68.22(a) resulting froman accidental release of regulated flammable substances from covered processes under worst-case conditions defined in § 68.22; and

(iii) Additional worst-case releasescenarios for a hazard class if a worstcase release from another covered process at the stationary source potentially affects public receptors different fromthose potentially affected by the worstcase release scenario developed under paragraphs (a)(2)(i) or (a)(2)(ii) of this section.

(b) Determination of worst-case release quantity. The worst-case release quantity shall be the greater of the following:

(1) For substances in a vessel, the greatest amount held in a single vessel, taking into account administrativecontrols that limit the maximum quantity; or

(2) For substances in pipes, the greatest amount in a pipe, taking into account administrative controls that limit the maximum quantity.

(c) Worst-case release scenario—toxic gases. (1) For regulated toxic substances that are normally gases at ambient temperature and handled as a gas or as a liquid under pressure, the owner or operator shall assume that thequantity in the vessel or pipe, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is released as a gas over 10 minutes. The release rate shall be assumed to be the total quantity divided by 10 unless passive mitigation systems are in place.

(2) For gases handled as refrigerated liquids at ambient pressure:

(i) If the released substance is notcontained by passive mitigation systems or if the contained pool would have a depth of 1 cm or less, the owneror operator shall assume that the sub

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

stance is released as a gas in 10 minutes;

(ii) If the released substance is contained by passive mitigation systems in a pool with a depth greater than 1 cm, the owner or operator may assume that the quantity in the vessel or pipe, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is spilled instantaneouslyto form a liquid pool. The volatilization rate (release rate) shall be calculated at the boiling point of the substance and at the conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section.

(d) Worst-case release scenario—toxic liquids. (1) For regulated toxic substances that are normally liquids atambient temperature, the owner or operator shall assume that the quantity in the vessel or pipe, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is spilled instantaneously to form a liquid pool.

(i) The surface area of the pool shall be determined by assuming that theliquid spreads to 1 centimeter deep unless passive mitigation systems are in place that serve to contain the spilland limit the surface area. Where passive mitigation is in place, the surface area of the contained liquid shall be used to calculate the volatilization
rate.

(ii) If the release would occur onto a surface that is not paved or smooth, the owner or operator may take intoaccount the actual surface characteristics.

(2) The volatilization rate shall account for the highest daily maximum temperature occurring in the past three years, the temperature of thesubstance in the vessel, and the concentration of the substance if the liquid spilled is a mixture or solution.

(3) The rate of release to air shall be determined from the volatilization rateof the liquid pool. The owner or operator may use the methodology in the RMP Offsite Consequence AnalysisGuidance or any other publicly available techniques that account for the modeling conditions and are recognized by industry as applicable as part of current practices. Proprietary modelsthat account for the modeling conditions may be used provided the owner or operator allows the implementing



### 8

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

agency access to the model and describes model features and differences from publicly available models to local emergency planners upon request.

(e) Worst-case release scenario—flammable gases. The owner or operator shall assume that the quantity of thesubstance, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section and the provisions below, vaporizes resulting in a vapor cloud explosion. A yield factor of10 percent of the available energy released in the explosion shall be used to determine the distance to the explosion endpoint if the model used is based on TNT equivalent methods.

(1) For regulated flammable substances that are normally gases at ambient temperature and handled as a gas or as a liquid under pressure, the owner or operator shall assume that thequantity in the vessel or pipe, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is released as a gas over 10 minutes. The total quantity shall be assumed to be involved in the vapor cloud explosion.

(2) For flammable gases handled asrefrigerated liquids at ambient pressure:

(i) If the released substance is notcontained by passive mitigation systems or if the contained pool would have a depth of one centimeter or less, the owner or operator shall assumethat the total quantity of the substance is released as a gas in 10 minutes, and the total quantity will be involved in the vapor cloud explosion.

(ii) If the released substance is contained by passive mitigation systems in a pool with a depth greater than 1 centimeter, the owner or operator may assume that the quantity in the vessel or pipe, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is spilled instantaneously to form a liquid pool. The volatilization rate (release rate) shall be calculated at the boiling point of thesubstance and at the conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section. The owner or operator shall assume that the quantity which becomes vapor in the first 10 minutes is involved in the vapor cloud explosion.

(f) Worst-case release scenario—flammable liquids. The owner or operator shall assume that the quantity of the substance, as determined under para­ 

### § 68.25

graph (b) of this section and the provisions below, vaporizes resulting in a vapor cloud explosion. A yield factor of10 percent of the available energy released in the explosion shall be used to determine the distance to the explosion endpoint if the model used is based on TNT equivalent methods.

(1) For regulated flammable substances that are normally liquids atambient temperature, the owner or operator shall assume that the entirequantity in the vessel or pipe, as determined under paragraph (b) of this section, is spilled instantaneously to forma liquid pool. For liquids at temperatures below their atmospheric boiling point, the volatilization rate shall be calculated at the conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section.

(2) The owner or operator shall assume that the quantity which becomesvapor in the first 10 minutes is involved in the vapor cloud explosion.

(g) Parameters to be applied. Theowner or operator shall use the parameters defined in § 68.22 to determine distance to the endpoints. The owner oroperator may use the methodology provided in the RMP Offsite ConsequenceAnalysis Guidance or any commercially or publicly available air dispersion modeling techniques, provided the techniques account for the modelingconditions and are recognized by industry as applicable as part of currentpractices. Proprietary models that account for the modeling conditions may be used provided the owner or operator allows the implementing agency accessto the model and describes model features and differences from publicly available models to local emergency planners upon request.

(h) Consideration of passive mitigation

. Passive mitigation systems may be considered for the analysis of worstcase provided that the mitigation system is capable of withstanding the release event triggering the scenario and would still function as intended.

(i) Factors in selecting a worst-case scenario. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, the owner or operator shall select as the worst case for flammable regulatedsubstances or the worst case for regulated toxic substances, a scenario based



### 9

### § 68.28

on the following factors if such a scenario would result in a greater distanceto an endpoint defined in § 68.22(a) beyond the stationary source boundarythan the scenario provided under paragraph (b) of this section:

(1) Smaller quantities handled athigher process temperature or pressure; and

(2) Proximity to the boundary of the stationary source.
[61 FR 31718, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 28700, May 26, 1999]

§ 68.28 Alternative release scenario analysis. (a) The number of scenarios. The owner or operator shall identify and analyze at least one alternative releasescenario for each regulated toxic substance held in a covered process(es) andat least one alternative release scenario to represent all flammable substances held in covered processes.

(b) Scenarios to consider. (1) For each scenario required under paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator shall select a scenario:

(i) That is more likely to occur than the worst-case release scenario under § 68.25; and

(ii) That will reach an endpoint offsite, unless no such scenario exists.

(2) Release scenarios considered should include, but are not limited to, the following, where applicable:

(i) Transfer hose releases due to splits or sudden hose uncoupling;

(ii) Process piping releases from failures at flanges, joints, welds, valves and valve seals, and drains or bleeds;

(iii) Process vessel or pump releases due to cracks, seal failure, or drain, bleed, or plug failure;

(iv) Vessel overfilling and spill, or overpressurization and venting through relief valves or rupture disks; and

(v) Shipping container mishandling and breakage or puncturing leading to a spill.

(c) Parameters to be applied. Theowner or operator shall use the appropriate parameters defined in § 68.22 to determine distance to the endpoints. The owner or operator may use either the methodology provided in the RMP Offsite Consequence Analysis Guidanceor any commercially or publicly available air dispersion modeling tech

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

niques, provided the techniques account for the specified modeling conditions and are recognized by industry as applicable as part of current practices. Proprietary models that account for the modeling conditions may be used provided the owner or operator allows the implementing agency access to the model and describes model features and differences from publicly available models to local emergency planners upon request.

(d) Consideration of mitigation. Active and passive mitigation systems may be considered provided they are capable of withstanding the event that triggered the release and would still be functional.

(e) Factors in selecting scenarios. The owner or operator shall consider the following in selecting alternative release scenarios:

(1) The five-year accident history provided in § 68.42; and

(2) Failure scenarios identified under § 68.50 or § 68.67.
§ 68.30 Defining offsite impacts—population. (a) The owner or operator shall estimate in the RMP the population within a circle with its center at the point of the release and a radius determined by the distance to the endpoint defined in §68.22(a).

(b) Population to be defined. Population shall include residential population. The presence of institutions (schools, hospitals, prisons), parks andrecreational areas, and major commercial, office, and industrial buildings shall be noted in the RMP.

(c) Data sources acceptable. The owner or operator may use the most recentCensus data, or other updated information, to estimate the population potentially affected.

(d) Level of accuracy. Population shall be estimated to two significant digits.
§ 68.33 Defining offsite impacts—environment. (a) The owner or operator shall list in the RMP environmental receptors within a circle with its center at thepoint of the release and a radius determined by the distance to the endpoint defined in § 68.22(a) of this part.



### 10

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

(b) Data sources acceptable. Theowner or operator may rely on information provided on local U.S. Geological Survey maps or on any data source containing U.S.G.S. data to identify environmental receptors.

68.36 Review and update.

(a) The owner or operator shall review and update the offsite consequence analyses at least once every five years.

(b) If changes in processes, quantities stored or handled, or any other aspectof the stationary source might reasonably be expected to increase or decrease the distance to the endpoint by a factor of two or more, the owner oroperator shall complete a revised analysis within six months of the change and submit a revised risk management plan as provided in § 68.190.

§ 68.39 Documentation.

The owner or operator shall maintain the following records on the offsite consequence analyses:

(a) For worst-case scenarios, a description of the vessel or pipeline andsubstance selected as worst case, assumptions and parameters used, andthe rationale for selection; assumptions shall include use of any administrative controls and any passive mitigation that were assumed to limit thequantity that could be released. Documentation shall include the anticipated effect of the controls and mitigation on the release quantity and rate.

(b) For alternative release scenarios,a description of the scenarios identified, assumptions and parameters used, and the rationale for the selection of specific scenarios; assumptions shallinclude use of any administrative controls and any mitigation that were assumed to limit the quantity that couldbe released. Documentation shall include the effect of the controls and mitigation on the release quantity and
rate.

(c) Documentation of estimatedquantity released, release rate, and duration of release.

(d) Methodology used to determine distance to endpoints.

(e) Data used to estimate populationand environmental receptors potentially affected. 

### § 68.48

§ 68.42 Five-year accident history.

(a) The owner or operator shall include in the five-year accident history all accidental releases from coveredprocesses that resulted in deaths, injuries, or significant property damage on site, or known offsite deaths, injuries,evacuations, sheltering in place, property damage, or environmental damage.

(b) Data required. For each accidental release included, the owner or operator shall report the following information:

(1) Date, time, and approximate duration of the release;

(2) Chemical(s) released; (3) Estimated quantity released in pounds and, for mixtures containing regulated toxic substances, percentage concentration by weight of the released regulated toxic substance in the liquid mixture;

(4) Five- or six-digit NAICS code thatmost closely corresponds to the process;

(5) The type of release event and its

source;

(6) Weather conditions, if known; (7) On-site impacts; (8) Known offsite impacts; (9) Initiating event and contributing factors if known;

(10) Whether offsite responders were notified if known; and

(11) Operational or process changes that resulted from investigation of the release.

(c) Level of accuracy. Numerical estimates may be provided to two significant digits.
[61 FR 31718, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 979, Jan. 6, 1999] 

### Subpart C—Program 2 Prevention Program

S OURCE : 61 FR 31721, June 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted.
§ 68.48 Safety information.

(a) The owner or operator shall compile and maintain the following up-todate safety information related to the regulated substances, processes, and equipment:

(1) Material Safety Data Sheets that meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(g);



### 11

### § 68.50

(2) Maximum intended inventory ofequipment in which the regulated substances are stored or processed;

(3) Safe upper and lower temperatures, pressures, flows, and compositions;

(4) Equipment specifications; and (5) Codes and standards used to design, build, and operate the process.

(b) The owner or operator shall ensure that the process is designed incompliance with recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices. Compliance with Federal or stateregulations that address industry-specific safe design or with industry-specific design codes and standards may be used to demonstrate compliance with this paragraph.

(c) The owner or operator shall update the safety information if a majorchange occurs that makes the information inaccurate.

§ 68.50 Hazard review.

(a) The owner or operator shall conduct a review of the hazards associated with the regulated substances, process,and procedures. The review shall identify the following:

(1) The hazards associated with the process and regulated substances;

(2) Opportunities for equipment malfunctions or human errors that could cause an accidental release;

(3) The safeguards used or needed tocontrol the hazards or prevent equipment malfunction or human error; and

(4) Any steps used or needed to detect or monitor releases.

(b) The owner or operator may usechecklists developed by persons or organizations knowledgeable about the process and equipment as a guide to conducting the review. For processes designed to meet industry standards orFederal or state design rules, the hazard review shall, by inspecting all equipment, determine whether theprocess is designed, fabricated, and operated in accordance with the applicable standards or rules.

(c) The owner or operator shall document the results of the review and ensure that problems identified are resolved in a timely manner.

(d) The review shall be updated at least once every five years. The owner or operator shall also conduct reviews 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

whenever a major change in the process occurs; all issues identified in the review shall be resolved before startup of the changed process.
§ 68.52 Operating procedures.

(a) The owner or operator shall prepare written operating procedures that provide clear instructions or steps for safely conducting activities associated with each covered process consistent with the safety information for thatprocess. Operating procedures or instructions provided by equipment manufacturers or developed by persons or organizations knowledgeable about the process and equipment may be used asa basis for a stationary source’s operating procedures.

(b) The procedures shall address the following:

(1) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations;

(5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that requires a hazard review;

(7) Consequences of deviations andsteps required to correct or avoid deviations; and

(8) Equipment inspections. (c) The owner or operator shall ensure that the operating procedures are updated, if necessary, whenever amajor change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process.
§ 68.54 Training.

(a) The owner or operator shall ensure that each employee presently operating a process, and each employee newly assigned to a covered process have been trained or tested competent in the operating procedures provided in § 68.52 that pertain to their duties. For those employees already operating a process on June 21, 1999, the owner or operator may certify in writing thatthe employee has the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safelycarry out the duties and responsibilities as provided in the operating procedures.

(b) Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least every three years, and more often if



### 12

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

necessary, to each employee operating a process to ensure that the employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of the process. The owner or operator, in consultationwith the employees operating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.

(c) The owner or operator may use training conducted under Federal orstate regulations or under industryspecific standards or codes or trainingconducted by covered process equipment vendors to demonstrate compliance with this section to the extentthat the training meets the requirements of this section.

(d) The owner or operator shall ensure that operators are trained in any updated or new procedures prior to startup of a process after a major change.

§ 68.56 Maintenance.

(a) The owner or operator shall prepare and implement procedures tomaintain the on-going mechanical integrity of the process equipment. The owner or operator may use procedures or instructions provided by coveredprocess equipment vendors or procedures in Federal or state regulations orindustry codes as the basis for stationary source maintenance procedures.

(b) The owner or operator shall train or cause to be trained each employee involved in maintaining the on-going mechanical integrity of the process. To ensure that the employee can perform the job tasks in a safe manner, each such employee shall be trained in the hazards of the process, in how to avoid or correct unsafe conditions, and in theprocedures applicable to the employee’s job tasks.

(c) Any maintenance contractor shall ensure that each contract maintenance employee is trained to perform the maintenance procedures developed under paragraph (a) of this section.

(d) The owner or operator shall perform or cause to be performed inspections and tests on process equipment. Inspection and testing procedures shallfollow recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices. The frequency of inspections and tests of process equipment shall be consistent with 

### § 68.60

applicable manufacturers’ recommendations, industry standards or codes, good engineering practices, and prior operating experience.
§ 68.58 Compliance audits.

(a) The owner or operator shall certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of this subpart at least every three years toverify that the procedures and practices developed under the rule are adequate and are being followed.

(b) The compliance audit shall be conducted by at least one person knowledgeable in the process.

(c) The owner or operator shall develop a report of the audit findings.

(d) The owner or operator shall promptly determine and document an appropriate response to each of the findings of the compliance audit and document that deficiencies have been corrected.

(e) The owner or operator shall retain the two (2) most recent compliance audit reports. This requirement doesnot apply to any compliance audit report that is more than five years old.
§ 68.60 Incident investigation.

(a) The owner or operator shall investigate each incident which resulted in, or could reasonably have resulted in a catastrophic release.

(b) An incident investigation shall be initiated as promptly as possible, but not later than 48 hours following the incident.

(c) A summary shall be prepared at the conclusion of the investigation which includes at a minimum:

(1) Date of incident; (2) Date investigation began; (3) A description of the incident; (4) The factors that contributed to the incident; and,

(5) Any recommendations resulting from the investigation.

(d) The owner or operator shallpromptly address and resolve the investigation findings and recommendations. Resolutions and corrective actions shall be documented.

(e) The findings shall be reviewed with all affected personnel whose job tasks are affected by the findings.

(f) Investigation summaries shall be retained for five years.



### 13

### § 68.65


### Subpart D—Program 3 Prevention Program

S OURCE : 61 FR 31722, June 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted.
§ 68.65 Process safety information.

(a) In accordance with the scheduleset forth in § 68.67, the owner or operator shall complete a compilation ofwritten process safety information before conducting any process hazardanalysis required by the rule. The compilation of written process safety information is to enable the owner or operator and the employees involved in operating the process to identify and understand the hazards posed by thoseprocesses involving regulated substances. This process safety information shall include information pertaining to the hazards of the regulated substances used or produced by the process, information pertaining to thetechnology of the process, and information pertaining to the equipment in the process.

(b) Information pertaining to the hazards of the regulated substances in the process. This information shall consist of at least the following:

(1) Toxicity information; (2) Permissible exposure limits; (3) Physical data; (4) Reactivity data: (5) Corrosivity data; (6) Thermal and chemical stability data; and

(7) Hazardous effects of inadvertent mixing of different materials that could foreseeably occur.

N OTE TO PARAGRAPH (b): Material Safety Data Sheets meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) may be used to comply with this requirement to the extent they containthe information required by this subparagraph.

(c) Information pertaining to the technology of the process.

(1) Information concerning the technology of the process shall include at least the following:

(i) A block flow diagram or simplified process flow diagram;

(ii) Process chemistry; (iii) Maximum intended inventory; (iv) Safe upper and lower limits for such items as temperatures, pressures, flows or compositions; and, 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

(v) An evaluation of the consequences of deviations.

(2) Where the original technical information no longer exists, such information may be developed in conjunction with the process hazard analysisin sufficient detail to support the analysis.

(d) Information pertaining to the equipment in the process.

(1) Information pertaining to the equipment in the process shall include:

(i) Materials of construction; (ii) Piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID’s);

(iii) Electrical classification; (iv) Relief system design and design basis;

(v) Ventilation system design; (vi) Design codes and standards employed;

(vii) Material and energy balances for processes built after June 21, 1999; and

(viii) Safety systems (e.g. interlocks, detection or suppression systems).

(2) The owner or operator shall document that equipment complies with recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices.

(3) For existing equipment designed and constructed in accordance with codes, standards, or practices that are no longer in general use, the owner or operator shall determine and documentthat the equipment is designed, maintained, inspected, tested, and operating in a safe manner.
§ 68.67 Process hazard analysis.

(a) The owner or operator shall perform an initial process hazard analysis(hazard evaluation) on processes covered by this part. The process hazard analysis shall be appropriate to the complexity of the process and shallidentify, evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. The owneror operator shall determine and document the priority order for conductingprocess hazard analyses based on a rationale which includes such considerations as extent of the process hazards,number of potentially affected employees, age of the process, and operatinghistory of the process. The process hazard analysis shall be conducted as soon as possible, but not later than June 21,1999. Process hazards analyses completed to comply with 29 CFR



### 14

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

1910.119(e) are acceptable as initial process hazards analyses. These process hazard analyses shall be updated and revalidated, based on their completion date.

(b) The owner or operator shall useone or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed.

(1) What-If; (2) Checklist; (3) What-If/Checklist; (4) Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP);

(5) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA);

(6) Fault Tree Analysis; or (7) An appropriate equivalent methodology.

(c) The process hazard analysis shall address:

(1) The hazards of the process; (2) The identification of any previous incident which had a likely potential for catastrophic consequences.

(3) Engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards andtheir interrelationships such as appropriate application of detection methodologies to provide early warning ofreleases. (Acceptable detection methods might include process monitoring and control instrumentation with alarms, and detection hardware such as hydrocarbon sensors.);

(4) Consequences of failure of engineering and administrative controls;

(5) Stationary source siting; (6) Human factors; and (7) A qualitative evaluation of a range of the possible safety and health effects of failure of controls.

(d) The process hazard analysis shall be performed by a team with expertise in engineering and process operations, and the team shall include at least one employee who has experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated. Also, one member of the team must be knowledgeable in thespecific process hazard analysis methodology being used.

(e) The owner or operator shall establish a system to promptly address the team’s findings and recommendations; assure that the recommendations are resolved in a timely manner and that the resolution is documented; docu­ 

### § 68.69

ment what actions are to be taken; complete actions as soon as possible; develop a written schedule of whenthese actions are to be completed; communicate the actions to operating, maintenance and other employees whose work assignments are in the process and who may be affected by the recommendations or actions.

(f) At least every five (5) years after the completion of the initial process hazard analysis, the process hazardanalysis shall be updated and revalidated by a team meeting the requirements in paragraph (d) of this section,to assure that the process hazard analysis is consistent with the currentprocess. Updated and revalidated process hazard analyses completed to comply with 29 CFR 1910.119(e) are acceptable to meet the requirements of this paragraph.

(g) The owner or operator shall retain process hazards analyses and updates or revalidations for each process covered by this section, as well as thedocumented resolution of recommendations described in paragraph (e) of this section for the life of the process.
§ 68.69 Operating procedures.

(a) The owner or operator shall develop and implement written operatingprocedures that provide clear instructions for safely conducting activitiesinvolved in each covered process consistent with the process safety information and shall address at least the following elements.

(1) Steps for each operating phase: (i) Initial startup; (ii) Normal operations; (iii) Temporary operations; (iv) Emergency shutdown including the conditions under which emergencyshutdown is required, and the assignment of shutdown responsibility to qualified operators to ensure that emergency shutdown is executed in a safe and timely manner.

(v) Emergency operations; (vi) Normal shutdown; and, (vii) Startup following a turnaround, or after an emergency shutdown.

(2) Operating limits: (i) Consequences of deviation; and (ii) Steps required to correct or avoid deviation.

(3) Safety and health considerations:



### 15

### § 68.71

(i) Properties of, and hazards presented by, the chemicals used in the process;

(ii) Precautions necessary to preventexposure, including engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment;

(iii) Control measures to be taken if physical contact or airborne exposure

occurs;

(iv) Quality control for raw materialsand control of hazardous chemical inventory levels; and,

(v) Any special or unique hazards. (4) Safety systems and their functions.

(b) Operating procedures shall be readily accessible to employees who work in or maintain a process.

(c) The operating procedures shall bereviewed as often as necessary to assure that they reflect current operating practice, including changes thatresult from changes in process chemicals, technology, and equipment, and changes to stationary sources. Theowner or operator shall certify annually that these operating procedures are current and accurate.

(d) The owner or operator shall develop and implement safe work practices to provide for the control of hazards during operations such as lockout/ tagout; confined space entry; openingprocess equipment or piping; and control over entrance into a stationary source by maintenance, contractor, laboratory, or other support personnel. These safe work practices shall applyto employees and contractor employees. § 68.71 Training.

(a) Initial training. (1) Each employeepresently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overviewof the process and in the operating procedures as specified in § 68.69. The training shall include emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards,emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee’s job tasks.

(2) In lieu of initial training for thoseemployees already involved in operating a process on June 21, 1999 anowner or operator may certify in writ

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

ing that the employee has the requiredknowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.

(b) Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least everythree years, and more often if necessary, to each employee involved in operating a process to assure that the employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of theprocess. The owner or operator, in consultation with the employees involvedin operating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.

(c) Training documentation. The owner or operator shall ascertain that eachemployee involved in operating a process has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The owner or operator shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the employee, the date of training, andthe means used to verify that the employee understood the training.
§ 68.73 Mechanical integrity.

(a) Application. Paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section apply to the following process equipment:

(1) Pressure vessels and storage tanks;

(2) Piping systems (including piping components such as valves);

(3) Relief and vent systems and devices;

(4) Emergency shutdown systems; (5) Controls (including monitoringdevices and sensors, alarms, and interlocks) and,

(6) Pumps. (b) Written procedures. The owner or operator shall establish and implementwritten procedures to maintain the ongoing integrity of process equipment.

(c) Training for process maintenance activities. The owner or operator shalltrain each employee involved in maintaining the on-going integrity of process equipment in an overview of thatprocess and its hazards and in the procedures applicable to the employee’s job tasks to assure that the employee can perform the job tasks in a safe

manner.



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### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

(d) Inspection and testing. (1) Inspections and tests shall be performed on process equipment.

(2) Inspection and testing procedures shall follow recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices.

(3) The frequency of inspections andtests of process equipment shall be consistent with applicable manufacturers’ recommendations and good engineeringpractices, and more frequently if determined to be necessary by prior operating experience.

(4) The owner or operator shall document each inspection and test that has been performed on process equipment. The documentation shall identify the date of the inspection or test, the nameof the person who performed the inspection or test, the serial number or other identifier of the equipment onwhich the inspection or test was performed, a description of the inspection or test performed, and the results of the inspection or test.

(e) Equipment deficiencies. The owner or operator shall correct deficiencies in equipment that are outside acceptablelimits (defined by the process safety information in § 68.65) before further use or in a safe and timely manner when necessary means are taken to assure safe operation.

(f) Quality assurance. (1) In the construction of new plants and equipment, the owner or operator shall assure thatequipment as it is fabricated is suitable for the process application for which they will be used.

(2) Appropriate checks and inspections shall be performed to assure that equipment is installed properly and consistent with design specifications and the manufacturer’s instructions.

(3) The owner or operator shall assure that maintenance materials, spare parts and equipment are suitable for the process application for which they will be used.
§ 68.75 Management of change.

(a) The owner or operator shall establish and implement written proceduresto manage changes (except for ‘‘replacements in kind’’) to process chemicals, technology, equipment, and procedures; and, changes to stationary sources that affect a covered process. 

### § 68.77

(b) The procedures shall assure thatthe following considerations are addressed prior to any change:

(1) The technical basis for the proposed change;

(2) Impact of change on safety and health;

(3) Modifications to operating procedures;

(4) Necessary time period for the change; and,

(5) Authorization requirements for the proposed change.

(c) Employees involved in operating a process and maintenance and contractemployees whose job tasks will be affected by a change in the process shall be informed of, and trained in, the change prior to start-up of the process or affected part of the process.

(d) If a change covered by this paragraph results in a change in the process safety information required by § 68.65 ofthis part, such information shall be updated accordingly.

(e) If a change covered by this paragraph results in a change in the operating procedures or practices required by § 68.69, such procedures or practices shall be updated accordingly.
§ 68.77 Pre-startup review.

(a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review fornew stationary sources and for modified stationary sources when the modification is significant enough to require a change in the process safety information.

(b) The pre-startup safety reviewshall confirm that prior to the introduction of regulated substances to a process:

(1) Construction and equipment is in accordance with design specifications;

(2) Safety, operating, maintenance, and emergency procedures are in place and are adequate;

(3) For new stationary sources, aprocess hazard analysis has been performed and recommendations have been resolved or implemented before startup; and modified stationarysources meet the requirements contained in management of change, §68.75.

(4) Training of each employee involved in operating a process has been completed.



### 17

### § 68.79

§ 68.79 Compliance audits.

(a) The owner or operator shall certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of this subpart at least every three years to verify that procedures and practicesdeveloped under this subpart are adequate and are being followed.

(b) The compliance audit shall be conducted by at least one person knowledgeable in the process.

(c) A report of the findings of the audit shall be developed.

(d) The owner or operator shall promptly determine and document an appropriate response to each of the findings of the compliance audit, and document that deficiencies have been corrected.

(e) The owner or operator shall retain the two (2) most recent compliance audit reports.

[61 FR 31722, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 979, Jan. 6, 1999]
§ 68.81 Incident investigation.

(a) The owner or operator shall investigate each incident which resulted in, or could reasonably have resulted in acatastrophic release of a regulated substance.

(b) An incident investigation shall be initiated as promptly as possible, but not later than 48 hours following the incident.

(c) An incident investigation team shall be established and consist of at least one person knowledgeable in the process involved, including a contract employee if the incident involved work of the contractor, and other personswith appropriate knowledge and experience to thoroughly investigate and analyze the incident.

(d) A report shall be prepared at the conclusion of the investigation which includes at a minimum:

(1) Date of incident; (2) Date investigation began; (3) A description of the incident; (4) The factors that contributed to the incident; and,

(5) Any recommendations resulting from the investigation.

(e) The owner or operator shall establish a system to promptly address and resolve the incident report findings and 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

recommendations. Resolutions and corrective actions shall be documented.

(f) The report shall be reviewed with all affected personnel whose job tasksare relevant to the incident findings including contract employees where applicable.

(g) Incident investigation reports shall be retained for five years.
§ 68.83 Employee participation.

(a) The owner or operator shall develop a written plan of action regarding the implementation of the employee participation required by this section.

(b) The owner or operator shall consult with employees and their representatives on the conduct and development of process hazards analyses andon the development of the other elements of process safety management in this rule.

(c) The owner or operator shall provide to employees and their representatives access to process hazard analyses and to all other information required to be developed under this rule.
§ 68.85 Hot work permit.

(a) The owner or operator shall issuea hot work permit for hot work operations conducted on or near a covered process.

(b) The permit shall document thatthe fire prevention and protection requirements in 29 CFR 1910.252(a) have been implemented prior to beginningthe hot work operations; it shall indicate the date(s) authorized for hot work; and identify the object on whichhot work is to be performed. The permit shall be kept on file until completion of the hot work operations.

§ 68.87 Contractors.

(a) Application. This section applies to contractors performing maintenanceor repair, turnaround, major renovation, or specialty work on or adjacent to a covered process. It does not apply to contractors providing incidental services which do not influence process safety, such as janitorial work, food and drink services, laundry, delivery or other supply services.

(b) Owner or operator responsibilities. (1) The owner or operator, when selecting a contractor, shall obtain and



### 18

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

evaluate information regarding the contract owner or operator’s safety performance and programs.

(2) The owner or operator shall inform contract owner or operator of the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to the contractor’s work and the process.

(3) The owner or operator shall explain to the contract owner or operator the applicable provisions of subpart E of this part.

(4) The owner or operator shall develop and implement safe work practices consistent with § 68.69(d), to control the entrance, presence, and exit of the contract owner or operator and contract employees in covered process

areas.

(5) The owner or operator shall periodically evaluate the performance ofthe contract owner or operator in fulfilling their obligations as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) Contract owner or operator responsibilities. (1) The contract owner or operator shall assure that each contractemployee is trained in the work practices necessary to safely perform his/ her job.

(2) The contract owner or operatorshall assure that each contract employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.

(3) The contract owner or operatorshall document that each contract employee has received and understood the training required by this section. Thecontract owner or operator shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.

(4) The contract owner or operatorshall assure that each contract employee follows the safety rules of the stationary source including the safe work practices required by § 68.69(d).

(5) The contract owner or operator shall advise the owner or operator of any unique hazards presented by the contract owner or operator’s work, or of any hazards found by the contract owner or operator’s work. 

### § 68.95


### Subpart E—Emergency Response

S OURCE : 61 FR 31725, June 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted. § 68.90 Applicability.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the owner or operator of a stationary source with Program 2 and Program 3 processes shall comply with the requirements of § 68.95.

(b) The owner or operator of stationary source whose employees will not respond to accidental releases of regulated substances need not comply with § 68.95 of this part provided that they meet the following:

(1) For stationary sources with any regulated toxic substance held in a process above the threshold quantity, the stationary source is included in the community emergency response plan developed under 42 U.S.C. 11003;

(2) For stationary sources with only regulated flammable substances held in a process above the threshold quantity, the owner or operator has coordinatedresponse actions with the local fire department; and

(3) Appropriate mechanisms are in place to notify emergency responders when there is a need for a response.
§ 68.95 Emergency response program.

(a) The owner or operator shall develop and implement an emergency response program for the purpose of protecting public health and the environment. Such program shall include the following elements:

(1) An emergency response plan,which shall be maintained at the stationary source and contain at least the following elements:

(i) Procedures for informing the public and local emergency response agencies about accidental releases;

(ii) Documentation of proper first-aidand emergency medical treatment necessary to treat accidental human exposures; and

(iii) Procedures and measures for emergency response after an accidental release of a regulated substance;

(2) Procedures for the use of emergency response equipment and for its inspection, testing, and maintenance;

(3) Training for all employees in relevant procedures; and



### 19

### § 68.100

(4) Procedures to review and update, as appropriate, the emergency responseplan to reflect changes at the stationary source and ensure that employees are informed of changes.

(b) A written plan that complies withother Federal contingency plan regulations or is consistent with the approach in the National Response Team’s Integrated Contingency Plan Guidance (‘‘One Plan’’) and that,among other matters, includes the elements provided in paragraph (a) of this section, shall satisfy the requirements of this section if the owner or operator also complies with paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) The emergency response plan developed under paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be coordinated with the community emergency response plan developed under 42 U.S.C. 11003. Uponrequest of the local emergency planning committee or emergency response officials, the owner or operator shallpromptly provide to the local emergency response officials informationnecessary for developing and implementing the community emergency response plan.


### Subpart F—Regulated Substances for Accidental Release Prevention

S OURCE : 59 FR 4493, Jan. 31, 1994, unless otherwise noted. Redesignated at 61 FR 31717, June 20, 1996.
§ 68.100 Purpose.

This subpart designates substances to be listed under section 112(r)(3), (4),and (5) of the Clean Air Act, as amended, identifies their threshold quantities, and establishes the requirementsfor petitioning to add or delete substances from the list.

§ 68.115 Threshold determination.

(a) A threshold quantity of a regulated substance listed in § 68.130 is present at a stationary source if thetotal quantity of the regulated substance contained in a process exceeds the threshold.

(b) For the purposes of determiningwhether more than a threshold quantity of a regulated substance is present at the stationary source, the following exemptions apply: 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

(1) Concentrations of a regulated toxic substance in a mixture. If a regulated substance is present in a mixture and the concentration of the substance is below one percent by weight of the mixture, the amount of the substance in the mixture need not be considered when determining whether more than a threshold quantity is present at the stationary source. Except for oleum, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, toluene 2,6­ diisocyanate, and toluene diisocyanate(unspecified isomer), if the concentration of the regulated substance in the mixture is one percent or greater by weight, but the owner or operator can demonstrate that the partial pressureof the regulated substance in the mixture (solution) under handling or storage conditions in any portion of the process is less than 10 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), the amount of thesubstance in the mixture in that portion of the process need not be considered when determining whether more than a threshold quantity is present atthe stationary source. The owner or operator shall document this partial pressure measurement or estimate.

(2) Concentrations of a regulated flammable substance in a mixture. (i) General provision. If a regulated substance ispresent in a mixture and the concentration of the substance is below one percent by weight of the mixture, the mixture need not be considered when determining whether more than a threshold quantity of the regulated substance is present at the stationarysource. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) (ii) and (iii) of this section, if the concentration of the substance is one percent or greater by weight of themixture, then, for purposes of determining whether a threshold quantity is present at the stationary source, the entire weight of the mixture shall betreated as the regulated substance unless the owner or operator can demonstrate that the mixture itself does not have a National Fire ProtectionAssociation flammability hazard rating of 4. The demonstration shall be inaccordance with the definition of flammability hazard rating 4 in the NFPA704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA,



### 20

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

1996. Available from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269– 9101. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at the Environmental Protection Agency Air Docket (6102), Attn: Docket No. A–96–O8, Waterside Mall, 401 M. St. SW., Washington DC; or at the Office of Federal Register at 800 North Capitol St., NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC. Boiling point andflash point shall be defined and determined in accordance with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible LiquidsCode, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1996. Availablefrom the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269–9101. This incorporationby reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at the Environmental Protection Agency Air Docket (6102), Attn: Docket No. A–96– O8, Waterside Mall, 401 M. St. SW.,Washington DC; or at the Office of Federal Register at 800 North Capitol St., NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. The owner or operator shall document the National Fire Protection Association flammability hazard rating.

(ii) Gasoline. Regulated substances ingasoline, when in distribution or related storage for use as fuel for internal combustion engines, need not be considered when determining whether more than a threshold quantity is present at a stationary source.

(iii) Naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures. Prior to entry into a naturalgas processing plant or a petroleum refining process unit, regulated substances in naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures need not be considered when determining whether more than athreshold quantity is present at a stationary source. Naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures include anycombination of the following: condensate, crude oil, field gas, and produced water, each as defined in § 68.3 of this part.

(3) Articles. Regulated substances contained in articles need not be considered when determining whether more 

### § 68.120

than a threshold quantity is present at the stationary source.

(4) Uses. Regulated substances, when in use for the following purposes, need not be included in determining whether more than a threshold quantity is present at the stationary source:

(i) Use as a structural component of the stationary source;

(ii) Use of products for routine janitorial maintenance;

(iii) Use by employees of foods, drugs,cosmetics, or other personal items containing the regulated substance; and

(iv) Use of regulated substances present in process water or non-contactcooling water as drawn from the environment or municipal sources, or use of regulated substances present in air used either as compressed air or as part of combustion.

(5) Activities in laboratories. If a regulated substance is manufactured, processed, or used in a laboratory at a stationary source under the supervision ofa technically qualified individual as defined in § 720.3(ee) of this chapter, the quantity of the substance need not be considered in determining whether athreshold quantity is present. This exemption does not apply to:

(i) Specialty chemical production; (ii) Manufacture, processing, or useof substances in pilot plant scale operations; and

(iii) Activities conducted outside the laboratory.
[59 FR 4493, Jan. 31, 1994. Redesignated at 61 FR 31717, June 20, 1996, as amended at 63 FR 645, Jan. 6, 1998]
§ 68.120 Petition process.

(a) Any person may petition the Administrator to modify, by addition ordeletion, the list of regulated substances identified in § 68.130. Based onthe information presented by the petitioner, the Administrator may grant or deny a petition.

(b) A substance may be added to thelist if, in the case of an accidental release, it is known to cause or may be reasonably anticipated to cause death, injury, or serious adverse effects to human health or the environment.

(c) A substance may be deleted from the list if adequate data on the healthand environmental effects of the substance are available to determine that



### 21

### § 68.125

the substance, in the case of an accidental release, is not known to cause and may not be reasonably anticipatedto cause death, injury, or serious adverse effects to human health or the environment.

(d) No substance for which a national primary ambient air quality standard has been established shall be added to the list. No substance regulated undertitle VI of the Clean Air Act, as amended, shall be added to the list.

(e) The burden of proof is on the petitioner to demonstrate that the criteriafor addition and deletion are met. A petition will be denied if this demonstration is not made.

(f) The Administrator will not acceptadditional petitions on the same substance following publication of a final notice of the decision to grant or deny a petition, unless new data becomesavailable that could significantly affect the basis for the decision.

(g) Petitions to modify the list of regulated substances must contain the following:

(1) Name and address of the petitioner and a brief description of the organization(s) that the petitioner represents, if applicable;

(2) Name, address, and telephonenumber of a contact person for the petition;

(3) Common chemical name(s), common synonym(s), Chemical Abstracts Service number, and chemical formula and structure;

(4) Action requested (add or delete a substance);

(5) Rationale supporting the petitioner’s position; that is, how the substance meets the criteria for addition and deletion. A short summary of the rationale must be submitted along with a more detailed narrative; and

(6) Supporting data; that is, the petition must include sufficient information to scientifically support the request to modify the list. Such information shall include:

(i) A list of all support documents; (ii) Documentation of literature searches conducted, including, but notlimited to, identification of the database(s) searched, the search strategy, dates covered, and printed results;

(iii) Effects data (animal, human, and environmental test data) indicating 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

the potential for death, injury, or serious adverse human and environmental impacts from acute exposure following an accidental release; printed copies of the data sources, in English, should be provided; and

(iv) Exposure data or previous accident history data, indicating the potential for serious adverse human health or environmental effects from an accidental release. These data mayinclude, but are not limited to, physical and chemical properties of the substance, such as vapor pressure; modeling results, including data and assumptions used and model documentation; and historical accident data, citing data sources.

(h) Within 18 months of receipt of apetition, the Administrator shall publish in the F EDERAL R EGISTER a notice either denying the petition or granting the petition and proposing a listing.
§ 68.125 Exemptions.

Agricultural nutrients. Ammonia used as an agricultural nutrient, when heldby farmers, is exempt from all provisions of this part.

§ 68.130 List of substances.

(a) Regulated toxic and flammable substances under section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act are the substances listedin Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4. Threshold quantities for listed toxic and flammable substances are specified in the tables.

(b) The basis for placing toxic and flammable substances on the list of regulated substances are explained in the notes to the list.

T ABLE 1 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED

T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UAN

TITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION [Alphabetical Order—77 Substances]

Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Acrolein [2­ 107–02–8 5,000 b

Propenal]. Acrylonitrile [2­ 107–13–1 20,000 b

Propenenitrile]. Acrylyl chloride 814–68–6 5,000 b

[2-Propenoyl chloride]. Allyl alcohol [2­ 107–18–61 15,000 b

Propen-l-ol]. Allylamine [2­ 107–11–9 10,000 b

Propen-lamine].



### 22

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA § 68.130

T ABLE 1 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED T ABLE 1 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED

T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UAN - T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UAN

TITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVEN

- TITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVEN

TION —Continued TION —Continued [Alphabetical Order—77 Substances] [Alphabetical Order—77 Substances]

Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Ammonia (anhy­ 7664–41–7 10,000 a, b

drous). Ammonia (conc 7664–41–7 20,000 a, b

20% or greater). Arsenous tri­ 7784–34–1 15,000 b

chloride. Arsine ................. 7784–42–1 1,000 b Boron trichloride 10294–34–5 5,000 b

[Borane, trichloro-]. Boron trifluoride 7637–07–2 5,000 b

[Borane, trifluoro-]. Boron trifluoride 353–42–4 15,000 b

compound with methyl ether (1:1) [Boron, trifluoro [oxybis [metane]]-, T-4-. Bromine .............. 7726–95–6 10,000 a, b Carbon disulfide 75–15–0 20,000 b Chlorine .............. 7782–50–5 2,500 a, b Chlorine dioxide 10049–04–4 1,000 c

[Chlorine oxide (ClO2)]. Chloroform 67–66–3 20,000 b

[Methane, trichloro-]. Chloromethyl 542–88–1 1,000 b

ether [Methane, oxybis[chloro-]. Chloromethyl 107–30–2 5,000 b

methyl ether [Methane, chloromethoxy­ ]. Crotonaldehyde 4170–30–3 20,000 b

[2-Butenal]. Crotonaldehyde, 123–73–9 20,000 b

(E)- [2-Butenal, (E)-]. Cyanogen chlo­ 506–77–4 10,000 c

ride. Cyclohexylamine 108–91–8 15,000 b

[Cyclohexanamine]. Diborane ............. 19287–45–7 2,500 b Dimethyldichloro­ 75–78–5 5,000 b

silane [Silane,dichlorodimethyl-]. 1,1­ 57–14–7 15,000 b

Dimethylhydrazine [Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-]. Epichlorohydrin 106–89–8 20,000 b

[Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-]. Ethylenediamine 107–15–3 20,000 b

[1,2­ Ethanediamine]. Ethyleneimine 151–56–4 10,000 b

[Aziridine]. Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Ethylene oxide 75–21–8 10,000 a, b

[Oxirane]. Fluorine .............. 7782–41–4 1,000 b Formaldehyde 50–00–0 15,000 b

(solution). Furan .................. 110–00–9 5,000 b Hydrazine ........... 302–01–2 15,000 b Hydrochloric acid 7647–01–0 15,000 d

(conc 37% or greater). Hydrocyanic acid 74–90–8 2,500 a, b Hydrogen chlo­ 7647–01–0 5,000 a

ride (anhydrous) [Hydrochloric acid]. Hydrogen fluo­ 7664–39–3 1,000 a, b

ride/ Hydrofluoric acid (conc 50% or greater) [Hydrofluoric acid]. Hydrogen sele­ 7783–07–5 500 b

nide. Hydrogen sulfide 7783–06–4 10,000 a, b Iron, 13463–40–6 2,500 b

pentacarbonyl­ [Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5), (TB-5-11)-]. Isobutyronitrile 78–82–0 20,000 b

[Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-]. Isopropyl 108–23–6 15,000 b

chloroformate[Carbonochloridic acid, 1­ methylethyl ester]. Methacrylonitrile 126–98–7 10,000 b

[2­ Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-]. Methyl chloride 74–87–3 10,000 a

[Methane, chloro-]. Methyl 79–22–1 5,000 b

chloroformate[Carbonochloridic acid, methylester]. Methyl hydrazine 60–34–4 15,000 b

[Hydrazine, methyl-]. Methyl isocyanate 624–83–9 10,000 a, b

[Methane, isocyanato-]. Methyl mercaptan 74–93–1 10,000 b

[Methanethiol]. Methyl 556–64–9 20,000 b

thiocyanate [Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester].



### 23

### § 68.130 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

T ABLE 1 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED T ABLE 1 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED

T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UAN - T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UAN

TITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVEN

- TITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVEN

TION —Continued TION —Continued [Alphabetical Order—77 Substances] [Alphabetical Order—77 Substances]

Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Methyltrichlorosil­ 75–79–6 5,000 b

ane [Silane, trichloromethyl­ ]. Nickel carbonyl ... 13463–39–3 1,000 b Nitric acid (conc 7697–37–2 15,000 b

80% or greater). Nitric oxide [Nitro­ 10102–43–9 10,000 b

gen oxide (NO)]. Oleum (Fuming 8014–95–7 10,000 e

Sulfuric acid) [Sulfuric acid, mixture with sulfur trioxide] 1

. Peracetic acid 79–21–0 10,000 b

[Ethaneperoxoic acid]. Perchloromethyl­ 594–42–3 10,000 b

mercaptan[Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-]. Phosgene [Car­ 75–44–5 500 a, b

bonic dichloride]. Phosphine .......... 7803–51–2 5,000 b Phosphorus 10025–87–3 5,000 b

oxychloride [Phosphoryl chloride]. Phosphorus tri­ 7719–12–2 15,000 b

chloride [Phosphorous trichloride]. Piperidine ........... 110–89–4 15,000 b Propionitrile 107–12–0 10,000 b

[Propanenitrile]. Propyl 109–61–5 15,000 b

chloroformate[Carbonochloridic acid, propylester]. Propyleneimine 75–55–8 10,000 b

[Aziridine, 2­ methyl-]. Propylene oxide 75–56–9 10,000 b

[Oxirane, methyl-]. Sulfur dioxide 7446–09–5 5,000 a, b

(anhydrous). Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Sulfur tetra­ 7783–60–0 2,500 b

fluoride [Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-]. Sulfur trioxide ..... 7446–11–9 10,000 a, b Tetramethyllead 75–74–1 10,000 b

[Plumbane, tetramethyl-]. Tetranitro­ 509–14–8 10,000 b

methane [Methane, tetranitro-]. Titanium tetra­ 7550–45–0 2,500 b

chloride [Titanium chloride (TiCl4) (T-4)-]. Toluene 2,4­ 584–84–9 10,000 a

diisocyanate [Benzene, 2,4­ diisocyanato-1­ methyl-] 1

. Toluene 2,6­ 91–08–7 10,000 a

diisocyanate [Benzene, 1,3­ diisocyanato-2­ methyl-] 1

. Toluene 26471–62–5 10,000 a

diisocyanate (unspecifiedisomer) [Benzene, 1,3­diisocyanatomethyl-] 1

. Trimethylchlorosi­ 75–77–4 10,000 b

lane [Silane, chlorotrimethyl­ ]. Vinyl acetate 108–05–4 15,000 b

monomer [Acetic acid ethenyl ester].

1 The mixture exemption in § 68.115(b)(1) does not apply to the substance.

N OTE : Basis for Listing: a Mandated for listing by Congress. b On EHS list, vapor pressure 10 mmHg or greater. c Toxic gas.d Toxicity of hydrogen chloride, potential to release hydrogen chloride, and history of accidents.

e Toxicity of sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid, potential to release sulfur trioxide, and history of accidents.

T ABLE 2 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION

[CAS Number Order—77 Substances]

CAS No. Chemical name Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

50–00–0 ..................... 57–14–7 ..................... 60–34–4 ..................... 67–66–3 ..................... 74–87–3 ..................... Formaldehyde (solution) .................................................................................... 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine [Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-] ............................................. Methyl hydrazine [Hydrazine, methyl-] ............................................................... Chloroform [Methane, trichloro-] ........................................................................ Methyl chloride [Methane, chloro-] .................................................................... 15,000 15,000 15,000 20,000 10,000 b b b b

a



### 24

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA § 68.130

T ABLE 2 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION —Continued [CAS Number Order—77 Substances]

CAS No. Chemical name Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

74–90–8 ..................... 74–93–1 ..................... 75–15–0 ..................... 75–21–8 ..................... 75–44–5 ..................... 75–55–8 ..................... 75–56–9 ..................... 75–74–1 ..................... 75–77–4 ..................... 75–78–5 ..................... 75–79–6 ..................... 78–82–0 ..................... 79–21–0 ..................... 79–22–1 ..................... 91–08–7 ..................... 106–89–8 ................... 107–02–8 ................... 107–11–9 ................... 107–12–0 ................... 107–13–1 ................... 107–15–3 ................... 107–18–6 ................... 107–30–2 ................... 108–05–4 ................... 108–23–6 ................... 108–91–8 ................... 109–61–5 ................... 110–00–9 ................... 110–89–4 ................... 123–73–9 ................... 126–98–7 ................... 151–56–4 ................... 302–01–2 ................... 353–42–4 ...................

506–77–4 ................... 509–14–8 ................... 542–88–1 ................... 556–64–9 ................... 584–84–9 ................... 594–42–3 ................... 624–83–9 ................... 814–68–6 ................... 4170–30–3 ................. 7446–09–5 ................. 7446–11–9 ................. 7550–45–0 ................. 7637–07–2 ................. 7647–01–0 ................. 7647–01–0 ................. 7664–39–3 ................. 7664–41–7 ................. 7664–41–7 ................. 7697–37–2 ................. 7719–12–2 ................. 7726–95–6 ................. 7782–41–4 ................. 7782–50–5 ................. 7783–06–4 ................. 7783–07–5 ................. 7783–60–0 ................. 7784–34–1 ................. 7784–42–1 ................. 7803–51–2 ................. 8014–95–7 ................. 10025–87–3 ............... 10049–04–4 ............... 10102–43–9 ............... Hydrocyanic acid ................................................................................................ Methyl mercaptan [Methanethiol] ....................................................................... Carbon disulfide ................................................................................................. Ethylene oxide [Oxirane] .................................................................................... Phosgene [Carbonic dichloride] ......................................................................... Propyleneimine [Aziridine, 2-methyl-] ................................................................ Propylene oxide [Oxirane, methyl-] ................................................................... Tetramethyllead [Plumbane, tetramethyl-] ......................................................... Trimethylchlorosilane [Silane, chlorotrimethyl-] ................................................. Dimethyldichlorosilane [Silane, dichlorodimethyl-] ............................................. Methyltrichlorosilane [Silane, trichloromethyl-] ................................................... Isobutyronitrile [Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-] ......................................................... Peracetic acid [Ethaneperoxoic acid] ................................................................ Methyl chloroformate [Carbonochloridic acid, methylester] ............................... Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate [Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methyl-] 1

................... Epichlorohydrin [Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-] ......................................................... Acrolein [2-Propenal] ......................................................................................... Allylamine [2-Propen-1-amine] ........................................................................... Propionitrile [Propanenitrile] ............................................................................... Acrylonitrile [2-Propenenitrile] ............................................................................ Ethylenediamine [1,2-Ethanediamine] ............................................................... Allyl alcohol [2-Propen-1-ol] ............................................................................... Chloromethyl methyl ether [Methane, chloromethoxy-] ..................................... Vinyl acetate monomer [Acetic acid ethenyl ester] ........................................... Isopropyl chloroformate [Carbonochloridic acid, 1-methylethyl ester] ............... Cyclohexylamine [Cyclohexanamine] ................................................................ Propyl chloroformate [Carbonochloridic acid, propylester] ................................ Furan .................................................................................................................. Piperidine ........................................................................................................... Crotonaldehyde, (E)- [2-Butenal, (E)-] ............................................................... Methacrylonitrile [2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-] ................................................... Ethyleneimine [Aziridine] .................................................................................... Hydrazine ........................................................................................................... Boron trifluoride compound with methyl ether (1:1) [Boron,

trifluoro[oxybis[methane]]-, T-4-. Cyanogen chloride ............................................................................................. Tetranitromethane [Methane, tetranitro-] ........................................................... Chloromethyl ether [Methane, oxybis[chloro-] ................................................... Methyl thiocyanate [Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester] ........................................... Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate [Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl-] 1

................... Perchloromethylmercaptan [Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-] ..................... Methyl isocyanate [Methane, isocyanato-] ........................................................ Acrylyl chloride [2-Propenoyl chloride] ............................................................... Crotonaldehyde [2-Butenal] ............................................................................... Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) ................................................................................. Sulfur trioxide ..................................................................................................... Titanium tetrachloride [Titanium chloride (TiCl4) (T-4)-] .................................... Boron trifluoride [Borane, trifluoro-] .................................................................... Hydrochloric acid (conc 37% or greater) ........................................................... Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) [Hydrochloric acid] ........................................... Hydrogen fluoride/Hydrofluoric acid (conc 50% or greater) [Hydrofluoric acid] Ammonia (anhydrous) ........................................................................................ Ammonia (conc 20% or greater) ....................................................................... Nitric acid (conc 80% or greater) ....................................................................... Phosphorus trichloride [Phosphorous trichloride] .............................................. Bromine .............................................................................................................. Fluorine .............................................................................................................. Chlorine .............................................................................................................. Hydrogen sulfide ................................................................................................ Hydrogen selenide ............................................................................................. Sulfur tetrafluoride [Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-] ............................................... Arsenous trichloride ........................................................................................... Arsine ................................................................................................................. Phosphine .......................................................................................................... Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) [Sulfuric acid, mixture with sulfur trioxide] 1

....... Phosphorus oxychloride [Phosphoryl chloride] .................................................. Chlorine dioxide [Chlorine oxide (ClO 2 )] ............................................................ Nitric oxide [Nitrogen oxide (NO)] ...................................................................... 2,500 10,000 20,000 10,000

500 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,00 0 5,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 5,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 15,000 15,000

10,000 10,000 1,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 20,000 5,000 10,000 2,500 5,000 15,000 5,000 1,000 10,000 20,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 1,000 2,500 10,000

500 2,500 15,000 1,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 10,000 a, b b b a, b a, b b b b b b b b b b

a b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b

c b b b

a b a, b b b a, b a, b b b d

a a, b a, b a, b b b a, b b a, b a, b b b b b b

e b

c b



### 25

### § 68.130 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

T ABLE 2 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED T OXIC S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION —Continued [CAS Number Order—77 Substances]

CAS No. Chemical name Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

10294–34–5 ............... 13463–39–3 ............... 13463–40–6 ............... 19287–45–7 ............... 26471–62–5 ............... Boron trichloride [Borane, trichloro-] .................................................................. Nickel carbonyl ................................................................................................... Iron, pentacarbonyl- [Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO) 5 ), (TB-5-11)-] ............................... Diborane .............................................................................................................Toluene diisocyanate (unspecified isomer) [Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl1] 1

. 5,000 1,000 2,500 2,500 10,000 b b b b

a

1 The mixture exemption in § 68.115(b)(1) does not apply to the substance. N OTE : Basis for Listing: a Mandated for listing by Congress. b On EHS list, vapor pressure 10 mmHg or greater. c Toxic gas. d Toxicity of hydrogen chloride, potential to release hydrogen chloride, and history of accidents. e Toxicity of sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid, potential to release sulfur trioxide, and history of accidents.

T ABLE 3 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED F LAMMABLE S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION [Alphabetical Order—63 Substances]

Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Acetaldehyde .................................................................................................................. Acetylene [Ethyne] ......................................................................................................... Bromotrifluorethylene [Ethene, bromotrifluoro-] ............................................................. 1,3-Butadiene ................................................................................................................. Butane ............................................................................................................................ 1-Butene ......................................................................................................................... 2-Butene ......................................................................................................................... Butene ............................................................................................................................ 2-Butene-cis ................................................................................................................... 2-Butene-trans [2-Butene, (E)] ....................................................................................... Carbon oxysulfide [Carbon oxide sulfide (COS)] ........................................................... Chlorine monoxide [Chlorine oxide] ............................................................................... 2-Chloropropylene [1-Propene, 2-chloro-] ..................................................................... 1-Chloropropylene [1-Propene, 1-chloro-] ..................................................................... Cyanogen [Ethanedinitrile] ............................................................................................. Cyclopropane ................................................................................................................. Dichlorosilane [Silane, dichloro-] .................................................................................... Difluoroethane [Ethane, 1,1-difluoro-] ............................................................................ Dimethylamine [Methanamine, N-methyl-] ..................................................................... 2,2-Dimethylpropane [Propane, 2,2-dimethyl-] .............................................................. Ethane ............................................................................................................................ Ethyl acetylene [1-Butyne] ............................................................................................. Ethylamine [Ethanamine] ............................................................................................... Ethyl chloride [Ethane, chloro-] ...................................................................................... Ethylene [Ethene] ........................................................................................................... Ethyl ether [Ethane, 1,1’-oxybis-] ................................................................................... Ethyl mercaptan [Ethanethiol] ........................................................................................ Ethyl nitrite [Nitrous acid, ethyl ester] ............................................................................ Hydrogen ........................................................................................................................ Isobutane [Propane, 2-methyl] ....................................................................................... Isopentane [Butane, 2-methyl-] ...................................................................................... Isoprene [1,3-Butadinene, 2-methyl-] ............................................................................. Isopropylamine [2-Propanamine] ................................................................................... Isopropyl chloride [Propane, 2-chloro-] .......................................................................... Methane ......................................................................................................................... Methylamine [Methanamine] .......................................................................................... 3-Methyl-1-butene .......................................................................................................... 2-Methyl-1-butene .......................................................................................................... Methyl ether [Methane, oxybis-] ..................................................................................... Methyl formate [Formic acid, methyl ester] ................................................................... 2-Methylpropene [1-Propene, 2-methyl-] ....................................................................... 1,3-Pentadinene ............................................................................................................. Pentane .......................................................................................................................... 1-Pentene ....................................................................................................................... 2-Pentene, (E)- ............................................................................................................... 2-Pentene, (Z)- ............................................................................................................... 75–07–0 74–86–2 598–73–2 106–99–0 106–97–8 106–98–9 107–01–7 25167–67–3

590–18–1 624–64–6 463–58–1 7791–21–1 557–98–2 590–21–6 460–19–5 75–19–4 4109–96–0

75–37–6 124–40–3 463–82–1 74–84–0 107–00–6 75–04–7 75–00–3 74–85–1 60–29–7 75–08–1 109–95–5 1333–74–0

75–28–5 78–78–4 78–79–5 75–31–0 75–29–6 74–82–8 74–89–5 563–45–1 563–46–2 115–10–6 107–31–3 115–11–7 504–60–9 109–66–0 109–67–1 646–04–8 627–20–3 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,00 0 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,00 0 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 g f f f f f f f f f f f g g f f f f f f f f f f f g g f f f g g g g f f f g f g f f g g g g



### 26

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA § 68.130

T ABLE 3 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED F LAMMABLE S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION —Continued [Alphabetical Order—63 Substances]

Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

Propadiene [1,2-Propadiene] ......................................................................................... Propane .......................................................................................................................... Propylene [1-Propene] ................................................................................................... Propyne [1-Propyne] ...................................................................................................... Silane ............................................................................................................................. Tetrafluoroethylene [Ethene, tetrafluoro-] ...................................................................... Tetramethylsilane [Silane, tetramethyl-] ......................................................................... Trichlorosilane [Silane, trichloro-] ................................................................................... Trifluorochloroethylene [Ethene, chlorotrifluoro-] ........................................................... Trimethylamine [Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-] .............................................................. Vinyl acetylene [1-Buten-3-yne] ..................................................................................... Vinyl chloride [Ethene, chloro-] ...................................................................................... Vinyl ethyl ether [Ethene, ethoxy-] ................................................................................. Vinyl fluoride [Ethene, fluoro-] ........................................................................................ Vinylidene chloride [Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-] .................................................................... Vinylidene fluoride [Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-] ...................................................................... Vinyl methyl ether [Ethene, methoxy-] ........................................................................... 463–49–0 74–98–6 115–07–1 74–99–7 7803–62–5 116–14–3 75–76–3 10025–78–2

79–38–9 75–50–3 689–97–4 75–01–4 109–92–2 75–02–5 75–35–4 75–38–7 107–25–5 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 f f f f f f g g f f f a, f g f g f f

N OTE : Basis for Listing: a Mandated for listing by Congress. f Flammable gas. g Volatile flammable liquid.

T ABLE 4 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED F LAMMABLE S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION [CAS Number Order—63 Substances]

CAS No. Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

60–29–7 ..................... 74–82–8 ..................... 74–84–0 ..................... 74–85–1 ..................... 74–86–2 ..................... 74–89–5 ..................... 74–98–6 ..................... 74–99–7 ..................... 75–00–3 ..................... 75–01–4 ..................... 75–02–5 ..................... 75–04–7 ..................... 75–07–0 ..................... 75–08–1 ..................... 75–19–4 ..................... 75–28–5 ..................... 75–29–6 ..................... 75–31–0 ..................... 75–35–4 ..................... 75–37–6 ..................... 75–38–7 ..................... 75–50–3 ..................... 75–76–3 ..................... 78–78–4 ..................... 78–79–5 ..................... 79–38–9 ..................... 106–97–8 ................... 106–98–9 ................... 196–99–0 ................... 107–00–6 ................... 107–01–7 ................... 107–25–5 ................... 107–31–3 ................... 109–66–0 ................... 109–67–1 ................... 109–92–2 ................... 109–95–5 ................... Ethyl ether [Ethane, 1,1 ′ -oxybis-] .......................................... Methane ................................................................................. Ethane ................................................................................... Ethylene [Ethene] .................................................................. Acetylene [Ethyne] ................................................................ Methylamine [Methanamine] ................................................. Propane ................................................................................. Propyne [1-Propyne] ............................................................. Ethyl chloride [Ethane, chloro-] ............................................. Vinyl chloride [Ethene, chloro-] ............................................. Vinyl fluoride [Ethene, fluoro-] ............................................... Ethylamine [Ethanamine] ...................................................... Acetaldehyde ......................................................................... Ethyl mercaptan [Ethanethiol] ............................................... Cyclopropane ........................................................................ Isobutane [Propane, 2-methyl] .............................................. Isopropyl chloride [Propane, 2-chloro-] ................................. Isopropylamine [2-Propanamine] .......................................... Vinylidene chloride [Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-] ........................... Difluoroethane [Ethane, 1,1-difluoro-] ................................... Vinylidene fluoride [Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-] ............................. Trimethylamine [Methanamine, N, N-dimethyl-] .................... Tetramethylsilane [Silane, tetramethyl-] ................................ Isopentane [Butane, 2-methyl-] ............................................. Isoprene [1,3,-Butadiene, 2-methyl-] ..................................... Trifluorochloroethylene [Ethene, chlorotrifluoro-] .................. Butane ................................................................................... 1-Butene ................................................................................ 1,3-Butadiene ........................................................................ Ethyl acetylene [1-Butyne] .................................................... 2-Butene ................................................................................ Vinyl methyl ether [Ethene, methoxy-] .................................. Methyl formate [Formic acid, methyl ester] ........................... Pentane ................................................................................. 1-Pentene .............................................................................. Vinyl ethyl ether [Ethene, ethoxy-] ........................................ Ethyl nitrite [Nitrous acid, ethyl ester] ................................... 60–29–7 74–82–8 74–84–0 74–85–1 74–86–2 74–89–5 74–98–6 74–99–7 75–00–3 75–01–4 75–02–5 75–04–7 75–07–0 75–08–1 75–19–4 75–28–5 75–29–6 75–31–0 75–35–4 75–37–6 75–38–7 75–50–3 75–76–3 78–78–4 78–79–5 79–38–9 106–97–8 106–98–9 106–99–0 107–00–6 107–01–7 107–25–5 107–31–3 109–66–0 109–67–1 109–92–2 109–95–5 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,00 0 10,000 10,000 g f f f f f f f f a, f f f g g f f g g g f f f g g g f f f f f f f g g g g f



### 27

### § 68.150 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

T ABLE 4 TO § 68.130.—L IST OF R EGULATED F LAMMABLE S UBSTANCES AND T HRESHOLD Q UANTITIES FOR A CCIDENTAL R ELEASE P REVENTION —Continued [CAS Number Order—63 Substances]

CAS No. Chemical name CAS No. Threshold quantity

(lbs) Basis for listing

115–07–1 ................... 115–10–6 ................... 115–11–7 ................... 116–14–3 ................... 124–40–3 ................... 460–19–5 ................... 463–49–0 ................... 463–58–1 ................... 463–82–1 ................... 504–60–9 ................... 557–98–2 ................... 563–45–1 ................... 563–46–2 ................... 590–18–1 ................... 590–21–6 ................... 598–73–2 ................... 624–64–6 ................... 627–20–3 ................... 646–04–8 ................... 689–97–4 ................... 1333–74–0 ................. 4109–96–0 ................. 7791–21–1 ................. 7803–62–5 ................. 10025–78–2 ............... 25167–67–3 ............... Propylene [1-Propene] .......................................................... Methyl ether [Methane, oxybis-] ............................................ 2-Methylpropene [1-Propene, 2-methyl-] .............................. Tetrafluoroethylene [Ethene, tetrafluoro-] ............................. Dimethylamine [Methanamine, N-methyl-] ............................ Cyanogen [Ethanedinitrile] .................................................... Propadiene [1,2-Propadiene] ................................................ Carbon oxysulfide [Carbon oxide sulfide (COS)] .................. 2,2-Dimethylpropane [Propane, 2,2-dimethyl-] ..................... 1,3-Pentadiene ...................................................................... 2-Chloropropylene [1-Propene, 2-chloro-] ............................. 3-Methyl-1-butene ................................................................. 2-Methyl-1-butene ................................................................. 2-Butene-cis .......................................................................... 1-Chloropropylene [1-Propene, 1-chloro-] ............................. Bromotrifluorethylene [Ethene, bromotrifluoro-] .................... 2-Butene-trans [2-Butene, (E)] .............................................. 2-Pentene, (Z)- ...................................................................... 2-Pentene, (E)- ...................................................................... Vinyl acetylene [1-Buten-3-yne] ............................................ Hydrogen ............................................................................... Dichlorosilane [Silane, dichloro-] ........................................... Chlorine monoxide [Chlorine oxide] ...................................... Silane ..................................................................................... Trichlorosilane [Silane,trichloro-] ........................................... Butene ................................................................................... 115–07–1 115–10–6 115–11–7 116–14–3 124–40–3 460–19–5 463–49–0 463–58–1 463–82–1 504–60–9 557–98–2 563–45–1 563–46–2 590–18–1 590–21–6 598–73–2 624–64–6 627–20–3 646–04–8 689–97–4 1333–74–0 4109–96–0 7791–21–1 7803–62–5 10025–78–2 25167–67–3 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,00 0 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 f f f f f f f f f f g f g f g f f g g f f f f f g f

Note: Basis for Listing: a Mandated for listing by Congress. f Flammable gas. g Volatile flammable liquid. [59 FR 4493, Jan. 31, 1994. Redesignated at 61 FR 31717, June 20, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 45132, Aug. 25, 1997; 63 FR 645, Jan. 6, 1998]



### Subpart G—Risk Management Plan

S OURCE : 61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted.

§ 68.150 Submission.

(a) The owner or operator shall submit a single RMP that includes the information required by §§ 68.155 through 68.185 for all covered processes. The RMP shall be submitted in a methodand format to a central point as specified by EPA prior to June 21, 1999.

(b) The owner or operator shall submit the first RMP no later than the latest of the following dates:

(1) June 21, 1999; (2) Three years after the date on which a regulated substance is first listed under § 68.130; or

(3) The date on which a regulated substance is first present above a threshold quantity in a process.

(c) Subsequent submissions of RMPs shall be in accordance with § 68.190. (d) Notwithstanding the provisions of§§ 68.155 to 68.190, the RMP shall exclude classified information. Subject to appropriate procedures to protect such information from public disclosure, classified data or information excluded from the RMP may be made availablein a classified annex to the RMP for review by Federal and state representatives who have received the appropriate security clearances.

(e) Procedures for asserting that information submitted in the RMP is entitled to protection as confidential business information are set forth in §§ 68.151 and 68.152.

[61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 979, Jan. 6, 1999]

§ 68.151 Assertion of claims of confidential business information. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an owner or operator of a stationary source required toreport or otherwise provide information under this part may make a claim



### 28

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

of confidential business information for any such information that meets the criteria set forth in 40 CFR 2.301.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of 40 CFR part 2, an owner or operator of a stationary source subject to this part may not claim as confidential business information the following information:

(1) Registration data required by § 68.160(b)(1) through (b)(6) and (b)(8), (b)(10) through (b)(13) and NAICS code and Program level of the process set forth in § 68.160(b)(7);

(2) Offsite consequence analysis data required by § 68.165(b)(4), (b)(9), (b)(10), (b)(11), and (b)(12).

(3) Accident history data required by §68.168;

(4) Prevention program data required by § 68.170(b), (d), (e)(1), (f) through (k);

(5) Prevention program data required by § 68.175(b), (d), (e)(1), (f) through (p); and

(6) Emergency response program data required by § 68.180.

(c) Notwithstanding the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 2, an owner or operator asserting a claim of CBI with respect to information contained in its RMP, shall submit to EPA at the time it submits the RMP the following:

(1) The information claimed confidential, provided in a format to be specified by EPA;

(2) A sanitized (redacted) copy of theRMP, with the notation ‘‘CBI’’ substituted for the information claimedconfidential, except that a generic category or class name shall be substituted for any chemical name or identity claimed confidential; and

(3) The document or documents substantiating each claim of confidential business information, as described in §68.152.
[64 FR 979, Jan. 6, 1999]§ 68.152 Substantiating claims of confidential business information. (a) An owner or operator claimingthat information is confidential business information must substantiate that claim by providing documentation that demonstrates that the claim meets the substantive criteria set forth in 40 CFR 2.301.

(b) Information that is submitted as part of the substantiation may be claimed confidential by marking it as 

### § 68.160

confidential business information. Information not so marked will be treated as public and may be disclosed without notice to the submitter. If information that is submitted as part of the substantiation is claimed confidential, the owner or operator must provide a sanitized and unsanitized version of the substantiation.

(c) The owner, operator, or senior official with management responsibility of the stationary source shall sign acertification that the signer has personally examined the information submitted and that based on inquiry of the persons who compiled the information, the information is true, accurate, and complete, and that those portions ofthe substantiation claimed as confidential business information would, if disclosed, reveal trade secrets or other confidential business information.
[64 FR 980, Jan. 6, 1999]
§ 68.155 Executive summary.

The owner or operator shall provide in the RMP an executive summary thatincludes a brief description of the following elements:

(a) The accidental release prevention and emergency response policies at the stationary source;

(b) The stationary source and regulated substances handled;

(c) The worst-case release scenario(s) and the alternative release scenario(s), including administrative controls andmitigation measures to limit the distances for each reported scenario;

(d) The general accidental releaseprevention program and chemical-specific prevention steps;

(e) The five-year accident history; (f) The emergency response program; and

(g) Planned changes to improve safety.
§ 68.160 Registration.

(a) The owner or operator shall complete a single registration form and include it in the RMP. The form shall cover all regulated substances handled in covered processes.

(b) The registration shall include the following data:

(1) Stationary source name, street, city, county, state, zip code, latitude and longitude, method for obtaining



### 29

### § 68.165

latitude and longitude, and description of location that latitude and longitude represent;

(2) The stationary source Dun and Bradstreet number;

(3) Name and Dun and Bradstreetnumber of the corporate parent company;

(4) The name, telephone number, andmailing address of the owner or operator;

(5) The name and title of the person or position with overall responsibility for RMP elements and implementation;

(6) The name, title, telephone number, and 24-hour telephone number of the emergency contact;

(7) For each covered process, thename and CAS number of each regulated substance held above the threshold quantity in the process, the maximum quantity of each regulated substance or mixture in the process (in pounds) to two significant digits, the five- or six-digit NAICS code that most closely corresponds to the process, and the Program level of the process;

(8) The stationary source EPA identifier;

(9) The number of full-time employees at the stationary source;

(10) Whether the stationary source is subject to 29 CFR 1910.119;

(11) Whether the stationary source is subject to 40 CFR part 355;

(12) If the stationary source has aCAA Title V operating permit, the permit number; and

(13) The date of the last safety inspection of the stationary source by a Federal, state, or local governmentagency and the identity of the inspecting entity.

(14) Source or Parent Company EMail Address (Optional);

(15) Source Homepage address (Optional)

(16) Phone number at the source for public inquiries (Optional);

(17) Local Emergency Planning Committee (Optional);

(18) OSHA Voluntary Protection Program status (Optional);
[61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 980, Jan. 6, 1999] § 68.165 Offsite consequence analysis.

(a) The owner or operator shall submit in the RMP information: 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

(1) One worst-case release scenario for each Program 1 process; and

(2) For Program 2 and 3 processes,one worst-case release scenario to represent all regulated toxic substances held above the threshold quantity andone worst-case release scenario to represent all regulated flammable substances held above the threshold quantity. If additional worst-case scenarios for toxics or flammables are requiredby § 68.25(a)(2)(iii), the owner or operator shall submit the same information on the additional scenario(s). The owner or operator of Program 2 and 3 processes shall also submit information on one alternative release scenario for each regulated toxic substance held above the threshold quantity and onealternative release scenario to represent all regulated flammable substances held above the threshold quantity.

(b) The owner or operator shall submit the following data:

(1) Chemical name; (2) Percentage weight of the chemical in a liquid mixture (toxics only);

(3) Physical state (toxics only); (4) Basis of results (give model name if used);

(5) Scenario (explosion, fire, toxic gasrelease, or liquid spill and evaporation);

(6) Quantity released in pounds; (7) Release rate; (8) Release duration; (9) Wind speed and atmospheric stability class (toxics only);

(10) Topography (toxics only); (11) Distance to endpoint; (12) Public and environmental receptors within the distance;

(13) Passive mitigation considered; and

(14) Active mitigation considered (alternative releases only);

[61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 980, Jan. 6, 1999]
§ 68.168 Five-year accident history.

The owner or operator shall submit in the RMP the information provided in § 68.42(b) on each accident covered by §68.42(a).



### 30

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA

§ 68.170 Prevention program/Program 2. (a) For each Program 2 process, the owner or operator shall provide in the RMP the information indicated inparagraphs (b) through (k) of this section. If the same information applies to more than one covered process, theowner or operator may provide the information only once, but shall indicateto which processes the information applies.

(b) The five- or six-digit NAICS code that most closely corresponds to the process.

(c) The name(s) of the chemical(s) covered.

(d) The date of the most recent review or revision of the safety information and a list of Federal or state regulations or industry-specific designcodes and standards used to demonstrate compliance with the safety information requirement.

(e) The date of completion of the most recent hazard review or update.

(1) The expected date of completionof any changes resulting from the hazard review;

(2) Major hazards identified; (3) Process controls in use; (4) Mitigation systems in use; (5) Monitoring and detection systems in use; and

(6) Changes since the last hazard review.

(f) The date of the most recent review or revision of operating procedures.

(g) The date of the most recent review or revision of training programs;

(1) The type of training provided— classroom, classroom plus on the job, on the job; and

(2) The type of competency testing used.

(h) The date of the most recent review or revision of maintenance procedures and the date of the most recent equipment inspection or test and the equipment inspected or tested.

(i) The date of the most recent compliance audit and the expected date of completion of any changes resulting from the compliance audit.

(j) The date of the most recent incident investigation and the expecteddate of completion of any changes resulting from the investigation. 

### § 68.175

(k) The date of the most recentchange that triggered a review or revision of safety information, the hazardreview, operating or maintenance procedures, or training.

[61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 980, Jan. 6, 1999]
§ 68.175 Prevention program/Program 3. (a) For each Program 3 process, theowner or operator shall provide the information indicated in paragraphs (b) through (p) of this section. If the same information applies to more than one covered process, the owner or operator may provide the information onlyonce, but shall indicate to which processes the information applies.

(b) The five- or six-digit NAICS code that most closely corresponds to the process.

(c) The name(s) of the substance(s) covered.

(d) The date on which the safety information was last reviewed or revised.

(e) The date of completion of the most recent PHA or update and the technique used.

(1) The expected date of completion of any changes resulting from the PHA;

(2) Major hazards identified; (3) Process controls in use; (4) Mitigation systems in use; (5) Monitoring and detection systems in use; and

(6) Changes since the last PHA. (f) The date of the most recent review or revision of operating procedures.

(g) The date of the most recent review or revision of training programs;

(1) The type of training provided— classroom, classroom plus on the job, on the job; and

(2) The type of competency testing used.

(h) The date of the most recent review or revision of maintenance procedures and the date of the most recent equipment inspection or test and the equipment inspected or tested.

(i) The date of the most recent change that triggered management of change procedures and the date of themost recent review or revision of management of change procedures.

(j) The date of the most recent prestartup review.



### 31

### § 68.180

(k) The date of the most recent compliance audit and the expected date of completion of any changes resulting from the compliance audit;

(l) The date of the most recent incident investigation and the expecteddate of completion of any changes resulting from the investigation;

(m) The date of the most recent review or revision of employee participation plans;

(n) The date of the most recent review or revision of hot work permit procedures;

(o) The date of the most recent review or revision of contractor safety procedures; and

(p) The date of the most recent evaluation of contractor safety performance.
[61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 980, Jan. 6, 1999]
§ 68.180 Emergency response program.

(a) The owner or operator shall provide in the RMP the following information:

(1) Do you have a written emergency response plan?

(2) Does the plan include specific actions to be taken in response to an accidental releases of a regulated substance?

(3) Does the plan include procedures for informing the public and local agencies responsible for responding to accidental releases?

(4) Does the plan include information on emergency health care?

(5) The date of the most recent review or update of the emergency response plan;

(6) The date of the most recent emergency response training for employees.

(b) The owner or operator shall provide the name and telephone number of the local agency with which emergency response activities and the emergency response plan is coordinated.

(c) The owner or operator shall list other Federal or state emergency plan requirements to which the stationary source is subject.

[61 FR 31726, June 20, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 980, Jan. 6, 1999] 

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

§ 68.185 Certification.

(a) For Program 1 processes, the owner or operator shall submit in theRMP the certification statement provided in § 68.12(b)(4).

(b) For all other covered processes, the owner or operator shall submit in the RMP a single certification that, tothe best of the signer’s knowledge, information, and belief formed after reasonable inquiry, the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete.
§ 68.190 Updates.

(a) The owner or operator shall review and update the RMP as specified in paragraph (b) of this section and submit it in a method and format to a central point specified by EPA prior to June 21, 1999.

(b) The owner or operator of a stationary source shall revise and update the RMP submitted under § 68.150 as follows:

(1) Within five years of its initial submission or most recent update required by paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(7) of this section, whichever is later.

(2) No later than three years after anewly regulated substance is first listed by EPA;

(3) No later than the date on which a new regulated substance is first present in an already covered process above a threshold quantity;

(4) No later than the date on which a regulated substance is first present above a threshold quantity in a new
process;

(5) Within six months of a change that requires a revised PHA or hazard review;

(6) Within six months of a changethat requires a revised offsite consequence analysis as provided in § 68.36; and

(7) Within six months of a changethat alters the Program level that applied to any covered process.

(c) If a stationary source is no longersubject to this part, the owner or operator shall submit a revised registration to EPA within six months indicating that the stationary source is no longer covered.



### 32

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA


### Subpart H—Other Requirements

S OURCE : 61 FR 31728, June 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted. § 68.200 Recordkeeping.

The owner or operator shall maintain records supporting the implementationof this part for five years unless otherwise provided in subpart D of this part.
§ 68.210 Availability of information to the public. (a) The RMP required under subpart G of this part shall be available to the public under 42 U.S.C. 7414(c).

(b) The disclosure of classified information by the Department of Defenseor other Federal agencies or contractors of such agencies shall be controlled by applicable laws, regulations,or executive orders concerning the release of classified information.
§ 68.215 Permit content and air permitting authority or designated agency requirements. (a) These requirements apply to any stationary source subject to this part 68 and parts 70 or 71 of this chapter. The 40 CFR part 70 or part 71 permit for the stationary source shall contain:

(1) A statement listing this part as an applicable requirement;

(2) Conditions that require the source owner or operator to submit:

(i) A compliance schedule for meeting the requirements of this part by the date provided in § 68.10(a) or;

(ii) As part of the compliance certification submitted under 40 CFR 70.6(c)(5), a certification statement that the source is in compliance with all requirements of this part, including the registration and submission of the RMP.

(b) The owner or operator shall submit any additional relevant information requested by the air permitting authority or designated agency.

(c) For 40 CFR part 70 or part 71 permits issued prior to the deadline for registering and submitting the RMPand which do not contain permit conditions described in paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator or airpermitting authority shall initiate permit revision or reopening according to the procedures of 40 CFR 70.7 or 71.7 to 

### § 68.220

incorporate the terms and conditions consistent with paragraph (a) of this section.

(d) The state may delegate the authority to implement and enforce the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section to a state or local agency or agencies other than the air permitting authority. An up-to-date copy of anydelegation instrument shall be maintained by the air permitting authority.The state may enter a written agreement with the Administrator under which EPA will implement and enforce the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.

(e) The air permitting authority or the agency designated by delegation or agreement under paragraph (d) of this section shall, at a minimum:

(1) Verify that the source owner or operator has registered and submittedan RMP or a revised plan when required by this part;

(2) Verify that the source owner oroperator has submitted a source certification or in its absence has submitted a compliance schedule consistent with paragraph (a)(2) of this section;

(3) For some or all of the sources subject to this section, use one or more mechanisms such as, but not limitedto, a completeness check, source audits, record reviews, or facility inspections to ensure that permitted sourcesare in compliance with the requirements of this part; and

(4) Initiate enforcement action based on paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section as appropriate.

§ 68.220 Audits.

(a) In addition to inspections for the purpose of regulatory development andenforcement of the Act, the implementing agency shall periodically audit RMPs submitted under subpart G of this part to review the adequacy of such RMPs and require revisions ofRMPs when necessary to ensure compliance with subpart G of this part.

(b) The implementing agency shall select stationary sources for audits based on any of the following criteria:

(1) Accident history of the stationary

source;

(2) Accident history of other stationary sources in the same industry;



### 33

### § 68.220

(3) Quantity of regulated substances present at the stationary source;

(4) Location of the stationary sourceand its proximity to the public and environmental receptors;

(5) The presence of specific regulated substances;

(6) The hazards identified in the RMP; and

(7) A plan providing for neutral, random oversight.

(c) Exemption from audits. A stationary source with a Star or Meritranking under OSHA’s voluntary protection program shall be exempt from audits under paragraph (b)(2) and (b)(7) of this section.

(d) The implementing agency shall have access to the stationary source, supporting documentation, and any area where an accidental release could

occur.

(e) Based on the audit, the implementing agency may issue the owner or operator of a stationary source a written preliminary determination of necessary revisions to the stationary source’s RMP to ensure that the RMP meets the criteria of subpart G of this part. The preliminary determination shall include an explanation for thebasis for the revisions, reflecting industry standards and guidelines (such as AIChE/CCPS guidelines and ASME and API standards) to the extent that suchstandards and guidelines are applicable, and shall include a timetable for their implementation.

(f) Written response to a preliminary determination. (1) The owner or operatorshall respond in writing to a preliminary determination made in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. The response shall state the owner or operator will implement the revisionscontained in the preliminary determination in accordance with the timetable included in the preliminary determination or shall state that the owner or operator rejects the revisions in whole or in part. For each rejected revision, the owner or operator shallexplain the basis for rejecting such revision. Such explanation may include substitute revisions.

(2) The written response under paragraph (f)(1) of this section shall be received by the implementing agencywithin 90 days of the issue of the pre

### 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)

liminary determination or a shorter period of time as the implementingagency specifies in the preliminary determination as necessary to protect public health and the environment. Prior to the written response being due and upon written request from the owner or operator, the implementingagency may provide in writing additional time for the response to be received.

(g) After providing the owner or operator an opportunity to respond underparagraph (f) of this section, the implementing agency may issue the owneror operator a written final determination of necessary revisions to the stationary source’s RMP. The final determination may adopt or modify the revisions contained in the preliminary determination under paragraph (e) of this section or may adopt or modify the substitute revisions provided in the response under paragraph (f) of this section. A final determination that adopts a revision rejected by the owneror operator shall include an explanation of the basis for the revision. A final determination that fails to adopt a substitute revision provided underparagraph (f) of this section shall include an explanation of the basis forfinding such substitute revision unreasonable.

(h) Thirty days after completion ofthe actions detailed in the implementation schedule set in the final determination under paragraph (g) of this section, the owner or operator shall be in violation of subpart G of this part and this section unless the owner or operator revises the RMP prepared under subpart G of this part as requiredby the final determination, and submits the revised RMP as required under § 68.150.

(i) The public shall have access to the preliminary determinations, responses, and final determinations under this section in a manner consistent with §68.210.

(j) Nothing in this section shall preclude, limit, or interfere in any way with the authority of EPA or the stateto exercise its enforcement, investigatory, and information gathering authorities concerning this part under the Act.



### 34

### Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Pt. 68, App. AAPPENDIXATOPART68—TABLE OFTOXICENDPOINTS[As defined in § 68.22 of this part]CAS No.Chemical nameToxic end­point (mg/L)107–02–8 ............................................107–13–1 ............................................814–68–6 ............................................107–18–6 ............................................107–11–9 ............................................7664–41–7 ..........................................7664–41–7 ..........................................7784–34–1 ..........................................7784–42–1 ..........................................10294–34–5 ........................................7637–07–2 ..........................................353–42–4 ............................................7726–95–6 ..........................................75–15–0 ..............................................7782–50–5 ..........................................10049–04–4 ........................................67–66–3 ..............................................542–88–1 ............................................107–30–2 ............................................4170–30–3 ..........................................123–73–9 ............................................506–77–4 ............................................108–91–8 ............................................19287–45–7 ........................................75–78–5 ..............................................57–14–7 ..............................................106–89–8 ............................................107–15–3 ............................................151–56–4 ............................................75–21–8 ..............................................7782–41–4 ..........................................50–00–0 ..............................................110–00–9 ............................................302–01–2 ............................................7647–01–0 ..........................................74–90–8 ..............................................7647–01–0 ..........................................7664–39–3 ..........................................7783–07–5 ..........................................7783–06–4 ..........................................13463–40–6 ........................................78–82–0 ..............................................108–23–6 ............................................126–98–7 ............................................Acrolein [2-Propenal] ..................................................................................................................................................................................Acrylonitrile [2-Propenenitrile] .....................................................................................................................................................................Acrylyl chloride [2-Propenoyl chloride] .......................................................................................................................................................Allyl alcohol [2-Propen-1-ol] ........................................................................................................................................................................Allylamine [2-Propen-1-amine] ...................................................................................................................................................................Ammonia (anhydrous) ................................................................................................................................................................................Ammonia (conc 20% or greater) ................................................................................................................................................................Arsenous trichloride ....................................................................................................................................................................................Arsine ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................Boron trichloride [Borane, trichloro-] ...........................................................................................................................................................Boron trifluoride [Borane, trifluoro-] ............................................................................................................................................................Boron trifluoride compound with methyl ether (1:1) [Boron, trifluoro[oxybis[methane]]-, T-4 ....................................................................Bromine .......................................................................................................................................................................................................Carbon disulfide ..........................................................................................................................................................................................Chlorine .......................................................................................................................................................................................................Chlorine dioxide [Chlorine oxide (ClO2)] ....................................................................................................................................................Chloroform [Methane, trichloro-] .................................................................................................................................................................Chloromethyl ether [Methane, oxybis[chloro-] ............................................................................................................................................Chloromethyl methyl ether [Methane, chloromethoxy-] ..............................................................................................................................Crotonaldehyde [2-Butenal] ........................................................................................................................................................................Crotonaldehyde, (E)-, [2-Butenal, (E)-] .......................................................................................................................................................Cyanogen chloride ......................................................................................................................................................................................Cyclohexylamine [Cyclohexanamine] .........................................................................................................................................................Diborane .....................................................................................................................................................................................................Dimethyldichlorosilane [Silane, dichlorodimethyl-] .....................................................................................................................................1,1-Dimethylhydrazine [Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-] ......................................................................................................................................Epichlorohydrin [Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-] .................................................................................................................................................Ethylenediamine [1,2-Ethanediamine] ........................................................................................................................................................Ethyleneimine [Aziridine] ............................................................................................................................................................................Ethylene oxide [Oxirane] ............................................................................................................................................................................Fluorine .......................................................................................................................................................................................................Formaldehyde (solution) .............................................................................................................................................................................Furan ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................Hydrazine ....................................................................................................................................................................................................Hydrochloric acid (conc 37% or greater) ....................................................................................................................................................Hydrocyanic acid ........................................................................................................................................................................................Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) [Hydrochloric acid] ...................................................................................................................................Hydrogen fluoride/Hydrofluoric acid (conc 50% or greater) [Hydrofluoric acid] .........................................................................................Hydrogen selenide ......................................................................................................................................................................................Hydrogen sulfide .........................................................................................................................................................................................Iron, pentacarbonyl- [Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5), (TB–5–11)-] ......................................................................................................................Isobutyronitrile [Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-] ..................................................................................................................................................Isopropyl chloroformate [Carbonochloride acid, 1-methylethyl ester] ........................................................................................................Methacrylonitrile [2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-] ............................................................................................................................................0.00110.0760.000900.0360.00320.140.140.0100.00190.0100.0280.0230.00650.160.00870.00280.490.000250.00180.0290.0290.0300.160.00110.0260.0120.0760.490.0180.0900.00390.0120.00120.0110.0300.0110.0300.0160.000660.0420.000440.140.100.0027



### 35

### Pt. 68, App. A 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–99 Edition)



### 36APPENDIXATOPART68—TABLE OFTOXICENDPOINTS—Continued[As defined in § 68.22 of this part]CAS No.Chemical nameToxic end­point (mg/L)74–87–3 ..............................................79–22–1 ..............................................60–34–4 ..............................................624–83–9 ............................................74–93–1 ..............................................556–64–9 ............................................75–79–6 ..............................................13463–39–3 ........................................7697–37–2 ..........................................10102–43–9 ........................................8014–95–7 ..........................................79–21–0 ..............................................594–42–3 ............................................75–44–5 ..............................................7803–51–2 ..........................................10025–87–3 ........................................7719–12–2 ..........................................110–89–4 ............................................107–12–0 ............................................109–61–5 ............................................75–55–8 ..............................................75–56–9 ..............................................7446–09–5 ..........................................7783–60–0 ..........................................7446–11–9 ..........................................75–74–1 ..............................................509–14–8 ............................................7750–45–0 ..........................................584–84–9 ............................................91–08–7 ..............................................26471–62–5 ........................................75–77–4 ..............................................108–05–4 ............................................Methyl chloride [Methane, chloro-] .............................................................................................................................................................Methyl chloroformate [Carbonochloridic acid, methylester] .......................................................................................................................Methyl hydrazine [Hydrazine, methyl-] .......................................................................................................................................................Methyl isocyanate [Methane, isocyanato-] .................................................................................................................................................Methyl mercaptan [Methanethiol] ...............................................................................................................................................................Methyl thiocyanate [Thiocyanic acid, methyl ester] ....................................................................................................................................Methyltrichlorosilane [Silane, trichloromethyl-] ...........................................................................................................................................Nickel carbonyl ...........................................................................................................................................................................................Nitric acid (conc 80% or greater) ...............................................................................................................................................................Nitric oxide [Nitrogen oxide (NO)] ..............................................................................................................................................................Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) [Sulfuric acid, mixture with sulfur trioxide] .................................................................................................Peracetic acid [Ethaneperoxoic acid] .........................................................................................................................................................Perchloromethylmercaptan [Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-] ..............................................................................................................Phosgene [Carbonic dichloride] ..................................................................................................................................................................Phosphine ...................................................................................................................................................................................................Phosphorus oxychloride [Phosphoryl chloride] ..........................................................................................................................................Phosphorus trichloride [Phosphorous trichloride] .......................................................................................................................................Piperidine ....................................................................................................................................................................................................Propionitrile [Propanenitrile] ........................................................................................................................................................................Propyl chloroformate [Carbonochloridic acid, propylester] .........................................................................................................................Propyleneimine [Aziridine, 2-methyl-] .........................................................................................................................................................Propylene oxide [Oxirane, methyl-] ............................................................................................................................................................Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) ..........................................................................................................................................................................Sulfur tetrafluoride [Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-] .......................................................................................................................................Sulfur trioxide ..............................................................................................................................................................................................Tetramethyllead [Plumbane, tetramethyl-] ..................................................................................................................................................Tetranitromethane [Methane, tetranitro-] ....................................................................................................................................................Titanium tetrachloride [Titanium chloride (TiCl4) (T-4)-] ............................................................................................................................Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate [Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl-] ..............................................................................................................Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate [Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methyl-] ..............................................................................................................Toluene diisocyanate (unspecified isomer) [Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl-] ......................................................................................Trimethylchlorosilane [Silane, chlorotrimethyl-] ..........................................................................................................................................Vinyl acetate monomer [Acetic acid ethenyl ester] ....................................................................................................................................0.820.00190.00940.00120.0490.0850.0180.000670.0260.0310.0100.00450.00760.000810.00350.00300.0280.0220.00370.0100.120.590.00780.00920.0100.00400.00400.0200.00700.00700.00700.0500.26[61 FR 31729, June 20, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 45132, Aug. 25, 1997]