OCS Study MMS 2003-071

Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic

Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska

OCS Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production

Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea

Task 8 of the Arctic Nearshore Impact Monitoring in the Development Area Project

(ANIMIDA)

Project Final Report

August 2003

Prepared for...

Minerals Management Service

Alaska OCS Office

Anchorage, Alaska

Prepared By:

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc.

4749 Bennett Drive, Suite L

Livermore, CA 94551

925.373.7142
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic

Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska

OCS Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production

Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea

Task 8 of the Arctic Nearshore Impact Monitoring in the Development Area Project

(ANIMIDA)

Project Final Report

August 2003

Prepared for...

Minerals Management Service

Alaska OCS Office

Anchorage, Alaska

Prepared by...

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc.

4749 Bennett Drive, Suite L

Livermore, CA 94551

925.373.7142

This study was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior,

Minerals Management Service (MMS), Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region,

Anchorage, Alaska, under Contract No. 01-99-CT-30998, To 10908,

as part of the MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program.

The opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report or product are

those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior,

nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation

for use by the Federal Government.
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with

the Alaska OCS Liberty Prospect and Northstar Oil Production Unit in the

Nearshore Beaufort Sea

Task 8 of the Arctic Nearshore Impact Monitoring in the Development Area Project

(ANIMIDA)

Final Report

Authors

Robert Spies

Dane Hardin

Jordan Gold

David Bell

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc.

Prepared for...

Alaska OCS Region U.S. Minerals Management Service

Contract NO. 01-99-CT-30998, To 10908

By...

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc.

Livermore, California 94551

www.amarine.com
Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Page i

Table of Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................1

1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................5

2.0 Methods.......................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Fish Collections................................................................................................................................. 8

2.1.1 Fish Dissections and Sample Storage...................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Analyses of Contaminants and Biomarkers............................................................................... 14

2.2.1 Tissue Organic Residue Analyses............................................................................................................ 16

2.2.2 Trace Metals Analysis in Fish Tissue...................................................................................................... 30

2.2.3 Bile FAC’s (Fluorescing Aromatic Compounds).................................................................................... 33

2.2.4 Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) ............................................................................................................... 33

2.2.5 Tissue Analysis Strategy.......................................................................................................................... 34

2.2.6 Statistical Analyses................................................................................................................................... 35

3.0 Results.......................................................................................................................... 36

3.1 Collections....................................................................................................................................... 36

3.2 Trace Organic Substances in Fish Tissues.................................................................................. 37

3.2.1 PAH in Fish Tissues................................................................................................................................. 40

3.2.2 PCBs in Fish Tissues................................................................................................................................ 42

3.2.3 Pesticides in Fish ...................................................................................................................................... 45

3.3 P4501A In Fish Tissues.................................................................................................................. 49

3.3.1 Relationship of Whole-Body Concentrations of Organic Chemicals to P4501A.................................. 51

3.4 Bile Hydrocarbons......................................................................................................................... 51

3.5 Metals in Fish.................................................................................................................................. 53

3.6 Cluster Analyses............................................................................................................................. 63

4.0 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 65

5.0 References.................................................................................................................... 76

6.0 Appendices ................................................................................................................... 80

APPENDIX A: FISH COLLECTION FORMS.................................................................. A

APPENDIX B: FISH DISSECTION FORMS ................................................................... B

APPENDIX C: RAW DATA ............................................................................................... C

APPENDIX D: MEANS, STANDARD DEVIATIONS AND TOTALS.............................. D

APPENDIX E: P4501A ...................................................................................................... E
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List of Tables

Table 1. Fish collection locations and method(s)..................................................... 10

Table 2. List of all assayed analytes. Whole Body Organic Compounds................. 14

Table 3. Data Quality Objectives – PAHs by GC/MS/SIM ....................................... 25

Table 4. Data Quality Objectives – Pesticides and PCB Congeners by GC/ECD.... 26

Table 5. Organic Quality Control Result Summary – Polynuclear Aromatic

Hydrocarbons............................................................................................ 27

Table 6. Organic Quality Control Result Summary – Pesticide and PCB ................ 29

Table 7. Summary of Instrumental Methods and Method Detection Limits.............. 31

Table 8. Summary of fish collected in the summer of 2001. .................................... 37

Table 9. Results of one-way ANOVA for the effects of site on concentrations of trace

organic chemicals ..................................................................................... 37

Table 10. Significant results of backward stepwise multiple regressions................. 51

Table 11. Results of one-way ANOVA for the effects of site on concentrations of

metals...................................................................................................... 53

Table 12. Ranges of Mean Concentration Values at Collection Sites...................... 67

Table 13. Summary of significant differences for species and contaminants........... 70
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List of Figures

Figure 1. Locations of 2001 fish collection locations.................................................. 9

Figure 2. Total PAHs. .............................................................................................. 40

Figure 3. Total low-molecular-weight PAHs............................................................. 41

Figure 4. Total high-molecular-weight PAHs ........................................................... 41

Figure 5. Total PCBs ............................................................................................... 42

Figure 6. The pattern of PCB congeners in an Arctic cod captured at Stump Island43

Figure 7. The pattern of PCB congeners in an Arctic cod captured at Bullen Point. 44

Figure 8. Total Pesticides ........................................................................................ 45

Figure 9. Total Chlordanes ...................................................................................... 46

Figure 10. Total DDTs ............................................................................................. 47

Figure 11. Total HCH............................................................................................... 47

Figure 12. Total Endosulphans................................................................................ 48

Figure 13. Total Endrins .......................................................................................... 49

Figure 14. Liver hepatocyte P4501A ....................................................................... 50

Figure 15. Gut mucous epithelium P4501A............................................................. 50

Figure 16. Phenathrene equivalents by species and site......................................... 52

Figure 17. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalents by species and site.................................... 52

Figure 18. Total Arsenic (dry weight)....................................................................... 55

Figure 19. Total Barium (dry weight) ....................................................................... 56

Figure 20. Total Cadmium (dry weight).................................................................... 57

Figure 21. Total Chromium (dry weight) .................................................................. 57

Figure 22. Total Copper (dry weight)....................................................................... 58

Figure 23. Total Iron (dry weight)............................................................................. 59

Figure 24. Total Lead (dry weight)........................................................................... 59

Figure 25. Total Mercury (dry weight)...................................................................... 60

Figure 26. Total Nickel (dry weight)......................................................................... 60

Figure 27. Total Selenium (dry weight).................................................................... 61

Figure 28. Total Vanadium (dry weight)................................................................... 62

Figure 29. Total Zinc (dry weight)............................................................................ 62

Figure 30. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized mean

concentrations of all organic analytes.............................................63

Figure 31. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized mean

concentrations of PAH analytes.....................................................63

Figure 32. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized mean

concentrations of PCB congeners..................................................64

Figure 33. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized mean

concentrations of pesticide analytes...............................................64

Figure 34. The number of years required to detect significant trends....................68

Figure 35. Relationship between numbers of Four Horn Sculpin as a function of

differences in means...................................................................69
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Page 1

Executive Summary

The bioaccumulation of trace substances, including anthropogenic contaminants,

was investigated in five species of fish in and near the North Slope oil field

developments, including the Northstar project area and the Liberty prospect. The

fish species studied were: Arctic Cod, Arctic Cisco, Four Horn Sculpin, Broad

Whitefish and Humpback Whitefish. We collected fish from a total of five sites (from

west to east): Stump Island, Northstar, Point Brower, Liberty and Bullen Point.

Whole body concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),

organochlorine compounds (PCBs and 12 pesticides) and 12 trace metals were

determined. Two biomarkers of contaminant exposure were also evaluated: P4501A

in liver hepatocytes and gut epithelial cells and bile hydrocarbon metabolites.

The PAH, and many of the metals are potential contaminants arising from oil field

operations, such as drilling, production, transportation of personnel and materials,

dock construction, and onshore support operations. These contaminants also have

local natural sources and distant anthropogenic sources. The organochlorines are

normally not expected to result from oil field operations and most of the

organochlorines undoubtedly have their ultimate sources far from the North Slope

of Alaska, from where they are carried in winds and haze as volatile gases or

absorbed to aerosols. However, some organochlorine data were needed for

interpretation of biomarker data and their analysis did not incur much extra cost to

the project. In addition, the Arctic Marine Assessment Program (AMAP), a multinational program to assess contaminants in the Arctic, has recommended that

organochlorines be measured in and around oil field operations and sites of historic

military operations, e.g., Bullen Point near the development area. Further,

Presidential Executive Order 12898 mandates measurement of contaminants in

subsistence resources as a matter of environmental justice. In addition, distant

anthropogenic sources of metals are likely making some contributions to the metals

measured in biota in the development area.

The two biomarkers, P4501A induction and bile metabolites of PAH, both respond

to exposure to PAH, and because of PAH metabolism, are in fact, more relevant to

PAH exposure than measures of these compounds in tissues.

Site-by-site comparisons were also carried out by analysis of variance for each species to

see which sites had statistically higher concentrations of contaminants. Other analyses

of variance were carried out to determine if weight of fish explained a significant

amount of variability in the contaminant concentration data. We report a number of

different patterns of variability in which there were differences in trace substance

concentrations in fish due to site and discuss site-to-site differences and whether they

may be related to anthropogenic inputs. The site-to-site comparisons of trace substance

concentrations in various species of fish are based on relatively small numbers of

samples, so the relationships found should be interpreted cautiously, i.e. they may

change with larger sample numbers. About 10% of the significant site differences in

individual trace substances could be due to chance. These data and their analysis

should be the basis for further investigation and monitoring. However, the data
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Page 2

provide a good overall picture of trace substance concentrations in fish in the

development area.

Perhaps the strongest evidence for anthropogenic influences from petroleum

development are the concentrations of PAH and the two biomarkers that respond to

PAH, particularly in the Four Horn Sculpin. While there were no effects of site on

total PAH or low-molecular weight PAH in any species of fish, there were

differences seen in high-molecular-weight PAH between sites for Arctic Cisco and

Four Horn Sculpin. The sites where there were elevated concentrations in these two

species were Stump Island and Point Brower. In Four Horn Sculpin P4501A

induction in liver varied significantly with site, with Point Brower and Stump Island

having the highest responses. In Arctic Cod, Northstar fish had significantly greater

P4501A content than Liberty fish. Hydrocarbon metabolites in the bile also had a

pattern of differences that is somewhat consistent with P4501A induction.

Phenanthrene equivalents in the bile varied significantly with site in Four Horn

Sculpin, with Bullen Point, Stump Island, and Liberty having the higher responses

than Point Brower. Benz(a)pyrene equivalents in the bile of this species also varied

significantly with site with Stump Island clearly having the highest concentrations.

Arctic Cisco also had benz(a)pyrene equivalents that varied significantly with site,

with Bullen Point having the highest measured concentrations.

Both of these bile hydrocarbon components occur in extracted petroleum, and

probably in drill cuttings from the developed formations, but they also have potential

natural sources, particularly benzo(a)pyrene. If anthropogenic activities are responsible

or contributing to these responses in Four Horn Sculpin, and given the sites at which

they occur, then it is more likely that they are not directly related to drilling at the

platform sites. Rather, it may be the activity to the east of Stump Island at West Dock,

e.g., motorized vessels, that may be the source. There also may be some influence of

the nearby Endicott Causeway on fish caught at Point Brower. At Bullen Point,

historical activities at the military site may be responsible for the observed responses.

Among the chlorinated hydrocarbons and pesticides, a variety of patterns were

observed. Data on site differences in these anthropogenic compounds were

interpreted as to whether they may indicate distant sources, e.g., transport from

lower latitudes, or some local source. In the case of PCBs, Arctic Cisco varied

significantly with site; fish from Stump Island had the highest concentrations. A

similar trend was seen for total pesticides, except that Stump Island and Point

Brower were the two sites with the higher concentrations. However, for other

individual classes of pesticides making up the total pesticide category, there were

significant differences due to site with one or more species. For Chlordanes, DDTs,

Endosulfans and Endrins, Stump Island had consistently high concentrations

relative to the other sites. It was also mainly the Arctic Cisco that had significant site

differences for these groups of compounds (save for DDTs). The Four Horn Sculpin

had site differences for Chlordanes. Humpback Whitefish had site differences for

Endrins. Arctic Cod had site differences for HCHs. Taken together these data

suggest that there are elevated concentrations of several pesticides in the area of

Stump Island and Point Brower over the general background for the area and there

might be a low-level source there for pesticides. We do not know what the potential

local source for this low-level elevation over background might be, but Arctic Rivers

can carry significant amounts of contaminants from distant sources that are
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Page 3

deposited on the land and washed into the rivers during the summer. Point Brower

is in the delta of the Sagavanirktok River.

Also consistent with the known long-range transport in the atmosphere from lower

latitudes to the Arctic, PCBs were generally uniformly distributed among sites for

four of the five species of fish analyzed, the exception being Arctic Cisco at Stump

Island. We have, however, recognized two patterns of relative congener abundance

in the fish from this study: a mixture dominated by high-molecular-weight

congeners, and a second pattern including a similar congener composition of highmolecular-weight compounds, but also has significant, and sometimes dominant,

low-molecular-weight components (e.g. IUPAC congener 8). The low-molecularweight congeners in such mixes have been reported previously from Beaufort Sea

samples.

Interpreting anthropogenic contributions of metals poses a particular problem, as

the metals being analyzed all occur in the sediments and fish tissues naturally and it

is possible to have residual concentrations in the gut of the fish being analyzed. We

can probably discount anthropogenic loadings of nickel that did not differ with

change of site. However, most of the metals did show significant differences due to

site in one or two species: arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, mercury,

selenium, vanadium and zinc.

The high concentrations of arsenic in Four Horn Sculpin occurred at Stump Island,

Liberty and Point Brower. The reason for this pattern is not know, as it did not

appear to be significantly elevated in sediments anywhere in the area on an ironnormalized basis. It is not known if there is an anthropogenic source of arsenic in the

area.

Analysis of the ratios of barium to iron in the fish data suggests that sediment may

have played a role in trace metals detected in Four Horn Sculpin. We therefore

ascribe no other particular interpretation to the site effect seen with this element in

Four Horn Sculpin. In addition, the barium sulfate used in drilling mud is not very

biologically available to marine organisms.

Site effects were found for cadmium in Arctic Cisco and Humpback Whitefish. In

the former species, Point Brower, Liberty and Stump Island fish had higher

concentrations than Bullen Point. Stump Island Humpback Whitefish had greater

concentrations of cadmium than Point Brower fish. Cadmium bioavailability can

change with salinity, but it is not known if salinity was a factor in determining site

differences in these two species.

There was only one species where the variation in iron content differed significantly

between sites: Arctic Cod. Again, it is not known whether this is attributable to

development activity at the Northstar location, but further consideration may be in

order for this element as well. Since Cod are bottom feeders, at least part of the time,

sediments in the gut may have influenced this outcome. Iron is an essential element

and is therefore physiologically regulated in fish. It seems unlikely that without a

very large biologically available source that iron would appreciably accumulate in

fish beyond the range that is physiologically required.
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

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Humpback Whitefish was the only species where site differences were seen for lead

concentrations, with Stump Island fish having higher concentrations than Point

Brower.

One species showed significant variation in mercury: Arctic Cisco. Point Brower

Cod had greater concentrations than the other sites, but the differences in means

were very little. At this stage, we cannot rule out a slight difference in natural or

anthropogenic influence on mercury in this species. Nor can we rule out random

variability in a small sample set (n=5-11 per site) as an explanation of this finding.

For selenium there was one species for which site had a significant effect on wholebody concentrations: Arctic Cod from Liberty had greater concentrations than those

from Northstar. Again, this is based on a very small sample size (n=7-8) and we

have no reason to attribute this to anthropogenic activities.

Vanadium is another element for which Arctic Cod showed significant differences

due to site. In this case the Liberty fish had higher concentrations than the Northstar

fish. Again the potential influence of sediments in the gut may as well as small

sample size may be a factor, as there are no known sources of Vanadium at Liberty.

For zinc, the Arctic Cisco was the only species in which site had an influence on

whole-body concentrations. In this case, Point Brower, Liberty and Stump Island

had higher concentrations than Bullen Point. We attach no particular significance to

this finding.

Based on high site-trace contaminant and site-biomarker differences, we recommend

the Four Horn Sculpin as a candidate species for further monitoring of possible

anthropogenic releases of trace substances that may be bioaccumulated by fish. The

Four Horn Sculpin, along with the Arctic Cod, appear to be the two species that are

most appropriate for monitoring at the offshore platform areas, while the two

species of Whitefish and the Arctic Cisco are anadromous and more closely tied to

the inshore portions of the development area. In this regard, we present and discuss

the relative power of different sized collections of Four Horn Sculpin to detect

changes in various trace contaminants and the number of years required to detect

different percentage change with a fixed number of fish per site. For example, if

Four Horn Sculpin were to be analyzed for PAH by collecting 20 fish per site per

year, it is estimated that it would take 4 to 7 years of data to detect a 50% change in

concentrations. The analysis of variation also indicated that 50% differences in

concentrations of most analytes can be detected with fewer than 15 fish.
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Page 5

1.0 Introduction

Background. A new federal offshore oil production facility (Northstar) and a

proposed facility (Liberty Prospect) in Alaska’s North Slope prompted the Minerals

Management Service (MMS) to solicit proposals to investigate the potential

environmental impacts of these slated developments (since Task 8 was initiated,

Northstar has been completed but Liberty is on hold). Applied Marine Sciences, Inc.

(AMS), through a competitive bidding process, won the contract (Task 8) to

investigate tissue contaminant residues and effects in select local biota. Task 8

addresses the critical issue of potential bioaccumulation of trace substances (both

trace metals and organic compounds) in marine biota in the Liberty and Northstar

development areas. This task seeks to determine whether trace substances of

concern are being accumulated by higher trophic level organisms (i.e., fish and

whales). Any potential effects from trace substances, whether natural or

anthropogenic in origin, are not being addressed by this study. After input from the

Scientific Review Board (SRB), MMS, the public and various resource agencies the

study objectives now address these concerns in several species of fish. Funding and

support were not provided for any further work on whales started in FY02, so this

report is confined to evaluating the potential bioaccumulation of anthropogenic

contaminants in several species of fish in the development area. This report

describes results of analysis of fish collected in the summer of 2001.

Trace substances in the tissues of marine fish caught in the development area can

come from many sources. All of the metals measured in this study have natural

sources, they occur naturally in fish, and some of them are essential to fish

physiology, e.g., iron, zinc and selenium. Most of the metals found in fish tissues in

this study would be expected to occur in about the concentrations at which they

were found. Many of these metals can also have additional sources from human

activities, and this study attempts to determine if anthropogenic metal contributions

were occurring by comparing tissues of fish from various areas with and without

known industrial activities. In addition, it is well established that metals mobilized

by industrial activities far from the North Slope are transported in the atmosphere

on particles. Examples of metal sources that atmospherically transported to the

Arctic include mercury from burning of coal, cadmium from smelting of zinc ores,

and lead from gasoline and mining activities. These metals may enter the Arctic

Ocean and be incorporated into the tissues of marine organisms.

The organochlorines are all man made. In most cases, the predominant source of

organochlorines in the Arctic is long-range atmospheric transport of gases or

particles from lower latitudes. Many of these compounds are volatilized at higher

temperatures where they are used in large quantities (e.g. in Asia) and are deposited

with snow in the Arctic. Examples of compounds found in this study that originate

from distant sources include: DDT, PCBs, HCHs, toxaphene, chlordane and dieldrin.

A good general reference for further information on trace substances in Arctic

ecosystems is “Arctic Pollution Issues: A state of the Arctic Environment Report”

(AMAP, 1997).
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

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The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Arctic Ocean originate from a variety

of sources, including petrogenic natural sources in the area (coal and peat deposits),

distant anthropogenic sources (mainly combustion products from lower latitudes),

and local sources including oil and gas development activities and historic military

operations.

Rationale. Due to the distribution and environmental risk of anthropogenic

chemicals, these compounds (i.e., metals and organics including PAHs, PCBs and

pesticides) are to be estimated in biota while oil and gas exploration and

development activities on Alaska’s North Slope continue. Some of these chemicals

occur naturally (metals), some are imported by long-range atmospheric transport

(organochlorines and some metals), others may come from historic industrial and

military activity in the area (PCBs), and some may come from current industrial

activity at the Northstar platform, vessel activity and other associated human

activities on the North Slope of Alaska.

Objectives. The three objectives of Task 8 were to:

1. Determine the baseline concentrations of anthropogenic compounds and

responses of contaminant biomarkers in representative upper trophic level biota.

2. Evaluate whether the concentrations of contaminants and/or biomarker responses

indicate significant contaminant exposure to subsistence consumers.

3. Provide the essential background data and a framework for long-term monitoring

of local biota if warranted by initial results of this study.

Hypotheses. In designing a study to meet these goals, AMS formulated two

hypotheses:

HO1: Baseline concentrations of PAHs, POP’s, metals, and exposure/response

biomarkers in biota from the Northstar and Liberty areas of the Beaufort Sea are not

a result of oil and gas industry activities.

HO2: Oil and Gas industry activities in the Northstar and Liberty areas will not

result in an increase in tissue concentrations of POP’s, PAHs, metals and

exposure/response biomarkers in biota from the Northstar and Liberty areas.

The field collection and sampling program conducted was designed to test these

hypotheses using multiple fish species at multiple sites. The six species analyzed

have considerable differences in life history, site fidelity, and utilization by people.

Our choices of fish species to investigate in this study were based on several needs

and goals. We set out to test our hypotheses by sampling 15-20 fish of one or two

species at the Northstar Platform area and comparing them with a similar number of

fish collected at the Liberty prospect area. However, as with many preliminary

studies, there were significant constraints imposed on the study based on available

budget, research vessels, seasonality of sampling, and the desire of MMS to provide

information on fish species of importance to human subsistence fisheries. Logistical
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Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

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constraints compromised this plan. Collecting time at the platform sites was limited

and we did not attain our goals for numbers of fish. This was compensated for by

directing more effort to other sites in the area. As a result, we have a broad sampling

of species over a large area that included other reference areas, e.g., Liberty, and

areas of human activity, i.e., near Stump Island and at Bullen Point. Ultimately,

these collections resulted in analysis of fish that fell into two broad categories;

anadromous/amphidromous and marine.

It should be emphasized that because of the potential and variable presence of

distant sourced anthropogenic and naturally present compounds, in addition to

those coming from petroleum exploration and production, it was not expected that

all of the reference sites would have lower concentrations than the project sites for

trace substances and the contaminants assayed in fish. It should also be emphasized

that we are unaware at the onset of this study of PCBs and pesticides coming from

petroleum production. These compounds were included in the study mainly

because of their potential to affect contaminant biomarkers that would also respond

to petroleum and because they are a concern for subsistence users in the area.

Organochlorines have been found on oil field roads in the Kenai Peninsula where

waste oil has been used for dust control. Waste fluids (not necessarily oils) were

used in the Prudoe Bay field for dust control on roads (D. Prentki, MMS, personal

communication). There are also confirmed reports of an organochlorine spill on the

nearby Colville River (State of AK, 2000). Also, there are reports of historic spiking

of the oil reservoir in the Colville river watershed with PCBs to be used as tracers. (S.

Florio, personal communication).

Fish investigated in this study fall into two broad categories based on the areas of

the nearshore Beaufort Sea that they inhabit. Broad and Humpback Whitefish and

Arctic Cisco represent the anadromous/amphidromous fish, and the nonanadromous (marine) fish are represented by Arctic Cod and Four Horn Sculpin.

The Cisco and Whitefish are the most important of these species with regard to

subsistence diet and commercial fisheries, though Arctic Cod are apparently utilized

for human and dog food as well. The Four Horn Sculpin has minimal importance for

subsistence use (Craig, 1984, 1989). The literature on the anadromous fish is well

represented by investigations of aspects of their life history, particularly with respect

to effects of oil and gas industry causeways and other structures (West Dock and

Endicott) on summer (open water) movements of fish (Fechhelm, 1999, Fechhelm

and Bryan, 1994, Fechhelm et al, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, Schmidt et

al, 1989, and Griffiths et al, 1992, and 1998). The two marine fish species sampled in

this study (Arctic Cod and Four Horn Sculpin) are not as well represented in the

literature with regard to life history or local effects, however there have been a few

useful studies conducted (Barber et al., 1997; Craig, 1984; Goldberg et al., 1987;

Graham and Hop, 1995).

There are several aspects of fish life history that are important when considering the

measurement and interpretation of contaminants in their tissues and in attempting

to determine the sources of the contaminants. These aspects are of particular

importance to this study due to our investigation of both marine and anadromous

fish with widely divergent life history patterns. The Cisco and Whitefish overwinter

in the Sagavanirktok and, to a much larger extent, the Colville River. This means

that they are only present in the project area for an average of 12 weeks per year and
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Unit in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Page 8

are generally restricted to the narrow band of warm brackish water within a few

hundred meters of the shore. The significance of this may be directly related to

tissue residues of contaminants found in these fish. While it is generally understood

that most tissue contaminants in fish are a result of dietary uptake, tissue residues

may also be a result of contaminants passing through the gills and skin as well.

Schmidt et al., (1989) described very limited feeding of overwintering Cisco and

Whitefish from the Sagavanirktok River, and a slightly higher level of feeding of

overwintering fish from the Colville River. Also, Kline et al. (1999) found stable

isotope evidence to support some contribution of freshwater carbon to the diet of

these fish species in the Prudhoe Bay area. This means that although it is likely that

tissue contaminant residues in these fish are largely a result of massive summer

feeding in the nearshore Beaufort Sea, some may also be reflective of winter

freshwater uptake.

The regional geography and North Slope oil and gas industry developments

probably also play a significant role in tissue contaminant residues with different

effects on the anadromous versus marine species. Griffiths et al., (1992) claims that

smaller Cisco and Whitefish collected east of West Dock are mostly fish that

overwinter in the Sagavanirktok River, while those species collected west of West

Dock (Stump Island) are mostly from the Coleville River. All of these issues most

likely play a significant role in contaminant uptake for the fish from this study.

The Four Horn Sculpin and Arctic Cod are found further offshore and are

apparently less influenced by nearshore conditions. Kline et al., (1999) characterized

the carbon in Four Horn Sculpin as marine in origin and did not indicate an

influence of freshwater carbon sources on this species. Though both the Arctic Cod

and Four Horn Sculpin are marine fish, they appear to have widely divergent life

history patterns. The Cod are more pelagic and appear to be more heavily

influenced in their movements by prevailing winds than the Sculpin. They are found

in large aggregations, both offshore and onshore, and during the summer may be

found in large concentrations in the narrow band of brackish water along the shore.

The Sculpin are found throughout the project area both onshore and offshore. In

general, Sculpin species are not known for large seasonal migrations. Arctic Cod and

Four Horn Sculpin have been recommended by the Arctic Monitoring and

Assessment Program (AMAP) as candidate monitoring species because of their

limited movement and association with the marine environment.

2.0 Methods

2.1 Fish Collections

The field program collected multiple species of fish from “impact” sites, and

“reference” sites. The “impact” site for platform effects was around the Northstar

production island (already under construction at the outset of Task 8). The refernce

for this site was the Liberty area proposed for future development. The other sites

were chosen in the course of the study to characterize the regional conditions when

vessel time at the platforms restricted our collection time. These sites included

Stump Island, a few miles south of Northstar and west of West Dock; Point Brower,
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a few miles southeast of the Endicott Causeway in the Sagavanirktok River delta,

and Bullen Point, (DEW line site) approximately 5 miles southeast of the Liberty site

(Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Locations of 2001 fish collection locations (yellow circles).

A combination of fyke net sets, gill net sets and trawl net hauls were used to capture

fish in the summer of 2001 during the middle of the open water season. The field

collections of fish occurred from July 25 to August 13, 2001. Methods were utilized

according to site topography i.e., gill nets and trawls were used at the project sites

(offshore), and fyke nets and gill nets were used at the reference sites (onshore).

Fyke nets can be set in deep water by divers, however, budgetary and logistical

constraints resulted in use of gill nets and trawls at Liberty and Northstar.

Consideration should be given to the use of fyke nets at Northstar (and Liberty if it

is completed) on the armored subsurface of the production islands for possible

future collection efforts. This would require use of heavy weights to anchor the gear

as rebar stakes (the traditional anchoring system for nearshore sites) could not be

hammered into the concrete surface. This could be done, but would require a higher

level of effort than the traditionally utilized anchoring system. Table 1 lists the

latitude/longitude of each collection site and the collection method(s) employed.
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Table 1. Fish collection locations and method(s)

Site Name Location (Lat./Long.) Method of Capture

Stump Island (SIS) N70 ̊25.958’ W148 ̊41.922’ fyke net

Northstar (N) N70 ̊29.611’ W148 ̊41.813’ trawl and gill net

Point Brower (PBS) N70 ̊17.650’ W147 ̊49.211’ fyke net

Liberty (L) N70 ̊16.672’ W147 ̊30.331’ trawl and gill net

Bullen Point (BPS) N70 ̊10.524’ W146 ̊50.494’ fyke net and gill net

Fyke nets were deployed through use of a small outboard-engine-powered inflatable

boat owned and operated by Kinnetic Laboratories Incorporated (KLI). For the

Stump Island site we mobilized from West Dock. For the Point Brower site we

mobilized from Endicott, and for the Bullen Point site we mobilized from the MMS

launch 1273 which anchored near the site. The fyke nets were set in a similar fashion

at each of the fyke net sites, though differences in site topography resulted in slight

differences in the way that the nets were deployed at each site. In general, the lead

was positioned perpendicular to the shoreline and started onshore, so that fish could

not swim between the shore and the lead. The lead was then anchored on the

bottom with re-bar stakes all the way out to the end, approximately 30 meters. The

length of the lead varied at each site, dependent on water depth. The maximum

water depth being approximately 120 cm, the depth that a person (of average

height), wearing chest waders can safely work. Next, one side of the trap was

attached to the lead, and the wing was attached to the other side of the trap. The

wing was then stretched parallel to the shoreline and anchored with re-bar. The end

of the wing was always positioned up current from the trap. Both the lead and the

wing are rectangular nets that have corks on the top and weights on the bottom. The

mesh is approximately 3 cm stretched. This method of utilizing fyke nets has been

and continues to be heavily practiced on the North Slope (though often the nets are

set up with two wings, so that the net will capture fish going in either direction

along the shore). It is particularly effective as many of the anadromous/

amphidromous fish of the region utilize the narrow band of brackish, relatively

warm water next to the shore. Fish were retrieved from the fyke nets every 24 hours,

unless inclement weather precluded access to the nets. To retrieve fish from the trap,

we positioned the boat next to the trap and released fish from the trap into a holding

net. The fish were then immediately sorted, and any unnecessary fish were released

unharmed. The fish that were kept for the study were placed in a clean seawater

filled plastic tub with a lid, and transported as quickly as possible to the dissection

lab.

Trawls were conducted around both the Northstar production island and the area

slated for the Liberty project. The net was a small (approx. 3 m width) scientific

sampling otter trawl set up for bottom trawling (as opposed to mid-water trawling).

The net was deployed from the MMS launch 1273, an 11m-long aluminum vessel

with a draft of 1.3 m. The net was deployed and retrieved with a single winch wire

that was tied to the trawl doors. Tows were typically 1 mile in length and speed over

bottom averaged approximately 2.5 knots. Water depth varied from approximately

5-15 m. Contact with the bottom was determined by inspecting the polishing of the

metal runners on the bottom of the trawl doors. Additional information about the

location, duration, speed and depth of the individual tows may be found in Table 1
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and in Appendix A. Note that Table 1 only lists one trawl location for each trawl

site. There were actually multiple trawl locations for each trawl site but they were all

very close together.

Gill nets were deployed at Northstar, Liberty and Bullen Point. The nets were cut

from old commercial herring nets formerly used in the San Francisco Bay (CA)

fishery. They are knotted monofilament nets of approximately 5.5cm (stretched)

mesh, an appropriate size for collection of most of the Beaufort Sea fishes, with the

exception of young of the year Coreogonids and Char, and small Cod and Snailfish.

The nets were approximately 70m long and 8m deep and were rigged with anchors

and floats, enabling them to sit on the sea floor. They often fished the entire water

column as they were typically set in less than 8m of water, and the fairly light

currents did not lay them over.

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was determined for each of the methods. These

determinations do not include mobilization and demobilization times (which differ

widely for each method), and include the entire catch for each method, rather than

just the fish that were selected for the study. Additionally, the CPUE’s were

determined for each gear type, and included all use of each gear type at all sites. The

CPUE for fyke nets was 1.5 fish per hour, for gill nets was 10.6 fish per hour, and for

trawls was 17.7 fish per hour.

Due to the uncertainty in knowing which species and how many fish would be

captured at each site, a flexible approach was taken for species selection. In addition

to the objectives previously identified, goals for fish collections included:

1. To sample fish species that are important components of local human

subsistence diets, and

2. To sample species with maximum local site fidelity, so that their tissues might

reflect uptake of local sources of contaminants.

These additional goals were met despite the relatively depauperate nature and low

diversity of local fish populations. We kept most of the fish captured at each site,

then chose the most appropriate species for analysis after the collections were

completed. Multiple fish species were captured using fyke nets, otter trawls, and

gillnets. Of these, eight species were collected and dissected: Four Horn Sculpin

(Myxocephalus quadricornus), Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida), Broad Whitefish

(Coreogonus nasus), Humpback Whitefish (Coreogonus pidschian), Arctic Cisco

(Coreogonus autumnalis), Dolly Varden Char (Salvelinus malma), Arctic Flounder

(Pleuronectes glacialis), and Snailfish (Liparidae). The Dolly Varden, Arctic Flounder,

and Snailfish were not analyzed. Their tissues have been archived for potential future

analysis. The original design of the field program was based on obtaining two years of

data in 2000 and 2001, so that comparisons between years could be made. It was

thought that potential differences in tissue contaminant residues and biomarker data

from species collected at the same locations during ensuing field seasons might allow

some determination of annual variability in contaminants. The original design was

changed due to poor fish catches during the first field season in 2000. The poor catch

was a result of several factors, including an enforced late start to the field season and

limited access to the vessel in order to accommodate the needs of the other tasks.

These issues were overcome to some extent during the second field season, during
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which more successful fish collections were made at multiple locations. The reported

data are therefore from 2001 samples only.

2.1.1 Fish Dissections and Sample Storage

Dissections began as soon as possible after the daily fish collection was completed

and the fish were brought to the dissection area. Fish collected at Stump Island and

Northstar were dissected at British Petroleum’s (formerly ARCO) seawater

treatment plant at the end of West Dock. Fish collected at Point Brower and Liberty

were dissected at Endicott, and fish collected at Bullen Point were dissected on the

MMS launch 1273.

Jordan Gold, one of the Task 8 investigators, directed the dissections and was

assisted by either two or three other ANIMIDA scientists depending on availability

of personnel. One individual did all of the record keeping, filled out the dissection

forms and made the labels for all of the tissue containers. Another individual

removed fish from the holding tank, sacrificed them with a sharp blow to the head,

and then weighed and measured the fish before providing them to the dissector.

When only three people were involved, the same individual then positioned the

containers for the deposit of the tissues provided by the dissector, and sealed each

container after it was filled with the appropriate tissue and fixative (if used). The

same individual also removed bile from the gall bladder with the help of the

dissector, and deposited the bile into the bile container (a factory cleaned small glass

vial with a Teflon lined cap) and then placed the container on dry ice. When a third

scientist was available, that person took over the duties of processing the bile

samples.

Dissections were accomplished in a very similar fashion regardless of the species

being dissected. This description is for the basic process, without regard to minor

differences required by the different species. Prior to the beginning of the

dissections, a brief meeting was conducted to assign duties and discuss any issues

for the upcoming dissections, including the order in which each species would be

dissected. This was of issue as free flowing seawater was not available, so as the

dissection process wore on, the water quality in the fish holding tank degraded. To

minimize the chances of the fish dying prior to the end of the dissections,

assessments were made as to the relative “toughness” of the individual fish species.

The order in which fish were removed from the tank was generally as follows: Dolly

Varden (Char), Arctic Cisco, Arctic Cod, Humpback Whitefish, Broad Whitefish,

Snailfish, Arctic Flounder, and Four Horn Sculpin. This order varied on a daily

basis, as all species were not caught during each collection event. Once the order of

dissections was determined and everyone was ready, the fish dissections began. In

general, each dissection took approximately 3 minutes, with approximately 3

minutes in between each dissection to store the dissected tissues, rinse the dissection

gear and get the containers labeled for the next dissection. Once the dissections

began, they continued non-stop until all fish were processed and tissues were

stored.

The required containers were labeled, all dissection gear was detergent washed,

rinsed with deionized (DI) water, washed with dilute HCL, rinsed with DI water,
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washed with methanol and rinsed with DI water. All of the personnel handling

tissues wore nitrile gloves and washed and rinsed their gloves in the same fashion as

the dissection instruments. This process for cleaning gear/gloves was repeated prior

to handling each fish. After being removed from the holding tank, sacrificed,

measured on a millimeter scale plastic measuring board, weighed on a pesola

balance (100g or 20kg scale depending on fish size), the fish was placed on the nylon

dissection board. The dissector then snipped off a small piece of gill arch for P4501A,

and opened up the fish by slicing from the anus through the pectoral girdle and up

to the gills with a scalpel, thus exposing the organs within the peritoneal cavity.

Depending on species and fish size, a second cut was sometimes made through the

musculature dorsal of the pectoral girdle to facilitate exposure of the peritoneal

cavity. The gall bladder was then located and bile was removed through the use of a

small gauge pre-cleaned syringe. A snip of liver, gut, heart (whole heart in small

fish), kidney, spleen, muscle (from the belly) and gonad was then removed for

P4501A, and all P4501A samples were placed in an HDPE container. The sex was

visually determined if possible, notes were made about irregularities (such as fin

deformities, lesions, abnormal characteristics, or swollen or discolored organs),

peritoneal fat and parasites, and the remaining carcass was then either placed in a

factory-cleaned glass container, or if too large, was wrapped in combusted foil and

then placed in a Ziploc bag for future organics and metals analyses. The carcasses

were placed on dry ice if on the boat, or in a freezer if ashore. The bile was frozen on

dry ice prior to being placed in a freezer. The P4501A samples were fixed in 10%

formalin in seawater. Additionally, rinse blanks (equipment blanks) of the dissection

gear were periodically taken by collecting DI water poured over cleaned dissection

gear to ensure that the cleaning procedures were adequate, and that they were not

contributing (assayed) contaminants to the tissue samples. These blanks were

collected into factory cleaned glass containers, and were frozen for shipment to the

analytical labs.

At the end of the field season, P4501A samples and frozen bile samples (packed with

dry ice) were shipped to AMS’s facilities in California and the frozen carcasses were

shipped to ICF’s facilities in Massachusetts. On arrival at the laboratories, the

samples were logged in and either placed in freezers (carcasses and bile) or stored at

room temperature (P4501A).

The determination was then made as to which samples should be analyzed. ICF was

notified and they homogenized the carcasses and archived portions in their freezers

for possible metals analyses. These archived portions were later shipped to Dr. John

Trefry’s lab in Melbourne, Florida (Florida Institute of Technology) where the metals

analyses were conducted. AMS shipped the bile samples to Dr. Peggy Krahn’s lab in

Seattle, Washington (National Marine Fisheries Service), and the P4501A samples to

Dr. John Stegeman’s lab in Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Woods Hole Oceanographic

Institute).

Though notes were taken of parasites, deformities/irregularities, and peritoneal fat,

no analysis was undertaken that utilized this information. These notes are in the

individual dissection sheets in the appendices.
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2.2 Analyses of Contaminants and Biomarkers

The analyses included organic (i.e., petroleum and non-petroleum related) and

metal parameters in tissues, bile FAC’s (a marker of short-term on time scales of

hours to days, exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons), and the biomarker CYP1A (a

marker of exposure to aromatic and some chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., coplanar

PCBs, for periods of days to weeks). Analytes are listed in Table 2.

Table 2. List of all assayed analytes.

Whole Body Organic Compounds

8 - 2,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl (Cl2) lindane

18 - 2,2',5-Trichlorobiphenyl (Cl3) Mirex

28 - 2,4,4'-Trichlorobiphenyl (Cl3) Toxaphene

44 - 2,2',3,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4) Naphthalene

52 - 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4) Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

66 - 2,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4) Biphenyl

101 - 2,2',4,5,5'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5) C1-Naphthalenes

105 - 2,3,3',4,4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5) C2-Naphthalenes

118 - 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5) C3-Naphthalenes

128 - 2,2',3,3',4,4'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6) C4-Naphthalenes

138 - 2,2',3,4,4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6) Acenaphthylene

153 - 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6) Acenaphthene

170 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7) Anthracene

180 - 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7) Dibenzothiophene

187 - 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7) C1-Dibenzothiophenes

195 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6-Octachlorobiphenyl (Cl8) C2-Dibenzothiophenes

206 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Nonachlorobiphenyl (Cl9) C3-Dibenzothiophenes

209 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-Decachlorobiphenyl (Cl10) Fluorene

2,4'-DDD C1-Fluorenes

2,4'-DDE C2-Fluorenes

2,4'-DDT C3-Fluorenes

4,4'-DDD Phenanthrene

4,4'-DDE C1-Phenanthrenes/anthracenes

4,4'-DDT C2-Phenanthrenes/anthracenes

Aldrin C3-Phenanthrenes/anthracenes

alpha-Chlordane C4-Phenanthrenes/anthracenes

cis-Nonachlor Benzo[a]anthracene

gamma-Chlordane Chrysene

Heptachlor C1-Chrysenes

Heptachlor Epoxide C2-Chrysenes

Oxychlordane C3-Chrysenes

Methoxychlor C4-Chrysenes

trans-Nonachlor Fluoranthene
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alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane Pyrene

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane C1-Fluoranthenes/pyrenes

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane C2-Fluoranthenes/pyrenes

Endosulfan I C3-Fluoranthenes/pyrenes

Endosulfan II Benzo[a]pyrene

Endosulfan Sulfate Benzo[e]pyrene

Dieldrin Benzo[b]fluoranthene

Endrin Benzo[k]fluoranthene

Endrin Aldehyde Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene

Endrin Ketone Perylene

hexachlorobenzene Indeno[1,2,3,-c,d]pyrene

Bile Fluorescent Compounds

PHN Equivalents (ng/g) BaP Equivalents (ng/g)

P4501A Response

liver hepatocytes skin/muscle vascular endothelium

liver vascular endothelium gonad vascular endothelium

liver bile ducts gut mucus epithelium

gill pillar cells gut vascular endothelium

gill epithelium spleen vascular endothelium

gill vascular endothelium heart atrial endothelium

kidney tubules heart ventricle endothelium

kidney vascular endothelium

Whole Body Metal

arsenic mercury

barium nickel

cadmium lead

chromium selenium

copper vanadium

iron zinc
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2.2.1 Tissue Organic Residue Analyses

Tissue organic residue analysis was conducted through analysis of PAHs with

GC/MS (gas chromatograph mass spectrometry) and the PCBs and pesticides

through GC/ECD (gas chromatograph electron capture detection). The PCB and

pesticide data reflect individual lifetime exposure to non-metabolized organic

compounds, while PAH residues reflect some fraction of accumulated PAH, i.e., the

non-metabolized fraction.

This section describes the sample preparation and analytical methods that were used

in performing the organic chemical analyses.

2.2.1.1 Tissue Sample Preparation

The entire fish body was homogenized for all samples. A 5-gram aliquot was

removed from each homogenized fish sample, frozen, and sent to John Trefry at

Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) for metals analysis. Since metals determinations

were to be performed on the homogenized tissue samples, the use of stainless steel

utensils were avoided when handling the tissue samples. Whenever possible,

Teflon“ coated or titanium utensils were used to handle the tissue samples.

Samples were grouped together into four batches of 20 or fewer samples plus

associated quality control samples. The level of contamination in the samples was

expected to be low. A procedural blank (PB), blank spike (BS), laboratory duplicate,

and tissue standard reference material (SRM) sample were extracted with each batch

of tissue samples.

A 5-gram aliquot of each homogenized sample was removed for dry weight

determination. Approximately 15 grams wet weight of tissue homogenate was

transferred to a clean Teflon“ centrifuge tube for digestion. The remainder of the

homogenate was re-labeled and stored frozen as archived samples.

Thirty (30) mL of pre-extracted 6N potassium hydroxide and the surrogates were

added to each homogenized tissue sample. The surrogates used were naphthalened8, acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10, and benzo[a]pyrene-d12 for PAH analysis

and dibromo-octafluorobiphenyl, PCB 103, and PCB 198 for PCB and pesticide

analysis. Surrogate compounds were spiked into all tissue samples at the low-level

because target compound concentrations in the samples were expected to be at trace

levels. The container was then flushed with purified nitrogen, sealed, and allowed to

digest overnight in a hot water bath at approximately 35°C. After digestion, 30 mL of

ethyl ether was added to each sample and the mixture was agitated on an orbital

shaker for 5 minutes. The samples were then centrifuged at 2,000 revolutions per

minute (rpm) for 5 minutes to facilitate phase separation. The ether layer was

removed using a Pasteur pipette and filtered through sodium sulfate into a 250-mL

K-D apparatus. The ether extraction of the digest was repeated twice, and the ether

extracts combined in the K-D apparatus. The combined ether extract from each

sample was reduced in volume to approximately 1 mL by K-D and nitrogen

concentration techniques. The extracts were then exchanged to methylene chloride
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and an aliquot was removed and weighed on an electrobalance for total nonsaponifiable, lipid-weight determinations.

2.2.1.2 Extract Fractionation

The fish tissue extracts were fractionated in order to remove potential interference

and to improve the quality of the analysis at trace levels. Prior to fractionation, the

sample extracts were exchanged from hexane to methylene chloride under nitrogen.

The fractionation was performed using a 30-cm by 1-cm column that was wet-packed

in methylene chloride with 100 percent activated silica gel/5 percent deactivated

alumina/activated copper (approximately 11:1:2 g) and preconditioned with 30 mL

methylene chloride followed by 30 mL of hexane. The sample extract (which had

been verified to be less than 50 mg extractable material per 1 mL) was loaded onto

the column. The sample was eluted with 18 mL of hexane and the isolated saturate

(f1) fraction was collected. This was followed by 21 mL of hexane:methylene chloride

(1:1) to isolate the aromatic (f2) fractions.

2.2.1.3 Internal Standard Addition

The extracts (or extract fractions) were reduced to a measured final volume under a

stream of nitrogen. The final sample extracts were spiked with PAH and

pesticide/PCB internal standards, as appropriate for each extract or fraction. In

general, the extracts were concentrated to approximately 250 microliter (μL) before

adding the internal standards in order to lower detection limits. The internal

standard compounds used were chrysene-d12 and fluorene-d10 for PAH analysis

and tetrachlorometaxylene for pesticide/PCB analysis.

2.2.1.4 Organic Instrumental Analysis

Instrumental analysis of the tissue samples was performed by GC/MS for PAHs and

by GC/ECD for pesticides and PCBs. The laboratory SOPs include the acceptability

criteria for the calibration, procedural blank, surrogate compound recoveries, and

spike recoveries, as well as the corrective action if the criteria are not met, reporting

requirements, and method detection limit (MDL) protocols. The data quality

objectives (DQO) for these analyses are summarized in Tables 3 and 4.

2.2.1.5 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Analysis for PAHs was performed according to ICFs SOP ICF-2827, “Determination

of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Selected Heterocyclic Compounds by

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in the Selected Ion Monitoring Mode.”

(see US EPA 1993; method 8270). ICF’s PAH analysis method is a modified version of

EPA’s SW-846 Method 8270. The target PAHs compounds are listed in Table 2. The

GC/MS was operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode to obtain the desired

sensitivity. The GC/MS was first tuned with perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) to

verify accurate mass assignment and to maximize the sensitivity of the instrument in

the mass range of interest (100 to 300 atomic mass units). After tuning, an initial

calibration was performed which consisted of five calibration standards, at different
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concentration levels, spanning the concentration range of interest. Average response

factors for each target compound and surrogate are calculated from the initial

calibration standards relative to the internal standard compounds added to the

sample extracts just prior to instrumental analysis (internal standardization).

Continuing calibration standards, at a mid-range concentration level, were analyzed

every 18 hours or after every 12 sample analyses to monitor sensitivity and linearity

of the GC/MS. The average response factors generated from the initial calibration

were used to calculate the concentrations of target compounds and surrogates in the

environmental and quality control samples. The recoveries of the surrogate

compounds spiked into the samples prior to extraction were used to assess samplespecific extraction efficiency. The target compound concentrations were adjusted

based on sample-specific surrogate recoveries to correct for differences in extraction

efficiency (surrogate corrected).

2.2.1.6 Chlorinated Pesticides and PCB Congeners by Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture

Detector

Analysis for pesticides and PCBs was performed according to ICFs SOP ADL-2818,

“Determination of Chlorinated Pesticides and PCB Congeners by Gas

Chromatography/Electron Capture Detection.” (see US EPA 1993; method

8081/8082). ICF’s pesticide and PCB congener analysis method is a modified version

of EPA’s SW-846 Method 8081 using dual, dissimilar columns and dual detectors. A

Restek RTX-5 column (or equivalent) was used as the primary column and a DB-17

column (or equivalent) was used as the confirmation column. The target pesticide

and PCB congeners compound lists are listed in Table 2. Prior to sample analysis, an

initial calibration was performed which consisted of five calibration standards at

different concentration levels ranging from 1 to 200 ng/mL. Average calibration

factors for each target compound and surrogate were calculated from the initial

calibration standards (external standardization). Continuing calibration standards, at

a mid-range concentration level, were analyzed every 18 hours or after every 10

sample analyses to monitor sensitivity, retention time stability, and linearity of the

GC/ECD. Sample analyses were performed after acceptable calibration analyses

were obtained. The average calibration factors generated from the initial calibration

were used to calculate the concentrations of target compounds and surrogates in the

environmental and quality control samples. When coelution occurred between one or

more target compounds or when interference occurred on the primary column, the

results were reported from the confirmation column for the affected compounds.

Compound identification was based on 1) detecting a peak within the established

retention time window for a specific compound on both the primary and

confirmation columns and 2) the analyst’s judgment. The recoveries of the surrogate

compounds spiked into the sample prior to extraction were used to assess samplespecific extraction efficiency. The target compound concentrations were adjusted

based on sample-specific surrogate recoveries to correct for differences in extraction

efficiency.
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2.2.1.7 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Quality Control

Data Quality Objectives and Quality Control Samples

A set of DQOs was established for the program to ensure that the analytical data

would be of the quality necessary to achieve the project objectives. The DQOs were

adapted from the specific laboratory analytical SOPs and were included in the

laboratory workplan specific for the program. They are included here as Tables 3 and

4. Tables 5 and 6 summarize the quality control results for PAH’s, PCB’s and

pesticides.

For processing, samples were grouped together in batches of 20 field samples, plus

associated QC samples. In general, the QC samples processed with each batch of

tissue samples included one procedural blank, one blank spike, one SRM (Tissue

SRM 1974a), and one duplicate analysis. The blank spike sample was fortified with

PAH, pesticide, and PCB matrix spike solutions.

There were a number of additional measures added to the processing of the samples

to monitor QC and to aid in the assessment of the data’s usability with respect to the

program objectives. An important part of this is the evaluation of specific QC

samples for accuracy, precision, and potential contamination. The following is a

general description of some elements.

2.2.1.8 Solvent and Standard Checks

Prior to sample analysis, every lot of solvent used in the analytical process was

analyzed in duplicate to verify that it was free of contamination and acceptable for

use. Likewise, prior to spiking the samples with surrogates and internal standards,

all standard preparation records were checked. No standards were used for an

analysis unless they had been approved for use.

2.2.1.9 Instrument Calibration

Before instrumental analysis of sample extracts, a multi-level calibration was

analyzed and the linearity of the analyte response factors were evaluated. A

continuing calibration standard was analyzed regularly to check the stability of the

instrument response. If the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the initial

calibration or the percent difference of the daily calibration did not meet the criteria

set in the SOP, a new calibration was run and the affected samples re-analyzed.

2.2.1.10 Reference Samples (for PAHs)

To assess the accuracy of the mixture used to calibrate the method, an independently

verified instrument standard reference material (IRM) was analyzed against the

calibration standard for PAH samples. The values of the analytes had to be within 15

percent of the target value for the calibration solution to be valid.

In addition, a solution of an assayed crude oil was analyzed with each initial

calibration sequence and the results were compared to a laboratory-established mean
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to assess method accuracy. The solution was also used to provide petroleum pattern

information and to aid in qualitative identification of target compounds.

2.2.1.11 Procedural Blank

A procedural blank was processed and analyzed with each analytical batch in order

to monitor potential contamination resulting from laboratory solvents, reagents,

glassware, and processing procedures.

2.2.1.12 Blank Spike

A blank matrix was spiked with representative target compounds prior to extraction

to assess the effect of the sample processing procedure independent of sample matrix

effects.

2.2.1.13 Laboratory Duplicate

A field sample was analyzed in duplicate to assess the precision of the method in the

target matrix.

2.2.1.14 Standard Reference Materials

A Standard Reference Material of a well-characterized sample of known

concentration was processed through sample preparation and instrumental analysis

with each batch of samples. The results were compared to externally certified values

to assess method accuracy. This program used tissue SRM 1974a provided by

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

2.2.1.15 Laboratory Records

The laboratory maintained detailed records throughout the processing of the

samples. All raw instrumental data were archived electronically. Completed records

or copies of forms were collated into a binder for final archive storage. The final

laboratory data package contains sufficient detail so that an external audit could be

performed. The documentation in the final data package includes:

• Lot numbers, vendor, and preparation records for reagents and standards

• Sample preparation records

• Analytical procedures used that are not documented in laboratory SOPs

• Instrument analysis records

• Instrument raw data hardcopy

• Documentation of observations or deviations encountered

2.2.1.16 Laboratory Data Review

The following describes the process of data reporting and review by the laboratory.

The chemistry data for each analysis were reduced and reviewed by the laboratory

staff and then assembled into the final data package. The assembled package was

peer reviewed and checked to ensure that the DQOs were met, that the analyses met

the program objectives, and that the data was traceable and defensible. The data was
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also reviewed for compliance with the documented procedures and quality objectives

in the work plan. Also, data was reviewed for internal consistency and against

expected or known values.

After the final laboratory data package review, it was subjected to a formal audit. The

audit process is coordinated by the QA Manager and follows the procedure outlined

in the ICF Data Review SOP. The formal audit process included a 100-percent review

of all hand-calculated values and a 20-percent review of computer-generated results.

The process also checked the traceability of a final result through the instrument

calibration and to the sample preparation steps. A formal report was issued to the

facility supervisors at the completion of the audit for response. Upon completion of

the responses, the auditor released the results to the Program Manager for review

and reporting. The final laboratory data package and the audit report are maintained

in the laboratory files.

2.2.1.17 Organics Quality Control Results

Laboratory QC samples were analyzed to assess precision and accuracy of the sample

preparation and analytical procedures. The number and type of laboratory QC

samples was based on the total number of field samples and as specified in ICF SOPs

and the Field Sampling and Logistics Plan (Arthur D. Little, 2001). For this program,

the following laboratory QC samples and measures were used to evaluate accuracy

and precision of the analytical data: surrogate recoveries, procedural blanks, blank

spike samples, laboratory duplicates, standard reference materials, and oil reference

standards. The results for the organic QC samples and measures are presented in

Appendix C, along with the results for the associated environmental samples.

Discussion and interpretation of the results are provided in the following sections.

2.2.1.18 Surrogate Results

Surrogate compounds were added to all environmental and QC samples prior to

sample preparation. These compounds were added to determine the efficiency of the

sample extraction and analysis procedures. Surrogate recoveries were evaluated to

assess analytical method accuracy relative to sample matrix and laboratory

performance.

For the PAH analyses, all of the environmental and QC sample surrogate recoveries

were within the recovery acceptance limits, with several exceptions. Surrogates

acenaphthene-d10 and phenanthrene-d10 recovered low in sample N25-126-ACD;

naphthalene-d8 recovered low in samples N25-128-ACD, PBS-75-BW, L14-90-AD,

L14-96-FS, and BPS-109-FS; naphthalene-d8 and acenaphthene-d10 recovered low in

sample L14-92-AD; and benzo(a)pyrene-d12 recovered low in samples SIS-12-HW

and SIS-21-HW. Also, one blank spike had low recoveries for all four surrogates and

the associated method blank had low recoveries for two surrogates. The surrogate

recovery outliers ranged from 31 to 44 percent. The target compound results in the

affected samples are considered to be estimated values.

For the pesticide/PCB analyses, all of the environmental and QC sample surrogate

recoveries were within the recovery acceptance limits, with one exception. One blank
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spike had a low recovery for dibromo-octafluoro-biphenyl. The method blank and

associated field samples had acceptable surrogate recoveries indicating that the poor

extraction efficiency in the blank spike was an isolated occurrence, thus, the low

surrogate recovery in the blank spike do not adversely affect the quality or usability

of the associated environmental sample data.

2.2.1.19 Procedural Blanks

A laboratory procedural blank was prepared with each sample preparation batch by

extracting a blank sample matrix (sodium sulfate) as if it were one of the

environmental samples. Procedural blanks are used to assess the potential of

contamination introduced during sample preparation and analysis. PAH, pesticide,

and PCB analyses were performed on each PB.

For the PAH analyses, between five and eighteen PAH target compounds were

detected at trace concentration less than the MRL in each of the tissue PBs. For the

pesticide and PCB analyses, between one and three pesticides and between one and

ten PCBs were detected at trace concentrations less than the MRL in each of the tissue

PBs. One pesticide/PCB PB associated with samples BPS-121-FS and N25-126-ACD

was contaminated with the matrix spike solution at concentration above the MRL.

Inadequate sample mass was available to re-prepare and re-analyze these two

samples, and thus they have been reported, as is, along with the contaminated blank.

There is no indication that the associated samples were contaminated with the matrix

spike solution.

Environmental sample results that were within 5 times the associated PB

concentration were qualified with a “B” to indicate that the compound was also

present in the blank. Of the results that were qualified with a “B”, none of these

results were at concentrations greater than 5 times the sample-specific MRL. Results

that were qualified with a “B” may be biased high or may be false positives.

2.2.1.20 Blank Spike Sample Recoveries

A blank spike sample was prepared with each sample preparation batch by spiking a

blank sample matrix with known concentrations of a subset of the target compounds.

BSs are used to assess the accuracy of the sample preparation and analysis

procedures independent of sample matrix effects.

For the PAHs analyses, the recoveries of between three and sixteen compounds in

each tissue BS exceeded the acceptance criteria with recoveries ranging from 126 to

160 percent. The QC sample results were adjusted based on surrogate recoveries and

these exceedances may have resulted from lower surrogate recoveries in the BS

analysis. The affected target compound results in the associated samples are

considered to be estimated values and may be bias high.

For the pesticide/PCB analyses, all recovery criteria were met with several

exceptions: 4,4’-DDD recovered high in four of eight BSs; 2,4’-DDT recovered high in

three of eight BSs; 2,4’-DDE and dieldrin recovered high in two of eight BSs; and PCB

180 recovered high in one of eight BSs. The outlying BS recoveries ranged from 130-
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140 percent. The affected target compound results in the associated samples are

considered to be estimated values and may be bias high.

2.2.1.21 Laboratory Duplicates

Laboratory duplicates were prepared with each sample preparation batch by

extracting a second separate aliquot of an environmental sample. Laboratory

duplicates were evaluated to assess analytical precision related to laboratory

performance and sample matrix. PAH, pesticide, and PCB analyses were performed

on each laboratory duplicate.

For the PAH, pesticide, and PCB analyses, good laboratory duplicate precision was

noted with one exception. Several compounds in the pesticide and PCB duplicate

analysis of sample BPS-113-FS exceeded relative percent difference (RPD) criterion of

less than 30 percent for all compounds detected at concentrations greater than 2 times

the MRL. The results for this sample should be considered estimated due to potential

sample heterogeneity. For the remaining field duplicate pairs, the RPDs were less

than 30 percent for all of the compounds detected at concentrations above two times

the MRL and for the majority of the compounds detected at concentrations below

two times the MRL. The laboratory duplicate precision criterion does not apply to

compounds detected below two times the MRL due to increased variability at low

concentrations. (RPD was calculated as the absolute difference between the two

measurements divided by the mean of the two measurements).

2.2.1.22 Standard Reference Materials

Instrument Standard Reference Materials (IRM) were analyzed with each

instrumental analytical sequence to assess accuracy of the instrument calibration. A

matrix-specific SRM was prepared and analyzed with each sample preparation batch

to assess accuracy of the analytical method relative to sample preparation and

analysis procedures. PAH, pesticide, and PCB analyses were performed on each

SRM.

Instrument SRM (IRM)

IRM 1491 was analyzed prior to each PAH, pesticide, and PCB analytical sequence.

The percent differences (%Ds) of the measured values versus the certified values

were within 15 percent for all instrument SRMs with several exceptions. PCB 101 and

PCB 128 recovered high in one IRM (15.4 and 17%, respectively) and 4,4’-DDD

recovered low in two IRMs (-23.4 and -27.4%). The PCB 101 and PCB 128 results may

be bias high in the associated samples and the 4,4’-DDD results may be bias low in

the associated samples.

Tissue SRM

SRM 1974a was prepared and analyzed for PAHs, pesticides, and PCBs along with

the tissue samples.

For the pesticide/PCB analyses, all of the compound concentrations were within 35

percent of the certified values with the following three exceptions: cis-Nonachlor

recovered high in two of eight SRMs (66.7 and 57.9 percent) and dieldrin recovered
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high in one SRM (54.2 percent). The affected target compound results in the

associated samples are considered to be estimated values and may be bias high.

For the PAH analyses, all of the compound concentrations were within 35 percent of

the certified values with the following exceptions: anthracene recovered high in all

SRMs (215, 37.5, 197, 118, 130, 149, and 138 percent); acenaphthylene recovered high

in one SRM (155 percent); phenanthrene recovered high in one SRM (43.2 percent);

benzo(b)fluoranthene recovered high in two SRMs (51.1 and 60.8 percent);

benzo(k)fluoranthene recovered high in 3 SRMs (70.5, 53.1, and 58.1 percent);

benzo(e)pyrene recovered high in two SRMs (38.1 and 35.7 percent);

benzo(g,h,i)perylene recovered high in two SRMs (52.7 and 40.4 percent); and

naphthalene recovered high in two SRMs and low in one (56.6, 82.1, and –47.2

percent).

The high recoveries of anthracene are consistent with the results obtained for this

compound in multiple (more than 40 samples) analyses of SRM 1974a over the last

four years by ICF. This QC issue does not impact the quality or usability of the

associated sample data since acceptable recoveries for anthracene were noted in the

IRM analyses, and since it appears that the certified value for anthracene in NIST

SRM 1974a is incorrect. The results in the tissue samples for the remaining

compounds may be biased high as indicated by the high recoveries in the tissue SRM.

These SRM exceedances have a minor impact on the quality and usability of the

associated sample data since the exceedances were not extreme and did not result in

any data being considered unusable.

2.2.1.23 Control Oil Analyses

A North Slope crude oil sample was analyzed prior to each analytical sequence for

PAHs. The results of the North Slope Crude oil analyses were used to evaluate

accuracy of the analytical methods, provide a chromatographic pattern for

comparisons with samples, and provide an independent check of the quantitation for

alkyl PAHs. Results of the control oil analyses were compared to laboratory mean

values generated from multiple analyses of the oils. All of the PAH results were

within the acceptance limits.
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Table 3. Data Quality Objectives – PAHs by GC/MS/SIM

Element or Sample

Type

Minimum Frequency Acceptance Criteria

MS Tuning Check Prior to each analytical

sequence

Using PFTBA:

m/z 69: base peak abundance set to

high sensitivity

m/z 219: 30-60% of base peak

abundance

m/e 502: 2-8% of base peak

Initial Calibration Prior to every batch

sequence.

5 point curve; %RSD £25% for 90%

of compounds and £35% for all

compounds

Continuing

Calibration

Every 12 field samples or 16

hours (whichever is more

frequent) and at end of

analytical sequence

%RSD £25% for 90% of compounds

and %RSD £35% for all

compounds.

Oil Reference

Sample (North

Slope Crude)

After each initial calibration

sequence

%D £35% from laboratory

established target value (use

surrogate corrected results)

Instrumental SRM

(SRM 1491)

After each initial calibration

sequence

%D £15% from target value for all

certified compounds (use surrogate

corrected results)

Procedural Blank Every preparation batch of

20 or fewer samples

No more than 2 compounds to

exceed 5x target MDL unless

compound not detected in

associated sample(s) or associated

sample compound concentration is

>5x blank value

Standard Reference

Material

Every preparation batch of

20 or fewer samples

%D £35% from target value for all

certified compounds (use surrogate

corrected results)

Blanks Spike Every preparation batch of

20 or fewer samples

%R 35-125%; RPD £35%

Laboratory

Duplicate

Every preparation batch of

20 or fewer samples

RPD £30% for all compounds at

concentrations >2x MRL

Surrogate

Compounds

Every sample %R 35-125% for d8-naphthalene and

d12-benzo[a]pyrene; 45-125% for

d10-acenaphthene and d10-

phenanthrene

Internal Standard

Compounds

Every sample Area response 50-200% of previous

continuing calibration check

standard
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Table 4. Data Quality Objectives – Pesticides and PCB Congeners by GC/ECD

Element or Sample Type Minimum Frequency DQO/Acceptance Criteria

Initial Calibration Prior to every

instrument batch

sequence or as needed

indicated by continuing

calibration check

5 point curve; %RSD £25% for

90% of compounds and £35% for

all compounds

Continuing Calibration After every 10 field

samples or 18 hours,

whichever is more

frequent, and at end of

instrument batch

sequence

%RSD £25% for 90% of

compounds and %RSD £35% for

all compounds.

Instrumental SRM

(SRM 1491)

After each initial

calibration sequence

%D £15% from target value for

all certified compounds (use

surrogate corrected results)

Procedural Blank One per preparation

batch or one per 20

samples or one per

extraction type

No compound to exceed the

MRL

Blank Spike One per 20 samples Recovery between 45 and 125%

Laboratory Duplicate Every preparation batch

of 20 or fewer samples

RPD £30% for all compounds at

concentrations >2x MRL

Standard Reference

Materials

As requested

(approximately 1 set per

twenty field samples)

Percent difference within ± 35%

for certified compounds

Surrogate Standards Every sample and blank Recovery between 45 and 125%

Internal Standard

Compounds

Every sample Area response 50-200% of

previous continuing calibration

check standard
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Table 5. Organic Quality Control Result Summary – Polynuclear Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Analyses

QC Sample or

Measurement

Type

Acceptance Criteria Quality Control

Result Summary

Impact to Data

Quality and

Usability

Initial Calibration %RSD <25% for all

compounds (up to 10%

of compounds can be

>25%, but <35%)

All criteria were

met.

None.

Continuing

Calibration

%D <25% for all

compounds (up to 10%

of compounds can be

>25%, but <35%)

All criteria were

met.

None.

Surrogate

Recoveries

45 to 125% recovery

(35 – 125% for

d8-naphthalene)

d8-naphthalene (d8n)

d10-acenaphthene

(d10a)

d10-phenanthrene

(d10p)

d12-benzo(a)pyrene

(d12b)

All criteria were met

with the following

exceptions: d10a and

d10p recovered low

in N25-126-ACD;

d8n recovered low

in N25-128-ACD,

PBS-75-BW, L14-90-

AD, L14-96-FS, and

BPS-109-FS; d8n and

d10a recovered low

in L14-92-AD; and

d12b recovered low

in SIS-12-HW and

SIS-21-HW. Low

surrogate recoveries

were also noted in

one PB and BS.

Minor. The results

for affected tissue

samples should be

considered

estimated values

due to low

surrogate

recoveries.

Procedural Blank

(PB)

No compound to

exceed 5 times the

MDL unless sample

amount is >10 times

blank amount

All criteria were

met. Several PAHs

were detected in the

tissue blanks at trace

concentrations, but

were less than 5

times the MDL.

Minor. Results

within 5 times the

blank result were

qualified “B” and

may be biased

high or false

positives.
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Table 5. Organic Quality Control Result Summary – Polynuclear Aromatic

Hydrocarbon Analyses Continued...

QC Sample or

Measurement

Type

Acceptance Criteria Quality Control

Result Summary

Impact to Data

Quality and

Usability

Blank Spike (BS)

Sample

Recoveries

35 to 125% recovery

for spiked compounds

Each BS had 3 to 16

compounds with

high spike

recoveries ranging

from 126 to 160%.

Minor. Results for

these compounds

in the associated

samples may be

bias high.

Laboratory

Duplicate

RPD <30% for all

compounds >2 times

the MRL

All criteria were

met.

None.

Instrument SRM

(1491)

Measured values must

be within 15% of true

value for all certified

compounds

All criteria were

met.

None.

Tissue SRM

(1974a)

Measured values must

be within 30% of the

true value on average

for all compounds, not

to exceed 35% of true

value for more than

30% of the compounds

All criteria were met

for the tissue SRM,

with the exception

of high responses for

anthracene in 7 of 7

SRMs,

acenaphthylene in 1

of 7, phenanthrene

in 1 of 7, benzo(b)

fluoranthene 2 of 7;

benzo(k)fluoranthen

e in 3 of 7,

benzo(e)pyrene in 2

of 7, and

benzo(g,h,i)perylene

in 2 of 7; and low

responses for

naphthalene in 3 of 7

SRMs.

Minor. The

certified value for

naphthalene and

anthracene in SRM

1974a appears to

be incorrect based

on consistently

high anthracene

results in repeated

analyses over the

past four years.

The results for the

remaining

compounds in the

associated samples

may be bias high.

Oil Reference

Standard (North

Slope Crude)

%D <35% for

compounds above the

RL

All criteria were

met.

None.
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Table 6. Organic Quality Control Result Summary – Pesticide and PCB Congener

Analyses

QC Sample or

Measurement Type

Acceptance Criteria Quality Control Result

Summary

Impact to Data

Quality and

Usability

Initial Calibration 5 point curve;

%RSD £25% for

90% of compounds

and £35% for all

compounds

All criteria were met. None.

Continuing

Calibration

%RSD £25% for

90% of compounds

and %RSD £35%

for all compounds.

All criteria were met. None.

Surrogate

Recoveries

45 to 125%

recovery

All criteria were met

with the exception of

one low surrogate

recovery in blank

spike sample.

None. Surrogate

recoveries in all

field samples were

acceptable.

Procedural Blank No compound to

exceed the MRL

All criteria were met.

Several pesticides and

PCBs were detected at

trace concentrations

less than the MRL.

Minor. Results

within 5 times the

associated blank

result were

qualified with a

“B” and may be

biased high or may

be false positives.

Blank Spike (BS)

Sample Recoveries

45 to 125%

recovery for spiked

compounds

All criteria were met

with several

exceptions: 4,4’-DDD

recovered high in 4 of

8 BSs; 2,4’-DDT

recovered high in 3 of

8 BSs; 2,4’-DDE and

dieldrin recovered

high in 2 of 8 BSs; and

PCB 180 recovered

high in 1 of 8 BSs.

Minor. The 4,4’-

DDD, 2,4’-DDT,

2,4’-DDE, dieldrin,

PCB 180 results in

the associated

samples may be

biased high by 30-

40%.

Laboratory

Duplicate

RPD <30% for all

compounds >2

times the MRL

All criteria were met

with the exception of

several compounds in

lab duplicate pair of

sample 01-BPS-113-

PHC-T-FS-DUP.

Minor. The results

in sample 01-BPS113-PHC-T-FSDUP should be

considered

estimated due to

potential sample

heterogeneity.
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Table 6. Organic Quality Control Result Summary – Pesticide and PCB Congener

Analyses Continued...

QC Sample or

Measurement Type

Acceptance Criteria Quality Control Result

Summary

Impact to Data

Quality and

Usability

Tissue SRM (1974a) Measured values

must be within

30% of the true

value on average

for all compounds,

not to exceed 35%

of true value for

more than 30% of

the compounds

All criteria were met

with three exceptions:

cis-Nonachlor

recovered high in 2 of

8 SRMs and dieldrin

recovered high in 1 of

8 SRMs.

Minor. The cisNonachlor and

dieldrin results

may be bias high in

the associated

samples.

Instrument

Reference Material

(IRM)

%D £15% from

target value for all

certified

compounds

All criteria were met

with several

exceptions: PCB 101

and PCB 128

recovered high in one

IRM; and 4,4’-DDD

recovered low in two

IRMs.

Minor. The PCB

101 and PCB 128

results may be bias

high in the

associated samples

and the 4,4’-DDD

results may be bias

low in the

associated samples.

2.2.2 Trace Metals Analysis in Fish Tissue

Prior to acid digestion, the homogenized tissue samples received from ICF were

thawed and re-mixed with a Teflon stirring rod. The samples were then split into two

portions, one subsample to be digested wet for Hg and the other to be freeze-dried

and digested for determination of the remaining trace metals. The freeze-dried

subsamples also provided the percent water content data to convert the Hg results

from a wet-weight to dry-weight basis.

The concentrations of all metals (except Hg) were determined using 2 to 7 grams of

wet-weight tissue weighed into 100-mL glass digestion flasks. These subsamples

were freeze-dried, reweighed for percent water content, and then digested by the

sequential addition of concentrated, high-purity nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen

peroxide (H2O2), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) with gentle refluxing. Aliquots of tissue

Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) were digested along with the experimental

samples. Once the tissue samples and CRMs were completely dissolved, the clear

solutions were transferred to graduated cylinders, diluted to 20 mL with high-purity

reagent water (18 megohm resistivity) rinses of the digestion flasks, and then stored

in labeled 30-mL polyethylene screw-cap bottles for trace metal analysis.

Mercury determinations were carried out using 0.3 to 2 grams of wet tissue and dry

CRMs weighed into 50-mL glass digestion tubes. These subsamples were digested by

the addition of concentrated, high-purity HNO3 and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and
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refluxing at 90°C for 1 hour in the Sealed tubes. The dissolved samples were

transferred to graduated cylinders, diluted to 20 mL with high-purity reagent water

rinses of the digestion tubes, and then stored in labeled 30-mL polyethylene screwcap bottles.

Metal concentrations in the digested tissue samples, CRMs, and blanks were

determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace

atomic absorption atomic spectrometry (GFAAS) with Zeeman or continuum

background correction, cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), or

inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method used for each

element and the corresponding MDLs are given in Table 10. All analytical techniques

followed manufacturers’ specifications and SOPs on file at FIT. These methods are

based on EPA methods described for Series 7000 (FAAS and GFAAS), Series 7470

(CVAAS), and Series 6010A (ICP/MS) (EPA 1991).

2.2.2.1 Quality Control Measurements for Metal Analysis

For this project, QC measures included balance calibration, instrument calibration

(FAAS, GFAAS, Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

[ZGFAAS], CVAAS and ICP/MS), matrix spike analysis for each metal, duplicate

sample analysis, CRM analysis, procedural blank analysis and standard checks. With

each batch of up to 40 samples, 2 procedural blanks, 2 CRMs, 2 duplicate samples

and 2 matrix-spiked samples were analyzed.

Table 7. Summary of Instrumental Methods and Method Detection Limits for Metal

Analysis of Fish Tissue

Organisms

Metal Method MDLs (μg metal/g tissue dry weight)

As – arsenic ZGFAAS 0.03

Ba – barium ICP-MS 0.01

Cd – cadmium ICP-MS 0.001

Cr – chromium GFAAS 0.01

Cu – copper FAAS 0.7

Fe – iron FAAS 2.5

Hg – mercury CVAAS 0.001

Ni – nickel GFAAS 0.01

Pb – lead ICP-MS 0.003

Se – selenium ZGFAAS 0.03

V – vanadium GFAAS 0.01

Zn – zinc FAAS 0.4

Notes:

CVAAS = Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

FAAS = Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

GFAAS = Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ICP/MS = Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry

MDL = Method Detection Limit

ZGFAAS = Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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2.2.2.2 Instrument Calibration

Electronic balances used for weighing samples and reagents were calibrated prior to

each use with certified (National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST]

traceable) standard weights. All pipets (electronic or manual) were calibrated prior to

use. Each of the spectrometers used for metals analysis was initially standardized

with a three- to five-point calibration with a linear correlation coefficient of r=0.999

required before experimental samples could be analyzed. Analysis of complete threeto five-point calibrations and/or single standard checks alternated every 5 to 10

samples until all of the analyses were complete. The RSD between complete

calibration and standard check was required to be <15 percent or recalibration and

reanalysis of the affected samples was performed.

2.2.2.3 Matrix Spike Analysis

Matrix spikes were prepared for a minimum of 5 percent of the total number of

samples analyzed and included each metal to be determined. Results from matrix

spike analysis using the method of standard additions provide information on the

extent of any signal suppression or enhancement due to the sample matrix. If

necessary (i.e., spike results outside 80 to 120 percent limit), spiking frequency was

increased to 20 percent and a correction applied to the metal concentrations of the

experimental samples.

2.2.2.4 Duplicate Sample Analysis

Duplicate samples from homogenized field samples (as distinct from field replicates)

were prepared in the laboratory for a minimum of 5 percent of the total samples.

These laboratory duplicates were included as part of each set of sample digestions

and analyses and provided a measure of analytical precision.

2.2.2.5 Procedural Blank Analysis

Two procedural blanks were prepared with each set of 40 samples to monitor

potential contamination resulting from laboratory reagents, glassware, and

processing procedures. These blanks were processed using the same analytical

scheme, reagents, and handling techniques as used for the experimental samples.

2.2.2.6 CRM Analysis

A common method used to evaluate the accuracy of environmental data is to analyze

CRMs, samples for which consensus or "accepted" analyte concentrations exist. The

following CRMs were used: Dogfish Muscle DORM-2; Lobster Hepatopancreas

TORT-2; and Riverine Water SLRS-3, all certified by the National Research Council of

Canada (NRC). Metal concentrations obtained for the CRMs were required to be

within 20 percent of accepted values for >85 percent of the analyses. When no

certified value for a metal was available in a tissue CRM (Ba), the Riverine CRM and

tissue matrix spikes were used to evaluate analytical accuracy.
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2.2.3 Bile FAC’s (Fluorescing Aromatic Compounds)

This assay can demonstrate very recent exposure to metabolized organic compounds,

e.g., PAHs. Bile samples were analyzed for metabolites of aromatic compounds using

a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure (Krahn et al., 1982, 1984) with

fluorescence detection. Briefly, the (thawed) bile is injected directly into a high

performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a Perkin-Elmer HC-ODS

(reverse-phase) analytical column and two fluorescence detectors connected in series,

and a gradient (100% water containing 5μL acetic acid/L, to 100% methanol). The

excitation/emission wavelengths of one detector are set to 255/380 nm, where

metabolites of phenanthrene (PHN) fluoresce. The excitation/emission wavelengths

of the other detector are set to 380/430 nm, where the metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene

(BaP) fluoresce. The total integrated area for each detector is then converted

(normalized) to equivalents of known concentrations of either PHN or BaP

standards. Quality assurance procedures include PHN and BaP calibration standards,

a "bile pool" reference material, blank analyses, and replicate analyses to evaluate

HPLC/UV fluorescence performance.

2.2.4 Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)

Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) is detected by a highly sensitive immunohistochemical

(IHC) analysis that determines levels of CYP1A proteins in organs and tissues of

interest. This data represents induction of the P4501A enzyme pathway by exposure

to xenobiotic compounds (organics) and is used as an indicator of exposure to and

pathways of contaminants to organisms.

An abbreviated method for the immunohistochemical analyses is as follows.

Preserved tissues were placed in cassettes in 10% neutral buffered formalin,

embedded in paraffin, and analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of

CYP1A. Tissue sections (5 mm) mounted on Superfrost Plus slides (Fisher) were

deparaffinated and hydrated as before (Smolowitz et al., 1991). Matching serial

sections were incubated with 150 ml of 1-12-3p6 monoclonal antibody against scup

CYP1A, using modifications of Smolowitz (Smolowitz et al., 1991). Formalin-fixed

tissues were embedded in paraffin, and 5-mm sections were mounted on Superfrost

Plus slides (Fisher) and analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of CYP1A

as before (Smolowitz et al., 1991). Matching serial sections were incubated using the

ShandonTM coverslip system for 2 h with two 150-ml aliquots of MAb 1-12-3p6 or

with nonspecific purified mouse myeloma protein (UPC-10, IgG2A, Organon

Teknika, West Chester, PA), each at 1.5 mg/ml in 1% BSA/TBS added at 0 and 60

minutes. Blocking solutions, secondary antibodies, linker and color developer were

components of the Signet (Medford, MA) murine immunoperoxidase kit. Color

development was achieved as described before using 2% 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole

and 1% hydrogen peroxide. Sections were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin.

Slides were examined with a Zeiss Axioskop microscope and relative staining

intensities were determined subjectively by comparing the staining of samples to that

of control and highly induced 3,3',4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl-treated scup liver sections

included in each run. Nonspecific staining, if present, was determined by comparison

with UPC-10 stained sections. Staining occurrence was scored as 0-no staining (or
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equal to UPC staining), 1-rare- few cells staining, 2-many cells staining, 3-multifocal

and diffuse-all cells staining. The intensity of staining was scored as 0-none (or equal

to UPC staining), 1-mild, 2-moderate, 3- medium, 4-strong, 5-very strong. A scaled

product of staining occurrence times the staining intensity was determined for each

cell type. Therefore, IHC scores (being the product of 2 numbers, the first from 0-3,

and the second from 0-5) could range from 0 to 15.

Quality assurance included the following steps:

1. Internal standards were included in each staining run to assure the consistency

and quality of a run, and to determine maximum (occurrence 3 X intensity

5=15) and minimum (0) staining.

2. All tissues were stained with UPC 10 to determine if nonspecific staining was

present.

3. As part of the standard Signet protocol, slides were presoaked in 3% H2O2 to

eliminate endogenous peroxidase activity.

4. Any slides with questionable staining were re-run.

2.2.5 Tissue Analysis Strategy

Whole body analyses for organic and metal tissue contaminant residues (note that these fish

had small pieces of tissues and organs removed for the Bile FAC analyses and the

CYP1A analyses). This was done so that the results of the assays could be compared

from individual fish, rather than using separate fish for individual assays. However,

some small (less than 20 g) Cod were collected from the project sites. These fish were

too small to conduct all of the analyses on individual fish. For these small Cod, a

subset was retained for whole body tissue contaminant residue analyses, and a

second subset was retained for whole body CYP1A analyses. These fish were too

small to collect bile for the bile FAC analyses.

Bile FAC analyses were conducted on larger fish, when bile could be sampled from the

gall bladder.

Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction was assayed on multiple organs from each

fish. These organs included: gill, heart, liver, kidney, gonad, gut, muscle and skin.

Morphometric data was acquired for each dissected fish. This data included: length,

weight, sex, and observations about parasite load and other pathologies (See

dissection methods and fish dissection sheets in appendices).
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2.2.6 Statistical Analyses

Data conditioning

The analytical results with qualifiers were treated as follows:

1. Included data:

• All values without qualifiers from the analytical laboratories.

• All values with the “b” qualifier, i.e., result detected in the associated

procedural blank and sample result is less than 5 times the result found in the

procedural blank.

• All values with the “j” qualifier--estimated result detected below the adjusted

minimum reporting limit.

2. Excluded data:

• Napthalene parent compound, due to high concentrations in system blank.

• Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, due to high concentrations in system blank.

Data entry, normalizations and transformations

(All statistical analyses were performed on data that was entered into Excel

spreadsheets and checked for errors after entry and before any manipulations).

Several steps were taken to improve the power of statistical analyses. First, to control

for variation in measured trace organic compound concentrations caused by lipid

content (Hebert and Keenleyside, 1995), wet-weight, concentrations reported from

the analytical laboratory were normalized to the lipid content, as follows:

Lipid-weight concentration = measured wet-weight concentration ÷ lipid decimal %

This provided lipid-normalized concentrations for statistical analyses. Dry-weight

trace metal concentrations, bile fluorescence values and P4501A values were not

normalized to lipid. Second, because the variance was proportional to the mean for

most variables, the data were transformed to ensure conformance to the assumptions

of parametric statistical procedures using the log transformation, as follows:

Transformed value = log10(value)

For variables that included zeros (i.e., endosulfans, endrins, P4501A values in liver

hepatocytes and gut mucous epithelia cells), one was added to each value.

Statistical Procedures

Several statistical procedures were performed to explore patterns in the data. First, a

one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each fish species to

examine the effects of site, with weight as a covariate, on the concentrations of

organic analytes and trace metals, as well as bile fluorescence and P4501A induction

in two tissues. A separate two-way ANOVA with interactions was performed to

determine whether there were significant interactions between the effects of site and

weight for any contaminant. Organic analytes were analyzed as totals for all PAHs,
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for low-molecular-weight PAHs (two and three ring compounds), high-molecularweight PAHs (four, five and six ring compounds), all PCBs, and all pesticides, as well

as the following pesticide groups:

• all DDTs = 2,4'-DDD, 2,4'-DDE, 2,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT

• all Chlordanes = alpha-Chlordane, gamma-Chlordane, cis-Nonachlor, transNonachlor, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, Oxychlordane, Methoxychlor

• all HCHs = alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, deltahexachlorocyclohexane

• all endrins = Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde, Endrin Ketone

• all endosulphans = Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, Endosulfan Sulfate.

Second, backward stepwise multiple regressions were used to assess the effects of

total low-molecular-weight PAHs, total high-molecular-weight PAHs, total PCBs,

and total pesticides on P4501A activity. Transformed data were used for the

regression analyses. Third, clustering was performed using Ward’s minimum

variance method on standardized species-site means for all organic analytes, all

PAHs, all PCBs, and all pesticides. All statistical analyses were performed with the

JMP software package (SAS Institute, 2000).

Statistical power of our analyses was tested in two ways. In both cases, data for the

Four Horn Sculpin were used. The first test examined the power of this monitoring

program to detect differences between sites within a sampling period. This procedure

revealed how the percentage difference that could be detected between two sites

varies according to the number of fish collected from each of four sites (Sokal &

Rohlf, 1995). Because this test is based on the Coefficient of Variation (CV), an

average CV was calculated from sites where more than two Four Horn Sculpin were

collected (i.e., Bullen Point, Point Brower and Stump Island). The second test

examined the percentage change at a site that could be detected through time (i.e.,

trend analysis) if 20 fish were collected in each year (Gerrodette, 1987). This analysis

assumes that the rate of change is consistent through time.

3.0 Results

3.1 Collections

The number of fish of each species captured at the five sampling sites in 2001 is

provided in Table 8.
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Table 8. Summary of fish collected in the summer of 2001. Species in bold type were

selected for chemical and biomarker analyses.

Species Stump

Island

Point

Brower

Liberty Bullen

Point

Northstar Species

Total

Dolly Varden 4 1 3 8

Arctic Cisco 11 5 8 9 33

Humpback

Whitefish

13 3 16

Arctic flounder 8 7 15

Four Horn Sculpin 12 5 2 10 29

Broad Whitefish 6 6

Arctic Cod 8 6 + composite 15

Snailfish 2 2

Total per site 48 27 18 25 7

Grand Total 124

It can be seen from Table 8 that a total of 124 fish representing 8 species were

collected and processed for analysis. Eighty-nine of these were eventually analyzed.

A map of the collection sites is provided in Figure 1.

3.2 Trace Organic Substances in Fish Tissues

In Table 9, all of the results of statistical analyses to determine if there are site or

weight differences in any of the independent variables are provided.

Table 9. Results of one-way ANOVA for the effects of site, with weight as a covariate,

on the concentrations of trace organic chemicals in five species of fish.

Statistically significant results (p £0.05) are indicated by bold type.

Weight Site Interaction

Analyte Group & Species r

2 p p Student'sa,b p

Total PAHs

Arctic Cisco 0.1712 0.1826 0.3553 PB=L=SI=BP 0.1957

Arctic Cod 0.1537 0.4515 0.1977 L=NS 0.8888

Broad Whitefish 0.3312 0.3100 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.1827 0.1582 0.7534 PB=BP=L=SI 0.7527

Humpback Whitefish 0.3129 0.7709 0.0549 SI=PB 0.0776

Low-molecular-weight PAHs

Arctic Cisco 0.1475 0.2412 0.4059 PB=L=SI=BP 0.1728

Arctic Cod 0.1980 0.4190 0.1342 L=NS 0.6095

Broad Whitefish 0.2221 0.3454 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2850 0.1433 0.3525 PB=BP=L=SI 0.7229

Humpback Whitefish 0.3218 0.9466 0.0639 SI=PB 0.3607
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Weight Site Interaction

Analyte Group & Species r

2 p p Student'sa,b p

High-molecular-weight PAHs

Arctic Cisco 0.5401 0.0004 0.0168 PB>SI=L=BP 0.7825

Arctic Cod 0.0238 0.7317 0.6442 L=NS 0.0457

Broad Whitefish 0.2331 0.3321 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.4885 0.3661 0.0009 PB=SI>BP,

PB=SI=L, L=BP

0.8324

Humpback Whitefish 0.0453 0.5359 0.9890 PB=SI 0.0197

Total PCBs

Arctic Cisco 0.3479 0.1017 0.0310 SI>BP=L, SI=PB,

PB=BP=L

0.0092

Arctic Cod 0.1787 0.4678 0.3273 NS=L 0.6423

Broad Whitefish 0.0007 0.9604 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2014 0.2726 0.1861 BP=SI=PB=L 0.7426

Humpback Whitefish 0.4134 0.5316 0.0695 SI=PB 0.7626

Total Pesticides

Arctic Cisco 0.4722 0.0067 0.0157 PB=SI>L=BP 0.7180

Arctic Cod 0.3465 0.0444 0.9788 NS=L 0.3431

Broad Whitefish 0.2949 0.2655 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2479 0.1600 0.0929 PB=SI=L=BP 0.6448

Humpback Whitefish 0.5550 0.1490 0.0607 SI=PB 0.8332

Total Chlordanes

Arctic Cisco 0.5988 0.0052 0.0003 SI=PB>L=BP 0.6746

Arctic Cod 0.3465 0.0406 0.8919 NS=L 0.2481

Broad Whitefish 0.2695 0.2912 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2957 0.1527 0.0441 SI>BP, SI=PB=L,

PB=L=BP

0.7418

Humpback Whitefish 0.7256 0.0361 0.0126 SI>PB 0.7122

Total DDTs

Arctic Cisco 0.3078 0.1767 0.0492 SI>BP=L, SI=PB,

PB=BP=L

0.0083

Arctic Cod 0.0912 0.6624 0.4709 NS=L 0.6047

Broad Whitefish 0.1497 0.5200 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.1867 0.0668 0.4864 L=SI=PB=BP 0.0292

Humpback Whitefish 0.3268 0.2815 0.2826 SI=PB 0.8874

Total HCHs

Arctic Cisco 0.3473 0.4365 0.0071 BP=PB=L>SI 0.5865

Arctic Cod 0.3335 0.8613 0.0447 NS>L 0.7163

Broad Whitefish 0.2264 0.3402 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2189 0.5454 0.1659 L=SI=PB=BP 0.0253

Humpback Whitefish 0.0687 0.6398 0.3494 PB=SI 0.4192
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Weight Site Interaction

Analyte Group & Species r

2 p p Student'sa,b p

Total Endosulfans

Arctic Cisco 0.3823 0.7870 0.0042 SI>BP=L, SI=PB,

PB=BP=L

0.8872

Arctic Cod 0.1318 0.7570 0.2246 L=NS 0.3786

Broad Whitefish 0.2167 0.3521 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.1990 0.5843 0.1532 PB=SI=BP=L 0.5393

Humpback Whitefish 0.0923 0.4394 0.2744 SI=PB 0.5773

Total Endrins

Arctic Cisco 0.2200 0.7269 0.0716 SI=BP=L=PB 0.3140

Arctic Cod - - - Not Detected -

Broad Whitefish 0.2137 0.3560 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2021 0.0443 0.2948 SI=PB=BP=L 0.8548

Humpback Whitefish 0.5058 0.2069 0.0038 SI>PB 0.3474

Liver Hepatocyte P4501A

Arctic Cisco 0.2187 0.8518 0.0889 L=PB=SI=BP 0.7255

Arctic Cod 0.4543 0.8514 0.0141 NS>L 0.9982

Broad Whitefish 0.2370 0.3275 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.3844 0.1875 0.0090 PB=SI>BP,

PB=SI=L, BP=L

0.4735

Humpback Whitefish 0.0974 0.3482 0.2811 SI=PB 0.4951

Gut Mucus Epithelium P4501A

Arctic Cod 0.4140 0.1230 0.2124 NS=L 0.6654

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2880 0.1856 0.1823 PB=BP=L 0.1567

PHN Equivalents

Arctic Cisco 0.7871 0.0018 0.2360 BP=SI=PB 0.7073

Broad Whitefish 0.5860 0.1314 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.7296 0.5110 <0.00

01

BP=SI=L>PB 0.4155

Humpback Whitefish 0.1453 0.2257 0.1910 PB=SI 0.8152

BaP Equivalents

Arctic Cisco 0.9786 0.0092 <0.00

01

BP>SI=PB 0.5985

Broad Whitefish 0.6219 0.1129 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.5440 0.6074 0.0031 SI>PB, SI=BP=L,

L=PB

0.3586

Humpback Whitefish 0.2785 0.3663 0.3065 SI=PB 0.7133 a

 Student’s a posteriori results are for Student’s t test for least significant means.

Values are arranged with the highest means on the left and the lowest on the right.

b BP = Bullen Point, L = Liberty, NS = Northstar, PB = Point Brower, SI = Stump

Island.
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3.2.1 PAH in Fish Tissues

The mean whole-body concentrations for total PAH ranged from less than 100 ng/g

to over 1000 ng/g (lipid-normalized wet-weight). There was no significant effect of

site on the concentrations of total PAHs in any of the fish species (Table 12, Figure 2),

nor was there an effect of weight. There also were no significant interactions between

weight and site for PAH concentrations. Where there were more than one species

analyzed at a site, the Four Horn Sculpin had the highest concentrations of total PAH

(Figure 2).

Figure 2. Total PAHs (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species and

site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual

fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

In addition to the analyses of total PAHs, we divided the PAHs into two groups: low

and high-molecularweight PAHs. The low-molecular-weight PAHs included the two

and three-ringed compounds: the alkyl naphthalenes, phenanthrene and anthracene.

The high-molecular-weight PAHs included all the 4 and 5-ringed compounds. For

low-molecular-weight PAHs, there were no significant site differences for any of the

species of fish (Table 9, Figure 3). For the high-molecular-weight PAHs, two species

showed an effect of site: Arctic Cisco (p= 0.0168) and Four Horn Sculpin (p= 0.0009)

(Table 9, Figure 4). For the Cisco, Point Brower had higher values than the other sites.

For the Four Horn Sculpin, both Point Brower and Stump Island had higher

concentrations than Bullen Point. For Arctic Cod and Humpback Whitefish there

were significant interactions between site and weight that appear to be due to

catching different sized fish at different stations, although neither were highly

significant (e.g., p >0.01). For this group of PAHs the highest values were for Four

Horn Sculpin.
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Figure 3. Total low-molecular-weight PAHs (lipid-normalized wet weight)

concentrations by species and site. Error bars depict one standard deviation

and the numbers of individual fish making up the samples are indicated at

the bottom of each bar.

Figure 4. Total-high-molecular-weight PAHs (lipid normalized wet-weight)

concentrations by species and site. Error bars depict one standard deviation

and the numbers of individual fish making up the samples are indicated at

the bottom of each bar.
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3.2.2 PCBs in Fish Tissues

The results of the analyses of PCBs were generally similar to those for PAHs. The

only significant effect of site on the concentrations of PCBs was in Arctic Cisco (Table

12, Figure 5), in which Stump Island was higher than Bullen Point and Liberty. There

were no effects of weight on PCB concentrations for any species. There was one

significant interaction between weight and site for PCB concentrations, again with

Artic Cisco. An analysis of weight distributions indicated two very large males, one

from Stump Island and one form Point Brower, were outliers, and re-analysis

without these two individuals eliminated the significant interaction. A few

individual Four Horn Sculpin from Bullen Point had the highest PCBs of any of the

fish analyzed in this study. This is also the location of an old Military installation, a

Distant Early Warning (DEW) line site. There were 63 DEW line sites in the Arctic, in

Greenland, Canada and Alaska and there were about 30 tons of PCBs estimated to be

at these sites (AMAP, 1997).

Figure 5. Total PCBs (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species and

site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual

fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

There are two patterns of relative congener abundance in the fish from this study.

The first is a mixture dominated by high-molecular-weight congeners (e.g., IUPAC

congener 153) that is the most commonly encountered in our samples (Figure 6). A

second pattern includes a similar congener composition of high-molecular-weight

compounds, but also has significant, and sometimes dominant, low-molecularweight components (e.g. IUPAC congener 8) (Figure 7).
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PCB Congeners in Arctic Cod at Stump Island

Figure 6. The pattern of PCB congeners in an Arctic Cod captured at Stump Island.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

PCB 8

PCB 18PCB 28PCB 44PCB 52PCB 66

PCB 101PCB 105PCB 118PCB 128PCB 138PCB 153PCB 170PCB 180PCB 187PCB 195PCB 206PCB 209

Aldrin

alpha-Chlordane

gamma-Chlordane

cis-Nonachlor

2,4'-DDT4,4'-DDT2,4'-DDE4,4'-DDE2,4'-DDD4,4'-DDD

Dieldrin

Methoxychlor

Endosulfan I

Endosulfan II

Endosulfan Sulfate

Endrin

Endrin Aldehyde

Endrin Ketone

hexachlorobenzene

Heptachlor

Heptachlor Epoxide

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane

lindane

Mirex

trans-Nonachlor

Toxaphene

Oxychlordane

Concentration (ug/Kg)

01-SIS-09-PHC-T-AC
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PCB Congeners in Arctic Cod at Bullen Point

Figure 7. The pattern of PCB congeners in an Arctic Cod captured at Bullen Point.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

PCB 8

PCB 18PCB 28PCB 44PCB 52PCB 66

PCB 101PCB 105PCB 118PCB 128PCB 138PCB 153PCB 170PCB 180PCB 187PCB 195PCB 206PCB 209

Aldrin

alpha-Chlordane

gamma-Chlordane

cis-Nonachlor

2,4'-DDT4,4'-DDT2,4'-DDE4,4'-DDE2,4'-DDD4,4'-DDD

Dieldrin

Methoxychlor

Endosulfan I

Endosulfan II

Endosulfan Sulfate

Endrin

Endrin Aldehyde

Endrin Ketone

hexachlorobenzene

Heptachlor

Heptachlor Epoxide

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane

beta-hexachlorocyclohexane

delta-hexachlorocyclohexane

lindane

Mirex

trans-Nonachlor

Toxaphene

Oxychlordane

Concentration (ug/Kg)

01-BPS-103-PHC-T-AC
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3.2.3 Pesticides in Fish

Arctic Cisco was the only fish species that showed significant variation in total

pesticide concentrations among sites (Table 12, Figure 8). Arctic Cisco at Point

Brower and Stump Island had significantly higher total pesticide concentrations than

those Liberty or Bullen Point. There was a significant effect of weight on pesticide

concentrations in Arctic Cisco and Arctic Cod, but there were no significant

interactions between weight and site (Table 9). In addition to total pesticides, we

statistically analyzed a variety of separate pesticide groups that made up the total

pesticide category: Chlordanes, DDTs, hexachlorohexanes, Endosulfans, and Endrins.

Figure 8. Total Pesticides (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species and

site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual

fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

For chlordanes, three species showed significant variation with site: Arctic Cisco,

Four Horn Sculpin and Humpback Whitefish (Table 12, Figure 9). For the Artic Cisco,

Stump Island and Point Brower had equivalent concentrations and these were higher

than the other sites at which this species was caught. For the Four Horn Sculpin,

Stump Island had higher concentrations than did Bullen Point. For the Humpback

Whitefish, Stump Island had higher concentrations than Point Brower.
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Figure 9. Total chlordanes (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species

and site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of

individual fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each

bar.

For DDTs, Arctic Cisco showed significant variation between collection sites, with

Stump Island having higher concentrations than Bullen Point and Liberty (Table 12,

Figure 10). There were significant interactions between weight and site for Arctic

Cisco and Four Horn Sculpin. The high significance (p=0.0185) of the interaction for

Arctic Cisco was substantially reduced when the two large fish at Stump Island and

Point Brower were removed from the analysis, as was discussed for PCBs.
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Figure 10. Total DDTs (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species and

site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of

individual fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each

bar.

For the hexachlorahexanes, Arctic Cisco (p=0.0071) and Arctic Cod (p=0.0447)

showed significant variation with site. Arctic Cisco had similar whole-body

concentrations at three stations that were all higher than at Stump Island. Arctic Cod

were significantly higher at Northstar than at Liberty. There was a significant

interaction of site and weight for Four Horn Sculpin (Table 12, Figure 11).

Figure 11. Total HCH (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species and site.

Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish

making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.
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For endosulfans, only Arctic Cisco showed a significant variation with site. Stump

Island had higher concentrations than Bullen Point or Liberty (Table 12, Figure 12).

Figure 12. Total endosulphans (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by

species and site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers

of individual fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of

each bar. Values below the x-axis are between 0 and the lowest value on

the y-axis.

For endrins, Humpback Whitefish had significant variation due to site, with Stump

Island having higher concentrations than Bullen Point (Table 12, Figure 13).
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Figure 13. Total endrins (lipid normalized wet-weight) concentrations by species and

site. Error bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of

individual fish making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each

bar. Values below the x-axis are between 0 and the lowest value on the yaxis.

3.3 P4501A In Fish Tissues

Only hepatocytes and gut mucous epithelia cells showed much induction in the

species we captured, and even here the induction was low to moderate. We present

the data for these two cell types in Table 10, Figures 14 and 15. Arctic Cod and Four

Horn Sculpin both showed significant variation due to site (p=0.0141 and P=0.0090,

respectively) for P4501A abundance in liver hepatocytes. For Arctic Cod, Northstar

fish had significantly greater P4501A abundance than did specimens collected from

the Liberty site—these were the only two sites where they were collected. For Four

Horn Sculpin, Point Brower and Stump Island had comparable values, which were

significantly higher than fish from Bullen Point. The remainder of the fish species

showed no difference in liver hepatocyte P4501A abundance. There was not a

significant effect of site on P4501A abundance in gut epithelial cells.
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Figure 14. Liver hepatocyte P4501A staining scores by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar. The value for

Humpback Whitefish at Point Brower was zero and is represented only by

the number of fish (3).

Figure 15. Gut mucous epithelium P4501A staining scores by species and site. Error

bars depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish

making up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar. Values

that averaged zero are represented on the x-axis by a number indicating

the number of fish.
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3.3.1 Relationship of Whole-Body Concentrations of Organic Chemicals to P4501A

Stepwise multiple regression for each fish species using the P4501A scores for liver

hepatocytes and gut mucus epithelium and low-molecular-weight PAHs, highmolecular-weight PAHs and PCB whole-body concentrations indicated significant

relationships in two species, Arctic Cod and Four Horn Sculpin. In the Arctic Cod,

PCB concentrations were related to the abundance of P4501A in hepatocytes. In the

Four Horn Sculpin, low-molecular-weight PAHs were positively related to P4501A

abundance in gut epithelia (Table 10).

Table 10. Significant results of backward stepwise multiple regressions to determine

the effects of lipid normalized contaminant concentrations (i.e., sum of

PCBs, sum of low-molecular-weight PAHs, sum of high-molecular-weight

PAHs, sum of pesticides) on P4501A activity for two tissues in five species

of fish. All values were log transformed (log10 for contaminants, log10+1 for

P4501A).

Tissue/Cell and Species r

2 p Regression Equation

Liver Hepatocyte P4501A

 Arctic Cod 0.6042 0.0011 Y = 0.3876 PCBs - 0.6028

Gut Mucus Epithelium P4501A

 Four Horn Sculpin 0.2193 0.0580 Y = 0.3833 low-molecular-weight

PAHs – 0.3770

3.4 Bile Hydrocarbons

Bile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon metabolites were determined for two PAHs,

phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene, which represent compounds with three and four

aromatic rings, respectively. These also respectively represent our low-molecularweight and high-molecular-weight PAH compound classes. In general phenanthrene

is more representative of fresh petroleum and benzo(a)pyrene weathered petroleum

and, especially, pyrogenic sources (e.g., forest fires, internal combustion engines). All

species with bile samples were tested for site differences and three cases of significant

variation were found. There was a highly significant variation due to site for

phenanthrene equivalents in the bile of Four Horn Sculpin, in which comparable

concentrations were found at Bullen Point, Stump Island and Liberty, which were all

higher than Point Brower (Table 9, Figures 16 and 17). One individual Arctic Cisco at

Bullen Point had a value of 10,000 ng/g phenanthrene equivalents. Benzo(a)pyrene

equivalents exhibited highly significant variation due to site in Arctic Cisco, for

which Bullen Point was higher than Stump Island and Point Brower. In Four Horn

Sculpin, benzo(a)pyrene equivalents were significantly higher at Stump Island than

at Point Brower. Many of the fish assayed had values in excess of 5,000ng/g B(a)P

equivalents.
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Figure 16. Phenathrene equivalents by species and site. Error bars depict one

standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making up the

samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Figure 17. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalents by species and site. Error bars depict one

standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making up the

samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.
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3.5 Metals in Fish

Tissue aliquots were analyzed from all species for 12 metals. The data were generally

analyzed in the same way that those for organic compounds were. Using two-way

analysis of variance with site and size of fish as the dependent variables and wholebody-metal concentration as the independent variable. The results of these statistical

analyses are presented in Table 11.

Table 11. Results of one-way ANOVA for the effects of site, with weight as a

covariate, on the concentrations of trace metals in five species of fish.

Statistically significant results (p £0.05) are indicated by bold type.

Weight Site Interaction

Analyte Group & Species r

2 p p Student'sa,b p

 Arsenic

Arctic Cisco 0.3756 0.0041 0.0949 SI=L=BP=PB 0.9550

Arctic Cod 0.0041 0.8974 0.8433 L=NS 0.3472

Broad Whitefish 0.5788 0.0790 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.6531 0.0062 0.0008 SI=L=PB>BP 0.2503

Humpback Whitefish 0.0337 0.7424 0.5156 SI=PB 0.0177

 Barium

Arctic Cisco 0.2359 0.0492 0.3593 SI=PB=BP=L 0.9664

Arctic Cod 0.3013 0.2949 0.1870 NS=L 0.5971

Broad Whitefish 0.5125 0.1096 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.4055 0.6967 0.0053 PB=L>BP, PB>SI, L=SI,

SI=BP

0.6778

Humpback Whitefish 0.1263 0.3246 0.2019 SI=PB 0.6144

 Cadmium

Arctic Cisco 0.2954 0.1671 0.0485 PB=L=SI, PB>BP, L=SI=BP 0.0252

Arctic Cod 0.3135 0.9374 0.0611 NS=L 0.5804

Broad Whitefish 0.1443 0.4133 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.4885 0.0487 0.0601 SI=L=BP=PB 0.9280

Humpback Whitefish 0.3982 0.3055 0.0143 SI>PB 0.9451

 Chromium

Arctic Cisco 0.3813 0.7748 0.0040 SI=L>BP, SI>PB=BP, L=PB 0.4336

Arctic Cod 0.0771 0.7150 0.4940 NS=L 0.2898

Broad Whitefish 0.3758 0.1957 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.3469 0.8765 0.0289 L=PB>SI, PB=BP, BP=SI 0.8805

Humpback Whitefish 0.0293 0.6453 0.9957 PB=SI 0.8825

 Copper

Arctic Cisco 0.1660 0.1926 0.4451 SI=L=BP=PB 0.7059

Arctic Cod 0.5481 0.0039 0.4051 NS=L 0.6182

Broad Whitefish 0.5719 0.0819 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2265 0.0243 0.5825 L=SI=PB=BP 0.2107

Humpback Whitefish 0.3477 0.6678 0.0468 SI>PB 0.8456
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Weight Site Interaction

Analyte Group & Species r

2 p p Student'sa,b p

 Iron

Arctic Cisco 0.2936 0.0319 0.1328 BP=SI=L=PB 0.7236

Arctic Cod 0.5376 0.8356 0.0071 NS>L 0.9307

Broad Whitefish 0.5797 0.0786 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.2550 0.4266 0.0654 L=PB=SI=BP 0.6798

Humpback Whitefish 0.1175 0.2304 0.4486 SI=PB 0.8735

 Lead

Arctic Cisco 0.1298 0.5195 0.3540 L=SI=BP=PB 0.8177

Arctic Cod 0.3116 0.9453 0.0617 NS=L 0.1033

Broad Whitefish 0.2836 0.2767 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.1627 0.3521 0.2294 BP=PB=L=SI 0.0530

Humpback Whitefish 0.4875 0.0766 0.0056 SI>PB 0.3129

 Mercury

Arctic Cisco 0.5111 0.8321 0.0002 PB>SI>L=BP 0.4379

Arctic Cod 0.4009 0.4107 0.0552 NS=L 0.2757

Broad Whitefish 0.2639 0.2973 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.4188 0.0092 0.4984 SI=BP=PB=L 0.0153

Humpback Whitefish 0.5096 0.1726 0.0896 SI=PB 0.4997

 Nickel

Arctic Cisco 0.2001 0.6212 0.1039 SI=L=BP=PB 0.1535

Arctic Cod 0.0847 0.5739 0.5696 NS=L 0.4935

Broad Whitefish 0.1807 0.4008 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.0719 0.8853 0.6533 L=SI=PB=BP 0.5701

Humpback Whitefish 0.1415 0.1850 0.2578 SI=PB 0.7548

 Selenium

Arctic Cisco 0.1898 0.2688 0.2055 PB=L=SI=BP 0.7670

Arctic Cod 0.6337 0.9151 0.0016 L>NS 0.3972

Broad Whitefish 0.0185 0.7974 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.0982 0.3870 0.4797 PB=BP=L=SI 0.9731

Humpback Whitefish 0.2642 0.0573 0.1120 SI=PB 0.1486

 Vanadium

Arctic Cisco 0.2762 0.0396 0.1869 PB=L=SI=BP 0.9545

Arctic Cod 0.3229 0.3441 0.0438 L>NS 0.3846

Broad Whitefish 0.0015 0.9424 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.0877 0.5840 0.5327 L=PB=SI=BP 0.4450

Humpback Whitefish 0.1256 0.6248 0.2105 SI=PB 0.9890

 Zinc

Arctic Cisco 0.4020 0.4332 0.0068 PB=SI=L>BP 0.9730

Arctic Cod 0.3326 0.0391 0.4367 L=NS 0.8970

Broad Whitefish 0.0578 0.6463 - PB -

Four Horn Sculpin 0.1161 0.9008 0.3906 L=PB=SI=BP 0.6046

Humpback Whitefish 0.5310 0.1118 0.0035 SI>PB 0.7391 a

 Student's a posteriori results are for Student’s t test for least significant means.

Values are arranged with the highest means on the left and the lowest on the right.

b BP = Bullen Point, L = Liberty, NS = Northstar, PB = Point Brower, SI = Stump

Island.
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Arsenic - Four Horn Sculpin was the only species that had significant variability in As

concentration due to site. Stump Island, Liberty and Point Brower had comparable

concentrations, which were higher than Bullen Point. There was only one significant

interaction term; that between site and weight for Humpback Whitefish. Mean As

concentrations ranged between about 2 and 14 μg/g (dry-weight) for the five species

analyzed from the sites, with Arctic Cod averaging above 10 μg/g (dry-weight) and

Humpback Whitefish below 5 μg/g (dry-weight) (Table 12, Figure 18).

Figure 18. Total arsenic (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Barium - Only Four Horn Sculpin displayed significant variability in Ba

concentrations with site (p=0.0053). Point Brower and Liberty had equivalent

concentrations and they were higher than Bullen Point. No other species showed

significant variation in Ba concentrations with site (Table 12, Figure 19).
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Figure 19. Total barium (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Cadmium - This is an interesting element because of its dramatic change in

bioavailability between fresh and salt water and the subsequent effect on toxicity

(Hall and Anderson, 1995). Cadmium is complexed by chloride in seawater and not

as nearly as available as in freshwater. Two species showed significant differences

due to site, Arctic Cisco and Humpback Whitefish. Arctic Cisco also showed a siteweight interaction. Arctic Cisco at Point Brower had higher concentrations than those

at Bullen Point, consistent with and possibly due to higher availability of cadmium in

the freshwater outflow of the Saganvirtok River (Table 12, Figure 20). Humpback

Whitefish also had significantly higher concentrations at Stump Island than at Point

Brower (p=0.01).
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Figure 20. Total cadmium (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Chromium - Chromium concentrations varied with site for the Arctic Cisco and Four

Horn Sculpin (Table 12, Figure 21). For Arctic Cisco, Stump Island and Liberty had

higher concentrations than did Bullen Point. For Four Horn Sculpin, Liberty and

Point Brower had higher concentrations than did Stump Island.

Figure 21. Total chromium (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.
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Copper - Whole-body concentrations of copper ranged from about 3 to 20 ppm. There

was one significant site difference, for Humpback Whitefish, in which Stump Island

was higher than Point Brower (Table 12, Figure 22).

Figure 22. Total copper (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Iron - Only the Arctic Cod had significant differences due to site, with Northstar

having higher concentrations than Liberty. Four Horn Sculpin also had higher

concentrations of Fe compared to the other species with the highest mean

concentrations at Liberty. However, the high variability in Fe concentrations in this

species precluded finding any significant site differences (Table 12, Figure 23).
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Figure 23. Total iron (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Lead - There was one significant variation in Pb concentrations due to site, for

Humpback Whitefish. (Table 12, Figure 24). For this species, Stump Island was higher

than Point Brower.

Figure 24. Total lead (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.
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Mercury - In Arctic Cisco, mercury concentrations varied significantly with site. In

this species, Point Brower fish had significantly greater mercury concentrations than

did any other sites, and Stump Island had higher concentrations than either Liberty

or Bullen Point. When Four Horn Sculpins occurred with other species in the

analyzed collections, they had the highest concentrations of mercury. In Four Horn

Sculpin there was also a significant interaction between site and weight (Table 12,

Figure 25).

Figure 25. Total mercury (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Nickel - There were no significant effects of site on Ni whole-body concentrations in

any of the fish species. There were also no significant interactions of site with fish

weight (Table 12, Figure 26).

Figure 26. Total nickel (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.
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Selenium - There was one species that had differences in Se concentration due to site,

Arctic Cod. Arctic Cod from Liberty had significantly higher concentrations than did

those from Northstar (Table 12, Figure 27). In three out of four sites where Four Horn

Sculpin occurred with other species, they had the highest mean concentrations.

Figure 27. Total selenium (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Vanadium - There was only one species in which the concentration of V varied

significantly with site, the Arctic Cod. As for selenium, the Liberty fish had

significantly higher concentrations than did the Northstar fish (Table 12, Figure 28).

In three out of four sites where Four Horn Sculpin occurred with other species, they

had the highest mean concentrations.
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Figure 28. Total vanadium (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.

Zinc - The Arctic Cisco and Humpback Whitefish were the only species in which

there was significant variability in whole-body Zn concentrations due to site. For

Arctic Cisco, Point Brower, Stump Island and Liberty were equivalent, but they were

all higher than Bullen Point. For Humpback Whitefish, Stump Island fish had higher

concentrations than Point Brower fish (Table 12, Figure 29). In three out of four sites

where Four Horn Sculpin occurred with other species they had the highest mean

concentrations.

Figure 29. Total Zinc (dry-weight) concentrations by species and site. Error bars

depict one standard deviation and the numbers of individual fish making

up the samples are indicated at the bottom of each bar.
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3.6 Cluster Analyses

In an attempt to further understand the patterns of variability of contaminants in the

various species of fish, we carried out several kinds of cluster analyses (Figures 30,

31, 32 and 33). The first cluster analysis was based on standardized mean

concentrations of all organic analytes. In the results of that analysis there were three

separate groups found to be significant at the highest level of separation: 1) Four

Horn Sculpin from Point Brower and Stump Island (green), 2) Four Horn Sculpin

from Bullen Point (blue), and 3) All remaining site-species combinations (red). While

there was one site-species interaction for Four Horn Sculpin in the third cluster, this

result generally suggests that Four Horn Sculpin show innate patterns of variability

that are more similar within species than with other species in this study.

ArcCis BPS

ArcCis L

ArcCis PBS

ArcCis SIS

ArcCod L

ArcCod N

BroadWhite PBS

FourHorn BPS

FourHorn L

FourHorn PBS

FourHorn SIS

HumpWhite PBS

HumpWhite SIS

Figure 30. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized mean

concentrations of all organic analytes. Colors indicate separate

clusters.

Figure 31. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized mean

concentrations of PAH analytes. Colors indicate separate clusters.

ArcCis BPS

ArcCis L

ArcCis PBS

ArcCis SIS

ArcCod L

ArcCod N

BroadWhite PBS

FourHorn BPS

FourHorn L

FourHorn PBS

FourHorn SIS

HumpWhite PBS

HumpWhite SIS
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In the second cluster analysis we did a similar procedure, but using only all of the

PAHs. The results of this analysis were similar to those for all organic analytes in that

the Four Horn Sculpin from Bullen Point clustered separately from all the other sitespecies combinations (Figure 31). A similar pattern emerged for the PCB congeners,

the Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin stood out as different from the other site-species

combinations (Figure 32). The analysis of pesticides only produced two clusters of

about equal size in which no particular species or sites stood out as dominating either

cluster (Figure 33).

ArcCis BPS

ArcCis L

ArcCis PBS

ArcCis SIS

ArcCod L

ArcCod N

BroadWhite PBS

FourHorn BPS

FourHorn L

FourHorn PBS

FourHorn SIS

HumpWhite PBS

HumpWhite SIS

Figure 32. Clusters of species/site combinations based on standardized

mean concentrations of PCB congeners. Colors denote separate

clusters.

ArcCis BPS

ArcCis L

ArcCis PBS

ArcCis SIS

ArcCod L

ArcCod N

BroadWhite PBS

FourHorn BPS

FourHorn L

FourHorn PBS

FourHorn SIS

HumpWhite PBS

HumpWhite SIS

Figure 33. Clusters of species/site combinations based on

standardized mean concentrations of pesticide analytes.

Colors denote separate clusters.
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4.0 Discussion

The objective of Task 8 of the ANIMIDA project was to determine if trace substances

in the North Slope oil field development areas might be resulting in uptake of trace

substances in fish to concentrations in excess of surrounding natural conditions.

There are some general considerations in correctly interpreting the data presented in

the results section with regard to this objective.

First, for substances that occur naturally, i.e., trace metals and PAHs, some means of

partitioning what might be natural and what might be anthropogenic, and within the

anthropogenic category what is due to oil field operations, is necessary to reach

project goals. This can be done in a two ways:

1. Comparison of tissue concentrations in areas of human activity with sites

representing background conditions. Elevated concentrations in tissues can result

from local anthropogenic sources. There have been both military and oil field

development activities in the study area and these influences should be

considered. For example, in our fieldwork at the Bullen Point site we saw a

petroleum-like material seeping into the ocean at the Distant Early Warning

(DEW) military installation. There are also potential natural sources and natural

conditions that might contribute more biologically available components in certain

areas. For example, freshwater from the Sagavanirktok River might change

speciation for naturally available cadmium and make it more likely to accumulate

in fish near the River delta (There was some suggestion of this in the data for

Arctic Cisco but several sites were equally high). Differential loading of organic

mater into sediments might also change rates of Hg methylation, and, hence,

increase Hg availability to fish locally. There also local sources for PAH that might

include seepage and natural peats (Valette-Silver, 1999).

2. Use of diagnostic ratios between elements or compounds that might indicate a

source of the trace substances in the tissues. This works well for sediments, but the

approach has to be used cautiously with organisms which might differentially take

up, metabolize or excrete compounds, distorting the ratios over the source ratios.

Copper and zinc, for instance, are regulated physiologically in fish. It appears that

for organic compounds many invertebrates are much more useful than are

vertebrates because fish, birds and mammals metabolize many organic

compounds at appreciably greater rates than invertebrates.

One other important process to consider is metabolism of trace organic compounds.

The P4501A biomarker is an enzyme that is both induced by some organic

contaminants, e.g., some PCBs and PAHs, and that can metabolize a variety these

and other compounds as well. So, interpreting the data on PAH in tissues should

take this into account. It is possible to have little detectable PAH in an animal with an

active P4501A enzyme system when it is being exposed to relatively high and

potentially harmful concentrations in the environment. In fact, it has been

experimentally demonstrated that long-term exposure of fish to petroleumcontaminated sediments can result in no detectable PAH in tissue after 60 days, while

the fish is still being exposed (McCain et al., 1978). So tissue concentrations of PAH in
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fish may not be a reliable indicator of what is being absorbed, quickly metabolized

and excreted. It is for this reason that the enzyme biomarker P4501A was measured

in this study in addition to the PAH concentrations in the tissues. This enzyme is

induced within several hours of significant exposure to oil and PAH and may persist

on the order of weeks after exposure (Elskus and Stegeman, 1989; Stegeman and

Kloepfer-Sams, 1989; Spies et al., 1982). This enzyme can also be induced by PCBs,

but since the PCBs appeared to be generally uniformly distributed in fish at different

stations in this study, its contribution to enzyme induction is likely to be uniform

between stations. The second biomarker used in this study is the concentration of

PAH metabolites in the bile. If a fish is being exposed to PAH and they are being

taken up from food, sediment or water, and being metabolized, they will be excreted

in the bile (Krahn et al, 1984). This biomarker is thought to reflect mainly the

bioavailable aromatic hydrocarbons in the last few meals eaten by the fish.

An important consideration in data interpretation is the number of fish analyzed at

each site. Our data is such that the power of any conclusions that are drawn is low.

For example, most contrasts between Liberty and Northstar are based on 7 or 8

individual fish at each site, whereas similar work done elsewhere would be based on

15-20 or more individuals at a site. In general, trace constituent concentrations follow

log normal distributions in exposed populations and this sort of distribution requires

larger numbers of samples to capture variability than if the distribution was a normal

one.

Also, we have reported tissue residue concentrations of several trace substances

where site is a significant source of variation, but for which we have no immediate

explanation, neither natural or anthropogenic enrichment. It should be kept in mind

that with marginal numbers of samples for many analyte-species combinations that

some of these differences between sites may be due to chance. In addition, with a

large number of analyses one might expect chance occurrences of significant

relationships. There were 62 ANOVAs (not counting the total PAHs) that were

carried out for combinations of species and trace organic substances and biomarkers

and 60 ANOVAs for the metals for a total of 122 ANOVAs. At an alpha level of 0.05,

as was used in this study, it would be expected that about 6 of the ANOVAs would

return alpha values of 0.05 or less just on the basis of chance. There were 16 ANOVA

results for organic compounds/ biomarkers with alpha values of 0.05 or less and 14

for metals with alpha values of 0.05 or less. So out of the 30 trace-substances/species

combinations that returned alpha values of 0.05 or less, about 10% could have been

due to chance. We could have been more conservative in our approach by reducing

the conventional alpha level in the ANOVAs by dividing by the number of ANOVAs

that were carried out. However, we felt that this approach is too restrictive in an

exploratory study and would rather have some unexplained results than miss real

effects.

In Table 12, we present the range of mean concentrations for the fish analyzed from

the collection stations. So although there are low numbers of fish from individual

stations these mean ranges provide a very good picture of the trace substance

concentrations in the development area of the Beaufort Sea.
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Table 12. Ranges of Mean Concentration Values at Collection Sites.

Means (Range)

Species

Total

PAH

Total

PCBs

Total

Pests As Ba Cd Cr Fe Cu Hg Ni Pb Se V Zn

Arctic

Cisco

232.9-

464.5

68.2-

83.4

166.2-

346.3

3.1-

3.7

3.07-

73.64

0.02-

0.04

0.23-

0.49

53.5-

90.7

15.4-

21.2

0.057-

0.154

0.476-

1.144

0.213-

0.675

1.55-

2.00

0.97-

26.9

79.0-

105.4

Arctic Cod

599.7-

797.1

234.3-

331.9

208.7-

224.5

11.6-

13.1

11.6-

13.1

0.14-

0.23

0.37-

0.46

72.2-

151.9

6.17-

14.36

0.038-

0.058

0.58-

0.93

0.10-

0.16

1.98-

3.4

0.97-

1.28

91.4-

93.5

Broad

Whitefish *230.3 52.3 81.4 0.8 0.762 0.034 0.68 226.0 4.0 0.073 0.942 0.187 2.053 1.855 78.517

Four Horn

Sculpin

610.2-

1654.3

100.8-

2310

162.9-

222.0

3.06-

5.5

3.05-

5.45

0.054-

0.189

0.80-

1.61

238.8-

663.0

14.1-

18.9

0.09-

0.22

0.83-

1.11

0.26-

0.50

2.38-

2.63

2.49-

3.29

96.7-

106.3

Humpback

Whitefish

105.1-

137.0

118.8-

610.6

125.9-

204.1

2.2-

2.4

2.157-

2.353

0.018-

0.038

0.56-

0.61

166.9-

168.6

3.7-

33.0

0.092-

0.198

1.097-

2.462

0.08-

0.524

2

1.92-

2.00

1.47-

2.10

50.40-

78.37

*Broad Whitefish were collected only at one site, Point Brower.

Finally, we present two ways of looking at the current sampling efforts and how

these inform our ability to detect change over time, or differences between collections

in the contaminant measures in fish undertaken in this study. First, in Figure 34, we

use the variability in some of the organic contaminant classes and markers among the

Four Horn Sculpin to determine how long, using annual sampling, it would take to

detect different percent changes in this species. The plot shows, for example, that it

would take only another year of sampling to detect a 50% change in the

concentrations of total pesticides for the Four Horn Sculpin. On the other hand, it

would take four additional years to detect a 50% change in low-molecular-weight

PAHs, 6 years to detect a similar change in total PCBs and liver hepatocyte P4501A

and 7 years to detect this change in high-molecular-weight PAHs.
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Detectable Site Trends in Four Horn Sculpin

The second way of evaluating detection of differences in fish contaminant

accumulation is to calculate the percent difference that can be detected in any

measure between two collection areas (e.g., affected and control) as a function of the

number of fish analyzed. Again, using the Four Horn Sculpin, a series of curves for a

number of scenarios were generated. In Figure 35, it can be seen that for the Four

Horn Sculpin the low sample numbers in this study were sufficient for detecting

changes of less than 50% for most variables. However, for total high-molecularweight PAH about 14 fish are needed to detect a true difference of 50% in means

(with beta=0.80) and more than 40 fish are needed to detect a difference of 50% in

liver hepatocyte P4501A.

Figure 34. The number of years required to detect significant within-site trends for

six variables measured in Four Horn Sculpin, if 20 fish are collected each

year. The number of years required to detect significant changes of 50%

are indicated for each variable. Analysis is based upon non-transformed

data.

n = 20 fish per year

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Years

Detectable Percent Difference

Total Pesticides

GutMuc P450

Total Low-weight PAHs

Total PCBs & LivHep P450

Total High-weight PAHs
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Mean Differences Between Four Horn Sculpin

The above discussion of power not only sets the stage for designing a future

monitoring program, but also for considering the strength of any emerging trends in

these 2001 data with an average about 6-7 fish per species per station.

We propose the Four Horn Sculpin as a candidate species for monitoring for a

number of reasons:

1. They show a higher number of site differences than any other species except Arctic

Cisco in this exploratory study (Table 13).

2. While their movements have not been explicitly studied around the project area,

sculpins generally have a limited range of movement in other areas and they are

likely a species that will reflect local conditions within the development area.

3. They probably represent the marine environment better than other species

included in the study, especially the three anadramous species.

Figure 35. Relationship between numbers of Four Horn Sculpin collected

from each of four sites and the percentage of difference between means

that can be detected. The number of fish required to detect significant

differences of 50% are indicated for each variable. These calculations are

based upon log transformed data and assume that a difference with p =

0.05 would have an 80% probability of being detected.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Number of Fish per Site

Detectable Percent Difference Between Means

Total Pesticides

Total Low-weight PAHs

GutMuc P450

Total PCBs

Total High-weight PAHs

LivHep P450
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4. From the above analyses it is apparent that this species has relatively good power

to detect change.

5. They have a rather catholic diet of epibenthic and benthic organisms and therefore

probably are good integrators of contaminants derived from lower in the food

web.

6. They have been recommended by the Arctic Marine Assessment Program and their

use on Alaska’s North Slope should contribute to a better understanding of the

circumpolar distribution and fate of trace substances in the Arctic.

Table 13. Summary of significant differences for species and contaminants with

respect to the effect of site.

Four

Horn

Sculpin

Arctic

Cod

Arctic

Cisco

Humpback

Whitefish

Broad

Whitefish

High-molecular-weight

PAH

x x

PCBs x

∑DDT x

Chlordanes x x x

HCH x x

Endosulfans x

Endrins x

Arsenic x

Barium x

Cadmium x x

Chromium x x

Copper x

Iron x

Lead x

Mercury x

Selenium x x

Vanadium x

Zinc x x

Phenanthrene metabolites x

Benz(a)pyrene

metabolites

x x

Liver P4501A x x

Total 8 5 11 7 0

In addition to the above considerations that favor Four Horn Sculpin as a species for

monitoring, a study in Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada found high

variability in PCBs between sites for this species separated by less than 10 km (Bright

et al., 1995).
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Our experience in this study is that gill nets and trawls are the best means of catching

Four Horn Sculpin and other offshore fishes in the area of the platforms. Fyke nets

are more appropriate for the nearshore anadramous species caught in this study.

There are some indications emerging from these data of possible anthropogenic

influence in fish from the study area. Perhaps the strongest evidence is for the PAH

and the markers that respond to PAH, particularly in the Four Horn Sculpin. While

there were no effects of site on whole body tissue residue concentrations of total PAH

or low-molecular-weight PAH in any species of fish, there were differences seen in

high-molecular-weight compounds between sites for Arctic Cisco and Four Horn

Sculpin. The sites where there were elevated concentrations in these two species were

Stump Island and Point Brower. In Four Horn Sculpin P4501A induction in the liver

cells (hepatocytes) varied significantly with site, with Point Brower and Stump Island

having the highest responses. Also, phenanthrene and benz(a)pyrene equivalents in

the bile varied significantly with site in Four Horn Sculpin. These are very sensitive

biomarkers and the P4501A marker showed minimal levels of response over the

entire area. It should also be noted that both biomarker responses can give false

positive responses with regard to anthropogenic PAH:

1. P4501A can respond to other chemicals. There are potential natural inducers, i.e.,

peat (Kopponen et al., 1993). It is also possible that some of the pesticides that were

detected in the fish tissues could have induced P4501A as not much work has been

done with these compounds relative to induction of this enzyme in fish.

2. There is a background of naturally fluorescing compounds in the bile of fish that

are not petroleum.

Despite these caveats, the findings with respect to PAHs are that the data are broadly

consistent with accumulation of low levels of PAHs in Four Horn Sculpin, induction

of the enzyme (P4501A) for metabolism of PAHs, and appearance of PAH

metabolites in the bile at sites where there is known anthropogenic activity—Stump

Island. We do not have an explanation for responses in Point Brower fish, but there

could be influences either from the Endicott Causeway or PAHs in the Sagavanirtok

River (perhaps of a natural origin). The Point Brower fish also clustered separately

from other species-site combinations when only the PAHs were analyzed (Fig. 31). It

should also be noted that the backward multiple regression relating tissue burdens of

PAHs and PCBs to P4501A response lent a little support to the above interpretation,

as the P4501A in gut mucosa of Four Horn Sculpin was significantly related to lowmolecular-weight PAHs. Both these measures, LMW PAH and P4501A in gut

mucosa, did not vary as function of site. One interpretation of this result of the

stepwise multiple regression is that a low level of LMW PAHs occurs at some

stations but not enough fish are available at the sampling sites to detect site

differences. In studies of biomarkers it is not uncommon to find relationships

emerging based on analysis of all individuals regardless of site that differ if the data

are contrasted as site means. It should be kept in mind again here that the power of

our study to resolve relationships is relatively weak for liver heptocyte P4501A and

high-molecular-weight PAH due to the small number of fish of each species at our

collection stations and the high variability of these measures. A clearer picture of

PAH bioaccumulation and metabolism would emerge for fish by a more

concentrated effort on Four Horn Sculpin.
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A potentially fuller interpretation of PAHs in fish will be possible once data in the

annual report for Task 2 can be compared with the fish data. There are measurements

of PAHs in the sediments, amphipods and bivalves taken in Task 2 and it will be

instructive to compare the variability in trace substances in invertebrates and in fish.

Also, we have not attempted to apply any diagnostic ratios to determine PAH

sources . Such ratios in clams, in particular, are useful, as they are likely not much

altered by metabolism. It is certain however that there are both multiple natural and

anthropogenic sources of PAH, in the nearshore Beaufort Sea (and that accurately

distinguishing the ultimate contributions of these sources of PAH that are

biologically available by tissue measurements may be impossible (Steinhauer and

Boehm, 1992; Yunker and MacDonald, 1995).

Organochlorines and pesticides do not occur naturally, so what is found in the

tissues is clearly anthropogenic. The only question is whether the source is distant or

local, and therefore more likely to be related to industrial or military activity in oil

field development area. Although distant sources are thoroughly mixed

atmospherically by the time they arrive in the Arctic, there is some evidence that

large rivers draining into the Beaufort Sea might result in higher local concentrations

and variability within the study area that may not be attributable to local sources

(Bright et al., 1995). PCBs in fish tissues in this study only varied significantly with

site in Arctic Cisco. These are some of the few data on PCBs in fish from the North

Slope of Alaska. In another study in the Canadian Arctic, Four Horn Sculpin were

analyzed around Cambridge Bay and nearby areas, Northwest Territories that

included a dump near a small town and, like Bullen Point, a DEW line site. Wholebody concentrations of PCBs (without the livers and on a wet-weight basis) ranged

from about 4 to 220 ppb total PCBs. The higher values were attributed to

contaminated soil near the town and the military site (Bright et al., 1995).

We have recognized two patterns of relative congener abundance in the fish from this

study. The first is a mixture dominated by high-molecular-weight congeners (e.g.,

IUPAC congener 153). A second pattern includes a similar congener composition of

high-molecular-weight compounds, but also has significant, and sometimes

dominant, low-molecular-weight components (e.g. IUPAC congener 8). The lowmolecular-weight congeners in such mixes have been reported previously from

Beaufort Sea samples (Vallette-Silver et al., 1999). The clustering of the site-species

combinations found that for PCBs, Bullen Point clustered separately, suggesting a

potential local source at this site but not enough of a robust source to provide a

statistically significant site difference with low numbers of fish at that site. This is

also the location of an old Military installation, a Distant Early Warning (DEW) line

site. There were 63 DEW line sites in the Arctic, in Greenland, Canada and Alaska

and there were about 30 tons of PCBs estimated to be at these sites (AMAP, 1997).

Further, if all analytes are used, a separate cluster for Point Brower Four Horn

Sculpin emerges. We have no explanation of this except that this is within the

influence of the Sagavanirktok River and there are likely different ratios in the trace

substances coming from this source relative to the Beaufort Sea.
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For other individual classes of pesticides making up the total pesticide category there

were significant differences due to site with one or more species. For Chlordanes,

DDTs, Endosulfans and Endrins species which had significant variability with site

had consistently high concentrations in Stump Island fish relative to those at the

other sites. Point Brower fish were also high in many cases. It was also mainly the

Arctic Cisco that had significant site differences for these groups of compounds,

although Arctic Cod, Humpback Whitefish and Four Horn Sculpin also had a

difference each for one compound or compound group. The Four Horn Sculpin had

site differences for Chlordanes. Humpback Whitefish had site differences for

Chlordanes and Endrins. Taken together these data suggest that there are elevated

concentrations of several pesticides in the area of Stump Island and Point Brower

over the general background for the area and there might be a low-level source there

for pesticides. We do not know at this time what a local source might be. Pest control

is one possibility that should be investigated.

Due to the natural occurrence of metals in crustal rocks and nearshore marine

sediments, we face challenges in interpreting what metals may have an

anthropogenic source. There were no differences due to site in the whole-body

concentrations of only nickel, which will not be discussed further as there is no basis

in our findings for an anthropogenic source for this metal in tissues. The remainder

of the metals analyzed showed significant differences due to site in one or more

species: arsenic, barium, cadmium, iron, mercury, selenium, vanadium and zinc.

The highest concentrations of arsenic occurred in Four Horn Sculpin at Stump Island

and Point Brower. The source of this arsenic is uncertain, as it did not appear to be

significantly elevated in sediments anywhere in the area on an iron-normalized basis

(see Trefry et al, Interim Report, Task 2). There was very little variability in the

concentrations of this metal in fish, so just slight changes from site to site in mean

values were likely to result in finding significant differences. It is not known if there

is an anthropogenic source of arsenic in the area. It should be noted that arsenic

concentrations are several times greater in sediments of the sampling area than

average crustal abundance and that the maximum concentration of arsenic in

sediments exceeds the Effects Range Low (ERL) of Long and MacDonald (1995) (See

Task 2 report—Trefry et al). It should also be noted that arsenic is generally elevated

in North Slope sediments compared to other locations in Alaska (Vallette-Silver et al.,

1999). A study in the eastern Beaufort Sea found concentrations of arsenic of 0.5 to 0.8

μg/g (wet-weight. basis), which compares to about 1-15 μg/g dry-weight found in

this study. Using a conversion of dry to wet of about 4-5 times the values found in

this present study appear to be significantly higher than those found in the previous

study (West, unpublished 1985).

Also, river borne arsenic entering the Beaufort Sea on suspended particles may

partition to biological compartments. Arsenic appears to be accumulated in marine

organisms by trophic transfer. Most studies have found that concentrations of arsenic

do not increase with increasing trophic level (e.g., Bernhard and Andrae, 1984).

However, studies done in an Australian estuary suggest that biomagnification may

occur (Barwick and Maher, 2003).
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Analysis of the ratios of barium to iron in the fish data suggests that sediment may

have played a role in trace metals detected in Four Horn Sculpin. We therefore

ascribe no other particular interpretation to the site effect seen with this element in

Four Horn Sculpin. Sediments do occur in the guts of bottom feeding fish. In

addition, the barium sulfate used in drilling mud is not appreciably biologically

available to marine organisms.

There was an effect of site on cadmium concentrations in Arctic Cisco. Point Brower

fish had the highest concentrations of the four collection sites, however in the other

species there was not a pronounced difference in Cd concentrations at Point Brower

and other stations. Several stations had equivalent concentrations in this species. It is

not known if the influence of freshwater made cadmium more biologically available

at these sites.

Chromium varied significantly with site in Arctic Cisco and Four Horn Sculpin.

Arctic Cisco had the highest concentrations at Stump Island. For Four Horn Sculpin,

Liberty and Point Brower had the highest concentrations. We can ascribe no

particular interpretation to these data.

Copper had the higher concentrations in Humpback Whitefish at Stump Island than

at Point Brower. We cannot discount the possibility of an anthropogenic source of

this metal at Stump Island.

Arctic Cod was the only species where the variation in iron content differed

significantly between sites. Again, four of the sites had equivalent values. Iron is an

essential element and is therefore physiologically regulated in fish. It seems unlikely

that without a very large biologically available source that iron would appreciably

accumulate in fish beyond the range that is physiologically required. However, with

four of the five sites having equivalent values we ascribe no particular reason for the

significant variation besides the vagaries of chance sampling and small sample sizes.

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish had higher concentrations of lead than those

from Point Brower. We cannot discount the possibility of an anthropogenic source of

this metal at Stump Island.

Arctic Cisco showed significant variation in mercury. Point Brower fish had greater

concentrations than Stump Island fish, which in turn were higher than Liberty fish.

However, the differences in means were very small. At this stage, we cannot rule out

a slight local anthropogenic influence on mercury in this species. Nor can we rule out

random variability in a small sample set (n=6-7 per site) as an explanation of this

finding.

It should be noted that cadmium, lead and mercury are believed to be transported in

the atmosphere to the Arctic, so there is a possible anthropogenic component to the

concentrations in fish tissue measured here (Mac Donald et al., 2000).

For selenium, Arctic Cod from Liberty had greater concentrations than those from

Northstar. Again, this is based on a very small sample size and we have no reason to

attribute this to anthropogenic activities at the site.
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Vanadium is another element for which Arctic Cod showed significant differences

due to site. In this case, the Liberty fish had higher concentrations than the Northstar

fish. Again, the potential influence of sediments in the gut, as well as a small sample

size, may be a factor as there are no known sources of vanadium at Liberty.

For zinc, the Arctic Cisco and the Humpback Whitefish had variation due to site. In

this case Stump Island fish had consistently higher concentrations.

Among all of the analytes assessed by Task 8, PCBs appear to be of greatest concern

to human health based on measured whole-body concentrations. When whole body

tissue residues are compared to EPA’s screening values for subsistence consumption

of (fish) flesh, it appears that flesh concentrations, had we measured them, might

approach EPAs screening values, which at 3 ppb total PCBs, are conservative in

comparison with FDA screening values of 2 ppm. The data produced by Task 8

investigations cannot be compared to EPA and FDA screening values, as Task 8 data

are from whole-body concentrations and EPA and FDA values are based on

concentrations in muscle tissue. PCBs are stored in lipid-rich tissues, and are

typically in much lower concentrations in flesh than in whole body. Additionally,

EPA subsistence screening values are based on a detailed risk assessment scenario

that applies risk based on specified levels of consumption. The data produced in Task

8 is based only on whole body fish tissue concentrations. No investigation of

consumption levels was included. National Status and Trends Benthic Surveillance

Project fish data was investigated to determine if useful comparisons could be made

between the fish from the North Slope and multiple locations from around the

United States. However, after careful consideration of the NS&T data we decided not

to use it, as all of the PCB data produced by NS&T is from fish livers rather than

whole-body concentrations. Fish liver concentrations are expected to be much higher

(perhaps an order of magnitude or more) than whole-body concentrations.

Ecological effects of PCBs in fish are a prominent concern in addition to the obvious

concerns to subsistence consumers. The vast majority of studies have human health

as their main priority and therefore investigate PCBs only in the edible portions

(flesh) of the investigated organisms. This is unfortunate (from our perspective) from

several standpoints. Chief among them is that PCBs accumulate most heavily in the

lipid rich portions (organs), making the data non-comparable with studies such as

this one, the objective of which was determination of whole body levels, thus

allowing an investigation of the environment with human health issues taking a

lesser role. From a purely ecological perspective, one recent study (Meador et. al.,

2002) emerges that looked at whole body tissue residues of PCBs in salmonids. The

authors investigated all of the effects studies conducted to date and determined

(using the admitted conservative 10th percentile approach recommended by the EPA)

that whole body lipid normalized wet-weight. concentrations of total PCBs exceeding

2.4 ppm cause harm (as defined in the Endangered Species Act) to juvenile

salmonids. While the Meador et. al., study did not include Whitefish or Cisco, they

are closely related to the Salmon, Trout and Char that were investigated. We clearly

understand that significant physiological differences between groups of fishes make

a comparison of potential harm somewhat tenuous, however given the lack of

available data, we think a comparison is worthwhile in this case. The mean tissue
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concentrations of PCBs for all five of the (Task 8) investigated species were below 2.4

ppm. The Four Horn Sculpin at Bullen Point had a mean value of 2.3 ppm, and a

single individual had a concentration of 462 ppm. Sculpins at Bullen Point clearly

had the highest PCB concentrations of any of the site-species combinations. The

concentrations found there are of some concern for ecological effects on fish.

(Hoekstra et. al., (2003) also found concentrations well bellow 2.4 ppm in fish

collected by subsistence fishers from nearby Elson lagoon (Barrow, AK).

Additionally, a study by Atuma et. al., (1998) documented whole body lipid

normalized wet-weight. concentrations of 1.3-3.1 ppm PCBs in Atlantic Salmon from

the Baltic Sea. Further investigation of contaminants and their potential effects on fish

(e.g., in Four Horn Sculpin) is warranted based on findings presented here.

5.0 References

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program. 1997. Arctic Pollution Issues: A state of

the Arctic environmental report. AMAP, Oslo, Norway.

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program. 1999. Heavy Metals in the Arctic.

Proceedings of the International Workshop, November 1999, Anchorage, Alaska.

September 7-10 1999.

Arthur D. Little, Inc. 2001. 2001 Field Sampling and Logistics Plan for the Minerals

Management Service ANIMIDA Field Survey. Prepared for Minerals Management

Service. July.

Atuma, S. S., Aune, M., Bergh, A., Wicklund-Glynn, A., Darnerud, P. O., Larson, L.,

Olsson, M., and Sanstrum, O. 1998. Polychlorinated biphenyls in salmon (Salmo salar)

from the Swedish east coast. Organhalogen Compounds, v. 39, pp. 153-156.

Barber, W.E., Smith, R.L., Vallarino, M. 1997. Demersal fish assemblages of the

northeastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska. Fisheries Bulletin, v. 95, pp. 195-209.

Barwick, M. and Maher, W. 2003. Biotransference and biomagnification of

selenium copper, cadmium, zinc, arsenic and lead in a temperate seagrass

ecosystem from Lake Macquarie Estuary, NSW, Australia. Mar. Environ. Res., v. 56,

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6.0 Appendices
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix A

APPENDIX A: FISH COLLECTION FORMS

(Located on enclosed CD)
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix A-1

These field forms, located on the enclosed CD, document the timing, location,

method, personnel, and species collected at each site.




























Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix B

APPENDIX B: FISH DISSECTION FORMS

(Located on enclosed CD)
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix B-1

These forms, on the enclosed CD, were filled out during the fish dissections, and

document species, timing, tissues, ancillary data and blanks.






































































































































Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix C

APPENDIX C: RAW DATA

(Located on the enclosed CD)
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix C-1

This appendix, located on the enclosed CD, contains all of the raw laboratory analysis

data and the fish species, length (SL), weight, and sex. All of the organic data is

expressed in wet-weight, and all of the metal data is expressed in dry-weight. All

data is expressed as parts per billion (μg/kg).
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES SEX WEIGHT LENGTH

8 - 2,4'- 

Dichlorobiphenyl (Cl2)

18 - 2,2',5- 

Trichlorobiphenyl (Cl3)

28 - 2,4,4'- 

Trichlorobiphenyl (Cl3)

44 - 2,2',3,5'- 

Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4)

52 - 2,2',5,5'- 

Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4)

66 - 2,3',4,4'- 

Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4)

101 - 2,2',4,5,5'- 

Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5)

2 SIS AC U 200 285 0.041 0.17 0.27

3 SIS AC U 100 270 0.049 0.11 0.18

4 SIS AC U 100 280 0.08 0.13 0.29

5 SIS AC U 100 280 0.24 0.09 0.19

6 SIS AC F 100 280 0.43 0.078 0.17

7 SIS AC F 100 290 0.06 0.12 0.25

8 SIS AC F 100 290 0.33 0.11 0.14 0.29

9 SIS AC F 100 270 0.052 0.13 0.16

10 SIS AC F 100 290 0.13 0.1 0.21

12 SIS HW M 600 470 0.51 0.8 2.4 0.71 5.5

13 SIS HW M 750 465 0.29 0.055 0.21 0.45 0.16 3

14 SIS HW M 700 438 0.25 0.085 0.086 0.064 0.99

15 SIS HW F 600 415 0.39 0.5 0.44 1 0.26 2.7

16 SIS HW M 500 411 0.77 0.18 0.71 0.29 3.3

17 SIS HW M 600 418 0.19 0.2 0.48 3.2 8.4 9.6 18

18 SIS HW F 600 440 0.57 0.086 0.066 1.3

19 SIS HW F 500 402 0.99 0.66 0.25 0.79

20 SIS HW M 600 429 0.8 0.46 0.94 2.8 0.68 9.5

21 SIS HW M 500 395 0.4 0.19 0.41 0.098 1.2

22 SIS HW M 600 423 0.36 0.05 0.14 0.26 0.11 1.5

23 SIS HW M 800 428 0.97 0.79 0.23 1.4

24 SIS HW F 500 419 0.46 0.26 0.37 0.64 0.21 2.4

26 SIS FHS F 150 205 0.44

27 SIS FHS M 100 208 0.6 0.31 0.93

28 SIS FHS F 100 208 0.54 0.17

31 SIS FHS F 87 200 0.5 0.93 0.52 0.46 0.84 0.44 0.62

32 SIS FHS F 51 184 0.59 0.91 0.51 0.69 1.2 0.63 0.77

33 SIS FHS M 25 141 0.43 1.3 0.81 1 1.3 0.76 0.93

36 SIS AC M 450 398 1.1

37 SIS AC F 300 416 2.6 0.66 0.77

45 SIS FHS F 400 299 0.86 0.58 0.44 0.37 0.66

46 SIS FHS F 175 250 0.69 1.1 0.76 0.78 1.4 0.82 0.78

47 SIS FHS F 125 215 0.94 1.2 0.61 0.73 1.1 0.62 0.87

48 SIS FHS F 125 218 0.75 0.9 0.44 0.44 0.78 0.42 0.45

49 SIS FHS F 82 218 0.67 0.76 0.76 0.97 0.56 1

50 SIS FHS F 97 119 0.48 1.2 0.75 0.98 1.4 1 0.8

52 PBS BW M 150 260 0.18 0.59 0.63 0.87 1.1 0.85 0.51

53 PBS AC M 600 406 0.17 0.15 0.36

54 PBS AC F 74 224 0.09 0.19

55 PBS BW F 79 212 0.69 0.1 0.25

56 PBS BW M 600 406 0.26 0.39 0.21 0.4 0.64 0.42

61 PBS FHS F 25 135 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.61 0.42 0.7

64 PBS HW F 450 388 0.66 0.39 0.24 0.34 0.73 0.75

65 PBS HW F 550 395 0.56 0.48 0.71 1.2 0.63 2.2

66 PBS HW F 210 350 1.3 0.47 0.37 0.17 0.31 0.24 0.58

67 PBS AC F 65 205

68 PBS AC U 32 161 0.079 0.12

69 PBS AC U 19 140 0.15 0.12 0.2

70 PBS FHS F 150 245 0.37 0.12 0.45

71 PBS FHS M 30 150 0.47 0.96 0.12 0.65 0.29 0.85

75 PBS BW M 400 430 0.23

76 PBS BW U 41 175 0.12

77 PBS BW F 300 215 0.27

79 PBS FHS F 32 140 0.2 0.27 0.19 0.8

80 PBS FHS F 35 142 0.26

81 L AC M 200 280 0.12 0.099 0.14

82 L AC M 225 300 0.2 0.1 0.14

83 L AC F 200 275 0.097 0.11 0.14 0.18

84 L AC M 200 287 0.11 0.12 0.21 0.16

85 L AC M 175 245 1.4 0.74 0.13 0.17

86 L AC M 175 257 0.9 0.44 0.14 0.29 0.18

87 L AC M 175 288 0.69 0.37 0.12 0.12

88 L AC F 200 303 0.69 0.14 0.12 0.2

89 L ACD F 22 144 2.3

90 L ACD F 21 135 0.81 0.33

91 L ACD F 22 143 1.9

92 L ACD F 25 146 1.4 0.32 0.26

95 L FHS F 33 150 0.36

96 L FHS F 50 180 0.29

97 BPS AC M 200 165 0.59 0.44 0.11 0.21 0.18

98 BPS AC F 225 306 0.71 0.28 0.2 0.028 0.2

99 BPS AC M 175 267 0.28 0.13 0.17 0.25 0.3

100 BPS AC M 200 318 0.39 0.13 0.18 0.23

101 BPS AC M 200 315 0.61 0.29 0.25 0.21

102 BPS AC M 200 314 0.29 0.12 0.16 0.36 0.19

103 BPS AC M 175 273 1.2 0.25 0.21 0.22

104 BPS AC M 200 297 0.69 0.28 0.23 0.54 0.24

105 BPS AC F 200 304 0.99 0.3 0.37 0.2

108 BPS FHS F 66 184 0.26 0.29 1.2 0.8 1.2

109 BPS FHS F 53 172 0.3 0.22 0.17 0.83

110 BPS FHS F 125 210 0.24

111 BPS FHS F 65 182 0.67 1.9 1.8 12 54 55 71

112 BPS FHS F 165 175 0.18 0.72 0.16 1.7

113 BPS FHS F 59 182 0.21 0.18 0.11 0.32 0.18 1

114 BPS FHS F 60 164 0.4 0.2 0.14 1

115 L ACD M 28 164 1.1 0.54 0.3 0.41 2.1

116 L ACD F 18 130 1.1 0.64 0.35 0.76

117 L ACD M 19 139 0.48 0.9 1.6 4

118 L ACD F 19 136 1.4 0.48

121 BPS FHS M 25 145 0.99 0.17 1.4

122 BPS FHS M 65 185 0.15 0.26 1.2

123 BPS FHS M 55 171 0.36 5 3.4 1.1 2.9 2.4 1.2

126 N ACD F 20 146 1.7 0.22 0.61 0.57 1.6

127 N ACD M 50 195 1.2 0.4 0.21 1.4

128 N ACD F 23 147 0.61 1.4 0.68 5

129 N ACD M 28 161 3.7 0.34 0.74 0.66

130 N ACD M 20 135 0.86 0.59 0.37 1.2

131 N ACD F 21 146 2.1 0.51 0.38 0.95 0.82

132 N ACD NA NA NA 0.2 0.54 0.43 1.7

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 1 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

105 - 2,3,3',4,4'- 

Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5)

118 - 2,3',4,4',5- 

Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5)

128 - 2,2',3,3',4,4'- 

Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6)

138 - 2,2',3,4,4',5'- 

Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6)

153 - 2,2',4,4',5,5'- 

Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6)

170 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5- 

Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7)

180 - 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'- 

Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7)

0.051 0.16 0.04 0.24 0.44 0.12

0.04 0.087 0.047 0.17 0.39 0.1

0.042 0.12 0.27 0.4 0.15

0.25 0.086 0.039 0.14 0.25 0.014 0.11

0.06 0.033 0.16 0.28 0.079

0.03 0.11 0.034 0.21 0.34 0.13

0.045 0.081 0.038 0.24 0.48 0.28 0.17

0.035 0.084 0.025 0.19 0.31 0.016 0.14

0.052 0.15 0.35 0.14

2.4 5.1 1.1 5.2 5.2 0.64 0.74

0.84 2.3 0.56 2.7 2.5 0.39 0.52

0.21 0.79 0.16 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.27

1.1 2.4 0.48 2.5 2.3 0.36 0.37

1.1 2.8 0.7 3.1 3.1 0.5 0.5

8.5 17 4.5 17 14 2.3 2.9

0.44 1.2 0.26 1.4 1.6 0.32 0.32

0.27 0.54 0.12 0.56 0.73 0.14 0.1

3.5 8.1 2.4 8.4 7.5 1.1 1.4

0.4 1.2 0.19 1.3 1.2 0.14 0.17

0.44 1.4 0.34 1.6 1.6 0.22 0.29

0.42 1.3 0.34 1.6 1.5 0.28 0.26

0.75 2.1 0.47 2.3 2.2 0.31 0.43

0.25 0.51 0.78 0.88 0.11 0.11

0.35 0.79 0.85 0.1 0.078

1.1 0.35 1.4 1.5 0.18 0.26

0.23 0.54 0.75 0.64 0.12 0.11

0.28 0.64 0.08 0.85 0.76 0.11 0.14

0.37 0.89 0.12 1.5 0.98 0.15 0.19

0.64 0.076 0.55 0.96 0.31

0.032 0.33 0.048 0.45 0.66 0.33

0.22 0.74 0.12 0.88 0.91 0.16 0.19

0.31 0.94 0.069 0.66 0.63 0.12 0.17

0.26 0.53 0.28 0.92 0.77 0.085 0.17

0.34 0.084 0.69 0.47 0.09 0.17

0.41 1.1 0.33 1.4 1.3 0.14 0.22

0.64 1.5 0.43 1.5 1.4 0.23 0.36

0.27 0.32 0.04 0.35 0.29 0.058 0.057

0.084 0.054 0.3 0.6 0.013 0.25

0.12 0.035 0.17 0.32 0.091

0.048 0.56 0.21 0.027

0.13 0.5 0.3 0.038

0.37 1.2 0.86 0.18 0.12

0.63 0.71 0.5 0.13 0.084

0.82 2 0.32 2.8 1.9 0.44 0.55

0.16 0.33 0.54 0.39 0.16 0.085

0.066 0.19 0.19

0.034 0.12 0.21 0.073

0.12 0.11 0.26

0.18 0.1 0.84 0.75 0.12 0.22

0.14 0.42 0.11 1.5 1.1 0.19 0.42

0.066 0.05 0.1 0.16 0.016

0.028 0.07 0.053 0.062

0.029 0.061 0.031

0.28 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.18 0.094

0.12 0.21 0.31 0.045 0.042

0.051 0.13 0.3

0.08 0.26

0.068 0.14 0.33 0.084

0.039 0.13 0.36 0.091

0.15 0.36

0.12 0.31

0.14 0.3 0.11

0.14 0.32

0.32 0.073 0.07

0.11 0.055

0.3 0.19

0.32 0.34 1.6 0.067 0.1

0.999 0.12 0.06 0.5 0.058 0.042

0.16 0.42

0.13 0.52

0.05 0.11 0.04 0.3 0.38 0.13

0.058 0.098 0.046 0.24 0.48 0.18

0.073 0.077 0.027 0.22 0.44

0.13 0.31

0.023 0.26 0.5 0.19

0.1 0.38

0.045 0.13 0.39

0.99 1.7 0.34 1.7 2.4 0.25 0.36

0.34 0.71 0.91 1.3 0.1 0.17

0.077 0.18 0.21 0.49 0.042 0.044

23 59 14 89 62 6.9 8.8

0.5 1.1 0.17 1 1.4 0.22 0.17

0.42 0.98 0.59 1.5 1.3 0.25 1.4

0.53 1.1 0.28 1.4 1.2 0.17 0.27

1.3 2.7 0.7 4.2 3.8 0.53 1

0.23 0.32 1.6 0.92 0.12

1.6 3.4 1 4.4 2.9 0.49 0.55

0.22 0.55 0.12 1.8 0.66 0.29

0.8 0.73 1.1 2.2 0.097 0.16

0.75 1.5 0.58 2.3 2.7 0.34 0.56

0.87 1.2 1.7 1.7 0.27 0.39

0.3 1.8 0.25 0.12

1 1.3 0.59 3.1 2 0.77 0.97

4.1 7.7 2.6 10 7.6 1.3 2.2

0.14 0.23 0.14 0.9 0.55 0.096

1 1.7 2.9 2.2 0.81 1.1

0.12 0.27 0.086 1 0.54 0.1

0.98 2.3 0.64 2.9 2.1 0.42 0.46

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 2 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

187 - 2,2',3,4',5,5',6- 

Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7)

195 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6- 

Octachlorobiphenyl (Cl8)

206 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6- 

Nonachlorobiphenyl (Cl9)

209 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'- 

Decachlorobiphenyl (Cl10) 2,4'-DDD 2,4'-DDE 2,4'-DDT 4,4'-DDD 4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDT Aldrin

alphaChlordanecisNonachlor

0.046 0.04 0.019 0.059 0.12 0.19 0.068 0.29 0.2

0.04 0.069 0.12 0.15 0.057 0.32 0.19

0.047 0.096 0.15 0.22 0.1 0.41 0.25

0.057 0.31 0.098 0.056 0.99 0.15 0.092 0.27 0.17

0.036 0.096 0.063 0.13 0.17 0.083 0.33 0.17

0.047 0.1 0.076 0.16 0.19 0.077 0.37 0.19

0.061 0.022 0.051 0.19 0.074 0.13 0.21 0.067 0.36 0.23

0.016 0.038 0.065 0.16 0.086 0.032 0.18

0.087 0.22 0.05 0.074 0.14 0.15 0.063 0.037 0.21

0.5 0.021 0.017 1 0.25 0.49 0.57

0.37 0.034 0.016 0.34 0.84 0.3 0.16 0.54

0.19 0.0082 0.0089 0.11 0.17 0.71 0.12 0.037 0.23

0.23 0.017 0.012 0.41 0.24 0.54

0.37 0.0086 0.012 0.46 0.78 0.21 0.22 0.68

1.4 0.15 0.068 0.012 1 0.53 0.97

0.18 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.33 0.16 0.4

0.088 0.0094 0.016 0.38 0.22 0.12 0.39

0.91 0.046 0.031 0.72 2.3 0.18 0.42 0.93

0.11 0.0058 0.12 0.4 0.1 0.24

0.19 0.014 0.013 0.17 0.46 0.13 0.28

0.21 0.01 0.26 0.44 0.11 0.39

0.23 0.014 0.012 0.23 0.8 0.065 0.22 0.37

0.0043 0.0072 0.18 0.28 0.68 0.38 0.39

0.17 0.21 1.2 0.3 0.43

0.012 0.13 0.55 0.034 0.47 0.41

0.048 0.17 0.4 0.092 0.23 0.3

0.042 0.023 0.0088 0.18 0.54 0.17 0.26 0.3

0.029 0.031 0.01 0.23 0.76 0.12 0.48 0.28

0.29 0.51 0.19 0.36 0.4

0.16 0.2 0.16 1.2 0.45 0.73 1.5 0.69

0.041 0.23 0.45 0.14 0.45

0.038 0.027 0.12 0.5 0.036 0.096 0.29

0.044 0.11 0.96 0.31 0.28

0.098 0.021 0.51 0.042 0.19 0.19

0.017 0.022 0.18 1.1 0.13 0.54 0.43

0.029 0.029 0.18 0.39 0.059 0.27 0.28

0.043 0.01 0.16 0.2 0.045 0.091 0.11

0.064 0.039 0.037 0.02 0.19 0.13 0.21 0.35 0.11 0.32 0.31

0.036 0.19 0.1 0.14 0.032 0.15 0.17

0.014 0.25 0.021 0.032 0.068 0.045

0.076 0.017 0.33 0.25 0.086 0.24 0.19

0.049 0.036 0.51 0.56 0.1 0.13 0.44

0.078 0.013 0.59 0.24 0.073 0.39 0.25

0.22 0.024 0.63 0.37 0.23 0.36 0.44

0.034 0.01 0.28 0.24 0.15 0.21

0.17 0.1 0.22

0.19 0.085 0.13 0.17

0.26 0.11 0.13 0.15

0.19 0.05 0.017 0.24 0.16 0.055 0.14 0.33

0.29 0.016 0.029 0.072 0.55 0.091 0.35 0.19

0.091 0.13 0.14 0.12

0.013 0.02 0.029 0.053

0.008 0.064 0.043

0.13 0.027 0.0064 0.29 0.17 0.076 0.17

0.16 0.034 0.082 0.1

0.036 0.032 0.2 0.14 0.14 0.049 0.2 0.13

0.018 0.16 0.05 0.2 0.15

0.044 0.026 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.052 0.15 0.16

0.24 0.1 0.16 0.06 0.27 0.17

0.077 0.48 0.067 0.14 0.04 0.24 0.18

0.33 0.13 0.07 0.14 0.055 0.16 0.14

0.062 0.34 0.058 0.13 0.14 0.044 0.033 0.21 0.16

0.059 0.15

0.16 0.016 0.42 0.26 0.25

0.087 0.012 0.3 0.08 0.39 0.2

0.05 0.2 0.75

0.026 0.15 0.15 0.17

0.072 1.7 0.21 0.35

0.0087 0.29 0.03 0.066 0.2

0.04 0.29 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.16

0.026 0.12 0.33 0.21

0.04 0.035 0.24 0.19 0.047 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.18

0.072 0.16 0.072 0.42 0.05 0.16 0.16 0.026 0.33 0.22

0.053 0.59 0.12 0.049 0.32 0.26

0.05 0.027 0.24 0.13 0.065 0.12 0.16 0.26 0.18

0.083 0.066 0.5 0.094 0.16 0.37 0.063 0.4 0.21

0.07 0.04 0.21 0.13 0.39 0.19

0.083 0.048 0.15 0.094 0.16 0.46 0.22

0.069 0.014 0.015 0.5

0.048 0.0033 0.012 0.57 0.042 0.06 0.46

0.019 0.14 0.25

3.5 0.26 0.12 0.018 0.22

0.19 0.0077 0.0094 0.18 0.34 0.36

1.9 14 4.7 0.26 0.49 0.087 0.18 0.3

0.16 0.013 0.06 0.018 0.2 0.45 0.062 0.24 0.34

1.2 4 1 0.74 0.63 0.17 0.57 0.69

0.034 0.74 0.61 0.6 0.34 0.74 0.39

0.34 0.27 0.051 0.46 0.51 0.98 0.24 0.5 0.37

0.25 0.075 0.023 0.41 0.073 0.26 0.22

0.069 0.01 0.021 1.4 0.42

0.15 0.017 0.074 0.017 0.92 1 0.13 0.16 0.43

0.22 0.13 0.038 0.08 0.33

0.16 0.023 0.98 0.59 0.18 0.24 0.43

0.57 0.088 0.14 0.034 0.44 0.72 0.23 1.1 0.58

1.3 1.1 0.48 0.9 0.33 0.9 0.84

0.15 0.095 0.028 0.35 0.3 0.11 0.57 0.27

0.72 0.086 0.29 0.091 0.56 0.59 0.21 0.22 0.29

0.12 0.047 0.36 0.32 0.15 0.63 0.24

0.38 0.02 0.14 0.032 0.37 0.32 0.1 0.48 0.4

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 3 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

gammaChlordane HeptachlorHeptachlor 

Epoxide Oxychlordane Methoxychlor

transNonachloralphahexachlorocyclohexanebetahexachlorocyclohexanedeltahexachlorocyclohexane Endosulfan I Endosulfan IIEndosulfan 

Sulfate Dieldrin

0.12 0.15 0.27 0.41 0.29 0.16 0.29

0.11 0.12 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.22 0.028 0.069 0.24

0.1 0.34 0.31 0.52 0.2 0.039 0.059 0.22

0.068 0.024 0.14 0.95 0.34 0.16 0.06 0.099

0.087 0.045 0.092 0.19 0.12 0.4 0.18 0.022 0.051 0.15

0.095 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.4 0.24 0.042 0.054 0.23

0.098 0.3 0.28 0.44 0.41 0.071 0.048 0.33

0.11 0.096 0.32 0.57 0.39 0.3 0.041 0.059 0.25

0.23 0.17 0.33 0.38 0.31 0.042 0.36

0.52 0.22 0.7 0.89 0.66 0.13 0.38

0.076 0.02 0.38 1.4 0.095 0.068

0.082 0.015 0.22 0.23 0.62 0.17 0.085 0.13

0.26 0.61 0.66 0.49 0.16 0.44

0.21 0.72 1.2 0.48 0.068 0.32

0.18 0.035 0.32 0.38 0.68 0.35 0.043

0.068 0.34 0.41 0.092 0.73 0.29 0.037 0.031 0.34

0.73 0.84 0.55 0.66 0.44 0.18 0.29

0.36 0.88 1.5 0.5 0.59

0.4 0.56 0.28 0.2

0.085 0.23 0.067 0.62 0.16 0.034 0.16

0.53 0.65 0.44 0.83 0.86 0.35

0.1 0.042 0.3 0.078 0.71 0.2 0.1 0.26

0.24 0.051 0.61 0.83 0.41 0.096 0.48

0.18 0.37 1.2 0.29 1.2 2.3 0.38 0.76

0.17 0.065 0.14 0.59 0.032 0.88 0.58 0.19 0.19 0.39

0.06 0.072 0.38 0.09 0.57 0.37 0.21

0.046 0.063 0.24 0.58 0.073 0.72 1.3 0.2 0.54

0.086 0.19 0.27 0.63 0.38 0.88 0.67 0.31 0.26 0.59

0.21 0.5 0.54 1 1.4 0.3 0.033 0.12 0.55

0.22 0.74 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.58

0.025 0.11 0.24 0.66 0.91 0.67 0.39

0.055 0.21 0.24 0.67 0.22 0.78 0.88 0.18 0.21 0.34

0.062 0.15 0.53 0.69 0.1 0.77 0.73 0.087 0.38

0.048 0.29 0.53 0.34 0.17

0.078 0.14 0.25 1 0.071 1.3 0.55 0.22 0.65

0.05 0.056 0.24 0.55 0.13 0.73 0.65 0.34

0.2 0.17 0.053 0.1

0.21 0.4 0.64 0.83 0.19 0.026 0.094 0.33

0.13 0.23 0.38 0.33 0.26 0.038 0.18

0.21 0.22 0.078 0.25 0.046 0.063

0.092 0.042 0.54 0.4 0.49 0.9 0.15 0.39

0.043 0.083 0.7 0.55 0.58 0.31 0.061 0.41

0.26 0.5 0.47 0.51 0.56 0.82 0.56

0.13 0.16 0.7 0.22 0.73 1.1 0.67

0.05 0.4 0.55 0.99 0.37

0.32 0.56 0.17

0.15 0.13 0.86 0.22 0.39 0.042 0.059 0.14

0.19 0.24 1.2 0.28 0.6 0.23

0.065 0.059 0.12 0.32 0.091 0.65 1.1 0.11 0.26

0.073 0.23 0.092 0.38 0.37 0.48 0.41 0.31

0.17 0.22 0.3 0.79 0.15 0.23

0.22 0.23 0.23 0.5 0.13

0.35 0.35 0.48 0.15

0.13 0.36 0.34 0.28 0.44 0.15 0.26

0.03 0.035 0.084 0.23 0.56 0.21 0.2 0.046 0.12 0.23

0.14 0.1 0.18 0.34 0.62 0.27

0.11 0.11 0.19 0.34 0.9 0.37 0.053 0.29

0.17 0.13 0.17 0.34 0.66 0.28 0.17

0.12 0.2 0.37 0.72 0.23 0.053 0.22

0.11 0.35 0.27 0.39 0.92 0.32

0.12 0.34 0.35 0.95 0.54 0.2

0.13 0.28 0.26 0.37 0.74 0.042 0.28

0.053 0.11 0.29 0.35 0.93 0.35 0.28 0.093 0.37

0.47 0.14 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.3

0.2 0.41 0.6 1.1 0.55

0.32 0.69 0.97 0.68 0.18 0.48 0.78

0.077 0.12 0.78 0.45 0.56 0.24 0.47

0.76 0.31 1.1 0.48 0.086 0.45

0.062 0.24 0.2 0.49 0.58 0.071 0.32

0.098 0.21 0.3 0.9 0.41 0.53 0.25

0.25 0.36 0.41 1.4 0.54 0.43

0.1 0.18 0.33 0.7 0.17 0.19

0.17 0.13 0.31 0.28 0.41 0.92 0.37 0.32 0.09 0.042 0.42

0.16 0.36 0.31 0.37 1.1 0.58 0.43

0.16 0.22 0.34 0.8 0.19 0.21

0.13 0.42 0.23 0.49 1 0.74 0.68 0.47

0.22 0.34 0.47 1.1 0.43 0.094 0.4

0.22 0.3 0.43 1 0.48 0.27

0.16 0.22 0.12 0.94 0.34 0.063 0.51

0.038 0.056 0.57 0.17 0.82 0.29 0.12 0.4

0.025 0.3 0.057 0.53 0.28 0.022 0.3

0.05 0.42 0.055 0.38 0.43 0.038

0.25 0.55 0.14 0.79 1.5 0.27 0.19 0.86

0.11 0.42 0.73 0.3 0.32

0.14 0.47 0.41 0.73 0.67 0.45

0.6 0.13 0.43 1 1.2 0.58 0.68

0.8 0.48 0.63 1.1 0.98 0.14 0.96

0.38 0.095 0.27 0.5 0.51 0.83 0.64

0.22 0.13 0.16 0.78 0.89 0.49

0.81 0.1 0.41 0.3 0.16 0.45

0.31 0.54 0.63 0.82 0.25 0.28

0.082 0.5 0.4 0.43 0.45 0.42

0.7 0.32 0.51 0.44 1.1 1.6 0.97

0.52 0.49 1.4 0.73 0.22 0.96

0.59 0.41 0.32 1 1.2 1.2

0.39 0.68 0.27 0.71 1.7 0.58 0.77

0.47 0.15 0.35 0.9 0.47 1.1 0.65

0.44 0.11 0.49 0.44 0.73 1.9 0.7 0.33 0.86

0.48 0.36 0.68 1.5 0.47 0.09 0.9

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 4 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

Endrin

Endrin 

Aldehyde

Endrin 

Ketone hexachlorobenzene lindane Mirex Toxaphene Naphthalene

Benzo[g,h,i] 

perylene Biphenyl

C1- 

Naphthalenes

C2- 

Naphthalenes

C3- 

Naphthalenes

C4- 

Naphthalenes Acenaphthylene

1.7 0.07 0.93 0.33 0.15 0.4 0.8 0.53

1.4 0.071 1.2 0.27 0.19 0.72 1 0.053

0.07 0.97 0.089 0.87 0.98 0.18 0.75 1.1

0.57 0.86 0.33 0.13 0.51

0.73 1 0.21 0.13 0.59 0.76

0.061 1.1 0.054 0.98 0.44 0.22 0.67 1.2

0.082 1.2 0.11 0.94 0.29 0.21 0.74 1.2

0.058 1.2 0.1 0.88 0.19 0.2 0.57 1.2

0.11 1.4 0.092 1.1 0.17 0.32 0.82 1

1.2 2.2 0.36 0.26 1.7 0.15 0.28 0.72 1.1 1.1 0.43

0.058 1.1 0.022 0.17 0.78 0.19 0.37 0.56 0.21

0.18 1.2 0.12 1.3 0.063 0.27 0.52 0.74 0.32

0.88 2.7 0.2 1.9 0.08 0.4 0.89 2.3 2.2 0.3

1.7 2.5 0.19 0.17 1.8 0.11 0.46 0.86 1 1.2

1.6 1.2 0.033 0.13 2.9 1.3 0.36 0.92 1.5 0.31

0.63 1.5 0.035 0.2 0.95 1.3 0.21 0.55 0.83 0.096

1.9 0.13 2 0.71 0.34 0.74 1.5 1.6 0.054

1.3 2.2 0.25 1.7 0.42 0.31 0.72 1.4 1.4 0.079

0.35 0.93 0.067 0.89 0.23 0.2 0.44 0.72 0.33

0.32 1 0.026 0.14 1.3 0.15 0.27 0.45 0.62 0.56 0.049

1.8 0.19 1.7 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.065

0.6 1.2 0.14 1.9 0.1 0.31 0.61 0.77 0.68 0.089

1.4 0.14 1.6 0.22 0.26 0.66 1 0.71 0.036

0.1 1.7 0.7 0.19 5.5 0.49 0.36 2.2 1.5 0.05

0.39 0.92 0.28 0.087 0.97 0.2 0.23 0.52 0.76 0.029

0.057 0.69 0.089 0.12 2.7 0.21 2.9 0.93 1.2 0.084

0.15 0.99 0.21 0.062 2.5 0.66 3.7 1 1.3 0.9 0.25

0.26 1.4 0.12 0.09 3.4 0.22 4.1 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.092

0.11 2 0.084 3.1 0.58 0.39 1.7 3.9 6.5 2.5

0.99 1.7 0.6 2.4 0.4 0.33 1.1 2.6 3.8 2

1.3 0.19 0.36 2 0.1 1.3 0.72 1.1 0.074

1.3 0.087 0.23 2.8 0.35 4.2 0.89 1.3 0.14

0.28 0.97 0.16 0.17 2.6 0.064 3.6 1.7 4.5 4.3 2.6

0.26 0.69 0.081 4.4 1.6 2.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.64

0.18 1.6 0.088 1.6 3.4 0.53 0.75

0.94 0.19 0.12 1.8 0.3 4.7 0.78 0.99

0.42 0.032 0.051 2.2 0.25 4.4 0.68 0.91 0.12

1.2 0.14 1.8 0.14 0.27 0.62 1.5 1

0.71 0.061 0.95 0.39 0.21 0.44 0.73

0.52 0.72 0.033 0.044

3.4 0.11 0.12 1.9 0.54 1.5 0.92 1.6 1.5 0.41

0.3 0.88 0.051 0.082 2.6 0.22 2 1 1.4 1.2 0.093

3.5 0.14 0.19 2.2 0.043 1 0.73 1.2 1 0.24

4.7 0.087 0.23 1.9 0.062 1.6 0.72 1.6 1.6

2.9 0.13 0.16 1.4 0.051 0.95 0.54 1.1 0.92

0.65 0.28 2.2 0.54 0.31 0.94 1.4 0.13

1 0.1 2 0.49 0.45 0.94 1.2 0.69

1.2 2.7 1.7 0.48 1.6 1.8 0.16

0.56 0.098 0.16 2.3 0.05 0.69 0.83 0.69 0.42

0.27 1.2 0.15 0.16 3.5 0.3 1.7 1.3 2.1 2.3

1.8 0.1 1.8 0.16 0.26 0.65 2.6 1.9 0.16

0.012 1.3 2.1 0.12 0.39 0.71 1.6 0.98 0.084

1.1 0.096 1.4 0.064 0.29 0.62 1.2 0.86 0.055

0.83 0.1 3.2 0.93 0.7 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.25

0.69 0.047 2.2 0.082 0.34 0.69 1.2 0.81 0.057

1.2 0.15 3.4 0.8 0.16 1 1

1.3 0.19 3.7 1.9 0.4 1.9 1.8 0.95

0.84 0.13 2.7 0.71 0.34 1.5 1.8 0.87

0.083 1.4 0.17 2.9 0.62 0.44 2.2 2.2 1.1

1.1 0.3 3.2 0.16 0.53 2.2 2.1 1.1

0.14 0.86 0.21 3.4 3.2 0.51 2.6 2.4 1.2

0.96 0.2 3 0.15 0.5 2.1 2 0.96

0.12 1.1 0.23 4.1 0.18 0.55 2.7 2.4 1.2

3 0.14 9.1 0.2 1.2 5.2 5.1 2.2 0.21

2.1 0.07 11 5.5 1.4 7 5.8 2.4 0.13

2.6 0.16 7.5 1.3 1.2 5 3.8 2.3 0.14

1.8 0.081 7.3 0.89 1.1 3.5 4 2 0.17

1 0.15 0.091 3.7 0.22 0.89 3.3 3.6 1.8 0.084

0.016 0.43 0.092 0.077 4.4 0.11 0.99 4.5 3.6 1.5 0.074

0.091 0.84 0.25 1.6 1.2 0.34 0.76 1.4 0.96

0.96 1.6 0.26 2.4 1 0.39 1 1.7 0.88

0.053 0.76 0.14 3.6 0.29 0.42 2.2 2 1

1.3 0.19 1.1 0.29 0.32 0.64 1.5 0.92

1.1 0.26 6.2 1.3 1 12 11 3.2 1.8

0.069 0.73 0.16 1.2 0.38 0.29 0.72 1.1 0.78

1.2 0.27 1.1 0.31 0.37 0.67 1.7 1.1

0.09 1.6 0.23 1.3 0.45 0.34 0.99 2.2 1.4

0.091 1.3 0.22 1.9 0.64 0.32 0.86 1.4 0.78

0.83 0.067 5.2 0.1 1 8.2 8.5 2.8

1.1 0.086 0.069 4.6 0.098 1 6.5 7.2 2.6 0.054

0.68 0.049 0.054 3.8 0.064 0.77 5.2 5 1.7 0.028

0.88 0.64 0.085 0.11 3.6 0.11 1.2 2.4 2.9 2.6 0.071

2.7 0.24 7.5 0.077 1.2 10 10 3.2 0.049

0.9 0.58 0.18 0.072 4.4 0.93 7.5 6.6 1.8

1.1 0.1 3.9 0.66 3.6 4.5 3.2

2.6 0.13 0.12 13 12 11 4.7

2.5 0.77 0.16 17 3.1 16 12 3.2

2.3 0.12 20 2.9 16 11 3.3

1.6 17 2.4 13 9.2 2.7

0.26 1.2 0.38 4.3 0.99 4.7 5.4 2.6

0.47 0.15 0.26 4.5 1 5.4 4.9 1.9

0.62 0.3 0.14 3.3 1.2

3 0.39 7.4 1.2 4.8 4.7 2.3

2.2 0.44 0.19 11 10 6.8 2.1

2.8 0.16 0.22 17 5.4 7.8

2 1.1 0.11 15 1.8 9.6 6.7 2.7

1.7 0.63 0.13 13 8.5 6.9 2.4

1.8 0.98 0.2 12 8.6 5.7 2.3

2.9 0.45 0.2 14 10 6.2 2.1

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 5 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

Acenaphthene Anthracene Dibenzothiophene

C1- 

Dibenzothiophenes

C2- 

Dibenzothiophenes

C3- 

Dibenzothiophenes Fluorene

C1- 

Fluorenes

C2- 

Fluorenes

C3- 

Fluorenes Phenanthrene

C1-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

0.09 0.1 0.45

0.042 0.08 0.15 0.59

0.081 0.15 0.43

0.075 0.1 0.32

0.15 0.13 0.34

0.055 0.1 0.14 0.47

0.057 0.095 0.22 0.56

0.11 0.18 0.44

0.064 0.49

0.56 0.11 0.089 0.19 0.51

0.034 0.041 0.095 0.34

0.025 0.052 0.11 0.33

0.82 0.058 0.14 0.33 0.78

1.4 0.14 0.14 0.26 0.96

0.62 0.076 0.088 0.18 0.54

0.59 0.051 0.088 0.15 0.59

0.41 0.063 0.15 0.2 0.58

0.55 0.072 0.12 0.23 0.64

0.035 0.059 0.094 0.3

0.29 0.035 0.052 0.11 0.28

0.41 0.059 0.079 0.19 0.52

0.4 0.041 0.079 0.12 0.36

0.16 0.06 0.07 0.23 0.52 0.13 0.4 0.55

0.24 0.053 0.66 0.16 0.35

0.15 0.023 0.03 0.095 0.26

0.24 0.083 0.12 0.27 1 0.72

0.27 0.44 0.24 0.31 0.5 0.45 0.51 2.4 2.1

0.29 0.078 0.11 0.29 0.52 0.85

0.49 0.55 1.3

0.081 0.97 1.1 5.8 0.48 0.79

0.2 0.069 0.32 0.057 0.49

0.21 0.16 0.097 0.28 1 0.82

0.27 0.12 0.43 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.55 1 1.8 2 1.8 2.2

0.73 1.5 0.53 0.57 0.83 0.6 1.1 0.75 5.3 3.4

0.12 0.03 0.069 0.15 0.5

0.19 0.045 0.062 0.17 0.44 0.65

0.25 0.13 0.12 0.24 0.34 0.22 0.99 0.84

0.24 0.32 0.77

0.55 0.079 0.16 0.46

1.1 0.53 0.25 0.52 0.65 0.58 0.47 0.63 2.3 2.4

0.2 0.15 0.13 0.17 0.34 0.36 0.3 0.45 1.5 0.97

0.47 0.14 0.085 0.2 0.84

0.82 0.061 0.12 0.28 1

0.56 0.05 0.093 0.21 0.58

0.14 0.29 0.92

0.11 0.15 0.28 0.76

0.22 0.42 1.3

0.15 0.11 0.058 0.19 0.93 0.58

0.37 0.47 0.56 2.4 4.8 3.1 0.59 1.1 2.8 3 2.9 5.1

1 0.045 0.13 0.27 0.79 1.2 0.88

0.52 0.074 0.098 0.21 0.69 0.66

0.54 0.092 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.62

0.36 0.66 0.31 0.5 1.1 0.71 0.86 1 1.4 2.5 3.1 2

0.18 0.042 0.079 0.17 0.6 0.38

0.12 0.17 0.59

0.2 0.18 0.31 0.58

0.64 0.15 0.23

0.19 0.27 0.8

0.064 0.16 0.38 0.85

0.21 0.34 0.81

0.049 0.13 0.31 0.74

0.19 0.43 0.89

0.38 0.13 0.3 0.65 1.5

0.38 0.11 0.32 0.33 0.48 0.72 1.8 1

0.22 0.33 0.27 0.29 0.69 0.7 1.3 1.5 4.6 1.5

0.38 0.21 0.19 0.61 1.4 0.85

0.24 0.11 0.23 0.21 0.4 1.2 0.76

0.24 0.05 0.2 0.14 0.5 0.85 0.38

0.16 0.16 0.59

0.14 0.26 0.66

0.16 0.23 0.62

0.056 0.12 0.25 0.7

0.049 0.13 0.61 0.75

0.13 0.22 0.57

0.046 0.12 0.34 0.6

0.19 0.28 0.82

0.17 0.17 0.51

0.18 0.12 0.13 0.39 0.71

0.14 0.059 0.084 0.44 0.71

0.25 0.034 0.071 0.32 0.49

0.47 0.082 0.067 0.22 0.63

0.34 0.046 0.12 0.52 0.74

0.18

0.096 0.39

0.7 1.3 1.6

0.31 0.25 0.68 1 1.6 0.94

0.31 1 0.82 7.2 0.72

0.23 0.31 0.83 0.46 0.87 1.1

0.18

0.2 0.28 0.48 0.55

38 11 0.42 0.7

0.18 0.43 0.97 2.2 1.6

0.87 1.3

0.74 1.7 7.8 4.9

0.27 0.26 0.74

0.82 1.2 0.86 2.4

0.68 0.47 0.73 1.5

0.47 1.6

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 6 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

C2-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

C3-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

C4-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

Benzo[a] 

anthracene Chrysene

C1- 

Chrysenes

C2- 

Chrysenes

C3- 

Chrysenes

C4- 

Chrysenes Fluoranthene Pyrene

C1-Fluoranthenes/ 

pyrenes

C2-Fluoranthenes/ 

pyrenes

0.11 0.063

0.23 0.15

0.17 0.12

0.11 0.11

0.079 0.058

0.21 0.16

0.17 0.16

0.15 0.11

0.2

0.23 0.19

0.1 0.079

0.1 0.078

0.17 0.18

0.42 0.29

0.27 0.32

0.17 0.16

0.14 0.092

0.23 0.21

0.085 0.078

0.078 0.065

0.15 0.11

0.14 0.12

0.76 0.12 0.23 0.22 0.16 0.22 0.38

0.15 0.22 0.14 0.12

0.1 0.11

0.88 0.18 0.5 0.18 0.64 0.46 0.38

1.2 1.2 1.4 0.63 1.9 1.4 1.3 0.75

0.14 0.5 0.41 0.28 0.35

0.16

0.28 0.2

0.087 0.16 0.24 0.16

0.84 0.67 1.1 0.39 1 0.84 0.78 0.72

2.3 1.1 0.32 0.39 0.42 0.36 0.44 0.39

2.4 1.2 4 4.1 2.1 6 5.4 4.2 2.3

0.33 0.35 0.19 0.14

0.075 0.47 0.26 0.18

1.1 0.2 0.65 0.27 0.43 0.38 0.52 0.41

0.18 0.16

0.18 0.12

1.7 1.4 1.6 0.73 2.3 2 1.7 0.84

0.95 0.23 0.45 0.22 0.77 0.57 0.68 0.37

0.34 0.18

0.41 0.25

0.2 0.14

0.25

0.29 0.21

0.72 0.53

0.62 0.081 0.15 0.34 0.32 0.35

9.2 5.4 3.6 1.4 2.4 3.9 3.4 1.7 1.4 2.5 4.6 4.4

0.19 0.14

0.2 0.16

0.12 0.089

2 1.3 1.2 0.52 2.8 2.3 1.8 0.9

0.39 0.17 0.14

0.2 0.12

0.15 0.089

0.13 0.089

0.14 0.11

0.23 0.13

0.14 0.11

0.2 0.12

0.28 0.16

0.61 0.32

1.2 0.51 0.37 0.44

0.51 0.36

0.23 0.37 0.51 0.4 0.48

1.4 0.22 0.38 0.28

0.5 0.2 0.14

0.14 0.11

0.2 0.19

0.14 0.11

0.2 0.16

0.22 0.14

0.15 0.089

0.22 0.11

0.37 0.24

0.12 0.089

0.2 0.26 0.26

0.21 0.17

0.13 0.093

0.27 0.13

0.22 0.16

0.4

0.49 0.73

1.3 0.18 0.61

0.92 0.18 0.41

1.9 0.51 0.79 0.85

0.14

0.17

0.64 0.15 0.37

2.5 0.51

1.4 0.22 0.64 0.75

4.6 2.6 1.2 2.5 4.8 3

2.4 0.29 0.75 1.1

1.2 0.99 0.47 1 0.37 0.91

1.2 0.21 0.38 0.26 0.55

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 7 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

C3-Fluoranthenes/ 

pyrenes

Benzo[a] 

pyrene

Benzo[e] 

pyrene

Benzo[b] 

fluoranthene

Benzo[k] 

fluoranthene

Dibenzo[a,h] 

anthracene Perylene

Indeno[1,2,3,-c,d] 

pyrene

Percent 

Lipids

Percent 

Solids

Total PCB 

congeners

Total 

PCBs

Total 

Pesticides

Total 

DDTs

Total 

HCHs

Total 

Chlordanes

3.1 24.8 3.274 1.637 4.387 0.437 0.29 1.44

0.772 20.8 2.426 1.213 4.184 0.396 0.22 1.76

0.727 21.4 3.058 1.529 4.143 0.566 0.2 1.93

1.98 22.7 3.748 1.874 4.139 1.288 0.16 1.962

3.06 24.3 2.652 1.326 3.109 0.542 0.18 1.434

0.745 21.8 2.662 1.331 4.159 0.603 0.24 1.775

1.6 23.6 4.676 2.338 4.63 0.671 0.41 1.708

0.691 21.1 2.392 1.196 4.017 0.311 0.3 1.698

1.17 20.6 2.978 1.489 4.098 0.427 0.31 1.357

3.77 28.1 61.676 30.838 9.83 1.25 0.79 3.39

2.31 24.2 28.79 14.395 5.569 1.48 0.163 2.576

1.79 22.2 11.6442 5.8221 4.319 1 0.255 1.434

5.17 27.9 30.118 15.059 7.59 0.41 0.49 2.31

0.14 0.12 0.09 5.67 25.2 34.8812 17.4406 9.908 1.45 0.548 3.03

4.24 26.4 215.8 107.9 7.451 1 0.393 3.095

0.061 2.58 25.9 15.504 7.752 5.813 0.55 0.327 2.2

3.78 20.3 10.5268 5.2634 6.83 0.6 0.44 3.29

4.23 21.8 97.134 48.567 12.13 3.2 0.5 4.09

0.14 0.12 0.13 0.089 2.43 24.8 14.0276 7.0138 3.647 0.52 0.28 1.3

0.1 0.1 0.052 0.089 2.28 23 17.054 8.527 3.882 0.63 0.194 1.412

3.75 25.6 18.62 9.31 6.85 0.7 0.86 2.95

0.1 0.072 0.077 2.49 23.4 26.312 13.156 5.415 1.095 0.3 1.82

0.22 0.12 0.087 0.088 0.12 2.59 20.6 6.183 3.0915 6.167 1.14 0.506 2.501

0.29 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.21 2.99 19.6 8.356 4.178 11.51 1.41 2.68 3.97

0.063 0.12 0.19 0.15 0.075 0.14 0.12 2.33 24.1 11.024 5.512 6.498 0.714 0.58 2.757

0.15 0.2 0.31 0.12 0.072 0.37 0.14 2.18 22.5 13.496 6.748 3.9 0.662 0.37 1.702

0.93 0.89 1 0.86 0.14 0.31 0.65 3.09 18.3 16.4676 8.2338 6.624 0.89 1.5 2.282

0.17 0.099 0.098 4 22.1 21.6 10.8 8.006 1.11 0.67 3.196

4.95 32.1 7.852 3.926 8.307 0.7 1.7 3.01

0.11 0.059 4.04 30.4 12.48 6.24 12.04 2.54 0.8 4.45

0.069 0.024 4.19 20.3 12.342 6.171 6.125 0.68 0.67 2.535

0.64 0.55 0.69 0.51 0.098 0.31 0.36 4.58 24.3 18.588 9.294 6.444 0.656 1.06 2.561

0.063 0.03 0.18 2.96 18.1 18.258 9.129 6.739 1.07 0.817 2.892

0.72 4.2 2.9 3.7 3.1 0.48 1 2 2.02 20.3 12.286 6.143 3.341 0.552 0.34 1.248

3.36 21.6 19.318 9.659 8.507 1.41 0.55 3.809

0.06 0.032 2.93 21.4 25.456 12.728 5.175 0.629 0.65 2.306

0.12 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.21 0.07 3.96 23.4 12.336 6.168 1.632 0.405 0.17 0.401

4.48 26.7 4.282 2.141 5.68 0.99 1.046 1.88

0.839 21.04 2.104 1.052 3.101 0.462 0.26 1.39

2.5 25 3.798 1.899 2.6 0.303 0.25 0.621

0.96 0.9 1.2 1 0.15 0.53 0.56 6.92 27 6.762 3.381 7.73 0.666 0.9 1.994

0.18 0.25 0.32 0.26 0.055 0.3 0.17 2.06 20.7 11.11 5.555 5.79 1.17 0.31 2.526

0.3 0.22 0.055 0.052 0.061 6.98 26.4 10.51 5.255 9.053 0.903 0.82 2.94

0.29 0.43 0.093 0.048 7.56 29.9 29.708 14.854 10.757 1.23 1.1 2.74

0.14 6.08 26.5 10.298 5.149 6.43 0.52 0.99 1.36

1.15 24.8 1.232 0.616 2.3 0.1 0.56 0.54

0.632 22.5 1.272 0.636 3.666 0.275 0.39 1.66

1.07 22.8 1.92 0.96 4.59 0.37 0.6 2.19

0.084 0.054 0.14 2.22 22.4 6.814 3.407 4.518 0.455 1.1 1.775

2.7 0.84 0.71 0.59 0.31 0.17 0.41 0.21 1.7 20.4 15.11 7.555 5.378 0.713 0.41 2.165

4.55 27.4 1.244 0.622 4.241 0.221 0.79 0.95

0.94 0.061 4.48 24 0.692 0.346 2.724 0.02 0.5 0.762

0.63 3.4 25.2 0.798 0.399 2.633 0 0.48 0.807

0.88 0.68 1.4 0.73 0.3 0.41 0.79 1.9 21.5 8.7548 4.3774 3.596 0.46 0.44 1.356

0.081 2.39 19.9 1.974 0.987 2.858 0.194 0.2 1.331

2.71 24.8 1.816 0.908 3.859 0.529 0.62 1.09

4.15 25.1 1.596 0.798 4.413 0.21 1.27 1.1

2.9 24.4 2.438 1.219 3.682 0.482 0.94 1.12

3.88 26.2 2.44 1.22 4.566 0.56 0.95 1.13

1.89 22.5 6.054 3.027 4.907 0.727 0.92 1.54

3.34 23.4 4.76 2.38 4.735 0.725 1.49 1.11

1.87 23.3 3.824 1.912 4.377 0.712 0.74 1.41

1.88 25 3.22 1.61 4.485 0.059 1.56 0.953

5.2 21.3 5.878 2.939 8.68 0.68 1.5 2.06

3.79 22 2.808 1.404 6 0.38 1.1 1.8

0.045 0.11 0.2 0.37 3.23 19.3 4.88 2.44 7.81 0.2 0.86 2.73

0.21 0.14 0.12 0.14 2.65 21.8 4.012 2.006 5.048 0.15 0.56 1.747

0.1 0.06 0.35 2.7 21.1 5.718 2.859 6.687 1.91 0.566 2.52

0.071 2.17 20.8 4.1554 2.0777 3.164 0.32 0.651 1.258

3.42 25.5 4.3 2.15 4.779 0.58 1.31 0.928

4.53 27.7 4.188 2.094 6.87 0.12 1.94 1.56

3.44 23.3 4.43 2.215 3.7 0.747 0.87 0.94

0.1 0.038 2.09 26 4.672 2.336 6.318 0.816 1.61 1.85

3.72 26.6 4.5 2.25 6.009 0.759 1.68 1.78

3.17 24.8 3.274 1.637 4.034 0.715 0.99 1.16

3.49 26.4 6.004 3.002 7.427 1.187 2.42 1.88

3.78 26.8 5.14 2.57 5.894 0.34 1.53 1.61

3.94 27 5.112 2.556 5.395 0.404 1.48 1.63

2.74 20.7 23.176 11.588 3.75 0 0.403 1.94

2.76 20 10.2266 5.1133 4.851 0.612 0.29 2.174

2.41 21.2 2.604 1.302 2.687 0 0.302 1.302

0.097 0.049 0.28 0.062 2.34 21.1 925.936 462.968 3.308 0.22 0.468 0.905

0.079 0.067 0.041 4 20.7 15.0542 7.5271 8.37 0.18 1.77 2.43

3.42 20.6 58.08 29.04 4.929 0.837 0.3 1.74

3.74 21.9 13.882 6.941 5.362 0.712 0.67 2.33

3.1 0.54 3.13 18.5 49.76 24.88 10.27 1.54 0.58 4.62

5.15 19.2 12.148 6.074 11.94 2.29 1.12 4.14

3.8 20.8 43.962 21.981 8.705 2.19 0.83 2.625

4.24 19.7 11.736 5.868 5.233 0.483 0.89 1.77

2.78 19.4 15.494 7.747 5.89 1.82 0.16 1.62

0.25 2.78 19.8 21.196 10.598 6.35 2.05 0.25 2.89

0.18 2.97 21.4 45.756 22.878 3.752 0 0.45 1.822

0.36 5.72 17.5 14.706 7.353 11.45 1.75 1.6 3.74

2.99 18.8 27.544 13.772 10.22 1.39 0.95 4.09

1.7 5.89 21.8 92.14 46.07 10.87 1.23 1.2 4.06

5.09 23.4 15.538 7.769 9.91 0.76 2.28 2.89

3.74 18.7 27.834 13.917 8.42 1.36 1.1 2.85

0.44 4.83 23.8 14.086 7.043 10.68 0.83 2.93 3.08

4.71 18.9 26.484 13.242 9.7 0.79 2.06 2.4

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 8 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC

3 SIS AC

4 SIS AC

5 SIS AC

6 SIS AC

7 SIS AC

8 SIS AC

9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81 L AC

82 L AC

83 L AC

84 L AC

85 L AC

86 L AC

87 L AC

88 L AC

89 L ACD

90 L ACD

91 L ACD

92 L ACD

95 L FHS

96 L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115 L ACD

116 L ACD

117 L ACD

118 L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126 N ACD

127 N ACD

128 N ACD

129 N ACD

130 N ACD

131 N ACD

132 N ACD

Total 

Endosulphans

Total 

Endrin

Total Low 

PAHs

Total High 

PAHs

Total 

PAHs

PHN Equivalents 

(ng/g)

BaP Equivalents 

(ng/g)

Liver 

Hep

Gut muc 

ept

Kidney 

tubules

% 

water

As 

(μg/g)

Ba 

(μg/g)

Cd 

(μg/g)

Cr 

(μg/g)

Cu 

(μg/g)

Fe 

(μg/g)

Hg 

(μg/g)

Ni 

(μg/g)

Pb 

(μg/g)

Se 

(μg/g)

0.16 0 2.52 0.173 2.693 10000 370 0 76 3.29 2.96 0.025 0.25 22 191 0.086 1.04 0.097 1.68

0.097 0 2.825 0.38 3.205 6600 290 0 0 76 4.1 2.63 0.036 0.29 39.1 70.5 0.075 0.48 0.075 1.63

0.098 0.07 2.691 0.29 2.981 0.75 77 3.61 3.13 0.025 0.38 106 0.096 1.72 2.1

0.06 0 1.135 0.22 1.355 5000 300 3 2 78 4.05 1.76 0.041 0.31 20.7 63.8 0.089 0.96 0.568 1.79

0.073 0 2.1 0.137 2.237 7400 430 1.5 3 77 3.52 2.15 0.021 0.74 36.9 97.4 0.083 2.3 0.76 1.98

0.096 0.061 2.855 0.37 3.225 7000 320 0 0 76 3.24 2.71 0.023 0.94 13.3 62.7 0.094 1.8 0.072 1.22

0.119 0.082 3.082 0.33 3.412 7900 290 1.5 0 76 2.99 1.75 0.021 0.5 23.9 74.1 0.083 1.53 0.734 1.56

0.1 0.058 2.7 0.26 2.96 9200 380 1.5 1 76 2.91 2.78 0.053 0.56 48.8 0.07 3.48 2.17

0.042 0.11 2.694 0.2 2.894 0 0.75 76 4.04 2.54 0.034 0.75 43.5 74.2 0.073 1.89 1.48 1.67

0 1.2 5.089 0.42 5.509 2700 140 3 2 72 2.09 4.26 0.048 0.73 12.3 96.7 0.17 0.51 0.31 2.01

0 0.058 1.84 0.179 2.019 1900 110 0 0 78 1.92 4.35 0.041 0.38 178 84.9 0.234 2.82 0.345 1.93

0 0.18 2.367 0.178 2.545 44000 560 0 75 1.34 5.04 0.039 0.53 4.7 94.9 0.294 0.63 0.185 1.59

0.16 0.88 8.218 0.35 8.568 5200 120 0 0 71 2.33 3.15 0.021 0.031 19.6 103 0.113 0.5 0.118 1.86

0 1.7 6.42 1.06 7.48 1100 67 0 73 2.22 3.96 0.044 0.4 26.9 130 0.175 1.77 0.874 1.67

0 1.6 4.594 0.59 5.184 5300 220 0 73 2.15 3.14 0.042 0.26 60.1 67.9 0.102 2.74 1.92 1.93

0.031 0.63 3.155 0.391 3.546 5700 130 0 76 2.32 10.6 0.065 2.37 10.3 0.294 3.9 0.279 2.37

0.18 0 5.637 0.232 5.869 2700 130 0 73 2.2 4.38 0.021 91.3 0.108 11 2.26

0 1.3 5.521 0.44 5.961 1300 75 1.5 75 2.43 8.4 0.048 0.57 5.8 253 0.223 0.08 0.219 2.07

0 0.35 2.178 0.642 2.82 2700 170 0 74 2.77 8.36 0.043 0.88 26.9 518 0.169 2.13 0.989 1.91

0 0.32 2.716 0.484 3.2 7100 220 0 75 2.75 4.66 0.026 0.053 13.9 137 0.267 0.88 0.092 2.48

0 0 4.823 0.26 5.083 3000 150 0 0 0 73 2.36 5.27 0.016 0.4 5.9 160 0.221 0.63 0.102 1.86

0 0.6 3.459 0.509 3.968 2300 140 75 3.71 8.5 0.037 0.67 31.2 266 0.207 4.42 0.86 2.06

0 0 5.546 1.965 7.511 550 65 0 73 4.53 8.16 0.086 0.37 8.5 189 0.068 0.6 0.073 2.42

0 0.1 5.573 1.51 7.083 1400 73 5 74 5.55 7 0.256 0.49 9.6 194 0.277 0.48 0.057 1.93

0.38 0.39 2.097 1.068 3.165 1.5 73 4.3 8.74 0.206 0.69 12.9 394 0.31 0.84 0.175 2.06

0 0.057 8.427 3.702 12.129 450 49 1.5 76 5.12 9.1 0.158 1.01 17.6 423 0.258 0.89 0.154 2.83

0 0.15 15.57 13.36 28.93 1.5 77 5.41 12.3 0.168 0.55 8.6 190 0.181 0.93 0.074 2.1

0.57 0.26 11.13 2.047 13.177 9 75 4.2 8.37 0.052 0.55 6.9 171 0.13 2.13 0.067 3.1

0.153 0.11 17.33 0.16 17.49 3200 180 1.5 0.5 65 4.12 2.12 0.024 0.33 36.8 158 0.1 0.41 0.928 1.36

0.38 0.99 19.051 0.649 19.7 5000 310 0 2 69 4.54 1.31 0.015 0.34 4.2 50.3 0.101 0.61 0.041 1.65

0 0 4.33 0.74 5.07 850 47 2 6 78 7.99 8.54 0.312 0.56 33.3 222 0.497 1.44 0.267 3.67

0.21 0 9.937 8.658 18.595 1000 33 3 6 75 6.37 8.72 0.263 0.63 20.2 239 0.225 1.57 0.366 1.14

0 0.28 33.87 2.593 36.463 840 54 6 76 5.1 9.57 0.166 0.77 30 288 0.202 2.36 0.695 2.25

0 0.26 27.25 46.2 73.45 640 33 1.5 4 75 8.46 7.65 0.192 0.56 12.6 221 0.254 0.53 0.225 1.69

0.22 0.18 5.549 1.01 6.559 24000 830 1.5 3 74 4.34 5.1 0.085 0.59 4.8 93.7 0.096 0.33 0.144 2.13

0 0 8.027 1.077 9.104 1200 41 6 4 79 4.01 10.3 0.323 0.52 23.5 241 0.163 1.2 0.932 3.31

0.053 0 10.34 3.68 14.02 2200 40 1.5 77 0.91 3.77 0.06 1.36 1.08 268 0.088 2.36 0.449 2.2

0.094 0 4.72 0.34 5.06 2200 190 0.75 0 72 4.16 1.48 0.029 0.36 5 218 0.104 0.52 0.046 1.75

0.038 0 2.629 0.3 2.929 7900 320 1.5 76 3.21 3.06 0.026 0.19 37 54.4 0.08 1.06 0.084 2.35

0.046 0.52 0 0 0 2300 38 0 65 0.54 2.51 0.023 0.24 3.2 118 0.057 0.49 0.059 1.55

0.15 0 17.06 15.87 32.93 8400 120 4 0 73 1.69 7.47 0.023 1.45 8.5 514 0.097 1.15 0.411 1.96

0.061 0.3 11.213 4.825 16.038 18 6 2 4.5 0 79 4.56 15.1 0.085 0.95 6.4 351 0.054 0.77 0.205 2.2

0 0 5.905 1.208 7.113 4700 42 0 0 71 2.01 8.05 0.024 0.85 4.1 305 0.1 1.48 0.131 1.76

0 0 7.801 1.521 9.322 8800 120 0 0 71 2.88 1.72 0.012 0.24 3.1 58.8 0.093 0.44 0.038 1.59

0 0 5.003 0.48 5.483 4100 79 0 0 72 1.58 4.66 0.019 0.6 3.8 142 0.084 1.37 0.076 2.43

0 0 4.13 0.25 4.38 1.5 0 76 2.39 2.05 0.043 0.25 6.2 103 0.098 0.29 0.067 2.17

0.101 0 4.58 0.5 5.08 1.5 75 2.82 2.4 0.05 0.36 14 0.044 0.41 0.151 2.64 1.15

0 0 5.98 1.25 7.23 0 77 2.77 2.37 0.074 0.23 14.7 33.4 0.076 0.36 0.016 2.62

0.11 0 5.268 1.519 6.787 96 25 1.5 1.25 1.5 80 6.52 16.3 0.93 43.3 471 0.505 1.34 2.81

0 0.27 52.79 31.64 84.43 9 10 79 3.36 11.8 0.027 1.35 8.2 482 0.121 1.44 0.229 2.65

0.15 0 9.885 0.33 10.215 4700 83 0 0 71 0.6 2.37 0.019 0.38 3.6 141 0.07 0.55 0.067 1.91

0 0.012 6.016 1.361 7.377 0.75 0 63 0.23 2.41 0.034 0.17 2 77.1 0.067 0.13 0.028 2.51

0 0 4.697 0.839 5.536 10000 140 4 0 53 0.6 3.62 0.043 0.48 5.6 238 0.056 0.97 0.11 2.19

0.15 0 21.95 16.01 37.96 40 6 5 8 0.5 70 2.31 11.5 0.038 1.55 27.9 275 0.105 1.01 0.247 2.45

0.166 0 4.938 0.391 5.329 39 6 6 6 0 77 3.21 8.76 0.064 0.66 6.1 165 0.065 0.54 0.091 3.06

0 0 3.04 0.32 3.36 0.75 75 3.88 1.79 0.035 0.26 8 28.7 0.055 0.3 0.165 1.61

0.053 0 6.32 0.239 6.559 0.75 0 72 3.48 2.17 0.057 0.23 9.8 37.4 0.049 1.35 0.099 1.46

0 0 5.53 0.219 5.749 1.5 0 75 3.88 1.41 0.031 0.56 12.3 44.9 0.06 3.02 0.363 2.1

0.053 0.083 7.2 0.25 7.45 3 0 74 3.57 2.25 0.033 0.36 9.9 87.3 0.059 0.9 0.13 1.83

0 0 7.384 0.36 7.744 3 0 73 3.42 2.81 0.017 0.25 42.1 58.4 0.058 0.53 0.073 1.66

0 0.14 8.07 0.25 8.32 1.5 0 75 3.64 1.58 0.027 0.4 51 0.067 0.94 1.59 2.07

0.042 0 6.789 0.32 7.109 1.5 0 75 3.46 1.77 0.025 0.26 26.4 61.1 0.07 0.84 0.94 1.99

0.093 0.12 8.36 0.44 8.8 1.5 0 73 3.16 1.09 0.031 0.6 67.8 59.1 0.059 1.55 2.04 1.74

0 0 16.87 0.93 17.8 0 0 76 13.7 1.88 0.107 0.25 7.5 69 0.028 0.95 0.09 3.87

0 0 23.07 1.32 24.39 0 0 0 79 13.5 2.1 0.301 0.21 6.1 78.5 0.018 0.69 0.097 4.33

0.48 0 23.84 1.595 25.435 0 0 0 77 13.7 4.2 0.169 0.38 6.7 75.6 0.039 0.45 0.103 2.98

0.24 0 14.41 2.6 17.01 0 0 79 9.07 2.16 0.088 0.46 4.1 61.6 0.021 0.6 0.106 2.98

0 0 14.224 1.39 15.614 590 25 0 3 3 68 4.94 9.27 0.119 1.25 12.5 501 0.108 0.72 0.225 2.35

0 0.016 13.524 0.411 13.935 1700 20 1.5 1 63 3.99 14 0.13 1.98 25.3 825 0.068 1.33 0.304 2.58

0.53 0.091 4.37 0.25 4.62 0 0 73 3.01 2.46 0.046 0.34 156 0.056 1.54 2.19

0 0.96 5.03 0.39 5.42 0 0 71 3.39 2.64 0.029 0.25 11.8 117 0.048 2.03 0.376 1.56

0 0.053 6.63 0.25 6.88 0 0 76 2.33 2.21 0.019 0.31 14.5 71.2 0.063 0.71 0.135 1.54

0.132 0 4.506 0.498 5.004 1.5 0 0 73 4.13 1.69 0.017 0.21 5.6 122 0.067 0.22 0.076 1.34

0 0 30.539 0.36 30.899 9700 9700 71 3.83 1.45 0.021 0.1 5.9 52 0.053 0.11 0.067 1.48

0 0.069 3.81 0.239 4.049 0.75 0 0 76 3.57 1.51 0.034 0.26 24.5 60 0.057 2.37 0.713 1.88

0 0 4.946 0.33 5.276 1.5 0 73 4.25 2.1 0.011 0.2 70.1 0.071 0.34 0.155 1.6

0.094 0.09 6.22 0.61 6.83 0.75 0 71 3.54 2.97 0.017 0.23 81 100 0.041 1.91 0.087 1.22

0 0.091 4.21 0.209 4.419 0 72 3.2 2.16 0.019 0.19 5.1 94.5 0.054 1.07 0.096 1.19

0 0 22.03 0.72 22.75 850 27 0 7.5 4 78 2.03 9.19 0.191 0.88 15.3 341 0.121 0.61 0.266 2.4

0.12 0 18.787 0.38 19.167 2000 55 0 4 0 70 3.15 4.71 0.074 0.63 173 0.146 1.41 1.12 2.12

0 0 13.863 0.223 14.086 1800 99 0 7.5 1.5 73 3.62 11.8 0.259 1.45 17.3 626 0.137 0.67 0.294 2.25

0 0.88 10.64 0.888 11.528 0 4 5 78 2.65 13.2 0.108 1.9 16.1 921 0.09 0.95 0.525 2.56

0.19 0 26.215 0.567 26.782 740 27 0 3 1 74 3.09 4.29 0.088 0.42 9.4 173 0.137 0.34 0.124 2.6

0 0.9 17.01 0 17.01 2200 88 0 1 3 78 2.81 4.83 0.227 0.23 4.8 72 0.102 0.25 0.146 2.78

0 0 12.846 0 12.846 2100 41 0 5 1.5 77 3.28 4.25 0.082 0.78 140 0.138 2.13 0.683 3.21

0 0 31.3 4.86 36.16 1.5 1 78 19.4 2.29 0.098 0.53 9.7 66.9 0.045 0.6 0.143 2.9

0 0 40.38 0.79 41.17 12000 180 1.5 1 80 16.8 1.91 0.18 0.38 5.2 58.7 0.043 0.69 0.118 3.22

0 0 44.17 0.59 44.76 1.5 0 77 11.2 1.6 0.043 0.35 3.6 37.1 0.052 0.25 0.053 3.57

0 0 33 2.15 35.15 0 1.5 77 7.7 5.13 0.156 0.4 6.5 130 0.054 0.44 0.087 3.63

0 0.26 13.87 0.14 14.01 9 4.5 3 77 3.08 4.7 0.045 0.59 28.7 110 0.142 0.92 1.33 2.39

0 0 14.71 0.42 15.13 6900 93 5 1.5 76 4.1 7.25 0.068 0.7 13.1 214 0.138 0.63 0.25 2.73

0 0 55.26 0.7 55.96 2300 76 0 6 2 75 2.75 5.89 0.088 0.47 7.8 163 0.18 0.35 0.256 2.61

0 0 20.88 0.87 21.75 1.5 0 1.5 79 14.1 3.39 0.296 0.47 5.4 148 0.062 0.83 0.183 2.85

0 0 22.47 1.61 24.08 5200 52 1.5 5 71 12 5.57 0.259 0.43 12.4 156 0.082 0.7 0.126 2.18

0 0 35.54 13.2 48.74 3 0 3 77 10.1 3.93 0.155 0.61 6.1 261 0.056 0.7 0.178 2.47

0 0 22.07 0 22.07 1.5 3 75 12.5 2.71 0.237 0.31 6 100 0.074 0.64 0.107 1.67

0 0 25.48 2.14 27.62 1900 19 1.5 2.5 78 12.9 3.79 0.234 0.42 5.1 125 0.035 0.55 0.131 1.75

0 0 22.17 3.19 25.36 1.5 3 77 12.8 2.55 0.196 0.3 4.5 97.6 0.057 0.47 0.106 1.21

0 0 21.57 1.4 22.97 77 6.82 4.33 0.212 0.7 61 176 0.038 2.63 0.299 1.75

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 9 of 10
Fish #

Site 

Code SPECIES

2 SIS AC 3 SIS AC 4 SIS AC 5 SIS AC 6 SIS AC 7 SIS AC 8 SIS AC 9 SIS AC

10 SIS AC

12 SIS HW

13 SIS HW

14 SIS HW

15 SIS HW

16 SIS HW

17 SIS HW

18 SIS HW

19 SIS HW

20 SIS HW

21 SIS HW

22 SIS HW

23 SIS HW

24 SIS HW

26 SIS FHS

27 SIS FHS

28 SIS FHS

31 SIS FHS

32 SIS FHS

33 SIS FHS

36 SIS AC

37 SIS AC

45 SIS FHS

46 SIS FHS

47 SIS FHS

48 SIS FHS

49 SIS FHS

50 SIS FHS

52 PBS BW

53 PBS AC

54 PBS AC

55 PBS BW

56 PBS BW

61 PBS FHS

64 PBS HW

65 PBS HW

66 PBS HW

67 PBS AC

68 PBS AC

69 PBS AC

70 PBS FHS

71 PBS FHS

75 PBS BW

76 PBS BW

77 PBS BW

79 PBS FHS

80 PBS FHS

81L AC

82L AC

83L AC

84L AC

85L AC

86L AC

87L AC

88L AC

89L ACD

90L ACD

91L ACD

92L ACD

95L FHS

96L FHS

97 BPS AC

98 BPS AC

99 BPS AC

100 BPS AC

101 BPS AC

102 BPS AC

103 BPS AC

104 BPS AC

105 BPS AC

108 BPS FHS

109 BPS FHS

110 BPS FHS

111 BPS FHS

112 BPS FHS

113 BPS FHS

114 BPS FHS

115L ACD

116L ACD

117L ACD

118L ACD

121 BPS FHS

122 BPS FHS

123 BPS FHS

126N ACD

127N ACD

128N ACD

129N ACD

130N ACD

131N ACD

132N ACD

V 

(μg/g)

Zn 

(μg/g)

0.64 109

1.36 98.3

0.99

1.64 102

1.29 103

1.77 105

1.21 95.3

1.61

1.26 116

1.35 66.3

2.08 70.8

1.55 93.2

1.42 58.7

1.84 76

1.09 73

5.07 97.9

1.6

2.18 80.7

2.28 78.8

1.79 72.5

1.89 54.5

3.12 118

2.76 118

2.55 77.2

1.57 131

2.99 101

2.15 107

1.41 124

0.93 110

0.65 79

2.27 107

3.62 96.6

3.11 93.1

3.97 110

2.56 94

2.89 117

1.98 83.5

0.68 91.1

1.43 120

2.12 96.3

2.29 111

2.93 105

2.14 63.8

0.94 36.2

1.33 51.2

1.38 138

130 69

0.92 109

2.75 120

3.01 100

1.4 53.7

1.75 60.1

1.59 66.5

2.73 106

2.27 99

1.16 87.4

1.69 91.9

1.03 81.9

1.52 98.6

1.76 86.2

1.06 116

1.21 85.4

0.67 107

1.3 79.1

1.34 94.4

1.67 88.5

2.2 75.1

2.42 115

4.16 98.5

0.78

0.86 71.8

1.19 74.6

0.58 76.7

1.17 88.3

0.85 84.5

0.82 85.5

1.29 72.9

1.18 77.5

2.97 85.1

2.67 104

3.2 117

3.03 109

1.66 78.7

2.32 116

2.27 91.9

0.95 121

0.84 87.3

0.67 76.1

1.29 110

2.09 103

2.38 78.1

2.31 84.1

0.99 96.8

1.06 125

0.86 78.7

0.73 79.5

0.8 82.1

0.73 85.5

1.62 107

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. 10 of 10
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix D

APPENDIX D: MEANS, STANDARD DEVIATIONS AND TOTALS

(Located on the enclosed CD)
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix D-1

This appendix, located on the enclosed CD, contains the means totals and standard

deviations of all organic, metals and biomarker analyses. The organics data is

expressed as lipid normalized wet weight and the metals data is expressed as dryweight. All data is expressed as parts per billion (μg/kg).
SITE_NAME SPECIES WEIGHT LENGTH 8 - 2,4'- Dichlorobiphenyl 

(Cl2)

18 - 2,2',5-

Trichlorobiphenyl (Cl3)

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco 197.2222222 284.3333333 18.11505708 6.979090031

Liberty Arctic Cisco 193.75 279.375 21.82758816 11.87339966

Point Brower Arctic Cisco 158 227.2 0 0.758928572

Stump Island Arctic Cisco 159.0909091 304.4545455 1.875 4.748998674

Liberty Arctic Cod 21.75 142.125 34.92624489 5.21938155

North Star Arctic Cod 27 155 31.94590649 0

Point Brower Broad Whitefish 261.6666667 283 5.983779997 4.089138008

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin 73.8 177 13.34135455 26.53938487

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin 41.5 165 13.3486943 0

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin 54.4 162.4 16.63888612 18.3241001

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin 126.4166667 205.4166667 21.1508053 25.73367027

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish 403.3333333 377.6666667 12.74819123 6.555620687

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish 603.8461538 427.1538462 15.91386822 5.318028598

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco 15.02313031 48.27007354 7.935133975 2.683040031

Liberty Arctic Cisco 17.67766953 20.06373772 27.01864468 12.46548912

Point Brower Arctic Cisco 248.1259761 105.4262776 0 1.697015877

Stump Island Arctic Cisco 115.7976291 51.34854163 6.218671482 4.552563535

Liberty Arctic Cod 3.370036032 10.30169889 16.2424659 7.367511267

North Star Arctic Cod 11.66190379 21.26969675 23.01699522 0

Point Brower Broad Whitefish 214.2920126 108.2552539 10.78614075 5.820932465

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin 40.45793426 16.69996673 10.34848687 55.80819835

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin 12.02081528 21.21320344 0.021723735 0

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin 53.56584733 46.48978382 6.935860624 22.26278356

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin 95.12141364 45.99695313 7.183325205 15.20646979

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish 174.737899 24.21432083 7.546542073 1.086245263

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish 96.7417922 21.98046919 6.358684664 7.308820483

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco 9 9

Liberty Arctic Cisco 8 8

Point Brower Arctic Cisco 5 5

Stump Island Arctic Cisco 11 11

Liberty Arctic Cod 8 8

North Star Arctic Cod 7 7

Point Brower Broad Whitefish 6 6

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin 10 10

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin 2 2

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin 5 5

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin 12 12

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish 3 3

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 1 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

28 - 2,4,4'-

Trichlorobiphenyl (Cl3)

44 - 2,2',3,5'-

Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4)

52 - 2,2',5,5'-

Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4)

0 0 5.006142528

0 0 4.602334589

0 0 8.118792378

2.379409064 0 14.66208147

0 2.960526313 9.625561125

2.057880007 0 12.79985581

2.65151515 4.167396513 5.59302077

23.84131856 54.985755 247.5207821

0 0 0

0 4.615648206 13.56938892

12.97422509 15.6643391 25.14099478

2.028508773 5.208660813 8.614253427

1.871174455 13.32750401 34.68021318

0 0 2.417373956

0 0 1.709441974

0 0 6.113101405

5.311432078 0 17.66358608

0 8.373632926 13.84491031

4.01334068 0 5.739315213

6.494859163 8.80538153 11.1114901

41.18618305 161.2872827 724.4667578

0 0 0

0 7.069789333 18.82913953

10.31984822 12.16357914 17.74877839

3.513480259 3.636684559 6.287302892

3.950585383 20.07974562 53.33699261

9 9 9

8 8 8

5 5 5

11 11 11

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

10 10 10

2 2 2

5 5 5

12 12 12

3 3 3

13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 2 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

66 - 2,3',4,4'-

Tetrachlorobiphenyl (Cl4)

101 - 2,2',4,5,5'-

Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5)

105 - 2,3,3',4,4'-

Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5)

5.450993159 6.530201046 0.814789507

2.365324009 6.288686785 0

2.24299066 13.67213042 0.375

1.485148518 20.10313223 3.447862304

1.637380188 24.80423076 11.66168852

11.68043502 36.82960296 22.26200699

5.118866902 7.437140835 1.624445408

250.9664571 329.6667448 115.8551381

0 0 23.0184332

9.4894346 29.2712232 4.594427244

15.4801617 19.45654052 7.780231734

7.57971815 16.46166283 4.49271325

23.21680545 108.5218569 41.3018211

5.530834161 2.066703195 1.060325661

3.448176213 2.435442784 0

5.015479589 9.389798133 0.838525492

4.925680393 10.28659372 3.768212797

4.631210536 39.65150744 18.7342183

4.209734654 24.06482427 24.68616346

8.820997984 3.650300655 2.602955758

738.1158912 950.4272551 304.8258869

0 0 32.55298042

9.439827983 19.71290501 6.697961925

10.40436776 12.34576787 6.196216154

3.32031723 10.96216312 5.657723567

61.30460861 110.0425279 52.61406371

9 9 9

8 8 8

5 5 5

11 11 11

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

10 10 10

2 2 2

5 5 5

12 12 12

3 3 3

13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 3 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

118 - 2,3',4,4',5-

Pentachlorobiphenyl (Cl5)

128 - 2,2',3,3',4,4'-

Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6)

138 - 2,2',3,4,4',5'-

Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6)

1.106284679 0.527619987 5.684675578

0.653987631 0 5.17070279

7.568385822 0.83432658 14.54962003

8.797007176 2.155155415 16.81414478

25.88890696 6.438774435 41.94147106

40.54980151 11.71345657 64.42215884

2.423470317 0.168350168 7.273128822

282.2791436 66.05507595 419.2981323

8.69090291 0 7.67878478

17.47500468 2.195018548 42.83296032

25.26621337 5.258003313 34.12903348

13.63614868 1.410934743 18.69684525

96.75418564 23.90645137 103.5853191

1.78470798 0.762558031 3.007928988

0.973107845 0 2.228741362

5.178644835 1.865610948 5.83342675

4.925407622 1.897570583 10.38804798

38.51965823 11.14211079 53.69242437

44.72244336 16.19092586 59.25593225

2.860936371 0.412372011 8.051611859

786.8870995 187.1659659 1189.235727

4.470256932 0 6.949173662

11.11627308 3.084985447 31.45480786

12.28581171 5.548729122 12.51549289

11.24630623 2.443810662 15.89616998

103.0260032 28.34991748 101.568966

9 9 9

8 8 8

5 5 5

11 11 11

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

10 10 10

2 2 2

5 5 5

12 12 12

3 3 3

13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 4 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

153 - 2,2',4,4',5,5'-

Hexachlorobiphenyl (Cl6)

170 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-

Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7)

180 - 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-

Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7)

12.62865789 0 1.981737337

12.42324315 0 1.390533185

25.11643066 0.058035714 5.595447108

29.78673729 1.865686865 10.93874903

28.89395699 3.903936281 7.298703365

50.39793764 11.8241995 16.43221147

4.311778207 0.244107743 0.570029207

314.3192598 35.15275392 48.86277261

41.150367 2.57714627 2.819593785

43.273169 7.335253898 9.429145126

31.37188329 4.492802644 6.131750331

12.90335752 3.43804965 3.292199

96.51352882 14.80751857 17.97366408

4.131422512 0 3.216140101

4.451814939 0 2.172034762

10.5759657 0.129771802 5.604761501

16.7258394 5.232807627 6.37798015

45.42811732 6.897645798 11.08524039

40.87383441 11.10052219 15.96943335

3.051158915 0.597939413 0.585467112

820.9239007 91.31165911 115.5291479

25.60984109 0.135290443 1.250320232

21.59501295 3.699602045 9.021379313

13.56063063 1.712022264 2.995722876

10.59717005 2.098458501 3.4506933

82.32929537 13.22025782 17.17590422

9 9 9

8 8 8

5 5 5

11 11 11

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

10 10 10

2 2 2

5 5 5

12 12 12

3 3 3

13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 5 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

187 - 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-

Heptachlorobiphenyl (Cl7)

195 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6-

Octachlorobiphenyl (Cl8)

206 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-

Nonachlorobiphenyl (Cl9)

1.16859116 0.5911396 1.504966279

1.279404594 0 0.313887309

4.100400508 0.174107142 0.165178572

4.051045919 0.335498618 4.039734863

7.512834769 0 17.36691242

10.59975537 0.809605357 5.548197196

0.364020748 0 0.26394378

23.44871461 1.325294183 42.51008066

1.333333335 0 0.20046083

6.96762562 0.638685744 1.128054714

1.592302019 0.098916418 0.422581288

1.528913983 0 0.222726807

10.95403411 0.693665728 0.522268359

1.277353706 0.890821311 2.352774682

1.628424624 0 0.477799356

6.223163818 0.389315405 0.369350515

2.441920935 0.775496119 6.791536662

12.81887677 0 44.67985581

9.276243745 1.261065644 6.245083585

0.563952167 0 0.178487634

47.25929752 3.44527573 128.9091369

1.885618086 0 0.283494425

6.595181693 0.989805025 0.742848564

1.846234825 0.198032393 0.418405227

1.228240341 0 0.082760751

8.47240152 0.958104658 0.365950792

9 9 9

8 8 8

5 5 5

11 11 11

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

10 10 10

2 2 2

5 5 5

12 12 12

3 3 3

13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 6 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

209 - 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-

Decachlorobiphenyl (Cl10) 2,4'-DDD 2,4'-DDE 2,4'-DDT 4,4'-DDD

0.38277512 8.14553453 2.923803726 1.591938527 3.432497566

0 9.110824113 0.486526946 1.414963224 2.914804273

0.089285714 16.24988703 0 0.580357142 3.32129022

1.344217955 4.096626393 0.360036004 7.533552502 13.71276658

4.229179986 0 0 3.3092744 7.322212078

1.988896177 0 0 0 12.04103634

0 0 0 0 3.542603123

14.05683873 0.94017094 0 0 10.09031702

0 0 0 0 0

0.067368422 0 0 0 7.960677304

0.044565803 0 0.579150579 0 5.50942337

0 0 0 0 7.130439517

0.494482328 0 0.089445438 0 11.79787609

1.14832536 7.427867296 2.362441335 1.311500458 2.333004594

0 8.752387752 1.376106012 1.567746706 3.301628518

0.199648926 13.27384871 0 1.297718021 5.217260008

2.185571999 5.409062649 1.194104335 8.614097518 13.93254864

11.21057436 0 0 6.157379168 8.815245576

2.818014862 0 0 0 4.423602287

0 0 0 0 3.686875726

43.35004842 2.97308156 0 0 17.38383466

0 0 0 0 0

0.150640371 0 0 0 10.37873334

0.104347239 0 2.006236457 0 2.665278008

0 0 0 0 2.187681453

1.699645757 0 0.322500115 0 6.734864389

9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 7 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDT Aldrin alphaChlordane cis-Nonachlor gammaChlordane

3.041589738 0.485153448 0 9.152335353 6.040875801 4.878043703

3.749480784 1.95084754 0.220588235 6.631163244 6.070061238 4.494430918

11.38488493 1.2538843 0 11.54808737 17.44594407 12.3346646

14.69316078 5.731311446 0 23.2710613 17.14805593 9.299457792

9.90257779 4.171688454 0 8.477547454 10.53283887 6.599706166

9.926225376 4.206669011 0 13.79722572 9.670996911 11.31082649

2.060060778 0.609856368 0 2.348797557 2.068091125 0.844290585

9.80908816 1.039961178 0 3.661231023 9.872986181 5.179836761

38.16350915 4.58013313 0 1.520737325 11.08977643 0

17.7404666 4.61095003 0 8.127236712 12.10640553 2.11293087

22.51696899 1.910746892 0 10.53702912 11.31641882 3.272488143

4.093314577 1.362724437 0 4.27213419 4.28523836 1.81483503

18.71289016 2.837822151 0 6.454147495 14.76032012 4.117891092

4.027719358 0.74354219 0 3.619000283 1.832785595 1.659207962

2.576311643 0.592455564 0.623917747 3.989272365 2.270561581 1.651913969

3.66003401 1.782886454 0 8.285338922 7.461119547 9.7462712

9.455251898 4.737087677 0 19.40921989 9.563560191 6.028609772

9.113595057 2.521624464 0 6.674178804 7.641940933 7.51839662

7.854903563 2.119078668 0 10.84737336 5.268829672 3.175295976

2.0959526 0.669725647 0 1.003614668 0.746653199 1.513289374

12.1863131 1.584202073 0 3.090055437 6.20858794 9.048517946

35.07172397 4.522152432 0 2.15064735 2.649085852 0

11.63842975 2.921114791 0 7.088392429 6.458152744 1.629614702

9.287950693 1.891630306 0 4.986457634 3.40581006 2.719923808

0.73878435 1.545719664 0 1.616772897 1.3307672 1.864290334

17.16220076 3.995065491 0 3.602567582 4.930445646 3.742259953

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 8 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Heptachlor Heptachlor 

Epoxide Oxychlordane Methoxychlor transNonachlor

0 0.691121743 8.823694824 3.146746712 11.67693576

0 2.08430772 10.16675512 3.5236822 13.93952463

0 0 15.86833717 58.70349926 28.48453818

0.243882677 7.092773012 23.49424345 26.08137288 35.50864889

1.214924046 0 7.83602308 17.50530671 19.87988545

1.697504784 0 10.39586449 7.371952211 19.87120623

1.50115607 1.300578035 6.6118081 3.091341028 3.134710003

0.838705057 1.208941606 14.8683447 7.663837261 20.68359948

0 1.42857143 19.60402795 10.34903568 31.66069295

5.704547216 2.866362894 19.86374749 18.77770664 21.83867324

2.767195583 6.450438504 21.46169198 3.48292619 28.00011213

3.367364773 2.24450812 7.714932297 0.970017637 8.90835331

0.77319632 5.112420755 15.09032019 2.763124306 26.99381516

0 2.07336523 3.021772207 5.040348206 3.416269864

0 2.396945344 5.44865778 6.5253902 4.958825063

0 0 11.16258859 63.07742084 9.553764332

0.545674009 6.97350261 15.12285648 28.35218552 20.0765573

1.735866132 0 3.323058084 9.837407959 11.45114848

2.32375745 0 3.35144178 8.149418111 12.08133916

3.388437827 3.185752556 2.346348804 4.116361102 3.493173029

1.400183093 2.550509358 3.850781463 6.86960018 9.63314589

0 2.020305091 12.08321059 1.601520237 12.84112668

4.811228167 2.728467914 9.231470365 8.797207758 9.446851205

1.70584517 5.214938581 7.588009629 3.328944185 7.453980164

3.350464056 3.887602102 1.386028633 1.680119831 0.825242615

1.614003906 7.156673316 4.066239901 4.841589438 12.11734242

9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 9 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane beta-hexachlorocyclohexane delta-hexachlorocyclohexane Endosulfan I

28.83665148 12.54455258 3.866138389 2.476674288

31.5051172 7.410419514 1.861702125 1.229485703

43.1990676 0.848214286 0.116071428 1.329113924

23.19648778 0.550964187 0 2.398689938

21.83469073 1.417748274 0.339805825 0

29.53649313 6.17489623 1.249018024 0

11.65661807 0 0 0

14.69964162 1.158606476 0 0

22.2529442 3.228537295 0 0

24.04836717 0 0 0

25.72426598 2.479783826 0 0

14.1936701 0 0 0

10.88622815 1.561188345 0 0.092426953

6.507004719 5.169423332 7.742248295 5.119590972

12.57543049 7.33409794 5.265688789 1.728715759

18.00284066 1.896664803 0.259543603 2.971989084

11.44932608 1.827341482 0 2.57453959

3.247711368 2.625684817 0.961116013 0

6.177536699 6.14670621 2.56291629 0

4.419270882 0 0 0

8.96868684 2.131664089 0 0

6.328841017 0.061309135 0 0

15.63627577 0 0 0

17.73964727 3.901561937 0 0

2.288454734 0 0 0

4.801272338 1.690570352 0 0.333250119

9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 10 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Endosulfan II Endosulfan 

Sulfate Dieldrin Endrin Endrin Aldehyde

Endrin 

Ketone

0.223285487 0 10.16741795 0 3.584535842 0

0 0 10.75707218 0 1.589221344 0

3.192571752 0 17.45000359 0 0 0

5.556202377 0 20.41090374 2.429742975 3.703352001 0

2.989660609 0 18.77013184 0 0 0

0 0 19.83708909 0 0 0

1.07918119 0.361271677 3.841597692 0.044642857 3.466666667 0

0 0.909782609 12.88432428 0 7.327514509 0

0 0 15.70660525 0.368663595 0 0

3.547108606 1.0041841 14.63151197 0 6.08909194 0

1.325375537 2.148939861 14.2901918 0.278706801 4.866261221 0

0 0 7.65696094 0 0 0

0 0.604360178 7.793681726 0 18.21712667 0

0.66985646 0 4.545526637 0 6.695688592 0

0 0 5.64356704 0 2.469330257 0

3.908455372 0 6.389562336 0 0 0

2.9400249 0 11.83160365 7.351807332 4.404543371 0

5.749004264 0 4.651319685 0 0 0

0 0 5.656915243 0 0 0

1.345907256 0.884931266 1.369615469 0.109352219 8.491564442 0

0 1.920331214 5.863259765 0 13.57014663 0

0 0 1.357731923 0.521369056 0 0

3.018338384 2.24542391 4.338156271 0 8.350868369 0

3.096611514 3.264486689 5.403955284 0.965468679 5.660895375 0

0 0 1.424166369 0 0 0

0 1.513966071 4.175195125 0 12.73077689 0

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 11 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

hexachlorobenzene lindane Mirex Toxaphene Naphthalene Benzo[g,h,i] 

perylene

34.05340846 6.40572227 0 0 63.96684067 18.15924018

41.80635416 8.008405171 0 0 129.0106359 29.70442723

87.66187748 5.243668998 4.86956522 0 182.7010201 66.59511634

92.79170155 6.81880742 0.154269973 0 83.17445075 31.3435525

61.42426374 3.389371884 1.829728758 0 330.6998803 27.84968394

51.02140433 12.24744353 4.41884978 0 281.980654 0

31.57837442 0.619612698 1.633885742 0 35.10401887 3.699001235

32.05314306 4.565578729 3.428690125 0 140.4950001 1.648181604

28.4263526 4.89759345 3.459378735 0 169.901007 6.608636285

42.2172821 3.142734396 5.565847906 0 139.2341622 16.5914507

37.92713404 5.97011179 4.277204933 0 91.72441613 14.2996381

53.33664903 1.764894067 2.798656677 0 26.55907183 0.758322487

48.95147131 1.317512655 5.198498598 0 48.7369237 11.03635207

12.44181492 1.527395982 0 0 44.16475426 10.39020424

13.14821426 4.364740369 0 0 49.45625735 29.68980377

50.65580487 6.623950228 10.88867885 0 109.4900561 57.99659948

59.7379062 5.654435967 0.511655616 0 44.16252921 37.47680193

15.36387128 5.109853968 1.612431737 0 112.7549078 50.16718074

12.8583514 8.442738724 1.636289764 0 78.03733296 0

12.85760423 0.72369727 0.953782551 0 19.51578919 2.889212213

15.16555807 4.349457519 2.849567603 0 55.42332788 1.874339454

12.17734666 0.930498939 0.125876837 0 46.47667209 2.177198559

17.84787206 3.677195206 2.87423614 0 47.32666605 19.1166199

9.587033546 6.383014741 2.316985714 0 56.20993553 21.29319628

7.746454566 0.535932584 0.215820858 0 4.422288873 0.123569805

9.639631915 2.653635426 1.782840457 0 15.40083992 14.54140695

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 12 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Biphenyl C1-Naphthalenes C2-Naphthalenes C3-Naphthalenes C4-Naphthalenes Acenaphthylene

12.2021489 61.26466103 75.69078127 35.50721441 0 5.376344089

17.23900418 80.15894796 77.07783798 36.31724616 0 0

34.8150899 89.25773762 120.0654666 4.46428572 0 27.08696676

16.36542813 54.97258558 88.16664162 22.04266465 0 9.715935088

41.47388898 249.1616754 201.325488 76.89104699 0 2.277250046

8.048925543 188.0415643 143.970042 45.69503549 0 0

25.9560777 13.1392896 29.04207428 18.43394333 0 2.66071485

30.23832684 178.197334 194.7407067 79.85108299 0 0.73775355

39.2925414 164.797747 149.6159755 67.89554535 0 3.26062468

49.63108506 50.67734082 74.7648023 66.44061004 0 7.79526279

86.39449427 37.67110298 51.90382314 24.88883722 7.319819817 4.588059161

17.03855627 9.62128039 18.81603453 16.87408257 0 1.146131807

9.235504138 19.78234022 32.07374702 19.60440058 0 6.118614035

5.937153578 98.95310881 83.45510209 20.50428488 0 16.12903227

9.309522238 39.2622652 33.86357193 20.92213504 0 0

24.55207669 59.72915544 62.81852774 9.982446341 0 46.37492325

10.56448652 33.41417849 59.01785423 45.86713441 0 20.02558126

23.57691755 121.6936265 87.90051948 32.23566694 0 2.578145255

14.35964863 85.43098565 47.5002936 22.80574812 0 0

42.31883823 6.686514949 18.91300215 16.08141272 0 2.015355617

13.60073131 88.64995707 65.67166976 22.15564508 0 1.077132786

8.951375617 60.21088488 23.02713385 1.737896853 0 0.211444118

46.55495192 21.47233174 34.72465809 42.33816586 0 7.957610841

55.64574602 21.74632977 36.79649133 43.13595569 25.35659965 8.819170607

3.631256728 0.792942705 2.082627843 3.736931724 0 1.985158521

2.364897905 3.746241661 7.18279339 17.20370805 0 5.454083873

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 13 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Acenaphthene Anthracene Dibenzothiophene C1-

Dibenzothiophenes

C2-

Dibenzothiophenes

0 0.590520191 4.281866797 0 0

0 4.111850858 6.330750371 0 0

0 23.13879104 7.70145829 0 0

0 2.117488739 7.167620834 2.182718273 2.475247527

7.606132865 2.942952659 6.167910939 3.731392733 8.3508115

2.011239271 1.7948096 1.20733883 7.75146981 9.165353586

11.94610049 2.714744478 2.487159462 3.046823213 2.996487028

5.060072094 1.258230508 131.2294499 1.00719424 0

9.974398345 3.18911077 8.86755419 7.11469534 0

12.94178993 15.27554629 12.29713951 35.14893754 71.35050644

9.359491409 9.108895544 7.56536313 7.024387948 10.38707134

8.930203827 1.21165913 1.44489063 0 0

12.03560588 1.746969387 2.653633008 0 0

0 0.969096429 0.848766976 0 0

0 7.49608332 2.076820279 0 0

0 24.97110183 9.799341371 0 0

0 2.748076921 5.347219165 7.239257534 8.209467311

7.95774021 4.010085455 2.770232089 4.17575246 9.383860988

5.321238939 4.748619852 2.153947292 7.49427014 12.6323765

7.826741651 2.692431441 1.306463572 3.4538227 4.649150548

6.634315762 1.616290709 403.4527924 3.185027845 0

1.535142193 1.251527101 0.493610978 0.93774018 0

6.926229268 14.87411567 12.77501709 60.23740583 120.3047383

8.690470364 20.84758835 8.649316058 12.66590139 17.30890773

2.070797603 0.68772973 0.198800759 0 0

7.966650348 0.476440855 0.604580154 0 0

9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 14 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

C3-

Dibenzothiophenes Fluorene C1-Fluorenes C2-Fluorenes C3-Fluorenes Phenanthrene

0 8.20753412 0 0 0 19.25652237

0 12.29601012 0 0 0 26.56291725

0 26.99734083 0 0 0 78.75263344

13.05130509 12.19735602 0 0 0 38.80194645

1.356132075 15.24016515 15.48487995 29.48916406 17.80185763 25.83466699

0 4.123211257 7.4416632 0 0 24.41276893

1.396917148 4.563465618 6.978078223 4.3956044 0 18.42418175

0 43.62256933 3.14076012 0 0 11.73920736

0 18.92814475 0 0 0 41.80747565

47.43941806 22.04073527 27.8364243 47.6780185 61.609907 94.71163168

5.572094375 12.14164879 9.619534658 5.067567567 5.743995788 48.07340293

0 3.340993527 0 0 0 11.60045696

0 5.048655534 0 0 0 15.20995091

0 3.901793342 0 0 0 5.944240233

0 6.576680283 0 0 0 16.3338267

0 15.08231359 0 0 0 44.47887449

43.28628201 8.402669646 0 0 0 23.36385808

3.835720746 10.1990487 18.17900636 66.65479261 50.35125698 22.86972416

0 10.90899159 12.83056512 0 0 49.74022652

3.421734226 2.395510679 8.116629646 10.76698789 0 11.10511623

0 115.0050076 6.6621407 0 0 12.62981608

0 5.817127002 0 0 0 3.72923697

76.97711207 17.03092067 29.83199166 72.78637098 85.84285719 68.11140215

13.11041888 14.07579465 13.7390699 17.55456899 19.47330335 70.85332458

0 0.430449473 0 0 0 1.88192146

0 0.764365549 0 0 0 2.892573048

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 15 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

C1-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

C2-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

C3-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

C4-Phenanthrenes/ 

anthracenes

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

21.59026234 15.74085433 0 0

42.62539279 40.44586553 9.234215571 0

9.31570035 8.724041967 0 0

5.904416169 3.22440087 0 0

22.8298344 37.4466633 0 0

98.87524886 147.3604107 63.5294118 42.3529412

31.89744129 26.95006237 8.0473419 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

16.79364541 17.93520964 0 0

23.53349693 26.25265416 17.18428518 0

15.04730662 13.55332531 0 0

9.035307657 7.263081131 0 0

7.521231363 20.37201309 0 0

117.6343388 222.7946532 142.0560834 94.70405557

50.56618999 37.86744256 19.38362837 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 16 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Benzo[a] 

anthracene Chrysene C1-Chrysenes C2-Chrysenes C3-Chrysenes C4-Chrysenes

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

3.041774673 4.660618488 2.532536205 0 0 0

7.096404603 16.09640774 3.156672751 0 0 0

4.213619825 6.589254783 2.894552453 0 0 0

0.505050505 1.24579125 1.84503492 0 0 0

0 0 4.074074075 0 0 0

33.11753819 46.58715653 53.49195956 40 20 0

24.84656008 30.61842246 12.46792655 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

5.932810447 8.985078735 4.276578167 0 0 0

6.968963122 14.95520729 4.059953324 0 0 0

8.102864493 10.42605311 4.636835232 0 0 0

1.597109929 3.939537839 3.018339423 0 0 0

0 0 5.761610811 0 0 0

39.10742138 58.28967061 98.97713601 89.4427191 44.72135955 0

55.4953209 55.55176826 29.49714337 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 17 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Fluoranthene Pyrene C1-Fluoranthenes/ 

pyrenes

C2-Fluoranthenes/ 

pyrenes

C3-Fluoranthenes/ 

pyrenes

5.770148157 4.066086163 0 0 0

7.629408855 4.697013789 0 0 0

27.72955293 24.47477175 0 0 0

13.58249606 9.181615131 0 0 0

7.527748788 5.269528691 8.87361445 2.505896225 0

11.64200824 0 19.42100356 0 0

9.377516958 7.960615402 6.282964517 3.748710617 0

3.953039911 2.90629481 0 0 0

11.64533198 8.41099165 0 0 0

57.9056578 63.21070278 82.82011032 64.83062302 31.7647058

39.12979635 33.54959258 26.89503578 13.9191192 2.970297033

4.52793809 2.729435483 0 0 0

5.027047199 4.336460934 0 0 0

2.421903071 1.780672856 0 0 0

4.421538199 2.297057778 0 0 0

28.57105132 17.69477551 0 0 0

10.83565822 7.815718294 0 0 0

8.324145286 6.130659607 7.899398116 7.087744855 0

30.80185857 0 17.97956606 0 0

12.2049484 10.73535209 10.38353668 5.834851023 0

4.523426475 3.420047494 0 0 0

3.434760046 2.770980002 0 0 0

57.91469681 65.78332748 110.945267 110.1600444 71.02804145

82.84753069 74.57041828 58.33103148 32.54279479 10.28941075

1.107511793 0.518793733 0 0 0

1.388267678 1.476230584 0 0 0

9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 18 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Benzo[a] 

pyrene

Benzo[e] 

pyrene

Benzo[b] 

fluoranthene

Benzo[k] 

fluoranthene

Dibenzo[a,h] 

anthracene Perylene

0 0 0.531632111 0.202020202 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0.247524753 0.132763276 0 0

0.174148606 12.80588828 1.764559845 2.092265909 0.566037736 0

0 0 0 4.123211257 0 0.899100899

9.402448355 2.714768097 3.56357409 2.955615897 0.361271677 2.16033164

0 0 0.612029915 0.376901709 0 2.095861776

0 0 1.85185185 1.11111111 0 8.1174262

20.89308366 17.93802038 25.54157146 14.34202767 5.691875322 13.99102579

21.79802293 16.55835043 23.43642598 18.29271834 3.666041506 8.537052249

2.71132437 2.946564383 0.672708117 0.459968767 0 1.05885236

0 0 1.27942168 1.1024773 0.175438596 0.411522634

0 0 1.594896333 0.606060607 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0.820946731 0.440325974 0 0

0.492566642 34.8648351 3.299978955 4.210686808 1.600996487 0

0 0 0 10.90899159 0 2.378797381

9.537205326 5.20975024 6.940348531 5.782569143 0.884931266 3.428690561

0 0 1.3879771 0.800693005 0 4.473686603

0 0 2.618914002 1.571348401 0 6.85262386

24.90190953 19.77115842 30.11487739 15.37408438 6.972242069 9.109165462

59.30274193 40.904621 51.07763007 43.23850528 6.568281964 13.84607939

2.359411885 2.849467488 0.623125866 0.402128124 0 1.162401181

0 0 2.109006602 1.840801398 0.632552854 1.483765957

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 19 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Indeno[1,2,3,-c,d] 

pyrene

Percent 

Lipids Percent Solids Total PCB congeners

Total PCBs Total 

Pesticides

0 100 769.6163134 136.9454419 68.47272094 166.1886582

0 100 937.929624 136.3781837 68.18909181 170.9257375

0 100 2190.243781 166.8381198 83.41905984 341.0855286

0 100 1726.804601 257.6592203 128.8296102 346.2780716

2.816926884 100 548.2644948 468.6193796 234.3096895 208.7473861

1.301390121 100 451.2254147 663.7238136 331.8619067 224.7747016

1.87029491 100 643.3618433 104.5682652 52.2841326 81.39514372

0.973517871 100 709.7500928 4620.050001 2310.025006 162.8843008

0 100 870.0034135 201.635433 100.8177164 196.7365595

12.43686316 100 1035.615663 455.6907887 227.8453944 221.9558328

12.79871755 100 722.2322638 504.3780409 252.1890203 217.0925661

0 100 403.1938017 237.6370097 118.8185047 125.914693

1.123851721 100 795.9993532 1221.106631 610.5533153 204.125764

0 0 184.8171776 39.28039772 19.64019885 58.67934307

0 0 282.4281667 94.31419008 47.15709496 62.14389345

0 0 1063.452326 65.25351814 32.62675902 181.2990547

0 0 992.8589671 108.7191005 54.35955033 186.1543071

6.118763256 0 140.193909 573.8629084 286.9314536 63.46523213

3.44315462 0 104.7817811 470.1901061 235.0950532 53.52931943

3.145757754 0 208.2770391 114.5423781 57.27118905 26.92048823

1.981145448 0 121.2056151 12291.02109 6145.510559 40.6338885

0 0 125.1889175 14.34344185 7.171721068 72.02604876

17.14736679 0 140.611241 298.3088106 149.1544056 77.9334226

27.77526532 0 200.1725648 178.9666377 89.48331889 67.94282108

0 0 29.57567495 134.8443251 67.42216227 18.55759373

1.578619991 0 258.3306925 1286.411407 643.2057037 44.19607761

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 20 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Total DDTs Total HCHs Total Chlordanes Total 

Endosulphans Total Endrin Total Low PAHs

19.62051751 45.24734243 44.40975388 2.699959773 3.584535842 222.3775932

19.62744688 40.77723883 46.90992508 1.229485703 1.589221344 260.094565

32.79030363 44.16335332 144.3850707 4.521685684 0 412.2797704

46.12745369 23.74745197 142.139496 7.954892304 6.133094975 269.2569381

24.70575273 23.59224481 72.04623179 2.989660609 0 742.4665323

26.17393073 36.96040741 74.11557693 0 0 535.9688956

6.212520265 11.65661807 20.90077252 1.440452867 3.511309523 166.2214038

21.87953729 15.85824809 63.97748214 0.909782609 7.327514509 689.9515047

42.74364225 25.4814815 75.65284175 0 0.368663595 575.0203105

30.31209392 24.04836717 91.39761054 4.551292706 6.08909194 1049.757169

30.51628981 28.2040498 87.28830044 3.474315399 5.144968022 409.3244359

12.58647856 14.1936701 33.5773837 0 0 90.0242897

33.43803383 12.4474165 76.06523546 0.696787132 18.21712667 123.5094208

11.69244124 17.03487241 18.74205607 5.251482572 6.695688592 227.5375569

13.19976417 19.34212544 20.88881482 1.728715759 2.469330257 123.0217967

18.09163954 16.40956074 97.5431891 6.672344577 0 237.6451717

24.19025111 11.8571289 84.97716205 4.761530786 7.324824069 149.206745

21.73896669 3.985947776 34.95541835 5.749004264 0 261.2625325

11.96963259 13.59461442 28.8083442 0 0 143.6579381

5.221817892 4.419270882 6.594307571 1.287968731 8.470371657 97.46345487

26.87070752 10.89554909 17.72400776 1.920331214 13.57014663 431.1117144

39.59387634 6.390150145 25.00399094 0 0.521369056 68.17286552

19.12360497 15.63627577 31.91714902 3.174786316 8.350868369 1210.662703

10.40519213 21.34417646 24.59285632 5.939780633 5.47893724 409.8909976

3.870524624 2.288454734 10.14225269 0 0 11.45845648

20.40449471 4.645057922 18.98816442 1.510668959 12.73077689 22.09930734

9 9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 21 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Total High PAHs Total PAHs PHN Equivalents 

(ng/g)

BaP Equivalents 

(ng/g) Liver Hep Gut muc ept

10.56988663 232.9474798 9700 9700 0.5625 0

12.32642264 272.4209876 1.6875 0

52.20432472 464.4840952 5050 255 1.05 0

23.14439922 292.4013371 6811.111111 318.8888889 0.975

54.63154471 797.098078 12000 180 0.5625 0.5

63.73619921 599.7050949 3550 35.5 1.75 2.25

64.09553918 230.3169432 5520 84.2 1.708333333 0

14.51352267 704.465027 2361.25 63.25 1.4 4.4

35.21078685 610.2310975 1145 22.5 0.75 2

604.5629212 1654.32009 48.25 10.75 4.7 5.95

289.4840788 698.8085146 3436.666667 136.1111111 3.208333333

15.10679158 105.131081 5866.666667 80.33333333 0 0

13.45622008 136.9656408 6538.461538 171.6923077 0.375 0

5.821219936 227.9886389 0.664803945 0

6.708679373 128.9374596 0.873723559 0

44.96880906 275.5123978 4030.508653 91.92388155 0.670820393 0

17.79007732 160.5439841 2153.163048 70.78920194 1.003120132

49.10279878 274.8810644 0.776323754 0.645497224

74.65352001 185.8871912 2333.452378 23.33452378 0.612372436 1.942935923

87.36764676 165.8599005 3550.633746 46.05648706 1.860219521 0

12.06189013 435.533591 1929.325845 29.59126319 3.098386677 2.221110833

23.01023704 45.16262939 784.8885271 3.535533906 1.060660172 1.414213562

775.6181673 1982.602462 33.41032774 9.5 3.07408523 3.346640106

639.6109012 983.7964827 7717.242059 260.552991 2.67529381

6.402169882 16.7968987 2557.994006 39.01709027 0 0

6.507755842 20.28830032 11405.15515 125.232041 0.932372341 0

9 9 1 1 8 7

8 8 0 0 8 7

5 5 2 2 5 2

11 11 7 7 10 0

8 8 1 1 8 7

7 7 2 2 6 6

6 6 5 5 6 4

10 10 8 8 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 4 4 5 5

12 12 9 9 12 0

3 3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 13 12 2

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 22 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

% water As (μg/g) Ba (μg/g) Cd (μg/g) Cr (μg/g) Cu (μg/g)

72.88888889 3.472222222 2.132222222 0.023666667 0.232222222 21.2

74 3.56125 1.85875 0.032 0.365 25.18571429

75.2 3.07 2.272 0.0444 0.278 15.38

74.72727273 3.673636364 2.349090909 0.028909091 0.49 26.71111111

77.875 13.13375 2.65875 0.14275 0.37 6.175

76.28571429 11.60285714 3.752857143 0.227 0.462857143 14.35714286

67 0.761666667 3.691666667 0.033666667 0.68 3.996666667

75.6 3.056 7.011 0.123 0.805 14.0625

65.5 4.465 11.635 0.1245 1.615 18.9

77 3.992 12.692 0.0535 1.088 18.38

75.41666667 5.448333333 8.629166667 0.188916667 0.6075 15.70833333

71.33333333 2.156666667 4.81 0.018333333 0.563333333 3.666666667

74.07692308 2.353076923 5.697692308 0.037769231 0.606166667 32.96666667

1.96497102 0.58938056 0.515164483 0.010805091 0.070316744 27.25447975

1.195228609 0.24121345 0.539508705 0.011563489 0.145405836 22.49188213

1.923538406 0.675018518 0.575213004 0.019269146 0.077910205 12.86281462

3.977207792 0.531117176 0.573767454 0.011004131 0.229738982 13.19937919

1.356202682 3.840792097 1.279926756 0.078852031 0.103647755 1.944038506

2.627691364 2.430649531 1.027451772 0.045284287 0.147615975 20.73843912

8.579044236 0.503563965 1.953094126 0.015641824 0.572538208 2.688357615

2.633122354 0.561786832 3.295098886 0.074387872 0.505552503 7.349429035

3.535533906 0.671751442 3.344615075 0.007778175 0.51618795 9.050966799

4.062019202 1.624306006 3.020483405 0.026108747 0.356819282 16.65523942

1.880924982 1.465920954 1.751811833 0.088149107 0.160970071 9.303514325

0.577350269 0.662293993 3.167664755 0.006027714 0.30664855 0.513160144

1.846687957 0.543574353 2.409007935 0.013608538 0.610916872 48.24214177

9 9 9 9 9

8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 11 11

8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 8

2 2 2 2 2

5 5 4 5 5

12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3

13 13 13 12 12

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 23 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Fe (μg/g) Hg (μg/g) Ni (μg/g) Pb (μg/g) Se (μg/g) V (μg/g)

93.64444444 0.056666667 1.144444444 0.213125 1.555555556 0.968888889

53.4875 0.059625 1.17875 0.675 1.8075 1.2625

81.7688 0.1536 0.4762 0.5706 2.008 26.882

90.61818182 0.086363636 1.474545455 0.528333333 1.71 1.213636364

72.175 0.0375 0.58375 0.099625 3.435 1.2825

151.9428571 0.057714286 0.931428571 0.161428571 1.982857143 0.97

226.0166667 0.0725 0.941666667 0.187333333 2.053333333 1.855

293.3 0.1331 0.826 0.4994 2.565 2.49

663 0.088 1.025 0.2645 2.465 3.29

348.8 0.17 0.94 0.4224 2.634 2.738

238.8083333 0.22175 1.108333333 0.269083333 2.385833333 2.654166667

168.6 0.092333333 1.096666667 0.081666667 1.926666667 1.47

166.8916667 0.198230769 2.462307692 0.524416667 2 2.096923077

33.91747747 0.009313968 0.851089171 0.225409746 0.317887996 0.242922027

17.76846625 0.006545173 0.845144747 0.767121149 0.231254344 0.369546054

84.81927651 0.143815159 0.352373665 1.157107947 0.574560702 57.64557329

45.51869546 0.01075428 0.914793568 0.500029749 0.289931026 0.381451772

26.61104765 0.013700886 0.209484913 0.025922618 0.506105579 0.489482234

56.09714363 0.017230925 0.757835263 0.068168559 0.552530973 0.312836486

158.6897655 0.016670333 0.783847349 0.190164841 0.325985685 0.335663522

271.8774438 0.024709198 0.574421448 0.420757307 0.306929235 0.474833304

229.1025971 0.028284271 0.431335137 0.055861436 0.16263456 1.230365799

134.0790811 0.189296064 0.384621026 0.516538285 0.329742324 0.287262946

92.22534121 0.113754221 0.652754072 0.275065102 0.721582331 0.750544752

125.2368955 0.008020806 0.571343446 0.046758243 0.444109596 0.612127438

127.6515389 0.066092301 2.917510794 0.545709456 0.254558441 1.028983192

9 9 9 8 9 9

8 8 8 8 8 8

5 5 5 5 5 5

11 11 11 9 11 11

8 8 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10 10 10

2 2 2 2 2 2

5 5 5 5 5 5

12 12 12 12 12 12

3 3 3 3 3 3

12 13 13 12 13 13

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 24 of 25
SITE_NAME SPECIES

Means

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Standard 

Deviations

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Number of 

Samples

Bullen Point Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cisco

Point Brower Arctic Cisco

Stump Island Arctic Cisco

Liberty Arctic Cod

North Star Arctic Cod

Point Brower Broad Whitefish

Bullen Point Four Horn Sculpin

Liberty Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Four Horn Sculpin

Stump Island Four Horn Sculpin

Point Brower Humpback Whitefish

Stump Island Humpback Whitefish

Zn (μg/g)

78.975

94.3

105.42

101.9555556

91.4375

93.51428571

78.51666667

96.69

106.75

106

106.325

50.4

78.36666667

6.267090918

11.96793335

26.54396353

10.64519975

16.5071359

17.293489

22.34138909

14.96354459

11.66726189

8.396427812

15.02707405

13.81738036

17.59671113

8

8

5

9

8

7

6

10

2

5

12

3

12

Appllied Marine Sciences, Inc. 25 of 25
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – August 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix E

APPENDIX E: P4501A

(Located on the enclosed CD)
Baseline Characterization of Anthropogenic Contaminants in Biota Associated with the Alaska OCS

Liberty and Northstar Oil and Gas Production Units in the Nearshore Beaufort Sea – March 2003

Applied Marine Sciences, Inc. Appendix E-1

This appendix contains the occurrence and intensity scores for all fish and all tissues.
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 108 109 110 111 112

liver 

hepatocytes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 1 1 2 3

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 2 2 4 0 0 0 1.5 1 1.5 2.5 2 5 1 1 1

vascular endothelium 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) o o o o o

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut

mucus epithelium 2.5 3 7.5 2 2 4 2.5 3 7.5 2 2 4 2 1.5 3

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 1.5 3 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 113 114 121 122 123

liver picture

hepatocytes 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 9 2.5 2 5 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 0 0 2 1 1 2 5

heavy 

gill not pres picture Trichidona not pres not pres

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres

tubules 1.5 2 3 1.5 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 2 1 2

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 1.5 2 3 2 2 4 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) o o t t t

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut picture picture

mucus epithelium 2 0.5 1 2.5 2 5 1.5 3 4.5 1.5 1 1.5 2 3 6

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen not pres not pres not pres

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 95 96 70 71 79

liver 

hepatocytes 0 0 0 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 3 3 9 2.5 2 5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 3 2 2 3 2

heavy 

gill Trichidina not pres

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres not pres

tubules 1.5 2 3 1.5 1 1.5 1 0.5 0.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) o o o t o

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut

mucus epithelium 1.5 2 3 2 0.5 1 2.5 0.5 1.25 2.5 4 10 2 4 8

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen mac aggs not pres

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 of 7
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 80 26 27 28 31

liver 

hepatocytes 3 2 6 0 0 0 3 1 3 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 2 4 4 1

gill not pres not pres not pres Trichidina Trichidina 

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres

tubules 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) o o not pres o o

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut not pres not pres not pres not pres

mucus epithelium 2 3 6

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

spleen not pres

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 not pres not pres

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 32 33 45 46 47

liver 

hepatocytes 3 0.5 1.5 3 3 9 2 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 6

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 3 4 4 4 1

gill not pres pict Trichidina Trichidina not pres

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres not pres not pres

tubules 2 3 6 2 3 6

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) o not pres not pres o o

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut not pres not pres not pres not pres not pres

mucus epithelium

vascular endothelium

spleen not pres

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart not pres

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 48 49 50 115 116

liver pict hi vac! pict hi vac!

hepatocytes 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 3 2 6 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 2 2 2 5 5

gill Trichidina Trichidina not pres not pres

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres not pres

tubules 2 2 4 1.5 2 3 2 2 4

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) o o o t o

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut not pres not pres not pres

mucus epithelium 1 1 1 1 1 1

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart not pres not pres

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 of 7
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 117 118 126 127 128

liver pict necrosis

hepatocytes 3 0.5 1.5 0 0 0 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 3 1 3

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 5 5 5 5 5

gill not pres not pres not pres mac aggs

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres not pres not pres

tubules 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 2 3

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) t o o t o

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut

mucus epithelium 0 0 0 1.5 1 1.5 0 0 0 2.5 2 5 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen not pres mac aggs

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart not pres

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 3 4.5

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 3 4.5

sample # 129 130 131 52

liver 

hepatocytes 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 5 5 5 1

gill not pres

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney not pres not pres not pres

tubules not pres

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gonad (t or o) t t o t

vascular endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut

mucus epithelium 3 1 3 2.5 1 2.5 2 1.5 3

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen not pres mac aggs not pres

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

parenchema 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 2 3 4 5 6

liver np

hepatocytes 0 0 0 3 0.25 0.75 3 1 3 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 1 3 1

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary endo 0

kidney

tubules 0 0 0 0 0 0 np 2 1 2 2 1.5 3

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 of 7
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 7 8 9 10 36

liver 

hepatocytes 0 0 0 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 0 0 0 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 1 1 2 1

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 0.75 1 0.5 0.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo np 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

testes 0 0 0

sample # 37 53 54 67 68

liver 

hepatocytes 0 0 0 3 0.25 0.75 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 2 2 2 1

gill np

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 2 1 2 np np np np

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

testes 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 69 81 82 102 103

liver 

hepatocytes 0 0 0 3 0.25 0.75 3 0.25 0.75 3 0.25 0.75 3 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 1 2.5 3 3

gill heavy parasites

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules np 0 0 0 np

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

testes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 104 105

liver 

hepatocytes 3 0.25 0.75 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 4 2.5

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules np np

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0

testes 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0

4 of 7
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 83 84 85 86 87

liver/sex fmmmm

hepatocytes3 0.5 1.53133133 0.5 1.53 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium000000000000000

bile duct000000000000000

vacuolation32242

gill np

pillar cells000000000000

epithelium000000000000

vascular endothelium000000000000

kidney

tubules np np np np np

vascular endothelium000000000000000

skin/muscle vasc endo000000000000000

heart

atrial endothelium000000000000000

ventricle endothelium000000000000000

gut epith000000000000000

gut vasc endo2 0.51000000000000

ovary/testes vasc endo000000000000000

sample # 88 97 98 99 100

liver fmfmm

hepatocytes3 0.5 1.50000000003 0.5 1.5

vascular endothelium0000000000002 0.51

bile duct000000000000000

vacuolation43311

gill hyperplasia

pillar cells000000000000000

epithelium000000000000000

vascular endothelium000000000000000

kidney

tubules np np np np000

vascular endothelium0000000000000

00

skin/muscle vasc endo000000000000000

heart

atrial endothelium000000000000000

ventricle endothelium000000000000000

gut epith000000000000000

gut vasc endo000000000000000

ovary/testes vasc endo000000000000000

sample # 12 13 14 15 16

liver mmfm

hepatocytes313000000000000

vascular endothelium000000000000000

bile duct000000000000000

vacuolation11211

gill

pillar cells000000000000000

epithelium000000000000000

vascular endothelium000000000000000

kidney

tubules212000

vascular endothelium000000000

skin/muscle vasc endo000000000000000

heart

atrial endothelium000000000000000

ventricle endothelium000000000000000

gut epith000

gut vasc endo000

ovary/testes vasc endo000000000000

spleen000000000

sample # 17 18 19 20 21

liver mffmm

hepatocytes0000000003 0.5 1.5000

vascular endothelium0000000

00000000

bile duct000000000000000

vacuolation21113

gill

pillar cells000000000000000

epithelium000000000000000

vascular endothelium000000000000000

kidney

tubules

vascular endothelium

skin/muscle vasc endo000000000000000

heart

atrial endothelium000000000000000

ventricle endothelium000000000000000

gut epith

gut vasc endo

ovary/testes vasc endo000000000000000

spleen000000000000000

5 of 7
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 22 23 24 27 (liver photos) 55 (liver photo)

liver m m f m f

hepatocytes 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2.5 5 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 2 5

vacuolation 1 4 3/4 areas of highly vacu 1 (bile can. stng)

gill trich

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary/testes vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 56 61 photo 64 65 66

liver m f f f f

hepatocytes 2 2 4 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 2/5 apop region? 3 1 1

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 2 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 2 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0 1.5 3 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary/testes vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 75 76 77 89 (photo) 90

liver m f f f

hepatocytes 0 0 0 3 0.25 0.75 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 1 1 (bile can. stng) 1 (bile can. stng) 5 5

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ovary/testes vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen 0 0 0

6 of 7
P450.1

tissue/cell type Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int Occ Int Occ X Int

sample # 91 92

liver f f

hepatocytes 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0 0 0 0

vacuolation 5 5

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

kidney

tubules 0 0 0 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0

ovary/testes vasc endo 0 0 0 0 0 0

spleen 0 0 0 0 0 0

sample # 101

liver m

hepatocytes 3 1 3

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

bile duct 0 0 0

vacuolation 4

gill

pillar cells 0 0 0

epithelium 0 0 0

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

kidney

tubules np

vascular endothelium 0 0 0

skin/muscle vasc endo 0 0 0

heart

atrial endothelium 0 0 0

ventricle endothelium 0 0 0

gut epith 0 0 0

gut vasc endo 0 0 0

ovary/testes vasc endo 0 0 0

7 of 7