1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

2 Opinion Number: ___________

3 Filing Date: December 28, 2018

4 No. A-1-CA-35800

5 MARIA CUMMINGS, Individually

6 and as Personal Representative of

7 the ESTATE OF SHAUN MICHAEL

8 CHAVEZ; JANA VALLEJOS, Individually

9 and as Personal Representative of the 

10 ESTATE OF DONOVAN VALLEJOS; and 

11 LEON SALAZAR, Individually, on behalf

12 of themselves and all others similarly

13 situated,

14 Plaintiffs-Appellants,

15 v.

16 BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE 

17 UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, a

18 body corporate of the State of New Mexico,

19 for itself and its public operations, including

20 UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH

21 SCIENCES CENTER, and its components, THE 

22 UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HOSPITAL,

23 and UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO 

24 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE,

25 Defendants-Appellees.

26 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY

27 Alan M. Malott, District Judge

28 Vigil Law Firm, P.A.

29 Jacob G. Vigil

30 Albuquerque, NM
1 Freedman Boyd Hollander Goldberg Urias & Ward, P.A.

2 Joseph Goldberg

3 Frank T. Davis

4 Albuquerque, NM

5 for Appellants

6 Rodey, Dickason, Sloan, Akin & Robb, P.A.

7 Edward Ricco

8 Leslie McCarthy Apodaca

9 Andrew G. Schultz

10 Nelson Franse

11 Albuquerque, NM 

12 Walz & Associates

13 Jerry Walz

14 Albuquerque, NM 

15 for Appellees
1 OPINION

2 VIGIL, Judge.

3 {1} Plaintiffs, Maria Cummings, individually and as personal representative of 

4 the estate of her son Shaun Michael Chavez, brought a class action complaint for 

5 medical and other negligence against Defendants (UNMH) resulting from 

6 treatment provided to pediatric cancer patients at UNMH. Plaintiffs appeal from an 

7 order of the district court dismissing their claims on grounds that UNMH did not 

8 receive notice of Plaintiffs’ claims as required by the Tort Claims Act (TCA), 

9 NMSA 1978, Section 41-4-16 (1977). We conclude that Plaintiffs provided 

10 UNMH with written notice of their claims in compliance with the TCA and 

11 reverse. Because we reverse on this basis, we do not address Plaintiffs’ remaining 

12 arguments. 

13 BACKGROUND

14 I. The UNMH Investigation of Its Pediatric Oncology Program

15 {2} In 1987, after a review of UNMH’s pediatric cancer program conducted by 

16 physicians from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 

17 UNMH received a letter stating that UNMH was not employing standard protocols 

18 in treating its pediatric cancer patients and “[s]trongly encourage[d] that all 

19 children with cancer be treated on protocols if at all possible.” On March 3, 1997, 

20 Dr. Jami Frost, a physician in the pediatric cancer program at UNMH, wrote a 
2

1 letter to the Chair of the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. John Johnson, expressing 

2 concern about UNMH’s treatment of pediatric cancer patients. The letter states:

3 Dr. Winter and I have identified several of our patients who are 

4 presently receiving non-standard treatment for their high risk ALL. 

5 This treatment, known as LSA2L2, was standard therapy for children 

6 in the 1970s. Since that time, several research trials have proven that 

7 this treatment is not as effective in providing long-term disease-free 

8 survival for children with high risk leukemia. . . . It appears that 

9 children treated at UNM Pediatric Oncology Program have been 

10 treated on this same protocol for many years, without any changes 

11 made in regard to availability of more effective therapy.

12 I have contacted two nationally recognized experts in the treatment of 

13 childhood leukemia. . . . Both of these consultants agree that this 

14 treatment is substandard. Both agreed that it is not medically ethical to 

15 continue these patients on this protocol[.]

16 {3} On May 13, 1997, Dr. Frost followed up with a memorandum addressed to 

17 Dr. Johnson and other UNMH administrators, including the Dean of the University 

18 of New Mexico Medical School, Paul Roth, discussing the findings of her 

19 investigation into the treatment of pediatric cancer patients at UNMH between 

20 approximately 1980-1997. Dr. Frost’s memorandum indicated that the survival rate 

21 for these patients was “well below published national rates.” Dr. Frost’s 

22 memorandum was accompanied by a list of 217 pediatric cancer patients whose 

23 treatment was reviewed and who were currently receiving treatment, with an 

24 acknowledgment that the list may not be exhaustive of all pediatric cancer patients 

25 treated at UNMH between 1980 and 1997. Shaun is not on the list.
3

1 {4} In response to Dr. Frost’s letter and memorandum, UNMH began an internal 

2 investigation into the treatment of pediatric cancer patients by Dr. Marilyn Duncan, 

3 M.D. for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). On April 9, 1998, UNMH notified 

4 at least two of its patient health insurance carriers that Dr. Duncan had been placed 

5 on extended leave and was no longer seeing patients while UNMH conducted an 

6 investigation into her treatment of pediatric cancer patients, which “apparently was 

7 not a treatment recommended by national pediatric oncology clinical trials 

8 groups.” UNMH emphasized that “we are sending you this notice, because you 

9 need to be aware of [Dr. Duncan’s] status in the event that [you] receive[] calls 

10 regarding her. . . . [UNMH] is presently conducting a comprehensive investigation 

11 of this matter and is attempting to determine its implications for both our patients 

12 and our institution.”

13 {5} Dr. Cristina Beato, the Assistant or Associate Dean of UNMH, stated that as 

14 part of UNMH’s investigation, she “instructed employees of UNMH to call certain 

15 patients treated for ALL by Dr. Duncan, as well as families of patients so treated, 

16 and inform them that they or their children may not have received the 

17 recommended treatment for their ALL.” Ms. Cummings was not contacted.

18 {6} In making these calls, Dr. Beato instructed the callers to “complete a 

19 ‘telephone work sheet’ ” or script. These scripts are marked “ATTORNEY20 CLIENT PRIVILEGED[.]” One script dated March 29, 1998, titled “Child has 
4

1 died script[,]” prompts the caller to say “[w]e are contacting families of children 

2 treated for leukemia here, because it now appears that at least some of the children 

3 did not receive all of the treatment that was recommended at the time the children 

4 were being seen.” The script includes “possible appropriate answers” to patients’

5 families concerning the physician who treated their child, which are limited to “I’m 

6 sorry I don’t have any first-hand knowledge about that” and “I’m not in 

7 administration and I just don’t have any first-hand information about that.” The 

8 script also contains a section titled “WHAT NOT TO TALK ABOUT[.]” The 

9 points under this heading direct:

10 1. Do not volunteer anything about who was prescribing or 

11 supervising the treatment.

12 2. Don’t get into the specifics of which protocols were or were not 

13 followed.

14 3. Don’t make any statements about what effect the problems may 

15 or may not have caused in the treatment of children—there are 

16 too many variables of treatment to even attempt this fairly at 

17 this point.

18 4. Don’t say anything about how the problem was uncovered—

19 you have no first-hand information about that, and that the matter is 

20 under internal investigation and [is] the subject of a personnel 

21 action.

22 {7} Similarly, another script titled “Script 2b – Child who was in remission, but 

23 has suffered a relapse and is currently in treatment” states that “[t]he physician 

24 who made the decisions on how to treat pediatric oncology patients at UNM for 
5

1 many years and who was responsible for selecting the treatment to be provided to 

2 your child, is now on extended leave and is no longer seeing patients. However, we 

3 have learned that this physician did not select treatment for your child that was the 

4 treatment recommended at that time by a national clinical trials group supported by 

5 the National Cancer Institute [called the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG)].” The 

6 script goes on to state:

7 UNM is in the process of investigating why your child and 

8 certain others with ALL did not receive the treatment recommended 

9 by POG. In August 1996, two new pediatric oncologists . . . joined our 

10 staff. As they became more familiar with the treatments that had been 

11 provided in the past, they, along with nurses, pharmacists and social 

12 workers of the pediatric oncology team, began to raise concerns about 

13 therapy choices for children with ALL, which led us to reexamine the 

14 treatment given to your child.

15 Although the physician who chose the treatment for your child 

16 did not select the POG-recommended treatment, even though that 

17 physician was a member of POG and very knowledgeable about its 

18 recommended treatment protocols, the physician apparently believed 

19 the treatment being prescribed for your child would be equally 

20 effective. We do not know if that treatment was equally effective for 

21 your child.

22 II. The Litigation Against UNMH

23 {8} On February 27, 2001, the estate of Steven Lawrence Lovato filed a class 

24 action complaint against UNMH, which we refer to as the Lovato class action, 

25 grounded on the alleged negligence of Dr. Duncan in her evaluation, care, and 

26 treatment of pediatric cancer patients at UNMH. On June 1, 2001, a second class 

27 action complaint was filed by the estate of Christopher Joseph Sedillo against 
6

1 UNMH, which we refer to as the Sedillo class action. The Sedillo class action was 

2 grounded on the same alleged negligence of Dr. Duncan.

3 {9} On December 3, 2001, the Lovato class action plaintiffs filed a motion to 

4 allow Plaintiffs to be joined as plaintiffs and additional class representatives. The 

5 moving papers assert that the named plaintiff in the Lovato class action and Shaun 

6 were both pediatric leukemia patients of Dr. Duncan and members of the putative

7 class. The motion was granted. For reasons not pertinent to the appeal, the Lovato 

8 plaintiffs were later dismissed from the Lovato class action, and the caption was 

9 amended to reflect that Plaintiffs were henceforth the plaintiffs in the Lovato class 

10 action. The operative complaint in this appeal is the third amended Lovato class 

11 action complaint in which Plaintiffs are named as plaintiffs and class 

12 representatives.

13 {10} UNMH subsequently filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiffs’ complaint, 

14 alleging that Plaintiffs failed to provide notice of their claims as required by the 

15 TCA. After Plaintiffs responded, the district court granted the motion to dismiss on 

16 the basis that Plaintiffs are “unable to establish that UNM[H] was ever given 

17 timely notice by Plaintiff Cummings, on her own behalf or on behalf of Shaun 

18 Cummings, that there was a likelihood of litigation stemming from the pediatric 

19 oncology facility’s conduct.” Plaintiffs filed a motion to reconsider, which the 

20 district court denied. In denying the motion to reconsider, the district court 
7

1 explained its reasoning was that “regardless of when the time period for purposes 

2 of [TCA] notice began to run,” Plaintiffs “failed to establish that UNM[H] was 

3 ever provided appropriate notice.” {11} Initially, we observe that the district court 

4 used an incorrect standard in granting UNMH’s motion to dismiss. The burden was 

5 not on Plaintiffs to prove proper notice under the TCA—it was UNMH’s burden to 

6 prove inadequate notice. Dutton v. McKinley Cty. Bd. of Comm’rs, 1991-NMCA7 130, ¶ 7, 113 N.M. 51, 822 P.2d 1134 (“[U]nder the [TCA] defendants have the 

8 burden of proving that the notice requirement was not met.”). Plaintiffs appeal. 

9 III. Facts Relating to Notice

10 {12} Shaun was born on January 1, 1978. He was diagnosed with ALL when he 

11 was eighteen months old, and was treated at UNMH by Dr. Duncan. In 1980, 

12 Shaun moved with his family to Cleveland, Ohio for about six months while 

13 Shaun’s ALL was in remission, and then returned to New Mexico, where he 

14 relapsed. Shaun continued treatment at UNMH, where he was placed on a LSA2L2 

15 chemotherapy regimen in December 1981. Shaun passed away on September 29, 

16 1983, from complications of ALL.

17 {13} In early January 2001, Ms. Cummings retained counsel to represent her in a 

18 potential case against UNMH relating to Shaun’s care and treatment. When she 

19 met with counsel, Ms. Cummings did not know what treatment protocols Shaun 

20 had received at UNMH. At no time, while Shaun was being treated at UNMH, or 
8

1 after he passed away, did UNMH notify Ms. Cummings that it had not followed 

2 nationally recognized, proper treatment protocols when treating Shaun for ALL.

3 {14} On February 22, 2001, counsel requested a complete copy of Shawn’s 

4 medical records from UNMH. When the medical records were produced, they 

5 revealed that Shaun was treated with a LSA2L2 protocol which, Ms. Cummings 

6 declared in an affidavit, “was the subject of a class action case brought against 

7 UNMH by the Sedillo family,” and “was the first time I learned that Shaun did not 

8 receive the proper ALL treatment at UNMH.”

9 {15} Shortly after receiving Shaun’s medical records, Ms. Cummings signed an 

10 affidavit under the caption of the Sedillo class action on July 24, 2001, which was 

11 filed in the Lovato class action on July 26, 2001. The affidavit was filed in support 

12 of a motion to consolidate the Sedillo class action into the Lovato class action. We 

13 refer to this affidavit as the “notice affidavit” which we discuss in greater detail 

14 below. The motion to consolidate was denied, but has no bearing on our analysis.

15 DISCUSSION

16 {16} To maintain a claim of damages against a governmental agency, the TCA 

17 requires that the agency have notice of the claim. See Section 41-4-16. Among the 

18 ways in which the notice requirement may be satisfied is by “written notice” that is 

19 presented “to the risk management division for claims against the state” which 

20 stated “the time, place and circumstances of the loss or injury.” Whether the 
9

1 district court properly dismissed Plaintiffs’ claims for failing to comply with the 

2 TCA’s notice requirement presents an issue of law, which we review de novo. See

3 Herald v. Bd. of Regents of Univ. of N.M., 2015-NMCA-104, ¶¶ 21, 48-51, 357 

4 P.3d 438 (applying de novo review to order dismissing TCA claims for failing to 

5 comply with TCA notice requirement); Smith v. State ex rel. N.M. Dep’t of Parks 

6 & Recreation, 1987-NMCA-111, ¶ 15, 106 N.M. 368, 743 P.2d 124 (“[W]hether 

7 written notice is sufficient is a question for the court.”). We discuss whether 

8 UNMH received written notice as required by the TCA, then address whether that 

9 notice was timely.

10 IV. Sufficiency of the Written Notice

11 {17} In the notice affidavit, Ms. Cummings states: Shaun was diagnosed with 

12 ALL when he was one and one-half years old; he was diagnosed and treated at 

13 UNMH on the LSA2L2 regimen; it was Dr. Duncan who treated him; and Shaun 

14 died on September 29, 1983. Ms. Cummings further states in the notice affidavit 

15 that she and Shaun’s estate are members of the Lovato and Sedillo class actions, 

16 “and as such, have an interest and are parties to the lawsuits.” 

17 {18} When the notice affidavit was filed in July 2001, the pending Lovato and 

18 Sedillo class action complaints included allegations that Dr. Duncan was negligent 

19 in her evaluation, consultation, care, and treatment of children suffering from 

20 cancer from the time she commenced working at UNMH until she stopped 
10

1 practicing at UNMH; that Dr. Duncan’s negligence resulted in the children 

2 suffering injuries and death as well as damages to the parents of the children; that 

3 UNMH was vicariously liable for Dr. Duncan’s negligence, as well as liable for its 

4 own negligence. Ms. Cummings individually, and as representative of Shaun’s 

5 estate, clearly falls within the class described in the Lovato class action complaint 

6 which is described as including “parents or other affected family members of a 

7 Duncan/UNMH patient” as well as:

8 Any person who was seen by or whose medical care involved Dr. 

9 Marilyn Duncan for the purpose of evaluation, consultation, treatment 

10 and/or care for a medical condition involving any form of childhood 

11 cancer from the first year she practiced medicine, or was employed 

12 and/or had privileges to practice medicine at UNMH as a physician 

13 specializing in the evaluation, consultation, care and treatment of 

14 children suffering from cancer until the time she ceased to practice 

15 medicine at UNMH.

16 Shaun’s estate is also included within the class described in the Sedillo class action 

17 as including:

18 All patients diagnosed with ALL or AML [acute myleoblastic 

19 leukemia] who Marilyn Duncan/UNMHSC actually treated with 

20 chemotherapy for purposes of notice only. 

21 {19} Counsel for UNMH, which Plaintiffs describe as “UNM’s (and its risk 

22 management’s) litigation attorney,” both accepted service of the Lovato class 

23 action complaint and was served with the notice affidavit in the Lovato class 

24 action.
11

1 {20} The Lovato class action complaint, filed on February 27, 2001, clearly 

2 provided UNMH with notice of claims against it arising from allegations of fact 

3 that Dr. Duncan was negligent in evaluating, consulting, care, and treating all of 

4 her pediatric cancer patients during the entire time she was employed by UNMH, 

5 and that the survival rate of pediatric cancer patients of Dr. Duncan between 1981 

6 and 1983 is well below published national rates. The Lovato class action complaint 

7 also gave UNMH notice of claims against it for its own alleged negligence. No 

8 allegations have ever been made that UNMH was unable to investigate the claims 

9 made in the original Lovato class action complaint, and in fact, the record 

10 demonstrates that UNMH conducted a thorough investigation before the Lovato 

11 class action complaint was filed and concluded that Dr. Duncan’s treatment of her 

12 pediatric cancer patients “apparently was not a treatment recommended by national 

13 pediatric oncology clinical trial groups.” These facts demonstrate that UNMH was 

14 aware of the time, place, and circumstances of Dr. Duncan’s and its own alleged 

15 negligence, together with the fact that it was in fact sued for the alleged 

16 negligence.

17 {21} The purpose of the TCA notice requirement “is to ensure that the agency 

18 allegedly at fault is notified that it may be subject to a lawsuit” and to “reasonably 

19 alert the agency to the necessity of investigating the merits of the potential claim 

20 against it.” Herald, 2015-NMCA-104, ¶ 50 (alteration, internal quotation marks, 
12

1 and citations omitted). The notice affidavit gave UNMH notice that Plaintiffs

2 actually intended to make claims against UNMH for their losses and injuries 

3 allegedly caused by the negligence alleged in the Lovato and Sedillo class action 

4 complaints. As Plaintiffs point out, the notice affidavit identifies Ms. Cummings 

5 and Shaun’s estate by name; it states that Shaun was diagnosed and treated by Dr. 

6 Duncan at UNMH; that Shaun died on September 29, 1983; and that Ms. 

7 Cummings considers herself and Shaun’s estate to be members of the classes in the 

8 Lovato and Sedillo class actions. In addition, when the notice affidavit was filed, 

9 UNMH had already conducted investigations into the alleged negligence of Dr. 

10 Duncan, and notified at least two of its patient health insurance carriers of the 

11 investigations. Under the circumstances, we fail to see how UNMH can seriously 

12 argue that it was not given “written notice stating the time, place and 

13 circumstances of the loss or injury” suffered by Ms. Cummings and Shaun’s estate. 

14 See Section 40-4-16(A). All of the reasons for giving written notice under the TCA 

15 were satisfied.

16 {22} For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that UNMH was given written

17 notice of the time, place and circumstances of the alleged loss or injury suffered by 

18 Plaintiffs as required by Section 41-4-16(A) of the TCA. We note that UNMH 

19 does not argue that delivery of the notice affidavit to UNMH’s attorneys fails to 

20 satisfy the TCA under the circumstances. See Martinez v. City of Clovis, 1980-
13

1 NMCA-078, ¶ 18, 95 N.M. 654, 625 P.2d 583 (applying common rules of agency 

2 to conclude that proper notice was given arising from negotiations between the 

3 plaintiff’s attorneys and the agency’s insurer). Moreover, there is no material 

4 distinction between giving notice through an affidavit attached to a pleading and 

5 sending a letter with the same affidavit attached. The only remaining question is 

6 whether the notice was timely, and we now turn our attention to that question.
14

1 V. Timeliness of the Notice

2 {23} Section 41-4-16(C) of the TCA provides that in a claim for wrongful death, 

3 “the required notice may be presented by, or on behalf of, the personal 

4 representative of the deceased person . . . within six months after the date of the 

5 occurrence of the injury which resulted in the death.” The notice requirement under 

6 the TCA “accrues when the plaintiff knows or should know the relevant facts, 

7 whether or not the plaintiff also knows that these facts are enough to establish a 

8 legal cause of action” Maestas v. Zager, 2007-NMSC-003, ¶¶ 20-21, 141 N.M. 

9 154, 152 P.3d 141.

10 {24} Under Maestas, we conclude UNMH received timely notice. The undisputed 

11 facts show that Shaun’s death on September 29, 1983, followed his receipt of a 

12 LSA2L2 chemotherapy regimen. Ms. Cummings did not discover the facts relevant 

13 to her claim against UNMH until she retained counsel to investigate her potential 

14 wrongful death claim against UNMH arising from the hospital’s treatment of 

15 Shaun and received Shaun’s full medical records, which occurred, at the very 

16 earliest, on the same day Ms. Cummings’ counsel requested Shaun’s full medical 

17 records from UNMH on February 22, 2001. This conclusion is supported by the 

18 affidavit filed by Ms. Cummings in response to UNMH’s motion to dismiss, in 

19 which she stated that at no time during Shaun’s treatment did UNMH inform her 

20 that it did not follow nationally recognized standard protocols for treatment of 
15

1 ALL; at no time between when Shaun passed away in September, 1983 to the 

2 present has UNMH notified her that it failed to follow nationally recognized 

3 protocols for ALL in treating Shaun; and that no one from UNM ever called, 

4 wrote, or otherwise contacted her about Shaun’s treatment at UNMH. Five months 

5 and five days passed between February 22, 2001, and the date on which Cummings 

6 filed the notice affidavit—on July 26, 2001. Therefore, by the time the six-month 

7 period for giving UNMH notice under the TCA expired on August, 22, 2001, the 

8 hospital had already received notice of Plaintiffs’ claims.

9 CONCLUSION

10 {25} The order dismissing Plaintiffs’ claims and entering judgment in favor of 

11 UNMH on grounds that notice of Plaintiffs’ was not provided to UNMH as 

12 required by the TCA is reversed.

13 {26} IT IS SO ORDERED.

14 ______________________________

15 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge

16 WE CONCUR:

17 _____________________________

18 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge

19 _____________________________

20 JULIE J. VARGAS, Judge