§ 685.304 Counseling borrowers. ( a ) *Entrance counseling.* ( 1 ) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(8) of this section, a school must ensure that entrance counseling is conducted with each Direct Subsidized Loan or Direct Unsubsidized Loan student borrower prior to making the first disbursement of the proceeds of a loan to a student borrower unless the student borrower has received a prior Direct Subsidized Loan, Direct Unsubsidized Loan, Subsidized or Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loan, or Federal SLS Loan.
( 2 ) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(8) of this section, a school must ensure that entrance counseling is conducted with each graduate or professional student Direct PLUS Loan borrower prior to making the first disbursement of the loan unless the student borrower has received a prior student Direct PLUS Loan or student Federal PLUS Loan.
( 3 ) Entrance counseling for Direct Subsidized Loan, Direct Unsubsidized Loan, and graduate or professional student Direct PLUS Loan borrowers must provide the borrower with comprehensive information on the terms and conditions of the loan and on the responsibilities of the borrower with respect to the loan. This information may be provided to the borrower— ( i ) During an entrance counseling session, conducted in person;
( ii ) On a separate written form provided to the borrower that the borrower signs and returns to the school; or
( iii ) Online or by interactive electronic means, with the borrower acknowledging receipt of the information. ( A ) Online or by interactive electronic means, with the borrower acknowledging receipt of the information.
( B ) If a standardized interactive electronic tool is used to provide entrance counseling to the borrower, the school must provide to the borrower any elements of the required information that are not addressed through the electronic tool: ( 1 ) In person; or
( 2 ) On a separate written or electronic document provided to the borrower.
( 4 ) If entrance counseling is conducted online or through interactive electronic means, the school must take reasonable steps to ensure that each student borrower receives the counseling materials, and participates in and completes the entrance counseling, which may include completion of any interactive program that tests the borrower's understanding of the terms and conditions of the borrower's loans.
( 5 ) A school must ensure that an individual with expertise in the title IV programs is reasonably available shortly after the counseling to answer the student borrower's questions. As an alternative, in the case of a student borrower enrolled in a correspondence, distance education, or study-abroad program approved for credit at the home institution, the student borrower may be provided with written counseling materials before the loan proceeds are disbursed.
( 6 ) Entrance counseling for Direct Subsidized Loan and Direct Unsubsidized Loan borrowers must— ( i ) Explain the use of a Master Promissory Note (MPN);
( ii ) Emphasize to the borrower the seriousness and importance of the repayment obligation the student borrower is assuming;
( iii ) Describe the likely consequences of default, including adverse credit reports, delinquent debt collection procedures under Federal law, and litigation;
( iv ) Emphasize that the student borrower is obligated to repay the full amount of the loan even if the student borrower does not complete the program, does not complete the program within the regular time for program completion, is unable to obtain employment upon completion, or is otherwise dissatisfied with or does not receive the educational or other services that the student borrower purchased from the school;
( v ) Inform the student borrower of sample monthly repayment amounts based on— ( A ) A range of student levels of indebtedness of Direct Subsidized Loan and Direct Unsubsidized Loan borrowers, or student borrowers with Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, and Direct PLUS Loans depending on the types of loans the borrower has obtained; or
( B ) The average indebtedness of other borrowers in the same program at the same school as the borrower;
( vi ) To the extent practicable, explain the effect of accepting the loan to be disbursed on the eligibility of the borrower for other forms of student financial assistance;
( vii ) Provide information on how interest accrues and is capitalized during periods when the interest is not paid by either the borrower or the Secretary;
( viii ) Inform the borrower of the option to pay the interest on a Direct Unsubsidized Loan while the borrower is in school;
( ix ) Explain the definition of half-time enrollment at the school, during regular terms and summer school, if applicable, and the consequences of not maintaining half-time enrollment;
( x ) Explain the importance of contacting the appropriate offices at the school if the borrower withdraws prior to completing the borrower's program of study so that the school can provide exit counseling, including information regarding the borrower's repayment options and loan consolidation;
( xi ) Provide information on the National Student Loan Data System and how the borrower can access the borrower's records; and
( xii ) Provide the name of and contact information for the individual the borrower may contact if the borrower has any questions about the borrower's rights and responsibilities or the terms and conditions of the loan.
( 7 ) Entrance counseling for graduate or professional student Direct PLUS Loan borrowers must— ( i ) Inform the student borrower of sample monthly repayment amounts based on— ( A ) A range of student levels or indebtedness of graduate or professional student PLUS loan borrowers, of student borrowers with Direct PLUS Loans and Direct Subsidized Loans or Direct Unsubsidized Loans, depending on the types of loans the borrower has obtained; or
( B ) The average indebtedness of other borrowers in the same program at the same school;
( ii ) Inform the borrower of the option to pay interest on a PLUS Loan while the borrower is in school;
( iii ) For a graduate or professional student Direct PLUS Loan borrower who has received a prior Direct Subsidized Loan, Direct Unsubsidized Loan, Subsidized Federal Stafford Loan, or Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loan, provide the information specified in § 685.301(a)(3)(i)(A) through (a)(3)(i)(C); and
( iv ) For a graduate or professional student Direct PLUS Loan borrower who has not received a prior Direct Subsidized Loan, Direct Unsubsidized Loan, Subsidized Federal Stafford Loan, or Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loan, provide the information specified in paragraph (a)(6)(i) through paragraph (a)(6)(xii) of this section.
( 8 ) A school may adopt an alternative approach for entrance counseling as part of the school's quality assurance plan described in § 685.300(b)(9). If a school adopts an alternative approach, it is not required to meet the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this section unless the Secretary determines that the alternative approach is not adequate for the school. The alternative approach must— ( i ) Ensure that each student borrower subject to entrance counseling under paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section is provided written counseling materials that contain the information described in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (a)(6)(v) of this section;
( ii ) Be designed to target those student borrowers who are most likely to default on their repayment obligations and provide them more intensive counseling and support services; and
( iii ) Include performance measures that demonstrate the effectiveness of the school's alternative approach. These performance measures must include objective outcomes, such as levels of borrowing, default rates, and withdrawal rates.
( 9 ) The school must maintain documentation substantiating the school's compliance with this section for each student borrower.
( b ) *Exit counseling.* ( 1 ) A school must ensure that exit counseling is conducted with each Direct Subsidized Loan or Direct Unsubsidized Loan borrower and graduate or professional student Direct PLUS Loan borrower shortly before the student borrower ceases at least half-time study at the school.
( 2 ) The exit counseling must be in person, by audiovisual presentation, or by interactive electronic means. In each case, the school must ensure that an individual with expertise in the title IV programs is reasonably available shortly after the counseling to answer the student borrower's questions. As an alternative, in the case of a student borrower enrolled in a correspondence program or a study-abroad program approved for credit at the home institution, the student borrower may be provided with written counseling materials within 30 days after the student borrower completes the program.
( 3 ) If a student borrower withdraws from school without the school's prior knowledge or fails to complete the exit counseling as required, exit counseling must, within 30 days after the school learns that the student borrower has withdrawn from school or failed to complete the exit counseling as required, be provided either through interactive electronic means, by mailing written counseling materials to the student borrower at the student borrower's last known address, or by sending written counseling materials to an email address provided by the student borrower that is not an email address associated with the school sending the counseling materials.
( 4 ) The exit counseling must— ( i ) Inform the student borrower of the average anticipated monthly repayment amount based on the student borrower's indebtedness or on the average indebtedness of student borrowers who have obtained Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans, student borrowers who have obtained only Direct PLUS Loans, or student borrowers who have obtained Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, and Direct PLUS Loans, depending on the types of loans the student borrower has obtained, for attendance at the same school or in the same program of study at the same school;
( ii ) Review for the student borrower available repayment plan options including the standard repayment, extended repayment, graduated repayment, income-contingent repayment, and income-based repayment plans, including a description of the different features of each plan and sample information showing the average anticipated monthly payments, and the difference in interest paid and total payments under each plan;
( iii ) Explain to the borrower the options to prepay each loan, to pay each loan on a shorter schedule, and to change repayment plans;
( iv ) Provide information on the effects of loan consolidation including, at a minimum— ( A ) The effects of consolidation on total interest to be paid, fees to be paid, and length of repayment;
( B ) The effects of consolidation on a borrower's underlying loan benefits, including grace periods, loan forgiveness, cancellation, and deferment opportunities;
( C ) The options of the borrower to prepay the loan and to change repayment plans; and
( D ) That borrower benefit programs may vary among different lenders;
( v ) Include debt-management strategies that are designed to facilitate repayment;
( vi ) Explain to the student borrower how to contact the party servicing the student borrower's Direct Loans;
( vii ) Meet the requirements described in paragraphs (a)(6)(i), (a)(6)(ii), and (a)(6)(iv) of this section;
( viii ) Describe the likely consequences of default, including adverse credit reports, delinquent debt collection procedures under Federal law, and litigation;
( ix ) Provide— ( A ) A general description of the terms and conditions under which a borrower may obtain full or partial forgiveness or discharge of principal and interest, defer repayment of principal or interest, or be granted forbearance on a title IV loan; and
( B ) A copy, either in print or by electronic means, of the information the Secretary makes available pursuant to section 485(d) of the HEA;
( x ) Review for the student borrower information on the availability of the Department's Student Loan Ombudsman's office;
( xi ) Inform the student borrower of the availability of title IV loan information in the National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS) and how NSLDS can be used to obtain title IV loan status information;
( xii ) A general description of the types of tax benefits that may be available to borrowers; and
( xiii ) Require the student borrower to provide current information concerning name, address, social security number, references, and driver's license number and State of issuance, as well as the student borrower's expected permanent address, the address of the student borrower's next of kin, and the name and address of the student borrower's expected employer (if known).
( 5 ) The school must ensure that the information required in paragraph (b)(4)(xiii) of this section is provided to the Secretary within 60 days after the student borrower provides the information.
( 6 ) If exit counseling is conducted through interactive electronic means, a school must take reasonable steps to ensure that each student borrower receives the counseling materials, and participates in and completes the exit counseling.
( 7 ) The school must maintain documentation substantiating the school's compliance with this section for each student borrower.
( 8 ) ( i ) For students who have received loans under both the FFEL Program and the Direct Loan Program for attendance at a school, the school's compliance with the exit counseling requirements in paragraph (b) of this section satisfies the exit counseling requirements in 34 CFR 682.604(a) if the school ensures that the exit counseling also provides the borrower with the information described in 34 CFR 682.604(a)(2)(i) and (ii).
( ii ) A student's completion of electronic interactive exit counseling offered by the Secretary satisfies the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section and, for students who have also received FFEL Program loans for attendance at the school, 34 CFR 682.604(a).
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1845-0021) [74 FR 55666, Oct. 28, 2009, as amended at 78 FR 28986, May 16, 2013; 78 FR 65841, Nov. 1, 2013; 84 FR 49933, Sept. 23, 2019; 86 FR 31438, June 14, 2021; 87 FR 66068, Nov. 1, 2022]