§ 300.647 Determining significant disproportionality. ( a ) *Definitions.* ( 1 ) *Alternate risk ratio* is a calculation performed by dividing the risk of a particular outcome for children in one racial or ethnic group within an LEA by the risk of that outcome for children in all other racial or ethnic groups in the State.
( 2 ) *Comparison group* consists of the children in all other racial or ethnic groups within an LEA or within the State, when reviewing a particular racial or ethnic group within an LEA for significant disproportionality.
( 3 ) *Minimum cell size* is the minimum number of children experiencing a particular outcome, to be used as the numerator when calculating either the risk for a particular racial or ethnic group or the risk for children in all other racial or ethnic groups.
( 4 ) *Minimum n-size* is the minimum number of children enrolled in an LEA with respect to identification, and the minimum number of children with disabilities enrolled in an LEA with respect to placement and discipline, to be used as the denominator when calculating either the risk for a particular racial or ethnic group or the risk for children in all other racial or ethnic groups.
( 5 ) *Risk* is the likelihood of a particular outcome (identification, placement, or disciplinary removal) for a specified racial or ethnic group (or groups), calculated by dividing the number of children from a specified racial or ethnic group (or groups) experiencing that outcome by the total number of children from that racial or ethnic group or groups enrolled in the LEA.
( 6 ) *Risk ratio* is a calculation performed by dividing the risk of a particular outcome for children in one racial or ethnic group within an LEA by the risk for children in all other racial and ethnic groups within the LEA.
( 7 ) *Risk ratio threshold* is a threshold, determined by the State, over which disproportionality based on race or ethnicity is significant under § 300.646(a) and (b).
( b ) *Significant disproportionality determinations.* In determining whether significant disproportionality exists in a State or LEA under § 300.646(a) and (b)— ( 1 ) ( i ) The State must set a: ( A ) Reasonable risk ratio threshold;
( B ) Reasonable minimum cell size;
( C ) Reasonable minimum n-size; and
( D ) Standard for measuring reasonable progress if a State uses the flexibility described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
( ii ) The State may, but is not required to, set the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section at different levels for each of the categories described in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
( iii ) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section: ( A ) Must be based on advice from stakeholders, including State Advisory Panels, as provided under section 612(a)(21)(D)(iii) of the Act; and
( B ) Are subject to monitoring and enforcement for reasonableness by the Secretary consistent with section 616 of the Act.
( iv ) When monitoring for reasonableness under paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(B) of this section, the Department finds that the following are presumptively reasonable: ( A ) A minimum cell size under paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this section no greater than 10; and
( B ) A minimum n-size under paragraph (b)(1)(i)(C) of this section no greater than 30.
( 2 ) The State must apply the risk ratio threshold or thresholds determined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section to risk ratios or alternate risk ratios, as appropriate, in each category described in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section and the following racial and ethnic groups: ( i ) Hispanic/Latino of any race; and, for individuals who are non-Hispanic/Latino only;
( ii ) American Indian or Alaska Native;
( iii ) Asian;
( iv ) Black or African American;
( v ) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander;
( vi ) White; and
( vii ) Two or more races.
( 3 ) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(5) and (c) of this section, the State must calculate the risk ratio for each LEA, for each racial and ethnic group in paragraph (b)(2) of this section with respect to: ( i ) The identification of children ages 3 through 21 as children with disabilities; and
( ii ) The identification of children ages 3 through 21 as children with the following impairments: ( A ) Intellectual disabilities;
( B ) Specific learning disabilities;
( C ) Emotional disturbance;
( D ) Speech or language impairments;
( E ) Other health impairments; and
( F ) Autism.
( 4 ) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(5) and (c) of this section, the State must calculate the risk ratio for each LEA, for each racial and ethnic group in paragraph (b)(2) of this section with respect to the following placements into particular educational settings, including disciplinary removals: ( i ) For children with disabilities ages 6 through 21, inside a regular class less than 40 percent of the day;
( ii ) For children with disabilities ages 6 through 21, inside separate schools and residential facilities, not including homebound or hospital settings, correctional facilities, or private schools;
( iii ) For children with disabilities ages 3 through 21, out-of-school suspensions and expulsions of 10 days or fewer;
( iv ) For children with disabilities ages 3 through 21, out-of-school suspensions and expulsions of more than 10 days;
( v ) For children with disabilities ages 3 through 21, in-school suspensions of 10 days or fewer;
( vi ) For children with disabilities ages 3 through 21, in-school suspensions of more than 10 days; and
( vii ) For children with disabilities ages 3 through 21, disciplinary removals in total, including in-school and out-of-school suspensions, expulsions, removals by school personnel to an interim alternative education setting, and removals by a hearing officer.
( 5 ) The State must calculate an alternate risk ratio with respect to the categories described in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section if the comparison group in the LEA does not meet the minimum cell size or the minimum n-size.
( 6 ) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, the State must identify as having significant disproportionality based on race or ethnicity under § 300.646(a) and (b) any LEA that has a risk ratio or alternate risk ratio for any racial or ethnic group in any of the categories described in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section that exceeds the risk ratio threshold set by the State for that category.
( 7 ) The State must report all risk ratio thresholds, minimum cell sizes, minimum n-sizes, and standards for measuring reasonable progress selected under paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section, and the rationales for each, to the Department at a time and in a manner determined by the Secretary. Rationales for minimum cell sizes and minimum n-sizes not presumptively reasonable under paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section must include a detailed explanation of why the numbers chosen are reasonable and how they ensure that the State is appropriately analyzing and identifying LEAs with significant disparities, based on race and ethnicity, in the identification, placement, or discipline of children with disabilities.
( c ) *Exception.* A State is not required to calculate a risk ratio or alternate risk ratio, as outlined in paragraphs (b)(3), (4), and (5) of this section, to determine significant disproportionality if: ( 1 ) The particular racial or ethnic group being analyzed does not meet the minimum cell size or minimum n-size; or
( 2 ) In calculating the alternate risk ratio under paragraph (b)(5) of this section, the comparison group in the State does not meet the minimum cell size or minimum n-size.
( d ) *Flexibility.* A State is not required to identify an LEA as having significant disproportionality based on race or ethnicity under § 300.646(a) and (b) until— ( 1 ) The LEA has exceeded a risk ratio threshold set by the State for a racial or ethnic group in a category described in paragraph (b)(3) or (4) of this section for up to three prior consecutive years preceding the identification; and
( 2 ) The LEA has exceeded the risk ratio threshold and has failed to demonstrate reasonable progress, as determined by the State, in lowering the risk ratio or alternate risk ratio for the group and category in each of the two prior consecutive years.
(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1418(d).)
[81 FR 92463, Dec. 19, 2016]