69–006 

114TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session 114–832 

ALASKA NATIVE VETERANS LAND ALLOTMENT EQUITY 

ACT 

NOVEMBER 22, 2016.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 

State of the Union and ordered to be printed 

Mr. BISHOP of Utah, from the Committee on Natural Resources, 

submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

together with 

ADDITIONAL VIEWS 

[To accompany H.R. 2387] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Natural Resources, to whom was referred the 

bill (H.R. 2387) to amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 

to provide for equitable allotment of land to Alaska Native veterans, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with 

an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. 

The amendment is as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity 

Act’’. 

SEC. 2. CLARIFICATION REGARDING OCCUPANCY OF NATIVE ALLOTMENTS IN NATIONAL 

FORESTS. 

Section 18(a) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1617(a)) is 

amended— 

(1) by striking ‘‘(a) No Native’’ and inserting the following: 

‘‘(a) REVOCATION.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—No Native’’; 

(2) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘Further, the’’ and inserting the following: 

‘‘(2) REPEAL.—The’’; 

(3) in the third sentence, by striking ‘‘Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, any’’ and inserting the following: 

‘‘(3) APPLICATIONS FOR ALLOTMENT.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), any’’; and 


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(4) in paragraph (3) (as designated by paragraph (3)), by adding at the end 

the following: 

‘‘(B) CERTAIN APPLICATIONS APPROVED.—Any allotment application pending before the Department of the Interior on December 18, 1971, that was 

closed by the Department pursuant to the civil action styled ‘Shields v. 

United States’ (698 F.2d 987 (9th Cir. 1983), cert. denied (104 S. Ct. 73 

(1983))) shall be reopened and considered to be approved pursuant to this 

paragraph.’’. 

SEC. 3. OPEN SEASON FOR CERTAIN ALASKA NATIVE VETERANS FOR ALLOTMENTS. 

Section 41 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1629g) is 

amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)— 

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ‘‘IN GENERAL’’ and inserting 

‘‘ALASKA NATIVE VETERAN ALLOTMENTS’’; 

(B) by striking paragraphs (1) through (4) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(1) ALLOTMENTS.— 

‘‘(A) ELIGIBLE RECIPIENTS.—Any person described in paragraph (1) or (2) 

of subsection (b) shall be eligible to receive an allotment under the Act of 

May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 197, chapter 2469) (as in effect before December 18, 

1971), of not more than 2 parcels of Federal land, the total area of which 

shall not exceed 160 acres. Any person described in paragraph (1) and (2) 

of subsection (b) who, prior to the date on which the Secretary promulgates 

regulations pursuant to section 4 of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, received an allotment that has a total area of less than 

160 acres shall be eligible to receive an allotment under the Act of May 17, 

1906 (34 Stat. 197, chapter 2469) (as in effect before December 18, 1971), 

of not more than 1 parcel of Federal land, the total area of which shall not 

exceed the difference in acres between 160 acres and the total area of the 

allotment that the person previously received under the Act. 

‘‘(B) FILING DEADLINE.—An allotment shall be filed for an eligible recipient not later than 3 years after the date on which the Secretary promulgates regulations pursuant to section 4 of the Alaska Native Veterans Land 

Allotment Equity Act. 

‘‘(2) LAND AVAILABLE FOR ALLOTMENTS.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (C), an allotment under this 

section shall be selected from land that is— 

‘‘(i)(I) vacant; and 

‘‘(II) owned by the United States; 

‘‘(ii) selected by, or conveyed to, the State of Alaska, if the State voluntarily relinquishes or conveys to the United States the land for the 

allotment; or 

‘‘(iii) selected by, or conveyed to, a Native Corporation, if the Native 

Corporation voluntarily relinquishes or conveys to the United States 

the land for the allotment. 

‘‘(B) RELINQUISHMENT BY NATIVE CORPORATION.—If a Native Corporation 

relinquishes land under subparagraph (A)(iii), the Native Corporation may 

select appropriate Federal land, as determined by the Secretary, the area 

of which is equal to the area of the land relinquished by the Native Corporation, to replace the relinquished land. 

‘‘(C) EXCLUSIONS.—An allotment under this section shall not be selected 

from land that is located within— 

‘‘(i) a right-of-way of the TransAlaska Pipeline; 

‘‘(ii) an inner or outer corridor of such a right-of-way; or 

‘‘(iii) a unit of the National Park System, a National Preserve, or a 

National Monument. 

‘‘(3) ALTERNATIVE ALLOTMENTS.—A person described in paragraph (1) or (2) of 

subsection (b) who qualifies for an allotment under this section on land described in paragraph (2)(C) may select an alternative allotment from land that 

is— 

‘‘(A) located within the boundaries of land described in paragraph (2)(C); 

‘‘(B)(i)(I) withdrawn under section 11(a)(1)(C); and 

‘‘(II) not selected, or relinquished after selection, under section 11(a)(3); 

‘‘(ii) contiguous to an outer boundary of land withdrawn under section 

11(a)(1)(C); or 

‘‘(iii) vacant, unappropriated, and unreserved; and 

‘‘(C) not a unit of the National Park System, a National Preserve, or a 

National Monument.’’; and 


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(C) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; 

(2) in subsection (b)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(B) is a veteran who served during the period beginning on August 5, 1964, 

and ending on May 7, 1975.’’; 

(B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(2) DECEASED PERSONS.—If an individual who would otherwise have been eligible for an allotment under this section dies before applying for an allotment, 

an heir of the person may apply for, and receive, an allotment under this section, on behalf of the estate of the person.’’; and 

(C) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(3) LIMITATIONS.—No person who received an allotment or has a pending allotment under the Act of May 17, 1906, may receive an allotment under this 

section, other than— 

‘‘(A) an heir who applies for, and receives, an allotment on behalf of the 

estate of a deceased person under paragraph (2); and 

‘‘(B) a person who, prior to the date on which the Secretary promulgates 

regulations pursuant to section 4 of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, received an allotment under the Act of May 17, 1906 (34 

Stat. 197, chapter 2469), that has a total area of less than 160 acres.’’; 

(3) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections (f) and (g), respectively; 

(4) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: 

‘‘(d) APPROVAL OF ALLOTMENTS.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to any valid right in existence on the date of enactment of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, and except as 

provided in paragraph (3), not later than December 31, 2020, the Secretary 

shall— 

‘‘(A) approve any application for an allotment filed in accordance with 

subsection (a); and 

‘‘(B) issue a certificate of allotment under such terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. 

‘‘(2) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than December 31, 2017, on receipt of an application for an allotment under this section, the Secretary shall provide to any 

person or entity that has an interest in land described in subsection (a)(2) that 

is potentially adverse to the interest of the applicant a notice of the right of the 

person or entity, by not later than 90 days after the date of receipt of the notice— 

‘‘(A) to initiate a private contest of the allotment; or 

‘‘(B) to file a protest against the allotment in accordance with procedures 

established by the Secretary. 

‘‘(3) ACTION BY SECRETARY.—If a private contest or protest relating to an application for an allotment is initiated or filed under paragraph (2), the Secretary 

shall not issue a certificate for the allotment under paragraph (1)(B) until a 

final determination has been made with respect to the private contest or protest. 

‘‘(e) RESELECTION.—A person that selected an allotment under this section may 

withdraw that selection and reselect land in accordance with this section after the 

date of enactment of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, if the 

land originally selected— 

‘‘(1) was selected before the date of enactment of the Alaska Native Veterans 

Land Allotment Equity Act; and 

‘‘(2) as of the date of enactment of that Act, was not conveyed to the person.’’; 

and 

(5) by striking subsection (f), as designated by paragraph (3) and inserting: 

‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—For the purposes of this section: 

‘‘(1) The term ‘veteran’ means a person who served in the active military, 

naval, or air service, and who was discharged or released therefrom. 

‘‘(2) The term ‘Vietnam era’ has the meaning given the term by paragraph 

(29) of section 101 of title 38.’’. 

SEC. 4. REGULATIONS. 

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

the Interior shall promulgate, after consultation with Alaska Native organizations, 

final regulations to carry out the amendments made by this Act. During the consultation process, the Secretary shall, in coordination with Alaska Native organizations and to the greatest extent possible, identify persons who are eligible to receive 


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1 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. ‘‘American Indian and Alaska Native Veterans: Lasting 

Contributions.’’ September 2006. 2 34 Stat. 197, as amended, repealed December 1971. 

3 43 U.S.C. 1617 et seq. 

4See Public Law 105–276, the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999. 5 U.S. Department of the Interior: A Report Concerning Open Season for Certain Native Alaska 

Veterans for Allotments, June 1997. 

an allotment under section 3 of this Act. Upon promulgation of the final regulations, 

the Secretary shall contact each of these persons directly to provide an explanation 

of the process by which the person may apply for an allotment under section 3 of 

this Act. 

PURPOSE OF THE BILL

The purpose of H.R. 2387 is to amend the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act to provide for equitable allotment of land to Alaska 

Native veterans. 

BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

It is well known that per capita, American Indian and Alaska 

Natives have served at a higher rate in the United States Armed 

Forces than other ethnic groups.1 During the Vietnam War, which 

officially lasted from 1964–1975, approximately 2,800 Alaska Natives served in the military during the conflict. Unfortunately, due 

to their service to the United States, many of these veterans were 

unable exercise their right to apply for their Native land allotments 

under the Alaska Native Allotment Act 2 prior to the enactment of 

the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 3 (ANCSA), which 

repealed the Native Allotment Act. 

In 1998, Congress enacted legislation to provide Alaska Native 

Vietnam veterans an additional opportunity to obtain an allotment 

of up to 160 acres of land (in one or two parcels) under the Native 

Allotment Act.4

Three major obstacles to this goal emerged, preventing many 

Alaska Native Vietnam veterans from selecting and obtaining their 

allotments. First, Alaska Native Vietnam veterans were able to 

apply only for land that had been vacant, unappropriated, and unreserved at the time their use of such land first began. Second, 

Alaska Native Vietnam veterans could apply only if they had 

served in active military duty from January 1, 1969, to December 

31, 1971, despite the Vietnam conflict beginning and ending before 

and after this period. Third, such veterans were required to prove 

they had been using the allotment for which they applied in a substantially continuous and independent manner, at least potentially 

exclusive of others, for five or more years. This requirement was 

not in the original Native Allotment Act, nor was it required of 

other Alaska Native allotment applicants. Furthermore, adjudication of use and occupancy issues could take years and be very costly. 

These and several factors supporting the need for H.R. 2387 are 

explained in the Department of the Interior’s study on Alaska Native Veterans for Allotments as required by Public Law 105–276.5

H.R. 2387 aims to increase the available land for allotments for 

Alaska Native Vietnam veterans by authorizing them to apply for 

land that is federally owned and vacant. The lack of available land 

under existing law nullifies the very purpose of granting Alaska 


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Native Vietnam veterans an allotment benefit. Most land in Alaska 

is not available for Alaska Native Vietnam veteran allotment applications under existing law. For example, there is virtually no land 

available in southeast Alaska because such land is located within 

the Tongass National Forest or other federal reservations or conservation units, or it has been selected or conveyed to the State of 

Alaska or ANCSA Native Corporations or other individuals and entities through the operation of various public lands laws. 

H.R. 2387 will also expand the military service dates by which 

Native veterans become eligible to apply for an allotment to coincide with the entire Vietnam conflict: August 5, 1964, through May 

7, 1975. The expansion of military service dates to include all Alaska Natives who served in the military during the Vietnam conflict 

is consistent with the federal government’s policy of providing benefits to veterans of the Vietnam War. The federal government has 

given public land benefits to veterans (or their widows or heirs) of 

every war beginning with the Indian Wars of 1790 and ending with 

the Korean conflict in 1955. Incidentally, Alaska Native veterans 

were not eligible for these public land benefits until 1924 because 

the courts had determined Alaska Natives were not United States 

citizens. 

H.R. 2387 would extend the deadline of the allotment application 

to three years after the Secretary of the Interior issues final regulations under section 4 of the bill. It also would correct the dates 

by which the Secretary of the Interior approves the allotments to 

accommodate the extension of the application process for Alaska 

Native Vietnam veterans. 

H.R. 2387 would also assure ANCSA Regional and Village Corporations that if an Alaska Native Vietnam veteran made his or 

her allotment selection within lands selected (and not yet conveyed) 

to those Corporations, the Corporation’s lands entitlement would 

remain intact. 

The bill would prohibit an Alaska Native Vietnam veteran from 

selecting lands within the right-of-way granted for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline or the inner and outer corridor of that right-of-way 

withdrawal. It also would prohibit an applicant from selecting land 

from a unit of the National Park System, a National Preserve, or 

a National Monument. 

H.R. 2387 would also allow a veteran who made an allotment selection prior to enactment of the bill to withdraw that selection and 

reselect lands if the selected land was not conveyed to that person 

prior to enactment of the bill. 

COMMITTEE ACTION

H.R. 2387 was introduced on May 15, 2015, by Congressman Don 

Young (R–AK). The bill was referred to the Committee on Natural 

Resources, and within the Committee to the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs. On June 10, 2015, the 

Subcommittee held a hearing on the bill. On September 21, 2016, 

the Natural Resources Committee met to consider the bill. The 

Subcommittee was discharged by unanimous consent. Congressman 

Don Young (R–AK) offered an amendment designated #1; it was 

adopted by voice vote. No further amendments were offered and 

the bill, as amended, was ordered favorably reported to the House 

of Representatives by voice vote on September 22, 2016. 


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COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Regarding clause 2(b)(1) of rule X and clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII 

of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Committee on 

Natural Resources’ oversight findings and recommendations are reflected in the body of this report. 

COMPLIANCE WITH HOUSE RULE XIII 

1. Cost of Legislation and Section 308(a) of the Congressional 

Budget Act. With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) and 

(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and 

sections 308(a) and 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, 

the Committee has received the enclosed cost estimate for the bill 

from the Director of the Congressional Budget Office: 

U.S. CONGRESS, 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, 

Washington, DC, November 18, 2016. 

Hon. ROB BISHOP, 

Chairman, Committee on Natural Resources, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 2387, the Alaska Native 

Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Robert Reese. 

Sincerely, 

KEITH HALL. 

Enclosure. 

H.R. 2387—Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act 

Summary: H.R. 2387 would amend the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act to provide certain Alaska Natives or their heirs the 

opportunity to apply for allotments of land in the state. The bill 

also would require that some previously rejected applications for allotments of land in national forests in Alaska be reopened. 

CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2387 would cost $50 million over the 2017–2021 period and $80 million after 2021, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. 

Enacting H.R. 2387 would affect direct spending; therefore, payas-you-go procedures apply. However, CBO expects that net 

changes in direct spending would be insignificant in any year and 

over the 2017–2026 period. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues. 

CBO estimates that enacting the legislation would not increase 

net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2027. 

H.R. 2387 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) 

and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated budgetary effect of H.R. 2387 is shown in the following table. The costs 

of this legislation fall within budget function 450 (community and 

regional development) and 300 (natural resources and environment). 


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6 Under the bill, people could apply for and be allotted land that is owned by the state of Alaska or Alaska Native Corporations if the state or relevant corporations voluntarily convey the 

land to the United States. If an Alaska Native Corporation gives up certain land the bill would 

allow the corporation to replace such land with other federal land of an equal size. The bill 

would not allow the state the same authority to swap land. 

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars— 

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017– 

2021 

INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION 

Allotments to Alaska Native Veterans: 

Estimated Authorization Level ................................. 2 2 3 8 15 30 

Estimated Outlays ................................................... 2 2 3 8 15 30 

Allotment Applications Claiming Ancestral Land Use: 

Estimated Authorization Level ................................. 1 3 3 5 8 20 

Estimated Outlays ................................................... 1 3 3 5 8 20 

Total Increases: 

Estimated Authorization Level ........................ 3 5 6 13 23 50 

Estimated Outlays .......................................... 3 5 6 13 23 50 

Basis of estimate: CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2387 

would increase administrative costs for the Department of the Interior (DOI) to review and approve applications for allotments of 

land. For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 2387 will be enacted near the end of 2016, that the estimated amounts will be provided each year, and that outlays will follow historical patterns of 

spending for similar activities. 

Allotments to Alaska Native veterans 

H.R. 2387 would authorize DOI to grant allotments of up to 160 

acres of vacant, federally owned land in Alaska to Alaska Natives 

who served in the armed forces between August 5, 1964, and May 

7, 1975, or the heirs of such veterans who are deceased. Any such 

land could not be located within a national park, a national preserve, a national monument, or a right-of-way of the TransAlaska 

Pipeline. The bill also would allow certain other Alaska Native people and organizations with existing allotments to withdraw those 

allotments and select other lands instead. Under the bill, eligible 

people would not be required to have personally used the land for 

which they submit applications. 

Based on an analysis of information from DOI, CBO estimates 

that approximately 2,100 veterans or their heirs would be eligible 

to apply for allotments under H.R. 2387. Based on historical application rates for such allotments, CBO expects that about 70 percent of eligible people (or about 1,500 people) would submit applications for allotments totaling about 240,000 acres of land. Eligible 

people would have three years from the time final regulations are 

published to file an application for an allotment. Accordingly, CBO 

expects that the majority of allotments would not begin to be processed until 2020. Based on DOI’s historical spending patterns for 

the administration of land allotments in Alaska, CBO estimates 

that reviewing applications, acquiring lands that are not federally 

owned, and completing necessary land surveys prior to allotment 

would take between 10 and 13 years, and would cost $30 million 

over the 2017–2021 period and $60 million after 2021.6 Such 

spending would be subject to appropriation. 

The majority of those costs would stem from the need to travel 

to remote areas of Alaska to complete surveys of the land to be alVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:22 Nov 26, 2016 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR832.XXX HR832

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lotted. Based on an analysis of information from DOI, CBO estimates that travel to and survey of federally owned lands would cost 

$14 million over the 2017–2021 period and $20 million after 2021. 

Furthermore, based on information from DOI, CBO expects that 

about half of the applicants would seek land that is not currently 

federally owned and that land would need to be acquired from the 

State of Alaska or Native Corporations before it could be allotted 

to applicants. That process would require additional fieldwork and 

paperwork, including multiple physical surveys of the land, which 

CBO estimates would cost $10 million over the five-year period, 

and $30 million after 2021. Finally, CBO also expects that DOI 

would need to hire eight additional employees and conduct additional work at its headquarters and at regional offices in Alaska to 

implement H.R. 2387. CBO estimates that those additional efforts 

would cost $6 million over the 2017–2021 period and $9 million 

after 2021. 

Allotment applications claiming ancestral land use 

H.R. 2387 also would reopen certain previously rejected applications for allotments of land under the Alaska Native Allotment Act 

of 1906. Affected applications include all those that were rejected 

because applicants claimed a right to the land on the basis that 

their ancestors had used the land, rather than on the basis that 

the applicants had personally used the land. Under the bill, eligible 

people could apply for allotments of up to 160 acres of certain types 

of federal land as specified in the bill, including lands located within national forests. 

The number of people who would be eligible to apply for allotments under this provision is uncertain. According to DOI, approximately 1,000 previously rejected applications would be automatically reopened under the bill. In addition, based on an analysis of 

information from DOI, CBO estimates that the provision could 

make up to 1,800 additional people newly eligible for allotments of 

land on the basis of ancestral land use. CBO has no basis for predicting how many of this additional group of people would apply for 

allotments; for the purpose of this estimate, we assume that half 

of them would apply for allotments under H.R. 2387, for a total of 

1,900 new applications under the bill. CBO expects that those 

1,900 applicants would be awarded lands in the Tongass or Chugach National Forests totaling approximately 300,000 acres, that 

all such applications would be received within two years of enacting H.R. 2387, and that the majority of allotments would begin to 

be processed in 2019. Based on historical spending for administrative costs related to allotting lands in Alaska, CBO estimates that 

completing those transactions would take 10 years, cost $20 million 

over the 2017–2021 period, and $20 million after 2021, assuming 

appropriation of the necessary amounts. Such costs would primarily cover expenses for federal staff to travel to, survey, and prepare environmental assessments of land to be allotted. 

Pay-As-You-Go considerations: The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act 

of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures 

for legislation affecting direct spending and revenues. CBO expects 

that some of the lands in the Tongass and Chugach National Forests that would be allotted to Alaska Natives under H.R. 2387 will, 

under current law, generate income from the sale of timber. As a 


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result, CBO estimates that enacting the bill would reduce offsetting 

receipts, which would be equivalent to an increase in direct spending. Based on an analysis of information provided by the Forest 

Service, CBO estimates that such forgone receipts would total $1 

million over the 2017–2026 period. However, because the Forest 

Service can spend a portion of timber receipts without further appropriation action, CBO estimates that any such forgone receipts 

would be largely offset by a corresponding reduction in direct 

spending, resulting in no significant net effect on direct spending 

in any year and over the 10-year period. 

Increase in long-term direct spending and deficits: CBO estimates that enacting the legislation would not increase net direct 

spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10- 

year periods beginning in 2027. 

Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: H.R. 2387 contains 

no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in 

UMRA and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Robert Reese; Impact on 

State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Jon Sperl; Impact on the 

Private Sector: Amy Petz. 

Estimate approved by: H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant 

Director for Budget Analysis. 

2. General Performance Goals and Objectives. As required by 

clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII, the general performance goal or objective 

of this bill is to amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 

to provide for equitable allotment of land to Alaska Native veterans. 

EARMARK STATEMENT

This bill does not contain any Congressional earmarks, limited 

tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined under clause 9(e), 

9(f), and 9(g) of rule XXI of the Rules of the House of Representatives. 

COMPLIANCE WITH PUBLIC LAW 104–4 

This bill contains no unfunded mandates. 

COMPLIANCE WITH H. RES. 5 

Directed Rule Making. The Chairman believes that this bill directs the Secretary of the Interior to conduct one specific rule-making proceeding. 

Duplication of Existing Programs. This bill does not establish or 

reauthorize a program of the federal government known to be duplicative of another program. Such program was not included in 

any report from the Government Accountability Office to Congress 

pursuant to section 21 of Public Law 111–139 or identified in the 

most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance published pursuant to the Federal Program Information Act (Public Law 95–220, 

as amended by Public Law 98–169) as relating to other programs. 

PREEMPTION OF STATE, LOCAL OR TRIBAL LAW

This bill is not intended to preempt any State, local or tribal law. 


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CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, 

and existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in 

roman): 

ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT 

* * * * * * * 

REVOCATION OF INDIAN ALLOTMENT AUTHORITY IN ALASKA

SEC. 18. ø(a) No Native¿ (a) REVOCATION.— (1) IN GENERAL.—No Native covered by the provisions of this 

Act, and no descendant of his, may hereafter avail himself of 

an allotment under the provisions of the Act of February 8, 

1887 (24 Stat. 389), as amended and supplemented, or the Act 

of June 25, 1910 (36 Stat. 363). øFurther, the¿ 

(2) REPEAL.—The Act of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 197), as 

amended, is hereby repealed. øNotwithstanding the foregoing 

provisions of this section, any¿ 

(3) APPLICATIONS FOR ALLOTMENT.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and 

(2), any application for an allotment that is pending before 

the Department of the Interior on the date of enactment 

of this Act may, at the option of the Native applicant, be 

approved and a patent issued in accordance with said 

1887, 1910, or 1906 Act, as the case may be, in which 

event the Native shall not be eligible for a patent under 

subsection 14(h)(5) of this Act. 

(B) CERTAIN APPLICATIONS APPROVED.—Any allotment 

application pending before the Department of the Interior 

on December 18, 1971, that was closed by the Department 

pursuant to the civil action styled ‘‘Shields v. United 

States’’ (698 F.2d 987 (9th Cir. 1983), cert. denied (104 S. 

Ct. 73 (1983))) shall be reopened and considered to be approved pursuant to this paragraph. 

(b) Any allotments approved pursuant to this section during the 

four years following enactment of this Act shall be charged against 

the two million acre grant provided for in subsection 14(h). 

(c)(1)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an allotment applicant, who had a valid application pending before the Department of the Interior on December 18, 1971, and whose application remains pending as of the date of enactment of this subsection, 

may amend the land description in the application of the applicant 

(with the advice and approval of the responsible officer of the Bureau of Indian Affairs) to describe land other than the land that 

the applicant originally intended to claim if— 

(i) the application pending before the Department, either describes land selected by, tentatively approved to, or patented to 

the State of Alaska or otherwise conflicts with an interest in 

land granted to the State of Alaska by the United States prior 

to the filing of the allotment application; 


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11 

(ii) the amended land description describes land selected by, 

tentatively approved to, or patented to the State of Alaska of 

approximately equal acreage in substitution for the land described in the original application; and 

(iii) the Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources for the State of Alaska, acting under the authority of 

State law, has agreed to reconvey or relinquish to the United 

States the land, or interest in land, described in the amended 

application. 

(B) If an application pending before the Department of the Interior as described in subparagraph (A) describes land selected by, 

but not tentatively approved to or patented to, the State of Alaska, 

the concurrence of the Secretary of the Interior shall be required 

in order for an application to proceed under this section. 

(2)(A) The Secretary shall accept reconveyance or relinquishment 

from the State of Alaska of the land described in an amended application pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), except where the land described in the amended application is State-owned land within the 

boundaries of a conservation system unit as defined in the Alaska 

National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Upon acceptance, the 

Secretary shall issue a Native Allotment certificate to the applicant 

for the land reconveyed or relinquished by the State of Alaska to 

the United States. 

(B) The Secretary shall adjust the computation of the acreage 

charged against the land entitlement of the State of Alaska to ensure that this subsection will not cause the State to receive either 

more or less than its full land entitlement under section 6 of the 

Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the admission of the State of 

Alaska into the Union’’, approved July 7, 1958 (commonly referred 

to as the ‘‘Alaska Statehood Act’’), and section 906 of the Alaska 

National Interest Lands Conservation Act (43 U.S.C. 1635). If the 

State retains any part of the fee estate, the State shall remain 

charged with the acreage. 

(d)(1) If an allotment application is valid or would have been approved under section 905 of the Alaska National Interests Lands 

Conservation Act (43 U.S.C. 1634) had the land described in the 

application been in Federal ownership on December 2, 1980, the 

Secretary may correct a conveyance to a Native Corporation or to 

the State that includes land described in the allotment application 

to exclude the described allotment land with the written concurrence of the Native Corporation or the State. 

(2) A written concurrence shall— 

(A) include a finding that the land description proposed by 

the Secretary is acceptable; and 

(B) attest that the Native Corporation or the State has not— 

(i) granted any third party rights or taken any other action that would affect the ability of the United States to 

convey full title under the Act of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 

197, chapter 2469); and 

(ii) stored or allowed the deposit of hazardous waste on 

the land. 

(3) On receipt of an acceptable written concurrence, the Secretary, shall— 

(A) issue a corrected conveyance document to the State or 

Native Corporation, as appropriate; and 


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(B) issue a certificate of allotment to the allotment applicant. 

(4) No documents of reconveyance from the State or an Alaska 

Native Corporation or evidence of title, other than the written concurrence and attestation described in paragraph (2), are necessary 

to use the procedures authorized by this subsection. 

(e)(1) An allotment applicant who had an application pending before the Department of the Interior on December 18, 1971, and 

whose application is still open on the records of the Department of 

the Interior as of the date of enactment of this subsection may revise the land description in the application to describe land other 

than the land that the applicant originally intended to claim if— 

(A) the application— 

(i) describes land selected by or conveyed by interim conveyance or patent to a Native Corporation formed to receive benefits under this Act; or 

(ii) otherwise conflicts with an interest in land granted 

to a Native Corporation by the United States; 

(B) the revised land description describes land selected by or 

conveyed by interim conveyance or patent to a Native Corporation of approximately equal acreage in substitution for the land 

described in the original application; 

(C) the Director of the Bureau of Land Management has not 

adopted a final plan of survey for the final entitlement of the 

Native Corporation or its successor in interest; and 

(D) the Native Corporation that selected the land or its successor in interest provides a corporate resolution authorizing 

reconveyance or relinquishment to the United States of the 

land, or interest in land, described in the revised application. 

(2) The land description in an allotment application may not be 

revised under this section unless the Secretary has determined— 

(A) that the allotment application is valid or would have 

been approved under section 905 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (43 U.S.C. 1634) had the land in 

the allotment application been in Federal ownership on December 2, 1980; 

(B) in consultation with the administering agency, that the 

proposed revision would not create an isolated inholding within 

a conservation system unit (as defined in section 102 of the 

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 

3102)); and 

(C) that the proposed revision will facilitate completion of a 

land transfer in the State. 

(3)(A) On obtaining title evidence acceptable under Department 

of Justice title standards and acceptance of a reconveyance or relinquishment from a Native Corporation under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall issue a Native allotment certificate to the applicant for 

the land reconveyed or relinquished by the Native Corporation. 

(B) Any allotment revised under this section shall, when allotted, 

be made subject to any easement, trail, right-of-way, or any thirdparty interest (other than a fee interest) in existence on the revised 

allotment land on the date of revision. 

(f)(1) If an applicant for a Native allotment filed under the Act 

of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 197, chapter 2469) petitions the Secretary to reinstate a previously closed Native allotment application 

or to accept a reconstructed copy of an application claimed to have 


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been timely filed with an agency of the Department of the Interior, 

the United States— 

(A) may seek voluntary reconveyance of any land described 

in the application that is reinstated or reconstructed after the 

date of enactment of this subsection; but 

(B) shall not file an action in any court to recover title from 

a current landowner. 

(2) A certificate of allotment that is issued for any allotment application for which a request for reinstatement or reconstruction is 

received or accepted after the date of enactment of this subsection 

shall be made subject to any Federal appropriation, trail, right-ofway, easement, or existing third party interest of record, including 

third party interests created by the State, without regard to the 

date on which the Native allotment applicant initiated use and occupancy. 

* * * * * * * 

OPEN SEASON FOR CERTAIN ALASKA NATIVE VETERANS FOR

ALLOTMENTS

SEC. 41. (a) øIN GENERAL¿ ALASKA NATIVE VETERAN ALLOT- MENTS.—ø(1) During the eighteen month period following promulgation of implementing rules pursuant to subsection (e), a person 

described in subsection (b) shall be eligible for an allotment of not 

more than two parcels of federal land totaling 160 acres or less 

under the Act of May 17, 1906 (chapter 2469; 34 Stat. 197), as such 

Act was in effect before December 18, 1971.¿ 

ø(2) Allotments may be selected only from lands that were vacant, unappropriated, and unreserved on the date when the person 

eligible for the allotment first used and occupied those lands. 

ø(3) The Secretary may not convey allotments containing any of 

the following— 

ø(A) lands upon which a native or non-native campsite is located, except for a campsite used primarily by the person selecting the allotment; 

ø(B) lands selected by, but not conveyed to, the State of Alaska pursuant to the Alaska Statehood Act or any other provision of law; 

ø(C) lands selected by, but not conveyed to, a Village or Regional Corporation; 

ø(D) lands designated as wilderness by statute; 

ø(E) acquired lands; 

ø(F) lands containing a building, permanent structure, or 

other development owned or controlled by the United States, 

another unit of government, or a person other than the person 

selecting the allotment; 

ø(G) lands withdrawn or reserved for national defense purposes other than National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska; 

ø(H) National Forest Lands; and 

ø(I) lands selected or claimed, but not conveyed, under a 

public land law, including but not limited to the following: 

ø(1) Lands within a recorded mining claim. 

ø(2) Home sites. 

ø(3) Trade and Manufacturing sites. 

ø(4) Reindeer sites or headquarters sites. 


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ø(5) Cemetery sites. 

ø(4) A person who qualifies for an allotment on lands prohibited 

from conveyance by a provision of subsection (a)(3) may select an 

alternative allotment from the following lands located within the 

geographic boundaries of the same Regional Corporation as the excluded allotment— 

ø(A) lands withdrawn pursuant to section 11(a)(1) of this Act 

which were not selected, or were relinquished after selection; 

ø(B) lands contiguous to the outer boundary of lands withdrawn pursuant to section 11(a)(1)(C) of this Act, except lands 

excluded from selection by a provision of subsection (a)(3) and 

lands within a National Park; or 

ø(C) vacant, unappropriated and unreserved lands.¿ 

(1) ALLOTMENTS.— 

(A) ELIGIBLE RECIPIENTS.—Any person described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) shall be eligible to receive 

an allotment under the Act of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 197, 

chapter 2469) (as in effect before December 18, 1971), of not 

more than 2 parcels of Federal land, the total area of which 

shall not exceed 160 acres. Any person described in paragraph (1) and (2) of subsection (b) who, prior to the date 

on which the Secretary promulgates regulations pursuant 

to section 4 of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment 

Equity Act, received an allotment that has a total area of 

less than 160 acres shall be eligible to receive an allotment 

under the Act of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 197, chapter 2469) 

(as in effect before December 18, 1971), of not more than 1 

parcel of Federal land, the total area of which shall not exceed the difference in acres between 160 acres and the total 

area of the allotment that the person previously received 

under the Act. 

(B) FILING DEADLINE.—An allotment shall be filed for an 

eligible recipient not later than 3 years after the date on 

which the Secretary promulgates regulations pursuant to 

section 4 of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act. 

(2) LAND AVAILABLE FOR ALLOTMENTS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (C), an allotment under this section shall be selected from land that 

is— 

(i)(I) vacant; and 

(II) owned by the United States; 

(ii) selected by, or conveyed to, the State of Alaska, 

if the State voluntarily relinquishes or conveys to the 

United States the land for the allotment; or 

(iii) selected by, or conveyed to, a Native Corporation, 

if the Native Corporation voluntarily relinquishes or 

conveys to the United States the land for the allotment. 

(B) RELINQUISHMENT BY NATIVE CORPORATION.—If a Native Corporation relinquishes land under subparagraph 

(A)(iii), the Native Corporation may select appropriate Federal land, as determined by the Secretary, the area of 

which is equal to the area of the land relinquished by the 

Native Corporation, to replace the relinquished land. 


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(C) EXCLUSIONS.—An allotment under this section shall 

not be selected from land that is located within— 

(i) a right-of-way of the TransAlaska Pipeline; 

(ii) an inner or outer corridor of such a right-of-way; 

or 

(iii) a unit of the National Park System, a National 

Preserve, or a National Monument. 

(3) ALTERNATIVE ALLOTMENTS.—A person described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) who qualifies for an allotment 

under this section on land described in paragraph (2)(C) may 

select an alternative allotment from land that is— 

(A) located within the boundaries of land described in 

paragraph (2)(C); 

(B)(i)(I) withdrawn under section 11(a)(1)(C); and 

(II) not selected, or relinquished after selection, under 

section 11(a)(3); 

(ii) contiguous to an outer boundary of land withdrawn 

under section 11(a)(1)(C); or 

(iii) vacant, unappropriated, and unreserved; and 

(C) not a unit of the National Park System, a National 

Preserve, or a National Monument. 

ø(5)¿ (4) After consultation with a person entitled to an allotment 

within a Conservation System Unit, the Secretary may convey alternative lands of equal acreage, including lands within a Conservation System Unit, to that person if the Secretary determines 

that the allotment would be incompatible with a purpose for which 

the Conservation System Unit was established. 

ø(6)¿ (5) All conveyances under this section shall— 

(A) be subject to valid existing rights, including any right of 

the United States to income derived, directly or indirectly, 

from a lease, license, permit, right-of-way or easement; and 

(B) reserve to the United States deposits of oil, gas and coal, 

together with the right to explore, mine, and remove these 

minerals, on lands which the Secretary determines to be prospectively valuable for development. 

(b) ELIGIBLE PERSON.—(1) A person is eligible to select an allotment under this section if that person— 

(A) would have been eligible for an allotment under the Act 

of May 17, 1906 (chapter 2469; 34 Stat. 197), as that Act was 

in effect before December 18, 1971 (except that the term ‘‘nonmineral’’, as used in that Act, shall for the purpose of this subsection be defined as provided in section 905(a)(3) of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 

1634(a)(3)), except that such definition shall not apply to land 

within a conservation system unit); and 

ø(B) is a veteran who served during the period between January 1, 1969 and December 31, 1971 and— 

ø(i) served at least 6 months between January 1, 1969 

and December 31, 1971; or 

ø(ii) enlisted or was drafted into military service after 

June 2, 1971 but before December 3, 1971.¿ 

(B) is a veteran who served during the period beginning on 

August 5, 1964, and ending on May 7, 1975. 

ø(2)(A) The personal representative or special administrator, appointed in an Alaska State court proceeding of the estate of a deceVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:22 Nov 26, 2016 Jkt 069006 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR832.XXX HR832

srobinson on DSK5SPTVN1PROD with HEARING
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dent who was eligible under subsection (b)(1)(A) may, for the benefit of the heirs, select an allotment if the decedent was a veteran 

who served in South East Asia at any time during the period beginning August 5, 1964, and ending December 31, 1971, and during 

that period the decedent— 

ø(i) was killed in action; 

ø(ii) was wounded in action and subsequently died as a direct consequence of that wound, as determined by the Department of Veterans Affairs or based on other evidence acceptable 

to the Secretary; or 

ø(iii) died while a prisoner of war. 

ø(B)(i) If the Secretary requests that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs make a determination whether a veteran died as 

a direct consequence of a wound received in action, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall, within 60 days of receipt of 

the request— 

ø(I) provide a determination to the Secretary if the 

records of the Department of Veterans Affairs contain 

sufficient information to support such a determination; 

or 

ø(II) notify the Secretary that the records of the Department of Veterans Affairs do not contain sufficient 

information to support a determination and that further investigation will be necessary. 

ø(ii) Not later than 1 year after notification to the Secretary that further investigation is necessary, the Department of Veterans Affairs shall complete the investigation 

and provide a determination to the Secretary. 

ø(3) No person who received an allotment or has a pending allotment under the Act of May 17, 1906 may receive an allotment 

under this section.¿ 

(2) DECEASED PERSONS.—If an individual who would otherwise have been eligible for an allotment under this section dies 

before applying for an allotment, an heir of the person may 

apply for, and receive, an allotment under this section, on behalf of the estate of the person. 

(3) LIMITATIONS.—No person who received an allotment or 

has a pending allotment under the Act of May 17, 1906, may 

receive an allotment under this section, other than— 

(A) an heir who applies for, and receives, an allotment on 

behalf of the estate of a deceased person under paragraph 

(2); and 

(B) a person who, prior to the date on which the Secretary promulgates regulations pursuant to section 4 of the 

Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, received an allotment under the Act of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 

197, chapter 2469), that has a total area of less than 160 

acres. 

(c) STUDY AND REPORT.—(1) The Secretary of the Interior shall 

conduct a study to identify and assess the circumstances of veterans of the Vietnam era who— 

(A) served during a period other than that specified in subsection (b)(1)(B); 

(B) were eligible for an allotment under the Act of May 17, 

1906; and 


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(C) did not apply for an allotment under that Act. 

(2) The Secretary shall, within one year of the enactment of this 

section, issue a written report on the study, including findings and 

recommendations, to the Committee on Appropriations and the 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in the Senate and the 

Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Resources in 

the House of Representatives. 

(d) APPROVAL OF ALLOTMENTS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to any valid right in existence on 

the date of enactment of the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, and except as provided in paragraph (3), not 

later than December 31, 2020, the Secretary shall— 

(A) approve any application for an allotment filed in accordance with subsection (a); and 

(B) issue a certificate of allotment under such terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary determines to be 

appropriate. 

(2) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than December 31, 2017, on receipt of an application for an allotment under this section, the 

Secretary shall provide to any person or entity that has an interest in land described in subsection (a)(2) that is potentially 

adverse to the interest of the applicant a notice of the right of 

the person or entity, by not later than 90 days after the date of 

receipt of the notice— 

(A) to initiate a private contest of the allotment; or 

(B) to file a protest against the allotment in accordance 

with procedures established by the Secretary. 

(3) ACTION BY SECRETARY.—If a private contest or protest relating to an application for an allotment is initiated or filed 

under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall not issue a certificate 

for the allotment under paragraph (1)(B) until a final determination has been made with respect to the private contest or 

protest. 

(e) RESELECTION.—A person that selected an allotment under this 

section may withdraw that selection and reselect land in accordance 

with this section after the date of enactment of the Alaska Native 

Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, if the land originally selected— 

(1) was selected before the date of enactment of the Alaska 

Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act; and 

(2) as of the date of enactment of that Act, was not conveyed 

to the person. 

ø(d) DEFINITIONS.—For the purposes of this section, the terms 

‘‘veteran’’ and ‘‘Vietnam era’’ have the meanings given those terms 

by paragraphs (2) and (29), respectively, of section 101 of title 38, 

United States Code.¿ 

(f) DEFINITION.—For the purposes of this section: 

(1) The term ‘‘veteran’’ means a person who served in the active military, naval, or air service, and who was discharged or 

released therefrom. 

(2) The term ‘‘Vietnam era’’ has the meaning given the term 

by paragraph (29) of section 101 of title 38. 

ø(e)¿ (g) REGULATIONS.—No later than 18 months after enactment of this section, the Secretary of the Interior shall promulgate, 


srobinson on DSK5SPTVN1PROD with HEARING
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after consultation with Alaska Natives groups, rules to carry out 

this section. 

* * * * * * * 


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(19) 

1 34 Stat. 197. 

2P.L. 92–203 (codified, as amended, at 43 U.S.C. 1601–1629). 

3P.L. 105–276. 

ADDITIONAL VIEWS 

The Alaska Native Allotment Act of 1906,1 as amended, gave the 

Secretary of the Interior authority to convey up to 160 acres of nonmineral land to individual Alaska Natives. 

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) 2 repealed 

the 1906 Act, but with a savings provision for individual allotment 

claims then pending before the BLM. Certain Alaska Native veterans of the Vietnam War may have missed an opportunity to 

apply for an allotment because they were serving in the armed 

forces immediately prior to the 1971 enactment of ANCSA. 

In 1998, the Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Allotment Act 3

was enacted to redress any unfairness that may have resulted. 

Pursuant to the Act, the Department of Interior reopened Native 

allotment applications for an 18-month period ending in January 

2002. 

Altogether about 10,000 Alaska Natives filed allotment applications for more than 16,000 parcels. To date, the BLM has completed final patent to approximately 98 percent (over 13,100 parcels) of individual Native allotments. 

H.R. 2387 will once again reopen Native allotment applications 

for Alaska Native Vietnam War-era veterans, but will expand the 

criteria for allotee status and increase the available land that can 

be selected for allotment. 

Unlike the original Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Allotment 

Act, H.R. 2387 does not preclude selecting land in wildlife refuges, 

national forests, wilderness areas or national defense withdrawn 

areas. 

It also overrides the 1983 Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decision in Shields v. United States, which held that, for purposes of 

understanding ANSCA, ‘‘the Allotment Act [of 1906] requires the 

applicant to establish personal, rather than ancestral, use and occupancy of the land prior to its withdrawal for national forests.’’ 

Therefore, H.R.2387 would retroactively reopen and approve all 

applications for lands within the Tongass and Chugach National 

Forests which were pending by December 18, 1971 (the date of the 

enactment of ANCSA). According to the BLM, this would require 

approval of over 1,000 scattered new inholdings within the two National Forests. 

While the goals of the bill are laudable, H.R. 2387 as written proposes impractical solutions. It would re-open numerous land claims 

which are already resolved, allow for the selection of any vacant 

Federal land in the State with few exceptions, and disrupt settled 

land use arrangements under existing statutes. Finally, it could 

give rise to new issues of fairness related to other Alaska Natives 


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and Native Vietnam-era veterans who were required to choose 

their allotment under more restrictive limitations. 

RAU ́ L M. GRIJALVA, 

Ranking Member, Committee 

on Natural Resources. 

ALAN LOWENTHAL. 

GRACE F. NAPOLITANO. 

JARED POLIS. 

Æ 


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