# Patent

## Title
Proximity detector

## Abstract

A circuit for generating an indicative signal regarding the approach of an object to an observation area has a send electrode device, a generator circuit for supplying alternating voltage to the send electrode device, a receive electrode device which extends in or along the observation area, and an output circuit for generating an output signal correlating with the field at the receive electrode device. A compensation circuit is provided to add a compensation current i2 to a signal current i1 flowing from the receive electrode device.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is the U.S. national stage of PCT application PCT/EP2008/007662, filed 15 Sep. 2008 and claiming the priority of German patent application 102007043629.9 itself filed 13 Nov. 2007, whose entire disclosures are herewith incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention involves a method and a circuit for detecting the approach of an object, in particular a person, to an electrode device on the basis of electric field interaction effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to create solutions with which the approach of an object to an electrode device can be implemented in a way which is relatively insensitive to other interfering influences.
This task is solved in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention by a circuit comprising a send electrode, a generator for supplying alternating voltage to the send electrode, a receive electrode that extends into or along the observation area, an output circuit for generating an output signal correlating with the field at the receive electrode device, and a compensation circuit to add a compensation current i2 to a signal current i1 flowing from the receive electrode device.
The approach in accordance with the invention makes it advantageously possible to achieve high sensor sensitivity while preventing overriding of the circuit linked with the receiver electrode device.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Further details and features of the invention are set out in the following description in conjunction with the drawings. Therein:
FIG. 1 a diagram showing the basic structure of a sensor circuit in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 a graph showing the evaluation voltage displacement to the proportional range by the partial current i2;
FIG. 3 a diagram showing an application example of the circuit in accordance with the invention in a window lock;
FIG. 4 a diagram further showing the generation in accordance with the invention of an output signal in a proximity sensor device, in particular a window lock; and
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the instant invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The concept in accordance with the invention is based on a method in which an alternating electric field in the frequency range of preferably 80 to 150 kHz is generated between a send electrode Tx and a receive electrode Rx. If a conducting object, e.g. a part of the body, enters this field between the electrodes Tx and Rx, there is a partial absorption of this field through the body which leads to a weakening of the receive signal fed to an amplifier connected to the receive electrode Rx. The absolute signal alteration which arises hereby at the receiver output is directly proportional to the amplitude of the carrier generated by a generator at the send electrode Tx.
In order to achieve the largest possible signal alteration and thus high sensor sensitivity on approach of an object, the generator voltage is set as high as possible. Up to now a limitation of this was only possible subject to basic restrictions on the controllability of an amplifier connected on the receiver side.
FIG. 2 shows a graph of the relationship between input current and output current. The input current is proportional to the generator voltage.
In the range of relatively low input currents there is a linear relationship which is subject to limitation when a maximum voltage is reached. An alteration of the input current can only be detected in the linear range.
With the aid of the concept in accordance with the invention it is possible to hold the signal alteration in the linear range even if the signal current or the generator voltage is far above the limitation range, which makes it possible to achieve substantially higher sensor sensitivity.
The basic principle of the circuit in accordance with the invention and the compensation method allows for field absorption sensors
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the main features of the concept in accordance with the invention as well as the functions of the method.
A generator 1 generates a carrier signal uG in the frequency range 80 kHz to 150 kHz. This signal is applied on the one hand to the send electrode Tx and on the other hand to the input of a compensation stage 2, with which the amplitude and the phase angle of a compensation signal can be set which as partial current i2 along with the signal current i1 supplied by the receive electrode Rx forms the input current i=i1+i2 for a subsequent current/voltage converter 3 at whose output a voltage then arises

uA=−R(i1+i2)  (1)

There are also the following relationships between the introduced quantities in which only the magnitudes (amplitudes) are observed. It is also assumed that, apart from a phase displacement of 180°, there are no other phase deviations between i1 and i2, which can be achieved by a suitable compensation method. With an absorption coefficient a, which describes the signal alteration due to the field absorption relative to the basic condition, we then receive

i1=k1(1−a)uG  (2)

i2=−k2uG  (3)

whereby k1 and k2 are proportionality factors for the amplitudes. Thus equation 1 becomes

uA=−uGR[k1(1−a)−k2]  (4)

The maximum compensation then results for k1=k2, so that equation 4 becomes

uA=uGk1aR  (5)

Where uG1 is thus the required send voltage in the uncompensated case (k2=0) to achieve a maximum output voltage umax (see FIG. 2). Thus from equation 4 we derive

uG1=umax/k1(1−a)R  (6)

For the compensated case in accordance with equation 5, it follows that

uG2=umax/k1aR  (7)

The ratio of the send voltages in both cases represents the increase in sensitivity as the permissible signal current i1 and thus its alteration, is proportional to uG, as was already explained. With the equations (6) and (7), this amounts to

uG2/uG1=(1−a)/a  (8)

For a=0.1 for example, we obtain 9× higher sensitivity of the sensor.
Realization of the Method
An expedient, practical implementation of the method consists in realizing the compensation channel largely with the aid of a microcontroller with integrated analog/digital and digital/analog converters, as this is the most flexible way of solving the tasks of adapting amplitude and phase to the measurement signal via the software. In particular, it is relatively easy to make adaptations to time-variant systems, for example how they relate to each other on movements of the send and receive electrodes. Here it is necessary to alter the compensation signal to the same extent as the alteration of the sensor signal. By feedback of the output signal of the i/u converter to the microcontroller (see FIG. 1) the balance can also be automated.
Advantages of the Method
With the increase of the sensor sensitivity described above, the method in accordance with the invention also offers the advantage of working with substantially longer sensor electrodes, so that electrode segmentation can be dispensed with as applicable, which means considerable simplification and cost-savings in the production method for such sensor systems.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention as an anti-burglary window lock. The send and/or receive electrodes preferably integrated into the stationary window frame can consist of a single conductor or segments.
It is possible to generate the signals by calling up several electrodes (1 . . . n) and to use the relation of the signals to each other not only for alarm detection, but also to compensate for environmental influences and drift.
The electrodes can be arranged in a loop and carry a measurement current which serves to detect breaks in the line (defect, sabotage etc.).
The electronics can be mains and/or battery powered (e.g. back-up power supply).
The energy to charge the batteries and/or for the operation of the electronics can be supplied via a field coupling mechanism (E-field, H-field).
A metal core in the frame typically provided for structural reasons can serve as the earth for the electronics. Alternatively, the earth can be provided by metal foils suitably integrated in the frame. The earth potential/protective conductor potential can serve as earth for the electronics.
The electrodes and the electronics are preferably accommodated only in the frame (no moving line to the wing). The alarm can be given acoustically and/or via radio and/or via a recording line.
As the circuit diagram in FIG. 4 and the graph in FIG. 5 show, the generator alternating voltage is applied to the send electrode 1. A capacitive current (leading by 90°) couples it with the receive electrode n. The capacitive current is converted to a 90° leading, inverted voltage by an i/u converter. This voltage is added to a voltage leading by 90° through capacitor Cv and multiplied by a factor v. By controlling v, the output voltage Uout can be reduced to the minimum (ideal=0) in the compensation or balanced state DC=O.
Compensated State
In the case of a capacity alteration AC the amplitude of the capacitive current Is is altered. After the adder (+) all that remains from the output voltage of the I/U converter is a voltage amplitude proportional to the capacity alteration AC. This can be amplified by the subsequent amplifier Vi without overdriving it.

## Claims

1. A circuit for generating a signal indicating the approach of an object to an observation area, the circuit comprising:
a send electrode immediately adjacent the observation area;
a generator for supplying alternating voltage to the send electrode to create adjacent the send electrode in the observation area an alternating electrical field;
a receive electrode extending in or along the observation area for outputting an alternating electrical signal current i1 that varies as the object enters the area,
a compensator for adding to the outputted signal current i1 of the receive electrode an alternating compensation signal current i2 having a phase offset by 180° to the signal current i1, and
an output circuit for receiving the added signals i1 and i2 and generating an output signal correlating with the field at the receive electrode.

2. The circuit in accordance with claim 1 wherein the compensation current is triggered via the generator voltage.

3. The circuit in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amplitude of the compensation current is adapted in accordance with the output signal.

4. The circuit in accordance with claim 1 wherein the output circuit is in the form of an i/u converter.

5. The circuit in accordance with claim 1 wherein the compensation circuit is a microcontroller.

6. A method of generating a signal indicating the approach of an object to an observation area, the method comprising the steps of:
feeding to a send electrode immediately juxtaposed with the observation area an alternating current to form in the area an alternating electrical field,
detecting the field with a receive electrode extending in or along the observation area and outputting a signal current, and
adding to the outputted signal current i1 of the receive electrode an alternating compensation signal current i2 having a phase offset by 180° to the signal current i1, and
generating with an output circuit an output signal correlating with the field at the receive electrode.

7. The method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the output signal is generated using a converter coupled with the receive electrode device.

8. The method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the output signal is suspended in the area of the compensation circuit.