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TO DIRECT THE PRESIDENT TO SUBMIT TO CONGRESS A REPORT ON FUGITIVES CURRENTLY RESIDING IN OTHER COUNTRIES WHOSE EXTRADITION IS SOUGHT BY THE UNITED

STATES AND RELATED MATTERS; AND TO REQUIRE A REGIONAL STRATEGY TO ADDRESS THE THREAT POSED BY

BOKO HARAM

MARKUP

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HEALTH, 

GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS, AND 

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

H.R. 2189 and H.R. 3833

SEPTEMBER 22, 2016

Serial No. 114–227

Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs

(

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/

(II)

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, Chairman 

CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey 

ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida 

DANA ROHRABACHER, California 

STEVE CHABOT, Ohio 

JOE WILSON, South Carolina 

MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas 

TED POE, Texas 

MATT SALMON, Arizona 

DARRELL E. ISSA, California 

TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania 

JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina 

MO BROOKS, Alabama 

PAUL COOK, California 

RANDY K. WEBER SR., Texas 

SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania 

RON DESANTIS, Florida 

MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina 

TED S. YOHO, Florida 

CURT CLAWSON, Florida 

SCOTT DESJARLAIS, Tennessee 

REID J. RIBBLE, Wisconsin 

DAVID A. TROTT, Michigan 

LEE M. ZELDIN, New York 

DANIEL DONOVAN, New York 

ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York 

BRAD SHERMAN, California 

GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York 

ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey 

GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia 

THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida 

BRIAN HIGGINS, New York 

KAREN BASS, California 

WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts 

DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island 

ALAN GRAYSON, Florida 

AMI BERA, California 

ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California 

GRACE MENG, New York 

LOIS FRANKEL, Florida 

TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii 

JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas 

ROBIN L. KELLY, Illinois 

BRENDAN F. BOYLE, Pennsylvania

AMY PORTER, Chief of Staff THOMAS SHEEHY, Staff Director

JASON STEINBAUM, Democratic Staff Director 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HEALTH, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS, AND

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman 

MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina 

CURT CLAWSON, Florida 

SCOTT DESJARLAIS, Tennessee 

DANIEL DONOVAN, New York 

KAREN BASS, California 

DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island 

AMI BERA, California 

(III)

C O N T E N T S 

Page

MARKUP ON 

H.R. 2189, To direct the President to submit to Congress a report on fugitives 

currently residing in other countries whose extradition is sought by the 

United States and related matters ..................................................................... 3

H.R. 3833, To require a regional strategy to address the threat posed by 

Boko Haram .......................................................................................................... 8

LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD 

APPENDIX 

Markup notice .......................................................................................................... 22

Markup minutes ...................................................................................................... 23

Markup summary .................................................................................................... 25

(1)

TO DIRECT THE PRESIDENT TO SUBMIT TO CONGRESS A 

REPORT ON FUGITIVES CURRENTLY RESIDING IN OTHER 

COUNTRIES WHOSE EXTRADITION IS SOUGHT BY THE 

UNITED STATES AND RELATED MATTERS; AND TO REQUIRE A REGIONAL STRATEGY TO ADDRESS THE THREAT 

POSED BY BOKO HARAM 

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 2016

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HEALTH,

GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS,

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS,

Washington, DC. 

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:00 p.m., in room 

2200 Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Christopher H. Smith 

(chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. 

Mr. SMITH. Good afternoon, and the subcommittee will come to 

order. 

Pursuant to notice, we are here this afternoon to mark up H.R. 

2189, Walter Patterson and Werner Foerster Justice and Extradition Act, as introduced, and H.R. 3833, To require a regional 

strategy to address the threat posed by Boko Haram, as introduced. 

The first measure, and I will be very brief, the Walter Patterson 

and Werner Foerster Justice and Extradition Act, was introduced 

by me along with my good friend and fellow New Jersey Congressman Albio Sires. 

It has broad bipartisan support with an equal number of Democrats and Republicans as cosponsors. Roughly 1⁄3 of the 20 cosponsors are members of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, including Mr. Donovan from our subcommittee, and I invite others to 

consider joining on as cosponsors. 

The second measure, which seeks a regional strategy for combating Boko Haram, was introduced by Congresswoman Frederica 

Wilson and has 45 cosponsors including my good friend and colleague, Ms. Karen Bass. 

I am very supportive of its objectives and my staff has worked 

with Ms. Wilson’s staff on some of the text of that measure. 

Due to the fact there are a number of concurrent hearings and 

other events vying for the attention of the subcommittee members 

and having consulted with the ranking member, it is the intent of 

the Chair to expedite consideration of these measures by holding 

a vote on each measure separately followed by an opportunity to 

make comments. 

2

All members have copies of H.R. 2189 and H.R. 3833 before 

them. After we have concluded our expedited consideration I’d be 

glad to recognize any member including myself and the ranking 

member for any statements on the issues and I would also invite 

Congresswoman Wilson to make any statement that she would like 

to make on her bill as well. 

All members are given leave to insert written remarks into the 

record should they choose to do so. Seeing that we do have the requisite number of members present, without objection the following 

will be considered read: H.R. 2189, the Walter Patterson and Werner Foerster Justice and Extradition Act, as introduced, and H.R. 

3833, to require a regional strategy to address the threat posed by 

Boko Haram, as introduced. 

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Mr. SMITH. The Chair moves that H.R. 2189, the Walter Patterson and Werner Foerster Justice and Extradition Act, be adopted 

as introduced. All those in favor say aye. Aye. All those opposed 

say no. 

Ms. BASS. No. 

Mr. SMITH. The ayes have it, in the opinion of the Chair. The 

item is adopted. Did you want to record a vote? 

Ms. BASS. Yes. 

Mr. SMITH. Ms. Bass requests to record a vote. 

Ms. BASS. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you for 

holding this markup. 

In the unusual situation, with all due respect, I did want to verbalize my opposition to H.R. 2189 and specifically my concern is is 

that this legislation could undermine what I believe has been considerable progress regarding the bilateral relationship between the 

U.S. and Cuba since the normalization of relations was announced 

by President Barack Obama on December 17, 2014. 

The United States and Cuba are currently conducting a full spectrum of bilateral negotiations with which to further establish working relations between the two countries. 

With the resumption of full diplomatic ties following the reopening of the respective Embassies in Washington and Havana, we 

have seen a number of announcements from the administration 

and travel to Cuba by U.S. Government officials. 

The State Department has emphasized and reiterated the historical significance of this progress following the more than 50 years 

during which there was no official communication between the U.S. 

and Cuba. 

The State Department has also emphasized the critical importance of these bilateral negotiations in terms of an ongoing dialogue crucial to furthering cooperation between Washington and 

Havana on a range of issues such as extradition—critical to both 

capitals. 

The issue of extradition is indeed important to both Washington 

and Havana. Regarding the latter, the Cuban Government continues to question the acquittal in the U.S. of Luis Posada Carriles 

for the 1976 suitcase bombing of Cubana Airlines. 

For the U.S., the issue of U.S. fugitives living in Cuba remains 

a key issue, which is why it is part of the ongoing dialogue. 

To date, the U.S. has held two law enforcement dialogues with 

Cuba in November 2015 and in May 2016 and a third round is currently being scheduled. 

The dialogues have included a discussion on a wide range of law 

enforcement cooperation including the issue of U.S. fugitives from 

justice living in Cuba. 

As such, it appears that H.R. 2189 could circumvent this newly 

established process of negotiations agreed on by the U.S. and Cuba 

and in doing so creates a dangerous precedent that not only could 

potentially undermine the bilateral relationship but also challenges 

the administration’s new dialogue with Cuba’s Government and its 

citizens. 

Further, H.R. 2189 may also serve to raise questions on the part 

of the Cuban Government with regard to the real intent of the U.S. 

administration’s ongoing bilateral negotiations and my concern is 

14

that it could contribute to lessening cooperation between our two 

countries. 

With that, I thank you, Mr. Chair, for allowing me to state my 

opinion and for your leadership on this issue. 

Mr. SMITH. Would you like a recorded vote? 

Ms. BASS. I would like a recorded vote. 

Mr. SMITH. The clerk will call the roll. 

Mr. KEARNEY. Ms. Bass. 

Ms. BASS. No. 

Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. DesJarlais. 

Mr. DESJARLAIS. Yes. 

Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Donovan. 

Mr. DONOVAN. Yes. 

Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Meadows. 

Mr. MEADOWS. Yes. 

Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Smith. 

Mr. SMITH. Yes. 

Mr. KEARNEY. The recorded vote is four yeas, one nay. 

Mr. SMITH. The ayes have it and the bill is agreed to. 

I’d now like to move H.R. 3833, to require a regional strategy to 

address the threat by Boko Haram, be adopted as introduced. All 

those in favor, say aye. Aye. All those opposed say no. The ayes 

have it. In the opinion of the Chair, the item is adopted. 

Without objection, the measures are reported favorably to the full 

committee. The staff is directed to make technical and conforming 

changes. 

I’d note that we have completed our formal consideration, again, 

out of deference to our members’ schedules. 

But anyone who would like to stay for any comments on the two 

measures just passed please stick around and I would recognize 

myself and the ranking member for those purposes and anyone else 

who would like to speak on the measures just adopted. 

Let me speak first on H.R. 2189. In 1963, Walter Patterson, a 

decorated World War II veteran and Bronze Star recipient, was 

shot to death and savagely beaten during a robbery committed by 

George Wright. 

Mr. Wright was subsequently convicted of the murder and sentenced to 15 to 30 years but in 1970 escaped from Leesburg State 

Prison, now renamed Bayside State Prison, located in New Jersey. 

For 41 years George Wright’s whereabouts were unknown though 

he was also sought for hijacking a passenger jet during this period. 

He hijacked it to Algiers and he built a life based on lies and on 

deception. 

When George Wright was located in Portugal in 2010, the Patterson family naturally thought that as a convicted felon and prison 

escapee he would be speedily returned to the United States to finish serving his sentence. 

Portugal, after all, is a friend of the U.S., committed to the rule 

of law, and has a longstanding extradition agreement with the 

United States. 

Shockingly, a Portuguese court rejected the U.S. extradition request in 2011 and efforts to reverse that decision by the U.S. Government ceased in 2012. 

15

The Patterson family, so deeply wounded by the murder of their 

beloved family member and then by the murderer’s escape, have 

had their wounds reopened by the Portugese Government’s refusal 

to extradite George Wright. 

I point out that I chaired, a few years back, a hearing where we 

heard from members of the family who spoke very eloquently and 

very much in pain about the loss of their husband, father and, others, their friend. 

And the now retired FBI agent who tracked him down also spoke 

and, again, made a very, very strong representation as to how important it was that he be brought back to the United States to complete his sentence. 

There is no closure whatsoever of that terrible, terrible murder. 

Not that there ever is fully for the family and the surviving friends, 

and especially family, but to know that he is living in Portugal free 

and clear is unconscionable. 

This failure of U.S. international extradition policy is not isolated. In 1973, Werner Foerster, a New Jersey state trooper, was 

murdered by Joanne Chesimard during a routine traffic stop. 

I know the exact spot. It’s on the New Jersey Turnpike right 

near the New Brunswick exit. I have been to it. I’ve actually gone 

right where the murder took place. 

In 1977, Ms. Chesimard was convicted of murder and sentenced 

to life in prison. She escaped in 1979 and fled to Cuba where she 

remains to this day an honored guest of the Cuban Government. 

Many other fugitives are suspected of taking refuge in Cuba including infamous criminals Victor Manuel Gerena, wanted for 

armed robbery; Charles Hill, wanted for air piracy, kidnapping, 

and murder; William Morales, a prison escapee previously convicted of weapons charges; Cheri Dalton, wanted for a string of robberies; and Frank Terpil, a former CIA employee convicted in 

absentia on arms trafficking charges. 

With or without an extradition treaty, to both allies of the United 

States and unfriendly governments, there are too many cases 

around the world where efforts to extradite convicted criminals 

have simply stalled, leaving surviving families without closure and 

our efforts to seek justice remains in limbo. 

Instead of continuing to allow violent criminals to live openly 

abroad, apparently outside of our Government’s reach, we must 

strengthen the executive branch’s ability to take action to resolve 

failed extraditions. 

In response to this problem, this bill requires the executive 

branch to provide Congress with an annual study on the various 

aspects of U.S. extradition policy such that Congress can take action to address outstanding issues in the extradition system. 

It’s broken. We need to fix it. Currently, the executive branch’s 

management of the extradition system is largely opaque to congressional oversight and, hence, resistant to reform. 

The bill requires the executive branch to provide Congress with 

an annual report on a number of aspects of—on a number of aspects of U.S. international extradition policy so that Congress can 

take appropriate action to address these outstanding issues. 

16

These reports will also assist the executive branch by compiling 

all relevant data in one place and providing an overview on the 

success or lack thereof of international extradition efforts. 

These reports will include, 1) the number of fugitives residing in 

other countries for whom the U.S. is seeking extradition or rendition and a list of those countries; 2) the diplomatic efforts by the 

U.S. and other efforts to secure the return of these fugitives; 3) the 

average length and time these cases have been outstanding; 4) the 

number of satisfactorily resolved cases; 5) factors that have been 

barriers to case resolution; and 6) information on the number of 

U.S. citizens whose extradition has been sought by other countries 

during the past 5 years—a list of those countries seeking extradition and the outcomes of those requests. 

The Government of the United States is unable to adequately 

track and secure extradition of fugitives abroad and, as a result, 

enables countless criminals to escape justice. 

This needs to change. The Walter Patterson and Werner Foerster 

Justice and Extradition Act is an important step toward strengthening the oversight role of Congress and giving the executive 

branch the tools it needs to successfully extradite wanted fugitives. 

The bill has the support of a diverse coalition of advocacy organizations including Concerns of Police Survivors, the National Association of Police Organizations, the National Organization for Victim Assistance, the National Sheriffs Association, and the American Bail Coalition. 

I’d like to just say a couple of remarks—and then I’ll yield to my 

colleagues—on Boko Haram, the second bill, H.R. 3833. 

For several years this subcommittee has pursued a more effective 

U.S. policy to address the threat posed by the terrorist group Boko 

Haram. 

We urged the U.S. declaration of Boko Haram as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, or an FTO, and called on the administration 

for several years to use its authority under the declaration to investigate those providing material assistance to the terrorist group. 

On the day that we went to markup on a bill that I had introduced to so designate it, I am happy to say, the State Department 

reversed course and announced that yes, Boko Haram is an FTO 

and they would begin tracking and trying to find its money supply 

flow, where they are getting weapons, and the like. 

We have held numerous hearings in this subcommittee on various aspects of Boko Haram and I have made two trips within the 

last 2 years including to Jos, where many of the churches were 

firebombed by Boko Haram. 

I met with Archbishop Kaigama, an unbelievable church cleric, 

who had nothing but compassion, even for those doing the killing. 

But he wanted justice. 

And I was amazed that when I met with the imam and his top 

leadership in the Muslim community in Jos, the mutual admiration 

of the archbishop and the Muslim leadership there was extraordinary. 

There was no distance between them on trying to stop the nefarious ways and the killing and the maiming and the raping of Boko 

Haram. 

17

We have found that the impact of Boko Haram in Nigeria is complex and that’s why I support H.R. 3833. It calls for a comprehensive regional strategy to support multilateral efforts, support for 

rescue efforts for all the women and girls including the Chibok 

girls who have been kidnapped. 

I have met with many of those—there weren’t many but a few—

that had escaped in the early days of that. There were some Muslims among them. They were predominantly Christian and they 

had—and their parents, obviously, who still have not seen their 

children, continue to this moment to be in great agony. 

Boko Haram is not just a Nigeria issue but poses a threat to the 

entire Lake Chad region including Chad, Niger, and Cameroon. 

That includes not only a direct threat from terrorism but the increase in humanitarian needs in the entire region. IDPs and refugees are exploding in number. 

We have been involved in discussions regarding a Lake Chad 

Special Envoy. Regional problems require regional solutions and, 

again, a strategy like this, I think, would be extraordinarily helpful 

and I want to thank Ms. Wilson for her leadership on this. 

I would like to yield to Ms. Bass for any comments she might 

make and then to my friend, Ms. Wilson. 

Ms. BASS. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

And as you mentioned in your comments, you have been taking 

up the charge against Boko Haram for as long as I have been on 

this subcommittee and we have had numerous hearings on it. 

And so taking the time to do the markup on this piece of legislation, I think, is consistent with the leadership that you have had 

on this issue. 

I want to commend my colleague, Frederica Wilson, because everyone out of 435 Members of Congress knows that Representative 

Wilson has been leading the charge to bring back the Chibok girls 

and against Boko Haram more than anyone else in the House of 

Representatives. 

And so I am happy to support H.R. 3833 and, specifically, the bill 

calls for a regional strategy to address the threat posed by Boko 

Haram, and we know that Boko Haram has attested to its linkages 

with the Islamic State and the past and currently leadership of 

Boko Haram views the Lake Chad region as the Islamic State’s 

west Africa province. That’s a shame. 

It should be noted and commended that our Government’s support of the 8,000-troop multinational joint task force, which is composed of troops from Nigeria, Chad, Niger, Cameroon, and Benin, 

as commendable. 

But much more needs to be done by our Government to develop 

an effective regional strategy to assist the task force in defeating 

Boko Haram and to help the region address the root causes as to 

why you have an organization like Boko Haram exist to begin with, 

and that is addressing the social and economic infrastructure that 

would really help address the conditions that lead to groups—terrorist organizations like Boko Haram. 

I was recently in Nigeria in August and I met with the U.S. Government as well as Nigerian representatives and I am encouraged 

with the new administration in Nigeria that more is being done 

and I am encouraged that under the leadership of President Buhari 

18

there seems to be more of an openness to cooperating with our military that really didn’t exist under the last administration. 

So I am hoping that our passage today of H.R. 3833 moves us 

in that direction, and I yield back my time. 

Mr. SMITH. I yield to Ms. Wilson. 

Ms. WILSON. Thank you, Chairman Smith. Thank you so very, 

very much, and thank you, Ranking Member Bass. Thank you. 

This is a wonderful day and I am just so pleased to be here in 

this subcommittee hearing when we mark up this very important 

piece of legislation. 

This is something, I think, that tugs at the hearts of all of the 

Members of Congress, regardless of party. We have our Independents and Republicans, Democrats joining with us and I am so 

pleased to see H.R. 3833 take this important step forward in the 

legislative process. 

Senator Susan Collins of Maine has successfully passed a similar 

bill and now it is our turn. It is our turn to pass our bill. 

Boko Haram entered the global radar 892 days ago when it kidnapped nearly 300 Nigerian girls from their dormitory rooms in the 

dead of night. Several of the girls escaped that night. Another 

found her way out of of captivity earlier this year. But 218 are still 

being held captive. 

The good news is that the Nigerian Government is attempting to 

negotiate with Boko Haram for the girls’ release, and I need to find 

out from the committee, what is your opinion on this whole negotiation piece and how do you see it and has anyone had any discussion about how it is moving forward? 

I know Mr. Buhari was here and he met with the President and 

the United Nations, and I am really concerned about it and I am 

really concerned because each time I read the newspaper I see another step. 

Like, today—2 days ago they said this was the—this would be 

the actual fourth time that the President has tried to negotiate a 

prisoner swap and that the prisoners that he would release that he 

would not just allow them to go back to Boko Haram but that they 

were going to set up training and jobs for these young men so that 

they would be—want to become contributing citizens of Nigeria. 

And then we also heard that the girls were scattered and it 

would be impossible for this to happen. So we were just—I was just 

thinking in my mind that maybe the committee had some answers 

for me and I know—I know Ms. Bass has been to Nigeria recently 

as to—is this true about these—is this true? 

Ms. BASS. Well, I was there in August and we didn’t hear anything about the Nigerian Government doing direct negotiations 

with Boko Haram. What we heard about was their stepped-up efforts to eradicate Boko Haram. 

Ms. WILSON. This—uh-huh. This is—this is the last—it says the 

New York Times—Nigeria describes three failed negotiations with 

Boko Haram on the kidnapped girls. Did you all see this article? 

Ms. BASS. Yes, but what is not clear from this article is that 

when those negotiations were underway and when they failed. So 

when I was there—it says they opened negotiations July 2015 right 

after Buhari was sworn in. 

19

But when I was there in August, there were not discussions of 

negotiations. It was eradication. So it might have been after the 

three failed negotiations. 

Ms. WILSON. It was——

Ms. BASS. It might have been. 

Ms. WILSON. Okay. So as we move forward, we have all these 

IDPs and, hopefully, when we say bring back our girls that we are 

not just talking about the Chibok girls but we are talking about all 

of the people that have been displaced, all of the girls and women 

that have been raped and kidnapped. 

And I am hoping that with the passage of this bill, this resolution, that the Congress will be sensitized to what we are trying to 

do and perhaps as we move forward they will press for the passage 

of this on the floor. 

So how do we make that happen, Chairman Smith? 

Mr. SMITH. Well, it needs to pass the full committee first and 

this is the first and, I think, important step because the text has 

been very thoroughly vetted and so that’s why we are doing the 

markup. 

I would hope as our next markup, although it could be waived 

by Chairman Royce if he so desired and go directly to the floor. It 

does have a number of cosponsors—what, 45 I think is the number. 

Whatever it is, it is good. 

And your question on the kidnapped girls, today the SecretaryGeneral and Buhari—on a sidebar meeting at the United Nations, 

Buhari put out a statement that he would welcome U.N. intervention, any one of its bodies, to try to negotiate with Boko Haram to 

release all, hopefully, of those Chibok girls. 

And I would note it is not just the Chibok girls. As we all know, 

they have abducted many more young women since and killed 

many more young men. They kill the men and abduct the women. 

But I think if the U.N. could put together a negotiating team as 

has been asked by Buhari that might be a means to the end. 

There have—even under Goodluck Jonathan there were negotiations and they never went anywhere, unfortunately, given who 

Boko Haram actually is. But hope springs eternal that we will get 

some action by the United Nations. 

Ms. WILSON. When we had the opportunity to go to Abuja, we 

met a gentleman who was an activist at the time and now he’s a 

Senator in Nigeria, and he was a part of the first approach of negotiation under Mr. Goodluck Jonathan. 

And since that time, he has been elected to the Senate and they 

have come to visit with me and they talk of this. So that’s why I 

want to really just try to see what’s happening on the ground because to me I just have to live every day thinking until someone 

just shows me a mass grave that these girls are still alive. 

And even if they are scattered, I am good. I just don’t want them 

to be killed or miserable or being raped every day and every night 

or sold into prostitution or to be trafficked or that is what I want 

to know and want to find out. So anyone who goes to Nigeria I try 

to question them and try to find out what are they hearing on the 

ground. 

And we have some Nigerians that we talk to on the phone to 

bring back our girls in Nigeria, that segment of them, and they are 

20

constantly concerned about the killing of Christians in the area and 

that is—I just want to thank you for doing this. 

I want to thank you for supporting this, because this is just phenomenal for this world, and I think that a lot of people are sleeping 

on this issue and it has been proven that we have ISIS and we 

have all these others terrorist groups. 

But Boko Haram is the most vicious and they have killed more 

people and displaced more people. So this is phenomenal that 

you’re doing this today and I want you to know that I believe that 

we are all on the right side of history. 

Thank you. Thank you so much. 

Mr. SMITH. Thank you very much for your very eloquent remarks 

and your leadership. And thank you, Karen Bass. The markup is 

adjourned. 

Ms. WILSON. Thank you. 

[Whereupon, at 2:30 p.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.] 

(21)

A P P E N D I X 

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