Executive Summary

A new information source, the Local

Employment Dynamics (LED) program for

Iowa, shows:

• The workforce is aging. From 1999

through 2002, an increasing percentage of the workforce was 45 years and

older. The proportion of people 65

years and older who continue working

has also increased, but only slightly.

• Industries in which more than 1-in-5

workers were 55 years and older in

2002 include: local/suburban transit,

real estate, mining and quarrying —

nonmetallic, and educational services.

Of these, only the educational services

industry employed more than 3,000

older workers.

• An example of an industry with a high

turnover rate for workers 55 years and

over is amusement and recreation.

• An example of an industry with a low

turnover rate for older workers is the

health services industry.

• Industries where workers 65 years and

over are most likely to be employed

include health services, business

services, and wholesale trade —

nondurables.

• On average, in 2002, for workers 65

years and over, 2,864 jobs were created and 4,249 were lost.

• Of the industries that employed more

than 500 workers 65 years and older,

the highest paying was industrial and

commercial machinery ($2,829 a

month). The industry with the highest

average monthly earnings in 2002 for

workers 65 years and older was security/commodity brokers ($4,305), but the

number of such workers was only 115. 

Introduction

A large wave of workers born during the

Baby Boom of 1946 to 1964 will be leaving the workforce over the next few

decades. A larger share than in past generations may “retire” to collect the pensions they earned over their work life and

then continue working part-time or in

more flexible working arrangements.1

Decision makers are looking at the economic and policy implications for a wide

range of programs and institutions,

including Social Security and Medicare;

financial markets; the housing market;

and recreation, transportation, and healthcare systems.

What the workforce of the future looks

like will depend on many factors. This

report focuses on one possible scenario

that some scholars consider to be reasonable. It assumes that Baby Boomers replicate the retirement behavior of previous

generations and that immigrant workers

do not fill all of the jobs left vacant by

these retirements. If these assumptions

prove accurate:

The United States will lose the services

of millions of highly skilled, experienced workers. Because of the baby

dearth that followed the Baby Boom,

U.S.Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Issued April 2004

LED/OW-IA

A Profile Of Older Workers In Iowa

By 

Nick Carroll 

and 

Cynthia Taeuber

Sponsored by the 

National Institute on Aging

National Institutes of Health

Department of Health and 

Human Services

Local Employment Dynamics

1 The term “retirees” refers to workers who collect

pensions — who may have varied labor market experiences. Some may completely leave the labor force

and others may continue to work. Of those who continue to work while they receive pensions, some may

work fewer than 35 hours a week, some may work

only part of the year, and others may continue in the

labor force year-round and full-time. 

U S C E N S U S B U R E A U

Helping You Make Informed Decisions
there will not be many new

workers to replace them, even

as the senior adult population

grows significantly. Labor force

growth is expected to fall from

1.1 percent per year in the

1990s to 0.36 percent per year

in the period 2010 to 2020.2

Regardless of how the future

unfolds, information about the

workforce decisions made by the

Baby Boomers can be useful to a

number of groups. Decision makers in Iowa need to know which

industries and regions of the state

are likely to be most affected by

changes in the size and composition of the labor force in coming

decades. Similarly, businesses need

such information both to make

more informed plans for transitions

and to pinpoint potential problem

areas and new opportunities. Older

workers who want to continue

working need to know in what

industries and in what areas of Iowa

jobs are available, how flexible

businesses are about their working

arrangements, and the level of earnings they can expect.

The Census Bureau, together with

state partners, is developing several

new sources of information to support these needs. The Local

Employment Dynamics (LED) program, one of the newest resources,

produces workforce indicators that

are updated every quarter for each

partner state and its metropolitan

areas, counties, and Workforce

Investment Areas.3 Statistics are

available without cost on the program’s Web site http://lehd.dsd.

census.gov/ and additional indicators

are available from partner states.

The statistics are historical and come

from multiple, high quality information sources that include most of the

working population (see “Sources

and Accuracy of the Data” at the end

of this report for additional information about coverage). 

The LED program is a partnership

between the Census Bureau and

participating states. As of February

2004, 29 states are partners with

the Census Bureau in creating this

information.4 Those 29 states cover

about 65 percent of America’s workers. Additional states are planning

to join the partnership.

This report uses Quarterly

Workforce Indicators (QWIs) from

the LED program for the state of

Iowa to focus on two groups of

older workers: those who are likely to be receiving pension income

(65 and older) and the preretirement group (55-64 years old).

People in the preretirement group

may collect pensions within the

next ten years, but may or may

not continue to participate in the

labor force. 

With the LED, we can respond to

questions such as:

What changes are occurring in

the age composition of the workforce in a geographic area?

Which industries will be most

affected by the departure of

older workers from the

workforce?

In what industries do older people tend to continue working

and under what circumstances?

Which industries create jobs for

older workers? Suffer the most

job losses? 

Which industries have the lowest

job turnover rates for older

workers?

How much do older workers

earn in various industry groups

and geographic areas?

As the LED statistics in this report

show, older workers in Iowa have

been an increasing proportion of

the labor force. We learn from the

LED information that older workers

tend to be employed in the same

industries that employ large numbers of younger workers, but the

best-paid are those who work in

financial and manufacturing firms

with relatively few older workers.

We do not know yet whether Iowa

will undergo rapid and massive

changes, or gradual changes due

to the retirement of experienced

workers of the Baby Boom generation along with the movement of

workers into and out of Iowa. We

do know that both have the potential to affect the age distribution of

the workforce significantly.

Planners in Iowa will be able to

keep an eye on the impact of such

factors and emerging trends by

using the LED statistics.

How is the age composition 

of the workforce in 

Iowa changing?

The aging of Baby Boom workers

led to an increase in the proportion

of the workforce 45 years and

older from 1999 to 2002 in Iowa.

Many planners anticipate this proportion will grow even more rapidly over the next two decades

unless a large influx of younger

2 U.S. Census Bureau

2 Penner, Rudolph, Pamela Perun, and

Eugene Steuerle. “Legal and Institutional

Impediments to Partial Retirement and PartTime Work by Older Workers,” The Urban

Institute, 2002. 3 Other related information sources from

the Census Bureau include the American

Community Survey www.census.gov/acs/www/

and the Economic Census 

www.census.gov/epcd/www/econ2002.html.

4 As of February 2004, the partner states

whose data were being processed were: CA,

CO, FL, IA, ID, IL, KS, MD, MN, MO, MT, NC,

NJ, NM, OK, OR, PA, TX, VA, WA, WI, and WV.

Additional partner states include: AR, DE, GA,

KY, ME, MI, and ND. This is an ongoing project and additional states are expected to join.

Quarterly Workforce

Indicators for partner states

and detailed information

about the LED program are

available at:

http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/.
workers comes into Iowa. In 1999,

about 69 percent of Iowa workers

were 14-to-44 years old (Figure 1).

By 2002, that figure dropped to

about 65 percent of workers.

Nineteen percent of Iowa workers

were 45-to-54 years old in 1999

and 21 percent were in that age

group in 2002. 

The falling share of younger workers occurred across the economy

of Iowa. The share of workers in

Iowa who are 65 years and older,

the traditional age when most

workers leave the labor force permanently, increased slightly, from

3.1 percent to 3.4 percent from

1999 to 2002.

Which industries will be 

most affected by the 

aging workforce? 

Unless there is an infusion of new

workers from outside Iowa, or

from other Iowa industries, the

industries identified in Figure 2 are

those likely to be most affected by

the aging of the workforce.5 If

older workers seek either more

flexibility in hours or leave these

industries completely, companies

may suffer a considerable loss of

skills and knowledge. Thus, industries with a high proportion of

workers near retirement might

need, for example, to plan for

increased training to respond to

the loss of older workers and their

institutional knowledge. 

Figure 2 shows that the

mining/quarrying — nonmetallic

and local/suburban transit industries in Iowa had a high proportion

of older workers — about 17 percent were 55-64 years old in each

industry. Six percent and 13.5 percent respectively were 65 years

and older. Other industries with a

U.S. Census Bureau 3

Beginning-of-Quarter

Employment

Total number of workers who

were employed by the same

employer in the reference

and previous quarters.

Figure 1.

Iowa Workforce by Age Group: 1999 to 2002

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program's Web site: 

http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

Percent of beginning-of-quarter employment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03

65+

14-44

45-54

55-64 

Skill Level

Quarters of work experience

5 Because the QWIs come from a mixture

of sources, they are not directly comparable

with statistics from worker-based surveys

such as the decennial census, the American

Community Survey, and the Current

Population Survey. Industries are based on

the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)

system. The LED program will convert from

the SIC system to the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) in

early 2004. Some classification titles appear

to be similar but the detailed industry

groups that compose the categories may differ between the SIC and NAICS systems. 
relatively high proportion of workers 55 years and older included

real estate (26.1 percent), educational services (20.3 percent), and

legal services (18.7 percent). Of

these three industries, legal services has a relatively small number of

older workers, employing less than

2,000 older workers (Appendix

Table A1).

The demand for older workers

and job stability

An indicator of the degree to which

businesses need older workers is

the turnover rate of older workers

within an industry. Industries with

a history of relatively high

turnover rates may have little need

for specific skills and may find it

easy to replace employees. As a

result, firms in such industries may

be likely to pay relatively low

wages. A relatively low turnover

rate for a specific age group, such

as older workers, may indicate that

workers in that age group are

relatively skilled or not readily

replaced. The LED data enable us,

for the first time, to identify the

nature of demand for older workers in particular industries.

The job turnover rate is also a

measure of job stability. Older

workers who work in low turnover

industries may spend less time

looking for work and retraining for

new jobs. The average quarterly

turnover rate for all workers in

Iowa was 10.8 percent in 2002

(although this includes the relatively high turnover rates of teenagers

and young adults).6 For workers

65 years and older, it was 9.4 percent; for those 55 years and older, 

8.2 percent. 

The industries in Figure 2 with the

highest average quarterly turnover

rates for workers 55-64 years old

in 2002 were local/suburban transit (10.2 percent), motor freight

transportation (10.2 percent), and

4 U.S. Census Bureau

Figure 2.

Selected Industries With a High Proportion of Older 

Workers by Age, for Iowa: 2002

Note: Details do not cover the total workforce in these age categories.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment 

Dynamics program, 2002, Appendix Table A1 and Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

Total, all industries

Legal services

Apparel from fabrics

Motor freight transportation

Industrial and

commercial machinery

Miscellaneous manufacturing

Educational services

Electrical, gas and

sanitary services

Real estate

Local and suburban transit

Mining and quarrying —

nonmetallic

55-64

65+

(Percent of industry's workers. Includes only industries that employed 

100 or more workers in each age category in Iowa.)

17.3

6.0

17.2 

13.5

16 .0

10.1

15.7 

1.4

15.7 

4.6

14.7 

2.9

14.4 

1.6

14.3 

3.8

14.2 

3.6

13.7 

5.0

10.4 

3.4

Turnover Rate — A measure

of workforce stability, the

turnover rate reflects the

movement of workers into

and out of jobs.

Turnover rate = 

(A worker who retires is

included in the turnover rate.)

* ( ) 2

1

, −1

+

t t

t t

average employment

accessions separations

6 This is a simple average of four quarters in a calendar year.
real estate (7.6 percent).

Industries from Figure 2 with lower

average quarterly turnover rates

for this age group include

educational services (5.6 percent),

industrial and commercial machinery (4.2 percent), and legal services (5.1 percent). Average quarterly

turnover rates for 2002 for these

and other industries are shown in

Appendix Table A2.

Of the top ten industries in Iowa

employing workers 65 years and

older in 2002 (Table 1 and 

Figure 3), the industries of business

services (14.5 percent) and eating

and drinking places (11.5 percent)

had the highest average quarterly

turnover rates; the lowest were the

health services and food stores 

(6.1 percent and 6.8 percent

respectively) industries.

Where do older workers work?

This section asks where older workers are most concentrated because

the types of work performed by

today’s older workers may indicate

the work that older people will perform in the future. Planners might

also examine the type of work done

by younger age groups, such as

those 35-44 years old, for the

changes they might expect among

older workers, given differences in

the type of education different age

groups received and changes in the

needs of industries. 

As shown in Figure 3, the industries where workers 65 years and

over were most likely to be

employed in Iowa in 2002 were

health services (11 percent), business services (7 percent), and

wholesale trade — nondurables 

(5 percent). About half of the

workers 65 years and older in Iowa

were employed in the ten industries shown in Figure 3, compared

with 43 percent of all workers.

Older and younger workers may be

employed in distinctly different

types of firms within these industries, however, and may be

assigned different tasks.

Between 1999 and 2002, there

were few changes in the top ten

industries that employed the largest

number of workers 65 years and

older in 2002 (Table 2).7 Service

industries are the major employers

of the oldest workers in Iowa. 

Employment dynamics and

older workers

The employment numbers in the

preceding section show only one

part of the employment picture.

Even when levels of employment in

an industry change little, enormous

change can occur in the underlying

numbers. Economists refer to the

underlying changes as “job creation” and “job destruction.” Even if

employment levels in an industry

stay the same, some firms add jobs

and others eliminate jobs. So,

while Figure 3 identifies the industries that employed a high proportion of workers 65 years and older

in Iowa in 2002, LED program data

reveal more detail. LED indicators

also tally the number of jobs gained

and lost by older workers in the

Iowa economy.8

The LED statistics reveal that, on

average in Iowa in 2002, for workers 65 years and older, 2,864 jobs

were created in a quarter

(Appendix Table A4) and 4,249

were lost (Appendix Table A5) —

on average, a net decrease of

1,385 such workers employed in a

quarter. The industries that created the most jobs for workers 65

years and older (Table 3) were

wholesale trade — nondurables,

with 227 jobs created on average a

quarter, followed by amusement

and recreation (211 jobs), and

business services (206 jobs). The

industries that destroyed the most

jobs for the oldest workers were

business services (395 jobs a quarter destroyed on average) and

health services (294 jobs). These

changes represented, in Iowa in

2002, an average net loss of 

U.S. Census Bureau 5

Table 1.

Job Stability in Iowa by Industry: 2002

(Top 10 industries statewide employing workers 65 and older)

Industry Number of

workers 65

and older

Average

quarterly

turnover rate

for workers

65 and older

(percent)

Average

quarterly

turnover rate

for workers

14 and older

(percent)

Number of

workers 14

and older

Health services ............... 4,529 6.1 8.1 122,687

Business services ............. 2,658 14.5 17.4 73,796

Wholesale trade—nondurables. . 1,979 10.3 7.6 43,087

Eating and drinking places ..... 1,947 11.5 19.6 85,786

Car dealers and gas stations . . . 1,837 8.8 12.2 38,664

Social services ................ 1,799 8.0 11.5 36,555

Miscellaneous retail............ 1,613 8.4 12.9 28,560

Food stores. .................. 1,526 6.8 11.6 39,561

Motor freight transportation ..... 1,265 10.5 13.5 33,495

Real estate ................... 1,026 8.1 10.6 10,171

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics

program, 2002, Appendix Tables A1 and A2. See Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

7 Historical statistics are consistent in the

LED program, so it is possible to make comparisons of statistics over time.

8 Job losses for older workers can happen

in two ways — a firm can actually reduce

employment, or it can substitute a younger

worker for an older worker who may have

taken another job, retired or left involuntarily.
189 jobs in business services and

141 jobs in health services. 

What do older workers earn?

On average, full-quarter workers

65 years and older in 2002 earned

$1,474 a month in Iowa, and workers of all ages averaged $2,544 a

month (Table 4 and Appendix

Table A6).

As is the case for all workers, the

average earnings levels of older

workers vary greatly among industries. For example, in the health

services industry, which employed

11 percent of all workers 65 years

and older in Iowa in 2002, the

average monthly earnings were

$1,569. Workers 14 years and

older in that industry had average

monthly earnings of $2,828.

About 7 percent of the oldest

workers in Iowa were employed by

the business services industry, and

they had average monthly earnings

of $1,068. Of the top ten industries of older workers in Iowa in

2002, the industry with the

highest average monthly earnings

was motor freight transportation,

with an average of $2,039 a

month; the lowest was the eating

and drinking places industry, with

an average $755 a month.

Among all industry groups, the

security and commodity brokers

industry had the highest average

monthly earnings in 2002 for workers 65 years and older — $4,305 —

compared with $5,474 for all workers in this industry (Table 5). The

number of workers 65 and older in

this industry is relatively small —

115 workers. Other high paying

industries include mining and quarrying — nonmetallic, construction

other than building, and transportation equipment. Only one of the

two industries that employed 500

or more workers 65 years and 

older — industrial and commercial

machinery — was relatively high

paying, with average earnings of

$2,829 a month.

Summary

This report provides answers to

several key questions related to

the aging of Iowa’s workforce:

• What is the age composition of

the workforce and what are the

changes over time?

• Which industries are likely to be

affected by the aging of the

workforce?

• Which industries have the lowest

turnover rates of older workers?

• In which industries are older workers most likely to be employed?

• How much do older workers

earn?

6 U.S. Census Bureau

Figure 3.

Workers 65 Years and Older in Selected Industries 

for Iowa: 2002

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, 

Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Appendix Table A3. 

See Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

(Percent of all workers aged 65+ years)

Real estate

Motor freight transportation

Food stores

Miscellaneous retail

Social services

Car dealers and gas stations

Eating and drinking places

Wholesale trade - nondurables

Business services

Health services 11.2

6.6

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.8

3.1

2.5

4.9

Job Creation — New jobs are

created either by new businesses opening or by existing

firms adding new jobs.

Job Destruction — Jobs are

lost to the economy when

businesses close or reduce

employment.

Net Job Flow — The difference

between current and previous

beginning-of-quarter employment across all businesses.
In Iowa in 2002, the industries that

employed the highest proportions

of workers 55-64 years old, and

hence were likely to be affected by

retirements in the coming decade

were: mining and quarrying — nonmetallic, local and suburban transit,

and real estate.

The local/suburban transit and real

estate industries had relatively

high proportions of workers 65

years and older. In terms of pay,

older workers tended to fare best

in industries with relatively few

older workers and, as for all workers, in industries with many highly

trained, professional employees,

such as in financial firms.

SOURCES AND ACCURACY

OF THE DATA

Background

The U.S. Census Bureau and partner states produce Quarterly

Workforce Indicators (QWIs) for

each state, metropolitan area,

county, and Workforce Investment

Board area. QWIs for other geographic areas are available through

the state partners. 

The QWIs are updated each quarter

and annual averages are available

at http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

Overview

The QWIs are key economic indicators selected jointly by the Census

Bureau and its partner states. Each

QWI provides a critical measure of

an area’s economy and is a tool to

understand changes in the core

performance of local economies. 

The QWIs are updated 7 months

after the end of a quarter, which

makes them a current and a historical time series to monitor economic

U.S. Census Bureau 7

Table 3.

Job Gains and Losses Among Industry Groups in Iowa by

Industry: 2002

(Average number of jobs a quarter)

Top ten industries that

created jobs for workers

65 and over Jobs

created1

Jobs

destroyed1

Net

change2

Total employment

65 and

older

Workers

14 and

older

Wholesale trade—nondurables. . 227 258 –31 1,979 43,087

Amusement and recreation . . . . . 211 224 –14 1,015 19,265

Business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 395 –189 2,658 73,796

Eating and drinking places . . . . . 166 254 –88 1,947 85,786

Health services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 294 –141 4,529 122,687

Miscellaneous retail. . . . . . . . . . . . 120 165 –45 1,613 28,560

Car dealers and gas stations . . . 118 156 –38 1,837 38,664

Motor freight transportation . . . . . 112 154 –42 1,265 33,495

Construction—special trade. . . . . 103 135 –32 876 39,465

Personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 107 –4 896 13,220

1 Averages are rounded to whole numbers.

2 Computed from actual averages, not from the rounded whole numbers as shown in this table.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics

program, 2002, Appendix Tables A1, A4, and A5. See Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

Full-Quarter Employment

Total number of workers who were employed by the same employer

in the reference, previous, and subsequent quarters.

Average Earnings for Full-Quarter Employees

Total earnings of all workers employed the full quarter divided by the

number of such workers. 

Table 2.

Top Ten Employers in Iowa Employing Workers 65 and

Older by Rank: 1999 and 2002

1999

rank

2002

rank Industry

Number of workers

65 and older Percent

change,

1999-

2002

Number

of workers

14 and

older,

1999 2002 2002

1 1 Health services............... 3,751 4,529 20.7 122,687

2 2 Business services ............ 2,433 2,658 9.2 73,796

4 3 Wholesale trade—nondurables . 1,837 1,979 7.7 43,087

3 4 Eating and drinking places..... 1,920 1,947 1.4 85,786

5 5 Car dealers and gas stations. . . 1,561 1,837 17.7 38,664

6 6 Social services . .............. 1,526 1,799 17.9 36,555

8 7 Miscellaneous retail ........... 1,486 1,613 8.5 28,560

9 8 Food stores .................. 1,371 1,526 11.3 39,561

11 9 Motor freight transportation .... 1,227 1,265 3.1 33,495

13 10 Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947 1,026 8.3 10,171

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics

program, 2002, Appendix Tables A1 and A3. See Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
change. They serve as early

indicators to states and local areas

of emerging trends and help to

identify turning points in the

dynamics of the workforce and

specific industries. 

The database covers about 98 percent of the labor force.9 The QWIs

are derived from state administrative records and basic demographic

information from other existing

sources. Some information about

the workforce is not now available

in this database, including hours

and weeks worked, educational

attainment, occupation, and

whether workers worked for an

entire quarter or a part of the quarter. The Census Bureau is working

on long-term plans to include information of this type, particularly

educational and occupational information. There are other types of

errors in administrative data, including coding errors in personal identifiers, coding errors in business

identifiers, and errors in wage

records (see the technical

documentation on

http://lehd.dsd.census.gov).

Because the QWIs come from a mixture of sources, they are not directly

comparable with statistics from

worker-based surveys, such as the

decennial census, the American

Community Survey, and the Current

Population Survey. Industries are

based on the Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) system. The LED

program will convert from the SIC

system to the North American

Industry Classification System

(NAICS) in early 2004. Some classification titles appear to be similar

but the detailed industry groups

that compose the categories may

differ between the SIC and 

NAICS systems.

Enhanced Unemployment

Insurance (UI) wage records are the

basic data source for the QWIs.

Administrative records and the surveys differ in coverage, the timing

of data collection, and concept definitions. The QWIs are not exactly

comparable with establishment

8 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 4.

Average Monthly Earnings Among Top Ten Indistries in

Iowa by Age: 2002

(Full-quarter earnings)

Industry

Average

monthly

earnings for

workers 65

and older

(dollars)

Average

monthly

earnings 14

and older

total workers

(dollars)

Workers 65

and older

(number)

Workers 14

and older

(number)

Total. . . .................. 1,474 2,544 40,380 1,181,682

Health services ............... 1,569 2,828 4,529 122,687

Business services ............. 1,068 2,251 2,658 73,796

Wholesale trade—nondurables. . 1,500 3,205 1,979 43,087

Eating and drinking places . . . . . 755 859 1,947 85,786

Car dealers and gas stations . . . 1,271 2,216 1,837 38,664

Social services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 1,460 1,799 36,555

Miscellaneous retail. . . . . . . . . . . . 875 1,586 1,613 28,560

Food stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 1,171 1,526 39,561

Motor freight transportation ..... 2,039 2,802 1,265 33,495

Real estate ................... 1,537 2,307 1,026 10,171

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics

program, 2002, Appendix Table A6. See Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

Table 5.

Average Monthly Earnings of Workers in Iowa by Age:

2002

(Includes only industries that employed 100 or more workers 65 and older in Iowa)

Industry

Average

monthly

earnings

for workers

65 and

older

(dollars)

Average

monthly

earnings

14 and

older total

workers

(dollars)

Workers

65 and

older

(number)

Workers 14

and older

(number)

Security and commodity brokers ...... 4,305 5,474 115 2,877

Mining and quarrying—nonmetallic .... 3,810 3,512 128 2,127

Construction other than building....... 3,476 3,409 291 8,262

Transportation equipment ............ 3,142 2,889 206 14,677

Legal services ...................... 2,833 3,599 335 6,654

Industrial and commercial machinery . . 2,829 3,835 593 37,456

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......... 2,743 2,789 113 3,856

Building construction—general

contractors........................ 2,654 2,955 370 15,053

Fabricated metal products ............ 2,560 2,986 330 20,691

Food and kindred products ........... 2,441 2,910 665 50,556

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics

program, 2002, Appendix Tables A1 and A6. See Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

9 The database for each state covers about

98 percent of nonagricultural, private wage

and salaried employment. Most state, and

local government employees are included, but

many federal workers are not (depending on

the state). The remaining 2 percent are railroad workers and workers for some non-profit organizations. Self-employed workers and

independent contractors are not in the covered universe. See: U.S. Census Bureau,

David W. Stevens and Julia Lane, “Employment

That Is Not Covered By State Unemployment,”

Technical Paper No. TP-2002-16, January

2002, available on http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
surveys either, such as those from

the Bureau of Labor Statistics’

Quarterly Census of Employment

and Wages (QCEW) program, which

capture employment at an establishment on the 12th of the month.

The LED database can respond to a

wide variety of questions about

the workforce because it allows

multiple definitions of “employment.” That is because the QWIs

are job-based statistics and

different from the worker-based

statistics familiar to many

researchers.10 The LED database

includes all jobs held:

1. In a quarter, regardless of length

of time the job is held.

2. At the beginning of a quarter (the measure used in

this report).

3. At the end of a quarter.

4. For a full quarter.

The measure that is closest to the

QCEW definition of employment is

the second one, jobs held at the

beginning of a quarter. This second

measure has the additional advantage that the trends are similar to

those shown by worker-based surveys such as the decennial census,

although the levels differ. 

Another difference among datasets

is measurement of earnings.

According to the BLS Handbook of

Methods (1997), UI wage records

measure “gross wages and salaries,

bonuses, stock options, tips, and

other gratuities, and the value of

meals and lodging, where supplied.” They do not include Old

Age Survivor and Disability

Insurance (OASDI), health insurance, workers’ compensation,

unemployment insurance, private

pensions, and welfare funds. The

LED database does not include the

number of hours or weeks an

employee worked. Thus, what

appears for an industry such as

retail trade to be low average earnings in a given year or quarter may

be the result of relatively low

hourly wages, not working many

hours in the time period, or both.

In retail trade, much of the work is

part-time and this affects the LED

measure of average earnings. 

The confidentiality of the

statistics is protected

The Census Bureau and the state

partners are committed to protecting the confidentiality of the data

in the LED files. Technically, the

approach to avoid disclosure of

individual information is to combine cell suppression methodology

with the addition of statistical

noise, controlling key measures to

county employment levels as

reported by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics. In plainer English, the

statistical techniques the Census

Bureau uses mean that the actual

statistics are not shown if the numbers in a cell are small. Rather, the

statistics that are shown are

“fuzzy,” that is, close to the actual

information but not exact.

Only Census Bureau employees or

individuals who have Special Sworn

Status are permitted to work with

the data. Everyone who has access

to Title 13 data must have an official security clearance based on a

background check, including fingerprinting. Additionally, they are subject to a fine of up to $250,000, up

to five years in jail, or both, if confidential information is disclosed.

The Census Bureau and state data

custodians review all projects

before release to avoid disclosure of

confidential information. 

More detailed information about

the confidentiality protection system is available under the

“Confidentiality” menu at

http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/.

Why the Census Bureau

produces the LED statistics

The Census Bureau and the state

partners are committed to protecting the integrity of information and

producing the highest quality statistics. We accomplish this by

ensuring that the LED program is

consistent with the Census

Bureau’s legal authority and mission, that the methodologies used

are the best alternatives, and that

the LED program produces demonstrated benefits. 

The state partners and the Census

Bureau both benefit from the LED

program. The state partners fulfill

their mandate to provide highquality regional labor market information and the Census Bureau

improves the economic and demographic survey estimates and intercensal population estimates.

Specifically, the LED program supports Census Bureau research on

improving the quality, use, and

analysis of its census, survey, and

estimation-based data products.

Estimates of the employed population by demographic, geographic,

and industrial detail enhance the

Census Bureau’s existing agencywide programs. In particular, estimates of workers in each county

and industry, in conjunction with

statistical information about

employers, will provide longneeded and critical but previously

unavailable information for key

programs such as the demographic

survey estimates and the intercensal population estimates program. Census Bureau programs

will benefit from new information

U.S. Census Bureau 9

10 For the QWIs, a “job” is defined as

equivalent records for an employer and

employee.
on turnover, job creation, and job

destruction by age and sex, and

information on the employment of

individuals in each county. 

More information about the benefits of the LED program may be

found on the LED Web site at

http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Research for and production of this

report were supported under an

interagency agreement with the

Behavioral and Social Research

Program, National Institute on

Aging, Agreement No. 

Y1-AG-9415-01.

10 U.S. Census Bureau
U.S. Census Bureau 11

Table A1.

Iowa Employment by Industry and Age: 2002

(Beginning-of-quarter employment)

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years and

older

Total, age group. . . ..................................... 770,913 247,932 122,459 40,380 1,181,682

Agriculture

Agricultural production—crops ................................ 1,493 548 373 257 2,670

Agricultural production—livestock. ............................. 5,438 1,145 553 268 7,404

Agricultural services . ........................................ 6,628 1,382 634 304 8,947

Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 14 *9 - 83

Fishing, hunting, and trapping................................. ---- -

Mining

Metal mining. ............................................... ---- -

Coal mining................................................. ---- -

Oil/gas extraction............................................ ---- -

Mining/quarrying—nonmetallic ................................ 1,070 562 367 128 2,127

Construction

Building construction—general contractors . .................... 10,119 3,319 1,245 370 15,053

Construction other than building............................... 5,247 1,796 929 291 8,262

Construction—special trade................................... 28,282 7,252 3,055 876 39,465

Manufacturing

Food/kindred products ....................................... 33,495 11,644 4,752 665 50,556

Tobacco products ........................................... ---- -

Textile mill products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 *83 *53 9 352

Apparel from fabrics ......................................... 1,797 797 449 114 3,158

Lumber and wood products................................... 10,791 3,114 1,016 187 15,108

Furniture/fixtures ............................................ 3,939 1,455 556 85 6,035

Paper/allied products ........................................ 3,071 1,525 611 40 5,245

Printing/publishing .......................................... 11,627 4,619 2,251 733 19,230

Chemicals . . . ............................................... 4,237 1,960 778 119 7,094

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 123 62 25 483

Rubber and plastics ......................................... 9,166 3,748 1,594 188 14,696

Leather and leather products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 233 107 *21 920

Stone, clay, and glass ....................................... 4,932 2,061 925 194 8,112

Primary metal industries...................................... 3,960 2,267 1,010 96 7,331

Fabricated metal products . . . ................................. 12,121 5,691 2,549 330 20,691

Industrial/commercial machinery .............................. 18,429 13,056 5,378 593 37,456

Electronic/electric equipment.................................. 8,018 3,933 1,783 171 13,904

Transportation equipment .................................... 8,796 3,956 1,720 206 14,677

Measuring/analyzing instruments .............................. 2,854 *1,624 *649 86 5,213

Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................. 2,073 1,104 567 113 3,856

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transport ........................................... ---- -

Local/suburban transit ....................................... 1,197 506 423 331 2,457

Motor freight transportation ................................... 18,834 8,610 4,787 1,265 33,495

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 167 77 26 698

Transportation by air......................................... 4,012 *1,262 367 36 5,676

Pipelines, except natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 *46 *23 *2 154

Transportation services ...................................... 1,167 411 241 94 1,912

Communications services .................................... 9,290 3,083 1,259 192 13,824

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . ....................... 4,414 3,145 1,433 131 9,122

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade—durables . .................................. 22,922 9,159 4,424 1,344 37,848

Wholesale trade—nondurables................................ 25,682 10,275 5,151 1,979 43,087

APPENDIX TABLES
12 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A1.

Iowa Employment by Industry and Age: 2002—Con.

(Beginning-of-quarter employment)

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years and

older

Retail Trade

Building materials, hardware.................................. 8,860 2,553 1,439 653 13,504

General merchandise store ................................... 25,087 6,166 4,016 1,830 37,097

Food stores. ................................................ 30,235 4,955 2,845 1,526 39,561

Car dealers, gas stations ..................................... 26,050 6,924 3,854 1,837 38,664

Apparel and accessory stores................................. 7,338 1,147 758 410 9,653

Home furniture stores ........................................ 8,026 2,050 1,082 451 11,608

Eating and drinking places ................................... 73,305 7,142 3,392 1,947 85,786

Miscellaneous retail.......................................... 18,633 5,232 3,081 1,613 28,560

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions. . ...................................... 14,384 5,755 3,262 887 24,288

Nondepository institutions .................................... 8,989 1,990 719 91 11,789

Security and commodity brokers .............................. 1,632 755 376 115 2,877

Insurance carriers ........................................... 19,015 5,918 2,545 352 27,830

Insurance agents/brokers..................................... 7,172 2,814 1,585 439 12,010

Real estate ................................................. 5,060 2,459 1,627 1,026 10,171

Holding/other investment offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794 330 188 91 1,402

Services

Hotels/other lodging places ................................... 10,557 2,322 1,439 716 15,035

Personal services . . ......................................... 8,668 2,296 1,360 896 13,220

Business services ........................................... 52,215 12,499 6,424 2,658 73,796

Car repair, services, and parking .............................. 8,273 2,033 1,065 601 11,971

Miscellaneous repair services ................................. 2,418 918 473 148 3,956

Motion pictures.............................................. 2,926 276 115 57 3,374

Amusement and recreation services . . ......................... 13,363 2,961 1,926 1,015 19,265

Health services ............................................. 72,258 30,994 14,906 4,529 122,687

Legal services .............................................. 3,690 1,719 912 335 6,654

Educational services ......................................... 10,200 5,517 3,095 913 19,725

Social services .............................................. 23,937 6,936 3,884 1,799 36,555

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 154 *112 96 794

Membership organizations.................................... 6,747 2,517 1,343 619 11,225

Engineering, accounting, and research......................... 13,002 4,526 2,194 644 20,365

Private households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 350 269 224 1,607

Services, not classified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 45 18 *3 196

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at http://www.lehdtest.net/factsheets/index.php.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
U.S. Census Bureau 13

Table A2.

Average Quarterly Turnover Rates in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002

(In percent)

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years and

older

Total. . . ................................................ 18.6 6.9 7.1 9.4 10.8

Agriculture

Agricultural production—crops ................................ 20.0 *7.7 8.2 *11.5 10.6

Agricultural production—livestock. ............................. 17.2 9.4 8.0 *10.7 12.5

Agricultural services . ........................................ 22.1 11.2 11.4 *16.1 16.1

Forestry . ................................................... 20.9 - - - 13.4

Fishing, hunting, and trapping................................. ---- -

Mining

Metal mining. ............................................... ---- -

Coal mining................................................. ---- -

Oil/gas extraction............................................ ---- -

Mining/quarrying—nonmetallic ................................ 17.5 *6.8 *6.2 *9.5 8.2

Construction

Building construction—general contractors . .................... 21.7 9.4 9.6 13.6 13.0

Construction other than building. . ............................. 24.8 14.3 16.3 21.5 17.3

Construction—special trade................................... 19.0 9.9 9.5 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing

Food/kindred products ....................................... 21.4 *6.5 *6.9 *11.8 10.4

Tobacco products ........................................... ---- -

Textile mill products.......................................... 20.0 *6.1 *5.0 - 4.7

Apparel from fabrics ......................................... 19.9 *10.4 *7.8 *9.1 11.3

Lumber and wood products................................... 20.3 4.7 *5.2 *9.6 7.3

Furniture/fixtures ............................................ 19.2 *4.7 *5.5 *10.8 6.3

Paper/allied products ........................................ 28.6 *3.4 *3.3 9.0 4.8

Printing/publishing ........................................... 18.3 *6.0 7.2 6.9 7.7

Chemicals . . . ............................................... 19.6 *4.6 *5.4 *10.2 6.5

Petroleum refining . . ......................................... 14.1 *8.8 *15.1 *25.9 11.2

Rubber and plastics ......................................... 19.7 *9.6 *9.6 10.0 10.6

Leather and leather products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 *5.6 *10.1 - 7.9

Stone, clay, and glass ....................................... 20.9 *6.9 7.4 *16.3 9.1

Primary metal industries...................................... 20.0 *3.6 *5.0 8.4 5.2

Fabricated metal products . . . ................................. 21.2 3.4 3.9 *7.9 5.4

Industrial/commercial machinery .............................. 16.5 3.0 4.2 7.6 4.7

Electronic and electrical equipment ............................ *27.5 *7.6 *9.1 *11.4 *9.7

Transportation equipment .................................... 18.1 *5.3 *5.9 *8.1 7.1

Measuring/analyzing instruments .............................. *17.9 *9.2 *8.3 *7.7 *9.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................. 20.8 *5.1 *5.0 *7.3 6.8

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation ....................................... ---- -

Local/suburban transit ....................................... 17.2 9.6 10.2 *11.7 11.2

Motor freight transportation ................................... 20.0 11.6 10.2 10.5 13.5

Water transportation ......................................... 21.4 *12.3 *11.3 12.3 14.0

Transportation by air......................................... 19.6 *2.3 4.2 *18.6 5.6

Pipelines, except natural gas ................................. - - *9.1 - 4.8

Transportation services ...................................... 17.9 8.6 *8.6 *11.3 9.5

Communications . ........................................... 18.4 *6.4 *6.4 *6.9 8.6

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . ....................... 20.2 *4.2 *4.8 *9.5 5.2
14 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A2.

Average Quarterly Turnover Rates in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002—Con.

(In percent)

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years and

older

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade—durables . .................................. 16.7 5.7 5.7 7.7 7.6

Wholesale trade—nondurables................................ 17.1 5.3 6.3 10.3 7.6

Retail Trade

Building materials, hardware.................................. 16.0 6.1 5.6 7.7 9.8

General merchandise stores .................................. 17.0 7.3 6.9 *7.0 11.7

Food stores. ................................................ 14.0 *6.8 6.4 6.8 11.6

Car dealers, gas stations ..................................... 18.8 7.8 7.6 8.8 12.2

Apparel and accessory stores................................. 22.0 7.4 7.4 7.1 16.4

Home furniture stores ........................................ 18.6 7.5 7.1 7.3 11.7

Eating and drinking places . . ................................. 21.9 11.8 10.2 11.5 19.6

Miscellaneous retail.......................................... 18.8 8.3 8.3 8.4 12.9

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions. . ...................................... 15.4 3.5 3.5 4.9 6.0

Nondepository institutions .................................... 20.7 *8.5 *8.7 *9.9 10.4

Security and commodity brokers .............................. 22.4 5.8 *5.9 *8.6 8.2

Insurance carriers ........................................... 20.0 3.4 3.9 *8.9 4.6

Insurance agents/brokers..................................... 19.4 6.4 6.3 8.8 8.6

Real estate ................................................. 20.2 8.2 7.6 8.1 10.6

Holding/other investment offices............................... 21.6 *4.9 *4.5 5.2 7.8

Services

Hotels/other lodging places ................................... 22.2 11.3 10.0 11.0 16.3

Personal services . . ......................................... 21.1 9.4 9.5 10.8 13.6

Business services ........................................... 27.6 13.0 12.0 14.5 17.4

Car repair, services, and parking .............................. 18.7 7.0 6.8 8.5 11.2

Miscellaneous repair services ................................. 17.8 8.0 7.7 9.1 10.0

Motion pictures.............................................. 21.4 *11.7 *10.2 16.8 19.9

Amusement and recreation services . . ......................... 24.4 13.0 15.3 22.0 19.0

Health services ............................................. 15.7 5.6 5.0 6.1 8.1

Legal services .............................................. 19.1 5.2 5.1 *5.8 7.7

Educational services ......................................... 27.3 4.8 5.6 8.6 8.2

Social services .............................................. 19.5 7.5 7.0 8.0 11.5

Museums, galleries, and gardens ............................. *23.2 *6.9 *7.3 *7.2 *13.3

Membership organizations.................................... 22.6 8.4 8.0 9.9 12.9

Engineering, accounting, and research......................... 21.1 7.3 7.3 10.4 9.5

Private households .......................................... 26.2 *16.9 *16.8 16.0 19.4

Services, not classified....................................... 28.2 7.5 13.0 - 10.5

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at http://www.lehdtest.net/factsheets/index.php.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
U.S. Census Bureau 15

Table A3.

Iowa Employment by Industry and Age: 1999 and 2002

(Beginning-of-quarter employment)

Industry

Under 65 65 and older

1999 2002 1999 2002

Total. . . ......................................................... 1,167,976 1,141,303 36,749 40,380

Agriculture

Agricultural production—crops ......................................... 2,406 2,413 218 257

Agricultural production—livestock. ...................................... 6,172 7,136 223 268

Agricultural services . ................................................. 7,660 8,644 250 304

Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 82 - -

Fishing, hunting, and trapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - - -

Mining

Metal mining. ........................................................ - - - -

Coal mining.......................................................... - - - -

Oil/gas extraction.................................................... .--- -

Mining/quarrying—nonmetallic ......................................... 2,070 1,999 109 128

Construction

Building construction—general contractors . ............................. 15,558 14,684 324 370

Construction other than building........................................ 8,850 7,972 289 291

Construction—special trade............................................ 37,458 38,589 758 876

Manufacturing

Food/kindred products ................................................ 51,173 49,890 570 665

Tobacco product ..................................................... - - - -

Textile mill products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 343 9 9

Apparel from fabrics .................................................. 4,266 3,043 103 114

Lumber and wood products............................................ 14,130 14,922 142 187

Furniture/fixtures ..................................................... 6,951 5,950 87 85

Paper/allied products ................................................. 6,181 5,206 54 40

Printing/publishing ................................................... 20,678 18,497 725 733

Chemicals . . . ........................................................ 7,711 6,974 109 119

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 458 16 25

Rubber and plastics .................................................. 15,579 14,509 167 188

Leather and leather products .......................................... 1,103 900 *27 *21

Stone, clay, and glass ................................................ 7,830 7,919 159 194

Primary metal industries............................................... 8,081 7,236 82 96

Fabricated metal products ............................................. 20,370 20,361 296 330

Industrial/commercial machinery ....................................... 45,080 36,863 614 593

Electronic/electrical equipment ......................................... 18,531 13,733 214 171

Transportation equipment ............................................. 16,875 14,471 220 206

Measuring/analyzing instruments ....................................... 9,086 5,127 101 86

Miscellaneous manufacturing .......................................... 5,003 3,744 116 113

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transport .................................................... - - - -

Local/suburban transit ................................................ 2,412 2,126 311 331

Motor freight transportation ............................................ 30,295 32,230 1,227 1,265

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 672 22 26

Transportation by air.................................................. 6,805 5,641 52 36

Pipelines, except natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 152 - -

Transportation services ............................................... 2,179 1,819 106 94

Communications . .................................................... 15,289 13,632 187 192

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . ................................ 8,948 8,991 132 131

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade—durables . ........................................... 38,801 36,505 1,268 1,344

Wholesale trade—nondurables ........................................ 42,766 41,108 1,837 1,979
16 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A3.

Iowa Employment by Industry and Age: 1999 and 2002—Con.

(Beginning-of-quarter employment)

Industry

Under 65 65 and older

1999 2002 1999 2002

Retail Trade

Building materials, hardware........................................... 13,619 12,851 685 653

General merchandise stores ........................................... 34,663 35,268 1,489 1,830

Food stores. ......................................................... 40,521 38,035 1,371 1,526

Car dealers, gas stations .............................................. 36,473 36,827 1,561 1,837

Apparel and accessory stores.......................................... 9,638 9,243 412 410

Home furniture stores ................................................. 10,881 11,158 436 451

Eating and drinking places ............................................ 83,757 83,840 1,920 1,947

Miscellaneous retail................................................... 28,454 26,946 1,486 1,613

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions. . ............................................... 22,428 23,401 765 887

Nondepository institutions ............................................. 8,856 11,698 56 91

Security/commodity brokers ........................................... 2,716 2,762 96 115

Insurance carriers .................................................... 25,134 27,478 370 352

Insurance agents/brokers.............................................. 11,637 11,571 397 439

Real estate .......................................................... 8,561 9,145 947 1,026

Holding/other investment offices........................................ 1,239 1,312 92 91

Services

Hotels/other lodging places ............................................ 13,116 14,318 608 716

Personal services . . .................................................. 12,175 12,324 831 896

Business services .................................................... 78,104 71,138 2,433 2,658

Car repair, services, and parking ....................................... 11,333 11,371 535 601

Miscellaneous repair services .......................................... 4,074 3,808 134 148

Motion pictures....................................................... 3,667 3,317 59 57

Amusement and recreation services . . .................................. 22,798 18,250 955 1,015

Health services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,213 118,158 3,751 4,529

Legal services ....................................................... 6,155 6,320 280 335

Educational services .................................................. 16,987 18,812 836 913

Social services ....................................................... 31,883 34,756 1,526 1,799

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 698 *61 96

Membership organizations............................................. 10,030 10,607 647 619

Engineering, accounting, and research.................................. 17,521 19,721 583 644

Private households ................................................... 1,414 1,383 311 224

Services, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 191 4 *3

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly disloted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at http://www.lehdtest.net/factsheets/index.php.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
U.S. Census Bureau 17

Table A4.

Composition of Job Creation in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

Total. . . ......................................................... 67,135 12,105 5,958 2,864

Agriculture

Agricultural production—crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 61 47 47

Agricultural production—livestock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 87 37 28

Agricultural services . ................................................. 1,276 160 72 44

Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1 *1 -

Fishing, hunting, and trapping.......................................... - - - -

Mining

Metal mining. ........................................................ - - - -

Coal mining.......................................................... - - - -

Oil/gas extraction.................................................... .--- -

Mining/quarrying—nonmetallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 38 20 12

Construction

Building construction—general contractors ............................... 1,618 273 91 38

Construction other than building. . ...................................... 1,010 254 144 59

Construction—special trade............................................ 4,052 687 282 103

Manufacturing

Food/kindred products ................................................ 1,302 163 63 33

Tobacco products .................................................... - - - -

Textile mill products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 *4 *1 1

Apparel from fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 20 9 5

Lumber and wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 66 19 12

Furniture/fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 33 9 3

Paper/allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 22 5 1

Printing/publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 109 60 29

Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 30 15 9

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 10 5 3

Rubber and plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 102 37 10

Leather and leather products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6 2 -

Stone, clay, and glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 104 46 24

Primary metal industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 96 13 4

Fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 101 37 13

Industrial/commercial machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 233 94 22

Electronic/electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 31 13 5

Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 137 43 9

Measuring/analyzing instruments ....................................... 1,654 *1,018 *371 11

Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 25 12 9

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transport .................................................... - - - -

Local/suburban transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 34 28 22

Motor freight transportation ............................................ 1,825 547 306 112

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 10 8 7

Transportation by air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 *21 9 3

Pipelines, except natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 *1 1 -

Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 27 17 8

Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 58 21 8

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 61 18 5

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade—durables . ........................................... 1,763 392 191 74

Wholesale trade—nondurables......................................... 1,872 384 234 227
18 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A4.

Composition of Job Creation in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002—Con.

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

Retail Trade

Building materials, hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 125 72 45

General merchandise stores ........................................... 1,427 184 103 39

Food stores. ......................................................... 1,571 182 90 52

Car dealers, gas stations .............................................. 2,376 349 216 118

Apparel and accessory stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 84 56 34

Home furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 124 56 25

Eating and drinking places ............................................ 8,487 641 264 166

Miscellaneous retail................................................... 2,212 368 217 120

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 142 76 31

Nondepository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 50 25 3

Security and commodity brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 33 17 6

Insurance carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 91 42 23

Insurance agents/brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 134 78 30

Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 170 109 67

Holding/other investment offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 15 9 2

Services

Hotels/other investment offices. . . ...................................... 1,300 159 95 51

Personal services . . .................................................. 1,257 230 156 103

Business services .................................................... 4,827 877 458 206

Car repair, services, and parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 139 63 38

Miscellaneous repair services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 57 35 10

Motion pictures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 22 10 6

Amusement and recreation services .................................... 2,843 349 267 211

Health services ...................................................... 4,533 1,134 463 153

Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 96 55 26

Educational services .................................................. 1,017 177 108 50

Social services ....................................................... 2,005 338 182 96

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 14 *11 15

Membership organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 185 101 54

Engineering, accounting, and research.................................. 1,218 282 159 78

Private households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 50 34 26

Services, not classified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3 2 -

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at http://www.lehdtest.net/factsheets/index.php.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
U.S. Census Bureau 19

Table A5.

Composition of Job Destruction in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002

Industry 14-44

years

45-54

years

55-64

years

65 years

and older

Total. . . ......................................................... 69,226 14,302 8,406 4,249

Agriculture

Agricultural production—crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 57 51 46

Agricultural production—livestock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 87 45 30

Agricultural services . ................................................. 1,208 163 83 58

Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1 *1 *1

Fishing, hunting, and trapping.......................................... 2 - - -

Mining

Metal mining. ........................................................ - - - -

Coal mining.......................................................... - - - -

Oil/gas extraction.................................................... .--- -

Mining/quarrying—nonmetallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 27 17 20

Construction

Building construction—general contractors . ............................. 1,642 314 135 60

Construction other than building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 265 158 66

Construction—special trade............................................ 4,033 754 348 135

Manufacturing

Food/kindred products ................................................ 1,169 275 192 64

Tobacco products .................................................... - - - -

Textile mill products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 *2 *1 2

Apparel from fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 94 46 13

Lumber and wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 136 63 20

Furniture/fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 80 43 11

Paper/allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 32 22 4

Printing/publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 221 170 60

Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 69 48 21

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 11 7 6

Rubber and plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 132 76 18

Leather and leather products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 17 11 *4

Stone, clay, and glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 127 71 32

Primary metal industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 46 47 12

Fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 209 136 34

Industrial/commercial machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 388 281 62

Electronic/electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 229 141 21

Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 185 104 21

Measuring/analyzing instruments ....................................... 1,077 *662 *269 10

Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 77 40 11

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transport .................................................... - - - -

Local/suburban transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 37 30 32

Motor freight transportation ............................................ 1,633 577 370 154

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 22 11 8

Transportation by air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 *27 19 6

Pipelines, except natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 *1 2 *1

Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 35 23 12

Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 237 110 20

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 67 52 15

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade—durables . ........................................... 1,707 476 243 119

Wholesale trade—nondurables......................................... 1,901 492 333 258
20 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A5.

Composition of Job Destruction in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002—Con.

Industry 14-44

years

45-54

years

55-64

years

65 years

and older

Retail Trade

Building materials, hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 129 79 63

General merchandise stores ........................................... 1,197 166 107 78

Food stores. ......................................................... 1,783 236 150 96

Car dealers, gas stations .............................................. 2,578 436 262 156

Apparel and accessory stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 78 56 37

Home furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 137 80 38

Eating and drinking places ............................................ 9,679 836 388 254

Miscellaneous retail................................................... 2,402 430 260 165

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 152 117 58

Nondepository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 78 39 8

Security/commodity brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 40 24 12

Insurance carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 149 102 39

Insurance agents/brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 177 111 43

Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 184 122 99

Holding/other investment offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 19 10 5

Services

Hotels/other lodging places ............................................ 1,208 187 109 78

Personal services . . .................................................. 1,195 245 162 107

Business services .................................................... 6,227 1,131 661 395

Car repair, services, and parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979 144 77 49

Miscellaneous repair services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 144 35 15

Motion pictures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 61 13 8

Amusement and recreation services . . .................................. 2,825 36 309 224

Health services ...................................................... 3,563 1,029 593 294

Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 102 57 29

Educational services 885 206 139 75

Social services ....................................................... 2,198 409 246 153

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10 *8 14

Membership organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 203 119 75

Engineering, accounting, and research.................................. 1,133 288 168 85

Private households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 40 32 38

Services, not classified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4 1 1

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at http://www.lehdtest.net/factsheets/index.php.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.
U.S. Census Bureau 21

Table A6.

Average Monthly Earnings in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002

(Full-quarter earnings, in dollars)

Industry 45-54

years

55-64

years

65 years and

older

14 years

and older

Total. . . ......................................................... 3,236 2,885 1,474 2,544

Agriculture

Agricultural production—crops ......................................... 2,439 2,237 1,590 2,080

Agricultural production—livestock. ...................................... 2,467 2,371 1,569 2,125

Agricultural services . ................................................. 2,478 2,179 1,434 1,923

Forestry ............................................................. 2,387 *1,784 *700 1,789

Fishing, hunting, and trapping.......................................... *1,846 - - 1,535

Mining

Metal mining. ........................................................ - - - -

Coal mining.......................................................... - - - -

Oil/gas extraction..................................................... - *5,866 - 5,866

Mining/quarrying—nonmetallic ......................................... 3,626 3,806 3,810 3,512

Construction

Building construction—general contractors ............................... 3,675 3,600 2,654 2,955

Construction other than building........................................ 3,664 3,720 3,476 3,409

Construction—special trade............................................ 3,535 3,418 2,099 2,921

Manufacturing

Food/kindred products ................................................ 3,365 3,289 2,441 2,910

Tobacco products .................................................... - - - -

Textile mill products................................................... *2,739 *2,738 *1,453 2,540

Apparel from fabrics .................................................. 2,228 2,121 1,262 2,022

Lumber and wood products............................................ 3,183 *3,388 1,947 2,881

Furniture/fixtures ..................................................... 3,707 3,756 *2,844 3,388

Paper/allied products ................................................. 3,622 3,522 2,090 3,414

Printing/publishing .................................................... 3,300 2,885 1,500 2,829

Chemicals . . . ........................................................ 4,268 4,042 2,360 3,774

Petroleum refining . . .................................................. 3,642 3,204 *1,910 3,213

Rubber and plastics .................................................. 3,272 3,324 2,338 3,007

Leather and leather products .......................................... 2,501 2,065 *1,260 2,361

Stone, clay, and glass ................................................ 3,512 3,456 2,459 3,191

Primary metal industries............................................... *3,729 3,799 2,882 3,439

Fabricated metal products ............................................ 3,329 3,346 2,560 2,986

Industrial/commercial machinery ....................................... 4,399 4,051 2,829 3,835

Electronic/electrical equipment ......................................... 3,395 *3,251 2,169 3,130

Transportation equipment ............................................. 3,203 3,175 3,142 2,889

Measuring/analyzing instruments ....................................... *4,376 *4,495 2,775 3,996

Miscellaneous manufacturing .......................................... 3,121 2,756 2,743 2,789

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transport .................................................... *2,470 *2,320 - 2,352

Local/suburban transit ................................................ 1,327 1,330 866 1,218

Motor freight transportation ............................................ 3,087 2,920 2,039 2,802

Water transportation .................................................. 3,940 3,677 3,097 3,301

Transportation by air.................................................. *4,132 3,714 1,543 3,028

Pipelines, except natural gas .......................................... *6,032 5,468 *637 5,405

Transportation services ............................................... 2,604 2,550 1,579 2,435

Communications . .................................................... 4,106 3,950 2,105 3,338

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . ................................ *4,738 *4,463 1,178 4,351

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade—durables . ........................................... 3,691 3,424 1,871 3,175

Wholesale trade—nondurables......................................... 3,826 3,169 1,500 3,205
22 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A6.

Average Monthly Earnings in Iowa by Industry and Age: 2002—Con.

(Full-quarter earnings, in dollars)

Industry 45-54

years

55-64

years

65 years and

older

14 years

and older

Retail Trade

Building materials, hardware........................................... 2,562 2,299 1,148 2,111

General merchandise stores ........................................... 1,822 1,626 *1,015 1,493

Food stores. ......................................................... *1,912 1,577 807 1,171

Car dealers, gas stations .............................................. 2,759 2,368 1,271 2,216

Apparel and accessory stores.......................................... 1,554 1,302 937 1,184

Home furniture stores ................................................. 2,808 2,505 1,288 2,334

Eating and drinking places ............................................ 1,246 1,180 755 859

Miscellaneous retail................................................... 2,070 1,687 875 1,586

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions. . ............................................... 3,490 3,254 2,177 2,906

Nondepository institutions ............................................. 5,239 3,919 2,265 3,798

Security/commodity brokers ........................................... 6,920 6,576 4,305 5,474

Insurance carriers .................................................... 4,580 4,333 2,229 3,897

Insurance agents/brokers.............................................. 4,019 3,515 2,409 3,376

Real estate .......................................................... 2,767 2,355 1,537 2,307

Holding/other investment offices........................................ 6,845 5,214 *3,018 4,662

Services

Hotels/other lodging places ............................................ 1,605 1,433 927 1,348

Personal services . . .................................................. 2,061 1,648 723 1,572

Business services .................................................... 2,639 2,127 1,068 2,251

Car repair, services, and parking ....................................... 2,584 2,212 1,099 2,131

Miscellaneous repair services .......................................... 2,948 2,413 1,363 2,586

Motion pictures....................................................... 1,613 1,902 1,074 984

Amusement and recreation services . . . ................................. 1,830 1,627 1,019 1,430

Health services ...................................................... 3,503 3,125 1,569 2,828

Legal services ....................................................... 4,736 4,333 2,833 3,599

Educational services .................................................. 2,406 2,534 1,397 2,128

Social services ....................................................... 1,779 1,644 885 1,460

Museums, galleries, and gardens ...................................... 2,129 *1,902 719 1,539

Membership organizations............................................. 2,167 2,059 776 1,618

Engineering, accounting, and research.................................. 4,369 4,110 2,345 3,555

Private households ................................................... 1,417 1,493 834 1,288

Services, not classified................................................ 4,201 3,983 *6,218 3,155

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at http://www.lehdtest.net/factsheets/index.php.

Note: Earnings for workers 65 and older may reflect lump sum distributions.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the Iowa Workforce Development, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Web site: http://lehd.dsd.census.gov.

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Washington, DC 20233

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

Penalty for Private Use $300

FIRST-CLASS MAIL

POSTAGE & FEES PAID

U.S. Census Bureau

Permit No. G-58