Chapter 4 

References and 

Lists 
Chapter 4 

Table of Contents 

Chapter 4 ........................................................................................................ 1

References and Lists ...................................................................................... 1

Glossary...................................................................................................... 1

References ............................................................................................... 19

List of Preparers ....................................................................................... 26

List of FEIS Recipients ............................................................................. 28

List of FEIS Notification Letter Recipients ................................................ 32

Index for Chapter 1................................................................................... 34

Index for Chapter 2................................................................................... 36

Index for Chapter 3................................................................................... 38
Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 1 

Glossary 

 Adfluvial fish 

Species or populations of fish that do not go to sea, but live in lakes, and enter 

streams to spawn. 

Adopted VQO

The VQO to be achieved as a result of management direction identified in the 

approved Forest Plan. Adopted VQOs represent the visual resource objective for the 

planning period, normally 10 years. (FSH 2309.22, R-10 Landscape Management 

Handbook.) 

 Alaska Heritage Resource Survey (AHRS) 

The official list of cultural resources in the State of Alaska, maintained by the Office 

of History and Archaeology, Alaska Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation. 

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) 

The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of December 2, 1980. Public 

Law 96-487, 96th Congress, 94 Stat. 2371-2551. Passed by Congress in 1980, this 

legislation designated 14 National Forest wilderness areas in Southeast Alaska. 

Section 810 requires evaluations of subsistence impacts before changing the use of 

these lands. 

All-terrain Vehicle (ATV) 

A motorized four-wheeled vehicle less than 40 inches wide that is restricted by law 

from operating on public roads for general motor vehicle traffic. 

Allowable Sale Quantity (ASQ) 

The maximum quantity of timber that may be sold each decade from suitable lands on 

the Tongass National Forest as identified from the Forest Plan. A ceiling, not a 

requirement. 

Alluvial Fan 

A fan-shaped landform comprised of alluvium deposited at the mouth of a steep 

valley, canyon, or ravine. 

Alluvium 

Mineral material such as boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt and clay transported or 

deposited by flowing water. 

 Alpine/subalpine habitat 

Terrain located at elevations too high to support tree growth, such as on mountain 

peaks or ridges, generally above 1,500 feet in elevation in southeast Alaska. 

 Anadromous Fish 

Fish (such as salmon and steelhead) that spend part of their lives in fresh water and 

part of their lives in salt water. Anadromous fish ascend from the sea to spawn in 

freshwater streams. 
4 References and Lists 

2 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Aquifer 

 A unit of rock or gravel that stores and transmits enough water to be 

hydrologically significant. 

Background 

 The distant part of a viewed landscape, located from three or five miles to 

infinity from the viewer. 

Bark lechates 

Soluble organic compounds released into water from bark. Lechates cause the 

water to have a yellow to brown color. 

Basal Area 

Total cross-sectional area of a tree or a stand of trees. This is measured at 

breast height and can be expressed in either square feet per acre or square 

meters per hectare. 

Beach Fringe 

The area, typically forested, that is inland from saltwater shorelines. 

Best Management Practices (BMPs) 

Practices specified in the Soil and Water Conservation Handbook (FSH 

2509.22), and used during the planning, design, and implementation of timber 

sale projects, for the protection of water quality from non-point source 

pollution in accordance with the Clean Water Act. 

Biogeographic Provinces 

Twenty-one ecological subdivisions of Southeast Alaska that are identified by 

generally distinct ecological, physiogeographic, and biogeographic features. 

Plant and animal species composition, climate, and geology within each 

province are generally more similar within than among adjacent provinces. 

Historical events (such as glaciers and uplifting) are important to the nature of 

the province and to the barriers that distinguish each province. 

Biodiversity 

The variability among living organisms, including the variability within and 

between species, and within and between ecosystems. 

Biological Assessment 

A “biological evaluation” conducted for major Federal construction projects 

requiring an environmental impact statement, in accordance with legal 

requirements under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 

1536(c)). The purpose of the assessment and resulting document is to 

determine whether the proposed action is likely to affect a species that has 

been listed or proposed as an endangered or threatened species. 

Biological Evaluation 

A documented Forest Service review of Forest Service programs or activities 

in sufficient detail to determine how an action or proposed action may affect 

any species that has been listed or proposed as threatened, endangered, or 

sensitive. 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 3 

Biological Opinion 

An official report by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine 

Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued in response to a formal Forest Service request for 

consultation or conference. It states whether an action is likely to result in jeopardy 

to a species or adverse modification of its critical habitat. 

Board foot 

A unit of timber measurement equaling the amount of wood contained in an 

unfinished board one inch thick, 12 inches long, and 12 inches wide. 

Buffer 

An area of undisturbed or lightly disturbed forest reserved to isolate activity areas 

from sensitive areas. 

Carrying Capacity 

The estimated maximum number of individuals within a wildlife species that can be 

sustained over the long-term within a specified area. Carrying capacity is often used 

interchangeably with the term habitat capability. 

Channel Type 

A means of defining stream sections based on landform relief, geology, and channel 

characteristics such as width, gradient, and incision. For descriptions, see “Channel 

Type Field Guide,” Forest Service publication R10-MB-6. 

Clearcut 

Harvesting method in which all trees are cleared in one cut. It prepares the area for a 

new, even-aged stand. The area harvested may be a patch, strip, or stand large 

enough to be mapped or recorded as a separate age class in planning. 

Climax Plant Community 

An assemblage of plants and that is relatively stable over time and which represents 

the late stages of succession under the current climate and soil conditions. 

Closed Roads

Roads that have been placed in Maintenance Level 1 and are not open to motorized 

vehicles, although they may be accessible to non-motorized users. Road drainage 

structures may or may not be removed. 

Coarse Canopy Old-growth forest 

Old-growth forest that has lower crown density (number of trees) and non-uniform 

crown sizes and heights, including large crowns and many canopy gaps. Coarse 

canopies are usually found on aspects where the forest is protected from winds that 

result in catastrophic blowdown events. 

Colluvium 

Mineral material that is weathered in place or transported as a result of gravity. 

Connectivity 

A measure of the extent that forest areas between or outside habitat reserves provide 

wildlife habitat for breeding, feeding, dispersal, and movement. 

 
4 References and Lists 

4 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Cubic Foot 

A cube of wood with 1-foot sides. The cubic foot volume is a measure of the 

total sound wood in a tree and is a more accurate measure of wood volume 

than board foot. 

Culturally Modified Tree (CMT) 

Trees that have been altered by human use, usually for the exploitation of bark 

and wood products. 

Cumulative Effects 

The impacts on the environment resulting from the addition of the incremental 

impacts of past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless 

of what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such actions. 

Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively 

significant actions occurring over time. 

Decommissioning 

Activities that result in the stabilization and restoration of unneeded roads to a 

more natural state (36 CFR 212.1), (FSM 7703). 

Deer Winter Habitat 

Locations that provide food and shelter for Sitka Black-tailed deer under 

moderately severe to severe winter conditions. Usually associated with high 

volume old-growth stands at low elevation and with south aspects. 

Designated Road 

A National Forest System road, a National Forest System trail, or an area on 

National Forest System lands that is designated for motor vehicle use pursuant 

to CFR 212.51 on a motor vehicle use map (36 CFR 212.1). 

Desired Future Condition 

A statement of the ultimate goal for resources and uses of an area. 

Developed Recreation 

Recreation that requires facilities that, in turn, result in concentrated use of an 

area, such as campgrounds and picnic areas. Facilities in these areas might 

include roads, parking lots, picnic tables, toilets, drinking water, and 

buildings. See also Dispersed Recreation. 

Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) 

The diameter of a standing tree at a point four feet, six inches from ground 

level. 

Direct Employment 

The jobs that are immediately associated with a given activity. 

Dispersed Recreation 

Recreational activities that are not confined to a specific place and are 

generally outside developed recreation sites. This includes activities such as 

scenic driving, hiking, backpacking, hunting, fishing, snowmobiling, cross- 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 5 

country skiing, and recreation in primitive environments. See also Developed 

Recreation. 

Distance Zones 

Areas of landscapes visible from priority travel routes and use areas categorized by 

distance criteria. (Foreground: 0 to 1⁄4- 1⁄2 mile, Middleground: 1⁄4 - 1⁄2 to 3-5 miles, 

or Background: greater than 3-5 miles). Used as a frame of reference in which to 

discuss landscape characteristics and management activities. 

Ecological Subsections 

Eighty-five terrestrial ecosystems mapped and described for Southeast Alaska and 

adjoining areas of Canada in Nowacki et al. 2001. These mid-sized terrestrial 

ecosystems (10-1,000 mi2) embody similar ecological characteristics (e.g., 

landforms, streams, vegetation, soils, and wetlands) and provide a practical basis for 

ecosystem management, planning, and research. 

Endangered Species 

Any species of animal or plant that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a 

significant portion of its range. Plant or animal species are identified by the 

Secretary of the Interior as endangered in accordance with the 1973 Endangered 

Species Act. 

Endemic 

Peculiar to a particular locality; indigenous. 

Estuary 

A landform characterized by the presence of, and the mixing of fresh water and salt 

water at the mouth of a stream, and where salt marshes and intertidal mudflats are 

present. The landward extent of an estuary is the limit of salt-intolerant vegetation, 

and the seaward extent is a stream’s delta at mean low water. 

Even-aged Management 

The application of a combination of actions that result in the creation of stands in 

which trees of essentially the same age grow together. The difference in age 

between trees forming the main canopy level of a stand usually does not exceed 20 

percent of the age of the stand at harvest rotation age. Clearcut, shelterwood, or 

seed tree cutting methods produce even-aged stands. 

Fluvial 

Of, or pertaining to, streams and rivers. 

Forbs 

A category of herbaceous plants that are not included in the grass, shrub or tree 

categories; generally smaller flowering plants. 

Foreground 

A term used to describe the area immediately adjacent to a viewer, typically located 

less than 1⁄4 mile in distance. 

Forest Land 

Land at least 10 percent occupied by forest trees of any size or formerly having had 

such tree cover and not currently developed for non-forest use. 
4 References and Lists 

6 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Forest Plan 

Source of management direction for an individual Forest specifying activity 

and output levels for a period of 10-15 years. Management direction in the 

plan is based on issues identified at the time of the plan’s development. 

Forest Road or Trail 

A road or trail, wholly or partly within or adjacent to and serving the National 

Forest System, that the Forest Service determines is necessary for the 

protection, administration, and utilization of the National Forest System and 

the use and development of its resources. 

Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines 

A set of rules and guidance that directs management activities and establishes 

the environmental quality, natural renewable and depletable resource 

requirements, conservation potential, and mitigation measures that apply to 

several land use designations. 

Gap Phase Dynamics 

The processes by which the death of one or a few overstory trees acts like a 

small minor disturbance and permits a small, single-even-aged stand to grow 

from existing vegetation or seed germination. 

Geographic Information System (GIS) 

A computerized map database that is used to store and evaluate site-specific 

information. 

Habitat 

The sum total of environmental conditions of a specific place that is occupied 

by an organism, population, or community of plants or animals. 

Habitat Capability 

Estimated maximum number of fish or wildlife that can be supported by the 

amount and distribution of suitable habitat in an area. Habitat capability is 

often used interchangeably with the term carrying capacity. 

Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) 

A measure of the capability of the habitat to support specific wildlife, based 

on a variety of environmental factors such as slope, elevation, aspect, and 

forest type. 

Heritage Resources 

The prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included 

in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places. The 

term includes artifacts, records, and remains that are related to and located 

within such properties. 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 7 

High Hazard Soil 

Soil that is prone to mass movement. Soil type, geologic bedding, and slope angle 

are factors considered when establishing which sites are high hazard. 

Hydric Soils 

Soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough 

during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. 

Hydrologic Recovery 

A return to natural conditions of water collection, storage, and discharge. 

Indirect Employment 

The jobs in service industries that are associated with or support a given activity. 

Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) 

A group of individuals with different training assembled to solve a problem or 

perform a task. The team is assembled out of recognition that no one scientific 

discipline is sufficiently broad to adequately solve the problem. Through 

interaction, participants bring different points of view and a broader range of 

expertise to bear on the problem or task. 

Intermediate Stand Treatment 

A stand management treatment that manipulates stand growth, composition, 

structure, or tree quality. Intermediate treatments include thinning, pruning, release, 

salvage, and sanitation cutting. These stand treatments do not attempt to obtain new 

tree regeneration. Some treatments such as salvage cutting or commercial thinning 

result in the harvest of forest products. 

Inventoried Roadless Areas 

National Forest System lands identified as undeveloped areas typically exceeding 

5,000 acres that met the minimum criteria for wilderness consideration under the 

Wilderness Act and that were inventoried during the Forest Service’s Roadless Area 

Review and Evaluation (RARE II) process, subsequent assessments, or forest 

planning. These areas are identified by the Roadless Conservation Area Rule. 

Irretrievable Commitments 

Loss of production or use of renewable natural resources for a period of time. The 

production or use lost is irretrievable, but not irreversible. 

Irreversible Commitments 

Decisions causing changes that cannot be reversed. Often applies to nonrenewable 

resources such as minerals and cultural resources. 

Karst 

A type of topography that develops in areas underlain by soluble rocks, primarily 

limestone. Dissolution of the subsurface strata results in areas of well-developed, 

surface drainage that are sinkholes, collapsed channels, or caves. 
4 References and Lists 

8 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Land Use Designation (LUD) 

A defined area of land, identified by the Forest Plan, to which specific 

management direction is applied. 

Large Woody Debris (LWD) 

Any large piece of relatively stable woody material having a least diameter of 

greater than 10 centimeters and length greater than one meter than intrudes 

into the stream channel. 

Log Transfer Facility (LTF) 

The site and structures which are used for moving logs and timber products 

from land-based transportation forms to water-based transportation forms. 

Low-productive Forest Land 

Forested land that does not support enough timber volume to meet the criteria 

for productive forest land. 

Management Indicator Species (MIS) 

Vertebrate or invertebrate wildlife species whose response to land 

management activities can be used to predict the likely response of other 

species with similar habitat requirements. The National Forest Management 

Act regulations prescribe the use of management indicator species. 

Mass Movement 

General term for a variety of processes by which large masses of soil and 

rock material are moved down slope by gravity either slowly or quickly. 

Mass movement is often used interchangeably with the term landslide. 

Mass Movement Index (MMI) 

Rating used to group soil map units that have similar properties with respect 

to the stability of natural slopes. 

Middleground 

The visible terrain beyond the foreground where individual trees are still 

visible but do not stand out distinctly from the landscape. The area is located 

from 1⁄4 mile to 3-5 miles from the viewer. 

Mitigation 

Measure designed to counteract or reduce environmental impacts. These 

measures may include: avoiding an impact by not taking a certain action or 

part of an action; minimizing an impact by limiting the degree or magnitude 

of an action and its implementation; rectifying the impact by repairing, 

rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment; reducing or eliminating 

the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the 

life of the action; or compensating for the impact by replacing or providing 

substitute resources or environments. 

Monitoring 

A process of collecting information to evaluate whether or not objectives of a 

project and its mitigation plan are being realized. Monitoring can occur at 

different levels: to confirm whether mitigation measures were carried out in 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 9 

the matter called for (Implementation Monitoring); to confirm whether mitigation 

measures were effective (Effectiveness Monitoring); or, to validate whether overall 

goals and objectives were appropriate (Validation Monitoring). 

Multiple Use 

The management of all the various renewable surface resources of the National 

Forest System so that they are used in the combination that will best meet the needs 

of the American people; harmonious and coordinated management of the various 

resources, each with the other, without impairment of the productivity of the land, 

with consideration being given to the relative values of the various resources. 

Muskeg 

A bog, often dominated by sphagnum moss, frequently with deep accumulations of 

organic material, occurring in wet, poorly drained northern regions. Peatland. 

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) 

An act declaring it a national policy to encourage productive harmony between 

humans and their environment and to promote efforts to better understand and 

prevent damage to ecological systems and natural resources important to the nation. 

Requires agencies to prepare detailed environmental impact statements for any 

major federal action significantly affecting the environment. 

National Forest Management Act (NFMA) 

A law passed in 1976 that amends the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 

Planning Act, requires the preparation of Forest plans, requires the identification of 

management indicator species, and defines parameters for timber suitability. 

National Forest System Road 

A forest road other than a road which has been authorized by a legally documented 

right-of-way held by a State, county, or local public road authority (36 CFR 212.1). 

National Register of Historic Places 

A register of historic properties of national, state, or local significance, maintained 

by the Department of the Interior. 

Non-interchangeable Component (NIC) 

Non-interchangeable components (NICs) are defined as increments of the suitable 

land base and their contribution to the allowable sale quantity (ASQ) that are 

established to meet Forest plan objectives. NICs are identified as parcels of land 

and the type of timber thereon which are differentiated for the purpose of Forest 

plan implementation. The total ASQ is derived from the sum of the timber volumes 

from all NICs. The NICs cannot be substituted for each other in the timber sale 

program. 

Old-growth Forest 

Ecosystems distinguished by the later stages of forest stand development that differ 

significantly from younger forests in structure, ecological function, and species 

composition. Old-growth forests are characterized by a patchy, multi-layered 

canopy; trees that represent many age classes; large trees that dominate the 

overstory; large standing dead (snags) or decadent trees; and higher accumulations 
4 References and Lists 

10 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

of large down woody material. The structure and function of an old-growth 

ecosystem will be influenced by its stand size and landscape position and 

context. 

Old-growth Habitat Reserve 

A contiguous unit of old-growth forest habitat to be managed to maintain the 

integrity of the old-growth forest ecosystem. 

Interior Old-growth 

Old-growth habitat (high, medium, and low volume strata) excluding a 

distance or buffer of two to three tree lengths (an average of 300 feet) around 

its inside perimeter. 

Open Road Density 

The length of NFS roads open for public access and use per unit area of land; 

usually expressed as miles of open road per square mile of land. 

Overstory 

The portion of trees in a forest that forms the uppermost layer of foliage. 

Canopy. 

Palustrine 

Non-tidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, 

emergent mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas 

where salinity is below 0.50 percent. 

Plant Association 

Climax forest plant community type representing the endpoint of succession. 

Pole Timber 

An immature tree between 5 and 9 inches diameter breast height. 

Polychaetes 

A class of worms. 

Precommercial Thinning 

The practice of removing some of the trees of less than marketable size from 

a stand in order to achieve various management objectives. 

Practicable 

In reference to the Alaska Coastal Management Program, consistent with 

enforceable policies of approved management programs unless compliance is 

prohibited based upon the requirements of existing law applicable to the 

Federal agency’s operations. 

Process Group 

A combination of similar stream channel types based on major differences in 

landform, gradient, and channel geometry. 

Productive Forest Land 

Forest land that is capable of producing at least 20 cubic feet of annual tree 

growth per acre or contains at least 8,000 board feet of net timber volume per 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 11 

acre. This includes second-growth stands that have regenerated with conifer 

species after natural or human disturbance. 

Productive Old-growth 

Old-growth stands capable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre per year with 8,000 

or more board feet of timber per acre. 

Programmed Commercial Timber Harvest 

Timber harvest that occurs on suitable forested lands that contributes to the Tongass 

National Forest Allowable Sale Quantity. 

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) 

A system for planning and managing resources that categorizes recreation 

opportunities into seven classes. Each class is defined in terms of the degree to 

which it satisfies certain recreation experience needs based on the extent to which 

the natural environment has been modified, the type of facilities provided, the 

degree of outdoor skills needed to enjoy the area and the relative density of 

recreation use. 

Recreation Places 

Identified geographical areas having one or more physical characteristics that are 

particularly attractive to people in recreation activities. They may be beaches, 

streamsides or roadside areas, trail corridors, hunting areas or the immediate area 

surrounding a lake, cabin site, or campground. 

Recreation Sites 

A specific site and/or facility occurring within a Recreation Place. Some examples 

of Recreation Sites are: recreation cabins, trailheads, picnic areas, and wildlife 

viewing blinds. 

Redd 

A nest made in gravel, consisting of a depression hydraulically dug by a fish for egg 

deposition and then refilled with gravel. 

Reserve Trees 

Merchantable or submerchantable trees and snags that are left within the harvest 

unit to provide biological habitat components over the rotation. 

Resident Fish 

Fish that are not anadromous and that reside in fresh water on a permanent basis. 

Resident fish include cutthroat trout and Dolly Varden char. 

Riparian Management Area 

The area including land, water, and plants in and adjacent to streams and lakes that 

is managed according to specific standards and guidelines prescribed for each 

stream process group. 

Road 

A motor vehicle route over 50 inches wide, unless identified and managed as a 

trail.(36 CFR 212.1) 
4 References and Lists 

12 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Road Construction

Supervising, inspecting, actual building, and incurrence of all costs 

incidental to the construction of a road. (36 CFR 212.1) 

Road Decommissioning 

Activities that result in restoration of unneeded roads to a more natural state. 

These roads are not part of the National Forest System Roads. (36 CFR 

212.1) 

Road Maintenance 

Ongoing upkeep of a road necessary to maintain or restore the road in 

accordance with its road management objectives. (FSM 7714) 

Road Reconditioning 

Heavier maintenance of an existing road such as culvert replacement, 

surface rock replacement, and subgrade repair. Renovation or restoration of 

an existing fixed asset or any of its components in order to restore the 

functionality or life of the asset. Reconditioning involves no significant 

expansion or change of purpose for the fixed asset. (Financial Health - 

Common Definitions for Maintenance and Construction Terms, July 22, 

1998) 

Road Management Objective (RMO) 

Defines the intended purpose of an individual road based on Management 

Area direction and access management objectives. Road management 

objectives contain design criteria, operation criteria and maintenance 

criteria. Long-term and short-term roads have RMOs. 

Rotation 

The planned number of years between the time that a forest stand is 

regenerated and its next cutting at a specified stage of maturity. 

Sawtimber 

Trees that are suitable in size and quality for the production of dimensional 

lumber. 

Scoping Process 

Early and open activities used to determine the scope and significance of a 

proposed action, what level of analysis is required, what data is needed, and 

what level of public participation is appropriate. Scoping focuses on the 

issues surrounding the proposed action and the range of actions, alternatives, 

and impacts to be considered in an EA or EIS. 

Second Growth 

Forest growth that has come up naturally or has been planted after 

disturbance (for example, harvest, serious fire, or insect attack). 

Seen Landscape 

Those areas visible from the most frequently used travelways (boat route, 

recreation road, or trail) or use area (recreation cabin or anchorage). 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 13 

Seldom-seen, or Not-seen, Landscape 

Those areas not visible from the most frequently used travelways (boat route, 

recreation road, or trail) or use area (recreation cabin or anchorage). 

Sensitive Species 

Animal and plant species identified by the Regional Forester as potentially 

susceptible or vulnerable to activity impacts or habitat alterations and, therefore, in 

need of special considerations during land management activity planning. 

Shell Midden 

A term referring to shell and bone that have been discarded after harvest and 

processing for subsistence use. 

Side-slope Break 

The abrupt change (usually decreases) in slope gradient defining the upper limit of 

stream channel incision. 

Silviculture 

The theory and practice of managing forest vegetation. Silviculture involves the 

appropriate application of ecological, social, and economic principles of vegetative 

management to achieve resource management objectives and desired future forest 

conditions. 

Silvicultural Prescription 

Detailed direction about methods, techniques, timing, and monitoring of vegetative 

treatments. A prescription is prepared by a silviculturist who uses interdisciplinary 

input to best achieve established objectives, direction, and requirements for land 

managed by the Forest Service. 

Silvicultural System 

A management process whereby forests are tended, harvested, and replaced 

resulting in a forest of distinctive form. Systems are classified according to the 

method of carrying out the process. 

Site Index 

A measure of the relative productive capacity of an area for growing wood. 

Measurement of site index is based on height of the dominant trees in a stand at a 

given age. 

Soil Productivity 

Capacity of soil to produce plant growth due to the soil’s chemical, physical, and 

biological properties. 

Sortyard 

A location used to sort grades, types, and size of logs. 

Stand 

A group of trees occupying a specific area and sufficiently uniform in composition, 

age arrangement, and condition as to be distinguishable from the forest in adjoining 

areas. 
4 References and Lists 

14 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

State Selection 

Application by Alaska Department of Natural Resources to the Bureau of 

Land Management for conveyance of a portion of the 400,000-acre State 

entitlement from vacant and unappropriated National Forest System lands in 

Alaska under the Alaska Statehood Act. 

Storage 

The process/action of closing a road to vehicle traffic and placing it in a 

condition that requires minimum maintenance to protect the environment 

and preserve the facility for future use. 

Stream Discharge 

Flow rate of water in a stream channel. 

Stream Value Class 

A means to categorize stream channels based on their fish production 

values. There are four stream classes defined by the Forest Plan. They are: 

Class I. Streams and lakes with anadromous or adfluvial fish habitat; or 

high quality resident fish waters listed in Appendix 68.1, Region 10 Aquatic 

Habitat Management Handbook (FSH 2609.24), June 1986; or habitat above 

fish migration barriers known to be reasonable enhancement opportunities 

for anadromous fish. 

Class II. Streams and lakes with resident fish populations and generally 

steep (6-15 percent) gradient (can also include streams from 0-5 percent 

gradient) where no anadromous fish occur, and otherwise not meeting Class 

I criteria. These populations have limited fisheries values and generally 

occur upstream of migration barriers or have other habitat features that 

preclude anadromous fish use. 

Class III. Perennial and intermittent streams with no fish populations but 

which have sufficient flow or transport sediment and debris to have an 

immediate influence on downstream water quality or fish habitat capability. 

These streams generally have bankfull widths greater than five feet and are 

highly incised into the surrounding hillslope. 

Class IV. Intermittent, ephemeral, and small perennial channels with 

insufficient flow or sediment transport capabilities to have an immediate 

influence on downstream water quality or fish habitat capability. These 

streams generally are shallowly incised into the surrounding hillslope. 

Structural Diversity 

The diversity of forest structure, both vertically and horizontally, which 

provides for variety of forest habitats such as logs and multi-layered forest 

canopy for plants and animals. 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 15 

Subspecies 

An aggregate of similar populations of a species generally inhabiting a geographic 

subdivision of the range of the species and differing taxonomically (e.g. different 

size or color) from other populations of the species. 

Subsurface Flow 

Water moving laterally through and beneath the soil mantle. 

Succession 

The ecological progression of plant community change over time, characterized by 

displacements of species leading to a relatively stable climax community. 

Suitable Forest Land 

Forest land that is producing or is capable of producing crops of industrial wood 

and: a) has not been withdrawn by Congress, the Secretary of Agriculture, or the 

Chief of the Forest Service, b)existing technology and knowledge is available to 

ensure timber production without irreversible damage to soils productivity, or 

watershed conditions, c)existing technology and knowledge, as reflected in current 

research and experience, provides reasonable assurance that it is possible to restock 

adequately within five years after final harvest, d)adequate information is available 

to project responses to timber management activities, and e) where timber harvest is 

allowed under the Forest Plan. 

Sustained Yield 

The amount of renewable resources that can be produced continuously at a given 

intensity of management. 

Temporary Road or Trail 

A road or trail necessary for emergency operations or authorized by contract, 

permit, lease, or other written authorization that is not a forest road or trail and that 

is not included in a forest transportation atlas. (36 CFR 212.1) 

Threatened Species 

Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable 

future throughout all or a significant portion of its range and which has been 

designated in the Federal Register by the Secretary of the Interior as a threatened 

species. 

Tiering 

Elimination of repetitive discussions of the same issue by incorporating by 

reference the general discussion in an environmental impact statement of broader 

scope. For example, this EIS is tiered to the Forest Plan EIS. 

Timber Appraisal 

Establishing the fair market value of timber by taking the selling value minus 

manufacturing cost, the cost of getting logs from the stump to the manufacturer, and 

an allowance for profit and risk. 

Tongass Resource Use Cooperative Survey (TRUCS) 

A study done to gather information on subsistence uses of the Forest. 

Tongass Timber Reform Act (TTRA) 
4 References and Lists 

16 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

This act (1990) requires annual appropriations for timber management on 

the Tongass National Forest, with a provision providing for the multiple use 

and sustained yield of all renewable forest resources. 

Transpiration 

Evaporation from within the leaves of plants. 

Travel Management Atlas 

An atlas that consists of a forest transportation atlas and a motor vehicle use 

map or maps. 

Two-aged Management 

A silvicultural method designed to maintain and regenerate a stand with two 

age classes. The resulting stand may be two-aged or trend toward the 

uneven-aged condition as a consequence of both an extended period of 

regeneration establishment and retention of reserve trees that may represent 

one or more age classes. The reserve trees provide structural diversity and a 

biological legacy. Two-aged management regimes can produce stands of 

greater structural diversity than even-aged management. 

Unauthorized road or trail 

A road or trail that is not a forest road or trail or a temporary road or trail 

and that is not included in a forest transportation atlas. (36 CFR 212.1) 

Understory Vegetation 

Grass, small trees, shrubs, and other plants found beneath the overstory (the 

trees comprising the forest). 

Utility Volume 

Logs that do not meet minimum requirements for sawtimber but are suitable 

for other commercial uses. 

V-notch 

A deeply cut valley along some waterways, generally in steep, mountainous 

terrain, that would look like a “V” from a frontal view. 

Value Comparison Unit (VCU) 

A distinct geographic area that generally encompasses a drainage basin 

containing one or more large stream systems. Boundaries usually follow 

easily recognizable watershed divides. These units were established in the 

Forest Plan to provide a common set of areas for which resource inventories 

could be conducted and resource value interpretations made. 

Viable Population 

For forest planning purposes a fish or wildlife population which has the 

estimated number and distribution of reproductive individuals to ensure its 

continued existence is well distributed in the National Forest. 

Viewshed 

A distinct area of land visible from identified travelways (boat route, 

recreation road, or trail) or use areas (recreation cabin or anchorage). 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 17 

Visual Absorption Capacity (VAC) 

An estimate of the relative ability of a landscape to absorb alteration yet retain its 

visual integrity. 

Visual Quality Objective (VQO) 

A desired level of scenic quality and diversity of natural features based on physical 

and sociological characteristics of an area. Refers to the degree of acceptable 

alterations of the characteristic landscape. 

Volume Class 

Term used to describe the average volume of timber per acre in thousands of board 

feet (MBF). 

Volume Strata 

Divisions of old-growth timber volume derived from the aerial photo interpreted 

timber type data (TIMTYP) and the soils data (CLU). Three volume strata (low, 

medium, and high) are recognized in the Forest Plan. 

Watershed 

That area that contributes water to a drainage or stream; portion of a forest in 

which all surface water drains to a common point. Can range from a few tens of 

acres that drain a single small intermittent stream to many thousands of acres for a 

stream that drains hundreds of connected intermittent and perennial streams. 

Water Yield 

The total amount of water draining from a watershed within a year. 

Wetlands 

Areas that are inundated by surface or ground water with a frequency sufficient, 

under normal circumstances, to support a prevalence of vegetative or aquatic life 

that requires saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth and 

reproduction. Wetlands generally include muskegs, marshes, bogs, sloughs, 

potholes, river overflows, mud flats, wet meadows, seeps, and springs. 

Wild and Scenic River 

Rivers or sections of rivers designated by congressional action under the 1968 

Wild and Scenic Rivers Act or by an act of the Legislature of the state or states 

through which they flow. 

Wilderness 

Areas designated under the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness is defined as 

undeveloped federal land retaining its primeval character and influence without 

permanent improvements or human habitation. Wilderness areas are protected and 

managed to preserve their natural conditions. In Alaska, wilderness also has been 

designated by TTRA and ANILCA. 

Wildlife Analysis Area (WAA) 

A division of land used by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for wildlife 

analysis. 
4 References and Lists 

18 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Windfirm 

Configuration of harvest units so as not to create an opening that exposes the 

adjacent stand of timber to the direction of the major prevailing storm wind 

(southeast). 

Windthrow (Blowdown) 

The process by which trees are uprooted, blown down, or broken off by 

storm winds. Three types of windthrow include: endemic, where individual 

trees are blown over; catastrophic; where a major windstorm can destroy 

hundreds of acres of trees; and management related, where the clearing of 

trees in an area makes the adjacent standing trees vulnerable to windthrow. 

Winter Range 

An area, usually at lower elevations, used by big game during the winter 

months; usually smaller and better defined than summer ranges. 

Yarding 

Hauling timber from the stump to a collection point. 
Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 19 

References 

Alaback, P.B. 1982. Forest Community Structural Changes During Secondary 

Succession in Southeast Alaska. Proceedings in: Forest Succession and Stand 

Development Research in the Northwest Symposium; March 26, 1981; 

Corvallis, OR: Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. 

Alarid, S. Primaky, G. May, 15, 2007. GIS Marten Model Run. Wildcomb04. USDA 

Forest Service, Petersburg Ranger District. 

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. 2000. Alaska’s Nonpoint Pollution 

Control Strategy. Juneau, AK. 100 pp. 

http://www.dec.state.ak.us/water/wnpspc/pdfs/npsstrategy%20final.pdf. 

Accessed July 6, 2005. 

Alexander, S. Housley, R. Vaughan, K. 2007. Impact on Indicated Advertised Value of 

Limited Interstate Shipments of Unprocessed Sitka Spruce and Western 

Hemlock Timber. USDA. Regional Office. 

Beier, Paul and Reed F. Noss. 1998. Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?. 

Conservation Biology 12:6. pp. 1241-1252. December 1998. 12 pp. 

Beschta, R.L., Bilby, R.E., Brown, G.B., Holtby, L.B., Hofstra, T.D. 1987. Streamside 

Management, Forestry and Fisheries Interactions. Chapter 6: Stream 

Temperature and Aquatic Habitat: Fisheries and Forestry Interactions. Salo, 

E. O. and T. W. Cundy (Editors). Institute of Forest Resources, University of 

Washington, Seattle WA, pp. 191-232. 

Beschta, R.L., Pyles, M.R., Skaugset, A.E., Surfleet, C.G. 2000. Peakflow responses to 

forest practices in the western cascades of Oregon, USA. Journal of 

Hydrology. 233: 102-120. 

Brainard, J. D., III. 1996. Letter to Forrest Cole: Deer die-off on Kuiu Island, Alaska, 

winter of 1971-72. USDA Forest Service, Stikine Area, Tongass National 

Forest. April 15, 1996 3pp. 

Brardinoni, F., Hassan, M.A., Slaymaker, H.O. 2002. Complex mass wasting response 

of drainage basins to forest management in coastal British Columbia. 

Geomorphology. 49: 109-124. 

Campbell, T. M. 1979. Short-Term Effects of Timber Harvest on Pine Marten Ecology. 

M. S. Thesis. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins. 71pp. 

Caouette, J.P.; M.G. Kramer; and G.J. Nowacki. 2000. Deconstructing the timber 

volume paradigm in management of the Tongass National Forest. USDA 

Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. General Technical 

Report PNW-GTR-482. March 2000. 28pp. 
4 References and Lists 

20 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Code of Federal Regulations. Washington, D.C.: Office of Federal Register National 

Archives and Records Administration. 

36 CFR Subtitle B Protection of Inventoried Roadless Areas 

36 CFR 219.110 Parks, Forests, and Public Property: Planning

 36 CFR 800 Parks, Forests, and Public Property: Protection of Historic and 

Cultural Properties 

40 CFR 1501.7 Protection of Environment: NEPA and Agency Planning, 

Scoping 

40 CFR 1502.14 Protection of Environment: Environmental Impact Statement, 

Alternatives including the proposed action 

40 CFR 1502.22 Protection of Environment: Environmental Impact Statement, 

Incomplete or unavailable information 

Cole, F. 2005. Timber Harvest Project Environmental Analysis. File Code: 

1920/2430. May 25, 2005, 4pp. 

Cook, J.A. 2001. Conroy, C.J. Demboski, J. Fleming, M.A., Runck, A.M., Stone, 

K.D., Macdonald, S.O. A phylogeographic perspective on endemism in the 

Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska. Biological Conservation 

97(2001) 215-227. 

Deal, R.L. 2001. The effects of partial cutting on forest plant communities of 

western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 

31: 2067-2079 (2001). November 8, 2001. 

Deal, R.L. and J.C. Tappeiner. 2000. The effects of partial cutting on stand structure 

and growth of western hemlock – Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska. 

Forest Ecology and Management 5486 (2001) 1-14. 

DeGayner, E. J. October 1992. The role and reliability of habitat capability models. 

USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, P. O. Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802. 

DeGayner, E. J. 1996a. Black-tailed Deer Assessment Panel Summary. Letter to 

TLMP Revision Planning File dated February 5, 1996, 8 pp plus attachments. 

DeGayner, E. J. 1996b. Black-tailed Deer Habitat model Review Meeting Notes and 

Model Outputs. Letter to TLMP Revision Planning File dated June 17, 1996, 

4 pp plus attachments. 

Doerr, J.G., E.J. DeGayner and G. Ith. 2005. Winter habitat selection by Sitka blacktailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 69 (1): 322-331. 

Flynn, R. W., T. V. Schumacher and M. Ben-David. 2004. Abundance, prey 

availability and diets of American martens: implications for the design of old 

growth reserves in Southeast Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 

Division of Wildlife Conservation. Final Report U. S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service Grant DCN 70181-1-G133. December 

Foley, Chris. 2006. Personal communication. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Department of 

Environmental Conservation, Environmental Program Specialist. 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 21 

Geier, T.W. 1998. A Proposed Two-Tiered Sediment Risk Assessment for Potential Fish 

Habitat Impacts from Forest Management in Southeast Alaska. Supervisors 

Office Ketchikan Area, USDA Forest Service, Ketchikan, Alaska. 22 pp. 

Harr, R.D., Harper, W.C., Krygier, J.T., Hsieh, F. 1975. Changes in storm hydrographs 

after road building and clear-cutting in the Oregon Coast Range. Water 

Resources Research 11(3): 436-444. 

Hicks, B.J., Beschta, R.L., Harr, D.R. 1991(a). Long-term changes in streamflow 

following logging in western Oregon and associated fisheries implications. 

Water Resources Bulletin. 27(2): 217-226. 

Hicks, B.J., Hall, J.D., Bisson, P.A., and Sedell, J.R. 1991(b). Influences of Forest and 

Rangeland Management on Salmonid Fishes and Their Habitats - Responses 

of Salmonids to Habitat Changes. American Fisheries Society Special 

Publication 19, pages 483-518. 

Jacobson, M. 2006. Personal correspondence regarding Bald eagle nest located by 

Rowan Bay LTF outside the Kuiu Project Area. Juneau, Alaska. United 

States Department of the Interior. Wildlife Biologist. 

Johnson, J., Weiss, Ed, and Maclean, Scott. 2004. 2004 Catalog of Waters Important for 

Spawning, Rearing, or Migration of Anadromous Fishes - Southern Region. 

Effective January 15, 2005. ADF&G, November 2004, 465 pp.. 

Jones, J.A., and G.E. Grant. 1996. Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in 

small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon. Water Resources 

Research. 32(4): 595-974. 

Jones, J.A. 2000. Hydrologic processes and peak discharge response to forest removal, 

regrowth, and roads in 10 small experimental basins, western Cascades, 

Oregon. Water Resources Research 36(9): 2621-2642. 

Julin, K. R. and D. V. D’Amore. 2003. Tree growth on forested wetlands of 

Southeastern Alaska following clearcutting. Western Journal of Applied 

Forestry 18:30-34. 

Kramer, M. 1997. Abiotic Controls on Windthrow and Forest Dynamics in a Coastal 

Temperate Rainforest, Kuiu Island, Southeast Alaska. Master’s thesis, 

Montana State University, Bozeman, Mt. 

Kruse, J. and R. Frazier. 1988. Report to the community of { }: Tongass resource use 

cooperative survey (TRUCS). A report series prepared for 31 communities in 

southeast Alaska. Institute of Social and Economic research, University of 

Alaska in Anchorage in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service and the 

Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Juneau. 

Landwehr, D.J. 1998. The Effectiveness of Standards and Guidelines in Preventing 

Additional Mass Movement. An 89-94 KPC FEIS Monitoring Report 

Ketchikan Area Watershed Group Final. February. Unpublished report. 
4 References and Lists 

22 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Landwehr, D.J. and G. Nowacki. 1999. Statistical Review of Soil Disturbance 

Transect Data Collected on the Ketchikan Area, Tongass National Forest. 

February. Unpublished Report. 

Lowell, Richard E. 2002. Unit 1A black bear management report. Pages 24-34 in C. 

Healy, editor. Black bear management report of survey and inventory 

activities 1 July 1998-30 June 2001. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 

Proj. 17.0. Juneau, Alaska. 

Lowell, Richard. 2006. Personal Communication. Petersburg, Alaska. Alaska 

Department of Fish and Game. October 12, 2006. 

Lyons, J.K., Beschta, R.L. 1983. Land use, floods, and channel changes: Upper 

Middle Fork Willamette River, Oregon (1936-1980). Water Resources 

Research. 19(2): 463-471. 

Madej, M.A., 1999. Temporal and Spatial Variability in Thalweg Profiles of a 

Gravel Bed River. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24: 1153-1169. 

Montgomery, D.R., Buffington, J.M. 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain 

drainage basins. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 109(5): 596-

611. 

Montgomery, D.R., Buffington, J.M. 1998. Channel Processes, Classification and 

Response. In: River Ecology and Management, Lessons from the Pacific 

Coastal Ecoregion. Naiman, R.J., Bilby, R.E., and Kantor, S. eds. SpringerVerlag, New York. 

Nowacki, G., et al. 2001. Ecological Subsections of Southeast Alaska and

Neighboring Areas of Canada. Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region. R10-TP-75 

Oliver, C. D. and B. C. Larson 1990. Forest Stand Dynamics: Updated Edition. John 

Wiley & Sons, Inc. 

Pardini, Renata, Sergio Marques de Souza, Ricard Braga-Neto, and Jean Paul 

Metzger. 2005. The role of forest structure, fragment size and corridors in 

maintaining small mammal abundance and diversity in an Atlantic forest 

landscape. Biological Conservation. 124 (2005) 253-266. 

Peacock, E. 2004. Population, Genetic and Behavioral Studies of Black Bears 

Ursus americanus in Southeast Alaska. PhD thesis, University of Nevada, 

Reno. December 2004, 230pp. 

Person, D..K.; M. Kirchhoff, V. Van Ballenberghe, G.C. Iverson and E. Grossman. 

1996. The Alexander Archipelago Wolf: A Conservation Assessment. 

USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General 

Technical Report PNW-GTR-384. November 1996, 42 pp. 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 23 

Person, D.; M. Kirchhoff; V. Van Ballenberghe and R. T. Bowyer. 1997. A letter to 

Beth Pendleton Leader of the Tongass Land Management Planning Team 

concerning the basic population ecology relevant to the wolf conservation 

assessment. September 19, 1997. 

Person, D.K. August 2001. Alexander Archipelago Wolves: Ecology and Population 

Viability in a Disturbed, Insular Landscape. Ph.D. Thesis, University of 

Alaska Fairbanks. 174 pp. 

Ruth, R.H., and A.S. Harris. 1979. Management of Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce 

Forests for Timber Production. GTR-PNW-88. Portland, OR: U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, PNW Forest and Range 

Experimental Research Station. 

Schoen, J. 1985. Kirchoff, M. Seasonal Distribution and Home-Range Patterns of 

Sitka Black-Tailed Deer on Admiralty Island, Southeast Alaska. Journal of 

Wildlife Management 49(1):96-103.

Small, M.P., K.D. Stone and J.A. Cook. 2003. American marten (Martes americana) in 

the Pacific Northwest: population differentiation across a landscape 

fragmented in time and space. Molecular Ecology 12, 89-103.

Soutiere, E. C. 1979. Effects of timber harvesting on marten in Maine. Journal of 

Wildlife Management. 43:850-860. 

Stone K.D. and J.A. Cook. 2002. Molecular evolution of Holarctic martens (genus 

Martes, Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and 

Evolution 24 (2002) 169-179. 

Sullivan, K., Lisle, T., Dolloff, C., Grant, G., and Reid, L. 1987. Streamside 

Management, Forestry and Fisheries Interactions. Chapter 3: Stream 

Channels: The Link Between Forests and Fishes. Salo, E. O. and T. W. 

Cundy (Editors). Institute of Forest Resources, University of Washington, 

Seattle WA, pp. 39-97. 

Suring L. H., R. W. Flynn and E. J. DeGayner. 1992. Habitat Capability Model for 

Marten in Southeast Alaska: Winter Habitat. Version 5.0. USDA Forest 

Service, Alaska Region, PO Box 21628, Juneau, AK. 

Suring, L.H., D.C. Crocker-Bedford; R.W. Flynn, C.S. Hale, G.C. Iverson, M.D. 

Kirchhoff, T.E. Schenck, L.C. Shea, and K. Titus. 1994. Response to the 

Peer Review of: A Proposed Strategy for Maintaining Well-distributed, 

Viable Populations of Wildlife Associated with Old growth Forests in 

Southeast Alaska. Report of an Interagency Committee. May 1994. 11 pp. 

Swanston D. N., 1995. Overview of controlling stability characteristics of steep terrain 

in Southeast Alaska with discussion of needed standardization for mass 

movement hazard indexing on the Tongass National Forest. Unpublished 

paper on file in Kuiu Timber Sale Area planning record, Petersburg, Alaska. 
4 References and Lists 

24 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Swanston, D. N. and D. A. Marion, 1991. Landslide Response to Timber Harvest in 

Southeast Alaska. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Federal Interagency 

Sedimentation Conference, Fan S. S. and Y. H. Kuo (Editors). 

Tischendorf, Lutz and Lenore Fahrig. 2000. How should we measure landscape 

connectivity? Landscape Ecology Vol.15: 633-641. 

Thompson, I.D. 1988. Habitat needs of furbearers in relation to logging in boreal 

Ontario. For. Chron. 64:251-261. in Suring, H. L., R.W. Flynn, and E.J. 

DeGayner. 1992. Habitat Capability Model for Marten in Southeast Alaska: 

Winter Habitat. 

USDA Forest Service. 1973. Visual Character Types. Series No. R10-63. U.S. 

Forest Service, Alaska Region, Division of Recreation, Soils, and 

Watershed, Juneau, Alaska. 

USDA Forest Service. 1974. National Forest Landscape Management, Volume 2. 

Agriculture Handbook Number 462. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service. 

USDA Forest Service. 1995. Report to Congress: Anadromous Fish Habitat 

Assessment. Alaska Region: R10-MB-279. 

USDA Forest Service. 1997. Tongass National Forest Land and Resource 

Management Plan. Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Alaska Region, Tongass National Forest. R10-MB-338dd. 

USDA Forest Service. 1997. Tongass Land Management Plan Revision: Final 

Environmental Impact Statement. Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass National Forest. R10-

MB-338b. 

USDA Forest Service. 1997(d). Tongass Land Management Plan Revision: 

Appendices to Appendix N Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass National Forest. R10-

MB-338h 

USDA Forest Service. 1998. Tongass Land and Resource Management Plan 

Implementation Policy Clarification.

USDA Forest Service. 1998. Crane and Rowan Mountain Timber Sales. Tongass 

National Forest. R-10-MB-362. Juneau. July 1998. 

USDA Forest Service. 2000. Annual Monitoring and Evaluation Report for Fiscal 

Year 2000. Tongass National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

R10-MB-431. 

USDA Forest Service. 2003a. Forest Health Protection: Forest Insect and Disease 

Conditions in the United States 2001. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department 

of Agriculture, Forest Service. 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 25 

USDA Forest Service. 2003b. Tongass Land Management Plan Revision, Final 

Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. Roadless Area Evaluation 

for Wilderness Recommendations. Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass National Forest. R10-

MB-481b. February 2003. 

USDA Forest Service. 2003c. Tongass Land Management Plan Revision, Final 

Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. Roadless Area Evaluation 

for Wilderness Recommendations. Record of Decision Juneau, Alaska: U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass 

National Forest. R10-MB-481g. February 2003. 

USDA Forest Service. 2005. Kuiu Island Landscape Assessment. Petersburg, Alaska: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass 

National Forest, Petersburg Ranger District. R10-MB-545. 

USDA Forest Service. 2006. Kuiu Timber Sale Area Draft Environmental Impact 

Statement. Tongass National Forest. R10-MB-570. January. 

USDA Forest Service. Forest Service Manuals. 

FSM 2400 Timber Management

R10-Supp 2400-2005-1, Region 10 Supplement to FSM 2400, Timber 

Management 

FSM 2500 Watershed and Air Management

R10-Supp 2500-92-1, Region 10 Supplement to FSM 2500, Chapter 50, Soil 

Management. Region 10 Soil Quality Standards. 

USDA Forest Service. Forest Service Handbooks. 

FSH 2409.18 Timber Sale Preparation Handbook

FSH 2609.25 Subsistence Management and Use Handbook (1985)

FSH 2090.21 Aquatic Habitat Management Handbook 

Ziemer R.R. 1981. The Role of Vegetation in the Stability of Forested Slopes. USDA 

Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 

Division I. XVII International Union of Forest Research Organizations 

World Congress Proceeding-Referate-Exposes. Japan. 
26 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

List of Preparers 

Position: Hydrologist (until September 2006) 

Experience: 3 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BS Forestry Resources Management 

 MS Forest Science/Water Resources Management 

Position: Interdisciplinary Planning Team Leader (from April 

2007) 

Experience: 71⁄2 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BA English/Creative Writing and Poetry 

Position: Wildlife Biologist 

Experience: 27 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BS Forest Management 

Position: Forester (2003-04) 

Experience: 14 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BS Forest Management 

Position: Recreation Planner 

Experience: 25 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BS Forest Management 

Position: Fish Biologist 

Experience: 41⁄2 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BS Biology with a Concentration in Marine Science 

Position: Timber Appraiser (until 2005) 

Experience: 30 years with the Forest Service 

Position: Transportation Planner 

Experience: 28 years professional experience (8 years with the 

Forest Service) 

Education: BS Civil Engineering 

Position: Forester (2004-present)/ Interdisciplinary Planning 

Team Leader (Dec 2006-March 2007) 

Experience: 23 years professional experience (3 years with the 

Forest Service) 

Education: AAS Forestry, Certificate of Forestry, BA Business 

Position: Detail Writer/Editor (Jan 2007-April 2007) 

Experience: 4 years with the Forest Service 

Position: Geographic Information Systems Technician 

Experience: 16 years with the Forest Service 

Justin 

Anderson

Tiffany Benna

Jim Brainard

Ben Case

Mary Clemens

Crystal Harlan

Bob Moniz 

Alan Murph

Kent 

Nicholson 

Kelly O’Soup

 

Madonna 

Parks 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 27 

Position: Silviculturist 

Experience: 27 years professional experience, 17 years with the 

Forest Service 

Education: BS Forestry 

Position: Geographic Information Systems Technician 

Experience: 15 years with the Forest Service 

Education: Certificate of Forestry, AV Tech 

Position: Interdisciplinary Planning Team Leader/Writer Editor/ 

Wildlife Biologist (2003-06) 

Experience: 17 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BS Wildlife Biology 

Position: Writer/Editor (until March 2006) 

Experience: 18 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BA Geology 

Position: Archaeologist 

Experience: 23 years professional experience (15 years with the 

Forest Service) 

Education: BS Anthropology 

Position: Detail Writer/Editor (March - October 2006) 

Experience: 5 years professional experience (6 months with the 

Forest Service) 

Education: BA in Elementary Education, MED 

Position: Landscape Architect 

Experience: 18 years with the Forest Service 

Position: Writer/Editor assistant 

Experience: 3 years of experience 

Education: BA Anthropology, BS Resource Conservation 

Management 

Position: Hydrologist (Dec 2006 - present) 

Experience: 6 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BA Environmental Biology, MS Watershed Science 

Position: Writer/Editor (April 2007 - present) 

Experience: 3 years with the Forest Service 

Education: BA Biology, MS Range Science 

R.D. Parks

Gene Primaky

Kris Rutledge 

Linda Slaght 

Jane Smith

Tani Stenfjord 

Jim Steward

Kristin 

Whisennand 

Heath 

Whitacre 

 

Marina 

Whitacre 
28 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

List of FEIS Recipients 

Agencies, organizations, and individuals to whom the Kuiu Timber 

Sale Area Final Environmental Impact Statement was sent. 

Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife 

Conservation 

Admiralty National Monument 

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation/Division of Water 

Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Office of Habitat 

Management and Permitting 

Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Office of Project 

Management and Permitting 

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

Alaska Division of Forestry 

Department of the Army 

NOAA Office of Policy and Strategic Planning 

Southeast Region, DOT&PF 

US Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 

US Army Engineer District 

US Army Engineers 

US Environmental Protection Agency- Region 10 

US Department of Energy 

US Geological Society 

USCG Environmental Management 

USDA APHIS PPD/EAD 

USDA Forest Service Alaska Regional Office 

USDA Forest Service, Chugach National Forest 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Craig Ranger District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Hoonah Ranger 

District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Juneau Ranger 

District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Ketchikan-Misty 

Ranger District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Ketchikan 

Supervisor's Office 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Petersburg Ranger 

District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Petersburg 

Supervisor's Office 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Sitka Ranger District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Thorne Bay Ranger 

District 

Agencies
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS Chapter 4 • 29 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Wrangell Ranger 

District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Yakutat Ranger 

District 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass Supervisor's Office 

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service 

USDA Office of Civil Rights 

USDI Bureau of Land Management 

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 

USDI Office of Environmental Policy and Compliance 

USDI Office of the Secretary 

USDI National Park Service 

USDOC National Marine Fisheries Service 

USDOT Federal Aviation Administration 

US Navy 

Craig Public Library 

Haines Public Library 

Hollis Public Library 

Hyder Public Library 

Juneau Public Library 

Kake Public Library 

Kasaan Community Library 

Ketchikan Public Library 

Kettleson Memorial Library 

Pelican Public Library 

Petersburg Public Library 

Quinney Library 

Sheldon Jackson Library 

Skagway Public Library 

Tenakee Springs Public Library 

Thorne Bay Community 

Library 

University of Minnesota 

Forestry Library 

Wrangell Public Library 

KFSK Public Radio 

KNHS-FM 

Petersburg Pilot 

Wrangell Sentinel 

Acupuncture Center PC 

Alaska Center for the 

Environment 

Alaska Charter & Adventures 

Alaska Fibre 

Alaska Forest Association 

Alaska Peak & Seas 

Alaska Rainforest Campaign 

Alaska Sea Adventures 

Alaska Yacht Charters 

Alpine Expeditions 

Atterbury Consultants, Inc. 

Baranof Wilderness Lodge 

Bluewater Adventures, Ltd. 

Buchanan General Contracting 

Co. 

Cascadia Wildlands Project 

Center for Biological Diversity 

Chamber of Commerce 

Chico Area Flyfishers 

The Committee for 

Conservation of Forests and 

Wildlife 

Dolphin Charters 

Earthjustice 

Family Charters 

The Fishermen's Inn 

Forest Dwellers 

Forest Industry Consulting 

Glacier Guides 

Green Peace 

Island Point Lodge, Inc. 

Libraries

Media

Organizations 

and 

Businesses
4 References and Lists 

30 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Timber Sale FEIS

Jordan Creek Center 

Juneau - John Rishel Minerals 

Information Center 

Land Services 

Laughing Raven Lodge 

Lindblad Expeditions 

Maple Leaf Adventures 

Narrows Conservation 

Coalition 

National Audubon Society 

National Outdoor Leadership 

School 

Natural Resource Defense 

Council 

The Nature Conservancy of 

Alaska 

Paden Timber Services 

Parker Guide Service 

Robertson, Monagle, & 

Eastaugh 

Salmon Falls Resort 

SEACC 

Sealaska Corporation 

Secretary of TBPA 

See Alaska Tours 

Sierra Club Juneau Group 

Silver Bay Logging, Inc. 

Sitka Conservation Society 

Smayda Environmental 

Associates, Inc 

Southeast Alaska Regional 

Advisory Council 

Southeast Conference 

Sportsman's Alliance for 

Alaska 

Stikine Guide Service 

Stikine River Song Charters 

Thuja Plicata Lumber 

Company 

Tongass Kayak Adventures 

Walk Softly Adventures 

Wild Rockies Field Institute 

The Wilderness Society 

Wilderness Watch 

The Wilderness Society 

Wild Rockies Field Institute 

Wilderness Watch 

Washington Wilderness 

Coalition 

City of Kupreanof 

City of Petersburg 

City of Port Alexander 

City of Wrangell 

Govenor Sarah Palin 

Kake Tribal Corporation 

Ketchikan Gateway Borough 

OVK 

Petersburg Indian Association 

Senator Bert Stedman 

Senator Ted Stevens 

State Representative Don 

Young 

State Representative Peggy 

Wilson 

University of Alaska Land 

Management 

Public 

Officials and 

Offices
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 31

Kris Aceveda 

Bertrand Adams 

John Ashenfelter 

Dave Beebe 

Marc Berens 

Dave and Nancy Berg 

Anissa Berry 

Harry Brouillette 

Wesley Brown 

Terry Buness 

Jessica Campbell 

Beth Campbell 

Emil and Daniel Churchill 

Harry M. Churchill 

Mary Ellen Clark 

Dick Coose 

Donald A. Cornelius 

David Crown 

Natalie Dawson 

Paul Demmert 

Lou Anna Denison 

Susan Erickson 

Katie Fearer 

Barney Freedman 

Mary Friburg 

Xavier Friday 

Michelle Friday 

John Geddie 

Harvey Gilliland 

G. Goldstein 

Marina Gonchar 

Robert Grant 

Dave Grebe 

David Greer 

Eric Grundberg 

Jill Guidry 

Rebecca H. 

Eric Hanson 

Kim Hastings 

Karen R. Hegyi 

Judy Henderson 

Molly Hogan 

R.W. Holsinger 

Scott Hursey 

Glen Ith 

Edna Jackson 

Clarence Jackson 

Mike Jackson 

Raymond Jackson 

Ken Jackson 

Mike Jackson 

John Jensen 

Marvin Kadake 

Delbert Kadake 

Susan Kauffman 

Joan Kautzer 

Emily Kerndt 

Harvey Kitka 

Bernie Klemanek 

Becky Knight 

John Krober 

Dan LaCrosse 

Roxane Lee 

Peter Litsheim 

Dick Longworth 

Tim Ludlow 

Steve Lustgarden 

Carl Mach 

Tony Mach 

Stu Mach 

Steve Mashuda 

Sigurd Mathisen 

Donald McAdams 

Karin McCullough 

Gerry Merrigan 

Brian Merritt 

Kevin Merry 

Tim Moore 

Amanda Noonan 

Jean Norheim 

Paul Olson 

Craig Olson 

Helmer Olson 

Brian Paust 

Elizabeth Peacock 

James Phillips 

Jay and Carolyn Pritchett 

William B. Privett 

Individuals
4 References and Lists 

32 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

Elizabeth Ray 

Jamie Reid 

Chuck Ressler 

Dave and Sally Riemer 

Tom Rockne 

Pat Roppel 

Irene Roundtree 

Dorothy Roundtree 

Gregory Scheff 

Kathryn Schneider 

Lindon Schultz 

Steve Seley 

Cynthia Sever 

Jeff Shivley 

Ronald Simpson 

Martha Smith 

Mike Stainbrook 

Helen Stokes 

Joe Stratman 

John R. Swanson 

Travis Tanasse 

Ed Ule 

Ken Vaughan 

Tiffany Vue 

Rhonda Waston 

Ralph Wells 

John Wigren 

Gary E. Williams 

Joshua Wodton 

E.F. Wood 

George Wortiska 

Chris Zimmer 

List of FEIS Notification Letter 

Recipients 

Individuals who were sent notification letters on the availability of the 

Kuiu Timber Sale Area Final Environmental Impact Statement. These 

individuals submitted modified comment form letters from either The 

Wilderness Society or Natural Resource Defense Council. 

George and Frances Alderson 

Yovonne Autrey-Schell 

Anne and Richard Baron 

Janet Baron 

Kimberly Baron 

John K. Bates 

Rick Bawor 

Jackie M. Bell 

C. Blue 

Brian Bodah 

Brent Bollick 

Erika Bjorum 

Elizabeth Boylston 

Susan Bradfield 

J. Capozzelli 

Diane Carney 

Helen Caswell 

Jan Charvat 

Kevin Clement 

Theodore S. Cochrane 

Linda Coleman 

Marvin Corbett 

Helen M. Corneli 

Chris DesJardins 

Mary Faith Dominque 

Mary Lee Duffy 

Lesleigh Ellinger 

Brian Franklin 

Linda Gibson 

Sue Golden 

Dennis P. Graham 

Sharon Guidry 

Dellie Guidry 

Richard Hamilton 

Scott Harris 

Randy Harrison 

Gerald Hoffman 

Anne Hollier 

Ann Holt-Harris 

J. Kinley 

Sterling Kinnell 

Maria Klein 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 33

Mathew Kopietz 

Nancy Kops 

Renee Larkin 

Al Larson 

Judith Le Blanc 

Janet Lyons-Fairbanks 

Melladee Makelacy 

David L. Marshall 

George Marzluf 

Michael V. Mattison 

Darrell McClanahan 

Frank and Nancy Miles 

Lillian Miller 

Jacqueline Miller 

Judy Mouton 

Jennifer Orrigo 

Roy Petitfils 

George L. Pettit 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. 

Plerpont 

Juan Carlos Pogan 

Bob Raab 

Neville Sue Rapp 

Robinson Family 

John A. Rothermich 

Alexandra Scott 

Jessie Seller 

Dave Shreffler 

Rebecca B. Smith 

Kevin Spath 

Richard Stanley 

Jim Sweeney 

Dennis Thomas 

Kathryn Thornton 

Mary Townsager 

Maria Tregre 

Carly S. Wier 

Candie Zarodi 
34 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

Index for Chapter 1 

A

Alaska Coastal Zone Management 

Act (CZMA) · 1-19 

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

(ADF&G) · 1-11, 1-12, 1-15 

Alaska Department of Natural 

Resources · 1-11, 1-19 

Alaska National Interest Lands 

Conservation Act (ANILCA) · 1-6, 

1-13, 1-20 

Alaska Water Quality Standards · 1-

19 

Alternative 4 · 1-1 

Army Corps of Engineers · 1-11, 1-18 

Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) · 

1-11, 1-18 

B

Bald and Golden Eagle Protection 

Act · 1-19 

beach and estuary buffers · 1-5, 1-14, 

1-17 

beach fringe · 1-5 

biodiversity · 1-6 

biological diversity · 1-6 

C

Clean Air Act · 1-19 

Clean Water Act · 1-18, 1-19 

clearcut · 1-10 

clearcutting · 1-10 

Coastal Zone Management Act 

(CZMA) · 1-19 

Council on Environmental Quality 

(CEQ) · 1-9 

cultural resources · 1-20 

cumulative effects · 1-9, 1-10, 1-13, 

1-15, 1-16 

D

deer · 1-10, 1-12, 1-14, 1-15 

deer habitat capability · 1-15 

deer, Sitka black-tailed · 1-10 

Deer, Sitka black-tailed deer · 1-15 

desired condition · 1-2, 1-10 

desired future condition · 1-4 

E

ecological processes · 1-6 

economics · 1-14, 1-16, 1-18 

employment · 1-2, 1-16 

Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA) · 1-11, 1-12, 1-18, 1-19 

estuary · 1-5, 1-17 

F

fish habitat · 1-12, 1-14 

fishing · 1-5 

forest habitat · 1-6 

Forest Plan · 1-1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 1-7, 1- 

9, 1-0, 1-12, 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 

1-17, 1-18 

Forest Plan SEIS · 1-14, 1-15 

Forest Plan standards and guidelines · 

1-17 

fragmentation · 1-10 

H

habitat capability · 1-6 

heritage resources · 1-12 

high value · 1-16 

hunting · 1-5, 1-15 

I

income · 1-16 

Inventoried Roadless Area · 1-14, 1-

15 

inventoried roadless areas · 1-14, 1-

15 

K

Kake, city of · 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 

1-13 

karst · 1-5 

Kuiu Island · 1-1, 1-3, 1-4, 1-7, 1-8, 

1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, 1-14, 

1-17 

Kuiu Landscape Assessment (Kuiu 

LA) · 1-10 

Kupreanof Island · 1-9 

L

Land Use Designation (LUD) · 1-4, 

1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-17 

log transfer facility · 1-1 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 35

log transfer facility (LTF) · 1-1, 1-18, 

1-19 

M

Management Indicator Species (MIS) 

· 1-15 

Marine Mammal Protection Act · 1-

19 

mitigation · 1-2, 1-13, 1-14 

Modified Landscape LUD · 1-7, 1-18 

monitoring · 1-2, 1-14 

N

National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) · 1-19 

National Forest Management Act 

(NFMA) · 1-4, 1-17, 1-19 

National Forest System Roads · 1-1, 

1-10, 1-16 

National Historic Preservation Act 

(NHPA) · 1-19 

Notice of Intent (NOI) · 1-11 

O

old-growth · 1-1, 1-4, 1-6, 1-7, 1-10, 

1-12, 1-15, 1-17 

old-growth forest 

productive ·1- 6 

old-growth habitat · 1-1, 1-10, 1-12, 

1-15, 1-17 

old-growth habitat reserve · 1-1 

old-growth habitat reserves · 1-1, 1-2, 

1-12, 1-17 

old-growth habitat reserves (OGR) · 

1-2, 1-12 

Organized Village of Kake · 1-12, 1-

13 

P

permit · 1-18, 1-19 

Petersburg, city of · 1-1, 1-9, 1-11, 1-

12, 1-13 

planning record · 1-13 

Point Baker · 1-10 

Point Protection, city of · 1-10 

productive forest · 1-5 

productive old growth · 1-6 

productive old growth (POG) · 1-6, 1-

15 

proposed action · 1-1, 1-2, 1-4, 1- 9, 

1-11, 1-14 

public involvement · 1-9, 1-10, 1-13, 

1-16, 1-17 

purpose and need · 1-1, 1-2, 1-11 

R

Record of Decision (ROD) · 1-5, 1-17 

riparian area · 1-5, 1-14, 1-17 

Riparian area · 1-5, 1-14, 1-17 

riparian management area (RMA) · 1-

5 

road construction · 1-10, 1-15, 1-16 

road reconstruction · 1-1 

roadless · 1-4, 1-14, 1-15 

roadless area · 1-14 

roads · 1-4, 1-5, 1-10, 1-13, 1-15, 1-

16, 1-17 

Roads 

classified roads · 1-16 

temporary roads · 1-1, 1-2, 1-16 

Rowan Bay · 1-1, 1-18, 1-19 

S

Saginaw Bay · 1-1, 1-9, 1-18, 1-19 

Scenic Viewshed LUD · 1-18 

scoping · 1-9, 1-10, 1-13, 1-16, 1-17 

second growth · 1-5 

second-growth · 1-5 

sediment · 1-16 

Sediment Risk Index (SRI) · 1-16 

Semi-remote Recreation LUD · 1-7, 

1-17 

shellfish · 1-10 

significant restriction · 1-2, 1-15 

soil · 1-12, 1-16 

Special Interest Area LUD · 1-7

subsistence · 1-2, 1-6, 1-10, 1-12, 1-

13, 1-14, 1-15 

suitable land · 1-2, 1-5, 1-6 

suitable timber · 1-5 

sustained yield · 1-2, 1-5, 1-17 

T

temporary road · 1-1, 1-2, 1-16 

thinning · 1-5 

timber economics · 1-12 

timber harvest · 1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-

10, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17 

timber management · 1-5 

timber production · 1-5 

Timber Production LUD · 1-4, 1-5, 1-

7, 1-17, 1-18 

Tlingit · 1-12 

Tongass Land and Resource 

Management Plan (Forest Plan) · 1-

1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 1-7, 1-9, 1-10, 1-

12, 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17, 1-

18 

Tongass National Forest · 1-1, 1-4, 1-

9, 1-17 
4 References and Lists 

36 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

Tongass Timber Reform Act (TTRA) 

· 1-20 

tribal government · 1-10, 1-12 

U

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

(USFWS) · 1-11, 1-12 

unroaded · 1-14, 1-15 

V

Value Comparison Unit (VCU) · 1-9 

viable population · 1-6 

viewshed · 1-18 

visual quality · 1-6 

Visual Quality Objective (VQO) · 1-6 

W

water quality · 1-10, 1-12 

waterfowl · 1-13 

watershed · 1-5, 1-14, 1-16, 1-17 

wetlands · 1-18, 1-20 

Wild and Scenic Rivers · 1-6, 1-7, 1-

19 

wilderness · 1-7, 1-12, 1-14, 1-15, 1-

17 

Wildlife Analysis Area (WAA 5012) 

· 1-15 

wildlife habitat · 1-5, 1-15 

winter range · 1-15 

Index for Chapter 2 

A

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

(ADF&G) · 2-6, 2- 7 

B

beach fringe · 2-6 

Best Management Practices (BMPs) · 

2-6, 2- 17 

C

Clean Water Act · 2-17 

clearcut with reserves · 2-7 

clearcutting · 2-5, 2- 7, 2- 9, 2- 11, 2- 

12 

cumulative effects · 2-11, 2- 13 

D

Dean Creek Watershed · 2-15 

deer · 2-11, 2- 14, 2- 15 

E

economics · 2-2, 2- 4, 2- 12, 2- 15, 2- 

17 

employment · 2-12, 2- 13 

Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA) · 2-7 

estuary · 2-6 

even-aged management · 2-5 

F

Forest Plan · 2-1, 2- 3, 2- 4, 2- 5, 2- 6, 

2- 7, 2- 10, 2- 11, 2- 15, 2- 17, 2- 

18 

Forest Plan standards and guidelines · 

2-6, 2- 17 

G

ground-based logging · 2-3, 2- 5 

H

helicopter logging · 4, 2- 17 

high value · 11, 2- 16 

hunting · 11, 2- 15 

hydrology · 3 

I

Inventoried Roadless Area · 10, 2- 14 

K

Kadake Creek · 2-16 

Kadake Creek Watershed · 2-16 

Kuiu Island · 2-1, 2- 4, 2- 9, 2- 10, 2- 

11 

L

Land Use Designation (LUD) · 2-3, 

2- 4, 2- 7, 2- 17 

log transfer facility (LTF) · 2-3, 2- 8, 

2- 12, 2- 13, 2- 15 

logging camp · 2-8 

logging system · 2-4, 2- 9 

M

management prescription · 2-17 

marten · 2-16 

Mass Movement Index (MMI) · 2-15 

mitigation · 2-1, 2- 17, 2- 18 

monitoring · 2-1, 2- 17, 2- 18 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 37

N

National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) · 2-12 

National Forest Management Act 

(NFMA) · 2-1, 2- 18 

National Forest System Roads · 2-3, 

2- 4, 2- 5, 2- 6, 2- 9, 2- 10, 2- 11, 

2- 13, 2- 14, 2- 18 

NEPA Economics Analysis 

Tool_Residuals (NEAT_R) · 2-2, 

2- 12, 2- 17 

Northern goshawk · 2-8 

O

old-growth · 2-2, 2- 6, 2- 8, 2- 16 

old-growth habitat · 8 

old-growth habitat reserves (OGR) · 

2-6, 2- 14 

P

partial harvest · 2-13 

permit · 2-7 

planning record · 2-7 

preferred alternative · 2-14 

productive old growth (POG) · 2-6, 2- 

11, 2- 14, 2- 16 

purpose and need · 2-1 

R

Record of Decision (ROD) · 2-2 

riparian area · 2-6, 2- 7 

riparian management area (RMA) · 2-

6 

road construction · 2-2, 2- 3, 2- 4, 2- 

5, 2- 8, 2- 10, 2- 12, 2- 13, 2- 17, 2- 

18 

road maintenance · 8, 2- 9 

Road Management Objective (RMO) 

· 2-2, 2- 7, 2- 18 

roadless · 2-3, 2- 10, 2- 11, 2- 14 

roads · 2-2, 2- 3, 2- 4, 2- 5, 2- 7, 2- 8, 

2- 9, 2- 10, 2- 11, 2- 12, 2- 13, 2- 

15, 2- 16, 2- 17, 2- 18 

Rowan Bay · 2-3, 2- 4, 2- 5, 2- 7, 2- 

8, 2- 12, 2- 13, 2- 15 

Rowan Creek Watershed · 2-16 

S

Saginaw Bay · 2-3, 2- 4, 2- 5, 2- 6, 2- 

7, 2- 8, 2- 12, 2- 13, 2- 15 

Saginaw Creek Watershed · 2-15 

scoping · 2-1 

Security Creek · 2-15 

significant restriction · 2-15 

silvicultural prescription · 2-1 

soil · 2-2, 2- 7 

stream buffer · 2-8 

stream crossing · 2-7, 2- 16 

subsistence · 2-11, 2- 12, 2- 14, 2- 15 

T

temporary road · 2-2, 2- 3, 2- 4, 2- 5, 

2- 7, 2- 9, 2- 10, 2- 11, 2- 14, 2- 16 

timber economics · 2-12 

timber harvest · 2-1, 2- 2, 2- 3, 2- 4, 

2- 5, 2- 6, 2- 7, 2- 9, 2- 10, 2- 11, 

2- 12, 2- 13, 2- 15, 2- 16, 2- 18 

Tongass Land and Resource 

Management Plan (Forest Plan) · 2-

1, 2- 3, 2- 4, 2- 5, 2- 6, 2- 7, 2- 10, 

2- 11, 2- 15, 2- 17, 2- 18 

Tongass National Forest · 2-18 

Tongass Timber Reform Act (TTRA) 

· 2-6 

transportation · 2-1, 2- 8 

two-aged management · 2-9 

U

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

(USFWS) · 2-6, 2- 17 

uneven-aged management · 2-7 

unroaded · 2-3, 2- 10, 2- 11, 2- 14 

V

visual quality · 2-7 

W

water quality · 2-6, 2- 7 

watershed · 2-13, 2- 15 

western hemlock · 2-2, 2- 13 

wetlands · 2-7, 2- 16 

wilderness · 2-11, 2- 14 

Wildlife Analysis Area (WAA 5012) 

· 2-11, 2- 14, 2- 16 

wildlife habitat · 2-3, 2- 4 

windthrow · 2-7 

winter habitat · 2-12 

winter range · 2-11, 2- 14 
4 References and Lists 

38 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

Index for Chapter 3 

A

Alaska Coastal Zone Management 

Act (CZMA) · 3-232 

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

(ADF&G) · 3-5, 3-27, 3-31, 3-33, 

3-51, 3-52, 3-57, 3-75, 3-76, 3-80, 

3-90, 3-93, 3-94, 3-96, 3-109, 3-

110, 3-123, 3-124, 3-125, 3-126, 3-

128, 3-132, 3-155, 3-156, 3-212, 

3-213 

Alaska Department of Natural 

Resources · 3-232 

Alaska Marine Highway · 3-126, 3-

128, 3-197 

Alaska National Interest Lands 

Conservation Act (ANILCA) · 3-

48, 3-229, 3-234 

Alaska Water Quality Standards · 3-

71, 3-191, 3-230 

all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) · 3-209 

anadromous fish · 3-153, 3-154, 3-

159, 3-218 

B

bald eagle · 3-118, 3-119, 3-127, 3-

228 

beach and estuary buffers · 3-143 

beach fringe · 3-55, 3-107, 3-118, 3-

119, 3-127, 3-152, 3-218 

Best Management Practices (BMPs) · 

3-53, 3-162, 3-163, 3-164, 3-165, 

3-176, 3-179, 3-184, 3-189, 3-218, 

3-228, 3-229, 3-230, 3-231, 3-233 

biogeographic province · 3-6, 3-52, 3-

125, 3-126, 3-133 

biological diversity · 3-7, 3-27, 3-118, 

3-119, 3-134, 3-144 

black bear · 3-27, 3-33, 3-49, 3-52, 3-

53, 3-57, 3-118, 3-125, 3-211, 3-

212, 3-213, 3-214, 3-215, 3-219 

black bear hunting · 3-119, 3-211, 3-

212, 3-214, 3-215, 3-219 

brown creeper · 3-118 

C

cabin · 3-84, 3-209, 3-214 

channel type · 3-154, 3-160 

chinook salmon · 3-103 

Chum salmon · 3-155, 3-156, 3-159, 

3-164 

Clean Air Act · 3-231 

Clean Water Act · 3-179, 3-191, 3-

230 

clearcut with reserves · 3-63 

clearcutting · 3-13, 3- 19, 3- 20, 3- 

21, 3- 29, 3- 30, 3- 31, 3- 35, 3- 36, 

3- 41, 3- 42, 3- 43, 3- 56, 3- 63, 3- 

64, 3- 67, 3- 70, 3- 83, 3- 90, 3- 91, 

3- 94, 3- 96, 3- 120, 3- 129, 3- 130, 

3- 131, 3- 134, 3- 135, 3- 136, 3- 

137, 3- 145, 3- 147, 3- 148, 3- 149, 

3- 151, 3- 168, 3- 173, 3- 175, 3- 

192, 3- 204, 3- 227 

Coastal Zone Management Act 

(CZMA) · 3-231, 3- 232 

Coho salmon · 3-155, 3- 156, 3- 159, 

3- 164 

commercial fishing · 3-48, 3- 197, 3- 

216, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 220 

Council on Environmental Quality 

(CEQ) · 3-6 

crab · 3-153, 3- 159 

cultural resources · 3-222, 3- 233 

cumulative effects · 3-3, 3- 4, 3- 6, 3- 

24, 3- 25, 3- 43, 3- 44, 3- 55, 3- 57, 

3- 73, 3- 84, 3- 89, 3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 

92, 3- 94, 3- 95, 3- 101, 3- 107, 3- 

108, 3- 131, 3- 132, 3- 133, 3- 136, 

3- 154, 3- 164, 3- 176, 3- 181, 3- 

182, 3- 184, 3- 194, 3- 198, 3- 207, 

3- 214, 3- 219, 3- 229 

D

Dean Creek Watershed · 3-77, 3- 84, 

3- 85, 3- 88, 3- 89, 3- 91, 3- 95, 3- 

101, 3- 155, 3- 164 

decommissioned roads · 3-90, 3- 185 

deer · 3-12, 3- 26, 3- 27, 3- 28, 3- 29, 

3- 30, 3- 31, 3- 32, 3- 33, 3- 35, 3- 

36, 3- 37, 3- 41, 3- 42, 3- 43, 3- 44, 

3- 47, 3- 48, 3- 49, 3- 50, 3- 51, 3- 

52, 3- 55, 3- 56, 3- 57, 3- 111, 3- 

112, 3- 117, 3- 119, 3- 124, 3- 125, 

3- 128, 3- 129, 3- 133, 3- 217, 3- 

218, 3- 229, 3- 234 

deer habitat capability · 3-30, 3- 31, 

3- 32, 3- 47, 3- 49, 3- 52, 3- 56, 3- 

57, 3- 125 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 39

deer winter habitat · 3-125 

Deer, Sitka black-tailed deer · 3-26, 

3- 27, 3- 30, 3- 33, 3- 49, 3- 57, 3- 

118, 3- 124 

desired condition · 3-68, 3- 144, 3- 

149, 3- 199 

desired future condition · 3-145, 3- 

146, 3- 198, 3- 199, 3- 207 

diversity · 3-145, 3- 146, 3- 150, 3- 

151, 3- 196 

Dolly Varden · 3-155, 3- 156, 3- 159, 

3- 164 

E

economics · 3-7, 3- 58, 3- 59, 3- 145, 

3- 146, 3- 159 

employment · 3-49, 3- 58, 3- 59, 3- 

66, 3- 69, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 219 

endangered species · 3-102, 3- 228 

Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA) · 3-6, 3- 164, 3- 191, 3- 230 

erosion · 3-71, 3- 89, 3- 166, 3- 167, 

3- 168 

Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) · 3-165, 

3- 218, 3- 229, 3- 230 

estuary · 3-35, 3- 54, 3- 109, 3- 127, 

3- 181, 3- 211, 3- 218, 3- 222, 3- 

225 

even-aged management · 3-56, 3- 63, 

3- 129, 3- 130, 3- 131, 3- 135, 3- 

147, 3- 149, 3- 150, 3- 151, 3- 227 

F

Federal Cave Resource Protection 

Act · 3-229 

fish habitat · 3-53, 3- 71, 3- 75, 3- 83, 

3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 94, 3- 95, 3- 153, 

3- 154, 3- 155, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 

162, 3- 163, 3- 164, 3- 168, 3- 229, 

3- 230 

fish passage · 3-83, 3- 89, 3- 157, 3- 

158, 3- 160, 3- 161 

fishing · 3-48, 3- 53, 3- 159, 3- 197, 

3- 210, 3- 211, 3- 212, 3- 213, 3- 

216, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 219, 3- 222, 

3- 234 

floodplain · 3-233 

forest habitat · 3-34 

forest health · 3-149, 3- 150, 3- 151, 

3- 227 

Forest Plan · 3-3, 3- 4, 3- 7, 3- 8, 3- 9, 

3- 10, 3- 11, 3- 13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 3- 

16, 3- 20, 3- 24, 3- 25, 3- 26, 3- 30, 

3- 31, 3- 32, 3- 34, 3- 35, 3- 36, 3- 

44, 3- 47, 3- 51, 3- 53, 3- 54, 3- 56, 

3- 57, 3- 58, 3- 61, 3- 66, 3- 67, 3- 

68, 3- 71, 3- 72, 3- 75, 3- 83, 3- 

103, 3- 104, 3- 107, 3- 108, 3- 

109, 3- 110, 3- 117, 3- 118, 3- 119, 

3- 124, 3- 125, 3- 126, 3- 127, 3- 

129, 3- 132, 3- 133, 3- 138, 3- 140, 

3- 143, 3- 144, 3- 147, 3- 152, 3- 

154, 3- 159, 3- 165, 3- 166, 3- 168, 

3- 175, 3- 179, 3- 182, 3- 196, 3- 

197, 3- 198, 3- 199, 3- 200, 3- 201, 

3- 202, 3- 203, 3- 204, 3- 207, 3- 

208, 3- 210, 3- 216, 3- 222, 3- 227, 

3- 228, 3- 229, 3- 231, 3- 233, 3- 

234 

Forest Plan standards and guidelines · 

3-4, 3- 53, 3- 103, 3- 104, 3- 110, 

3- 157, 3- 165, 3- 182, 3- 218, 3- 

227, 3- 229, 3- 231, 3- 233, 3- 234 

fragmentation · 34, 3- 107, 3- 110, 3- 

138 

furbearer · 3-55, 3- 119 

G

Game Management Unit (GMU) · 3-

27, 3- 33, 3- 52, 3- 213 

geology · 3-6, 3- 28, 3- 83, 3- 90, 3- 

94, 3- 96, 3- 166 

ground-based logging · 3-167, 3- 168 

H

habitat capability · 3-31, 3- 32, 3- 52, 

3- 56, 3- 102, 3- 119, 3- 129, 3- 

130, 3- 154 

helicopter logging · 3-13 

heritage resources · 3-7, 3- 221, 3- 

222, 3- 223, 3- 228 

high value · 3-36, 3- 47, 3- 53, 3- 71, 

3- 111, 3- 112, 3- 117, 3- 119, 3- 

120, 3- 128, 3- 129, 3- 130, 3- 131, 

3- 132, 3- 178, 3- 182 

humpback whale · 3-103 

hunter demand · 3-51, 3- 52, 3- 56, 3- 

125 

hunting · 12, 3- 19, 3- 20, 3- 21, 3- 

22, 3- 27, 3- 33, 3- 36, 3- 41, 3- 

42, 3- 43, 3- 48, 3- 49, 3- 50, 3- 51, 

3- 55, 3- 57, 3- 126, 3- 128, 3- 186, 

3- 197, 3- 210, 3- 211, 3- 212, 3- 

215, 3- 219, 3- 225 

hydrology · 3-84, 3- 233 

I

income · 3-49, 3- 66, 3- 217, 3- 218, 

3- 219, 3- 234 

Inventoried Roadless Area · 3-5, 3- 9, 

3- 11, 3- 22, 3- 23, 3- 24 
4 References and Lists 

40 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

J

job · 3-66 

K

Kadake Creek · 3-4, 3- 16, 3- 73, 3- 

76, 3- 82, 3- 83, 3- 84, 3- 87, 3- 88, 

3- 89, 3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 

94, 3- 96, 3- 154, 3- 155, 3- 161, 3- 

162, 3- 163, 3- 197, 3- 200, 3- 201, 

3- 203, 3- 204, 3- 211 

Kadake Creek Watershed · 3-4, 3- 73, 

3- 82, 3- 84, 3- 87, 3- 89, 3- 91, 3- 

92, 3- 155 

Kake, city of · 3-5, 3- 12, 3- 16, 3- 33, 

3- 47, 3- 48, 3- 49, 3- 51, 3- 52, 3- 

55, 3- 56, 3- 57, 3- 159, 3- 216, 3- 

217, 3- 218, 3- 219, 3- 221, 3- 

229, 3- 234 

karst · 3-16, 3- 106, 3- 166, 3- 229 

Kuiu Island · 3-3, 3- 5, 3- 6, 3- 9, 3- 

10, 3- 11, 3- 12, 3- 13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 

3- 16, 3- 19, 3- 21, 3- 22, 3- 24, 3- 

25, 3- 26, 3- 27, 3- 31, 3- 33, 3- 36, 

3- 41, 3- 42, 3- 43, 3- 44, 3- 47, 3- 

48, 3- 49, 3- 50, 3- 51, 3- 52, 3- 53, 

3- 55, 3- 56, 3- 57, 3- 59, 3- 61, 3- 

67, 3- 68, 3- 70, 3- 71, 3- 73, 3- 74, 

3- 75, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 79, 3- 80, 3- 

81, 3- 82, 3- 84, 3- 85, 3- 87, 3- 

102, 3- 103, 3- 104, 3- 105, 3- 107, 

3- 109, 3- 110, 3- 112, 3- 118, 3- 

119, 3- 123, 3- 124, 3- 125, 3- 126, 

3- 127, 3- 128, 3- 131, 3- 132, 3- 

133, 3- 137, 3- 141, 3- 143, 3- 144, 

3- 145, 3- 146, 3- 147, 3- 151, 3- 

152, 3- 154, 3- 155, 3- 156, 3- 157, 

3- 159, 3- 164, 3- 165, 3- 166, 3- 

167, 3- 169, 3- 170, 3- 171, 3- 173, 

3- 176, 3- 177, 3- 178, 3- 180, 3- 

181, 3- 184, 3- 186, 3- 188, 3- 189, 

3- 194, 3- 195, 3- 196, 3- 197, 3- 

199, 3- 200, 3- 202, 3- 207, 3- 209, 

3- 210, 3- 211, 3- 212, 3- 213, 3- 

214, 3- 215, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 219, 

3- 221, 3- 222, 3- 226, 3- 227, 3- 

228, 3- 229, 3- 230, 3- 231, 3- 232, 

3- 233, 3- 234, 3- 235 

Kupreanof Island · 3-5, 3-11, 3-12, 3-

47, 3-67, 3-118, 3-221 

L

Land Use Designation (LUD) · 3-4, 

3- 12, 3- 25, 3- 35, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 

79, 3- 80, 3- 112, 3- 136, 3- 138, 3- 

149, 3- 152, 3- 155, 3- 182, 3- 196, 

3- 199, 3- 200, 3- 201, 3- 203, 3- 

204, 3- 208, 3- 210 

landslide · 3-72, 3- 75, 3- 76, 3- 83, 3- 

85, 3- 167, 3- 168, 3- 169, 3- 170, 

3- 173, 3- 174, 3- 175 

large woody debris (LWD) · 3-75, 3- 

84 

log transfer facility (LTF) · 3-53, 3- 

59, 3- 61, 3- 62, 3- 68, 3- 69, 3- 70, 

3- 84, 3- 123, 3- 127, 3- 158, 3- 

159, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 164, 3- 186, 

3- 190, 3- 191, 3- 209, 3- 211, 3- 

214, 3- 219, 3- 228 

logging camp · 3-55, 3- 128, 3- 133, 

3- 191, 3- 192, 3- 209, 3- 211, 3- 

219 

logging system · 3-59, 3- 147 

long-term productivity · 3-7 

M

Management Indicator Species (MIS) 

· 3-26, 3- 44, 3- 53, 3- 118, 3- 119, 

3- 124, 3- 128, 3- 131 

management prescription · 3-152, 3- 

198 

marbled murrelet · 3-111, 3- 112, 3- 

117, 3- 138 

marine environment · 3-156, 3- 158 

marine mammal · 3-54, 3- 57, 3- 229 

market demand · 3-61, 3- 65, 3- 70, 3- 

149, 3- 228 

marten · 3-28, 3- 34, 3- 49, 3- 50, 3- 

53, 3- 111, 3- 112, 3- 117, 3- 118, 

3- 119, 3- 120, 3- 123, 3- 124, 3- 

125, 3- 128, 3- 129, 3- 130, 3- 131, 

3- 132 

Mass Movement Index (MMI) · 3-28, 

3- 59, 3- 90, 3- 92, 3- 94, 3- 96, 3- 

167, 3- 169, 3- 170, 3- 171, 3- 173, 

3- 174, 3- 175, 3- 176 

mass wasting · 3-140, 3- 166 

Memorandum of Understanding 

(MOU) · 3-31, 3- 228, 3- 232 

minerals · 3-222 

mitigation · 3-7, 3- 53, 3- 166, 3- 230 

Modified Landscape LUD · 3-9, 3- 

210 

monitoring · 3-7, 3- 31, 3- 125, 3- 

148, 3- 164, 3- 227, 3- 230, 3- 231 

moose · 3-49, 3- 50, 3- 52, 3- 57, 3- 

124 

muskeg · 3-16, 3- 34, 3- 140, 3- 181 

N

National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) · 3-6, 3- 58, 3- 59, 3- 67 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 41

National Forest Management Act 

(NFMA) · 3-7, 3- 227 

National Forest System Roads · 3-7, 

3- 15, 3- 19, 3- 20, 3- 21, 3- 23, 3- 

25, 3- 44, 3- 62, 3- 76, 3- 83, 3- 84, 

3- 89, 3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 

94, 3- 95, 3- 96, 3- 101, 3- 111, 3- 

112, 3- 117, 3- 123, 3- 128, 3- 132, 

3- 149, 3- 158, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 

162, 3- 163, 3- 164, 3- 166, 3- 181, 

3- 183, 3- 184, 3- 185, 3- 186, 3- 

187, 3- 188, 3- 189, 3- 190, 3- 191, 

3- 192, 3- 193, 3- 194, 3- 195 

National Historic Preservation Act 

(NHPA) · 3-221, 3- 228, 3- 232 

National Register of Historic Places 

(NRHP) · 3-221 

NEPA Economics Analysis 

Tool_Residuals (NEAT_R) · 3-58, 

3- 62, 3- 63, 3- 66 

Northern goshawk · 3-28, 3- 103, 3- 

104, 3- 107, 3- 108, 3- 111, 3- 112, 

3- 117, 3- 118, 3- 119, 3- 138, 3- 

192 

O

old-growth · 3-4, 3- 10, 3- 12, 3- 16, 

3- 26, 3- 27, 3- 28, 3- 30, 3- 34, 3- 

35, 3- 104, 3- 107, 3- 109, 3- 110, 

3- 111, 3- 112, 3- 113, 3- 115, 3- 

117, 3- 118, 3- 119, 3- 129, 3- 130, 

3- 134, 3- 136, 3- 144, 3- 148, 3- 

149, 3- 150, 3- 151, 3- 152, 3- 175, 

3- 179, 3- 192, 3- 200 

old-growth habitat · 3-34, 3- 104, 3- 

107, 3- 111, 3- 112, 3- 117, 3- 119, 

3- 192 

old-growth habitat reserves (OGR) · 

3-109, 3- 110, 3- 111, 3- 112, 3- 

117, 3- 132, 3- 138 

Organized Village of Kake · 3-51, 3- 

217, 3- 221, 3- 228, 3- 235 

outfitters and guides · 3-186, 3- 211, 

3- 212, 3- 213, 3- 214, 3- 215 

P

partial harvest · 3-13, 3- 20, 3- 30, 3- 

33, 3- 35, 3- 36, 3- 41, 3- 42, 3- 47, 

3- 58, 3- 64, 3- 65, 3- 67, 3- 129, 3- 

130, 3- 132, 3- 134, 3- 135, 3- 136, 

3- 137, 3- 148, 3- 173, 3- 174, 3- 

202, 3- 203, 3- 204 

past timber harvest · 3-34 

patch · 3-138 

permit · 3-71, 3- 165, 3- 183, 3- 191, 

3- 213, 3- 226 

Petersburg, city of · 3-4, 3- 5, 3- 6, 3- 

12, 3- 27, 3- 48, 3- 49, 3- 57, 3- 60, 

3- 65, 3- 67, 3- 105, 3- 106, 3- 109, 

3- 140, 3- 186, 3- 187, 3- 195, 3- 

215, 3- 216, 3- 218, 3- 219, 3- 221, 

3- 229, 3- 235 

pink salmon · 3-155, 3- 156, 3- 159 

planning record · 3-3, 3- 6, 3- 8, 3- 

12, 3- 31, 3- 33, 3- 43, 3- 48, 3- 49, 

3- 58, 3- 71, 3- 72, 3- 102, 3- 104, 

3- 105, 3- 109, 3- 118, 3- 131, 3- 

137, 3- 140, 3- 154, 3- 165, 3- 167, 

3- 178, 3- 196, 3- 197, 3- 209, 3- 

216, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 227, 3- 228, 

3- 229, 3- 232 

Point Baker · 3-48, 3- 49, 3- 216, 3- 

218 

preferred alternative · 3-108 

productive forest · 3-60, 3- 61, 3- 

140, 3- 141, 3- 142, 3- 143, 3- 144, 

3- 174, 3- 179 

productive old growth (POG) · 3-16, 

3- 26, 3- 27, 3- 28, 3- 29, 3- 30, 3- 

34, 3- 35, 3- 42, 3- 43, 3- 44, 3- 47, 

3- 108, 3- 109, 3- 110, 3- 111, 3- 

112, 3- 117, 3- 132, 3- 134, 3- 136 

proposed action · 3-6, 3- 10, 3- 30, 3- 

57, 3- 66, 3- 67, 3- 83, 3- 104, 3- 

150, 3- 165, 3- 176, 3- 184, 3- 194, 

3- 209, 3- 221, 3- 222, 3- 229, 3- 

234 

pruning · 3-30, 3- 35, 3- 44, 3- 131, 

3- 145, 3- 147 

public involvement · 3-4, 3- 67 

purpose and need · 3-68 

R

Record of Decision (ROD) · 3-10, 3- 

25, 3- 44, 3- 56, 3- 65, 3- 84, 3- 86, 

3- 87, 3- 89, 3- 132 

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum 

(ROS) · 3-209, 3- 210, 3- 213 

regeneration · 3-145, 3- 146, 3- 149, 

3- 151, 3- 179, 3- 199 

renewable resource · 3-7, 3- 48 

reserve trees · 3-138, 3- 145, 3- 151 

resident fish · 3-153, 3- 154 

riparian area · 3-35, 3- 53, 3- 54, 3- 

77, 3- 78, 3- 79, 3- 80, 3- 81, 3- 82, 

3- 84, 3- 106, 3- 107, 3- 109, 3- 

118, 3- 119, 3- 127, 3- 132, 3- 138, 

3- 139, 3- 143, 3- 144, 3- 148, 3- 

152, 3- 218, 3- 233, 3- 234 

riparian management area (RMA) · 3-

109 
4 References and Lists 

42 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

road construction · 3-4, 3- 9, 3- 10, 3- 

13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 3- 19, 3- 20, 3- 21, 

3- 22, 3- 23, 3- 25, 3- 53, 3- 55, 3- 

58, 3- 59, 3- 69, 3- 96, 3- 107, 3- 

156, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 162, 3- 163, 

3- 164, 3- 166, 3- 167, 3- 168, 3- 

174, 3- 175, 3- 180, 3- 181, 3- 182, 

3- 184, 3- 186, 3- 189, 3- 192, 3- 

202, 3- 229 

road maintenance · 3-83, 3- 89, 3- 

164, 3- 184, 3- 186, 3- 187, 3- 192, 

3- 194, 3- 195 

Road Management Objective (RMO) 

· 3-55, 3- 126, 3- 185, 3- 186, 3- 

189, 3- 215 

roadless · 3-5, 3- 9, 3- 10, 3- 11, 3- 

12, 3- 13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 3- 16, 3- 17, 

3- 19, 3- 20, 3- 21, 3- 22, 3- 24, 3- 

25 

Roadless Area Conservation Rule · 3-

10 

roads · 3-4, 3- 7, 3- 9, 3- 10, 3- 11, 3- 

12, 3- 13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 3- 19, 3- 20, 

3- 21, 3- 22, 3- 23, 3- 25, 3- 33, 3- 

35, 3- 36, 3- 41, 3- 44, 3- 53, 3- 54, 

3- 55, 3- 58, 3- 59, 3- 61, 3- 62, 3- 

65, 3- 67, 3- 68, 3- 69, 3- 71, 3- 72, 

3- 73, 3- 74, 3- 76, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 

79, 3- 80, 3- 81, 3- 82, 3- 83, 3- 84, 

3- 86, 3- 87, 3- 88, 3- 89, 3- 90, 3- 

91, 3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 94, 3- 95, 3- 96, 

3- 101, 3- 105, 3- 106, 3- 107, 3- 

123, 3- 124, 3- 126, 3- 127, 3- 128, 

3- 129, 3- 132, 3- 133, 3- 136, 3- 

138, 3- 148, 3- 155, 3- 156, 3- 157, 

3- 158, 3- 159, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 

162, 3- 163, 3- 164, 3- 166, 3- 167, 

3- 168, 3- 173, 3- 174, 3- 175, 3- 

176, 3- 180, 3- 181, 3- 182, 3- 183, 

3- 184, 3- 185, 3- 186, 3- 187, 3- 

188, 3- 189, 3- 192, 3- 193, 3- 194, 

3- 195, 3- 202, 3- 209, 3- 211, 3- 

212, 3- 213, 3- 214, 3- 215, 3- 229, 

3- 233 

Roads Rule · 3-228 

Rowan Bay · 3-12, 3- 33, 3- 47, 3- 53, 

3- 54, 3- 59, 3- 61, 3- 62, 3- 63, 3- 

69, 3- 70, 3- 71, 3- 104, 3- 119, 3- 

127, 3- 159, 3- 160, 3- 164, 3- 186, 

3- 190, 3- 191, 3- 192, 3- 197, 3- 

201, 3- 202, 3- 204, 3- 207, 3- 209, 

3- 211, 3- 214, 3- 222, 3- 228, 3- 

229 

Rowan Creek Watershed · 3-81, 3- 

82, 3- 84, 3- 89, 3- 156 

S

Saginaw Bay · 3-5, 3- 59, 3- 61, 3- 

62, 3- 63, 3- 69, 3- 70, 3- 71, 3- 

156, 3- 159, 3- 160, 3- 164, 3- 178, 

3- 186, 3- 190, 3- 191, 3- 197, 3- 

201, 3- 202, 3- 203, 3- 204, 3- 209, 

3- 211, 3- 213, 3- 214, 3- 222, 3- 

226, 3- 229 

Saginaw Creek Watershed · 3-78, 3- 

88, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 95, 3- 101, 3- 

156 

salmon · 3-48, 3- 57, 3- 124, 3- 153, 

3- 155, 3- 156, 3- 159, 3- 161, 3- 

164, 3- 216, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 234 

scenic quality · 3-146, 3- 197, 3- 202, 

3- 203, 3- 204, 3- 207, 3- 208 

Scenic Viewshed LUD · 3-9, 3- 210 

scoping · 3-3, 3- 47, 3- 58, 3- 72, 3- 

166, 3- 184 

second-growth · 3-35, 3- 44, 3- 128, 

3- 131, 3- 148, 3- 149, 3- 152 

Security Creek · 3-4, 3- 73, 3- 76, 3- 

80, 3- 81, 3- 84, 3- 87, 3- 88, 3- 89, 

3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 94, 3- 

95, 3- 96, 3- 101, 3- 154, 3- 155, 3- 

160, 3- 161, 3- 162, 3- 163, 3- 164 

Security Creek Watershed · 3-80, 3- 

81, 3- 84, 3- 89, 3- 95, 3- 101, 3- 

155 

sediment · 3-71, 3- 72, 3- 73, 3- 74, 3- 

76, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 79, 3- 80, 3- 81, 

3- 82, 3- 83, 3- 84, 3- 87, 3- 88, 3- 

89, 3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 95, 

3- 101, 3- 153, 3- 154, 3- 156, 3- 

161, 3- 162, 3- 163, 3- 164, 3- 165, 

3- 176, 3- 231 

Sediment Risk Analysis (SRA) · 3-

73, 3- 74, 3- 76, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 81, 

3- 82 

Sediment Risk Index (SRI) · 3-74, 3- 

76, 3- 78, 3- 80, 3- 81, 3- 82, 3- 87, 

3- 88, 3- 173 

Semi-remote Recreation LUD · 3-10 

sensitive species · 71, 3- 102, 3- 104, 

3- 107 

shellfish · 3-48, 3- 53, 3- 57, 3- 71, 

3- 153, 3- 162, 3- 163, 3- 164, 3- 

229 

shovel logging · 3-65 

sightseeing · 3-211, 3- 212, 3- 213 

significant restriction · 3-49, 3- 54, 3- 

56, 3- 57, 3- 229 

silvicultural prescription · 3-64, 3- 

138, 3- 144, 3- 146, 3- 147, 3- 148, 

3- 149, 3- 175, 3- 227 
References and Lists 4

Kuiu Project Area FEIS Chapter 4 • 43

silvicultural system · 3-30, 3- 64, 3- 

144, 3- 149 

silviculture · 3-35, 3- 59, 3- 65, 3- 

231 

Sitka spruce · 3-140, 3- 141, 3- 227 

soil · 3-7, 3- 64, 3- 71, 3- 73, 3- 74, 3- 

94, 3- 141, 3- 144, 3- 147, 3- 166, 

3- 167, 3- 168, 3- 169, 3- 173, 3- 

174, 3- 176, 3- 178, 3- 179, 3- 180, 

3- 181, 3- 230, 3- 231 

Special Interest Area LUD · 3-10 

squirrel, red · 3-109, 3- 118, 3- 119 

State Historic Preservation Officer 

(SHPO) · 3-221, 3- 228 

steelhead trout · 3-155, 3- 156, 3- 

159, 3- 164 

stream buffer · 3-53, 3- 192 

stream class · 3-157, 3- 228 

stream crossing · 3-53, 3- 71, 3- 84, 

3- 89, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 95, 3- 101, 3- 

123, 3- 157, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 162, 

3- 163, 3- 193, 3- 233 

subsistence · 3-5, 3- 12, 3- 16, 3- 26, 

3- 27, 3- 33, 3- 48, 3- 49, 3- 50, 3- 

51, 3- 52, 3- 53, 3- 54, 3- 55, 3- 56, 

3- 57, 3- 119, 3- 126, 3- 186, 3- 

197, 3- 216, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 229, 

3- 233, 3- 234 

sustained yield · 3-149 

T

temporary road · 3-14, 3- 15, 3- 19, 3- 

20, 3- 21, 3- 22, 3- 23, 3- 24, 3- 44, 

3- 61, 3- 62, 3- 65, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 

80, 3- 81, 3- 82, 3- 83, 3- 84, 3- 89, 

3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 93, 3- 94, 3- 95, 3- 

96, 3- 123, 3- 132, 3- 157, 3- 160, 

3- 161, 3- 162, 3- 163, 3- 166, 3- 

174, 3- 175, 3- 176, 3- 180, 3- 181, 

3- 183, 3- 184, 3- 188, 3- 189, 3- 

192, 3- 193, 3- 194, 3- 195, 3- 219, 

3- 233 

temporary roads · 3-128, 3- 174, 3- 

183, 3- 195 

thinning · 3-30, 3- 33, 3- 35, 3- 44, 3- 

84, 3- 131, 3- 144, 3- 147, 3- 149, 

3- 152 

timber economics · 3-219 

timber harvest · 3-4, 3- 7, 3- 10, 3- 

13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 3- 19, 3- 20, 3- 21, 

3- 22, 3- 23, 3- 24, 3- 25, 3- 26, 3- 

27, 3- 29, 3- 32, 3- 34, 3- 35, 3- 43, 

3- 44, 3- 47, 3- 52, 3- 54, 3- 56, 3- 

58, 3- 59, 3- 61, 3- 64, 3- 65, 3- 66, 

3- 67, 3- 68, 3- 69, 3- 71, 3- 73, 3- 

74, 3- 76, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 79, 3- 81, 

3- 82, 3- 83, 3- 84, 3- 85, 3- 87, 3- 

89, 3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 94, 

3- 95, 3- 96, 3- 104, 3- 107, 3- 110, 

3- 128, 3- 131, 3- 132, 3- 138, 3- 

139, 3- 142, 3- 144, 3- 146, 3- 148, 

3- 149, 3- 151, 3- 152, 3- 156, 3- 

158, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 163, 3- 164, 

3- 166, 3- 167, 3- 168, 3- 173, 3- 

174, 3- 179, 3- 180, 3- 181, 3- 182, 

3- 183, 3- 185, 3- 187, 3- 188, 3- 

189, 3- 190, 3- 193, 3- 194, 3- 195, 

3- 199, 3- 201, 3- 202, 3- 207, 3- 

213, 3- 214, 3- 215, 3- 216, 3- 219, 

3- 222, 3- 229, 3- 231, 3- 232, 3- 

233 

timber management · 3-14, 3- 56, 3- 

112, 3- 231 

timber production · 3-7, 3- 59, 3- 141, 

3- 143, 3- 146, 3- 179, 3- 200, 3- 

208 

Timber Production LUD · 3-4, 3- 9, 

3- 12, 3- 35, 3- 68, 3- 77, 3- 78, 3- 

79, 3- 80, 3- 136, 3- 199, 3- 200, 3- 

201, 3- 203, 3- 204, 3- 208, 3- 210 

timber sales · 3-60, 3- 65, 3- 70, 3- 

143, 3- 186 

timber supply · 3-70, 3- 228 

Tlingit · 3-16, 3- 216, 3- 218, 3- 221, 

3- 235 

Tongass Land and Resource 

Management Plan (Forest Plan) · 3-

3, 3- 4, 3- 7, 3- 8, 3- 9, 3- 10, 3- 11, 

3- 13, 3- 14, 3- 15, 3- 16, 3- 20, 3- 

24, 3- 25, 3- 26, 3- 30, 3- 31, 3- 32, 

3- 34, 3- 35, 3- 36, 3- 44, 3- 47, 3- 

51, 3- 53, 3- 54, 3- 56, 3- 57, 3- 58, 

3- 61, 3- 66, 3- 67, 3- 68, 3- 71, 3- 

72, 3- 75, 3- 83, 3- 103, 3- 104, 3- 

107, 3- 108, 3- 109, 3- 110, 3- 117, 

3- 118, 3- 119, 3- 124, 3- 125, 3- 

126, 3- 127, 3- 129, 3- 132, 3- 133, 

3- 138, 3- 140, 3- 143, 3- 144, 3- 

147, 3- 152, 3- 154, 3- 159, 3- 165, 

3- 166, 3- 168, 3- 175, 3- 179, 3- 

182, 3- 185, 3- 196, 3- 197, 3- 198, 

3- 199, 3- 200, 3- 201, 3- 202, 3- 

203, 3- 204, 3- 207, 3- 208, 3- 210, 

3- 216, 3- 222, 3- 227, 3- 228, 3- 

229, 3- 231, 3- 233, 3- 234 

Tongass National Forest · 3-4, 3- 5, 3- 

8, 3- 9, 3- 10, 3- 25, 3- 30, 3- 58, 3- 

64, 3- 65, 3- 66, 3- 67, 3- 68, 3- 69, 

3- 70, 3- 71, 3- 105, 3- 137, 3- 138, 

3- 139, 3- 144, 3- 166, 3- 182, 3- 

186, 3- 196, 3- 216, 3- 227, 3- 228, 

3- 234 
4 References and Lists 

44 • Chapter 4 Kuiu Project Area FEIS

Tongass Timber Reform Act (TTRA) 

· 3-228 

tourism · 3-216, 3- 217, 3- 218, 3- 

219 

trails · 3-123, 3- 198, 3- 214 

transportation · 3-48, 3- 59, 3- 88, 3- 

124, 3- 126, 3- 128, 3- 140, 3- 157, 

3- 159, 3- 160, 3- 176, 3- 183, 3- 

185, 3- 186, 3- 190, 3- 193, 3- 194, 

3- 228 

two-aged management · 3-63, 3- 147, 

3- 150, 3- 151 

U

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

(USFWS) · 3-31, 3- 102, 3- 103, 3- 

109, 3- 110, 3- 124, 3- 126, 3- 127, 

3- 137, 3- 228 

uneven-aged management · 3-63, 3- 

67, 3- 147, 3- 152 

unroaded · 3-10, 3- 11, 3- 13, 3- 17, 

3- 22, 3- 23, 3- 24, 3- 25, 3- 68 

V

Value Comparison Unit (VCU) · 3-5, 

3- 207 

vegetation · 3-16, 3- 27, 3- 60, 3- 76, 

3- 84, 3- 85, 3- 88, 3- 89, 3- 91, 3- 

92, 3- 95, 3- 124, 3- 140, 3- 141, 3- 

143, 3- 149, 3- 153, 3- 178, 3- 179, 

3- 180, 3- 182, 3- 187, 3- 202, 3- 

204, 3- 207 

viable population · 3-126 

viewshed · 3-147, 3- 207, 3- 208 

visual quality · 3-200, 3- 201 

Visual Quality Objective (VQO) · 3-

196, 3- 199, 3- 200, 3- 202, 3- 203, 

3- 204, 3- 205, 3- 207, 3- 208 

visual resource · 3-199 

volume class · 3-60, 3- 133, 3- 143 

volume strata · 3-28, 3- 30, 3- 111, 3- 

112, 3- 117, 3- 119, 3- 143, 3- 144 

W

water quality · 3-7, 3- 53, 3- 83, 3- 

89, 3- 90, 3- 91, 3- 94, 3- 95, 3- 

154, 3- 159, 3- 160, 3- 161, 3- 162, 

3- 163, 3- 164, 3- 234 

waterfowl · 3-48, 3- 54, 3- 55, 3- 57, 

3- 124 

watershed · 3-4, 3- 44, 3- 71, 3- 72, 3- 

73, 3- 74, 3- 75, 3- 76, 3- 77, 3- 78, 

3- 79, 3- 80, 3- 81, 3- 82, 3- 83, 3- 

84, 3- 85, 3- 87, 3- 88, 3- 90, 3- 91, 

3- 92, 3- 93, 3- 94, 3- 95, 3- 96, 3- 

101, 3- 110, 3- 111, 3- 112, 3- 117, 

3- 131, 3- 144, 3- 147, 3- 154, 3- 

156, 3- 161, 3- 162, 3- 163, 3- 164 

Watershed #109-44-10370 · 3-156 

Watershed #109-45-10090 · 3-156 

western hemlock · 3-140, 3- 141, 3- 

227 

wetlands · 3-7, 3- 34, 3- 178, 3- 179, 

3- 180, 3- 181, 3- 182, 3- 229, 3- 

231, 3- 233 

wilderness · 3-5, 3- 9, 3- 10, 3- 13, 3- 

14, 3- 16, 3- 24, 3- 25, 3- 105, 3- 

107, 3- 109, 3- 219 

Wildlife Analysis Area (WAA 5012) 

· 3-5, 3- 26, 3- 28, 3- 29, 3- 30, 3- 

31, 3- 32, 3- 33, 3- 35, 3- 36, 3- 41, 

3- 42, 3- 43, 3- 44, 3- 47, 3- 48, 3- 

49, 3- 51, 3- 52, 3- 56, 3- 57, 3- 

120, 3- 123, 3- 124, 3- 125, 3- 126, 

3- 128, 3- 131, 3- 132, 3- 134, 3- 

135, 3- 136, 3- 137 

wildlife habitat · 3-26, 3- 35, 3- 56, 3- 

68, 3- 128, 3- 131, 3- 144, 3- 145, 

3- 146, 3- 147, 3- 148 

wind disturbance · 3-148 

windthrow · 3-144, 3- 148, 3- 167, 3- 

169, 3- 227 

winter habitat · 3-30, 3- 56, 3- 129, 

3- 130, 3- 131 

winter range · 3-26, 3- 27, 3- 28, 3- 

30, 3- 31, 3- 32, 3- 33, 3- 35, 3- 36, 

3- 41, 3- 42, 3- 43, 3- 47, 3- 111, 3- 

112, 3- 117, 3- 133 

wolf, Alexander Archipelago · 3-6, 3- 

27, 3- 33, 3- 34, 3- 50, 3- 52, 3- 

118, 3- 119, 3- 124, 3- 125, 3- 126, 

3- 128, 3- 129, 3- 133 

woodpecker, hairy · 3-118 

woodpecker, red-breasted sapsucker · 

3-118 

Wrangell, city of · 3-48, 3- 49, 3- 61, 

3- 69, 3- 216, 3- 218, 3- 219 

Y

yellow-cedar (Alaska yellow-cedar) · 

3-66, 3- 68, 3- 140, 3- 141, 3- 148, 

3- 149, 3- 227