## FROM WOIDA PHONE NO.

"RECENT DtSIGN**tH~ROVEMZNIS** IN THE CUrE-KILN SYSTEM" by**Geo~ge** J •.**S~o~onski Se~~or** **Applica~ioa E~sineer** 


### Le.o11aJ:cl J. 

### 1-lGicl.a · Senior**Applica~ioa** 

### ingincer 

### of the Allia-Chalmer$**eo~oracion** P. 0. Box SU · 

### Milwaukee,; Yiscousia 53201 

### (4.l4) 475-4$!)1**!At ~oducti** **oa** 

### '1"he ecottOII:lics 

### of peUae**ph.u~:** 

### operac:iou, ia tettu of f,.l •nd.**~~\"** 

### co . usWEp

_ t.iou, · flexibility in 

### the**&electi~u** 

### of the 

### cheapest ful!!l 

### source,**sya~** 

### availability, 

### maiutea&nce 

### coats, aad the 

### e 

### impli.cicy of 

### pJ:ocesa deaisll; 

### .coa.tribute

. t.o 

### the determination of**buil~ius** 

### and**p~ofitabty ope~at**  

### ing a 

### pellet plant. nesisn innovations, sup

### ported by**act~l** 

### field da,a,**h~e** 

### beell 

### initiated i11to the GlAtE-KtLN 

### System**4a~iga** 

### co 

### poaicively add.r••• 

### these**f~eora,** 

### !his**pape~ ~eseats**  

### che recaac**sca~e** 

### of 

### tbe**ar~ dasig~**  

### concepts Which**h~e** helped tbe ' GiAIE- 

### !ILN Syacea assume worldwide acceptance status.

1. 

### Precess 

### Desisa Improvements Reac · Recuperatiou 

### Sratea


### a. Cauventioaal**Pl~nt** 

### Design The Cl4Tt-klL• System has 

### changed aig-**~ific~atlY i~** **de~ig~** 

### coucepc aiuce the**fi~st** 

### systens uere ·. commia4ioa.ed 

### for 

### Clavelaad Cliffs 

### Iron CCIIlpany 

### ia · the early · 1960 1 s 

### through**~ru. ·**  · 110ac**nct~llt** 

### • c:ar1:up 

### of ·: t:he LJCAa U-79 

### ph.at

. LL'l**Xi~~-. s~edea**  

### LC 1981. Iaiti.al**.GUU•tCIJ.~** 

### ph11ts were 

### designed vi·th 

### no heat**re~pU4tion** 

### 'yst 

### e1u and, 

### typically cousi.sc:1d ' 4f 

### a two 

### pass. 4ovnc!=-dc ·. 

### drying · aad downdraft



## _ preh•ar: , · nee cYcle. 

## .a. preheat byp.su ·

. • )'Stlllll Va& 

### . iusr:i!.lllld to 

### c-p . LeJDe

. nt • ebe 

### preheat •**of~gas** 

### au.pply 

### so t
. hat tl\ese tvo 

### .-creams · delivered : the ·**r~qui.red ·** **cl~d raft** **.** cleyiug 

### heat**sup ph>~**  

### . FigUTe 1 

### deJiicts '

. coli.VeDtio ' cal 

### pl.sa.t clesi.gn**e~~pl.oyiag ,**  

### a • tvo paaa 

### c)1'ele. ·**1~0..** c:he · cvo**p~&a** c!QUUd

_ nft**cy~** 

### le 

### > the ucxc 

### irmov•tion of the 

### proceu 

### eyclo!**~ppe-ue<;t** . wicb an vp4raft 

### clryilic •one • .. This 1.1pdt:aft 

### cleyiag**~ne** 

### vas . i.oiti&teci .' 

### co**c::i.=-Q.~:~~~vent** 

### problaills usociated ' with 

### collapse of the pellet bed**ea.co~a~e~cd** with

.**c:er.~ain** type 

### a of steec bal 

### b. l 

## 7705177753 APR

. 16 2001 02:41PM P3

83

- 355

. 

### The updraft 

### drying**~one** 

### was**foll~ed** 

### by a**~borter** 

### clovndrafr**dry\~8 zo~e**  

### Vhieb prepare•**~he** 

### pelloc bed for •=try into the**bot~ei pr~beat**  

### zoae. 

### b. Inch11:ef! Heat 

### llec:up<tratioa · Ihe first GlATE-XILN 

### Syttem**~ith** heat**rec:uperario~** 

### was supplied to Sydvaraa-**~er ~~**  

### i3**li~~eGet, No~~Y·**  

### Ihis fa

### cility .,u**commiuione~ ·**  

### ' iu 1972. 

### The beat**rec:~ps~atioa deai&n**  conaisted of 

### a**d~JC** 

### c fro.a ch•

. · annular cooler Jib ich**~aa** 

### introduced into eAch**pr~heat** 

### fan**~ia** 

### cbe · outlet chamber of**~he .**  

### preheat cyclone 

### duat**coLlectors~** 

### The**late~t** 

### of tbia**deai.g~:~.** 

### waa 

# to replace 

### the pro

### cess 

## sa.**ao~~ly ~ypaased**  

### fro. the preheat 

### furisace

. which, wbea**c~iued wit~**  

### Che prebeat 

### off-gas

- streams,**~a=~** 

### prised the deyiug require.aept. The 

### plant 

### voutd ttart 

### up . 

### ia che bypass 1110de. 

### ar:d once · 

### che coole-r 

### was t illed uitb a hot 

### pellet 4:h•r;e, the**r~coup .**  

# nov.**"~'** 

### inc::r811lentally introduced to 

### replace che 

### bypa&s flow. Ia. the**~-- ·**  C:OQP mgde, the total drying 

### heat aud 

### •aaa 

### requiremeata**we~e** 

### thea. coaDQ$ed of recoup. gaa &nd

### p~eh•at**off-g~$es. Th~**  recoup**~~peeatu~e** 

### vas adjusted 

### to IUintaiB a mad111t=**dry{.~** 

### "C:earperatura**c~pattble** 

### Yicn the preheat · 

### fan con**st~ctioa** 

### aud with the 

### green h4ll**c:b~a~teristics.** 

### Figure 2 

### depicts 

# * preheat 

### fan Lnduced type 

### heat**~ecuper~tion** 

### system. Tb.i.s type 

### of r.cou" deaiga. i.ndueu 

### tile**requ~rea** 

### procata 

### gas ·**flo~** 

### via**t~e pr~suze**  

### head**~ailable at**  the**~e~~t f~**  

### inlet 

### duct•· Since Sydvar4nger,**th~s** 

### type 

### of**hea~ recu~r~tiou** **ayata~~~** vaa 

### inatalled Oil 

### three aev plants 

### and aa a retrofit on 

### oae aachiae.


### c. Dedicated Fan 

### Heat**leeu~e:racioa** 

### A conservative 

### approach co**hea~** 

### re- . . euperation 

### daaigu·came about**~i~h** the 

### install.acioa of a 

### declica · ted heat re- 

### ;up!lr&tion fan. this

.**~an** 

### induces How 

### fiom tiLe 

### snnu.lar 

### cooler into 1;1\e recoup 

### fall a.ncl**suhac~uel\tly ~lllllps**  

### process gas directly t-o · 

### ,a pro.:eu 

### zone of 

### · the grat&o 

### Procaas · · . gas flow 

### represl!nte4 by 

### tbio ·**re~oup .**  faa COI!lpli!llleD.ted .· 

### the ' 

### pntiea

- t -· off-gaS**.s~reiiiD .**  

### · to**delive~** 

### 1:he · required =.:tu a.nd 

### heat

. c . o 

### the deyiog

. 

### zone. Ill 

### spccifi!!

. c:i

. . 

### rcumatecea,

- t.hi:.t · 

### l'eoou-p 

# fan cie"livet:ed 

### procua 

# a•• to · an air heat- e -

r, 

### for

. · use in a · dehyd1:acion J:Onl!. ·**Til~** 

### clHic.:atc4 ian approach · vaa . ias taltecl ' i.n 

### cl\ne mal:latite · plants · ancl 

### si,x hematite 

### plants · both

. 

### .as · odgind desisn 

### 1114 recrofit**equi~eat. Figu~•**  

### 3 depicts a 

### dedicated fsn type heat rec:uperction**liyste~.**

## FROM WOIDA PHONE NO.

d. !Ugh 

### Te.moeraeure I:nclueacJ !ieac**!teeup~ution.** 

### Aila.lysia "f 

### boc:b e;he 

### induced. and 

### dedi.., cactil4 fan·&pproac:nes to 

### heat rer::uper- ·atioa. revealed**devi..:~tic.:Ls** 

### betlleel.\ ·de

### s isn.**eoadi·d.oe~s** lla.d.**aet~al··field.** 

### ctae:.**P&ramou~t** 

### amons tbe ·cieYiatioa.s**~as** 

### the**ce=~er~t~re** 

### of· the**heac·recuper~~ioa.** 

## sa.s- Ct.leulatioc teehfti.que a.t .the**t~e** of the &foreaeotionecl ·**~esiga.•** precliet·ed ·a a.Oiilio.d 

# t..oo•c recoup 

## aas**~;esaperatu'C'e.** 

### -Field ·**~perienc:e· ~on**  

### silltencly**prod~~·~ ~**  source**c~pera** 

### tu.re in the range ·of SOO to 8LS•.c. 

## .u 5 

### result· !lf ·this difference. the rec:oup · ·gaa raquirad. tempe riDS "ith ·ambient' 

### air-'especially ia. .thou 

### plants vith ciedic:ated**~:ecoup** 

### f:fts.· Thh t.em

### pe·dng· prMise**e~.u** 

### · 

### recogni.:cec! as i.Gef• ti:eiel'lt 11 

### inca the hot gas 

### hs<l to be eoo Le<l, and. iu 

### c:en:a.in inst:&ncee: !:'e- 'bear::e<! 

### ·in· pla!U:s ·**e<tuipt:~.ed** 

### with ait' heacers for**dehydr~cion.** In**pl~ncs** u c:iliz.iag t:he 

### induc:ed. eo 

### de of hear: 

### ucuperacioll inr::o r::b.e 

### '·!)rehear: fans,**~r::**


# . "'"'* found**~hat** 

### <Jqe cc a · lo-r 

### cnan ex• 

### peeteci avnage prehuc o.ff-gu etmp&r· at(lre pred.ict:ed 

### h·cm caJ.culacion anci te$t**~ata,** tne 

### recoup**ga~ cemperac~re**  

### had. to be nigher 'than design level to**pro~uce·a** dOwnliCream 

### olen4 at**t~e ~e**  sired**dryi~** r::emperature. Sine.e 

### tl\e 

### lliib. l'ie•t**.vdu~** 

### ·of clle reeuperaei.ort 

### gases vas c:ousisi::encly 8Vid.ent 

### in**cu~. G~ti-~1~~**  

### p&llecizing pla1u:s 1**~o~aiag** 

### · these. gu;es. 

### d.i::-aecly into the 

### proc:esa evolved. · Thia·iciea vu i.1npleaen1:ed by Cltivebnd 

### Cliffs l::roQ 

### Company in 

### t:heir**~mpi.re** 

### XU 

### ullh. This u.uir:: ori.gi,!la.Uy ·n4d · a dedicated 

### faa. 

### o.uilt .!or 

### 4zs•c· operacion. In 

### .!.ieu of installin.$ "-faa. r::o . operate 

### at ·6.00QC,· 

### the origitt.sl' roco-t va6 

### rcmoved, 

### a 

## refuc·coq lining**iust.sl.le~** whe'C'e -e<eq ... ired,, ;a11cl che r11coup 

# s•• U"lls

..... cl**din~;tl.y** 

### an**th~** 

### grate b)'**f.tr.d\J~** 

### i.ng flo-•**~ie~** 

### · cl1e 

### existing 

### vasce gas**fan~** 

### Figure 4**·dapi.~u** 

### ·**~ big~;** **te!llper~cure** h.ea!:**reeu.pera.~3.on :y~C6m·**  v:.a. a sJ. c·;:le. duct frOUt· the**c:ool~r'·** · :tke t.J:.AB 

### g.p.-79 plant of£ere.d. 1u1ot.he1: 

### -=e!inaaent to
. ne":: roecuperadou vi t.ti fcyr 

### duces frgm cbe .cooler which feed u-pcl.raft: 

### dr-}'io.g, dovrui::-af.t. 

### <1:,-ine. ceaaperecl 

### prehe,st:.- and

.**pn~eat** 

### v;.a**~he** tr;.iln respecdvaly. The 

### obJective of. r::h'is**c:Les ~n**  vaa 

### to 

### provide the minimum quanr::ic:y of hiJh ,**qv.di~y** h.•ac for. 

## ;:·acn ·

_ aw- ... vw**.;:h,a:_c~•v!iil.i.~ ~** **ira~e** • .**a~­** 

### slilu ot -thi-s dl!!.si.lft ·vet-e. 

### reflected• 

### i11 · lov

. fuel· coDSUI!Ipti.on ,t.nd.· low**~~:oc:.,.ss. :**  tiilt\ 

### power coniSu.pdott•**Figu~e** 

### ! depict:a**~ha** 

### sehematic o£**~** h 

### ign r.empersrure' heac ncuperadon sysw:ea> "'ich mult:i!)le 

### .duc:cs frOUL the 

### coo},ar. 2 

### 7705177753 APR. 16 2001 02:45PM Pll

e.·. 

### Variat-ions s teDIIILing frolll**~he** 

### bas i.e high**tnt~erac:ure** heat :ec'!-lpnaation 

### syst:a!D. ar.e conciageat**~.~~a. ~.he**  

### e-- peutur'e**.dbt.db~£tioa.** 

### of**gase~ ·**  

### luvit\a r.h.e bed 

### of**~ellecs** 

### i.ft

.. ·r.he 

### coolec-.**Fig~~e ~**  sho

... e a**cyp~~~l ~."rve:**  of**~ff** 

### sas**tota~pU'.clture** 

### vcu . ... s · 11\US 

### fl.ov ·of c:ooliag**A~r.** 'A**dee~ease** ia**l:~e amov~t**  of ga'$ flowing into cne kiln inc:rea5es the g;u; ccmpe:rol.ture .ali.gilcly. · Such a <:bange,**h~ar** ,. causes a**~a** 

### distinct**i11c~ease** 

### in the 

### recoup gaa temperat::ure. As 

### a**~:esult,** 

### de• creuing the 

### flC)'II of gas1u1 

### hota**tht~** eoole!'/ltila./p:reb.ear::**,~:~ce** ·t'oute 

### ·c,.ft. ln• Cl'USI! 

### the oveull**h~llt** 

### effi.ci.eRcy of t:be P't'ae.e••·**~AvczntaJaS** of Cligh 

### Te:mpe:.:u:ura Heat 

### ltecll-pen.cion 1ha high**tempe~at~re** recoup syscea offers 

### the following**advanta~es** over earlier recoup d.e10igna: 

### 1. SigQi;ficaut fuel reduetioa 

### by

2. taking acl.vantase of**ti:.~J** ·heat**l:~anafer** cs.pabili t)' of r.ecoup nigh 

### t-.peratul:'e 

## s••es. Fan poile.r nation · of 

### fan. %ed\lc:t:iou 

### by a dedicated


### 3. · Faa · paver 

### and**ai~e** .reduc:r::iou 

### in the l)reheat. f.a.u by 

### eliminat:ing the**re~ai~~ent** for**~heee f~n•**  to**ha~le the·~ncire**  

### dr;in& heat anQ**.U$~** 

### ·load requb·_.,,.t. ·

· li.. A &hort:er kilo.**d~e** ·.to the in"" 

### c reaaed. lltrel\,th lave 

### 1 of**pell~ts** 

### e ntel:ing 

### the kill.\ 

### nsul t.in.g f't'·CIID 

### im!'raved thei'TIIal proc•uin;s in**~he** 

### gul:e. S.**~p~o:~~:ililar.:ely** 

### 90% ol!id.atl.on· rate Oft che g1:u:e.**fo~ ·1114cncti~e.** **~iel:l illi.p~cc:s**  

### positively ou**pro~e:n** fue:l**coi\O~~ap.c:i.on** 

### anli

.. Preheat 

### fau 

### power**ciuw~** 

### 6.

7.


# a. Lowet'iQg the 

### cooler sass . ratio req4.lh'CIIIenc: for magne'r.i.te plant:a**~hich** 

### re4ucea**cooli~** · fan·pawer**~O:UI.UIIIpt:iOI1.** 

### COIIlplete**;~roeus ~e~overy**  

### of**~u** 

### ••aaible he•e 

### in t:b.e 

### c:oo .. h!r. RedW::.ed. proea••**i;-~ts** flo" i;n cbe. 

### vu t.a · ca•**sr: t:e:a~**  d.ue 

### to che t, 

### £c'n gaS·**.tftpet'£1:\l.~e/lOW•** I. US4

. 

### l'•U:io r-elatia.nship tor 

### .a ·required !<.ilo**caloJ:~e** i.a.put 

### level.**~.** Min:i:D.UIIl**A~mbel:'.** 

### o£ l)rocess f;tns

. . for ii11t**iM\I.I:'&Cio~** IY8Cetll. · 

### tO. A 

### very 'simpie. 

### proeess · 

### du ign for 

## ebe operatol' to u.ad.eucand.. ·

### FROM • WOJDA

\ 

### PHONE NO. 

### 7705177753 APR. 16 2001 02:42PM P4

3 

### S3-3SS

f. 

### &esul ts of- Ileac**Rec~peraciol\** 

### J)evel.opent on Fuel CousumJit:iou

Plaai: I) liS ig11. 

### No Recoup •**Magnaeit~** No Recoup

-**Bema~ite r~s~ced** **lecc~p** 

### - Magnetite tddu.cecl R.ec011p

-**JiA!mad.c:~** 

### i'uel**Coalilw:ptic~t** 

### 137-162,000**~CAL/Hl** 

### ZZ.S-275.000 KCAL/KI



# sa-us.ooo KCIJ./'I!II 

### 2.00-225,000 'LcAL/!fi lliS!I 'rempel:'atul:'e lztcluced leci)Up**~** Magaetite SQ-7S 

## ;ooO

. lJ;AJ./'!rr 

### Higb te.pel:'atul:'e**tad~ed** 

### .lecou?. • He=atice 

### 175-lOO,QOO KCAL/wt Fuel Consumption**b~sed** 

### on gross besting value 

### of fuel.

g**~** 

### llesul**t;~** 

### of Heat: R.ecapera.t:ion 

### Dev.lotnttei:tt 

### on Fen Power 

### Consumption



### Plant 'Design No Recoup
- 

### Magnetite**Ind~c: ed**  Recoup

- Magnetite 

### Fau Power Cousumntion

liiih**·remp•r.i.c~e Il\d~&cecl**  

### Recoup '- Magnetite 10

... 14 li'JJ-HR/Ml' 8-12 Dl-Hl/trt 6-8 IGI·Hl/:t'I



### One liiU.St 

### bear ill 111.iud 

### tbac 

### a**varie~:y** 

### of factors**ca~** 

### affect fuel consumption fi:'OIII. 

### !!L4CU: 

### eo plane: even 

### though 

### the cu eype is sie.ilaZ". · IQ .Nd.i.ti.ol\ to 

### che**in• e** **v~ ~•**  

### oi· !:he he.!t 

### re-**eupe~atioa. sysr;~~**  such tacC:oc-•**••~**



### L

. 

### cusnedte**cont$~c** 

### o5 the. 

### ore,. 

# 2. L.o.r.**conte~t** 

### of**t~e** 

### ore, 3. graeu ball**moiatu~e** 

### aud temperature, (1.. 

### 5.**gree~** 

### ball quality as co reeoveiy rate, 

### it.relatc• gl'.ei!n 

### bd1 bad 

### de.ptl\**a~** 

### it re-,
.. 

### latas to reeea.ci 0 

### n**ti~~.e** 

### on tb• ·grace, 

### 6.**pla~t** 

### pro4uctiou rate, 7.**pC'esen~e** 

### .of , additi:ve:S. or 

### era·. con

### s**tiC1.1eu.c~;** 

### which**c~eo:aca** . 

### eudochen&.i.o or 

### ezccbe=ic
· reac:tioa.s• iZl che process.. · 

# s. general physical**.conditio~t** 

### of tbe 

### operating· 

### plane 

### ia teras. ·of 

### air se.-1 

### eonclit.ion Oil tha .· srar.a**an.c~** 

### , kila., Ye.:lt' , o;Qnc:ition of 

### grate c:osponencs , 

### aact cooler· 

### pallet 

### al.is=ccu:. 9- 

### 'kiln burner s to icl:u:=•**~.~i.e** 

### air d.eaiga, 1. 

### 10.**refr~tory** 

### m:a.x syate.a, 

### throughout the 

### 11.**cir~laciou** of**va~ ai~**  · 

### inco·;he**,r~ary cecli~s** **fa~ i~lac,** **l~.** operator 

### ua4er•eand.i.ng p1'0CIUIJ 1 

### of the 

### all coabia.e co 

### enhance or detract**fro~** a 

### plant:'s fuel COftSWilfH.iOO. 

### Mec:tumic&l 

### lluiso**l111.p~oveme.uts** 

### travelina**Gr:~.te** 

### 'Iheilia:in**pu.~pollet** 

### of 

### the design improve- !RilD.t.e on. the**~raveling** 

### graee were:
a.·
b.

c. tO

### C:OU.C:r~l tlle
· t1'&D.SYe'l:'$e

### Y&~etU:: and**~ha.** gapping .of tbe Ch.ai:ll ColnpOfteEU:II, 

### to improve 

### sealiftg co lllinillliz.e 

### ·aebi.;!.!lc · a 

### i.r i:nleakase, and.
to iatprov• mac:hine avaibbi.lic;y and. the.**e<~sa** 

### ;;,f maint.enaac:a. ·


### a. 

### Control. of**tr~!varsc ~ncl**  

### ·Axial**GaDoin~** ift 

### tl'le Couv.evor 

### Chain CoD.tl!'ol of ;he 

### transverse and 

### axial aapping 

### vas gained by 

### close concrol 

### of colerances on the**vario~o~s** 

### · grate 

### plate .t'II.Ci 

### cbdn· link .ca...s.Ha.ss •hich**c:gg~pri.n** 

### a**~itch AGi~bly.**  

### Control of 

### the geppina: 

### is

.. i'llll:lorcant 

### l:lecause mia.imu111

# FROM WO;IDA

' 

### \ PHONE NO.

. : 7705177753 

## APR. 16 2001 02:46PM P12

_ 4 

### sappicg 

### miniai&es saeariat fall t:br4Ngh. 

### bacveen adja.ceuc g-:;u:e p1.aces · 

## and batvee'll eboiu CQS 

### ti.!lgS .and**~~ate ~1•~es.**  !y**«l~i~tius siguificaa~**  fall**tbr~sh** 

# of**~terial.** veisht re- eoveey ia the proce.u 

### i.l iapr_oved and

. 

### less· dvat 4

_ 114 cllipe are haudl<!cS in · ;tua 

### recyc-le · syacem. Another important: 11dvauc.age of .mini

### miz-:i.a.s uter!aL hll through 

# ou the**~~·=·** 

# ' is chat abi=ua aapa j)I!'O&Ote**vcif~~ ~eatill&**  

### of**th~** 

### pellet bed 

### and •**~n** 

### -**e.v~.E\ :**  

### tea.pel'atu.re.**ar~ien:t chr-~gh**  

### the**~Qnveyc:~r** 

### c;l'lain. 

### .My**sa~s** vl\ich

. foEIII · 

## on tb.e 

### chain 

## allOY -. Cbaa1\elirig · of
- 

### nocainal 

## !ooo•c proc:•n g4se

_ :t**~hich** 

### can**~er~a; ~pecific** **a~aas ·~~~**  

### a.eeessi.t:ate,.**freq~Jen;-** 

### p.art:s repl&c:ciiieM and 

### r!l!cluce · pL4U:lt: availabilicy.

_**Cha~ling** of hOt

. . 

### process gas . can 

### alao**at~Aelt** 

### ia.tarior**pa.r~a** 

### cf tbe. 

### c!ld: .!lo chat

- the**i.ed-u.c~:iall** .h..ardoecd. 

### areas of the**chai~** link**a~ci** tnrough**~od** - are**:e.'!'e~ed** &44 

### bec.o.e

. soft. Ollctt -this 

### softe:lliq**.a~do11 .** **~CC\Ior8, c.~ea-c**  

### betve-tn the cbain 

### lillk/through roci- interface ac::a

_ le:ratea · vll.ich requires 

### 1110re f:r:e**quen~** 

### replacemaac of -theae**c~apo~~ta.** 

### The. induction**ha~deaed** 

### area 

### of**r::~e** chain lillkbore .tnd throush rod vhieh**~ncarhc:e** ill 

### 600 !lri=ell

. 

### Maintainina

_ the

. illteg:rity of the**ve~rillS ~u·** **ts** 

### of che

- chdu 

## b**~lleref!)~e** 

### very i.mpo-.:·eant ' fol- C:bain· 

# u::e, ' plant 

### avail-

_

· ability, • 

### .aQd_**citi~** 

### . 'llaincena

_ uce. - 

### As

. me'Cit:i.on•ct

-**abo-i~,** 

### priD · ary**eo~r::ro** 

### fif

_**th~** 

### · .&i a l •apping

. 

### i8**co n~rolle4**  by 

### close · casti-ag tolerauce 

### of the

_

### chai:~. U.tslu

- al\cl**~race** 

### platee. · If 411 eh&in**cas.:tca~** 

## aull gn,ce place.e are 

### IDOY•d 

## · co fOl!l ;a . ·. ai.ngle gli,P 

### acro$1 thf:l- vidtil of 

### th•

- chain , r::he total**ace~laced** gap vottl4

- be 

### only

_ 1).2**ailli.111t1t~n** ou a 

### 4. 6**~eter** 

### wide**sra~e.** 

### I"**~4~i: ~u** **t~ ut:iug**  

### tolerance concrol, 

### tne'**~ipe '**  5p.&!OII!!r 

### Qich fits or 

### di4es on the



### . chrougb ro

_ d is**u~v** 

### a 

### thicker wall

_ pipe; the**p~eaene** 

### Qe•igu bas • ?7%**i~~reAse.** 

### in**~onc&ct·** 

### area beeveeA**~ho** 

### pipe ·s-pAcer aud. c:haiu Unlc.**ove~** 

### :he 

### -previous

_ 

### 4uiln•

_ this l.u'ger c:oacac;t as-a& prevenca .... anreo'>llli- · 1\1 of the pi.pe 

### ,tpacar 

### vall

. .!IO**~ha.r::** 

### ?reclecaminad

. gaps i 

### a · che

_ pitch 

### aase.ahl.y ,**a~~** 111a 

### inuin&d.**~ainr::a inin;** **. ~;he**  il\t:egricy of tha Jlipe**apace~** -- 

### el

_ i.ciua

_ cas · i.r::a ' c:haa.ce c.o tDOVe or



### _ slide on· · che tbraugh rod ao**~:.hat g~pa** **eaan~c** 

### acc;umulata ia oc•**•~•~ ~hich**  ia**t~~n ~~oca~**  - leakage of pel• 

### lets th1:ou

_ gb '. 

### the**c~aiu,** ancl the**~e 6Ult~nr::** **_ p~oblems**  

### vich**over~eaci:tg** 

### a.ru.l**z:e1>L ac:ecae"~** **~l ~he** **affec:~ted** 

### paz:t:s.**tre~** l:hrouth rod' · are t:l\reac!ad · _an



### _ eithel' encS so that the' axia.l IIIOV-en.t i.e lilet

. tl!r coatroll.ac!. aia<!e a ' ftut r•- · places cl'l.e**od~lnal** clip 4e&ig!1. b- · -

c. Transverse 

### gapping i•**im~rovad ~y** **s~p** 

### plying a larger di.smet:er c.hrough 

### rod**whi~** - increases**tb~** 

### oearing area of the

. througll

- ' rod/ c:h-.!i11. li'llk iln:erface : by 18% 

### over th e previou4 

### de.cJiga.**~b. feo.~~re** **dot~g t~\th** **i~duc::iotl. ba.:-d.eD1n~**  

### of

- tb.e**coni:~ct** 

### areaa chu

_ ll 

### c:on . tro
. ls che tTauave.-ae

_ ga . ppi(lg

- '110\"C: 

### c:ffec:tivaly. 

### the**~et** result of the improvsmeats to 

### chain · design 

### is ta iuoreaae cbaiu 1i fe toa p&-ojected 44 to S2

- mon1:b

- sch:edule 

### vers · vs tbe 22 to 

### 26 montlla acb.edule of**th~** origical

_ desisn·**S~al I~rovem•uc.s**  of :he 

### Traveling

### ~ Ambient air iuleakage i.nto**-~:he pro** **ce:~~** 

### gaa e 

### 'r:re- h

- unde&irs.ble bec•u.se 

### am**bie~at:** .air**de-p~e:~~.aes** the system tem**peratuTe~~** 

### Lover proces.a 8&5**t:empe~ilturea re<l1.1~e**  

### ' ileac transfer effectiveness which · can promote**~igher** fuel**-· rat~**  .an.d high e. r**procea ~**  fan
·**pow.~** clue to the. 

### l.araoe.r quant:Ll:Y of 

### denser : proc:e&s gas**~o** 

### be handled. Tvo areas of grate aealing have beeu 

### improved to**~educe cbe** **de~~LD*ftt:&l** 

### ef

### fect of lealt.ase•**~e** 

### upper**Sui'p0~4:**

_ s.b.afU**(i.e~, .**  

### th-ose wic:h h.a1fC**C&l.'~ i~&**  

### 'C'ollers wbicn accually 

### support cbe ::onveyor c:hain} nov nave . double ri'lig

. carbon seals**o~ ei~her** **ai~e ~bic~**  

### re- place

. · :.he.

- od&i.D.a4**1111e~e:al l•** **by"C"i.t\~h**



### - seals. 

### Tbe**ea~bon** 

### rings are**i~lit ·**  

### i.A!:Q : 

### 1110•

- •cgmeu'o ucl are . held

- 

### in**~Lace** · by eiroular spring• ao**~C:bat** eoo**t"~ b~tvc:eu**  

### the 

### silaf: and**~;ul** 

### i.a

. alvay•**_- illai~tai.nad.**  

### . 

### !bi& poa itive

- 

### s e s!.**be~en** · '

_ t:he

- windbox

- allci aea.ospbcre 

### _lliilU.bcs :**teak~agc** • 

### Si.da eallr::iuga 

### have an ' improved 

### gr:a,ity**typ ~**  

### ab ' l!e

. al llhie h

. 

### floats on**~h.~** 

### upper - 

### eur:ac:e of the side 

### caH 

## i.ng. The 'eal

. vidth has been i.ncreuecl c:o 

### allav 

### aOCIIe**111ov•en~** 

### of

. the &ide 

### cutio.s • The 

### seal &tU! i.l:s housing 

### n-.zva fadlity 

### to IIIOVe in 

### tbe vertieal aa4**hor:i~ontal** 

### otiz:ect:ion

- 10 

### t.hat p:"O!'I!I!' 

### COAtact 

### be• 

# tween the sed bar a:ld 

### aaovins • ide

### ~~C:in

### 1 h !!1!!i!l'!:a.itl4ci

. 

### 'this dde :::an;ug - 

### seal reciu<:es · air



### - i.Q.fi.l.;ruion**be~een** 

### · the**acaosphe~e** Aftd**fuc na~** **e** (o;,erbed c:h.-ber) , _ AM 

### betveeu · the 

### furnace 

### and the vindDOX

- 

### ( un4erbed cbaaber>•

- 

### 1ft acloic:iou, 

### tne aide 

### un- 

### ing

. · has

- a - vaar ·shoe " actached to

- tile 

### 11D.ders

- ide, 'ftl.ia**."'S~** shoe rid.ea

. On

. 4 

### lubdcat.ed 

### atatio"ary · sed ba r 

### to fom an**~ir** edl. 

### this seal**elilllift:a~o•** -.-



### . b i.e

_ nr.**a~r** · 

### lu'-&&:e

_ 

### into**~he** process**~asca. t~vro~e** **~chi~e** Avsilabili5y and**~·••** of 

### l'lai.!lte!\ae.ce 'Ibe**i&por~al\1,\ feat** **~es** \lb.ich eoa.-**r::rib~te** co 

### t-:ansversa**gap.~ina c:o~c:rol** 

## FROM WOIDA PHONE t-[1.



### h. 

### ave llollell duc:ribad above. A& 

### previously aael\ti.omeil, tb.e inere,as.e _in**~he ~hr~~,~an**  

### 1:'04 rli.auer coupled wuh J.ociuction**ha~eoiug** 

### of the**throush r~d** **~tiain** 

### link

. i,oCef'face lli.ll be the 

### priae**£a~1:or•** 

### for· a 1onge'E' chain**life~** I\\e 1 

### ife 

# i• no¥

. project:ed to · 

### be in the r .ange . of 44

. to
.. 

## s-z**'IIIOil~hs.** 

### 'Ihi.• pl"o

### jecdoU:
· . i·a band on clac.a obtained

. from operadna planca · vith similar**de~ign ialpr~vesen** **cs.** Grar::e plates · supp_lie.d on the traveli.aa**gr~te** · are 

# one piece. cast, high**ar~e** acainle•• s1:eel units. These**uftl.t~** are · utrl!lllely

. heat 

### resistall.t. aad replaeeaen.t 

### is

. ·usually .ticcaeec!. Oillj if oue**should ~reSk** **~r** 

### become**~os6~** to a c!.i:rec · t 

### f.lOOt 

## ot**ho~;** prcbeae z:olie ongas. Sicle 

### c · aacin.as are aqui.ppell 

### wit!\ cut 

### iron tht\lst: &uE:tons

. '1111i.cb are UBed in eotljucctioa Vi,th 

### tllruat bracket• co con . eetly track. or guide the 

### grate 

### chain. · 'Ihruat brackets au locacac:l o·a; each furnace .steel 

### col- · aad

. are 

### e:cily · · acc:esaible aod ad.juo;a.bla sllould 

### the grate
. ebain requirli!l track

### ing**ad:jullflaet~t.** . Ud=g this tbruat.**bracket/thru~t ·**  

### button approach**~o** 

### suide**th,e~bai.o.,** 

### the**re~uiremeat .**  

### fer J\d.de**.!lp;-~e~cu ~n**  

### the : upper.**sup~on** a:ooller 

### tt\afu auci fot:' chru•t 

### 'C'ol.lers oft cbe 

### r ' etvnl**a~••b'ly** are ·**elicci.Aat~d.** 

### Lei a**har~vi&-ct** 

### ao.d



### . leu ·**ui~te~tance .**  

### is**1;e~ub·~·** Si.cia

..**~aacings** · uve , a · "t"eplaceable wear 

### •hoe. on the bottom**~f** Cha 

### caseins. Tbie a-.411 sboe t!li.111inal:l!ls 

### cha need 

### to replace

### t~e· eAtire 

### loYer

### c~atiaa of 

### che aide casciag assembly and · this**pie~e.Je** . 

### -ceplaced

. very ea!lily i.l\ tbc repair · 

### ao!le. Ihh
· feature agai11 saves



### . h.sr<lwac-e and c:i•e uquired for 

### repair versus · the**previo~e** 

### . desil=·

The .dri.ve 

### for the· 

### t:c...,eling grace 

### is 

### i11 a haad.sb.aft oouct" unit wherein ai.salig11111ent betveen a 

### bullge.sr an<l 

### pinion is el\ln.i.l'ULCed, ·'!hill 

### new , drive anem'bly i.s ulf•contained and h.as a built 

### b c:irc:uhting lube s)'sce., th.ua elimia.adl!-$ the**~cviou•** .sprily 

### lub r i

### catioa 

### tyscam for

.**~he** gear 

### aad pi.Zlion..


### Meads**haf~** .. 

### sprockets 

### o! .the trave:ling 

## sr•:e uow · ·· .have

. 

### z.oeplaceable sr::elli.te ;l.Dseri:s in a&eh tooth. On che pre

### Yi.OUI · dadgn , , 

### ell.- ·eAt ire

. 

### sprocket · bad 

### co be replaced when 

### word as ouly · a welded 

### hardened overlap 

### oA**t~e coot~**  va:t p-resent: to take · the 

### wear action 

### beeveea. · tooth '**~t ~liai.a..**  

### The !lev 

### de• Ji&ued · inserts are 

### repl&ced**vicho~t** •prociket

.. 

### rl!llloval &Ad. i.o. a fr.acci.oa of the**~ime** versus the previous 

### de9ian. 

## 7705177753 APR. 16 2001 02:42PM P5

83-3SS A hydravlic cailsbaft takeup aasaably 

### is 11.011 c:le

. dgned iato ::be traveling srate • . ih• tail.rbaft · waa 

### historically fixaci to che · frame of : · the**~ate.**

· WheneVer. the

. 

### grate chain 

### requirad

c 4;hteuirig, clue**~o** Pl:'

. ogz.oessioa. of wear 

### vich

. d.lle. the 

### srace b · ad 

### to be shut 

### 4owa 

### for tai$**p~rpo••·** Nov pitch

-re

### llloval. · vbel\ reqQir.ad**~ ~an** **·** t·hell 

### be per:- fo'C'IIIO<:l liuring a · scheduled 

### cuiatenac.ee ll&riod.



### The ticru>eli11.g Jt'&te 

### b

. l<aed.er 

### scaclt cap. .hall 

### been reliesicnii<l ·auch tl!..at a. 

### pi.voc pd.11cipl.e 

### is · uov eiaployed • . 

### !he 

### praYious · · stack 

### c.sp**~6a~bly** reqnired a**••~ie~** of ch&ins**A~~** 

### noac ahielcla to 

### lift th.e 

### cap. · the new 

### de.sisa. l:l

_ sa tbe 

### pi•oe paine 

### away from tbe hear; ao"rce 

# and fever paru are :-equi-red to 

### lif::. tbe 

### cap itself.

Haac:lshaft 

### beat'Lag.s

. on**th~** traveliag 

### grate have

. oeen 

### e:!Ctea.dflc! to the 

### out-

· OO&rd 

### sUa o.f

. the 

### 1\udsbaft • . this •ove=ecc . peraiu · easi

. er IIIS.intecsftet 

### of · 

### thes• bearill89,**~ile** 

### tne cooler**e~~** vho11111ea.t 

### -p

_ rolollgs · oe4ring 

### tife. the Get 

### I:'&Sult of 

### .the abOVB 

### descz.o\bed deaign impf'ovneilts on the traveling grar;e · is co. provide ·: longer · wachine

· life, easier _. mainte'll4DCe, fe11er re**placemeu~** 

### parts, aftd' 

### Unprovec process**thera~~** 

### effieiedcy. ·

Kiln feed and 

### discharge end 

### air aeals**ha~e** bee11. 

### i.mprovad to 

### further**min~iEe ~bient** **~i.e- inlukaa~**  

### to 

### che kil11.**t~** or4er 

### to**~P,rove** the**k~ln** faed an4**a~r** 

### seal, tile d'isc:harge h4)"sil'lg of the 

### gnce, u!)On IIIlich th•

. feel! elll.d. · . ;a i r $e« · l u:=bly is**.loc~ted,** 

### vi.ll**g~-** canted so that 

### its**fae~** i.s · paral.iel to th

. e . .l&

. lopi.l!-1 face of the 

### ltilu. the


### . sul assembl7 

### seedns**agai~st** the · ent.i.re c;ircwafere

. ace of the**'t'Ot~tLng** 

### fla11ge of the**kl~~** 

### viti, therefore, be im

### prove4 • . In

. orde.r**~o** 

### in.sure tontac.c; bec11e.tl'l**~:ne** 

### sc:aei.oa•ry ao.cl**rotal:it~J:.** 

### seal 

### faces ; air 

### eylia.dn• will

. be

. · utili.l:ed co · assi$t.

. io**l>ositioft.i:~g** · tile

. atati.O"nery seal 

### face**agai~~.tll: ~he;**  ' kilO:.**A~r** c:ylin.c!ers wi).l ' be.**loc:a~td.** . i.n each 90• 

### quadrant· · of tl:le**~11al.** Th

- is**~esi.cn laprove.,e~:~t**  &long with

.**l."'b~i** 

### c:aced, eaellioeil •urfaees of t.he · aeal fac:es, · vill**fur~~~•~** 

### re . 4uce -bioat air**l,!,•k~,.:•** into the**l(ila~** 

# tb.•••

. 4esian**~hangee** 

### c:O!n• bia.e 

### to.**fu~the~** U.prove.tne already "**~pr~s** 8 

### ive fu.el · 

### efficiency of tile 

### GRAT!:•.UL.N Sy$11:CIIo' ' 

## FROM**WOlD~** 

## PHONE NO. 7705177753 APR. 16 2001 02: : 47PM P13

Azlnular Cooler l'be

__**~imary pu~potes**  

### of the duigA eh:u1gu in the**&4n~l~r cooler**  

### are:
a. minimize**ambiecu~:** 

### . air ialeakalie r;o the p1:'0QI!88**~** . . . · ·. . . 

### b. 

### improve !dchioe**jvai~abil"it)"** •M. 

### ease _ 

### o( aa

_ i.ncecau_c:e.

•· Minimil'.a · 

### Ambient: 

### Al.:r:**Inle4k~!!'je** to the**l'ro~esa** 

### Il\e $41ld. 

### seal · 

# be eve eo · "t;he**rou~:i.nc** 

### and a car:i.onary

- 11411 

### hat bee11. · re.pl

. accc1 by " va 

## en· _ aeal..- · - 'l:b.e vater C"'Cilt 

### is ·at**ca~~d** 

### to the**ro~acio.s** 

### vall 

### vi til 

### the 

### aeal s>lai:e ; bei.cr part 

### of 

### che**.~;atioA** 

### ary assebly above- 

### the ::otatia.t 

### atruc:- tu:re. Desiga.Uia 

### a · 11aal vida mi:nimulll 

### Nbte-:i:i::.ca ;mci**cp~ra.ti.r.g** 

### loaaevi e y 

### 1s i•-porac:ive ft<0111 

### r:he s . tand.pouu:



### . of llro- 

### cesa efficiency

_ . - 'Ihe. · 

### water

- seal al

### lows 

### the prima,ry and

.. fi.aal 

### cooling fall4 t.o 

### d.aliver · the 

### required.**g~$** 

### flov t 0

- 

### the**pro~o~a .**  Vi 

### tho"c

- any detri:illencal effects to che**eq~iPQCnt.** 

### The**~acure** of the 

### coqliug

-**~oeaas** 

### imparu· :

- ll · 

### dist::ty**p~.aiti'lte ~**  

### preu.ure dightly**po&~tive pt>es'Jur~J** **'· abcmt**  

### the pel_lec: bed 

### nea-r che



### . irea of 

### t

_ ll.e seal.- Tba 

### ual desisft intenc · is co . 

### prevent c:he flov of**.e~ieuc** 

### air · inc:o**~he** 

### proeess,**~ic~ dilu=~$** **prOF.~iM '**  

### sa$**emperac:ures** 

### aAd**re~tri.<:ca** 

### . the flov

- _ 

### of cool,ieg air**c~ourh** 

### the

. pellec · bcc. lastricr::ing the 

### fla. of 

### i:ocling

. air**chro~igh ~he** **be~** 

### rec:ards 

### tbe coap_letion**~f** 

### oxida• tio1;1. .&a.d**&~hievem~Q!:** 

### · of

- requisict product 

### .•tnngth for ·**a~aguatite.** 

### orcs · . bee

### ~f**:** proeeu _ 

## 3a•**fl~v** · chrough the 

### cooler be4 bu

. beell d.CIIIOoatr.sud 

## eo afffitct 

### Lov Tem.per&J:ul:'e

- areakd.CIY'O 

### char

### acr::aristica 

# · of certain pellet:•· The 

### wat:er 

### soeal;**~o-taiel\** 

### pr9motes ee!!C · I:"cl of thilil

_ flew 

### race

_ ,**c~ .**  

### - th.eref

- o.ee

_ imp4t:t fav-orabl.y 

### oo 1:lli.1

-- •ta-Uurgic:al eha:-- :**ACI:~I:'i&t:lc:.** 

### . i.ate 

## ot

. process . ;a$

_ fl0'4 · through the



### - c:ooler bed. 'h.as · 

### 1>111111.

.**<iaftl0t~I5Crated** to
. 

### affect Low**Tempera~Ure B~etkdown** **~bar­**



### · aoceristics · of · · c:eru

_ in 

### pdlett. The watel' ·a 

### eat, · Which prollfoc:ee connol of 

### cltil fl.ow 

### t'-'illte ' ,' , can ' 

### :here .fore**illl.p4~t E~vorabl)'**  oc**~b.i'a ·**  aetallllra:ical cll.aE"'- acceri s 

# de. · .

tt• Imvtove**!f&c:li:L~•** AvdbbUity and E.,:=a

_



### _ of**Kain.telt~Cee**



### - the v&tu

### •••l**~sia,.** 

## _ (" · 444icioa. co 

### i tl 

### proi:eu · me

_ l'i ta .as. ou c:lill1!4 .above, luu 

### also !aprovad.

- eool.•r jvai.labHicy.**~** 

### · autamatie

_ czoougb , fi-ll '· 

### ayu.- -ill- ·

_ cains ·vaia!- 

### level co -**co.pa<~GO!te** 

### · fol'



### · evaporative

. loases. tu · · a<iditioR,- "'


### · p.-,muic czoo.,sh :PU!IP 

### h**~ph1yed** 

### · c:o 6


### rcm.ove 

### pellec**b~ildup** 

### in tile**~rough** 

### tank..

Ccioler**p~lle ts**  

### . 

### are now f4bricsted 

### in;eel

. p1.ec:es · 111hi · ch



### _ replace ·· - the ol'i,ii-aal cast il'on pallet · •· -**Fabricat~** 

### e4 palleu are 

### easily

- repaired 

### in place**~;~Qich** 

### haa reclueed maintenance cim.e and 

### ell:pause. 

## Coai Firing

_

l'!te · caAtJt-lit.N Syst:eqa 

### 5

. iguificancly redllces**~ellec:** 

### produccioa.

_ coats by 

### utilicing**~oal ~u**  

### pl.ac:e of 

### IIIQU expensive

. liquid 

### o't' gauo•u**t~ell. Co** **~l.** 

### is**~irectly** 

### fired. 

### i.tl the GlA'ti·KILN 

### Systa,**el~Lu&tLng** 

### need**fe~ ;x:e~al** **~ombuatioA .** **~hmD l>~rs,** **.** 

### sbg

-**~apholes, awci~i.ar** **y** 

### b..:rners 

### or spe

### cl.al hi;h prt.ced.**~e.fractorLea.** 

### · Faulkner, 

### Lo$iO, and ·**Cna~e** (1977) 

### presented a h iscorical 

### ilceteh

. of 

### coal**fir~11r** 

### ia the 

### GUn:- ULS

- 

### System t:llae elated 

### back to 

### a 1962**e01111111e~d.41**



### · teal a · teat.

- They 

### also presea.ted l.4boratoty cOli-

. bus_cor

. 

### cut results 

### thac · rel.sted

- c-oaL · al1d coal



### · , &slfpropertiu

. 

## :v**plcii~ pe~fota~ance.** **Ccab•:a~or** 

### tec:vo:k. ancl cOI!Iiaerc:i.al caa1

- fir-ing 

### h

_

llY'e**eoftcl.~ed** prov1d1.ns 

### a .cranser 5Catistieal 

### beae

- fat' 

### coal el:araccerizaeion. the tt\llllb
- er 

### of 

### coue tenecl**~Q~proadl.e•** 

### ·. 

### fifty. At leut ceu GlAI!-!CII.N pl-llliCO: an aow**~v.ip_ped** to fire .:cal 

### typically · •c . ' lOO% of

### ~he fual

. requireeeiLC

### c!urin~**no~l** 

### operation.

_**Pr~se~taciona** 

### by: 

### Murr**~19~2);** 

### Job.asou 

### {19

_ 82); 

### · Itrollmaa <l98l);"**l.op~z.** 

### aollkoneu, .aud. 

### Poe 

### c.&
- ( 1982) llave 

### ducrib , ed coal 

### flriug a

_ yst
. OQa ac tiad.ou•**GRATE-~!!.l'r** !:,•st;:ma 

### in.**~onside~aole** 

### depth. ·

. TypiC..l •ue · •nd 

### llKiistun**rol** 

### . 

### of ·. kill\ 

### bur_ner

. eoal : 

### feed

. i.s

. 50

. 

## to 90%**pas~** 

### ing 

## zoo·**~esh** 

### at one - 

### to tW'O 

### percenc 

### free

. tioiet-ure. Bura.er

. tip 

### v-elocicy ranae.s 

### frO.. 27SO

. to , 457

. !) 1D8Cers per**•in~te.** - - ._, : ,_ :': · '-:·:

_ -,.- , · ·**.~·. ~·**  

## .
StS.t.isr:ical

. Ait.llysis 

### of · LaboratO!jY 

### Ruulu

· r.

ab le. · 1.**ehot~s ··** **~he ral~r:ionships**  OQtVefln 

### vari0\.1$ · c:oal·a:nd



### - coa1 '.- .i.sh**va(L~blaa** 

### and

. -**~abor~tory** 

### depos_idOQ

_ -**~ac:.es** 

### · at: three ·**tesp arat~"**  

### levels. !hit· 

### .ral.:.tiouhipa · an ex-p-rcaae4

. 

### :i.n · =u!lls· of correlation 

### coe_Uici61lts ·**.ella~** deac;-ribe

. 

### the


### · stathcieal"

- 

### · sls&\i

. HceC:11 of a.: 

### gi.ven · .,ariable



### rda.Civc**.~o t~e**  

### . c!e.posic:iaD.-'rate**obt~i.i'led** 

### at a**.a~r:ic:\llar -c:e~~perature.**  

### the 

### .clos-er the eoercht 

### i.on**c:oeffi.~ienc** 

### h to oa.e.; - the 

### bau

- er tba fit 

### _of**~lata** 

### r:o ll 

### str..aight line plot.

. 

### The**IIIO.!It ~**  

### si.cuificaar:

_ v.iriabl.u a:ce coal heating

_ villua, anct · 

### " fixed ear-boa 

### · and..

- ash eont

- elllcs.**~.t ShQ!Il~**  

### be · noced ,**-~hat** 

### eacb of

. :!lese v-ari.aillea 

### u**icu:err~** 

### !':tee! co**~he** 

### other. Basically

_ , 

### u. ash**~o~cenc** n.e
.. - · tb.a fl.Xad c&;-boa.**coD.te~c** . all¢ ' heat• · 

### tnt valr.te

- deereae_lh

_ . 

### Coal- lte&ti!IJ "a 

### lue ia.• c-rease&

_ di,nctll' vi.cb**~ILcua** .. ln fi>.:ed 

### ._.-rboA 

### c:oateot.
_ - Ccnrelaci.on**coaffi~iencs** 

### ' !o-r**as~** 

### co heatias

-

_ VIllt.Ui -&114 li,ce4 c::&rboD.**~!"-** 

### na.atins**v,;~l~:a vn~**  

### · 

### fo1.1il.cl to
. ·**~** 

### in tb.oe · 0**~** 7,J**~o** Q 

# .n - rant 

### e..**1J1n~** 

### ash**~eyoa** 

### iti.OI\**~·~~~i.er** , _ 

### t:ben.fnc

. ; b



### - de•

## FROM WOIDf=l 

### PHONE NO. 

## 7705177753 APR. 16 2001 02:43PM P6**p~ndent** 

### - Oft

_ cbese incerrelate4 coal**~baraccer isti~s.**  The**ee~ ·**  Coal 

### Cbaraceerization Value, or . CCV, 

### bu.
· therefore.

_ · been**dav~** 

### losre<l · to exprel!ls

. 

## cni.a**=elati~as'!lip** 'l'alacivc

. to de pol icion 

### rates.

- 

## n i.•**<!ef~~ed** 

### u; ·

. (Coal Ash**Co~tefl.t.** 

### in · Percent

. 

### 83-355 for any singular 

### variable or 

### any 

### of the cen other 

### p.uuzete'!'s**e~tu.diecl..** 

### This vu true 9ver 

### tb.e range 

### ot tempera.turas ill•estigated

. 

### A coal

. baving · a CCV of 

# o.a or lea• 

### ia x:ec:oarmer.aded for GRAti-lr;ILN 5Y · Iteats ope-ratiu;

. wfth 

### fuel 

### c:ons\llllpcio'llA of 115 

## .ooo ll:eal/tOCll\e 

### or · ' les••

. Reccameo.dec!. · CGV

. increases · or decl'eatet ' 

### depe'llding**COl ~**  

## by Dry 

### WOeigbd X (11

. ,6 X . 197)

. (p-ry 

### Coal Heat:. Co!1CatlC 1.Q

### J~ltg) (Coal 

### Fixec!

. · Ca't'bof\**Cauten~ ~n**  

### :Perce.a-.; 'by ·.' 

### Dr7 'Weigl\ d

. · on the p.ardc:\&lar · · ph.nt 

### fuel · · ratiZil• · · Fo-.:

. example·, a**~oal** vitb

- a 

### O.SS CCV**BhO~Jlcl ~t'll**  very**ve~l** i11**·.:~.** 

### plur; pt"oeeiJsing lllailll · tice**a~** 

### 7:i ,000 

### kc:al/ con.M, but 

### its r . elac:ive · 

### pcu:fol'lll&a.ee ruy vell be expeoted. · co c!.ec:'l'4UU1 e in a 

### similar plane**proc:~s'•in&** ncar.il.tito e.t 200,000 lu:al/c:onue. . : . 

### . .**~** ' . ' . Correlation 

### coefficient$ obt4ined vben**relat~** 

### ing CCV

- to aJh 

### depoaition rates are . 

### hi;he-r :h•n

TABLE 1 CO&a!LAttOM COtFliCIENTS ' i!LAIING COAL 

## ANn COAl. 

### A.Stl COtfPOIIIE.KtS TO LABORATORY**D~l'OSttiOtl** _11,.\T!SCoal 

### Kelated

_ Variables

- Fixed Carbon Content Volatile Content lle.a 

### tias ,Value .Uh Couc:azu:**S~:Lph~o~r Ce~nte\\t**  Ash Related Variables Ash eao · coatellt .Ub

. HgO Co\\teftt 

### Asb**~a20** 

### COntent Alb 

### :K10

. Conteut Ash 

### S:r.Qz Co

_ ntenc 

### Ash Al201 Content Ash Ti02**~oncenc** 

### Ash Je10]**Con~eut** 

### AAh Fusion 

### Levels

. b.'itial

. 

### Defomad.on Tesperuur 'e (IT)**Soft:e~:~i.ng Tempe~at~o~re**  ( St) 

### !ltlllbpher:i.c:d 

### tempez:oacure (\IT) Fl"'id**'t'aw.ii~;.i:."':t~** 

### . ( fT)

· . l!'arameter

TABLE 2 

## ns•c

0.62 0.11 

## o. 7S 

### 0.57 

### 0.31

0.67 Q,)io 0 • .

31 

### O.JS 0.15 

### 0.43 0.21 0.12



### 0.20 0.21 0_.2:3 

### o.-26

0.79

THE E.FFECT OF DOST LEVEL 

## AND 1040"C



### 0.69 0.17 

# o.u 0.78**0~35**



### 0.56 0 • .19 0.07 

## o

• . 3

_ 2 0.02.**0~40** 

### 0.04 0.04



# o.so 0.46 0;.48 

## "' 

## "' U•:.L\1

0 • .

86

'lYP.E ON

.**~IIHZINc;** ASH**FUS~ON** ' l:EMPEMTQES , ' ( 

## •c)

. 11.50"<:



### 0.7l 

### 0.17 

### 0.81 

# o.ao 0.37

0.46 

# o.n o.os 0.23



# . o.u 0.40

. 

### 0.07 

# o.os

0.44 · 

### 0.43 0.43 

## o .oz .



# o.sa

Aab.**Fu~** 

### ion .1\51\.

. - .t.8h

. P 

### l.as Ash

-**Pl~a** ASh 

### Pl\ls ·. ·. Ash**Pl~ l;**  

### ;z Pellet l>ust 2S% 

## P!l O..,st

. ZS%**Pella~: ·**  Ou$C 

### Level Al oue 

### S%

. P!l Out t

IT 

## ST Ht' .FT 

### l:Zl8 1285 1307 1346 

### 1l71 1371 

### llolO 1482• 1182 

### 1447 1460 

### l482• 1442+ 

### l4U• · 1482-to**l<o82~** 

### 1481• 1482• 1482+**14~2·**

## FROM WOIDA PHONE NO.



### Sirnificance of Coal Ash 

# rvs**~o.:L 'l'eti.p~nt:U'r'e**  CCV 

### also describes plant**pe;fo~~ee -~ath~r**  

### r.Je 11. 'l'be .sole · 

### U:cepdon · co i ct**inc!i~~cor** 

### statv.S is 

### a**--1~7-'** 

### ceaJ: · ni.a 

### in-**~ich** 

### the 

### coal r.ea.t:ed was 

### found to. 

### be. 

### col'l.tilminated vi th**111i1L~** 

### scale aad ocher debl'ia.

. Suc)l LLD.o:rid 

### i:z.eci iron

. i ir**kco~~~:t** 

### to 

### depreu "COal · ash · . fusion**r.e~~peratures** 

### ch·amaci.cal1y thereby·**.eoctd~.t.izt~t** to ub buildutl potencial. Oil 

### cne · o:b.el" ha'CI·c!. =d:i.ti.olls

. 

### of 

### .u Lirtle aa Hve pereant**·•preha~tcci. ~·~**  

### t'irod. pellet ciuat. to coal ash C:Jlll• raisa c:ba ••h**.fl~i.cf '~per:..** **atu~e** as 

### much as 

## us·c·. The effect of prc\\c.:at:ecl 

### #M tired 

### pellet 4uats 011. ash fusion 

### tmpeuoo Cli'C'e• i8 sll.oW!l- 

### _i.u 

### table 2;· D.is 

### efhet 

### i$.**>~er:y** 

### im.poru.nc as the 

### :eb.dve coal .ash t:o irou ore 

### maeer:i.al**in n~o.t**  b 

### t)'pically 

### at rhe**o~t:enth** 

### or· one**per:~eq.c** or loc;re&' ·level. Airbc:)'i<ne pell•c 

### dusc. conc;ant'l:atioc.a a.re es 

### ti.mateil to be at-less-t twenty-five 

### percent**~,l--ch.e** .. 

### coa.l ash 

### ;oaunc. It 

### icl,**tbe~efore,·** · d.oubcful 

### i.£ puZ:.<Il coal. ·ash fusion cl,a1:3 b44t'S 

### .any . . aigni.fic:ance · 

### i.o. terms· of nr, .. t.; '"":- 

### ins bu:Ud.up cende!!._eiu.


### When eoals**~tl'l** I!.J.&I!. 

### CCV terms 

### !lust be lf,4;e<! as Ga.\U:

.. K1.LN Sya teas ·**·f~.~el.S,** 

### it is po·aa ible co 

### u.tilize 

### e. coe.l**c~eaning ~it'clai.~**  t.o**t~pgrade ~hat**  coaL to ;nl**accept~b1e** level.



### DEPOSITION FIATE 

### (Mg/Min) ' 20



### 10 

# Coat Component As Fie<=eived 

## 77121517775:;3 APR. 16 21211211 02:47PM P14

S3-3SS Taji le 3 . a hew 

### a. how laboratory · 

### ub d.epoGi.t_ioc rat<ea c:an be lOYered :,y. utilizing coal cleani..ng ci:eocuics. CCV has 

### been cut: by m.ore. than. half 

### ·aM. uh.

. flloliQ**ce~~~peu.tu.re** 

### inct"eased by 

### abo11t**135~c.** Iha ;hauge. 

### i01**bull~.** uh 

### hsl.oo. te.pen
.. tu.re ·is e.xplaiced 

### .by coa.id.eriail: 

### ·that cod al!he.t contain a variety of .m.inerah, sc111e

. mora easily removed by <:.leaning 

### chan ocher:o. Ihi5 f'llrC:b.er .itldicates that PU'l::·e coal uh. fusiein. ·data cannot 

# ot · r•lied U.pc!Q. 

### to**~edict** 

### coal·**pet"fon~&nce** 

### .in 

### tne**·GlAT!~KIL~** 

### Sys;aa. 'i:hO!!re have been cases where coals wi.s:b. ash**i.t~iti.:l.l** <ieformstion.· temperatures of**nso~c** have lower deposid.on r.s.J:ea than coals

. vit:h graacer**~h.an** 

## ·tG.ao•c .a.-.h in:.r.ial clefor:ia.ation tempera1:\l.l'ts· Ce#l!t vi.;l'l 

### ash f11.1id CeWpl}ratut'ea**~n** ex

### ceu .of 

### 14so•c lla11'c b..aoii follr. l:i.mes 

### the**<lepo~** 

### ition. 

### ·rates of c:oalll vith a:sh fluid. 

### temparacurn less**cha~.l370ac.** 

### · Auxiliary Equio111cuc**·ul:i.lincio~ ~.ad**  

### l)c!li!i" Im2-rovement**.u~-t** 

### -ft¢::. t.-h:e**-p-:!:&.~y tb:u~t..**  ef**i::::.o~.:.-~iQ:l** 

### f ·

ll.to basic · proc;:ese**a~ ~c~an:ic:al**  design**~prove=en~a, a~cRntion**  

### has also been ditecced. toward updating puiph!!-ral equi,pmenc which 

### illlpacta in pl.aut**effidenc~.**



### Cleaned 

## Asti CCV 

### 11.50 1.21 WI. 

### pc:t, 

# s . oo 0

. 54

. Ash.FT. 1346 

### 1482+

. 

### 1150 1100 '1040 

### 985 

### DEF'OSITION TEMPERATURE (°C) 

### Table 3

.**Labo_~r?ry** 

### Deposition Rates For l.ow ' AGh**Fl~o~id** 

### Temperature Coal

### . 

# .. FROM WOIDA PHONE NO. 

## 7705177753 

## APR

.. 16 2001 02:43PM P7

Blen4·iq

· Bigh iutenai,r:y mixi.ns by m,ullen or cylindrical sb&ft**~nd.** plow eype lllixers lu.s. bee-n .shavo. to**~ecl'aa&l3** the**.amoun~** ·of b.inder

..**raq~i~ed** fo-.**p~:.o~er** greet'lball strenst:h development. l)ecre2sed binder ad.dicion 

### rnu te.tld to 

### u.duc• g:teenball ph.sticicy 

### aDd:,. the-refore,**i.'!Lcre~se** pemeabiliey 

### of the**t~avell.~** 

### grate**b~4** 

### .lead1'!1S to· :l.mprovecl £ua 1 and powar .coa.suaptl.Oll rates. Pellet iron con.t:ent.**favo~ably iri.~reases.**  Pellet: a lk.ali and silica le-veb · 

### ue d.ec:nased in plal\t!l**~sing beu~oaite**  bindaT5• ):i.la. Burners

· '!he mgsc siJnificant ·<l,esi.S"

. improve.near;: rda-'- 

### ;ive c" lf;iln bu.rners has 

### bee'!l. tl!.e**re4~ctioa.** in stoLchiometric air**requ~~e4. ~or**  

### combustion in 

### on: &nd gas burners. fr'ete!lt designs

. .,;·eni•a 4 co 6**percen~** c0111buadon air l:'elat:ive · .co 

### 25 ·to 30 pel:'cent i.n previoll•

.. .,p1ic4tions. this ciesigrt i.m-p:-ovel!lenc d.ecreues 

### -bie11c· •i.r- ··iiip<tt:**~.;; ~b~** **~illi** aAd allows &ubl;titud.oti of b.igh ·**:::er.a~erac.ura** •ecoa.dary air**il\t~** the**prQC:a~a.** · lleducti()n ia· 1:-.1 coa.aQIIi-ptiou aucl**i.~~oc~eaaed** · 

### fl•e 

### c emperature, vh 

### i.ch**(I~OIIlOtas** im.pro-te<l h.ii!!&C traa.s• fer:, result frOa. this 

### .-desi.su i.la;!rovement.**i'ee~oleum** coke, viti\ .:1.**n~iual** 11 p<lr:ce:nt vola-**~i.ie** conun.e·,**h~s** 

### beea: sW:cessfully 

### i.unod.ui:ed 

### co**bu~n. ,;..ultaiWci~Jal.t**  vith co.al 

### in aa**~puac:ins** 

### place. Burner suppli.ers eonte'll<i 

### "that $tate of cbe at"t. burners can 1\0W effectively · l.ici.lize lOO

. 

### peJ:"cel\t low 

### volatile $OJi.d. fuels. 

### This d.esian illlprove!llCRt opena up**IOI'lr~et.s** for 

### more cost effi• cient**f~l** :elative to**Eaa~e~n t~pe** **coal~ ~st**  c=manly u.sed ac c:he present: 

### tiM.

Elubbe.r li·aed**~.alU.i:lg** d.ruiiUI u·a .being 

### ,.sed. in at l.east · .even pellet**plaa~** 

### .r,ri.t:h**so-~h.~t** 

### 'lllilted

- ·**te~ults** 

### i11 tar:ms of pe:-foiE'IIl&.cc:e. Thue .vessels operace 

### vi.thout cuu.-e;- 

### ban. Ihe d.'C't.llll iru:erior 

### b ·lincG >lith a .s.eriea of parallel, loi:leitu4i.nal,**~bber** belts which lire 

### snehored co - .:he shell .along th.e. belc 

### e . dlfia.a '7'i"th eeta.l strips. Flexing or "droop".·-of cbe belt during dnn11 roocation 

### purges 

### c.onc:.cucl" ' ll-.:e !rom**o~~.c** cul!ltil-acion Ol\ the. 

### lining.

. B.enefit:s derived 

### froaa a 1:ubber' tined 

### ·drum. ·**circ:.~:~i,ii;** 

### ne lower drum

. 

### por.rer co!ii1DipC:iOl'l, decrea•e6 

### mai!).ten.aa.c:e c:oa 

### r: and


### . lower capital c:ost 

### expenditvra. "the veE'clict 

### oti. bautonic:e**eotts~o~ap** t:ioll ancl graanbaU qt.Lality .ia not yet : defidi.tely eatab liahed. · . · · 

### Efficienc 

### gree11.bd 1 screening, 

## novev4U', is**ao~e.** c!iffiC\ilt 

### in a Nb'ber tiDed

. i!.ru111 circuit due to the lower drulll &peeo;l,.· l.ltlieh .affect• di•'" tr.il:lution of the clru11 4iseh&1:'8e c)ff thEi**·acr~:~ll** octo the screen. 

### Soae operators. 

### report cha' !llOre sc:reea.ing 

### area 'c**pre~erred** . 

### in a rubber 

### lia.ed dJ:Um circuit. -eoapared c:o**~** 

### · convenHo11al. drum c:ircuic, co**maiat~iu· aaxi~wa**  e•pac:ity.
.Pros-ammable**Ce~nC'C'olleu** SoliG IJt.atll 

### programmable ·con.trol technology is**b~J:;~** .-pLoye.d in**peller:.t~ing** .planes .and 

### : ic**ha~** the following**s~vaa.tas••.ov•r** the**~elay** type sys**tC~D:s** 1 B3-35S 1. red.uc.ed cablio.g and assodated labor eosts; 2. simple-z: logic**ona~eou.r::;** 3. bighe;o ope.ut:ing reli.abili:y; 4.**~ower** 

### pove:- coJU-pdon; 

### 5. ftreamlined**tro~bleshooci~** eapability; !i. 

### rupplicadon potential; and

' 7 .•**reliuc~** O'C'ea 'Z'eq_uiremanra. tmproveri process stabilicy, 

### ln · ccnas of 

### a tightsr · J:.Snge of sysC8111. 11.&t":i.&t:ion, cal\ bo acllieve<i vich t'nis. type of iusr::nam.eo.ution vhich eoa·tri'buu:s to improved oveJ;d l fuel conaump-**~ion,** especially at lower plaa.c capacity and. in. 

### periods 

### of process**upse~-**


### !Jt**i.Li.a~ci.ot:t** of 

### variable a peed**f~ns** 

### i.n place· of eocstant 

### apee.d**d.a&~penci** 

### fans resW.ea · 

### in
·**se-~n·al ope~ati~:~g**  a.:ivantqea. The5e.**incl~Jd~;** r-.:!u.ced 

### pO"'er. coi\Suaa!ldon,

.. 

### louer fm. 

### liuer and

. wheel ve•r, 11:'Ver noiee levels, softer st.arr::s



### ltith les•· scre!ia on 

### associated equipment, anli.aaitad motor etart.a, and no ayecem voltage d;rop 

### problems· on 

### mor::or startin!• these eysr::e=a have**~igher.inar::alled.** coat& iu


### ·**eom;~.athot\** to the e.on.s:tattt spead 

### dampered. 

### fan.

•yHc=s. Cecrease in 

### ·plant p"toc:us f.an power**~oll8umptioa.** 

### however. can 

### develop a "ayback in addidonal invested**ea~ir::al** of less than two**yea~:s** in a , eypically 

### sbed pellet: plant •.



### Ne.w Allpl!.cuions One of the moac interesc:ing poc:enc : u.u for tbtl CllATE-r.ILN ·sy!lti!Dl 

### is the. abili·r:y ; ·c·o pro;;luce reduced. pe"i le**~~~** u.sing the oxide grate
. in c:ott

### junC:r:.i.on , vi,r;h a**r~duetion** 

### kiln.**Co'CIV'en.Ci.<n\z~** di.IC'ecc nduc:d.oa.**:f~~oadstocic.** pel

### leu are· pr!)duced 

### by 

### high· cempel:'ature i.ncllii"JS• don,

. ;r.t ;r.bou.r:: lJOO"c, .followed

. 

### by ii cooling ·s 

### c:e.p that ioVer!!l pellet**tE!IIIp~racuies** to near am-· bieftt •. 'nlese pellets are then rehea.ted.in the sUbseituent: rotary .:educ ciot1 kiln at temPeratures. 

### near**~he** 

### JOOo•c level. 

### By**·~::oupling** 

### ·an oltide**~raveli.ne** :race**~retleate:** 

### to .s. d:irect nducti.oa. 

### kiln. thi.a 

### .s.tc:u.ac:ioa c,aiL\ be averted. Also; tb.e oXide 

### peU•ac: kiln and &l'.nuhr cooler are ri!II\Oved ·all lfl4nd4Cor:y ectuipcaellt 0 ruk,ia,g

. this c:.oupl ing**<~e't;l·** attracr:ive ac:onomically • Allis-ChsliiiE!Z'.!I has**parfon~lld** axt;1lna ive rese.s"teh 0111. this**·p~:o~:oesa** c:ouce.pt. Cue 

### of the 1110s c beo.efic:ial r.uults of · this ·re&8iirc:h .was th.at 

### preheated , peller::s 

### survived tra11.sport through raciuc c**i.e~.n** \ti.lft s**~ulation•** 

### .n. th aqtul. or Len**des~adAtion** 

### cnan fully indurated pellets. This 

## "as true for three <li.fferent feed IIICII:et"iab .;a$**s~oqn·in** Table 4. Redaction**ctlancc~ii.sti;$** of**~C"eheaud. :~eUe~:.s**  val."st**fo~&~d** to be v·ar"J :ailllilar to. 

### chOse of fully 

### indurated pellets.·/ ..- · - --, ,

\**~ ~** 


# ·- FROM WOIDR 

### PHONE NO. 

### 7705177753 RPR. 16 2001 02:48PM P15

10

With.

. the advent of imp_roved**burn~r** 

### · duigu hu CCIQ;Ie 

### ctle**oppon~ity** ·to· uae**_f~~,els** pl:'evicusly not 

### !uirable for the GUT!-Xltlf Sysc.-. Ofte**e;c~111ple** is.petroleu:a · eok•**vi~h** 

### · a. 

### fomeily:-probibit.iv.e l-**vol.~eilc** · eoru::-ent of a\tgut·**•l~n** p.erceru:. 

### t'a.eae**f~els,** 

### wri.tl!. ex.trccaei.y lgw ou;h lev.elJ. hold


### • . ia;n..l.ficanc prOCil:i.aa, at leaat as .a. part:ial 

### (epb.c;eme;:it 

### fo.r coal. Suc.ceaaful. ,iu•plaut: 

## tucs have 

### _been compl.eted 

### using 2S 

### aDd.. 30. perce11t pet:roleWII coic.e 4441 

### tl.otl co. tile .coal**a~ill** 

### .ei,:::- 

### Cilic. tt\e limit of**subs~i·cuc:ioa.** 

### wi1l1110st often be:por-ed.ieatsd on c:b.e**s,~o~lphur** level of ·.the particular- P• : tro.laull 

### coke used. _li:c:oaoa.ie jusr!ifi

### caeioa lor petroleum 

### coke 

### utilization · iJ -aig**t~.:i.fi.e;aac.** 

### l)eUver•d fuel 

### eoi.t 'at: 

### tne burner cu. 

### be reQuO:::eQ by. as ;nucb. 

### as ·fort:y perceDt: 

### ·nl.at:f.ve

..

. t·o 

# ·,.a:. E a • tern 

## u.s. coal. A typical ccau,ariaoa · of pecrole111a coke and**~ot:h** 

### Eastern

. .'.sl\4 

### Weste-rn 

## u, s. · cype 

### ·coals

. is presuced, 

### in' tab l.e 

### h · !mpr1W1!d "Pellec" Shane for Blast 

### FU:t'nace ·Burdening**Pellee~** 

### cen4 eo**migra~e** 

### coward**~he** cancer 

### of blast furnace burdlltftS**d~e** 

### to relative. 

### low. angle of 

### repose i:**~Oalpa~ison** 

### to oeher**charg~** Gla.:eri.&Ls, 

### This oan be 

### correct ad. ·**s_~vbu ~Y**  

### 83-3$5 ehu•glng IIM!Iehoda and proeedllres, but poEeoeio:al. for- o1ddi.t.ional'improvement.**e;~;i.st•• OJ;~.e**  met.hod. of**.i:t.~~ea$ing** ·"pellet" · . ansle .of**r_~poae** 

### ·is ·to c.rush 

### Luge pdleta 

### irit.o &l!laller 

### pl.eees as**de~c~ibecl** 

### .. ily l'ag·uchi .et-· al 

### (1SI83). 

## .thJs azethc4 has ·cvo pocenti.al. problems**asaoei.~t** ad 

### vi eh 

### it.

. The· 

### e.uergy required· to**iftd~Jr.t.te**

. large diilllle.Ce'J' pdlet:a &il.ou.ld be ar.e;a.c:e·t' than**fo~** 

### 111ore 

### typii::al. -15 +-6 111111 

### di.araece:l," pellets.

o\bo • the C!:'UIIhe.d pellet: fi.11e11**rcq~i~·** ·**aclditi~** 

### ouai

.. p-rocesaina. perhaplll u**sint~r** feed 

### .or re-**~ycl~d** pel-let feed**~~e!" i.al.**  

### An alternate .method.. 

### of improving "pellet" 

### an3le of 

### repose i• to feed fonud 

### nakes to the 

### .pdliu:**i.~ncioa** process in 

### :iooM.**l~icad** pro;.; por:.i.ott. F.lakes have beet:t. proecs&e<l 

### in phos**pil.ac~t** 

### · GR.AT.!.:..·nLN S)l's 

### tau for 

### 11111.ny**yea~s.** They have 

### .aLso.heett feci dir•ct.ly t.o. kilt:t.s**processi.=~** 

### ocher ·.feed materials 

### sue b. 

### as ·allllllio.a • l;t; is '·U dmated that ·Oill)" 10% Hakes· are req,uirad co :increa&e 

### :lli.xture**a~a:** Le of

. repose to tltat of .sint:er 

### or coke. 

### -No illCt'UU**i~ in<:~ura**  

### tion energy 

### is utictpned for 

### flake· produe·doa.. In .fact, eneq1 .c:onsUQtptioll 111ighc · 

### eve.n deere.ue 

### ai11.ee· flakes cart**~e** 

### formed. wich c:oarser feed t.h.lln s:reefiD<llb. They also have Lover**moiseu~e ·~:ont:ezu:a,**  

### typically in the siz to seven.**pe~c.eftt** area. · A 

### ve-ry slicht iac:reaae in ·pellet: recycle 

### fh.es level**~"** ancicip•ted.

TABl.t 4 

### I 

### I I I Streqt:!i. (q) Scan I 

### Ftn.d I Degradation (pc:c.· •3 mm)l Hecallization 

### lBO 

# m1n. I 4SO 

### mill.

.Percent Fixed Carbon Percent**Volati~es** 

### Pa;cenc .Ash P,_rC::ea.c**~.oisture** Percent Sulpb.ur l!eaci.ag 

### Vab.c J/'kg**Delivar~d Cos~**  

### $/109 J 

### I**Ka!jneti.c~::** 

## I !lemacice 

### u-nice l"rebe.ated Fired 

### I Prehe•ted Find 

### Preheated I J 36 

### 151. 

### I**~I.** 

### 44S 

## I 48 41 59 

### I 68 39 

## I .33 

### 1•4 J.2 I 4.3

. 

### 17.8

. I 0.6 

### 88 92 

### I 

### 94 94 

### I :- 

### ! 79.S

::A.Bt.r; 

### 5 Pei:rci1Bum Coke !asc:er11, Coal Ye.ster11. .Coal 82 • .8 

## u.o

0.2. 

### 6.0 5.0**~3.:3.x** 

### 106

. 1.58 

# so.o 33.0

8.0 

### 9.0 ·1**~o ·**  211.1 " 106

. 2 .• 86 

### 36.0 

### 29.0 

### 9.0 26.0

.



### 1-0 

### •**19·~** lli 

### lOS ·l.27 i'i.red 41 

### 22 

### 0.6 

### 79•8/ I 

## '· FROM



# · . WOIDA 

## PHONE NO. 7705177753 APR. 16 2001 02:44PM 'P8

11 RE:F'E!U:IIC!S
1. :- · raulknet, B.



## _ P._, Losin, 

### t.**1'.~** an4

- Cn;a:r;:e, · 

# a

- . p •• ' l977. II 

### A ' Study 

### of Cod 

### Fi.x·i

_ ng iii

- Che Grate-JCilll Sya tem",

- ·.**I'roct~ed** il!,(s Annual Keeds of ' the Minnesota 

### Section

. Ani!: a':ld

_



### . 38th AntNal :iicins Sy!DOdum,

- J)Ulut.h,

- Jan. 

### 1971. '

- 2..**l+J~~.** 

### D. 

### t., 1982,· "Coal Fhi11g fot

-

· Pellediing-"ilu.cler 'Ia:11ouic:e", 

### Proeeeclins•

. AlU\u&l

. liceting of the 

### Minnesota Section
· AIHE and ' 4Srd · · Annual Mi.ni1115

_ 

### Stmoosium,

Duluth, 

### Jan.

_ 1982. · 

### 3.

-- Johnson,

- A. 

# r.. , · 1982,

- "C<oal · Fhi128 foJ'

_ Pel-,.



### -**l• ~i~~n&-~i'~t~i.ence:l**  01t 

### CCt' s " !ilde&UliJL.e 11 ; 

### · l'roc:e ' edinr , t Anu11al 

### !1eeci.ns of ' 

## che :lfi11nesou**Sa~tiou 6~**  

### and. 43rci Annud**~ifli.nc** 

### SVIIIpo"'**~·** D!Jlucll, J'ari. 1982. 4. Kroll.man,- 

### c. · , l-9a2, "Co ill Yiriag &**G~:a.:.e** 

### Kiln · 

### Sylitea 

## at E'.v

_ elccb. : 'Hiuu'', 

### Proc:.eedinu Annual 

### M•ecing of '**~be ·** **Min=~soca** 

### . Seeeioc Ailm ancf 

### 43rd Annual**Minin~ SY1!1g'o~ium** **,** Duluth; Ja11,. 1982.

- 

## s. Lope:r.:',



## _ a

• .

D•, Ronk.onen, B.. 

## c., and ,Pgtts,

. R., 1982 , "Coa,l 

### Firing at Minntac 1 

## u.s, Sted 11
, ProceecUnss

.**Ann~Jd** 

### Mtleting of the· Minnesota Section: · AIME all!l 43rd Annu.d !tinLnS 

### Syatponum,

. Duluth, Jan.

- 1982.

6 0-

### l';a&uehi~**X~,** tl'euakc; T., I11aba, S,

. • 

### halco, 

### 1\. : ,**~iz11gucbi ·**  

### : · I., · ahd 

### Uuji,**~. ,**  

### 1983', "Development of 

### Cruab.eo 

### li'ell.ec:s i11 Kakogawa



### · wo;-ks", Slii-AIME Annual' Meeting.**Atlan~a,** 

### Georgia, 

### Kneb, · 19$3.


# n
I , 

# I 

# I
J



### Figure 1 - 

### Grate-Kiln System ·

## Pe~pecive Vlf.ith

## ~o**,** Aeeoup

## S~stem and 

### Two·Pa$$ Grate

_ 

### Cycle