UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

JUL 20 2011 

MEMORANDUM 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Dinotefuran (044312) 

FROM: 

Biological 

David Brassard

Analysis 

, Senior 

Branch 

Entomologist ~~ ~ 

THRU: 

TO: 

Jihad Alsadek, Ph.D., Economist ~ ~ Science Information and Analysis Branch 

Michell~ Ranville~ Economist l.f1--W 

Econottnc AnalYSIS Branch 

Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P} 

Arnet Jones, Chief 

Biological Analysis Br 

Diann Sims, Chief Jtl ~'"-1..~~~';< Science Information and Analysis Branch 

Timothy 

Economic 

Kieiy

Analysis , Chief Branch . \J y . ) 1 II\J\. 

•• ~ 

Biological and Econo~c Analysis Division (7503 

Steven Snyderman, Chemical Review Manager 

Risk Management and Implementation, Branch 3 

Pesticide Re-~valuation Division (7508P) 

Product Review Panel date: July 6, 2011 

INTRODUCTION 

The purpose of this document is to convey usage information and a broad overview of the pest 

management roles of pesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The 

anti~ipated audience consists of the team of EPA staff currently evaluating the registration status 

of Dinotefuran, and eventually the general public. This document builds upon the data already 

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provided in the "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to Registration 

Review teams by BEAD. The document is based on information and data available to BEAD as 

of June 29,2011. 

Dinotefuran is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide in the nitroguanidine sub-class. 

Dinotefuran acts on the central nervous system by binding to the postsynaptic nicotinic 

acetylcholine receptor. Dinotefuran is highly water soluble and is readily translocated in plant 

tissue giving it good systemic activity. Dinotefuran was first registered in the U.S. in 2004. 

Dinotefuran has stomach and contact activity and is effective against a wide variety of insects 

including aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leafhoppers, leafminer, sawflies, mole crickets, white grubs, 

lacebugs~ billbugs, beetles, mealybugs, stink bugs, weevils, and cockroaches (U.S. EPA, 2004). 

USE SITES 

Agricultural Use Sites 

Cucutbits, grapes, pineapple, nut trees, fruiting vegetables, brassica vegetables, and leafy 

vegetables. 

Non-Agricultural Use Sites 

Forest trees, Ornamental plants (flowering and foliage plants, woody shrubs, vines, and trees), 

Ornamental lawns and turf, pets and pet premises, animal premises, domestic dwellings, picnic 

areas, transportation vehicles, food handling establishments, hospitals, and commercial/ 

institutional/industrial buildings 

COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS 

Dinotefuran is formulated as granules, emulsifiable concentrate, ready-to use solution and as a 

pressurized liquid. 

USAGE 

Agricultural 

Based on private market pesticide usage data from 2006-2010, the annual total agricultural usage 

averaged approximately 4,000 pounds active ingredient for-30,000 acres for an overall average 

ofO.1lbs. a.i. application rate per acre. In comparison, the average aj. application rate in lbs. 

a.i. per acre is 0.1 for wine grapes, 0.2 for cantaloupes, 0.1 for rice, and 0.2 for both watermelons 

and tomatoes. 

From 2006-2010, the largest markets in terms of total pounds a.i. applied are wine grapes (35%), 

cantaloupes (17%), rice (12%), and watermelons and tomatoes (10% each). The highest total 

area treated (TAT) are wine grapes (41 %), rice (19%), cantaloupes (11 %), watermelons (7%), 

and tomatoes (6%). 

On average, the states with the most agricultural usage in terms of pounds a.i. applied are 

California (43%), Arizona (20%), Texas (18%), and Florida (13%). (proprietary Data, 2006-

2010). 

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Non-Agricultural 

Non-agricultural usage data are not available from our current data sources. 

USE TRENDS 

Figurel provides usage trends, in terms of pounds applied~ for dinotefuran's largest agricultural 

markets. Dinotefuran was first registered in 2004 and no usage showed up until 2006. Although 

there was no use of dinotefuran on cantaloupes in 2007, use increased from 2008 to 2010. The 

use on wine grapes increased from 2006 to 2008 and declined thereafter. There was no use in 

2006 and 2007 on rice and tomatoes and the use increased afterwards. Among the other crops, 

the use on squash increased from 2006 to 2010. 

Figure 1. Dinotefuran Agricultural Usage Data 

20,000 ...------------

• Other Crops 

PoundsA.f. • Watermelons 

• Tomatoes 

• Rice 

o • Grapes, Wine 

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 • Cantaloupes 

Years 

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2010 

"Other crops" with significant usage of dinotefuran includes potatoes and lettuce (4% each), 

squash (3%), and cabbage/cucumbers/pumpkins/broccoli (1% each). 

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO DINOTEFURAN 

In the future, dinotefuran could be important for the control of rice water weevil, Research 

indicates that dinotefuran is nearly as effective as carbofuran at controlling the rice weevil and 

that it has a long treatment window making mistakes in application timing less likely. (Brassard 

and Smearman, 2005) 

HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS ,FOR DINOTEFURAN 

There have been at least 11 Section 18 emergency exemption requests for' Dinotefuran. BEAD 

conducted assessments for of these requests. Table 1 summarizes those requests and BEAD's 

recommendations. 

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Table 1. Section 18 Emergency Exemption Requests for Dinotefuran 

DP Year State Site Pest BEAD recommendation Barcode (common name) 

332830 2006 TX Brassica Whiteflies Non-routine: SEL likely LeafyVeg 

354338 2008 TX Rice Rice Stink Bug Routine; insufficient data for econ analysis 

362186 2008 TX Rice Rice Stink Bug Non-routine; SEL likely * 

374523 2010 TX Rice Rice Stink Bug Non-routine; SEL likely 

388990 VA 

389143 DE 

389435 PA Pomeand brown 

391460 2011 NC stone marmorated Non-routine; SEL likely 

391458 MD fruits stink bug 

391459 NJ 

391461 WV 

Sources: Year, state, site, and pest name from EPA Section 18 Database; BEAD recommendations from 

BEAD Official Records 

* This was a change to an earlier decision (354338) 

Two BEAD assessments have also indicated that Dinotefuran is important to the control of rice 

stink bug in that the insect has developed resistance to pyrethroids. (Cook and Faulkner, 2010; 

Chiri and Faulkner, 2009) 

DATA NEEDS RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON DINOTEFURAN 

Obtaining additional information on the following items would improve future BEAD 

assessments of the importance of Dinotefuran and may be required as part of the registration 

review of this pesticide: 

• Warehouses, commercial/industrial machinery, bathrooms, and garbage areas. 

REFERENCES 

Brassard, D. and Smearm~, S. 2005. BEAD's Review of Documentation Submitted in Support 

of Emergency Exemption for the Use ofCarbofuran on Rice to Control the Rice Water 

Weevil (05LA01; DP#312323). 

Brassard, D. and Lee, A. 2006. BEAD Review of Texas Emergency Exemption Request for 

Dinotefuran to Control Whiteflies on Brassica Leafy Vegetables (06TX38; DP#332830) 

Brassard, D. and Lee, A. 2011. BEAD Review of a Regional Emergency Exemption Request for 

the Use of Dinotefuran to Control Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs on Pome and Stone Fruits 

in 7 Mid-Atlantic States (llVA02; llDE02, llPA01, llNC01, llMD01, llNJ01, llWV02 

(DP # 388990, 389143, 389435, 391460, 391458, 391459, 391461). 

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Chiri, A. and Faulkner, J. 2009. Review of Addendum to Section 18 Request for Dinotefuran to 

Control Rice Stink Bug on Rice (08TXll; DP#362186). 

Cook, C. and Smearman, S. 2008. Review of an Emergency Exemption for Dinotefuran for Use 

to Manage Rice Stink Bug on Rice in Texas (08TXll; DP#354338). 

Cook. C. and Faulkner, J. 2010. Review of Section 18 Request for Dinotefuran to Control Rice 

Stink Bug on Rice (10TX03; DP# 374523). 

Leskey, T.C. 2011. The Challenges Posed by the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, 

Halyomorpha halys (S~), to U.S. Agriculture. InsecfBehavior and Chemical Ecology 

Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, 61 

pp. Available at www.frederick.umd.edulfiles/Stinkbug-BMSBUSDA-EPA2-16.pdf. 

Leskey, T.C. et al. 2010. Appendix 1. BMSB Lethality (Dry Residue, Glass). Unpublished data. 

USDA-ARS, Insect Behavior and Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Appalachian Fruit 

Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430. 

Proprietary Data, 2006-2010 

U.S. EPA. 2004. Dinotefuran Fact Sheet. 

http://www .epa.gov/opprdOO 1 /factsheets/dunotefuran. pdf 

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