8-I-i

APPENDIX 8-I. MONTHLY ENERGY PRICE FACTOR CALCULATIONS FOR 

FURNACES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8-I.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................8-I-1

8-I.2 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS PRICE FACTOR 

CALCULATIONS.........................................................................................................8-I-1

8-I.3 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY PRICE FACTOR 

CALCULATIONS.........................................................................................................8-I-5

8-I.4 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRICE FACTOR 

CALCULATIONS.........................................................................................................8-I-8

8-I.5 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL OIL PRICE FACTOR CALCULATIONS ..................8-I-10

LIST OF TABLES

Table 8-I.2.1 Average Residential Natural Gas Prices for Census Division 1 

(nominal dollars / thousand cubic feet)........................................................8-I-2

Table 8-I.2.2 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for 1990–2008 for Census Division 

1....................................................................................................................8-I-3

Table 8-I.2.3 Monthly Natural Gas Monthly Energy Price Factors..................................8-I-4

Table 8-I.2.4 Monthly Natural Gas Prices for 2009 Using Average Price Factors 

(2009$/MMBtu)...........................................................................................8-I-4

Table 8-I.3.1 Average Residential Electricity Prices for Census Division 1 (nominal 

cents / kWh).................................................................................................8-I-5

Table 8-I.3.2 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990-2008 for Census Division 1 ....8-I-6

Table 8-I.3.3 Monthly Electricity Price Factors................................................................8-I-7

Table 8-I.3.4 Monthly Electricity Prices for 2009 Using Monthly Price Factors 

(2009$/kWh)................................................................................................8-I-7

Table 8-I.4.1 Average LPG Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents / gallon) .................8-I-8

Table 8-I.4.2 Monthly LPG Price Factors for 1995–2009 for the Northeast ....................8-I-9

Table 8-I.4.3 Monthly LPG Energy Price Factors...........................................................8-I-10

Table 8-I.4.4 Monthly LPG Prices for 2008 Using Average Price Factors 

(2009$/MMBtu).........................................................................................8-I-10

Table 8-I.5.1 Average Residential Oil Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents / 

gallon) ........................................................................................................8-I-11

Table 8-I.5.2 Monthly Oil Prices Factors for 1995 – 2009 for Census Division 1 .........8-I-11

Table 8-I.5.3 Monthly Oil Energy Price Factors.............................................................8-I-12

Table 8-I.5.4 Monthly Oil Prices for 2008 Using Average Price Factors 

(2009$/MMBtu).........................................................................................8-I-13

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 8-I.1.1 Monthly Energy Price Factor Calculation Process......................................8-I-1
8-I-ii

Figure 8-I.2.2 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for 1990–2008 for Census Division 

1....................................................................................................................8-I-3

Figure 8-I.3.2 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990–2008 for Census Division 

1....................................................................................................................8-I-6

Figure 8-I.4.2 Monthly LPG Factors for 1995–2009 for the Northeast..............................8-I-9

Figure 8-I.5.2 Monthly Oil Prices Factors for 1995–2009 for Census Division 1 ...........8-I-12
8-I-1

APPENDIX 8-I. MONTHLY ENERGY PRICE FACTOR CALCULATIONS FOR 

FURNACES

8-I.1 INTRODUCTION

For furnaces, the Department of Energy (DOE) developed monthly energy price factors 

and used monthly energy consumption data for the life-cycle cost and payback period 

calculations. DOE developed monthly energy price factors to capture robust seasonal trends in 

monthly energy prices. Figure 8-I.1.1 depicts the monthly energy price factor calculation 

process. 

Figure 8-I.1.1 Monthly Energy Price Factor Calculation Process 

8-I.2 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS PRICE FACTOR 

CALCULATIONS

DOE collected historical natural gas prices from 1990 to 2008 from the Energy 

Information Administration’s (EIA’s) Natural Gas Navigator.1 The Natural Gas Navigator 

includes annual and monthly natural gas prices for residential, commercial, and industrial 

consumers by State. DOE aggregated the data by thirteen geographic regions: the nine U.S.

Census Divisions and four large states: New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West 

North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, Pacific, New 

York, California, Texas, and Florida. 

For each geographic region, DOE determined average natural gas prices from 1990 to 

2008 by weighting the average residential natural gas prices for each State by the number of 

natural gas consumers in each State.

2 Table 8-I.2.1 shows the results for Census Division 1 (CD 

1). 

EIA Energy

Price Data

Average Annual

Energy Price by

Division

EIA

Consumption

& Consumer

Data

Monthly Price

Factors

AEO 2010

Average Price

Factors

New 2008 Base

Year Monthly

Energy Prices

Monthly Energy

Price Projections

for each Division
8-I-2

Table 8-I.2.1 Average Residential Natural Gas Prices for Census Division 1 (nominal 

dollars / thousand cubic feet)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg

1990 7.34 7.89 7.94 8.17 7.33 7.67 8.39 8.75 8.55 7.72 8.27 8.06 8.01

1991 7.95 7.96 8.07 8.40 7.34 8.13 8.75 8.87 8.71 7.56 8.53 8.28 8.21

1992 8.16 8.13 8.08 8.29 7.18 7.96 8.45 8.77 8.52 7.32 8.34 8.20 8.12

1993 8.25 8.20 8.29 8.49 7.72 8.40 8.89 9.24 9.13 8.00 9.17 9.22 8.58

1994 8.83 8.76 9.05 9.43 8.57 9.14 10.23 10.57 10.11 8.84 9.94 9.30 9.40

1995 9.13 9.02 8.89 9.20 7.92 8.76 9.84 10.19 9.75 8.91 9.40 8.76 9.15

1996 8.81 8.97 9.00 9.29 7.09 8.49 9.52 9.92 9.71 8.40 9.56 9.54 9.03

1997 9.44 9.71 9.51 9.63 8.29 8.98 10.29 10.72 10.45 9.03 9.73 9.75 9.63

1998 9.24 9.27 9.37 9.40 9.39 9.74 10.75 11.35 10.98 9.80 9.73 9.78 9.90

1999 11.28 11.32 8.81 8.99 8.45 9.09 9.23 9.59 9.06 9.03 9.47 9.06 9.45

2000 9.22 9.17 9.56 9.92 9.63 10.25 11.84 12.50 12.43 11.33 11.55 11.51 10.74

2001 11.27 12.41 12.97 13.50 13.57 13.87 15.03 15.77 14.71 12.57 11.95 11.22 13.24

2002 10.27 9.89 10.08 10.23 10.03 10.43 12.39 12.77 12.82 10.82 10.43 10.89 10.92

2003 11.00 11.12 12.29 13.52 13.94 13.57 14.84 15.82 15.24 13.25 12.79 12.56 13.33

2004 12.77 13.76 13.91 14.37 14.85 14.87 14.34 15.31 17.39 15.43 14.88 15.01 14.74

2005 14.26 14.10 13.08 14.29 15.10 14.86 16.93 18.01 18.93 19.67 19.45 18.66 16.44

2006 18.81 17.98 16.72 17.01 17.32 17.76 19.43 19.90 19.04 16.61 16.42 16.58 17.80

2007 16.47 15.83 16.67 17.06 17.36 17.63 19.45 19.62 19.05 17.95 16.73 16.49 17.53

2008 16.02 16.14 16.48 17.07 18.61 22.12 21.77 21.89 23.52 18.85 17.52 17.09 18.55

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors for each year by dividing the prices for 

each month by the annual average price for each year. Table 8-I.2.2 and Figure 8-I.2.2 show the 

calculated results for Census Division 1.
8-I-3

Table 8-I.2.2 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for 1990–2008 for Census Division 1

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1990 0.92 0.99 0.99 1.02 0.92 0.96 1.05 1.09 1.07 0.96 1.03 1.01

1991 0.97 0.97 0.98 1.02 0.89 0.99 1.07 1.08 1.06 0.92 1.04 1.01

1992 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.02 0.88 0.98 1.04 1.08 1.05 0.90 1.03 1.01

1993 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.90 0.98 1.04 1.08 1.06 0.93 1.07 1.07

1994 0.94 0.93 0.96 1.00 0.91 0.97 1.09 1.13 1.08 0.94 1.06 0.99

1995 1.00 0.99 0.97 1.01 0.87 0.96 1.08 1.11 1.07 0.97 1.03 0.96

1996 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.03 0.79 0.94 1.06 1.10 1.08 0.93 1.06 1.06

1997 0.98 1.01 0.99 1.00 0.86 0.93 1.07 1.11 1.09 0.94 1.01 1.01

1998 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.98 1.09 1.15 1.11 0.99 0.98 0.99

1999 1.19 1.20 0.93 0.95 0.89 0.96 0.98 1.01 0.96 0.96 1.00 0.96

2000 0.86 0.85 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.95 1.10 1.16 1.16 1.06 1.08 1.07

2001 0.85 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.14 1.19 1.11 0.95 0.90 0.85

2002 0.94 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.92 0.95 1.13 1.17 1.17 0.99 0.96 1.00

2003 0.83 0.83 0.92 1.01 1.05 1.02 1.11 1.19 1.14 0.99 0.96 0.94

2004 0.87 0.93 0.94 0.98 1.01 1.01 0.97 1.04 1.18 1.05 1.01 1.02

2005 0.87 0.86 0.80 0.87 0.92 0.90 1.03 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.18 1.13

2006 1.06 1.01 0.94 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.09 1.12 1.07 0.93 0.92 0.93

2007 0.94 0.90 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.11 1.12 1.09 1.02 0.95 0.94

2008 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.92 1.00 1.19 1.17 1.18 1.27 1.02 0.94 0.92

Avg 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.98 0.93 0.99 1.07 1.12 1.10 0.98 1.01 0.99

Figure 8-I.2.2 Monthly Natural Gas Price Factors for 1990–2008 for Census Division 1

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Natural Gas Price Factors

1990 1991 1992 1993

1994 1995 1997 1998

1999 2000 2001 2002

2003 2004 2005 2006

2007 2008 Avg
8-I-4

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1990 to 2008 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

geographic region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-I.2.3.

Table 8-I.2.3 Monthly Natural Gas Monthly Energy Price Factors

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.98 0.93 0.99 1.07 1.12 1.10 0.98 1.01 0.99

2 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.90 0.99 1.11 1.20 1.21 1.17 1.02 0.92 0.90

3 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.91 1.01 1.15 1.22 1.24 1.16 0.97 0.90 0.88

4 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.86 0.98 1.15 1.24 1.29 1.23 1.05 0.90 0.86

5 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.88 1.02 1.16 1.24 1.25 1.21 1.05 0.88 0.85

6 0.82 0.82 0.84 0.90 1.01 1.13 1.18 1.21 1.17 1.09 0.94 0.88

7 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.88 1.05 1.14 1.21 1.24 1.22 1.15 0.99 0.87

8 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.91 1.01 1.16 1.19 1.25 1.19 1.06 0.94 0.87

9 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.13 1.18 1.14 1.04 0.97 0.95

10 0.86 0.84 0.85 0.88 0.98 1.11 1.18 1.22 1.19 1.06 0.96 0.90

11 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.02 0.98 0.99

12 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.91 1.04 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.22 1.12 0.93 0.83

13 0.81 0.83 0.89 0.94 1.03 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.03 0.91

U.S. 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.91 1.00 1.12 1.18 1.19 1.15 1.03 0.93 0.89

DOE then applied the monthly energy price factors to the annual natural gas data 

presented in chapter 8 to develop monthly energy prices for 2009 (Table 8-I.2.4). 

Table 8-I.2.4 Monthly Natural Gas Prices for 2009 Using Average Price Factors

(2009$/MMBtu)

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 15.46 15.57 15.48 16.01 15.20 16.14 17.58 18.27 18.05 16.07 16.55 16.25

2 13.02 13.11 13.26 13.77 15.06 16.89 18.25 18.43 17.81 15.51 14.08 13.70

3 9.93 9.96 10.02 10.60 11.76 13.44 14.21 14.43 13.51 11.29 10.53 10.27

4 9.55 9.43 9.49 9.99 11.35 13.33 14.44 15.04 14.35 12.17 10.53 9.97

5 13.85 13.96 14.13 15.04 17.55 19.98 21.38 21.50 20.84 18.03 15.16 14.67

6 11.80 11.86 12.03 12.97 14.56 16.29 16.92 17.34 16.87 15.67 13.53 12.72

7 11.05 10.99 11.16 12.12 14.39 15.73 16.59 17.06 16.71 15.87 13.61 11.96

8 9.97 10.14 10.42 10.95 12.07 13.94 14.27 14.94 14.29 12.65 11.31 10.42

9 13.27 13.44 13.55 13.88 14.35 15.06 16.63 17.28 16.71 15.35 14.30 13.94

10 13.12 12.89 12.93 13.45 14.93 16.90 17.99 18.64 18.17 16.14 14.61 13.80

11 9.02 8.93 8.70 8.59 9.04 9.52 9.51 9.29 9.15 9.24 8.87 8.93

12 9.75 9.92 10.08 11.37 12.95 14.40 14.73 15.02 15.10 13.87 11.55 10.36

13 17.03 17.44 18.70 19.75 21.62 22.69 23.29 23.82 23.58 23.37 21.64 19.13

U.S. 11.10 11.12 11.18 11.71 12.92 14.42 15.18 15.39 14.87 13.31 12.02 11.52
8-I-5

8-I.3 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY PRICE FACTOR 

CALCULATIONS

DOE collected historical electricity prices from 1990 to 2008 from EIA’s Form 826.3

These data are published annually and include annual electricity sales, revenues from electricity 

sales, and average price for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors by 

State. DOE aggregated the data by thirteen geographic regions: the nine U.S. Census Divisions 

and four large states: New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, 

South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, Pacific, New York, 

California, Texas, and Florida. 

For each geographic region, DOE determined average electricity prices from 1990 to 

2008 by weighting the average residential electricity prices for each State by the number of 

residential electricity consumers in each State.4 Table 8-I.3.1 shows the results for Census 

Division 1. 

Table 8-I.3.1 Average Residential Electricity Prices for Census Division 1 (nominal 

cents / kWh)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg

1990 9.12 9.68 9.35 9.37 9.56 9.93 9.92 9.91 10.11 10.41 10.11 10.05 9.79

1991 10.15 10.20 9.93 10.00 10.32 10.46 10.56 10.68 10.62 10.78 10.58 10.96 10.44

1992 10.68 10.63 10.45 10.37 10.84 10.79 11.10 11.03 11.07 11.15 11.04 11.40 10.88

1993 10.98 10.93 10.74 11.00 11.31 11.61 11.31 11.41 11.44 11.33 11.20 11.84 11.26

1994 11.07 11.01 10.96 11.17 11.26 11.82 11.59 11.57 11.80 11.79 11.75 11.98 11.48

1995 11.32 11.55 11.33 11.50 11.98 11.77 12.18 11.80 11.96 12.02 11.51 12.28 11.77

1996 11.21 11.68 11.96 11.52 11.64 12.41 12.00 12.23 11.96 11.66 11.44 12.39 11.84

1997 11.82 11.74 12.11 11.54 12.03 12.68 12.12 12.27 12.06 12.35 12.02 12.31 12.09

1998 11.65 11.70 11.66 11.59 11.69 11.73 11.58 11.71 11.30 11.47 11.42 11.55 11.59

1999 10.97 11.39 11.24 11.46 11.41 11.73 11.26 11.27 11.15 11.37 11.25 10.34 11.24

2000 11.29 10.96 10.91 11.37 11.27 11.53 11.43 11.17 11.36 11.35 11.30 11.35 11.27

2001 11.91 11.82 11.90 12.25 12.28 12.27 12.60 12.20 12.47 12.53 12.15 11.77 12.18

2002 11.28 11.05 11.63 11.56 11.25 11.38 11.27 11.07 11.25 11.52 11.31 11.06 11.30

2003 10.81 11.12 11.20 11.20 11.95 12.23 11.94 12.13 12.40 12.13 12.01 11.82 11.75

2004 11.47 11.92 11.85 11.89 12.03 12.07 12.25 12.25 11.98 11.98 11.88 11.76 11.94

2005 12.74 13.20 12.99 13.24 13.35 13.42 13.30 13.45 14.08 13.52 14.11 13.93 13.45

2006 15.53 16.17 15.95 16.10 16.03 15.81 15.50 16.06 16.31 15.90 15.47 16.12 15.91

2007 16.99 16.60 16.88 16.98 16.48 17.01 16.26 16.31 16.61 16.55 16.28 15.98 16.58

2008 16.46 16.43 16.79 16.76 17.90 17.30 17.59 18.13 17.97 18.72 17.88 17.90 17.49

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors by dividing the monthly prices by the 

annual average for each year. Table 8-I.3.2 and Figure 8-I.3.2 show the calculated results for 

Census Division 1. 
8-I-6

Table 8-I.3.2 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990-2008 for Census Division 1

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1990 0.93 0.99 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.03 1.03

1991 0.97 0.98 0.95 0.96 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.05

1992 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.95 1.00 0.99 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.05

1993 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.99 1.05

1994 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.98 1.03 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.04

1995 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.98 1.02 1.00 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.02 0.98 1.04

1996 0.95 0.99 1.01 0.97 0.98 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.01 0.98 0.97 1.05

1997 0.98 0.97 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.02 0.99 1.02

1998 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.01 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00

1999 0.98 1.01 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.92

2000 1.00 0.97 0.97 1.01 1.00 1.02 1.01 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.01

2001 0.98 0.97 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.00 0.97

2002 1.00 0.98 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.00 0.98

2003 0.92 0.95 0.95 0.95 1.02 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.03 1.02 1.01

2004 0.96 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98

2005 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.05 1.01 1.05 1.04

2006 0.98 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.01 0.99 0.97 1.01 1.02 1.00 0.97 1.01

2007 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.02 0.99 1.03 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.96

2008 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.96 1.02 0.99 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.07 1.02 1.02

Avg 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.01

Figure 8-I.3.2 Monthly Electricity Price Factors for 1990–2008 for Census Division 1

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Electricity Price Factors

1990 1991 1992

1993 1994 1995

1996 1997 1998

1999 2000 2001

2002 2003 2004

2005 2006 Average
8-I-7

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1990 to 2008 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

geographic region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-I.3.3.

Table 8-I.3.3 Monthly Electricity Price Factors

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.01

2 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.97 1.00 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.00 0.98 0.96

3 0.91 0.94 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.04 0.98 0.94

4 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.97 1.04 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.06 1.00 0.96 0.92

5 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.94

6 0.93 0.95 0.97 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.02 0.98

7 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.06 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.04 0.99 0.94

8 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.04 0.99 0.97

9 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.02

10 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.01 1.00 0.98

11 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.04 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.01

12 0.90 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.05 0.98 0.95

13 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.00

U.S. 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.02 0.99 0.97

DOE then applied the monthly energy price factors to the annual electricity data 

presented in chapter 8 to develop monthly energy prices for 2009 (Table 8-I.3.4).

Table 8-I.3.4 Monthly Electricity Prices for 2009 Using Monthly Price Factors 

(2009$/kWh)

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 0.169 0.171 0.170 0.171 0.174 0.177 0.175 0.176 0.176 0.177 0.174 0.176

2 0.126 0.126 0.128 0.131 0.136 0.145 0.146 0.146 0.143 0.136 0.132 0.130

3 0.101 0.104 0.106 0.111 0.114 0.117 0.116 0.116 0.116 0.115 0.109 0.104

4 0.082 0.084 0.086 0.089 0.096 0.102 0.102 0.101 0.097 0.092 0.088 0.084

5 0.099 0.101 0.103 0.106 0.111 0.114 0.116 0.116 0.114 0.111 0.106 0.102

6 0.089 0.091 0.093 0.096 0.098 0.098 0.096 0.097 0.096 0.098 0.097 0.093

7 0.078 0.081 0.084 0.086 0.089 0.092 0.091 0.092 0.092 0.090 0.086 0.082

8 0.094 0.096 0.098 0.100 0.104 0.105 0.104 0.104 0.104 0.105 0.100 0.098

9 0.097 0.098 0.098 0.097 0.098 0.098 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.101 0.102 0.101

10 0.168 0.170 0.171 0.173 0.177 0.184 0.186 0.187 0.186 0.180 0.177 0.174

11 0.148 0.146 0.146 0.146 0.150 0.153 0.157 0.156 0.150 0.144 0.150 0.152

12 0.114 0.116 0.121 0.124 0.130 0.134 0.135 0.134 0.134 0.133 0.124 0.121

13 0.122 0.123 0.124 0.125 0.123 0.121 0.122 0.123 0.123 0.124 0.125 0.124

U.S. 0.113 0.115 0.116 0.119 0.122 0.126 0.126 0.126 0.125 0.122 0.119 0.117
8-I-8

8-I.4 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRICE FACTOR 

CALCULATIONS

DOE collected historical liquid petroleum gas (LPG) prices from 1995 to 2009 from 

EIA’s Short-Term Energy Outlook.

5 The Short-Term Energy Outlook includes monthly LPG 

prices by Census Region (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West). Table 8-I.4.1 shows the 

Northeast residential LPG prices from 1995 to 2009. 

Table 8-I.4.1 Average LPG Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents / gallon)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg

1995 119 118 120 121 124 126 126 125 122 121 118 117 121

1996 123 125 128 125 130 131 129 127 127 133 135 145 130

1997 143 137 131 131 130 130 130 127 126 127 123 122 130

1998 121 120 120 123 124 124 122 121 119 118 115 114 120

1999 112 113 114 118 122 124 126 129 127 129 128 128 122

2000 132 148 148 145 148 151 155 154 157 159 156 160 151

2001 176 170 162 160 162 160 156 152 150 150 144 139 157

2002 139 138 139 143 142 144 143 141 141 142 142 142 141

2003 150 166 182 164 161 161 159 156 155 155 155 158 160

2004 169 173 171 168 170 173 173 176 181 187 193 187 177

2005 186 186 190 197 199 200 202 205 217 224 220 217 204

2006 221 220 220 225 231 237 242 244 240 232 229 228 231

2007 227 229 235 239 247 252 253 252 254 260 274 275 250

2008 282 280 284 292 306 320 333 329 324 305 280 267 300

2009 268 267 267 263 258 255 255 251 249 250 252 255 257

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors for each year by dividing the prices for 

each month by the average price for each year. Table 8-I.4.2 and Figure 8-I.4.2 show the 

calculated results for the Northeast.
8-I-9

Table 8-I.4.2 Monthly LPG Price Factors for 1995–2009 for the Northeast

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1995 0.98 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.96

1996 0.94 0.97 0.99 0.96 1.00 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.98 1.02 1.04 1.12

1997 1.10 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.95 0.94

1998 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.95

1999 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.04

2000 0.87 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.06

2001 1.12 1.08 1.03 1.02 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.92 0.89

2002 0.98 0.97 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.00

2003 0.94 1.04 1.13 1.03 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.99

2004 0.95 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.09 1.06

2005 0.91 0.91 0.93 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.01 1.07 1.10 1.08 1.07

2006 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.04 1.01 0.99 0.99

2007 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.10 1.10

2008 0.94 0.93 0.95 0.97 1.02 1.06 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.02 0.93 0.89

2009 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.99

Avg 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00

Figure 8-I.4.2 Monthly LPG Factors for 1995–2009 for the Northeast

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1995 to 2009 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

Census Region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-I.4.3.

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Avg
8-I-10

Table 8-I.4.3 Monthly LPG Energy Price Factors

Regions Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Northeast 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00

South 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.06

Midwest 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.03 1.07

West 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.96 0.92 0.91 0.95 1.01 1.04 1.08

U.S. 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.95 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.05

DOE then applied the regional monthly energy price factors to the annual LPG data 

presented in chapter 8 to develop monthly energy prices for 2008 (Table 8-I.4.4). Each Census 

Division and Large State was matched with the appropriate Census Region. 

Table 8-I.4.4 Monthly LPG Prices for 2008 Using Average Price Factors 

(2009$/MMBtu)

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 33.01 33.34 33.52 33.54 34.06 34.40 34.51 34.30 34.27 34.42 34.08 34.05

2 33.23 33.57 33.75 33.77 34.29 34.63 34.75 34.53 34.50 34.66 34.31 34.29

3 28.07 28.06 27.72 27.29 26.95 26.00 25.23 25.15 25.74 26.50 27.71 28.93

4 25.04 25.03 24.73 24.34 24.04 23.20 22.51 22.44 22.96 23.64 24.72 25.81

5 33.00 33.10 32.60 31.97 31.47 30.87 30.17 29.60 30.34 31.59 32.58 33.63

6 32.08 32.18 31.70 31.09 30.59 30.02 29.33 28.78 29.50 30.72 31.67 32.70

7 28.88 28.97 28.53 27.98 27.54 27.02 26.40 25.90 26.55 27.65 28.51 29.43

8 30.24 30.30 29.78 29.10 28.40 27.59 26.59 26.26 27.30 28.93 29.86 31.02

9 33.03 33.09 32.52 31.78 31.02 30.13 29.05 28.68 29.81 31.60 32.61 33.88

10 32.33 32.66 32.83 32.85 33.36 33.69 33.80 33.59 33.56 33.72 33.38 33.35

11 35.49 35.56 34.95 34.15 33.33 32.38 31.21 30.82 32.03 33.95 35.04 36.41

12 32.01 32.11 31.63 31.01 30.52 29.95 29.26 28.71 29.43 30.65 31.60 32.63

13 40.25 40.37 39.77 39.00 38.38 37.66 36.80 36.10 37.00 38.54 39.73 41.02

U.S. 29.93 30.11 29.92 29.71 29.74 29.13 27.83 27.19 28.02 28.92 29.85 30.76

8-I.5 MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL OIL PRICE FACTOR CALCULATIONS

DOE collected historical oil prices from 1995 to 2009 from EIA’s Short-Term Energy 

Outlook.

5 The Short-Term Energy Outlook includes monthly oil prices by Census Region 

(Northeast, South, Midwest, and West). Table 8-I.5.1 shows the Northeast residential oil prices 

from 1995 to 2009. 
8-I-11

Table 8-I.5.1 Average Residential Oil Prices for the Northeast (nominal cents / gallon) 

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg

1995 91.9 92.6 91.7 90.2 91.7 90.2 87.2 86 87.2 88.9 91.2 96.8 90.5

1996 101.1 102.6 106.1 108.3 103.8 96.6 92.5 92.4 99.4 109 111.6 114.1 103

1997 114.4 111.6 107.5 105.4 102.6 98.4 93.6 91.2 93.3 97.8 99.5 99.6 101

1998 98.3 97.6 95.3 93.2 90.7 86.5 82.3 79.6 81.1 83.2 84.6 83.6 88

1999 85.4 84.7 85.4 87.2 86.4 85.1 85 86 93.6 99.5 105 109.8 91.1

2000 135 154 130.5 123.7 124 124 122.2 125.6 139.3 144.2 147.8 149.3 135

2001 146 141.4 136.9 134.7 131.9 127 121 121.2 123.7 121.4 118.4 115.9 128

2002 117.7 116.2 118.2 119.9 118.4 116 112.5 111.9 117.1 121.2 124.8 130.9 119

2003 140.9 159.8 163.4 143.6 137.3 132 125.5 125.9 128.4 132 136.7 142.4 139

2004 150.8 153 150.1 149.2 151 151 152.1 159.1 168.7 189.6 192.3 189.5 163

2005 191 194.4 203.8 206.4 202 211 216.8 229.6 252.3 251.8 242.9 243.7 220

2006 246.2 243.5 247.3 255 259.7 260 259.2 262.7 252.2 244.6 247.4 251.3 252

2007 245 254.2 258.2 261 261.6 263 269.6 263.4 273.7 288 318 325.3 273

2008 330.2 333.7 363.6 378.9 409.7 442 454.5 407.7 384.9 334.2 296.3 262.6 367

2009 259.4 246.9 237 236.6 231.8 246 240.7 253 248 259.7 272.1 276.4 251

DOE then calculated monthly energy price factors by dividing the monthly prices by the 

average price for each year. Table 8-I.5.2 and Figure 8-I.5.2 show the calculated results for the 

Northeast.

Table 8-I.5.2 Monthly Oil Prices Factors for 1995 – 2009 for Census Division 1

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1995 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.07

1996 0.98 0.99 1.03 1.05 1.01 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.96 1.06 1.08 1.11

1997 1.13 1.10 1.06 1.04 1.01 0.97 0.92 0.90 0.92 0.97 0.98 0.98

1998 1.12 1.11 1.08 1.06 1.03 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.92 0.95 0.96 0.95

1999 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.94 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.21

2000 1.00 1.14 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.93 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.11

2001 1.14 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.03 0.99 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.90

2002 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.94 0.99 1.02 1.05 1.10

2003 1.01 1.15 1.18 1.03 0.99 0.95 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.02

2004 0.93 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.98 1.04 1.16 1.18 1.16

2005 0.87 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.92 0.95 0.98 1.04 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.11

2006 0.98 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.00 0.97 0.98 1.00

2007 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.99 0.96 1.00 1.05 1.16 1.19

2008 0.90 0.91 0.99 1.03 1.12 1.21 1.24 1.11 1.05 0.91 0.81 0.72

2009 1.04 0.99 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.01 0.99 1.04 1.09 1.10

Avg 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.05
8-I-12

Figure 8-I.5.2 Monthly Oil Prices Factors for 1995–2009 for Census Division 1

DOE then averaged the monthly energy price factors for 1995 to 2009 to develop an 

average energy price factor for each month. DOE performed the same calculations for each 

Census Region to develop the average monthly energy price factors shown in Table 8-I.5.3.

Table 8-I.5.3 Monthly Oil Energy Price Factors

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Northeast 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.05

South 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.96 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.06

Midwest 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.04

West 0.93 0.95 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.02

U.S. 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05

DOE then applied the regional monthly energy price factors to the annual oil data 

presented in chapter 8 to develop monthly energy prices for 2008 (Table 8-I.5.4). Each Census 

Division and Large State was matched with the appropriate Census Region. 

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Avg
8-I-13

Table 8-I.5.4 Monthly Oil Prices for 2008 Using Average Price Factors (2009$/MMBtu)

CD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 24.05 24.40 24.23 24.02 23.87 23.71 23.34 23.31 24.05 24.66 25.07 25.34

2 24.65 25.01 24.84 24.63 24.48 24.31 23.93 23.89 24.65 25.28 25.70 25.98

3 22.50 22.76 23.07 23.21 23.18 23.12 22.97 23.48 24.32 24.84 24.80 24.41

4 22.43 22.69 23.00 23.14 23.11 23.05 22.90 23.41 24.24 24.76 24.73 24.34

5 24.24 24.50 24.39 24.07 23.33 23.03 23.05 23.28 24.13 24.78 25.23 25.50

6 23.99 24.26 24.15 23.83 23.10 22.80 22.82 23.05 23.89 24.53 24.98 25.24

7 24.19 24.46 24.35 24.03 23.29 22.99 23.01 23.24 24.09 24.74 25.19 25.45

8 22.29 22.67 23.68 24.09 24.05 23.97 23.60 23.64 24.44 24.84 24.82 24.25

9 23.16 23.56 24.60 25.04 24.99 24.90 24.52 24.56 25.40 25.81 25.79 25.20

10 24.48 24.84 24.67 24.46 24.30 24.14 23.76 23.73 24.48 25.10 25.52 25.79

11 23.93 24.34 25.42 25.87 25.83 25.73 25.34 25.38 26.24 26.67 26.65 26.04

12 24.71 24.99 24.87 24.54 23.79 23.48 23.51 23.74 24.61 25.27 25.73 26.00

13 24.35 24.62 24.51 24.18 23.44 23.14 23.16 23.39 24.25 24.90 25.35 25.62

U.S. 24.08 24.42 24.32 24.15 23.95 23.74 23.41 23.45 24.24 24.85 25.23 25.43
8-I-14

REFERENCES

1. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas 

Navigator. 2009. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm

2. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas 

Navigator. 2007. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm

3. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-826 

Database Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenue Data, 2009.

<http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/page/eia826.html>

4. Energy Information Administration, Table 5. U.S. Average Monthly Bill by Sector, 

Census Division, and State 2007.

2009<http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/esr/table5.html>

5. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Short-Term Energy 

Outlook. 2009. http://eia.doe.gov/steo