### **CHAPTER 1—SUBJECT MATTER AND SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT**

Sec.
101.
Definitions.
102.
Subject matter of copyright: In general.
103.
Subject matter of copyright: Compilations and derivative works.
104.
Subject matter of copyright: National origin.
104A.
Copyright in restored works.
105.
Subject matter of copyright: United States Government works.
106.
Exclusive rights in copyrighted works.
106A.
Rights of certain authors to attribution and integrity.
107.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use.
108.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction by libraries and archives.
109.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Effect of transfer of particular copy or phonorecord.
110.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Exemption of certain performances and displays.
111.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of broadcast programming by cable.
112.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Ephemeral recordings.
113.
Scope of exclusive rights in pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works.
114.
Scope of exclusive rights in sound recordings.
115.
Scope of exclusive rights in nondramatic musical works: Compulsory license for making and distributing phonorecords.
116.
Negotiated licenses for public performances by means of coin-operated phonorecord players.
[116A.
Renumbered.]
117.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs.
118.
Scope of exclusive rights: Use of certain works in connection with noncommercial broadcasting.
119.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of distant television programming by satellite.
120.
Scope of exclusive rights in architectural works.
121.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction for blind or other people with disabilities.
121A.
Limitations on exclusive rights: reproduction for blind or other people with disabilities in Marrakesh Treaty countries.
122.
Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of local television programming by satellite.

#### **Editorial Notes**

#### Amendments

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–261, §2(b), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3669, added item 121A.

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–175, title I, §§102(a)(2), 103(a)(2), 104(a)(2), May 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 1219, 1227, 1231, added items 111, 119, and 122 and struck out former items 111 "Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions", 119 "Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of superstations and network stations for private home viewing", and 122 "Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions by satellite carriers within local markets".

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, §13210(2)(B), (3)(B), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1909, substituted "Reproduction" for "reproduction" in item 121 and "Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions by satellite carriers within local markets" for "Limitations on exclusive rights; secondary transmissions by satellite carriers within local market" in item 122.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(9) [title I, §1002(c)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–527, added item 122.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–80, §12(a)(2), Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1534, substituted "Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs" for "Scope of exclusive rights: Use in conjunction with computers and similar information systems" in item 117.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–197, title III, §316(b), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2417, added item 121.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–465, title V, §514(c), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4981, substituted "Copyright in restored works" for "Copyright in certain motion pictures" in item 104A.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–198, §3(a), (b)(2), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2309, renumbered item 116A as 116 and struck out former item 116 "Scope of exclusive rights in nondramatic musical works: Compulsory licenses for public performances by means of coin-operated phonorecord players."

Pub. L. 103–182, title III, §334(b), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2115, added item 104A.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–650, title VI, §603(b), title VII, §704(b)(1), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5130, 5134, added items 106A and 120.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–667, title II, §202(6), Nov. 16, 1988, 102 Stat. 3958, added item 119.

Pub. L. 100–568, §4(b)(2), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2857, substituted "Compulsory licenses for public performances" for "Public performances" in item 116 and added item 116A.