IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 15-1132

Filed October 14, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF R.B.,

Minor Child,

R.T., Father,

Appellant,

E.C., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, David F. 

Staudt, Judge.

The mother and father appeal the termination of their parental rights to 

their child, R.B. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

Michael Lanigan, Waterloo, for appellant father.

Michelle Jungers of Iowa Legal Aid, Waterloo, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant 

Attorney General, Linda Fangman, County Attorney, and Steven Halbach, 

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.

Melissa Anderson Seeber of the Waterloo Public Defender, Waterloo, 

attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Tabor, JJ.
2

VOGEL, Judge.

The mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental 

rights to their child, R.B. The mother asserts she should be granted an additional 

six months to work towards reunification, and the district court improperly 

concluded termination is in the child’s best interests due to the parent-child bond. 

The father asserts the State failed to show he could not adequately care for R.B. 

We conclude the mother should not be granted more time because she has 

failed to engage in the offered services to correct the issues that led to the 

termination proceedings. Moreover, due to the father’s unresolved substance 

abuse issues and domestic violence, the State established R.B. cannot be 

returned to his care. Given the father’s issues and well as the mother’s 

substance abuse and mental health problems, it is also in R.B.’s best interests 

their rights are terminated. Consequently, we affirm the order of the district court.

R.B., born December 2013, has been out of both parents’ care since May 

2014. He was removed due to allegations of substance abuse in the home, with 

the mother having reported using methamphetamine and marijuana while caring 

for him.

1

 He was placed in foster care, where he remained at the time of the 

termination hearing. R.B. was adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA) 

on June 4, 2014. The parents were allowed supervised visitation with R.B. 

several times each week; however, many of the visits were cancelled because 

neither parent attended, they arrived late, or they could not stop arguing during 

the visit.

 

1 Prior to R.B.’s removal, a registered sex-offender was living at the residence. Both 

parents admitted to knowing the man’s history and to allowing him access to R.B.
3

The mother suffers from attention deficit disorder, anxiety, and depression, 

for which she is prescribed medication. However, she only sporadically attends 

counseling services, and her compliance with her prescribed medication regimen 

is questionable. She has also abused methamphetamine. With regard to 

treatment, the district court noted:

[The mother] has repeatedly been offered opportunities to complete 

substance abuse evaluations and substance abuse treatment by 

way of extended outpatient treatment. Her efforts have been 

inconsistent and noncompliant. She has not participated as 

recommended in substance abuse treatment. She has repeatedly 

missed appointments and meetings. [The mother] has repeatedly 

failed to appear for her random drug testing. [The mother] 

appeared for some drug testing which resulted in positive results for 

methamphetamine.

The father suffers from substance abuse issues as well. On March 6, 

2015, he reported that if he were to be drug tested, he would likely test positive 

for methamphetamine. He never consistently attended treatment, nor did he 

avail himself of the individual counseling sessions offered to him. Additionally, he 

has an extensive criminal history, and as of the termination hearing, he was on 

probation for operating while intoxicated (OWI), second offense, and willful 

injury.

2

The father has also been accused of physically abusing the mother, 

though both parents repeatedly denied domestic abuse occurred.3In the 

beginning of September 2014, the mother was hospitalized. The DHS worker 

 

2 The department of human services (DHS) report noted the father “has been arrested 

approximately ten times for various different reasons which include domestic assault, 

two OWIs, willful injury, possession of marijuana, and public intoxication. He is currently 

on probation for the willful-injury-causing-bodily-injury and OWI/aggravated 

misdemeanor/second offense.”

3 The therapist testified that, in the third session of couples counseling, “they were able 

to acknowledge that conflicts had escalated to the point where there was physical 

violence between the two of them.”
4

called the mother’s physician, who told her the mother had been struck so hard 

her small intestine had exploded, which required surgery, and she had significant 

bruising around her neck, bite marks on her arm, and also reported being raped. 

She told the nurses her boyfriend inflicted the injuries but later denied the claim. 

The mother obtained a restraining order against the father, but they later 

resumed their romantic relationship, and the restraining order was lifted on 

October 16, 2014, granting a motion filed by the mother. They were offered 

couples counseling and only “inconsistently” attended.

The following services were offered to the family during the pendency of 

these proceedings: family safety, risk, and permanency services; parent skill 

development; supervised visitation; substance abuse evaluation and treatment; 

random drug testing; mental health evaluations; individual and family counseling; 

and community resources.

On January 9, 2015, the State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s 

and father’s parental rights. A contested termination hearing was held on 

January 29, 2015, after which the district court granted the parents additional 

time to work towards reunification, setting the next hearing for May 27. However, 

due to the decline in the parents’ progress, the termination hearing was 

reconvened on April 22 and 23, 2015, which the parents attended but did not 

present evidence or testimony. In an order filed June 18, 2015, the district court 

terminated both the mother’s and father’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code 

section 232.116(1)(e) and (h) (2015). The parents appeal.
5

We review termination proceedings de novo. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 

64 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999). The grounds for termination must be proved by clear 

and convincing evidence. Id. Our primary concern is the child’s best interest. Id. 

The record supports the district court’s denial of the mother’s request that 

she be granted additional time to work towards reunification. She has been 

offered extensive services, as well as a previous time-extension following the 

January termination hearing. She has failed to engage in services or make any 

notable progress in resolving her substance abuse, mental health, or relationship 

issues, all of which pose a danger to R.B. “We have repeatedly followed the 

principle that the statutory time line must be followed and children should not be 

forced to wait for their parent to grow up.” In re N.F., 579 N.W.2d 338, 341 (Iowa 

Ct. App. 1998); see also Iowa Code § 232.116(2). Therefore, we conclude the 

mother should not be granted additional time.

Moreover, we do not agree the parent-child bond precludes termination. 

As the district court noted: “As long as both parties continue to ignore their 

substance abuse problems, mental health concerns, and relationship issues, the 

minor child would not be able to thrive in their presence.” The mother has failed 

to resolve any issues that led to the CINA adjudication, despite being given 

ample time and opportunity to do so. See In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 

2006) (noting a parent’s past behavior is indicative of her future actions). Given 

these problems that render her unable to care for R.B., termination of her 

parental rights is in the child’s best interests, despite the existence of the parentchild bond.
6

Furthermore, the State proved R.B. cannot be returned to the father’s 

care.4 He has failed to attend substance abuse treatment, he continues to abuse 

methamphetamine, and he has not ceased criminal activity. He also continues to 

deny any domestic abuse occurred and does not appear to comprehend the 

danger that violence poses to R.B. See In re H.R.K., 433 N.W.2d 46, 50 (Iowa 

1988) (noting it is important for the parent to recognize abuse has occurred 

before genuine progress can be made). The record is clear the father has not 

made an effort to resolve the problems that led to R.B.’s removal and, more 

importantly, R.B. cannot be returned to the father’s care. Consequently, the 

State proved his rights should be terminated pursuant to paragraph (h).

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the termination of the mother’s and 

father’s parental rights to R.B.

AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

 

4 To terminate parental rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h), the State must 

prove the child is three years of age or younger, has been adjudicated CINA, has been

removed from the physical custody of the parent for at least six months of the last twelve 

months, and there is clear and convincing evidence the child cannot be returned to the 

parent’s custody.