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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

This Public Health Statement is the summary 

chapter from the Toxicological Profile for 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene. It is one in a series of Public Health 

Statements about hazardous substances and their 

health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQsTM, 

is also available. This information is important 

because this substance may harm you. The effects 

of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on 

the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, 

personal traits and habits, and whether other 

chemicals are present. For more information, call 

the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. 

This public health statement tells you about 

naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene and the effects of exposure to these 

chemicals. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in 

the nation. These sites are then placed on the 

National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for 

long-term federal clean-up activities. Naphthalene, 

1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene 

have been found in at least 654, 36, and 412, 

respectively, of the 1,662 current or former NPL 

sites. Although the total number of NPL sites 

evaluated for these substances is not known, the 

possibility exists that the number of sites at which 

naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene are found may increase in the future as 

more sites are evaluated. This information is 

important because these sites may be sources of 

exposure and exposure to these substances may 

harm you. 

When a substance is released either from a large 

area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, 

such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. 

Such a release does not always lead to exposure. 

You can be exposed to a substance only when you 

come in contact with it. You may be exposed by 

breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by 

skin contact. 

If you are exposed to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene, many factors 

will determine whether you will be harmed. These 

factors include the dose (how much), the duration 

(how long), and how you come in contact with 

them. You must also consider any other chemicals 

you are exposed to and your age, sex, diet, family 

traits, lifestyle, and state of health. 

1.1 WHAT ARE NAPHTHALENE, 

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE? 

Naphthalene is a white solid that evaporates easily. 

It is also called mothballs, moth flakes, white tar, 

and tar camphor. When mixed with air, 

naphthalene vapors easily burn. Fossil fuels, such 

as petroleum and coal, naturally contain 

naphthalene. Burning tobacco or wood produces 

naphthalene. The major commercial use of 

naphthalene is to make other chemicals used in 

making polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. The 

major consumer products made from naphthalene 

are moth repellents, in the form of mothballs or 

crystals, and toilet deodorant blocks. It is also used 

for making dyes, resins, leather tanning agents, and 

the insecticide carbaryl. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

Naphthalene has a strong but not unpleasant smell. 

Its taste is unknown, but it must not be unpleasant 

since children have eaten mothballs and deodorant 

blocks. You can smell naphthalene in the air at a 

concentration of 84 parts naphthalene per one 

billion parts (ppb) of air. You can smell it in water 

when 21 ppb are present. 

1-Methylnaphthalene is a naphthalene-related 

compound that is also called alpha methylnaphthalene. It is a clear liquid. Its taste and odor 

have not been described, but you can smell it in 

water when only 7.5 ppb are present. 

Another naphthalene-related compound, 2-methylnaphthalene, is also called beta methylnaphthalene. 

It is a solid like naphthalene. The taste and odor of 

2-methylnaphthalene have not been described. Its 

presence can be detected at a concentration of 

10 ppb in air and 10 ppb in water. 

1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are 

used to make other chemicals such as dyes, and 

resins. 2-Methylnaphthalene is also used to make 

vitamin K. All three chemicals are present in 

cigarette smoke, wood smoke, tar, asphalt, and at 

some hazardous waste sites. 

1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO NAPHTHALENE, 

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE WHEN 

THEY ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT? 

Naphthalene enters the environment from industrial 

uses, from its use as a moth repellent, from the 

burning of wood or tobacco, and from accidental 

spills. Naphthalene at hazardous waste sites and 

landfills can dissolve in water and be present in 

drinking water. Naphthalene can become weakly 

attached to soil or pass through the soil particles 

into underground water. 

Most of the naphthalene entering the environment is 

from the burning of woods and fossil fuels in the 

home. The second greatest release of naphthalene 

is through the use of moth repellents. Only about 

10% of the naphthalene entering the environment is 

from coal production and distillation. Less than 1% 

of the naphthalene released to the atmosphere can 

be attributed to the losses from naphthalene 

production. Cigarette smoking also releases small 

amounts of naphthalene into the air. 

Naphthalene evaporates easily. That is why you 

can smell mothballs. In the air, moisture and 

sunlight make it break down, often within 1 day. 

Naphthalene can change to 1-naphthol or 

2-naphthol. These chemicals have some of the 

toxic properties of naphthalene. Some naphthalene 

will dissolve in water in rivers, lakes, or wells. 

Naphthalene in water is destroyed by bacteria or 

evaporates into the air. Most naphthalene will be 

gone from water in rivers or lakes within 2 weeks. 

Naphthalene binds weakly to soils and sediments. 

It easily passes through sandy soils to reach 

underground water. In soil, some microorganisms 

break down naphthalene. When near the surface of 

the soil, naphthalene will evaporate into air. 

Microorganisms present in the soil will break down 

most of the naphthalene in 1–3 months. 

Naphthalene does not accumulate in the flesh of 

animals and fish that you might eat. If dairy cows 

are exposed to naphthalene, some naphthalene will 

be in their milk; if laying hens are exposed, some 

naphthalene will be in their eggs. Naphthalene and 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

the methylnaphthalenes have been found in very 

small amounts in some samples of fish and shellfish 

from polluted waters. 

Scientists know very little about what happens to 

1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in 

the environment. These compounds are similar to 

naphthalene and should act like it in air, water, or 

soil. 

1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO 

NAPHTHALENE, 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE? 

You are most likely to be exposed to naphthalene, 

1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene from 

the air. Outdoor air contains low amounts of these 

chemicals. Burning of wood or fossil fuels and 

industrial discharges adds these chemicals to the 

environment. Automobile exhaust contributes 

naphthalene among other chemicals to air pollution 

in the cities. Typical air concentrations for 

naphthalene are low, 0.2 ppb or less. Studies of 

outdoor air reported concentrations of 0.09 ppb 

1-methylnaphthalene and 0.011 ppb 2-methylnaphthalene. In homes or businesses where 

cigarettes are smoked, wood is burned, or moth 

repellents are used, the levels of naphthalene, 

1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene in 

the air are higher. Studies of indoor air typically 

report that average indoor air concentrations of 

these contaminants are less than 1 ppb. 

You are not likely to be exposed to naphthalene, 

1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene by 

eating foods or drinking beverages. These materials 

are unlikely to come in contact with naphthalene or 

methylnaphthalenes during production or 

processing. Naphthalene and the 

methylnaphthalenes are also unlikely to be present 

in tap water. 

If you live near a hazardous waste site and have a 

well used for drinking water, you might be exposed 

to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene. For this to happen, the chemicals must 

pass through the soil and dissolve in the 

underground water that supplies your well. 

Children might also contact these chemicals by 

playing in or eating the dirt near a waste site. 

Work using or making moth repellents, coal tar 

products, dyes, or inks could expose you to 

naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene in the air. Working in the woodpreserving, leather tanning, or asphalt industries 

could expose you to naphthalene. 

Using moth repellents containing naphthalene in 

your home will expose you to naphthalene vapors. 

Your skin can come in contact with naphthalene via 

the use of naphthalene-treated clothing, blankets, or 

coverlets. You can breathe in the naphthalene 

vapors that are present in clothes and linen stored 

with moth-balls. Smoke from cigarettes can also 

expose you to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 

2-methylnaphthalene. The highest airborne 

naphthalene concentrations in indoor air occur in 

the homes of cigarette smokers. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

1.4 HOW CAN NAPHTHALENE, 

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE ENTER 

AND LEAVE MY BODY? 

Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene can enter your body if you breathe air 

that contains these chemicals, if you smoke, if you 

eat mothballs, if you drink water that contains these 

chemicals, or if they touch your skin. These 

chemicals are most likely to enter your body 

through the air you breathe into your lungs. 

Naphthalene can also enter your body through your 

skin when you handle mothballs, particularly if you 

have used an oil-based skin lotion. You can also 

breathe in naphthalene vapors from clothes that 

have been stored in mothballs. 

Once naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 

2-methylnaphthalene enter your body, small 

amounts will dissolve in your blood. Your blood 

carries them to your liver and other organs. These 

organs change them so that they pass through your 

body, mainly into your urine. Some naphthalene, 

1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene, and 

their breakdown products can be present in your 

stool. Naphthalene also has been found in some 

samples of fatty tissue and breast milk taken from 

the general U.S. population, but the concentrations 

of naphthalene were low. Most naphthalene, 

1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene that 

enters your body is expected to leave quickly within 

1–3 days. 

1.5 HOW CAN NAPHTHALENE, 

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE AFFECT MY 

HEALTH? 

Scientists use many tests to protect the public from 

harmful effects of toxic chemicals and to find ways 

for treating persons who have been harmed. 

One way to learn whether a chemical will harm 

people is to determine how the body absorbs, uses, 

and releases the chemical. For some chemicals, 

animal testing may be necessary. Animal testing 

may also help identify health effects such as cancer 

or birth defects. Without laboratory animals, 

scientists would lose a basic method for getting 

information needed to make wise decisions that 

protect public health. Scientists have the 

responsibility to treat research animals with care 

and compassion. Scientists must comply with strict 

animal care guidelines because laws today protect 

the welfare of research animals. 

Exposure to a large amount of naphthalene may 

damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. 

This could cause you to have too few red blood 

cells until your body replaces the destroyed cells. 

This problem is called hemolytic anemia. People, 

particularly children, have developed this problem 

after eating naphthalene-containing mothballs or 

deodorant blocks. Anemia has also occurred in 

infants wearing diapers that have been stored in 

mothballs. If your ancestors were from Africa or 

Mediterranean countries, naphthalene may be more 

dangerous to you than to people of other origins. 

These populations have a higher incidence of 

problems with an enzyme that usually protects red 

blood cells from damage created by oxygen in the 

air. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

Some of the symptoms that occur with hemolytic 

anemia are fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness, 

and a pale appearance to your skin. Exposure to a 

large amount of naphthalene, such as by eating 

mothballs, may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, 

blood in the urine, and a yellow color to the skin. If 

you have these symptoms, you should see a doctor 

quickly. 

Anemia is a common condition in pregnancy that 

can be due to causes other than naphthalene 

exposure. However, if you are a pregnant woman 

and are anemic due to naphthalene exposure, then it 

is possible that your unborn child may be anemic as 

well. Naphthalene can move from your blood to 

your baby's blood. Once your baby is born, 

naphthalene may also be carried from your body to 

your baby's body through your milk. It is not 

completely clear if naphthalene causes reproductive 

effects in animals; most evidence says that it does 

not. 

Laboratory rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, and rats 

sometimes develop cataracts (cloudiness) in their 

eyes after swallowing naphthalene at high dose 

levels. It is not certain whether cataracts also 

develop in humans exposed to naphthalene, but the 

possibility exists. 

When mice or rats breathed in naphthalene vapors 

daily throughout their lives (2 years), cells in the 

lining of their noses or lungs were damaged. Some 

exposed female mice also developed lung tumors. 

Some exposed male and female rats developed nose 

tumors. When mice or rats were fed naphthalene in 

their food for 13 weeks, no tumors or other tissue 

changes were found. The only effect found was 

decreased body weight in rats that were fed 

naphthalene. 

Based on these results from animal studies, the U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services 

concluded that naphthalene is reasonably 

anticipated to be a human carcinogen. The 

International Agency for Research on Cancer 

(IARC) concluded that naphthalene is possibly 

carcinogenic to humans, because there is enough 

evidence that naphthalene causes cancer in animals, 

but not enough evidence about such an effect in 

humans. Under the EPA 1986 cancer guidelines, 

naphthalene was assigned to Group C – possible 

human carcinogen. 

When mice were fed food containing 1-methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene for most of 

their lives (81 weeks), the gas-exchange part of the 

lungs of some mice became filled with an abnormal 

material. This type of lung injury is called 

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A few mice also 

had lung tumors, but the numbers of mice with lung 

tumors were not enough to conclude that 1-methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene caused the 

tumors. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis has been 

seen in some people, but the cause of this 

uncommon lung disease in humans is unknown. 

1.6 HOW CAN NAPHTHALENE, 

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE AFFECT 

CHILDREN? 

This section discusses potential health effects in 

humans from exposures during the period from 

conception to maturity at 18 years of age. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

Hospitals have reported many cases of hemolytic 

anemia in children, including newborns and infants, 

who either ate naphthalene mothballs or deodorant 

cakes or who were in close contact with clothing or 

blankets stored in naphthalene mothballs. 

Newborns or infants are thought to be especially 

susceptible to this effect on the blood, because their 

bodies are less able to get rid of naphthalene than 

adults. 

Newborn mice appear to be more susceptible to 

lung injury than adult mice, when they are injected 

with naphthalene. These results suggest that 

children may be more susceptible to lung injury 

from naphthalene than adults. Scientists do not 

know if lung injury from breathing in naphthalene 

in childhood may lead to lung disease later in life. 

There are no reports that prenatal or postnatal 

exposure to naphthalene has caused developmental 

problems in human offspring. When pregnant mice, 

rats, or rabbits were fed naphthalene during their 

pregnancy, the development of their offspring was 

normal. Normal offspring development occurred 

even when the amounts of naphthalene given were 

large enough to prevent the pregnant animals from 

gaining their normal amount of weight. 

There are no studies in humans or animals 

indicating whether or not children are more 

susceptible to health effects from 1-methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene. 

1.7 HOW CAN FAMILIES REDUCE THE 

RISK OF EXPOSURE TO 

NAPHTHALENE, 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE? 

If your doctor finds that you have been exposed to 

substantial amounts of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene, ask whether 

your children might also have been exposed. Your 

doctor might need to ask your state health 

department to investigate. 

The most important way that families can reduce 

the risk of exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene is to avoid 

smoking tobacco, generating smoke during cooking, 

or using fireplaces or heating appliances in their 

homes. If families use naphthalene-containing 

moth repellants, the material should be enclosed in 

containers that prevent vapors from escaping. The 

containers should not be accessible to young 

children. Blankets and clothing stored with 

naphthalene moth repellents should be aired 

outdoors to remove naphthalene odors and washed 

before they are used. To further minimize the risk 

of exposure to naphthalene, families should inform 

themselves of the contents of air deodorizers that 

are used in their homes, and refrain from using 

deodorizers with naphthalene. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

1.8 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO 

DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN 

EXPOSED TO NAPHTHALENE, 

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE? 

Several tests determine whether you have been 

exposed to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 

2-methylnaphthalene. These tests include 

measuring naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 

2-methylnaphthalene, or their breakdown products 

in samples of urine, stool, blood, maternal milk, or 

body fat. These tests require special equipment, 

which is not routinely available in a doctor's office. 

Body fluids, urine, stool samples, or tissue samples 

can be sent to a special laboratory for the tests. 

These tests cannot determine exactly how much 

naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene you were exposed to or predict whether 

harmful effects will occur. If the samples are 

collected within a day or two of exposure, then the 

tests can show if you were exposed to a large or 

small amount of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 

or 2-methylnaphthalene. 

1.9 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE 

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO 

PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH? 

The federal government develops regulations and 

recommendations to protect public health. 

Regulations can be enforced by law. The EPA, the 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration 

(OSHA), and the Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA) are some federal agencies that develop 

regulations for toxic substances. Recommendations 

provide valuable guidelines to protect public health, 

but cannot be enforced by law. The Agency for 

Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) 

and the National Institute for Occupational Safety 

and Health (NIOSH) are two federal organizations 

that develop recommendations for toxic substances. 

Regulations and recommendations can be expressed 

as “not-to-exceed” levels, that is, levels of a toxic 

substance in air, water, soil, or food that do not 

exceed a critical value that is usually based on 

levels that affect animals; they are then adjusted to 

levels that will help protect humans. Sometimes 

these not-to-exceed levels differ among federal 

organizations because they used different exposure 

times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day), 

different animal studies, or other factors. 

Recommendations and regulations are also updated 

periodically as more information becomes available. 

For the most current information, check with the 

federal agency or organization that provides it. 

Some regulations and recommendations for 

naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene include the following: 

The federal government has developed regulations 

and advisories to protect individuals from the 

possible health effects of naphthalene in the 

environment. OSHA set a limit of 10 parts per 

million (ppm) for the level of naphthalene in 

workplace air over an 8-hour workday. NIOSH set 

a limit of 500 ppm for the level of naphthalene in 

workplace air expected to be immediately 

dangerous to life or health. Exposure to workplace 

air concentrations above this limit for more than 

30 minutes would be expected to impair a worker’s 

ability to escape the contaminated workplace. 

EPA recommends that children not drink water with 

over 0.5 ppm naphthalene for more than 10 days or 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene 

CAS#: 91-20-3, 90-12-0 and 91-57-6 

Division of Toxicology August 2005 

over 0.4 ppm for any longer than 7 years. Adults 

should not drink water with more than 1 ppm for 

more than 7 years. For water consumed over a 

lifetime (70 years), EPA suggests that it contain no 

more than 0.1 ppm naphthalene. 

Industrial releases of naphthalene into the 

environment of more than 100 pounds must be 

reported to EPA. 

There are no regulations or advisories for 1-methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene. 

1.10 WHERE CAN I GET MORE 

INFORMATION? 

If you have any more questions or concerns, please 

contact your community or state health or 

environmental quality department, your regional 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission office, or contact 

ATSDR at the address and phone number below. 

ATSDR can also tell you the location of 

occupational and environmental health clinics. 

These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, 

and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to 

hazardous substances. 

Toxicological profiles are also available on-line at 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov and on CD-ROM. You may 

request a copy of the ATSDR ToxProfiles 

CD-ROM by calling the information and technical 

assistance toll-free number at 1-888-42ATSDR 

(1-888-422-8737), by email at atsdric@cdc.gov, or 

by writing to: 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

Division of Toxicology 

1600 Clifton Road NE 

 Mailstop F-32 

Atlanta, GA 30333 

 Fax: 1-770-488-4178 

For-profit organizations may request a copy of final 

profiles from the following: 

National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 

5285 Port Royal Road 

Springfield, VA 22161 

Phone: 1-800-553-6847 or 1-703-605-6000 

Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/ 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov