### 06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Chapter 161 : GRAPHIC ARTS - OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY ANDLETTERPRESS PRINTING Summary: This regulation restricts the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions fromOffset Lithography and Letterpress operations. 1. Applicability A . This regulation applies statewide. B . This regulation applies to any Offset Lithography (Heatset, Sheet Fed or Coldset) and Letterpress printing operation: (1) whose maximum

actual emissions are greater thanthree tons ofVOCs per rolling 12 month period or; (2) for non-heatset printing operations, whose total volume ofcleaning solution, alcohol fountain solution, alcohol substitutes, coatings and ink purchased or used in any 30day rolling period is greater than 64gallons per month, or equivalently, 768 gallons in any 12 month rolling period or; (3) for heatset printing operations whose total weight ofheatset inks, cleaning solution, fountain solution and fountain solution additives purchased or used in any 30day rolling period is greater than 450 pounds per month, or equivalently, 5400 pounds per 12 month rolling period. Any person claiming exemption pursuant to this subsection shall record and maintain monthly operational records sufficient to demonstrate compliance as specified in Subsection 5A(7) ofthis Chapter.NOTE: Graphic Arts - Flexography and Rotogravure printing operations are subject to

Graphic Arts - Rotogravure and Flexography, 06-096 CMR 132 (effective February 10, 1993) . NOTE: Facilities or any owner thatemits greater than 10 pounds per hour, 100pounds per day ofVOCs may have additional air licensing requirements and should contact the Department to determine whether any licensing requirements apply. C . Any owner or operator ofan offset lithographic or letterpress printing operation, who is subject to this rule, must demonstrate compliance by twelve months fromthe effective date of this rule. For a source that commences operation after May 31, 2010, the owner or operator must determine compliance status by 12 months after the date on which the source commences operation, or as otherwise specified in a BACT analysis included in an air emission license. D . Any printing operation that is subject to this Chapter due solely to exceeding the applicability threshold of three tons of VOC emissions per year in subsection 1B, and whose VOC emissions subsequently fall belowthat applicability threshold for a rolling 12 month period will remain subject to the requirements of this Chapter for three years following the conclusion of that 1206-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION month rolling period. The printing operation will become subject to this Chapter anewupon exceeding any applicability threshold set forth in subsection 1B. 2. Definitions A . Actual Emissions. "Actual Emissions" means calculating aVOCmass balance over a periodof time, using invoices and usage records to determine amounts of ink, fountain solution and cleaning solutions purchased and used; multiplied by an applicable emission retention factor. B . Alcohol . "Alcohol" means any of the following compounds, when used as a fountain solution additive for offset lithographic or letterpress printing: ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol . C . Alcohol substitute. "Alcohol substitute" means any non-alcohol additives that contain VOCs and are used in the fountain solution; including but not limited to ethylene glycol or glycol ether compounds. Some additives are used to reduce the surface tension ofwater: others are added to prevent piling (ink build-up) . D . Automatic Blanket Wash System . "Automatic Blanket Wash System" means equipment used to clean lithographic blankets which can include, but is not limited to those utilizing a cloth and expandable bladder, brush, spray, or impregnatedcloth system . E. BACT. "BACT" means Best Available Control Technologyas defined in Definitions Regulation 06-096 CMR 100 (last amended December 24, 2005) . F. CAM

. "CAM" means Compliance Assurance Monitoring as described in 40 CFRPart 64. G . Cleaning Solution. "Cleaning Solution" means any liquid solvent or solution used to cleanthe operating surfaces ofa printing press and its parts. For purposes ofthis rule, cleaning solutions include but are not limited to blanket wash, roller wash, metering roller cleaner, plate cleaner, impression cylinder washes, rubber rejuvenators, and othercleaners used for cleaning a press, press parts, or to remove dried ink or coating fromareas around the press. H . Control device. "Control device" means equipment usedto reduce, by destruction or removal, the amount ofair pollutant(s) in an air streamprior to discharge to the ambient air. I . Dampening System . "Dampening system" means equipment used to deliver the fountain solution to the lithographic plate. J. Fountain Solution. "Fountain solution: means a mixture ofwater and other volatile and nonvolatile chemicals and additives that maintains the quality of the printing plate including preventing debris build up (e.g., spray power, paper fiber, coating particles, dried ink particles and other materials), and increases viscosity and reduces the surface tension ofthe water so that is spreads easily across the printing plate service. The fountain solution wets the non-image area so that the ink is maintained within the image areas. Non-volatiles additives include mineral salts and hydrophilic gums. Alcohol and alcohol substitutes are the most common VOC additives used to reduce the surface tension ofthe fountain solution.

Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -2-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

K . Fountain Solution Reservoir. "Fountain Solution Reservoir" means the collection tankthat accepts fountain solution recirculated fromprinting unit(s) . In some cases, the tanks are equipped with cooling coils for refrigeration ofthe fountain solution. L. Heatset. "Heatset" means any operation where the printing inks are set by the evaporation of the inkoils in a heatset dryer. M . Heatset Dryer. "Heatset dryer" means any device used in heatset web offset lithographic printing to heat the printed substrate and to promote the evaporation of ink oils. N . Inking System

. "Inking System" means a series of rollers used to meter ink onto the lithographic plate. The systemcan include agitators, pumps, totes, and others types of ink containers. O . Letterpress printing press. "Letterpress Printing press" means a printing press that uses a relief methodwhich uses type directly. Printing is done fromcast metal type or plates on whichthe image or printing areas is raised above the nonprinting areas. Inkrollers touch on the surface of the raised areas. The surrounding (nonprinting) areas are lower and do not receive ink. The inked image is transferred directlyto the paper. P. Lithography. "Lithography" means a planographic printing process where the image and nonimage areas are chemically differentiated; the image area is oil receptive and the nonimage area is water receptive. This method differs fromother printing methods, where the image is typically printed froma raised or recessed surface. Q . Non-heatset . "Non-heatset" means a printing process where the printing inks are set by absorption and/or oxidation of the ink oil, not by evaporation of the ink oils in a dryer. For the purposes ofthis rule, use of an infrared heater or printing conducted using ultraviolet-cured or electron beam-cured inks is considered non-heatset . R . Offset . "Offset" means a printing process that transfers the ink filmfrom the lithographic plate to an intermediary surface (blanket), which, inturn, transfers the ink filmto the substrate. S. Press. "Press" means printing production assembly composed of one or more units used to produce a printed substrate including any associated coating, spray power application, heatset web dryer, ultraviolet or electron beam curing units, or infrared heating units. T. Sheet fed. "Sheet fed" means any operation where paper is fed to the press in individual sheets. U . Substrate. "Substrate" means the surface to which a coating is applied. V . VOC Composite Partial Vapor Pressure - "VOC Composite Partial Vapor Pressure" means the sumof the partial pressure of the compounds defined as VOCs. VOCcomposite partial vapor pressure is calculated as follows:



### " (W,.)(VP,) l MW,. PP = ~ W,, + W+ W

MW,, MW~ ~MW, Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -3-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Where: Wi = Weight ofthe "i"th VOCcompound, in grams W, = Weight ofwater, in grams W, = Weight ofexempt compound, in grams MWi = Molecularweight of the "i"thVOC compound, in g/g-mole MWw= Molecular weight ofwater, in g/g-mole MW, = Molecular weight ofexempt compound, in g/g-mole PP, = VOCcomposite partial vapor pressure at 20°C (68°F), in mm Hg VPi = Vapor pressure of the "i"th VOCcompound at 20°C (68°F), in mm Hg W . Web. "Web" means a continuous roll of paper used as a printing substrate. 3. Emission Control Limits A . Work Practice Standards, Fountain and Cleaning Solution VOCLimits Any owner or operator ofa facility that utilizes any type of heatset, coldset or sheet fed offset web lithography printing press, or letterpress printing press systemis subject to the following requirements for: (1) Work Practice Standards Each owner or operator shall usethe following workpractices: (a) New

and used VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvent, including solvents mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; (b) Spills and leaks ofVOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvent shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing ink, fountain solution or cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately to a sealed storage container. Spills ofhazardous waste may also be subject to reporting pursuant to 38 MRSA § 1318-B (1) and the Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 06-096 CMR Chapters 850-857.

(e) (f) (c) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOC containing ink, fountain solution or cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, non-absorbent, non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; (d) VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvents shall be conveyed fromone location to another in closed containers or pipes; and Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOCemissions. VOCwaste containing materials as well as any hazardous waste may not be stored in any container which is rusted, bulging or leaking. For specific details, refer tothe Standards for Generators of Hazardous Waste, 06-096 CMRChapter 851 . Additionally, the tanks and containers used to store VOC or hazardous waste must be compatible with the waste stored in them, be labeled and stored according to hazardous waste management rules. Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -4-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Refer to Maine's Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 06-096 CMRChapters 850-857, as well as the federal regulations: 40 CFR 265.172 and 40 CFR 265.177 regarding incompatible containers and wastes. (2) Fountain Solution VOCRequirements for heatset, sheet fed and coldset offset lithographic and letterpress presses. Any owner or operator ofa subject printing press shall meet the following emission requirements: (a) Heatset Web Offset VOCRequirements for on-press fountain solution, shall achieve one of the following limits for fountain solution used on each heatset press; (i) If the fountain solution contains only alcohol substitutes, maintain the as-applied VOCcontent of the fountain solution at or below 5.0 percent, by weight, and use no alcohol in the fountain solution (ii) If the fountain solution contains alcohol ; maintain the as-applied VOCcontent of the fountain solution at or below1 .6 per cent, by weight; or (iii) If the fountain solution contains alcohol and is refrigerated; maintain an as-applied VOC content of the fountain solution at or below3.0 per cent, by weight and refrigerate to sixty degrees Fahrenheit or less. (b) Sheet-Fed Web Offset VOCRequirements for on-press fountain solution shall achieve one of the following limits for fountain solution used on each sheet fed press: (i) If the fountain solution contains only alcohol substitutes, maintain the as-applied VOC content of the solution at or below 5.0 per cent, by weight, and use no alcohol in the fountain solution. (ii) If the fountain solution contains alcohol ; maintain the as-appliedVOCcontent of the fountain solution at or below5.0 per cent, by weight, or (iii) If the fountain solution contains alcohol and is refrigerated; maintain the as-applied VOCcontent of the solution at or below 8.5 per cent, by weight and refrigerate to sixty degrees Fahrenheit or less. (iv) Exemption: sheet-fed presses with sheet size of 11 x 17 inches or smaller or with total fountain solution reservoir of less than one gallon. (c) Coldset Web Offset Requirements for on press fountain solution shall maintain the asapplied VOCcontent ofthe fountain solution used on each non-heatset press at or below 5.0 percent, by weight, and use no alcohol inthe fountain solution. (d) Where it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction ofthe Department that a subject lithographic printing press cannot be operated with fountain solutions meeting the limits in this Section for reasons of technological and/or economic infeasibility, the Department may establish site-specific limits based upon evidence of technological or economic feasibility, subject to approval by the EPA . Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -5-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (3) Cleaning Solvent Limits: The owner oroperator ofan offset lithographic or letterpress printing presses shall use cleaning solvents that: (a) Have composite partial vapor pressure less than 10 mm Hg at 20°C, or; have a VOC content less than 70per cent by weight ; and (4) Exemptions (a) Fountain Solution Limits for Sheet-Fed Web Offset or Letterpress presses: sheet-fed presses with sheet size of 11 x 17 inches or smaller orwith total fountain solution reservoir of less than one gallon. (b) Fountain Solution Limits for Coldset Web Offset or Letterpress presses: sheet-fed presses with sheet size of 11 x 17 inches or smaller orwith total fountain solution reservoir of less than one gallon. (c) Cleaning Solution Limits: For non - press or press parts cleaning processes, a facility is allowed to use a maximum110 gallons ofhigher VOCcontent cleaning solvents within any consecutive twelve monthperiod. This includes cleaning solutions used on electronic components ofa press, pre-press cleaning operations (e.g. platemaking), postpress cleaning operations (e.g. binding), cleaning supplies (e.g. detergents) used to clean floors (other than dried ink) in an area around a press, or cleaning performed in parts washers or cold cleaners. B . VOCEmission Control Requirements for Heatset Dryers

(1)

(3) An owner or operator ofa Lithographic or Letterpress heatset dryer systemwhose actual emissions are greater than 25 tons per year ofVOCemissions fromthe dryer, before controls, shall be equipped with a control systemand shall operate the control systemto meet the following requirements. Exemption: Heatset presses used for book printing and heatset presses with maximum web width of 22 inches or less are excluded from the add-on control requirements. (2) For a control systemfirst installed before the effective date ofthis rule the control system shall reduce VOC emissions fromeach dryer by at least ninety per cent or maintain a maximum

VOC outlet concentration of twenty ppmv, as hexane (C6H,4) on a dry basis, whichever is less stringent; or For a control systemfirst installed on or after the effective date ofthis rule, the control systemshall reduce VOCemissions fromeach dryer by at least ninety-five per cent or maintain a maximum

VOCoutlet concentration of twenty ppmv, as hexane (C61114) on a dry basis, whichever is less stringent; or (4) An owner oroperator ofa heatset lithographic or heatset letter press printing press and dryer(s) equipped with a control systemshall maintain the dryer air pressure lower than the pressroomair pressure at all times the press is operating; and ensure that : Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -6-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (a) The capture systemand control device are operated at all times that the printing press is in operation; and the manufacturer's minimumrecommended operating temperature for the control device oras such other minimumoperating temperature as specified in a BACT or CAM

analysis included in a license issued after 1997, shall be maintained whenever the presses are inoperation, and (b) The control device is equipped with the applicable monitoring equipment specified in Section 4 Compliance Test methods, and the monitoring equipment is installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained according tothe manufacturer's specifications or as otherwise specified in a BACT or CAM analysis included in a license issued after 1997 at all times the control device is in use. C . Any owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with this section through the applicable coating analysis and test methods specified in Section 4 Compliance Test Methods ofthis rule and in accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in Chapter 126. 4. Compliance Test methods. The following test methods shall be used, except where the use ofan adaptation or alternative to any of the analytical methods specified inthis section shall be approved bythe Department and US EPA on a case-by-case basis. The owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation for the Department and US EPAto find that the analytical methods specified below wouldyield inaccurate results and that the proposed adaptation is appropriate. A . For any heatset web offset or heatset web letterpress printing press that is subject to the requirements of Section 3B VOCEmission Control Requirements for Heatset Dryers, compliance shall be determined by performing emissiontests in accordance with the following: (1) For the purpose ofdemonstrating compliance with the emission control requirements in Section 3B of this rule, the affected source shall be run at typical operating conditions and flow rates compatible with scheduled production during anyemissiontesting. (2) The negative dryer pressure shall be established during the initial test using an airflow direction indicator, such as a smoke stick or aluminumribbons, or differential pressure gauge. (3) The following US EPAtest methods (in 40 CFRPart 60, Appendix A) shall be usedto demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission control requirement in Section 3Bof this rule. (a) US EPA Method 1 or lA, as appropriate, shall be used to select the sampling sites. (b) US EPA Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, shall be used to determine the velocity and volumetric flowrate of the exhaust stream . (c) US EPA Method 3 or 3A, as appropriate, shall be usedto determine the concentration of OZ and COZ. (d) US EPA Method 4shall be used to determine moisture content. Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -7-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (e) US EPA Method 18, 25, or 25A shall be used to determine the VOCconcentration of the exhaust streamentering and exiting the control device, unless the alternate limit oftwenty ppmv as specified in Section 3B of this rule is being met, in which case only the VOC concentration of the exit exhaust shall be determined. In cases where the anticipated outlet VOC concentration of the control device is less than fifty ppmv as carbon, Method 25Ashall be used. (i) If the average concentrations in the outlet ofa thermal or catalytic oxidizer measured by Method 25Aare greater than fifty ppmv as carbon, Method 18 or 25 may be used to determine non-VOCcomponents (methane and ethane) to correct the outlet VOC readings, unless the director determines that the uncorrected Method 25Aresults are acceptable. (ii) Acompliance test shall consist of up to three separate runs, each lasting a minimum ofsixty minutes, unless the director determines that process variables dictate shorter sampling times. (iii) US EPA Method 25 specifies a minimumprobe temperature of two hundred sixtyfive degrees Fahrenheit. The probe shall be heated to at least the temperature required to prevent condensation as specified in the stacktest protocol required by the governing air emission license, or otherwise approved in writing bythe Department and EPA. (iv) US EPA Method 25Aspecifies a minimum temperature of two hundred twenty degrees Fahrenheit for the sampling components leading to the analyzer. The sampling components and flame ionization detector block shall be heated to at least the temperature required to prevent condensation as specified in the stack test protocol required by the governing air emission license, or otherwise approved by the Department and EPA

. B . For any offset lithographic printing press that is subject to the requirements of Section 3A(2) Fountain Solution limits ofthis rule, compliance with the VOC content of the as-applied fountain solution shall be determined by one of the methods in paragraphs 4B(l) and (2) (below) ofthis rule except when paragraph 4B(4) is applicable: . (1) US EPAMethod 24 shall be used to determine the VOC content of the as-applied fountain solution; (2) Ifdiluted prior to use, a calculation shall be performed for VOC content that combines US EPA Method 24 analytical data for the concentrated materials used to prepare the as-applied fountain solution and the proportions in which they are mixedto make the as-applied fountain solution. The analysis ofthe concentrated material(s) may be performed by the manufacturer/supplier(s) of those material(s)

. The analytical data may be derived froma material safety data sheet (MSDS) or equivalent information fromthe supplieras long as it is based on US EPA Method 24 results; or (3) If not diluted prior touse, the owner oroperator shall use formulation information provided by the supplier, such as a MSDS sheet or equivalent information fromthe supplier. In the Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -8-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION event ofa dispute between information provided bythe supplier and data obtained by US EPA Method 24, the data obtained by US EPA Method 24shall be employed. (4) For any offset lithographic printing press that is subject to the Fountain Solution requirements ofSections 3A(2)(a) (ii) and (iii) ofthis rule, when adding alcohol to a fountain solution batch previously tested in accordance with one of the compliancetest methods contained herein, in lieu ofthe methods in paragraphs 4B(1) to (3) above, the owner or operator shall determine the VOC(alcohol) content of the altered fountain solution using a hydrometer. C . For any offset lithographic printing press that is subject to the refrigerated fountain solution temperature requirements of3B(2)(a)(iii) and 3B(2)(b)(iii) ofthis rule, a thermometer or other temperature detection device capable of reading to 0.5 degrees Fahrenheit shall be used to ensure that any refrigerated fountain solution reservoirs are maintained at or below sixty degrees Fahrenheit at all times. D . For any offset lithographic printing press that is complying via the Cleaning Solution requirements for VOCcontent of 70%by weight limits ofthis rule, the VOC content ofcleaning solutions shall be determined by one ofthe following methods: (1) US EPAMethod 24 shall be used to determine theVOC content ofthe cleaning solution; (2) Ifdiluted prior to use, a calculation shall be performed for VOC content that combines US EPA Method 24analytical data for the concentrated materials used to preparethe cleaning solution and the proportions in which they are mixed to make the as-applied cleaning solution. The analysis of the concentrated material(s) may be performed by the supplier(s) of those material(s) . The analytical data may be derived froma material safety data sheet (MSDS) or equivalent information fromthe supplier as long as it is based on US EPA Method 24 results; or (c) If not diluted prior to use, the owner or operator shall use formulation information provided bythe supplier, such as MSDS sheet or equivalent information fromthe supplier. In the event ofa dispute between information provided by the supplier and data obtained by US EPA Method 24, the data obtained by US EPA Method 24 shall be employed. E. For any offset lithographic printing press that is complying via the Cleaning Solution requirements forVOC composite vapor pressure limits of this rule, the VOC composite partial vapor pressure ofcleaning solutions shall be determined by one of the following methods : (1) Ifdiluted prior to use, calculate the VOCcomposite vapor pressure ofthe as-applied solvent by using the formula for "VOC composite vapor pressure" as follows: (a) Determine the identity and quantity ofeach compound in a blended organic solvent by using ASTM

D2306, or by using ASTM E260 for organics and ASTM D3792 forwater content, ifapplicable, or the manufacturer's product formulation data. (b) Determine the vapor pressure ofeach pure VOC component by using ASTM D2879 or publications such as Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, CRCHandbook of Chemistry and Physics, or Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -9-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (c) Calculate the VOC compositepartial pressure ofthe solvent by using the formula for "VOC compositepartial pressure" in Section 2T. For the purpose of this calculation, the blended solvent shall be assumed to be an ideal solution where Raoult's Law applies. The partial vapor pressures ofeach compound at twenty degrees Celsius (sixty-eight degrees Fahrenheit) shall be used inthe formula. (2) Ifnot diluted prior to use, the owner or operator shall use formulation information provided by the supplier, such as a material safety data sheet (MSDS) or equivalent information from the supplier as long as it is based on results determined in accordance with the procedure specified above in Section 4E(1) ofthis rule. 5. Monitoring and Recordkeeping Requirements A. Recordkeeping and reporting. The records required in this section shall be available for inspection during normal business hours and copies shall be provided to the Department or US EPAupon request. All records must be maintained on site for a period of 6years. The periods of retention are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding regulated activity or as requested by the Department or by an Administrator of the USEPA . (1) The owner or operator ofany heatset offset lithographic or letterpress printing press that is subject to the control system requirements specified in Section 3Bof this rule, shall install and operate continuous temperature monitoring and recording equipment that measures and records temperature data at least once every fifteen minutes or as otherwise approved in writing by the Department and EPA, and shall collect and record the following information and maintain the information at the facility for a period of 6 years: (a) For each day ofoperation of the press, a log or record ofthe operating time for the control device, monitoring equipment, and the associated press. (b) For thermal oxidizers, for each day ofoperation ofthe press; (i) A log or record showing all three-hour averaged periods ofoperation during which the average thermal oxidizer chamber temperature was more than fifty degrees Fahrenheit belowthe average temperature of the thermal oxidizer chamber temperature during the most recent emission test that demonstrated that the press was in compliance, or (ii) Alog or record using~a shorter averaging period approved inwriting bythe Commissioner and EPA, and as applicable, documenting any shutdowns triggered by an oxidizer shutdown threshold temperature as otherwise specified in a BACT analysis or CAM requirement included in an air emissions license after 1997; and (iii) Alog or record showing all events when the unit shuts down due to malfunction, including an automatic shutdown orany events when alarms are activated shall be recorded, and any time that the unit is not operating. (c) For catalytic oxidizers, for each day ofoperation ofthe press: Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -10-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION



### (d) (i)

(ii) 

### (iii)

Note: Alog or record showing all three-hour averaged periods ofoperation during which the average catalytic oxidizer chamber temperature was more than fifty degrees Fahrenheit below the average temperature of the catalytic oxidizer chamber during the most recent emission test that demonstrated that the press was in compliance, or Alog or record using a shorter averaging period approved in writing by the Commissioner and EPA, and as applicable, documenting any shutdowns. triggered by an oxidizer shutdown threshold temperature as otherwise specified in a BACT Analysis or CAM requirement included in an air emissions license after 1997; and Alog or record showing all events when the unit shuts down due to malfunction, including an automatic shutdown or any events when alarms are activated shall be recorded, and any time that the unit is not operating. For thermal oxidizers, an owner or operator must comply with either subsection (1)(b)(i) or (1)(b)(ii), but must also comply with subsection (1)(b)(iii) . For catalytic oxidizers, an owner or operator must complywith either subsection (1)(c)(i) or (1)(c)(ii ), but must also complywith subsection (1)(c)(iii) . For catalytic oxidizers, the catalyst bed material shall be inspected annually, for years in which the unit is operated for at least 1000hours, for general catalyst condition and any signs of potential catalyst depletion. The owner or operator shall also collect a representative sample of the catalyst fromthe oxidizer, per manufacturer's recommendations, and have it tested to evaluate the catalyst's capability to continue to function at or above the required control efficiency. An evaluation of the catalyst bed material shall be conducted whenever the results of the inspection indicate signs of potential catalyst depletion or poor catalyst condition based on manufacturer's recommendations, but not less than once per year, but not less than once every five years, regardless ofusage. (2) The owner or operator ofa heatset web orsheet-fed offset lithographic printing press subject to the requirements for Fountain Solution containing alcohol limits pursuant to this rule shall measure: (a) The VOC (alcohol) content, in accordance with Section 4B(4)of this rule, ofany altered fountain solution, at the time ofalteration, in per cent by weight, of the fountain solution employed in the press and shall maintain records ofthe results of the measurements at the facility for a period ofsix years. (b) On a daily basis, the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, ofthe fountain solution, ifthe owner oroperator refrigerates the fountain solution containing alcohol in accordance with paragraph 3B(2)(a)(iii) and 3B(b)(iii) ofthis rule, .and shall maintain records ofthe results of the measurements at the facility for a period ofsix years. Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -11-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

(5) (3) The owner or operator ofa subject lithographic printing press shall maintain records ofall recipes used to prepare the as-applied fountain solution to meet the limits specified in Section 3A(2) Fountain Solution VOC requirements. Afountain solution that is continuously blended with an automatic mixing unit is considered to be the same batch until such time that the recipe or mix ratios change. Each recipe shall be maintained inthe recipe log for a period ofsix years from

the date the recipe was last prepared for a press. Each recipe shall clearly identify the following: (a) The volume and VOCcontent ofeach concentrated alcohol substitute, added to make a batch offountain solution, based upon the manufacturer's laboratoryanalysis using US EPA Method 24. (b) The proportions in which the fountain solution is mixed, including the addition ofalcohol and/or water. The proportion may be identified as a volume when preparing a discrete batch or may be identifiedas the settings when an automatic mixing unit is employed. (c) The calculated VOCcontent ofa final, mixed batch recipe. (d) The date, time and any recipe changes or deviations offountain solution batches that are used on a press. (4) The owner or operator ofa subject lithographic printing press not maintaining a recipe log in accordance with Section 5A(3) above, shall maintain records for each batch offountain solution prepared for use in the press, including: (a) The volume and VOCcontent of any concentrated alcohol substitute, addedto make a batch offountain solution, based upon the manufacturer's laboratory analysis using US EPAMethod 24. (b) The volume of anyalcohol added to make each batch offountain solution. (c) The volume ofwater addedto make the batch offountain solution. (d) The calculated VOCcontent of the final, mixed batch. (e) The date and time the batch was prepared. The owner oroperator shall maintain records of the VOCcontent or VOCcomposite partial vapor pressure ofall cleaning materials employed in all the lithographic and letterpress printing operations. (6) The owner or operator ofa subject lithographic printing press or letterpress printing press shall maintain records of the following information: (a) The total amount, in gallons, ofall the cleanup materials used; and (b) The total amount, in gallons, of the entire cleanup materials used that exceeds the allowable VOCcontent or VOCcomposite vapor pressure. Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -12-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (7) Exempted printing operations shall maintain monthly purchase records and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each process chemical, as usedto comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200. The records shall document the quantities and VOCcontent ofcleaning solution, fountain solution alcohol, fountain solution alcohol substitutes, coatings, and ink used, to demonstrate that the printing operation falls below the applicability thresholds in section 1 B, or as specified in a BACT analysis included in an air emission license, onsite for six years. B . Reporting Requirements for Monitoring and Record Keeping. The owneror operator ofa lithographic or letterpress printing facility that is subject to this rule shall notify the Department ofexceedances within forty-five days after the instance occurs, and it shall include a copy ofthe record showing the instance(s) : (1) Each hydrometer measurement that shows an exceedance of the applicable alcohol content limits specified in this rule. (2) Each temperature reading that shows anexceedance ofthe temperature limits specified in this rule. (3) Each calculated VOC content that exceeds the VOCcontent limits specified in this rule. (4) Each instance when an exceedance ofthe alcohol usage restriction as specified for fountain solutions in this rule occurs. (5) Each instance when alcohol is used in the fountain solution for a non-heatset web offset lithographic printing press. (6) Each instance whenan exceedance of the VOC content orVOC composite partial vapor pressure specified in this rule for cleanup materials occurs. (7) All periods ofoperation during which the average combustion temperature within the thermal oxidizer was below

the temperature limits specified in Section 5A(1)(b) of this rule. (8) All periods ofoperation during which the average temperature of the catalyst bed was below the temperature limits specified Section 5A(1)(c) ofthis rule. 6. Retention Factors and Capture Efficiencies. A . For purposes ofdetermining VOCemissions fromoffset lithographic printing operations, the following retention factors and capture efficiencies shall be used: (1) Aportion ofthe VOC contained in inks and cleaning solution is retained in the printed web or in the shop towels used for cleaning. The following retention factors shall be used; (a) Aone-hundred percent VOCretention factor for all vegetable ink oils and a twenty per cent VOC retention factor shall be used for all other heatset inks printed on absorptive Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -13-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION substrates, meaning eighty per cent of the VOCin the ink is emitted during the printing process and is available for capture and control byan add-on pollution control device. (b) Aone-hundred percent VOC retention factor for all vegetable ink oils and a ninety-five per cent VOCretention factor shall be used forall other sheet-fed and non-heatset web inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning five per cent ofthe VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process. (c) Afifty per centVOC retention factor shall be used for cleaning solution VOCin shop towels for cleaning solutions with a VOCcomposite vapor pressure of no more than ten mmHg at twenty degrees Celsius (sixty-eight degrees Fahrenheit) if the contaminated shop towels are kept in closed containers, meaning fifty per cent of the VOCused on the shop towels is emittedduring the cleaning process. (2) Aportion of the VOC contained in inks, fountain solutions, and automatic blanket washes on heatset presses is captured in the press dryer for control by add-on pollution control devices. The following capture efficiencies are to be used; (a) Aone hundred per cent VOC carry over efficiency shall be used for inks. All the VOC in the inkthat is not retainedis assumed to be volatilized in the press dryer. Capture efficiency testing for heatset dryers is not required if it is demonstrated that pressure in the dryer is negative relative to the surrounding press room and the airflowis into the dryer. (b) A seventy per cent VOCcarry over efficiency shall be used for fountain solutions containing alcohol substitutes. (c) Aforty percent VOCcarry over efficiency shall to be used for automatic blanket wash solutions with a VOC composite vapor pressure ofno more than ten mm Hg at twenty degrees Celsius (sixty-eight degrees Fahrenheit) . 7. Emission limitations fromthe handling, storage, and disposal of materials containing VOC A . Vapor-tight containers shall be used for the storage ofspent or fresh VOCand for the storage or

. disposal ofcloth or paper impregnated with VOCthatare used for surface preparation, clean up orcoating removal . B . The use ofVOC is prohibited for the cleanup ofspray equipment unless equipment is used to collect the cleaning compounds and to minimize theirevaporation to the atmosphere. C . Some VOCs may also be designated as hazardous wastes. The handling, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes including such wasteVOCs and cloth or paper impregnated with suchwaste VOCs are also subject to hazardous waste management standards as stipulated in Maine's Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 06-096 CMRChapters 850-857.

AUTHORITY

: 38 M

.R.S.A., Section 585-A EFFECTIVE DATE: April 6, 2010 Chapter 161 : Graphic Arts - Offset Lithography and Letterpress Printing -14-06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

BASIS STATEMENT Many inks, fountain and cleaning solutions used in graphic arts contain volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are precursors to ground-level ozone formation. This regulationrestricts the VOC emissions fromoffset lithography and letterpress printing operations. Under Section 184 of the CleanAir Act Amendments of 1990, requires states to implement or update reasonably available control technology (RACT) controls on all major VOC and NOx emission sources and on source categories covered by a Control Technique Guideline (CTG) document . The State must submit plans to control VOC emissions fromall sources covered by a Control Technique Guideline (CTG) issued by US EPA. This regulation is based on a CTGissued by US EPAon September, 2006 (published on October 5, 2006, 71 FR 58745) and provides emission control standards for reducing VOC emissions stemming fromthe use of fountain solutions, cleaning materials and inks. It requires all sources within this category to determine their emission levels and implement reasonable options for keeping such emissions at a minimum, in a cost effective waythat includes: control technology approaches, VOCcomposite vapor pressure limits and standards forwork practices. The rule provides a variety ofapproaches for managing VOC emissions and complying with the limits stipulated in the rule with flexibility for sources to implement the limits inthe manner that is most suitable for their facility.

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