COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS 

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS 

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ONE WINTER STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108 617-292-5500

DEVAL L. PATRICK 

Governor 

TIMOTHY P. MURRAY 

Lieutenant Governor 

IAN A. BOWLES 

Secretary 

LAURIE BURT 

Commissioner

This information is available in alternate format. Call Donald M. Gomes, ADA Coordinator at 617-556-1057. TDD Service - 1-800-298-2207. 

MassDEP on the World Wide Web: http://www.mass.gov/dep

 Printed on Recycled Paper

Final 

Massachusetts State Implementation Plan 

To Demonstrate Attainment of the National Ambient Air 

Quality Standard for Ozone 

January 31, 2008 
i 

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ii 

Massachusetts State Implementation Plan 

To Demonstrate Attainment of the National Ambient Air 

Quality Standard for Ozone 

Table of Contents 

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii 

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES viii 

LIST OF APPENDICES x 

REFERENCES xii 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiv

 Section Page 

 

Section 1 Introduction and Background 

1.1 Summary and Purpose of Document 1 

1.2 Ozone Formation and Health Impacts 2 

1.3 1-Hour Ozone NAAQS 2 

1.4 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS 2 

1.5 MA 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS Compliance 2 

Section 2 Emissions Inventories 2.1 Purpose of Section 1 

2.2 2002 Base Year Inventory Pollutants 1 

2.3 2008 and 2009 Projected Inventories 1 

2.4 2012 Projected Inventory 2 

2.5 Emissions Inventory Trends 3 

Section 3 Control Measures 

3.0 Purpose of Section 1 

3.1 Post-2002 Emissions Reductions 1 

3.1.1 MA 1-Hour Ozone Standard Control Measures 1 

3.1.2 New MA Control Measures 2 

3.1.3 Emissions from States Upwind of MA 2 

3.2 Federal “On-the-Way” On-Road Mobile Source Measures 3 

3.2.1 Tier 2/Fuel Standards 3 

3.2.2 Heavy-Duty Engine and Fuel Standards 3 

3.3 Federal “On-the-Way” Non-Road Mobile Source Measures 3 

3.3.1 Non-Road Diesel Engine and Fuel Standards 4 

3.3.2 Non-Road Spark Ignition (Gasoline) Engine and Fuel Standards 4 

3.3.3 Marine Diesel Engine Standards 5 
iii 

3.3.4 New Federal Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs) Regulation 5 

3.4 Massachusetts “On-the-Way” Control Measures 5 

3.4.1 Low Emission Vehicle Program (LEV) 5 

3.4.2 NOx Budget Program 6 

3.5 Massachusetts New or Revised Regulations 6 

3.5.1 MA Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) 7 

3.5.2 RACT Measures 7 

3.5.3 Consumer Products and AIM Coatings 8 

3.5.4 Adhesives and Sealants 8 

3.5.5 Effective Date of Control Measures and Estimated Reductions 8 

Section 4 Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration 

4.1 Purpose of Section 1 

4.2 Reasonable Further Progress Requirements and Methodology 1 

4.3 2002 RFP Adjusted Base Year Inventory 2 

4.4 Target Level of Emissions 4 

4.5 2008 Projected Emissions Inventory 5 

4.5.1 Stationary Point Sources 

4.5.2 Area Sources 

4.5.3 On-Road and Non-Road Mobile Sources 

4.6 Summary 6 

Section 5 Attainment Demonstration 5.1 Purpose of Section 1 

 

5.2 Ozone Conceptual Model 2 

5.2.1 Conceptual Description for Ozone Episodes in Massachusetts 

5.2.2 Geographical Considerations 

5.2.3 Transport 

5.2.4 Primary Meteorological Regimes for Massachusetts 

5.3 OTC Modeling Protocol 5 

5.3.1 Modeling Protocol (2003) 

5.3.2 Modeling Protocol (2006) 

5.4. Review of 2002 Ozone Episodes 5 

 

5.4.1 Episode Selection Criteria 

5.4.2 OTR Modeling Domain Episode Selection Procedure 

5.5 Modeling Domain 6 

 

5.5.1 Description 

5.5.2 Horizontal Grid Size 

5.5.3 Number of Vertical Layers 
iv 

5.6 Photochemical Grid Modeling System 7 

 

5.6.1 Photochemical Modeling System 

5.6.2 CMAQ Modeling System Codes 

5.6.3 CMAQ Model Setup for the OTR Domain 

 

5.7 Meteorological Modeling System 

5.7.1 MM5 Meteorological Model 

5.7.2 MM5 Meteorological Fields 

5.7.3 MM5 Model Performance 

5.8 Biogenic Emissions 10 

 

5.8.1 BEIS Modeling System 

5.8.2 OTR Modeling Domain Biogenic Emissions 

5.9 Boundary and Initial Conditions 11 

5.9.1 Generation of Boundary Conditions 

5.9.2 OTR Modeling Domain Boundary and Initial Conditions 

5.10 CMAQ Emission Files for 2002 11 

 

5.10.1 Regional Planning Organization Emission Inventories for 2002 11 

5.10.2 MANE-VU Emission Inventory for 2002 

5.10.3 Emission Files for the OTR Domain 

5.10.3.1 MANE-VU Emission Files for 2002 

5.10.3.2 CENRAP Emission Files for 2002 

5.10.3.3 MRPO Emission Files for 2002 

5.10.3.4 VISTAS Emission Files for 2002 

5.10.3.5 Canadian Emission Files for 2002 

5.11 New OTR Control Measures for 2009 14 

 

5.11.1 Potential OTR Control Measures for 2009 

5.11.2 Final OTR Beyond On the Way (BOTW) Control Measures 

5.12 CMAQ Emission Files for 2009 with OTR BOTW Control Measures 15 

5.12.1 Regional Planning Organization Emission Inventories for 2009 

5.12.2 MANEVU Emission Inventory with BOTW Control Measures for 2009 

5.12.3 Emission Files for the OTR Domain 

5.12.3.1 MANE-VU Emission Files for 2009 

5.12.3.2 CENRAP Emission Files for 2009 

5.12.3.4 MRPO Emission Files for 2009 

5.12.3.5 VISTAS Emission Files for 2009 

5.12.3.6 Canadian Emission Files for 2009 

5.13 Quality Assurance of CMAQ Databases 17 

 
v 

5.14 CMAQ Model Simulation for 2002 Base Case 18 

 

5.14.1 CMAQ 2009 Base Case Application 

5.14.2 CMAQ Input Files for 2002 

5.14.2.1 Emission Files for 2002 

5.14.2.2 Boundary and Initial Conditions for 2002 

5.14.2.3 Meteorological Files for 2002 

5.14.2.4 Photolysis Rates 

5.14.3 CMAQ Output Files for 2002 

5.15 Performance Evaluation of 2002 Simulation 19 

 

5.15.1 NY DEC Evaluation for OTR Modeling Domain 

5.15.2 CMAQ Spatial Performance in New England States 

5.15.3 CMAQ Model Metrics in New England States 

5.16 CMAQ Model Simulation for 2009 Control Strategy 26 

 

5.16.1 CMAQ 2009 Application 

5.16.2 CMAQ Input Files for 2009 

5.16.2.1 Emission Files for 2009 

5.16.2.2 Boundary and Initial Conditions for 2009 

5.16.2.3 Meteorological Files for 2009 

5.16.2.4 Photolysis Rates 

5.16.3 CMAQ Output Files for 2009 

5.17. Predicted Design Values for 2009 27 

 

5.17.1 Design Values for 2002 (DVC) 

5.17.2 Relative Response Factor for 2009 (RRF) 

5.17.3 Design Values for 2009 (DVF) 

5.18 Estimating Design Values at Unmonitored Locations 32 

 

5.18.1 Massachusetts Ozone Monitoring Network 

5.18.2 Future Year Design Values at Unmonitored Locations 

 

5.19. Weight of Evidence 33 

 

5.19.1 Air Quality Trends 

5.19.2 Emission Trends 

5.19.3 Excess Reductions 

5.19.4 2012 Future Year Simulation 

5.19.5 Elevated Ozone Episodes in 2007 

 

5.20 Conclusions 48 

 

 
vi 

Section 6 Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) 

6.1 Purpose of Section 1 

6.2 Overview of 1-Hour Ozone Standard RACT 1 

6.2.1 Pre-1990 RACT Requirements 1 

6.2.2 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments 1 

6.2.3 Massachusetts 1-Hour RACT Compliance 2 

6.2.4 Results of 1-Hour RACT Implementation In MA 3 

6.3 8-Hour Ozone Standard RACT Requirements 5 

6.3.1 Required Analysis 5 

6.3.2 Applicable Thresholds 6 

6.4 VOC RACT Analysis 6 

6.4.1 CTGs 7 

6.4.2 New CTGs 7 

6.4.3 Non-CTG Major VOC Sources 7 

6.5 NOx RACT analysis 8 

6.5.1 Municipal Waste Combustors 8 

6.5.2 NOx Cap-and-Trade Program Sources 9 

6.6 RACT Revisions 10 

6.6.1 Solvent Cleaning 10 

6.6.2 Gasoline Dispensing Vapor Control 10 

6.6.3 Asphalt Paving 11 

6.7 RACT Conclusions 12 

Section 7 Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) 

7.1 Purpose of Section 1 

7.2 RACM Analysis Criteria 1 

7.3 OTC Regional RACM Analysis 2 

7.4 Point and Area Source RACM Analysis for MA 3 

7.5 Mobile Source RACM 5 

7.6 MA Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Projects 7 

7.7 Mobile Source RACM Conclusions 7 

7.8 Overall RACM Conclusions 8 

Section 8 Contingency Measures 

8.1 Purpose of Section 1 

8.2 Contingency Requirements 1

 

8.3 RFP Contingency 1 

8.4 Attainment Contingency 2 

8.5 Conclusions 3 

Section 9 Transportation Conformity

9.1 Purpose of Section 1 

9.2 Background 1 

9.3 Methodology 1 

9.4 Mobile Source Budgets 3 
vii 

 

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viii 

List of Figures and Tables 

Section 2 Emissions Inventories 

Figure 2.1: Projected Anthropogenic VOC Emission Trends for MA 

Figure 2.2: Projected Anthropogenic VOC Emission Trends for MA 

Table 2.1: Massachusetts 2002 BY Emissions for 2008, 2009 and 2012 

Section 3 Control Measures 

Table CM 1: MassDEP Schedule for Promulgation of Control Measure Regulations 

Table CM 2: Federal and Massachusetts Post-2002 Control Measures 

Table CM 3:Estimated Reductions From Post-2002 Control Measures 

 

Section 4 Reasonable Further Progress 

Table RFP 1: 2002 RFP Adjustment Base Year Inventory 

Table RFP 2: 2008 Target Levels and Reductions Needed (TPSD) 

Table RFP 3: 2002 Adjusted Base Year, 2008 Projected Emissions and Target Level Comparison 

Section 5 Attainment Demonstration 

Figures 

Figure AD1: Eastern and Western Massachusetts Non-Attainment Area 

Figure AD2: July 7, 2002 Ozone and Isobar Maps 

Figure AD3: July 31, 2002 Ozone and Isobar Maps 

Figure AD4: OTR Photochemical Grid Modeling Domain (Eastern Modeling Domain) 

Figure AD5: Regional Haze Regional planning Organizations (RPOs) 

Figure AD6: MM5 Modeling Domains (36 km and 12 km) 

Figure AD7: Maximum 8-Hour Values on August 8, 2002 

Figure AD8: July 31, 2002 Ozone and Isobar Maps 

Figure AD7: Eastern and Western Massachusetts Non-Attainment Area 

Figure AD8: Eastern and Western Massachusetts Non-Attainment Area 

Figure AD9: Maximum 8-Hour Values on June 21, 2002 

Figure AD10: Maximum 8-Hour Values on July 18, 2002 

Figure AD11: Hourly Ozone Values for 2002 Ozone Season 

Figure AD12: Massachusetts Ozone Monitors for 2002 

Figure AD13: Design Value Trends in Eastern Massachusetts 

Figure AD14: Design Value Trends in Western Massachusetts 

Figure AD15: Emissions in MA for 2002, 2009 and 2012 BOTW Emission Scenarios 

Figure AD16: Emissions in CT, RI, NY and NJ for BOTW Emission Scenarios 

Figure AD17: NO2 Reductions by Sector between 2009 and 2012 

Figure AD18: VOC Reductions by Sector between 2009 and 2012 

Figure AD19: Synoptic Pattern for Typical Ozone Episode 

Figure AD20: Streamline Analysis on 8/30/07 

Figure AD21: Synoptic Pattern on 8/30/07 
ix 

Figure AD22: Wind Speeds 8/30/07 at 11 AM EDT 

Figure AD23: Satellite Photo 8/30/07 

Figure AD24: Max Temperatures 8/3/07 

Figure AD25: Wind Vectors 8/3/07 11 EDT 

Figure AD26: Satellite Photo 8/3/07 

 

Tables 

Table AD1: MANE-VU 2002 Anthropogenic Emissions (Tons/Year) 

Table AD2: MANE-VU 2009 Anthropogenic Emissions with BOTW Controls (Tons/Yr) 

Table AD3: Mean Normalized Gross Error and Mean Normalized Bias for MA Ozone Monitors 

Table AD4: Mean Normalized Gross Error and Mean Normalized Bias for RI Ozone Monitors 

Table AD5: Mean Normalized Gross Error and Mean Normalized Bias for CT Ozone Monitors 

Table AD6: Mean Normalized Gross Error and Mean Normalized Bias for NH Ozone Monitors 

Table AD7: Mean Normalized Gross Error and Mean Normalized Bias for VT Ozone Monitors 

Table AD8: Mean Normalized Gross Error and Mean Normalized Bias for ME Ozone Monitors 

Table AD9: 2009 Design Values (DVF) in Massachusetts for 2009 BOTW Emission Scenario 

Table AD10: 2009 Design Values (DVF) in New Hampshire for 2009 BOTW Emission Scenario 

Table AD11: 2009 Design Values (DVF) in Connecticut for 2009 BOTW Emission Scenario 

Table AD12: 2009 Design Values (DVF) in Maine for 2009 BOTW Emission Scenario 

Table AD13: 2009 Design Values (DVF) in Vermont for 2009 BOTW Emission Scenario 

Table AD14: 2009 Design Values (DVF) in Rhode Island for 2009 BOTW Emission Scenario 

Table AD15: MANE-VU Anthropogenic Emissions in Tons/Year for 2002, 2009 and 2012) 

Table AD16: Percent Ozone Reductions at MA Ozone Monitors 

Table AD17: Design Values in Massachusetts for 2009 and 2012 BOTW Emissions 

Table AD18: PM 2.5 Concentrations 8/3/07 

Section 6 RACT 

Figure RACT 1: MA Stationary Point Source VOC Emission Trends 

Figure RACT 2: MA 2002 VOC Emissions by Source Category 

Figure RACT 3: MA Stationary Point Source NOx Emissions Trends 

Figure RACT 4: MA2002 NOx Emissions by Source Sector 

Table RACT 1: MassDEP 1-hour Ozone Standard RACT Regulations and 8-Hour Ozone 

Standard RACT Certification 

Table RACT 2: MassDEP Single Source 1-Hour Ozone Standard RACT Determinations and 1-

Hour Ozone Standard RACT Certification 

Table RACT 3: NOx Allowance Trading Program Sources

Section 7 RACM 

Table RACM 1: OTC Recommended Control Measures and MA RACM Analysis 

Table RACM 2: Transportation Control Measures Adopted in EMA and WMA

Section 8 Contingency Measures 

Table CGM 1: Required Attainment Contingency 

Table CGM 2: Comparison: 2011 Projections and Contingency Requirement 

Section 9 Transportation Conformity 

Table TC 1: 2008 and 2009 EMA and WMA Mobile Source Budgets 
x 

List of Appendices 

Appendix to Section 2 Emissions Inventories

Massachusetts 2002 Baseline Emission Inventory of Volatile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen 

Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, Ammonia. MassDEP, September 2007. 

Appendix to Section 3 Control Measures 

3A. Massachusetts 1-Hour Ozone Standard Control Measures 

3B. MA 2002 to 2009 VOC & NOx Projections by Categories Eastern and Western MA 

Appendices to Section 4 Reasonable Further Progress

4A. MA 2008 Projections by Categories 

4B. Mobile Emission Factors for 2002 and 2008 

Appendices to Section 5 Attainment Demonstration 

5A. The Nature of the Ozone Air Quality Problem in the Ozone Transport Region: A Conceptual 

 Description 

5B. A Modeling Protocol for the OTC SIP Quality Modeling System for Assessment of the Ozone 

 National Ambient Air Quality Standard in the Ozone Transport Region 

5C. Determination of Representativeness of 2002 Ozone Season for Ozone Transport Region SIP 

 Modeling 

5D. OTC CMAQ Air Quality Model Configuration 

5E. OTC MM5 Meteorological Model Configuration 

5F. TSD-1a Meteorological Modeling using Penn State/NCAR 5th Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) 

5G. TSD-1b Processing of Biogenic emissions for OTC/ MANE-VU 

5H. Development of CMAQ Boundary Conditions 

5I. Technical Support Document for 2002 MANE-VU SIP Modeling Inventories,Version 3 

5J. TSD-1c Emissions Processing for 2002 OTC Regional and Urban 12km BaseYear 

 Simulation 

5K. Identification and Evaluation of Candidate Control Measures 

5L. Development of Emission Projections For 2009, 2012, and 2018 for NonEGU Point, 

 Area,and Nonroad Source in the MANE-VU Region 

5M. TSD-1f Future Year Emissions Inventory for 8-h OTC Ozone Modeling

5N. TSD-1d 8-h Ozone modeling using the SMOKE/CMAQ system

5O. CMAQ Ozone Predictions versus 2002 Ozone Observations for the OTR States 

5P. CMAQ Predicted Daily Ozone Maps for 2002 for the OTR States 

5Q.TSD-1e CMAQ Model Performance and Assessment 8-h OTC Ozone Modeling

5R. CMAQ Model Statistics for the OTR States 

5S. CMAQ Input and Output Files for OTR Modeling Domain

5T. TSD-1g Relative Response Factor (RRF) and “Modeled Attainment Test” 

5U. TSD-1h Projected 8-h ozone air quality over the Ozone Transport Region 
xi 

Appendix to Section 7 RACM 

7A List of FHWA Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Funded Projects 

Appendix to Section 8 Contingency Measures 

8A MassDEP 2011 Mobile Source Emissions Projections - Methodology and Calculation 

 

Appendices to Section 9 Conformity 

9A Estimated Emissions 2008, 2009 (by MPO)

9B HPMS Conversions 

9C Off-Model Sources 

9D MassDEP Memos - Mobile 6.2 Input Files Description (2008 and 2009) 

9E Mobile Input Files (Zipped)
xii 

References 

1. EPA (2007): Guidance on the use of Models and Other Analyses for Demonstrating 

Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5 and Regional Haze 

(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/guidance_sip.htm - 8ozone) 

2. NESCAUM (2006): The Nature of the Ozone Air Quality Problem in the Ozone Transport 

Region A Conceptual Description 

(http://www.otcair.org/projects_details.asp?FID=101&fview=modeling) 

3. Environ (2006): Determination of Representativeness of 2002 Ozone Season for Ozone 

Transport Region SIP Modeling 

(http://www.otcair.org/projects_details.asp?FID=101&fview=modeling - )

4. Dalin Zhang (2000): Development of meteorological database for summer 1997 using MM5 at 

12 km resolution in Photochemical Model Simulations 

5. Dalin Zhang and William Zheng (2004): Diurnal cycles of surface winds and temperatures as 

simulated by five boundary-layer parameterizations, Journal of Appl. Meteorology 43, 157-169 

6. Moon, N. and D. Byun: (2004) A simple user’s guide for “geos2cmaq”code: Linking CMAQ 

with GEOS-CHEM. Version 1.0. Institute for Multidimensional Air quality Studies (IMAQS), 

University of Houston, Houston TX. 

7. Pechan (2006): Technical Support document for 2002 MANE-VU SIP Modeling Inventories, 

version 3. Prepared by E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2005, 

Durham, NC 27707. (ftp.marama.org and note that username = mane-vu, password = 

exchange) 

8. ICF (2005): Future Year Electricity Generating Sector Emission Inventory Development 

Using the Integrated Planning Model (IPM®) in Support of Fine Particulate Mass and 

Visibility Modeling in the VISTAS and Midwest RPO Regions (Final Report) Prepared by 

ICF Resources, L.L.C., 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax,VA. 

9. EPA (2004): Technical Support Document for the Interstate Air Quality Rule Air Quality 

Modeling Analyses. 

(http://www.epa.gov/interstateairquality/technical.html - proposed rule)

11. MACTEC (2007a): Development of Emission Projection for 2009, 2012, and 2018 for 

nonEGU point, area, and nonroad sources in the MANE-VU region. 

(www.marama.org/reports) 

12. MACTEC (2007b): Identification and Evaluation of Candidate Control Measures Final 

Technical Support Document (http://www.otcair.org/document.asp?fview=Report) 

13. 2002 Base Year Emission Inventory SIP Planning: 8-hr Ozone, PM2.5 and Regional Haze 

Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, November 18, 
xiii 

2002. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eidocs/2002baseinven_102502new.pdf

14. Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National 

Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations. EPA-454/R-99-

006. 

15. Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Volumes 1-7, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, July 1997. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ 

chief/eiip/techreport/volume01/index.html

16. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume. 1, Stationary Point and Area Sources, 

AP-42, Fifth Edition and Supplements, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research 

Triangle Park, NC, 1997. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/publications.html#factor

17. Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State Implementation Plans" (EPA-4504-91-010), 

February, 1992. 

18. Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources and Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards, EPA 420/R-92-009. December 1992. 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/invntory/r92009.pdf

19. Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of 

Ozone - Volume I; General Guidance for Stationary Sources. EPA-450/4-91-016, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, May 1991. 

20. Guidelines for Estimating and Applying Rule Effectiveness for Ozone/CO State 

Implementation Plan Base Year Inventories, EPA-452/R-92-010, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, November 1992. 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/old/eidocs/454r92010_nov1992.pdf 
xiv 

Acronyms and Abbreviations 

ACT Alternative Control Techniques 

AIM Architectural and Industrial Maintenance 

ASM 2525 Accelerated Simulation Mode Vehicle Emissions Test (25 mph/25% Load) 

BEIS-3 Biogenic Emission Inventory System (Version 3.0) 

BOTW Beyond on the Way (controls) 

BTU British Thermal Unit 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule 

CALEV California Low Emission Vehicle Program 

CAP Criteria Air Pollutants 

CARB California Air Resources Board 

CASTNet Clean Air Status and Trends Network 

CE Control Efficiency 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CI Compression Ignition 

CMAQ EPA’s Models-3/Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling System 

CNG Compressed Natural Gas 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

CTG Control Technique Guideline 

DV Design Value 

DVB Baseline Measured Concentration 

DVF Estimated Future Design Value 

DVMT Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled 

EGU Electric Generating Unit 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

FHWA Federal Highway Administration 

FHWA CMAQ Federal Highway Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality 

FIP Federal Implementation Plan 

FMVCP Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program 

FR Federal Register 

FY Fiscal Year 

GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 

HC Hydrocarbon 

HEDD High Electrical Demand Day 

hp Horsepower 

HOV High-Occupancy Vehicle 

ICI Industrial/Commercial/Institutional 

I/M Inspection and Maintenance 

ISO-NE Independent Systems Operator – New England 

LEV Low Emission Vehicle 

LPG Liquid Propane Gas 

MassDEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection 

MACT Maximum Available Control Technology 

MANE-VU Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union 

MARAMA Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association 
xv 

MHD Massachusetts Highway Department 

MISER Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research 

MM5 Mesoscale Meteorological Model 

MMBtu Million British Thermal Units 

MNGE Mean Normalized Gross Error 

MNB Mean Normalized Bias 

MOU Memorandum of Understanding 

MOBILE6.2 EPA’s On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Estimation Model 

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization 

MVEB Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets 

MW Megawatt 

MWh Megawatt Hour 

MWC Municipal Waste Combustor 

NAICS North American Industrial Code System 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

NARSTO North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone 

NEI National Emissions Inventory 

NIF NEI Input Format 

NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management 

NH3 Ammonia 

NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle Program 

NO Nitrogen Oxide 

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide 

NOx Oxides of Nitrogen

NONROAD EPA’s Non-Road Emissions Estimation Model 2005 Version 

NSR New Source Review 

NYSDEC New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 

OBD-II On-Board Diagnostics – Phase 2 

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 

ORVR Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery 

OTC Ozone Transport Commission 

OTAQ Office of Transportation and Air Quality (EPA) 

OTB On the Books (controls) 

OTB/W On the Books/On the Way (Post 2009 controls) 

OTR Ozone Transport Region 

PAMS Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station 

PEI Periodic Emission Inventory 

PFC Portable Fuel Container 

PM Particulate Matter 

PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 

or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers) 

PM10 Particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 

micrometers 

ppb Parts per billion 

ppm Parts per million 

PV Pressure Vacuum 

RACM Reasonably Available Control Measure 
xvi 

RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology 

RE/RP Rule Effectiveness/Rule Penetration 

RFG Reformulated Gasoline 

RFP Reasonable Further Progress 

RH Regional Haze 

RI Rhode Island 

ROP Rate of Progress 

RPO Regional Planning Organization 

RRF Relative Response Factor 

RRF Resource Recovery Facility 

RVP Reid Vapor Pressure

SCAQMD South Coast Air Management Quality District 

SI Spark Ignition 

SIP State Implementation Plan 

SLAMS/ State & Local Air Monitoring System and 

NAMS National Air Monitoring System 

SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions 

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide 

STIP Statewide Transportation Improvement Program 

SUV Sport Utility Vehicle 

TCM Transportation Control Measure 

TDM Travel Demand Model 

TIP Transportation Improvement Program 

TNMOC Total Non-Methane Organic Carbon 

TPSD Tons per summer day 

TPWD Tons per winter day 

TPY Tons per year 

TSD Technical Support Document 

UMD University of Maryland at College Park 

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency 

VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled 

VOC Volatile Organic Compound 

WOE Weight-of-Evidence