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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

This Public Health Statement is the summary 

chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Synthetic 

Vitreous Fibers. It is one in a series of Public Health 

Statements about hazardous substances and their 

health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQsTM, is 

also available. This information is important 

because these substances may harm you. The effects 

of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on 

the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, 

personal traits and habits, and whether other 

chemicals are present. For more information, call 

the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. 

This public health statement tells you about 

synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) and the effects of 

exposure to them. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in 

the nation. These sites are then placed on the 

National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for 

long-term federal clean-up activities. Synthetic 

vitreous fibers have not been detected in the 

1,647 current or former NPL sites. Although the 

total number of NPL sites evaluated for these 

substances is not known, the possibility exists that 

synthetic vitreous fibers may be found in the future 

as more sites are evaluated. This information is 

important because these sites may be sources of 

exposure and exposure to these substances may 

harm you. 

When a substance is released from a large area, 

such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such 

as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This 

release does not always lead to exposure. You are 

exposed to a substance only when you come in 

contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, 

eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. 

If you are exposed to synthetic vitreous fibers, 

many factors determine whether you'll be harmed. 

These factors include the dose (how much), the 

duration (how long), and how you come in contact 

with them. You must also consider the other 

chemicals you're exposed to and your age, sex, diet, 

family traits, lifestyle, and state of health. 

1.1 WHAT ARE SYNTHETIC VITREOUS 

FIBERS? 

Synthetic vitreous fibers are a group of fibrous 

inorganic materials that contain aluminum or 

calcium silicates and other trace oxides and metals, 

and are made from rock, slag, clay, or glass. These 

fibers differ from natural mineral fibers such as 

asbestos because they do not have a crystalline 

molecular structure. The randomly oriented 

molecular structure of synthetic vitreous fibers is 

called an amorphous structure. There are two broad 

categories of synthetic vitreous fibers: filaments 

and wools. The filaments consist of continuous 

glass filaments, while the wools are subdivided into 

glass wool, rock wool, slag wool, refractory ceramic 

fibers, and other types of newer fibers. The primary 

uses of synthetic vitreous fibers are for heat and 

sound insulating purposes, to reinforce other 

materials, and as filtration materials. Glass wools 

are some of the most widely used insulating 

materials in homes and buildings. The production 

and use of synthetic vitreous fibers has increased in 

recent years because these products are often used 

as a replacement for asbestos. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

A fiber is simply a long, slender particle. 

Technically, to be counted as a fiber, the particle 

must be at least 5 micrometers long (1 micrometer 

equals 1/1,000,000 of a meter and has the symbol 

μm), and have an aspect ratio of at least 3 to 1 or 

sometimes 5 to 1 (the aspect ratio is the ratio of a 

fiber’s length to its diameter). The diameter of a 

fiber is an important property because very thin 

fibers are more easily suspended in air than thick 

fibers, and they can be breathed in and deposited 

deep in the lungs. Only very thin fibers with 

diameters less than 3 μm are able to be breathed 

into the lower respiratory tract of humans. Thicker 

fibers are deposited on the mucous-lined surface of 

the upper respiratory tract, which includes the nose 

and mouth. The World Health Organization 

(WHO) counts respirable fibers as particles with 

lengths greater than 5 μm, diameters less than 3 μm, 

and aspect ratios ≥3:1. Depending upon the way 

that they are produced, fibers can have relatively 

large or small diameters. Generally speaking, glass 

wool, rock wool, slag wool, and refractory ceramic 

fibers have the smallest diameters, while continuous 

filament glass fibers have the largest diameters. 

1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO SYNTHETIC 

VITREOUS FIBERS WHEN THEY 

ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT? 

Synthetic vitreous fibers do not evaporate into air or 

dissolve in water. They are generally not broken 

down to other compounds in the environment and 

will remain virtually unchanged over long periods. 

Eventually, synthetic vitreous fibers will be broken 

down if the water or soil is very acidic or very 

alkaline. Fibers can enter the air, water, and soil 

from the manufacture, use, and disposal of synthetic 

vitreous fiber-containing materials. Fibers with 

small diameters become airborne more easily than 

thick fibers, and can be transported by wind for 

longer distances. Synthetic vitreous fibers are not 

likely to move through soil. 

1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO 

SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS? 

If materials containing synthetic vitreous fibers, 

such as insulation or ceiling boards in your home or 

where you work, are disturbed, synthetic vitreous 

fibers can become airborne. When these fibers 

become airborne, you can be exposed to low levels 

of synthetic vitreous fibers primarily by breathing 

air. Your skin and eyes can also be exposed to 

synthetic vitreous fibers if you install your own 

home insulation or come into contact with 

insulation in your home without using protective 

equipment such as gloves, protective glasses, or 

masks. 

The vast majority of exposure to synthetic vitreous 

fibers occurs to workers who produce or use 

synthetic vitreous fiber-containing products. 

Employees at manufacturing facilities where 

synthetic vitreous fibers products are produced, as 

well as workers who regularly install or come into 

contact with insulating material, are most frequently 

exposed to synthetic vitreous fibers. Workers 

involved in demolition work, as well as in building 

maintenance and repair, are potentially exposed to 

higher levels of synthetic vitreous fibers once these 

materials are disturbed. 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

1.4 HOW CAN SYNTHETIC VITREOUS 

FIBERS ENTER AND LEAVE MY 

BODY? 

If you breathe synthetic vitreous fibers, some will 

be deposited in the nasal and oral passages, and on 

the surfaces that line your lungs. Most fibers 

deposited in the nasal and upper lung airways are 

removed by being carried away in a layer of 

mucous to the throat, where they are swallowed into 

the stomach. This usually takes place within a few 

hours. Fibers deposited in the deepest parts of the 

lungs where gas exchange occurs are removed more 

slowly by special cells called macrophages. 

Macrophages can engulf the fibers and move them 

to the mucous layer and the larynx where they can 

be swallowed. Swallowed fibers and macrophages 

are excreted in the feces within a few days. 

Synthetic vitreous fibers deposited in the gas 

exchange area of the lungs also slowly dissolve in 

lung fluid. Fibers that are partially dissolved in 

lung fluid are more easily broken into shorter fibers. 

Shorter fibers are more easily engulfed by 

macrophages and removed from the lung than long 

fibers. Synthetic vitreous fibers dissolve more 

readily in the lung than asbestos fibers. Refractory 

ceramic fibers dissolve more slowly than most types 

of insulation (e.g., glass wools, stone wools, and 

slag wools). 

If you swallow synthetic vitreous fibers (by eating, 

drinking, or by swallowing fibers that have moved 

from nasal or lung airways to your larynx), nearly 

all of the fibers pass through your intestines within 

a few days and are excreted in the feces. 

If you get synthetic vitreous fibers on your skin or 

in your eyes, very few of these fibers, if any, pass 

through into your body. 

1.5 HOW CAN SYNTHETIC VITREOUS 

FIBERS AFFECT MY HEALTH? 

To protect the public from the harmful effects of 

toxic chemicals and to find ways to treat people 

who have been harmed, scientists use many tests. 

One way to see if a chemical will hurt people is to 

learn how the chemical is absorbed, used, and 

released by the body; for some chemicals, animal 

testing may be necessary. Animal testing may also 

be used to identify health effects such as cancer or 

birth defects. Without laboratory animals, scientists 

would lose a basic method to get information 

needed to make informed decisions to protect public 

health. Scientists have the responsibility to treat 

research animals with care and compassion. Laws 

today protect the welfare of research animals, and 

scientists must comply with strict animal care 

guidelines. 

Synthetic vitreous fibers can cause irritation of the 

eyes and skin known as “fiberglass itch.” They can 

also irritate the upper respiratory tract (the nose, 

throat) and parts of the lung, causing sore throat, 

nasal congestion, and cough. These effects usually 

go away with time. Because most people are not 

exposed to high levels of synthetic vitreous fibers, 

serious health effects are not expected to happen in 

most people. 

Most of the information regarding the possible 

effects of repeated exposure to synthetic vitreous 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

fibers in people comes from large studies of 

workers who make synthetic vitreous fibers. Very 

few effects were detected. A few workers who 

made refractory ceramic fibers had pleural plaques 

on the lining of their chests. These plaques did not 

seem to harm the workers. Other workers who 

smoked could not breathe quite as well as smokers 

who did not work with refractory ceramic fibers. 

Nonsmoking refractory ceramic fiber workers could 

breathe as well as other nonsmokers. This suggests 

that repeatedly breathing in refractory ceramic 

fibers from workplace air worsens the effects of 

smoking. Pleural plaques and decreased breathing 

ability have not been found in workers who made 

glass wool and stone wool. Other studies have 

found that the numbers of deaths from lung 

diseases, including lung cancer or mesothelioma, in 

groups of workers involved in the manufacture of 

glass wool, stone wool, or refractory ceramic fibers 

are not consistently different from what is found in 

the general U.S. population. Mesothelioma is a 

cancer of the membrane lining the lung. Increased 

risk for mesothelioma has been found in asbestos 

workers, but increased risks for this cancer have not 

been found in workers involved in the manufacture 

of synthetic vitreous fibers. 

Results from animal experiments show that when 

synthetic vitreous fibers or other inhaled dust 

particles are deposited in the deepest part of the 

lung in high numbers, the lung responds with a 

process called pulmonary inflammation. In this 

process, macrophage numbers in the lung increase 

so that they can engulf and move the fibers out of 

the lung. When high numbers of fibers are 

deposited, the macrophages can become clumped 

together. If pulmonary inflammation continues, the 

cells lining the lung may thicken from a process 

called bronchiolization. Bronchiolization may 

reduce the amount of oxygen that the body gets 

from the air during breathing. If exposure stops, 

deposited synthetic vitreous fibers slowly dissolve 

in the lung fluid or are moved out of the lung by the 

macrophages, and pulmonary inflammation 

disappears with time. 

Results from animal studies also show that 

repeatedly breathing high levels of some types of 

synthetic vitreous fibers may cause a slow buildup 

of scar-like tissue in the lungs and in the membrane 

surrounding the lungs. This scar-like tissue does 

not expand and contract like normal lung tissue, and 

breathing can become difficult. This condition is 

called pulmonary fibrosis. The types of synthetic 

vitreous fibers that cause this condition in animals 

stay in the lung for longer periods of time than the 

types that do not. They are called durable or 

biopersistent synthetic vitreous fibers. Results from 

animal studies also show that repeatedly breathing 

high levels of durable synthetic vitreous fibers may 

also cause cancer of the lung and mesothelioma. 

The most common types of glass wools, stone 

wools, or slag wools used for insulation are less 

durable than refractory ceramic fibers. In rat 

studies, they did not cause the severe lung effects 

caused by the more durable refractory ceramic 

fibers. 

Scientists studying pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, 

and mesothelioma in animals from durable synthetic 

vitreous fibers have shown that the development of 

these conditions depends on four factors: dose, 

duration, dimension, and durability. Dose is the 

amount of fibers deposited in the lung, and duration 

is the time period when exposure occurs. High 

doses and long durations of exposure are required 

for these conditions to develop. Dimension refers 

to the length and diameter of the fibers. Fibers with 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

diameters greater than about 3 μm are not inhaled 

into the deepest regions of the lungs. Fibers with 

lengths greater than about 15–20 μm are not 

engulfed by macrophages, and are more likely to 

lead to lung injury than shorter fibers that are more 

readily removed by macrophages. Durability refers 

to how readily a fiber dissolves in lung fluid. 

Different types of synthetic vitreous fibers have 

different durabilities due to differences in chemical 

makeup. Most synthetic vitreous fibers used as 

insulation in homes and buildings, such as 

fiberglass wools and stone wools, are more readily 

dissolved in lung fluid than are refractory ceramic 

fibers, which are used in insulation materials for 

furnaces. Long, durable fibers deposited in the gasexchange region of the lung can lead to long-term 

inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, or 

mesothelioma. 

Levels of synthetic vitreous fibers in outdoor air, 

indoor air, and in most workplaces are usually well 

below levels that caused reversible pulmonary 

inflammation in animals or levels of durable 

synthetic vitreous fibers that caused pulmonary 

fibrosis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma in animals. 

For example, levels of a refractory ceramic fiber 

that caused pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and 

mesothelioma in rats are about one million times 

higher than levels of synthetic vitreous fibers 

detected in outdoor air close to synthetic vitreous 

fiber manufacturing factories, or indoor air from 

buildings with fiberglass or stone wool insulation. 

The levels experienced by the diseased rats are 

about 50 times higher than levels of synthetic 

vitreous fibers in the most dusty workplaces where 

insulation containing synthetic vitreous fibers was 

removed or installed. 

In 2002, the International Agency for Research on 

Cancer (IARC) considered all of the evidence 

regarding the possible carcinogenicity of synthetic 

vitreous fibers. Much of the evidence was collected 

in the 1990s and was not available for earlier 

assessments made by the U.S. Department of Health 

and Human Services (DHHS). IARC determined 

that refractory ceramic fibers are possibly 

carcinogenic to humans because of their high 

biopersistence. IARC also determined that 

insulation glass wool, stone wool, and slag wool, 

and continuous filament glass were not classifiable 

as to carcinogenicity to humans because of 

inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans 

and the relatively low biopersistence of these 

materials. EPA has not assessed the potential 

carcinogenicity of glass wool, stone wool, slag 

wool, or continuous filament glass, but has 

classified refractory ceramic fibers as a probable 

human carcinogen. 

1.6 HOW CAN SYNTHETIC VITREOUS 

FIBERS AFFECT CHILDREN? 

This section discusses potential health effects from 

exposures during the period from conception to 

maturity at 18 years of age in humans. 

Because synthetic vitreous fibers are not absorbed 

into the body (when inhaled or ingested), it is 

unlikely that they would cause birth defects or be 

transferred in breast milk to nursing infants. 

Like adults, children who are exposed to synthetic 

vitreous fibers may experience irritation of the eyes, 

skin, and upper respiratory tract. Children breathe 

differently and have different lung structures than 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

do adults. It is not likely that these differences will 

cause a greater amount of synthetic vitreous fibers 

to stay in the lungs of children than in the lungs of 

adults. 

It is possible that exposure of young children to 

highly durable fibers could lead to pulmonary 

effects after very long latency periods. However, 

there is no evidence to support this possibility, and 

the durability of many types of synthetic vitreous 

fibers in the lung is low. This concern also has been 

raised for children exposed to asbestos fibers, which 

are more durable than synthetic vitreous fibers, but, 

as with synthetic vitreous fibers, there is inadequate 

evidence to support the idea that exposed young 

children may be at greater risk to develop 

pulmonary effects from durable fibers than are 

adults. 

1.7 HOW CAN FAMILIES REDUCE THE 

RISK OF EXPOSURE TO SYNTHETIC 

VITREOUS FIBERS? 

If your doctor finds that you have been exposed to 

significant amounts of synthetic vitreous fibers, ask 

whether your children might also be exposed. Your 

doctor might need to ask your state health 

department to investigate. 

Very low levels of synthetic vitreous fibers can be 

found in virtually all homes, buildings, and outside 

air, but there is little concern regarding these low 

levels. The most important way that families can 

lower their exposures to synthetic vitreous fibers is 

to be aware of the sources of synthetic vitreous 

fibers in their homes and avoid exposure to these 

sources. The most common source of synthetic 

vitreous fibers in a home is from insulating material 

that may be in your attic or walls. Damaged or 

deteriorating ceiling boards are another potential 

source. As long as the materials are not physically 

disturbed or breaking down, the levels of synthetic 

vitreous fibers in the air should be very low. 

Relatively high levels of airborne synthetic vitreous 

fibers have been detected during the installation of 

insulating materials in attics, but these levels 

decline rapidly in 1 or 2 days as airborne dust 

settles. If you are installing your own insulation, 

wear protective clothing and masks, and follow the 

recommendations provided by the manufacturer for 

installing this material. 

You can bring synthetic vitreous fibers home in the 

dust on your hands or clothes if you work in 

facilities that produce or use synthetic vitreous 

fibers, or install or remove materials with synthetic 

vitreous fibers. Your occupational health and safety 

(OHS) officer can and should tell you whether 

chemicals you work with are dangerous and likely 

to be carried home on your clothes, body, or tools. 

Your OHS officer can also tell you whether you 

should be showering and changing clothes before 

you leave work, storing your street clothes in a 

separate area of the workplace, or laundering your 

work clothes at home separately from other clothes. 

Your employer should have Material Safety Data 

Sheets (MSDSs) for many of the chemicals used at 

your place of work, as required by the Occupational 

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 

Information on these sheets should include chemical 

names and hazardous ingredients, important 

properties (such as fire and explosion data), 

potential health effects, how you get the chemical(s) 

in your body, how to handle the materials properly, 

and what to do in an emergency. Your employer is 

legally responsible for providing a safe workplace 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

and should freely answer your questions about 

hazardous chemicals. Either OSHA or your OSHAapproved state occupational safety and health 

program can answer any further questions and help 

your employer identify and correct problems with 

hazardous substances. OSHA or your OSHAapproved state occupational safety and health 

program will listen to your formal complaints about 

workplace health hazards and inspect your 

workplace when necessary. Employees have a right 

to safety and health on the job without fear of 

punishment. 

1.8 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO 

DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN 

EXPOSED TO SYNTHETIC VITREOUS 

FIBERS? 

No tests are specific for determining whether or not 

you have been exposed to synthetic vitreous fibers. 

Because synthetic vitreous fibers leave the body 

quickly, most nonspecific tests would not be very 

useful. A chest x-ray is a common method to 

determine if you have certain conditions, such as 

pleural plaques, lung or pleural fibrosis, lung 

tumors, or mesotheliomas, but x-rays cannot show 

the presence of fibers in the lung. 

1.9 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS 

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE 

TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH? 

The federal government develops regulations and 

recommendations to protect public health. 

Regulations can be enforced by law. Federal 

agencies that develop regulations for toxic 

substances include the Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration (OSHA), and the Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA). Recommendations provide 

valuable guidelines to protect public health but 

cannot be enforced by law. Federal organizations 

that develop recommendations for toxic substances 

include the Agency for Toxic Substances and 

Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH). 

Regulations and recommendations can be expressed 

in not-to-exceed levels in air, water, soil, or food 

that are usually based on levels that affect animals; 

they are then adjusted to help protect people. 

Sometimes these not-to-exceed levels differ among 

federal organizations because of different exposure 

times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day), the use 

of different animal studies, or other factors. 

Recommendations and regulations are also 

periodically updated as more information becomes 

available. For the most current information, check 

with the federal agency or organization that 

provides it. Some regulations and 

recommendations for synthetic vitreous fibers 

include the following: 

In 1999, a Health and Safety Partnership Program 

was established as a voluntary workplace safety 

program for workers involved in the manufacture, 

fabrication, installation, and removal of glass wool, 

rock wool, and slag wool products. The program 

was established as a result of negotiations between 

the OSHA, the North American Insulation 

Manufacturers Association, the National Insulation 

Association, and the Insulation Contractors 

Association of America. The program established a 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov 
 

 

 

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 

Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 

Division of Toxicology September 2004 

voluntary 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) 

permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 1 respirable 

fiber per cc of air. Under this agreement, respirable 

fibers are counted as particles with length greater 

than 5 μm, diameter less than 3 μm, and aspect ratio 

greater than or equal to 3:1. The agreement 

specifies that when the PEL is exceeded in a 

workplace (such as when insulation is blown into 

attics or removed), workers will wear NIOSH 

certified dust respirators. 

1.10 WHERE CAN I GET MORE 

INFORMATION? 

If you have any more questions or concerns, please 

contact your community or state health or 

environmental quality department, your regional 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission office, or contact 

ATSDR at the address and phone number below. 

ATSDR can also tell you the location of 

occupational and environmental health clinics. 

These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, 

and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to 

hazardous substances. 

Toxicological profiles are also available on-line at 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov and on CD-ROM. You may 

request a copy of the ATSDR ToxProfilesTM 

CD-ROM by calling the information and technical 

assistance toll-free number at 1-888-42ATSDR 

(1-888-422-8737), by email at atsdric@cdc.gov, or 

by writing to: 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

Division of Toxicology 

1600 Clifton Road NE 

 Mailstop F-32 

Atlanta, GA 30333 

 Fax: 1-770-488-4178 

For-profit organizations may request a copy of final 

profiles from the following: 

National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 

5285 Port Royal Road 

Springfield, VA 22161 

Phone: 1-800-553-6847 or 1-703-605-6000 

Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/ 

DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Telephone: 1-888-422-8737 Fax: 770-488-4178 E-Mail: atsdric@cdc.gov