07/11 Rule 74.19 : 1

VENTURA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

RULE 74.19 - GRAPHIC ARTS (Adopted 8/11/92, Revised 9/10/96, 4/10/2001, 11/11 /2003, 06/14/2011)

A. Applicability

The provisions of this rule apply to:

1. Any person who applies any ink, coating, adhesiv e, fountain solution, or solvent containing Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC) as part of a graphic arts operation.

2. Any person who manufactures or supplies any ink, coating, adhesive, fountain solution, or solvent containing ROC sold for use in a graphic arts operation in the

District.

B. Requirements

1. Inks, Coatings, and Adhesives: No person shall app ly the following inks, coatings, or adhesives with an ROC content in exces s of the following limits:

ROC Limits Grams of ROC per Liter (Pounds of ROC per Gallon) o f Coating, Ink, or Adhesive, Less Water and Exempt Organic Compounds

Category

Limits Inks 300 (2.5) Flexographic Inks on Porous Substrates 225 (1.88) Coatings 300 (2.5) Adhesives 150 (1.25)

For low-solids inks, coatings or adhesives, which h ave 120 grams per liter (1 pound per gallon) or less of solids, the ROC conten t is on a grams per liter of

material basis.

2. Fountain Solution: Until January 1, 2012, no p erson shall apply fountain solution

with an ROC content in excess of the following limi ts:
Limits Grams of ROC per Liter (Pounds of ROC per Gallon) o f Material

Effective Dates Category

Limits Fountain Solution 80 (0.67) Fountain Solution-Refrigerated 100 (0.83) The l00 g/l (0.83 lb/gal) limit shall only apply to refrigerated fountain solutions

that are cooled to 55 o F or less at the supply tank. A visible or easily accessible07/11 Rule 74.19 : 2 temperature readout shall be installed, and a senso r shall measure the fountain solution temperature at the supply tank connected t o the operating press.

Effective January 1, 2012, no person shall apply any fountain solution with an ROC Content in excess of any of the following limit s:

FOUNTAIN SOLUTION LIMITS

BY PRINTING METHOD LIMITS

ROC

CONTENT 1
(Percent by weight - applied LIMITS

ROC

CONTENT (Grams per

Liter - applied)

a. HEATSET WEB-FED OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING 1) If no refrigeration and contains alco hol: 1.6 16 2) If refrigerated below 55 o F and contains alcohol 3.0 30 3) If no alcohol in fountain solution 5. 0 50

b. NON-HEATSET WEB-FED OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING (Use of alcohol prohibited in this fo untain solution) 5.0 50

c. SHEET-FED LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING if maximum sheet size is greater than 11X17 inches or if tot al solution reservoir is greater than one gallon: 1) If no refrigeration and contains al cohol 5.0 50 2) If refrigerated below 55 o F and contains alcohol 8.5 85 3) If no alcohol in fountain solution 5.0 50

d. ALL OTHER PRESSES NOT LISTED ABOVE 1) If no refrigeration 8.0 80 2) If refrigerated below 55 o F 10.0 100

Any refrigerated chiller used shall be equipped w ith a visible or easily accessible

temperature gauge, and the sensor shall measure the fountain solution temperature at the supply tank connected to the operating press

.

Effective January 1, 2012, no person shall use an y fountain solution that contains

alcohol in any Non-Heatset web-fed offset lithograp hic printing operation.

1 The ROC Content of Fountain Solutions is based on the ROC weight divided by the full weight of the ap plied solution including any exempt compounds.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 3

3. Until January 1, 2012, no person shall use a s olvent to perform solvent cleaning

in excess of the applicable ROC content and ROC Com posite Partial Pressure

limits set forth below:

SOLVENT CLEANING ACTIVITY LIMITS

ROC g/l (lb/gal)

of Material LIMITS

ROC Composite

Partial Pressure mm Hg @ 20 o C a. Surface Preparation 70 (0.58) Not Applicable b. Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 50 (0.42) Not Applicable c. Cleaning of Coatings or Adhesives Application Equipment 950 (7.9) AND 33

d. Cleaning of Ink Application Equipment 1) General, unless listed below 100 (0.83) AND 3 2) Flexographic Printing a)Specialty Flexographic 810 (6.8) AND 21 b)Other Flexographic 100 (0.83) AND 3 3) Gravure Printing a)Publication 900 (7.5) AND 25 b)Packaging 100 (0.83) AND 3 4) Lithographic or Letter Press Printing a)Roller Wash - 300 (2.5) OR 10 b)Blanket Wash 300 (2.5) OR 10 c)Metering Roller Cleaner 300 (2.5) OR 25 d)Plate Cleaner 300 (2.5) OR 25 5) Radiation Curing Ink 800 (6.7) AND 3307/11 Rule 74.19 : 4

Effective January 1, 2012, no person shall use a s olvent to perform solvent cleaning in excess of the applicable ROC content li mits set forth below:

SOLVENT CLEANING ACTIVITY LIMITS ROC Content (as applied) Grams of ROC per Liter of Material

g/l (lb/gal) a. Surface Preparation of Substrate 25 (0.21) b. Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 25 (0.21)

c. Other Press Parts 25 (0.21) d. Cleaning of Coatings or Adhesives Application Equipment 25 (0.21)

e. Cleaning of Ink Application Equipment 1) General, unless listed below 25 (0.21) 2) Flexographic Printing a)Specialty Flexographic 100 (0.83) b)Other Flexographic 25 (0.21) 3) Gravure Printing a)Publication 100 (0.83) b)Packaging 25 (0.21) 4) Lithographic or Letter Press Printing a)Roller Wash 100 (0.83) b)Blanket Wash 100 (0.83) c)Metering Roller Cleaner 100 (0.83) d)Plate Cleaner 100 (0.83) e)Removable Press Compone nts 25 (0.21) 5) Radiation Curing Ink Removal 100 (0.83)

4. Cleaners Containing Methylene Chloride: No per son shall use a solvent for cleaning purposes if that cleaner contains any meth ylene chloride.

5. No person shall perform cleaning operations unl ess one of the following cleaning

devices or methods is used:

a. Wipe cleaning;

b. Remote reservoir cold cleaner;

c. Spray bottles or containers with a maximum capac ity of 16 fluid ounces from which solvents are applied without propellant- induced force;

d. Cleaning equipment utilizing a closable solvent container. The solvent container shall remain closed during cleaning opera tions, except when depositing and removing objects to be cleaned, and during non-operation, except when performing maintenance and repair to th e cleaning equipment.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 5 1) If a solvent flow method is used, the solvent sh all not be atomized.

2) If a solvent flushing method is used, the solven t shall be flushed through the system by pumping.

6. In lieu of complying with the requirements of S ubsection B.1, emissions of ROC,

excluding emissions from clean up operations, may b e controlled by an emission capture and control system, which reduces ROC emiss ions to the atmosphere, provided that:

a. During any period of continuous operation not to exceed 24 hours, the capture and control system shall have a combined ef ficiency of at least 85 percent, by weight, for publication gravure and at least 80 percent, by weight, for other types of printing operations; and

,

b. The collection system shall vent all drying oven exhaust to the control

device and shall have one or more inlets for collec tion of fugitive emissions; and,

c. ROC emissions are no greater than emissions if c ompliant inks, coatings, and adhesives as per Subsection B.1 were used; and,

d. During any period of operation of a thermal or c atalytic incinerator, combustion temperature shall be continuously monito red; and,

e. Written approval for such equipment, in the form of an Authority to Construct and Permit to Operate, is received from t he Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO).

7. All ROC-containing materials including used cle aning towels shall be stored in

closed containers that are nonabsorbent and do not leak.

8. Waste ROC materials shall be disposed of in a m anner consistent with Federal,

State, and local hazardous waste regulations.

9. The manufacturer of any ink, coating, adhesive, fountain solution, or solvent

subject to this rule shall include the following in formation on the product container or a data sheet supplied with the product :

a. Material name, manufacturer identification, spec ific mixing instructions (if applicable).

b. VOC content07/11 Rule 74.19 : 6 1) The VOC content of inks, coatings, and adhesive s expressed as

grams per liter (or pounds per gallon), less water and less exempt organic compounds. For low-solids inks, coatings o r adhesives, the VOC content is expressed as grams per liter of material.

2) The VOC content of fountain solutions and solv ents expressed as

grams per liter (or pounds per gallon) or percent b y weight of material, and if applicable, the recommended applic ation dilution

ratio.

c. Until January 1, 2012, the VOC composite partial pressure expressed as

mm HG at 20 o C, if applicable.

d. The density of the material expressed as grams per liter (or pounds per

gallon).

e. The solids content of all low-solids inks, coa tings or adhesives, expressed

as grams per liter (or pounds per gallon).

For the purposes of this Subsection, the term "VO C" is equivalent to the term

"ROC".

10. Prohibition of Specification: No person shall specify or require the use of any ink,

coating, adhesive, solvent cleaner, or fountain sol ution, in a graphic arts operation subject to the provisions of this rule that does no t meet the limits and requirements of this rule.

C. Exemptions

1. The requirements of Subsections B.1, B.2, B.3, a nd B.4 shall not apply to:

a. Any stationary source that emits less than 200 p ounds of ROC in every rolling period of 12 consecutive calendar months fr om graphic arts operations. Emissions from aerosol products, cold cleaners, and vapor degreasers shall not be included in this exemption determination. ROC emissions from graphic arts operations used exclusi vely for research, classroom instruction in schools, laboratory analys is, or determination of product quality and commercial acceptance shall not be included in this exemption determination.

b. Graphic arts operations used exclusively for res earch, classroom instruction in schools, laboratory analysis, or det ermination of product quality and commercial acceptance provided total em issions of ROC from such equipment are less than 200 pounds in any roll ing period of 12 consecutive calendar months from printing, coating, adhesive, and solvent cleaning operations.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 7

2. This rule shall not apply to:

a. Screen Printing, which is subject to Rule 74.19 .1.

b. Operations which apply any ROC containing ink, coating, or adhesive on

ceramic materials.

c. Circuitry Printing.

d. Operations using darkroom equipment associated with lithographic

printing plate making.

e. Operations which apply inks used to indicate th at sterilization has

occurred.

f. Digital Printing Operations.

g. Proof presses.

h. Prepress operations such as the cleaning or pro cessing of film processors,

color scanners, plate processors, film cleaning, an d plate developers.

i. Blanket repair materials used in containers of four ounces or less.

j. Aerosol coating products that are in complianc e with regulations and

requirements adopted by the California Air Resource s Board (California Code of Regulations Title 17, Subchapter 8.5, Secti on 94522).

k. Cleaning activities using Clean Air Solvents a s defined in Section G.9.

3. The solvent cleaning requirements of Subsection B.3 shall not apply to cleaning

solvents used to clean ultraviolet lamps and reflec tors, or electron beam

processors.

D. Recordkeeping Requirements.

Any person subject to this rule shall:

1. Maintain a current file for each ink, coating, a nd adhesive in use and in storage.

The file shall include a data sheet or material lis t that provides material name, manufacturer identification, applicable product cat egory from Subsection B.1, specific mixing instructions, and grams of ROC per liter (or pound of ROC per gallon) of coating (or ink or adhesive) less water and less exempt organic compounds, and grams of ROC per liter (or pounds of ROC per gallon) of

material.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 8

2. Maintain a current file for each fountain soluti on and cleaning solvent in use and in storage. The file shall include a data sheet or material list that provides material name, manufacturer identification, applica ble solvent cleaning activity from Subsection B.3 for each cleaning solvent, spec ific mixing instructions if any, and grams of ROC per liter (or pounds of ROC per ga llon) of material, and, if applicable until January 1, 2012, ROC composite par tial pressure. The required data sheets for fountain solutions shall provide th e ROC content, and minimum recommended dilution, which can be used to calcula te the ROC content percent by weight, as applied or ROC content, grams per lit er of material, applied.

3. Maintain records on a daily basis showing the am ount of inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, and solvents used. If only com pliant inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, and solvents are used, these re cords may be maintained on a monthly basis instead of a daily basis.

4. Any person claiming the exemption in subsections C.1.a. or C.1.b shall provide monthly records sufficient to substantiate this cla im, as follows:

a. Ink emission records shall be maintained using o ne of the following options and District-approved emission factors:

1) Group the quantity of all inks used and use the highest ROC content, and the minimum density,

2) Report process inks and pantone colors separatel y and:

a) Use the specific ROC content and density values for each process ink and the highest ROC and the minimum den sity for pantone inks; or

b) Use the highest ROC content and minimum density for both process and pantone inks.

3) Itemize each ink and pantone color and use the s pecific ROC content and density value for each.

For the purpose of subsection D.4.a, "minimum de nsity" means the lowest

weight per unit volume for inks in a reported group , or the default value of 1.01 kilograms per liter (8.44 pounds per gallon) w here minimum density

is unknown.

b. Coating, adhesive, fountain solution, and solven t emission records shall be maintained by itemizing each coating, adhesive, fou ntain solution, and solvent and using the specific ROC content and dens ity value for each.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 9

5. If compliance is achieved through the use of em ission control equipment maintain

daily records of key system operating parameters fo r emission control equipment as specified in the Permit to Operate.

6. Inventory, usage, and emission control equipment operation records shall be retained for a minimum of two years and shall be ma de available to District Personnel upon request.

E. Test Methods

1. Measurement of the ROC and/or solids content of inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, and solvents, except publicatio n gravure inks shall be conducted and reported in accordance with EPA Refer ence Method 24, Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Con tent, Density, Volume Solids and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings, and S CAQMD Method 303-91, Determination of Exempt Compounds, Revised February 1993 (EPA Approved August 1996), for determination of exempt compounds as necessary.

2. Measurement of the ROC content of publication gravu re inks shall be conducted and reported in accordance with EPA Reference Metho d 24A, Publication Rotogravure Inks and Coatings, and SCAQMD Method 30 3-91, Determination of Exempt Compounds, Revised February 1993 (EPA Approv ed August 1996) for determination of exempt compounds as necessary.

3. If applicable, measurement of the ROC content of ultraviolet-cured inks shall be determined using ASTM Method D5403-93(2007) (EPA Ap proved 1993), Standard Test Methods for Density of Liquid Coating s, Inks, and Related Products. This method determines the ROC weight pe rcent of inks designed to be cured by ultraviolet light. Calculation of the ROC content in grams per liter requires knowing the ink density. The density of i nks shall be determined using ASTM D1475-98, Standard Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products (EPA Approved 1990).

4. Until January 1, 2012, ROC composite pressure sh all be calculated using a widely accepted published source such as: Boublik, T., V. Fried and E. Hala, "The Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances," Elsevier Scientific P ublishing Co., New York (1973), Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, McGra w-Hill Book Company, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rub ber Publishing Company (1986-87), and Lange's Handbook of Chemistr y, John A. Dean, editor, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1985). The true vapor pr essure of a component in a solvent mix may be determined by ASTM Method D287 9-97, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope. The ROC co mposite pressure of a solvent mix consisting entirely of ROC may be deter mined by ASTM Method

D2879-97.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 10

5. The capture and control efficiency of air pollu tion control equipment shall be

determined as specified in U.S.EPA’s "Guidelines fo r Determining Capture Efficiency," January 9, 1995, and 40 CFR 51, Appen dix M, Methods 204-204F as applicable. Destruction efficiency, measured and c alculated as carbon, shall be determined by 40 CFR 60, Appendix A-6, Method 18, o r Appendix A-7, Methods 25, or 25A or by ARB Method 422.

6. The ROC content of any cyanoacrylate adhesive sh all be determined using SCAQMD Test Method 316B Revised August 1997: "Dete rmination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Adhesives Containing Cya noacrylates (EPA Approved August 1997).

7. The alcohol content of any fountain solution sha ll be determined using SCAQMD Test Method 313-91, Revised February 1997, “Determi nation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrom etry (GC/MS) (EPA Approved June 1993).

8. When more than one test method or set of test me thods are specified for any testing, noncompliance with any requirement of this rule established by any one of the specified test methods or set of test methods s hall constitute a violation of this

rule.

F. Violations

Failure to comply with any provision of this rule, including recordkeeping requirements,

shall constitute a violation of this rule.

G. Definitions

1. "Adhesive": A material that is applied for the primary purpose of bonding two

surfaces together by surface attachment. Adhesive used in a graphic arts operation such as in the binding or laminating of magazines, books, or other printed

materials.

2. “Aerosol Coating Product”: Any pressurized coa ting product containing pigments

or resins that dispenses product ingredients by mea ns of a propellant, and is packaged in a disposable can for hand-held applicat ion.

3. “Alcohol”: An organic chemical known as a mono hydric alcohol, in which one

hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to a carbon atom in place of a hydrogen atom. Common examples include, are not limited to, methan ol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and pentanol.

4. “Blanket”: Any rubber or synthetic rubber mat used in offset-lith ography to transfer or "offset" an image from a planographic printing p late to paper or other substrate.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 11

5. “Blanket Repair Material”: The material used in offset printing to correct low spots

in the press blanket.

6. "Blanket Wash": Solvent used to clean the rubb er-surface fabric used to transfer

the image from the plate to the substrate.

7. "Blower": A unit, mounted on a web printing pre ss, that sets and dries nonheatset

ink by using unheated ambient air to accelerate the oxidation of the solvent
components.

8. “Circuitry Printing”: Printing on circuit boar ds, membrane switches, or other

electronic circuitry.

9. “Clean Air Solvent”: A solvent certified by the South Coast Air Quality Management District as a Clean Air Solvent as defin ed by SCAQMD Rule 102.

10 "Coating": A layer of material applied to a sub strate in a relatively unbroken film to perform a protective or decorative function.

11. “Combined Efficiency”: The efficiency of an ap proved emission control system, measured by the collection system’s capture efficie ncy multiplied by the destruction or control efficiency of the control de vice, expressed as a percentage.

12. “Digital Printing Operations”: Operations usin g a digital printer that uses digital data to control the deposition of ink, toner or dye to create images. Digital print operations include, but are not limited to, the fol lowing technologies: inkjet, thermography, electrophotography, and magnetography

.

13. "Exempt Organic Compounds": Shall be as defin ed in Rule 2 of these rules.

14. "Flexographic Printing": A printing method that uses a raised image carrier on a

flexible printing roll to apply words, designs, or pictures onto a substrate. The roll is typically made of rubber or other elastomer ic materials. The portion of the

roll that is not raised is often referred to as the non-image area. Ink may be metered to the substrate by means of an anilox roll , which is usually constructed of a steel or aluminum core which is coated by an i ndustrial ceramic whose surface contains millions of very fine dimples, kno wn as cells.

15. "Fountain Solution": The solution applied to the image plate to maintain the

hydrophilic properties of the nonimage areas and to keep the nonimage area free from ink. Fountain solution is primarily water and contains at least one of the following materials: etchants such as mineral salt s, hydrophilic gums; or ROC

additives to reduce the surface tension of the wate r.

16. "Fugitive Emissions": Uncollected emissions o f VOC from any portion of the

printing, coating or laminating operation.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 12

17. "Grams of ROC per Liter of Coating (Ink or Adh esive), Less Water and Exempt

Compounds": The weight of ROC per combined volume of ROC and coating (ink or adhesive) solids as follows:

Grams of ROC per Liter of Coating (Ink or Adhesive ), Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds = W s - W w - W es V m - V w - V es

Where: W s = weight of volatile compounds in grams

W w = weight of water in grams

W es = weight of exempt compounds in grams

V m = volume of material in liters

V w = volume of water in liters

V es = volume of exempt compounds in liters

18. "Grams of ROC per Liter of Material": The weig ht of ROC per volume of

material as follows:

Grams of ROC per liter of material = W s - W w - W es V m

Where: W s = Weight of volatile compounds in grams

W w = Weight of water in grams

W es = Weight of exempt compounds in grams

V m = Volume of material in liters

19. "Graphic Arts": All screen, gravure, letterpr ess, flexographic, ink jet, and

lithographic printing processes or related coating or laminating processes.

20. "Graphic Arts Operation": Any packaging gravu re, publication gravure,

flexographic printing, screen printing, letterpress , ink jet, digital printing, or lithographic printing operation, or any associated cleaning, coating or laminating or adhesive operation to produce a printed product. These operations include printing application equipment, coating equipment, laminating equipment, flashoff areas, ovens, conveyors or other equipment in a n uninterrupted series with such operation.

21. "Gravure Printing": An intaglio printing meth od in which the ink is transferred

from minute etched wells on a plate to the substrat e, which is supported by an impression roller, with excess ink removed by a doc tor blade.

22. "Heater or Dryer": A device used to vaporize heatset inks.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 13

23. "Heatset Ink": A printing ink used on continu ous web-feed printing presses that

are equipped with dryers or ovens. The ink dries o r sets by heat-induced evaporation of the ink oils and subsequent chilling of the ink by chill rolls.

24. “Ink”: A pigmented and/or dyed liquid or past e used especially for printing or

other graphic arts operations.

25. "Ink Jet Printing": Printing methods where th e liquid ink is transferred at high

velocity through a small diameter opening(s) to a s olid substrate. Ink jet systems include, but are not limited to: Air-brush; Thermal -jet; Drop-on-demand using piezoelectric crystals; and Continuous with ink rec ycling.

26. "Lamination": A process of bonding two or more layers of material to form a single, multiple-layer sheet by using adhesive.

27. "Letterpress Printing": A printing method in which the image area is raised

relative to the nonimage area and the ink is transf erred to the paper directly from the image surface.

28. "Lithographic Printing": Printing by a planog raphic method in which the image

and non-image areas are on the same plane and are c hemically differentiated. This printing process differs from other printing p rocesses where the image is typically printed from a raised or recessed surface

.

29. "Low-Solids Inks, Coatings or Adhesives": Any product that contains 120 grams or less of solids per liter (1 pound or less of sol ids per gallon) of material.

30. "Maintenance Cleaning": A solvent cleaning op eration or activity carried out to

keep general work areas, tools, machinery or equipm ent excluding application equipment, in clean and good operational condition.

31. "Metering Roller": A roller used to meter the fountain solution to the printing

plate in a continuous contacting dampening system o n a lithographic printing

press.

32. "Nonheatset Ink": Printing ink that sets and dries by absorption into the substrate,

and hardens by ambient air oxidation that may be ac celerated by the use of infrared, ultraviolet, or electron-beam radiation b ut does not involve the use of heat from dryers or ovens.

33. "Nonporous Substrate": A substrate whose surf ace prevents penetration by water, including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, po lypropylene, cellophane, metalized polyester, nylon, or mylar. Any paper-li ke substrate, including cardboard or paperboard, that is coated with a nonp orous material shall be considered a nonporous substrate.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 14

34. “Offset Lithographic Printing”: A planographi c method in which the image and

non-image areas are on the same plane. Typically, the ink is offset from a plate to a rubber blanket, and then from the blanket to the substrate.

35. “Other Press Parts”: Any press parts that do n ot come into contact with inks, adhesives, or coatings. Other press parts include, but are not limited to, pressure rollers, motors, and belts. Rollers, blankets, met ering rollers, fountains, impression cylinders and plates shall not be consid ered as other press parts.

36. "Oven": A heating chamber which uses heat, ult raviolet (UV) radiation, or electron beam (EB) radiation to bake, cure, polymer ize, or dry a surface coating.

37. "Packaging Gravure": Gravure printing on pape r, paperboard, foil, film or other

substrates which are to be used to produce containe rs or packages.

38. "Pantone Color": A printing ink created for c olor matching by combination of

process inks.

39. "Porous Substrate": Any surface or substrate t hat is permeable to water including but not limited to paper, cardboard, paperboard and any paper product that is coated with a porous material.

40. “Prepress Operations”: Any operation associate d with printing plate making including but not limited to, film photo processors and plate photo processors, color scanners, film cleaning, or plate developers.

41. "Printing Ink": Any fluid or viscous composit ion used in printing, impressing, or

transferring an image onto a substrate.

42. “Printing Plates”: Printing processes such as offset lithography use printing plates

to transfer an image to paper or other substrates. The plates may be made of metal, plastic, rubber, paper, and other materials. The im age is put on the printing plates using photomechanical, photochemical, or laser engr aving processes. The image may be positive or negative.

43. "Process Ink": The hues: yellow, magenta, and cyan, plus black used in the fourcolor print process.

44. “Proof Press”: A press that is used only fo r the sole purpose of printing a sample

copy of a graphic art product to check the quality of the print, color reproduction

and editorial content.

45. "Publication Gravure": Gravure printing on pa per which is subsequently formed

into books, magazines, catalogues, brochures, direc tories, newspaper supplements or other types of printed material.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 15

46. "Radiation Curing ": The use of electronic ra diation to polymerize or cure

specially-formulated inks, coatings, or adhesives o n a substrate. Electron Beam and ultraviolet light are radiation curing methods used in graphic arts operations. 47. “Reactive Organic Compound (ROC)”: As defined in Rule 2. ROC and VOC are

identical and may be used interchangeably.

48. "Remote Reservoir Cold Cleaner": A device in which solvent is pumped through

a sink-like work area for cleaning parts and drains immediately, without forming a pool, through a single drain hole less than 100 squ are centimeters (15.5 sq. in.) in

area into an enclosed container which is not access ible for soaking parts.

49. “Removable Press Component”: Any part, compon ent, or accessory of a press

that is physically attached to the press and does c ome into contact with ink, which is removed from the press prior to being cleaned. Rollers, blankets, metering rollers, fountains, impression cylinders and plates shall not be considered as removable press components.

50. "Repair Cleaning": A solvent cleaning operati on or activity carried out during a

repair process.

51. “Repair process”: The process of returning a damaged object or an object not operating properly to good condition.

52. ROC Composite Partial Pressure": The sum of t he partial pressures of the

compounds defined as ROCs. ROC composite partial p ressure is calculated as

follows: 

## ( ) ( ) ( )

PP W VP

MW

W

MW W

MW W

MW c i i

i i n

w

w e

e

e n i

i i n =       + 

     + 

     =

= = 

# ∑ ∑ ∑ 1

1 1 Where:

W i = Weight of the "i"th ROC compound, in grams

W w = Weight of water, in grams

W e = Weight of the "e"th exempt organic compound, in grams MW i = Molecular weight of the "i"th ROC compound, in g /(g-mole)

MW w = Molecular weight of water, in g/(g-mole)

MW e = Molecular weight of the "e"th exempt organic com pound, in g/(g-mole)

PP c = ROC composite partial pressure at 20 C, in mm Hg

VP i = Vapor pressure of "i"th ROC compound at 20C, in mm Hg.

53. "ROC-Containing Materials": Inks, coatings, o r adhesives; materials used for

cleanup or of inks, coatings, or adhesives; materia ls used for removal of adhesives; solvent, paper and cloth, and waste cont aining, impregnated with, coated with, or mixed with Reactive Organic Compoun ds.

54. "Roller Wash": Solvent used to clean the meta l ink rollers on a printing press.07/11 Rule 74.19 : 16

55. "Screen Printing": A process where the printi ng ink passes through a web or a

fabric to which a refined form of stencil has been applied. The stencil openings determine the form and dimensions of the imprint.

56. “Sheet-Fed Printers”: Any printer that proces ses single individual sheets of

material one at a time instead of a continuous roll of input material.

57. “Solvent Cleaning”: The use of any solvent to remove uncured adhesives,

uncured inks, uncured coatings, or contaminants fro m a substrate.

58. "Solvent Flushing": The use of a solvent to r emove uncured adhesives, uncured

inks, uncured coatings, or contaminants from the in ternal surfaces and passages of the equipment by flushing solvent through the equip ment.

59. "Specialty Flexographic Printing": Flexograph ic printing on polyethylene or

polypropylene food packaging, fertilizer bags, or l iquid-tight food containers.

60. "Sterilization Indicating Inks": Inks that ch ange color to indicate that sterilization

has occurred. Such inks are used to monitor the st erilization of medical instruments, autoclave efficiency and the thermal p rocessing of foods for prevention of spoilage.

61. “Substrate”: Any surface of any material that is the designated recipient of any

ink, coating, or adhesive.

62. "Surface Preparation": The removal of contamin ants such as dust, soil, oil, grease,

etc., from a substrate prior to coating, adhesive, or ink applications.

63. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)": Shall hav e the same meaning as Reactive

Organic Compounds (ROC) as defined in Rule 2 of the se Rules.

64. “Web-Fed”: An automatic system which supplies substrate from a continuous

roll, or from an extrusion process.

65. "Wipe Cleaning": The method of cleaning a surf ace by physically rubbing it with a material or device such as a rag, paper, brush or cotton swab moistened with a

solvent.