89. Section 86.101 is revised to read as follows: 

§ 86.101 General applicability. 

(a) General provisions. This subpart describes test procedures for measuring exhaust, 

evaporative, and refueling emissions from motor vehicles subject to emission standards under 

subpart S of this part. This generally includes light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and 

complete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR. The following provisions 

apply for all testing under this subpart: 

(1) Provisions of this subpart apply to tests performed by both the Administrator and 

manufacturers. 

(2) References in this subpart to engine families and emission control systems are deemed to 

apply to durability groups and test groups as applicable. 

(3) Except as noted, heavy-duty vehicles are subject to all the same provisions of this subpart 

that apply to light-duty trucks. 

(4) The procedures in this subpart apply for testing vehicles powered by any fuel, except as 

specified in subpart S of this part. 

(5) All emission control systems designed for production vehicles must be functioning during 

testing. Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure must be authorized in 

accordance with §86.1834. 

(6) Evaporative emission measurement procedures of this subpart include specifications for 

testing methanol-fueled vehicles. For vehicles fueled with other oxygenated fuels, use good 

engineering judgment to apply these procedures. For example, if you are testing an ethanolfueled vehicle, measure and perform diagnostics in your evaporative emission enclosure with 

ethanol and propane.

(7) For exhaust emissions testing with low level ethanol-gasoline blends less than 25% 

ethanol by volume, if using the NMHC to NMOG conversion factors described in 40 CFR 

1066.665(c) instead of measurng oxygenates as described in 40 CFR 1066.665(a), you do not 

have to follow any of the ethanol-gasoline blend specific test procedure or diagnostic 

requirements in Part 86.

(b) Migration to 40 CFR part 1066. This subpart transitions to rely on the test procedure 

specifications in 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066 as follows: 

(1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in 

paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both. 

For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the manufacturer's selected 

procedures for determining road load parameters and applying acceptable duty-cycle speed 

tolerance criteria. For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using either of the 

specified procedures. As allowed under this part, manufacturers may use carryover data 

from previous model years to demonstrate compliance with emission standards, without 

regard to the provisions of this section. 

(2) Manufacturers must use the following procedures before model year 2022: 

(i) For vehicles certified to any of the Tier 3 emission standards specified in subpart S of 

this part, determine overall driver accuracy based on driven cycle energy as described in 

40 CFR 1066.430(j). 

(ii) The equipment specifications and measurement procedures specific to PM emissions 

from 40 CFR part 1066 apply for any vehicles certified to the Tier 3 PM emission 

standards specified in subpart S of this part. 

Deleted: calibrate 

Deleted: cycle-verification 

Comment [CAL1]: Make sure that subpart S calls 

out the reporting of this information. 

Deleted: verify 

Deleted: and report information 

Deleted: related 
(3) For model years 2022 and later, manufacturers must use the test procedures specified in 

paragraph (d) of this section. 

(c) Interim procedures. Test vehicles as described in this subpart for the appropriate model year, 

through model year 2021, as follows: 

(1) Sections 86.106 through 86.115 set forth general testing specifications and equipment 

requirements. Sections 86.116 through 86.126 discuss calibration methods and frequency. 

Sections 86.127 through 86.145 describe procedures for measuring exhaust and evaporative 

emissions. Sections 86.146 through 86.157 lay out refueling test procedures. Sections 

86.158 through 86.166 cover procedures related to the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure 

and testing related to air conditioning systems. The test procedure for measuring fuel system 

leaks is described in 40 CFR 1066.840. 

(2) Alternate equipment, procedures, and calculation methods may be used if shown to yield 

equivalent or superior results, and if approved in advance by the Administrator. 

(d) Long-term procedures. Test vehicles as described in this subpart and in 40 CFR parts 1065 

and 1066 as follows: 

(1) Use fuel for testing and service accumulation as specified in §86.113. 

(2) For exhaust emission testing, measure emissions for all pollutants with an applicable 

emission standard. Calculate emission results as described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart G. 

(3) The test sequence for the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) includes steps to precondition 

vehicles for evaporative emission measurements; these steps are required for exhaust testing 

whether or not testing includes evaporative emission measurements. 

(4) Perform evaporative emission tests as follows: 

(i) Use evaporative testing equipment meeting the specifications in §86.107. This 

equipment must meet calibration requirements as specified in §86.117. 

(ii) Generate fuel test temperature profiles as described in §86.129-94(d). 

(iii) Follow the general provisions and driving schedules described in 40 CFR part 1066, 

subpart I. Evaporative testing consists of vehicle preconditioning as described in § 

86.132, diurnal measurement as described in §86.133, running loss testing as described in 

§86.134, and hot soak testing as described in §86.138. 

(iv) Calculate emission results as described in §86.143. 

(v) Test fuel systems for leaks as described in 40 CFR 1066.840. 

(5) Keep records as described in §86.142 

(6) Perform refueling emission tests, calculate emission results, and keep associated records 

as described in §86.146 through 86.157. 

101. Section 86.117-96 is amended by revising the introductory text and paragraphs (c)(1)(vii) 

and (c)(1)(ix) to read as follows: 

§ 86.117-96 Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations. 

The calibration of evaporative emission enclosures consists of three parts: initial and periodic 

determination of enclosure background emissions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial 

determination of enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol retention 

check and calibration. Ethanol retention checks may be performed instead of methanol retention 

checks. Alcohol retentions may be omitted if no alcohol -fueled vehicles will be tested in the 

evaporative enclosure. For evaporative and refueling emissions testing with low level ethanolgasoline blends less than 25% ethanol by volume, if using the total hydrocarbon equivalent 

factor(s) described in 86.1813-17(a)(1)(iv) instead of measuring ethanol, you do not have to 

Deleted: , 
follow any of the ethanol-gasoline blend specific test procedure or diagnostic requirements in 

Part 86. Alternate calibration methods may be used if shown to yield equivalent or superior 

results, and if approved in advance by the Administrator; specifically, more extreme 

temperatures may be used for determining calibration without affecting the validity of test 

results. 

* * * * * 

(c) Hydrocarbon and methanol (organic gas) retention check and calibration. The hydrocarbon 

and methanol (if the enclosure is used for methanol-fueled vehicles) retention check provides a 

check upon the calculated volume and also measures the leak rate. The enclosure leak rate shall 

be determined prior to its introduction into service, following any modifications or repairs to the 

enclosure that may affect the integrity of the enclosure, and at least monthly thereafter. Using 

good engineering judgment, the methanol retention only needs to be performed upon initial 

installation and after major maintenance. If six consecutive monthly retention checks are 

successfully completed without corrective action, the enclosure leak rate may be determined 

quarterly thereafter as long as no corrective action is required. 

(1) * * * 

(vii) Inject into the enclosure 0.5 to 1.0 grams of pure methanol at a recommended temperature 

of at least 150 °F (65 °C) and/or 0.5 to 1.0 grams of pure propane at lab ambient temperature. 

The injected quantity may be measured by volume flow or by mass measurement. The method 

used to measure the quantity of methanol and propane must have an accuracy of ±0.5 percent of 

the measured value (less accurate methods may be used with the advance approval of the 

Administrator). 

* * * 

(ix) To verify the enclosure calibration, calculate the mass of propane and the mass of methanol 

using the measurements taken in paragraphs (c)(1)(vi) and (viii) of this section. See paragraph 

(d) of this section. This quantity must be within ±2 percent of that measured in paragraph 

(c)(1)(vii) of this section for propane and ±5 percent for methanol. Evaluate long-term trends 

using good engineering judgment to minimize measurement bias. Keep records to document 

such evaluations and make them available to EPA upon request. 

* * * * * 

120. Subpart C is revised to consist of §§ 86.201 and 86.213 to read as follows: 

Subpart C—Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New 

Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; 

Cold Temperature Test Procedures 

§ 86.201 General applicability. 

(a) Vehicles are subject to cold-testing requirements as described in subpart S of this part and 40 

CFR part 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine fuel 

economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710. See §86.101 for 

guidelines regarding transitioning to 40 CFR part 1066.

(b) Manufacturers may certify vehicles based on data collected according to previously published 

cold-testing procedures for model years through 2021. In addition, we may approve the use of 

previously published cold-testing procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure 

under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). 

(c) Section 86.213 describes special provisions related to test fuel specifications. 

Deleted: (The methanol check can be performed 

less frequently, provided it is performed at least 

twice annually.

Deleted: )

Deleted: * * *¶

Deleted: 5 

Deleted: using carryover data 
144. Section 86.1801-12 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) through (d) and adding 

paragraphs (e) and (f) to read as follows:

§ 86.1801-12 Applicability. 

(a) Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to certain types of new vehicles as 

described in this paragraph (a). Where the provisions apply for a type of vehicle, they apply for 

vehicles powered by any fuel. In some cases, manufacturers of heavy-duty engines and vehicles 

can choose whether to meet the requirements of this subpart or the requirements of subpart A of 

this part; those provisions are therefore considered optional, but only to the extent that 

manufacturers comply with the other set of requirements. In cases where a provision applies 

only to a certain vehicle group based on its model year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, or 

other distinguishing characteristics, the limited applicability is cited in the appropriate section. 

References in this subpart to 40 CFR part 86 generally apply to Tier 2 and older vehicles, while 

references to 40 CFR part 1066 generally apply to Tier 3 and newer vehicles; see 40 CFR 86.101 

for detailed provisions related to this transition.

The provisions of this subpart apply to certain vehicles as follows: 

(1) The provisions of this subpart apply for light-duty vehicles, and light-duty trucks, 

(2) The provisions of this subpart apply for medium-duty passenger vehicles. The provisions 

of this subpart also apply for other complete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds 

GVWR, except as follows: 

(i) The provisions of this subpart are optional for diesel-cycle vehicles through model 

year 2018. 

(ii) The onboard diagnostic requirements in this subpart do not apply if engines meet the 

onboard diagnostic requirements specified in §86.007-17. 

(iii) Greenhouse gas emission standards apply as specified in 40 CFR parts 1036 and 

1037 instead of the standards specified in this subpart. 

(3) The provisions of this subpart generally do not apply to incomplete heavy-duty vehicles 

or to complete vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR (see subpart A of this part and 40 CFR 

part 1037). However, this subpart applies to such vehicles in the following cases: 

(i) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR may be optionally 

certified to the exhaust emission standards in this subpart that apply for complete heavyduty vehicles. 

(ii) The evaporative and refueling emission standards apply for incomplete heavy-duty 

vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR starting with model year 2018. Evaporative 

emission standards also apply for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR as specified in 

40 CFR part 1037. 

(iii) The onboard diagnostic requirements in this subpart do not apply for vehicles above 

14,000 pounds GVWR; these requirements apply for incomplete vehicles at or below 

14,000 pounds GVWR only if the installed engine does not meet the onboard diagnostic 

requirements specified in §86.007-17. 

(b) Relationship to subpart A of this part. Unless specified otherwise, if heavy-duty vehicles are 

not subject to provisions of this subpart or if manufacturers choose not to meet optional 

provisions of this subpart as described in paragraph (a) of this section, the engines installed in 

those vehicles must meet the corresponding requirements under subpart A of this part. If a 

vehicle and its installed engine comply with a mix of provisions from this subpart and from 
subpart A of this part, the vehicle must be certified under this subpart, and the engine does not 

need to be certified separately. 

(c) Clean alternative fuel conversions. The provisions of this subpart also apply to clean 

alternative fuel conversions as defined in 40 CFR 85.502 of all vehicles described in paragraph 

(a) of this section. 

(d) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are available for small-volume 

manufacturers as described in §86.1838. 

(e) You. The term “you” in this subpart refers to manufacturers subject to the emission standards 

and other requirements of this subpart.

(f) Vehicle. The term “vehicle”, when used generically, does not exclude any type of vehicle for 

which the regulations apply (such as light-duty trucks). 

* * * * * 

145. Section 86.1803-01 is amended as follows: 

a. By removing the definition for “Certification Short Test (CST)”. 

b. By adding definitions for “Class 2b” and “Class 3” in alphabetical order. 

c. By revising the definitions for “Family emission limit (FEL)”, “Heavy-duty vehicle”, and 

“Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)”. 

d. By adding definitions for “LEV III” and “Low-altitude conditions” in alphabetical order. 

e. By removing the definition for “Low altitude conditions”. 

f. By adding a definition for “Rated power” in alphabetical order. 

g. By removing the definition for “Round, rounded or rounding”. 

h. By adding definitions for “Round (rounded, rounding)”, “Section 177 states”, “Tier 3”, 

and “United States” in alphabetical order. 

i. By revising the definition for “U.S. sales”. 

j. By adding definitions for “Volatile liquid fuel” and “We (us, our)” in alphabetical order. 

157. Section 86.1811-04 is amended by removing and reserving paragraph (h) and revising 

paragraphs (j) and (n) to read as follows: 

§ 86.1811-04 – Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles.

* * * * * 

(j) Highway NO X exhaust emission standard. The NOx emissions measured on the federal 

Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR part 600, subpart B, must not be greater than 1.33 times 

the applicable FTP NOx standard to which the manufacturer certifies the test group. Both the 

measured emissions and the product of the NOx standard and 1.33 must be rounded to the nearest 

0.01 g/mi before being compared. 

* * * * * 

(n) Requirements for vehicles with rechargeable energy storage systems. Manufacturers must 

test electric vehicles according to the procedures specified in SAE J1634 (incorporated by 

reference in § 86.1). Manufacturers must measure emissions from hybrid electric vehicles 

(including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) as described in 40 CFR 1066 subpart F, except that 

these procedures do not apply for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles during charge-depleting 

operation, 

* * * * * 

Deleted: revising 

Deleted: according to the procedures specified in 

SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in §86.1)