1 APPENDIX C

Summary of Submitted Ecological Effects Data (Excluding Bees)

Fish: Acute Toxicity Sulfoxaflor is classified as practically non

- toxic on an acute basis, with 96

- h LC 50 values of >400 mg ai /L for all three freshwater fish species tested (bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus ; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ; and common carp, Cyprinus carpio ; MRID 47832112, 47832111, and 47832113, respectively). Mortality was 5% or less at the highest test treatm ents in each of these studies. Treatment

- related sublethal effects included discoloration at the highest test treatment (100% of fish at 400 mg ai/L for bluegill) and fish swimming on the bottom (1 fish at 400 mg ai/L for rainbow trout). No other treatme nt

related sublethal effects were reported. For a saltwater species (sheepshead minnow, MRID 47832110), sulfoxaflor was also practically non

- toxic with an LC 50 of 288 mg ai/L. Sublethal effects included loss of equilibrium or lying on the bottom at 200 a nd 400 mg ai/L. The primary degradate of sulfoxaflor (X11719474) is also classified as practically non

- toxic to rainbow trout (LC 50 > 500 mg ai/L; MRID 47832105).

Fish: Chronic Toxicity Adverse effects from chronic exposure to sulfoxaflor were examined wi th two fish species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, MRID 47832126; and sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus ; MRID 47832129) during early life stage tests. For fathead minnow, the 30

- d NOAEC is 5 mg ai/L based on a 30% reduction in mean fish weig ht relative to controls at the next highest concentration (10 mg ai/L). No statistically significant (and treatment

- related) effects were reported for hatching success, fry survival and length. For sheepshead minnow, the 30

- d NOAEC is 1.3 mg ai/L based o n a statistically significant reduction in mean length (3% relative to controls) at 2.5 mg ai/L. No statistically significant (and treatment

- related) effects were reported for hatching success, fry survival and mean weight.

Invertebrates: Acute Toxicity The acute toxicity of sulfoxaflor was evaluated for one freshwater species (waterflea, Daphnia magna ) and two saltwater species (mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia and eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica ).

For D. magna , the 48

- h EC 50 is > 400 mg ai/L, the highest concentration tested. The NOAEC is 100 mg ai/L based on 15% and 20% immobilization at 200 and 400 mg ai/L. For eastern oyster, new shell growth was significantly reduced at 120 and 200 mg ai/L (75% and 85% reduction relative to control, respective ly). The 96

- h EC 50 for shell growth is 93 mg ai/L and the NOAEC is 72 mg ai/L. No mortality occurred at any test concentration. Mysid shrimp are the most acutely sensitive invertebrate species tested with sulfoxaflor, with a 96

- h LC 50 of 0.67 mg ai/L. The NOAEC from this study is 0.40 mg ai/L with no sublethal effects observed on surviving mysids. The primary degradate of sulfoxaflor (X11719474) is also classified as practically non

- toxic to D. magna (EC 50 > 240 mg ai/L; MRID 47832106).

The toxicity o f sulfoxaflor to benthic invertebrates via sediment exposure was investigated for larvae of the freshwater chironomid, Chironomus dilutus (MRID 47832109). Following 10 days exposure to sulfoxaflor administered in spiked sediments, 43% and 0% survival was o bserved at mean sediment concentrations of 0.17 and 0.36 mg ai/kg dry sediment, respectively and the 96

- h LC 50 is calculated as 0.161 mg TRR/kg dry sediment. Survival in all other treatments (0.025 to 0.09 mg ai/kg dry sediment and controls) was 93% or gr eater. The NOAEC based on reduction in dry weight is 0.0488 mg TRR/kg dry sediment, with 31% reduction in mean dry weight occurring in the next highest treatment (0.09 mg TRR/kg dry sediment).2 Invertebrates: Chronic Toxicity
The chronic effects of sulfox aflor to Daphnia magna were determined in a semi

- static system over a period of 21 days to nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg a.i./L plus a dilution water control. Adult mortality, reproduction rate (number of young), length of the surviving adults, and days to first brood were used to determine the endpoints. The test substance was stable and the mean measured concentrations approximated the nominal concentrations (100

- 101% of nominal); therefore, the biological endpoints are report ed as nominal concentrations. No treatment

- related effects on adult mortality or adult length were observed. The reproduction rate and days to first brood were significantly different in the 100 mg a.i./L test group (means: 42.6 offpsring per adult and 14. 6 days to first brood) relative to the controls (means: 71.1 offpsring per adult and 10.8 days to first brood). No significant
effects were observed at the lower test concentrations. The 21

- day EC 50 was >100 mg a.i./L and the 21

- day NO A EC was determined to be 50 mg a.i./L

The chronic effects of sulfoxaflor to mysid shrimp ( Americamysis bahia ) were determined in a flow

through system over a period of 28 days to nominal concentrations of 0.063, 0.13, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg a.i./L plus a dilution water contro l. Mortality of F 0 and F 1 generation, reproduction rate of F 0 (number of young), length of the surviving F 0 and F 1 , and days to first brood by F 0 were used to determine the endpoints. Complete F 0 mortality (100%) was observed at the highest test concentrat ion of 1.0 mg a.i./L within 7 days; no treatment

- related effects on F 0 /F 1 mortality, F 0 reproduction rate, or F 0 /F 1 length were observed at the lower test concentrations. The days to first brood by F 0 were significantly different in the 25 and 0.50 mg a.i. /L test groups (both means: 17.0 days to first brood) relative to the controls (mean: 17.8 days to first brood); no significant effects on days to first brood by F 0 were observed at the
lower test concentrations. The 28

- day LC 50 was 0.633 mg a.i./L and the 28

- day NOEC was determined to be 0.13 mg a.i./L.

Aquatic Plants Sulfoxaflor exhibited relatively low toxicity to aquatic non

- vascular plants, as indicated by a 96

- h EC 50 of > 95.6 mg ai/L (green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata , MRID 47832121), a 72

- h EC 50 of 90.3 mg ai/L (bluegreen algae, alga Anabaena flos

- aquae, MRID 47832124), a 96

- h EC 50 of 81.2 mg ai/L(freshwater diatom, Navicula pelliculosa , MRID 47832123), and a 72

- h EC 50 of > 95.6 mg ai/L (saltwater diatom, Skeletonema costatum, MRID 478 32122) based on reduction in biomass. A 96

- h EC 50 was not available for the bluegreen algae and saltwater diatom due to the onset of a stationary growth phase near the end of the test. Similarly, sulfoxaflor was not toxic to the freshwater vascular aquat ic plant, Lemna gibba , up to the limit amount, as indicated by a 7

- d EC 50 for frond count, dry weight and growth rate of > 100 mg ai/L (MRID 47832125). No significant adverse effects on these endpoints were observed at any test treatment.

Birds
Based on an acute oral LD 50 of 676 mg ai/kg bw for bobwhite quail, sulfoxaflor is considered slightly toxic to birds (MRID 47832101). The NOAEL for this study was 360 mg ai/kg bw based on weight loss and mortality. The acute oral LD 50 could not be determined for the zebra finch (MRID 47832072) due to regurgitation at treatments above 29 mg ai/kg bw, which was the NOAEL from this study). On a subacute, dietary basis, sulfoxaflor is classified as practically nontoxic to birds, with 5

- d LC50 values of > 5620 mg/kg

- diet for mallard and bobwhite quail (MRID 47832104 and 47832074, respectively). The NOAEL from these studies is 5620 mg/kg

- diet as no treatment related mortality of sublethal effects were observed at any treatment. Similarly, the primary degradate (X11719 474) is classified as practically nontoxic to birds on an acute, oral basis with a LD 50 of > 2250 mg ai/kg bw (MRID 47832073).3 In two avian reproductive toxicity studies, the NOAELs ranged from 200 mg/kg

- diet (mallard, MRID 47832120, highest concentration tested) to 1000 mg/kg

- diet (bobwhite quail, highest concentration tested). No treatment

- related adverse effects were observed at any test treatment in these studies.

Mammals Sulfoxaflor is classified as slightly toxic to mammals on an acute, oral basis, with LD 50 values of 1405 mg ai/kg bw (male rat) and 1000 mg ai/kg bw (female rat) using the reduced “up/down” test protocol. The chronic toxicity of sulfoxaflor was evaluated using a 2

- generation feed study with the rat, Rattus norvegicus , using concentr ations of 0, 25, 100 and 400 mg/kg

- diet. The NOAEL for systemic and reproductive toxicity is 100 ppm based on liver effects in P1 and P2 males, and decreased neonatal survival delayed PPS, respectively.

Terrestrial Plants
Sulfoxaflor did not exhibit tre atment

- related signs of toxicity to terrestrial plants at or above the proposed maximum seasonal application rate on cotton (200 g/ha) based on vegetative vigor and seedling emergence tests (MRID 47832425 and 47832427, respectively).