#### UNITED STATES of America v. Jesse KITHCART, Appellant

No. 01-3046.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) May 10, 2002.

Filed May 23, 2002.

*873Before ALITO, COWEN, and LOURIE, Circuit Judges.

OPINION OF THE COURT

PER CURIAM.

Appellant Jesse Kithcart was indicted for being a felon in possession of firearms. He moved to suppress the gun, which was discovered in his waist pouch (“fanny pack”) in a pat-down after his car was stopped by police who suspected his companion and him of armed bank robbery. Kithcart has already been before this Court twice, and we have remanded both times for further proceedings related to the suppression motion. As the parties are well aware of the history of these proceedings and the facts involved, we need not repeat them here.

In this appeal, Kithcart argues that his motion to suppress the gun should be granted because the government did not prove that the pat-down in which the gun was discovered was within the limited scope of a search permitted by *Terry v. Ohio,*392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968). In response, the government argues, among other things, that the fact that the gun was found in Kithcart’s fanny pack is itself sufficient evidence to prove that the pat-down fell within the limitations allowed by Teny. We agree.

We exercise plenary review over a district court’s legal conclusion regarding the constitutional validity of a pat-down search of a vehicle passenger following a traffic stop. See *United States v. Moorefield,*111 F.3d 10, 12 (3d Cir.1997).

Kithcart urges that there is nothing in the record to show that the pat-down was valid. *Kithcart*cites *Florida v. Royer,*460 U.S. 491, 103 S.Ct. 1319, 75 L.Ed.2d 229 (1983), for the proposition that the government bears the legal burden of showing that a search without a warrant falls within the scope permitted by Terry. *Id.*at 500, 103 S.Ct. 1319. And, as a factual matter, Kithcart argues that the government failed to present any evidence regarding how the gun was found. All that is clear from the record is that Officer Williams, who did not testify at the initial suppression hearing, did a pat-down of Kithcart, and the gun was found in his waist pouch. Thus, Kithcart argues, there is “no evidence at all regarding the nature of scope of the search which uncovered the gun.” Br. of Appellant at 16; see *Kithcart II,*218 F.3d at 220 (“[T]he government did not present any evidence of the circumstances of a pat-down nor any testimony to support a conclusion that a Terry ‘pat-down’ was justified.”).

The record here indicates only that the gun was found in Kithcart’s fanny pack, which was worn around his waist. Kith-cart argues that the absence of evidence regarding the pat-down leaves open the possibility that the search exceeded the bounds of Terry. We reject Kithcart’s argument. First, the fact that the gun (a .32 caliber handgun) was found in Kith-cart’s fanny pack indicates that it was found in a search of his outer clothing, which is expressly permitted by Terry. 392 U.S. at 30, 88 S.Ct. 1868. Even without the testimony of Officer Williams to describe the pat-down, this fact alone is sufficient to find that the gun was not found in a search that exceeded the permissible bounds of a Terry search. Kith-cart posits the possibility that the gun was wrapped in clothing inside the fanny pack, thus requiring the officer to inspect the contents of the pouch to retrieve the gun. Even this hypothetical situation, however, would not preclude an officer from con*874ducting a legal, protective inspection of the suspicious bundle for weapons. Cf. *Michigan v.*Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 1051-52, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983) (upholding the seizure of marijuana and stating that a Terry search may extend to areas within the suspect’s control, such as a passenger compartment of a car, to protect the officers’ safety); see also *United States v. Rogers,*129 F.3d 76, 79 (2d Cir.1997) (upholding an officer’s removal and unwrapping of an object found in the suspect’s pocket during a pat-down); *United States v. Williams,*962 F.2d 1218, 1223 (6th Cir.1992) (holding a search of a defendant’s purse was permissible as part of a Terry stop). Therefore, given the fact that the gun was found in Kithcart’s fanny pack, there appears to be no set of circumstances under which Officer Williams’s discovery of the gun would be unreasonable so as to exceed the limits of Terry. Moreover, the circumstances surrounding the stop of the car and subsequent pat-down of Kitheart justified precautionary measures to assure the safety of the officers making the stop. The purpose of allowing a Terry search is “to dispel [the officer’s] reasonable fear for his own or others’ safety” and “to discover weapons which might be used to assault him.” *Terry,*392 U.S. at 30, 88 S.Ct. 1868. Here, the police believed that the suspects were the recent perpetrators of multiple armed robberies. The situation in this ease is the very type of situation for which a Terry search is permitted. There is sufficient evidence in the record to conclude that the pat-down of Kitheart did not exceed the scope of Terry.

Accordingly, the judgment of the District Court denying Appellant’s suppression motion is affirmed.