Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series  

Office of Research and Analysis

Special Nutrition Programs                  Report No.  WIC ‐11‐FOOD 

WIC Food Packages Policy Options Study   

Final Report

June 2011 
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WIC Food Packages Policy Options Study 

Final Report 

Author:

Nancy Cole 

Jessica Jacobson 

Ira Nichols-Barrer 

Mary Kay Fox 

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Office of Research and Analysis 

955 Massachusetts Ave USDA, Food and Nutrition Service 

Cambridge, MA 02139 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 1014 

 Alexandria, VA 22302-1500 

Project Director: Project Officer: 

Nancy Cole Joseph F. Robare, DrPH, MS, RD 

This study was conducted under Contract number AG-3198-K-09-0025 with the Food and Nutrition 

Service. 

This report is available on the Food and Nutrition Service website: http://www.fns.usda.gov/ora

Suggested Citation:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Research and Analysis, WIC 

Food Packages Policy Options Study, by Nancy Cole, Jessica Jacobson, Ira Nichols-Barrer and 

Mary Kay Fox. Project Officer, Joseph F. Robare Alexandria, VA: June 2011. 

June 2011 

Special Nutrition Programs 

Report Number: WIC-11-FOOD 
Contents Mathematica Policy Research 

iii

CONTENTS

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... ix

I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1

A. WIC Food Packages Authorized by the Interim Rule .................................. 2

B. WIC Food Issuance ................................................................................... 7

C. The WIC Food Packages Study.................................................................. 8

II IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY OPTIONS INCLUDED IN THE INTERIM RULE ...... 11

A. Fruit and Vegetable Policy Options ........................................................ 11

Cash Value Voucher (CVV) Policies ......................................................... 13

B. Food Substitutions and Alternatives ....................................................... 15

Soy Beverages and Tofu as Milk Substitutes ........................................... 15

Substitutions for 100% Whole-Wheat Bread ........................................... 18

Alternatives to Canned Tuna .................................................................. 20

C. Food Package Tailoring Policies ............................................................. 20

Legume and Peanut Butter Combinations in Food Packages V and VII .... 20

Infant Formula During the First Month of Life ........................................ 22

Special Provisions for Homeless Participants .......................................... 23

D. Rounding Up of Package Sizes for Infant Formula and Infant Foods ....... 23

III CONTENTS OF WIC FOOD LISTS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION 

OF THE INTERIM RULE .................................................................................. 25

A. Milk, Cheese, Eggs, and Legumes .......................................................... 25

Milk and Milk Substitutes ....................................................................... 26

Cheese .................................................................................................. 28

Eggs ...................................................................................................... 30

Legumes ............................................................................................... 31

Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs, 

Legumes and Milk Substitutes ............................................................... 34

B. Branded Food ProductsJuice, Breakfast Cereals, Infant 

Foods, and Whole Grains ....................................................................... 38

Juice ...................................................................................................... 38

Breakfast Cereals ................................................................................... 42

Infant Foods .......................................................................................... 50
Contents Mathematica Policy Research 

iv

IV COMPARISON OF WIC FOOD LISTS BEFORE AND AFTER 

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERIM RULE ...................................................... 55

A. The WIC Food List .................................................................................. 55

B. Differences in Package Sizes Before-and-After the Interim Rule ............ 56

C. Differences in Breakfast Cereal Choices Before and After 

Implementation of the Interim Rule ....................................................... 58

D. Possible Cost Containment Measures..................................................... 62

V SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 63

How Did SAs Respond to Optional Provisions of the Interim Rule? .......... 63

What Specific Foods Do SAs Include on Their Food Lists? ....................... 64

How Do Pre- and Post-Implementation Food Lists Differ? ...................... 64 

APPENDIX A: FOODS ON WIC FOOD LISTS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERIM 

RULE: STATE-LEVEL TABLES 

APPENDIX B: CHANGES IN FOODS LISTED ON WIC FOOD LISTS PRE- AND 

POST-IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERIM RULE 
Tables Mathematica Policy Research 

v

TABLES 

1 Revised WIC Food Packages .................................................................... 3

2 Changes Enacted by the Interim Rule ...................................................... 5

3 Processed Forms of Fruits and Vegetables Allowed by 

WIC State Agencies, October 2009 ........................................................ 12

4 Cash Value Voucher (CVV) Policies for Purchase of Fruits 

and Vegetables, October 2009 ............................................................. 14

5 WIC State Agency Policies for Food Substitutes and 

Alternatives, October 2009 ................................................................... 17

6 Legume and Peanut Butter Combinations in Food 

Packages V and VII, October 2009 ........................................................ 22

7 Special Provisions Reported for Homeless 

Participants, October 2009 ................................................................... 23

8 Milk and Milk Substitutes Authorized by WIC State 

Agencies, October 2009 ....................................................................... 27

9. Cheese Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 ..................... 29

10 Eggs Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 ......................... 31

11 Dry and Canned Beans Authorized by WIC State 

Agencies, October 2009 ....................................................................... 33

12 Peanut Butter Varieties and Package Sizes Authorized by 

WIC State Agencies, October 2009 ........................................................ 35

13 Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs, 

Legumes, and Milk Substitutes, October 2009 ...................................... 36

14 Juice Flavors, Brands, and Package Sizes on WIC 

Food Lists, October 2009 ..................................................................... 39

15 Average Number of Juice Flavors on WIC Food Lists, October 2009: 

Overall and By Type of Package and Brand ............................................ 40

16 Equivalent Names for Store Brand and Private Label Cold Cereals ......... 43

17 Types of Cereal Brands and Numbers of Breakfast Cereals 

on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 .......................................................... 45

18 Whole-Grain Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 .......... 46

19 Cold Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 ...................... 47
Tables Mathematica Policy Research 

vi

20 Hot Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 ........................ 49

21 Infant Food Product Brands Authorized by WIC State 

Agencies, October 2009 ....................................................................... 51

22 Infant Food Varieties and Package Sizes, October 2009 ........................ 53

23 Juice Prescriptions Before and After the Interim Rule............................. 57
Figures Mathematica Policy Research 

vii

FIGURES

1 WIC Food Delivery Systems in the 50 States and the 

District of Columbia, FY2010 .................................................................. 8

2 States Allowing Processed Forms of Fruits and 

Vegetables, October 2009 .................................................................... 13

3 Percentages of WIC Participants with CVV Redemption 

Options, October 2009 ......................................................................... 14

4 Authorization of WIC Cash Value Voucher Redemption 

at Farmers Markets, October 2009 ....................................................... 15

5 Authorization of Soy Beverages and Tofu as Milk 

Substitutes, October 2009 .................................................................... 16

6 Authorization of Kosher and Halal Substitutions ................................... 18

7 Whole-Grain Alternatives to Whole-Wheat Bread, October 2009 ........... 19

8 Brands of Whole-Wheat and Whole-Grain Bread .................................... 20

9 Infant Formula Offered in the First Month ............................................. 22

10 Use of “Rounding Up” Option for Infant Formula and Infant Foods ........ 24

11 Format of WIC Food Lists Before and After Implementation 

of the Interim Rule................................................................................ 56

12 Difference in Authorized Package Sizes of Milk, Before and 

After the Interim Rule ........................................................................... 57

13 Changes in Authorized Juice Packages .................................................. 59

14 Changes in Authorized Sizes of Juice Packaging ................................... 60

15 Changes in Numbers of Authorized Breakfast Cereals ........................... 61

16 Percentage of WIC Participants Required to Purchase 

Least Expensive Brands ........................................................................ 62
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children—better known 

as the WIC Program—serves to safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children 

up to age 5 who are at nutritional risk. WIC provides nutritious foods to supplement existing 

diets, education about healthy eating, and referrals to social and health care services. More than nine 

million women, infants, and children receive WIC benefits annually. Supplemental foods comprise 

72 percent of the total annual program costs of 6.4 billion.1

 The program is administered at the 

Federal level by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). It 

is administered at the local level by 90 WIC State Agencies (SAs), including the 50 states, the 

District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, four territories (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana 

Islands, and U.S. Virgin Islands), and 34 Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs). 

WIC provides seven food packages specific to groups of WIC participants. Until recently, the 

supplemental food packages provided by WIC have been largely unchanged since the program’s 

inception in 1972. From the start, WIC provided milk, cheese, eggs, fruit juice, iron-fortified infant 

and adult cereals, and infant formula. These foods were chosen as good sources of five target 

nutrients—vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and protein. In 1980, legumes (dry beans and/or 

peanut butter) were added for women and children, and a requirement was set for breakfast cereals 

to contain a maximum of six grams of sugar per dry ounce. In 1992, tuna and carrots were added for 

breastfeeding mothers (USDA/ERS, 2009). 

In 2007, FNS issued an Interim Rule that substantially revised regulations governing the WIC 

food packages. All SAs were required to implement the revised food packages by October 2009. 

This report documents how SAs responded to the Interim Rule. 

A. Revisions to the WIC Food Packages 

In 2003, USDA asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies to conduct a 

scientific review of the nutritional needs of the WIC population and to recommend changes to 

existing WIC food packages. This review was sparked by growing interest in ensuring that the 

supplemental foods provided by WIC were consistent with the most current scientific information 

about the nutritional needs of low-income women, infants and children, and were appropriate for a 

culturally diverse group of participants. The IOM’s final report, WIC Food Packages: Time for a Change, 

was released in 2005 with recommendations for changes to the WIC food packages. 

On December 6, 2007, FNS published, in the Federal Register, an interim rule revising the WIC 

food packages. The revisions authorized in the interim rule largely reflect recommendations made in 

the IOM Committee’s report and align with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and with 

infant feeding practices recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 2 In addition, 

the food packages are intended to provide WIC participants with a wider variety of foods, and SAs 

 1 Figures are for federal fiscal year 2009. Source: http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/37WIC_Monthly.htm. Accessed 

October 25, 2010. 

2 WIC also provides infant formula. The 2009 changes to the WIC food packages included changes to formula 

benefits designed to encourage breastfeeding. These changes are not discussed in this report. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

x

greater flexibility to accommodate the cultural food preferences of WIC participants.3 All SAs were 

required to implement the revised food packages by October 2009. 

The Interim Rule introduced new food categories, revised maximum purchase quantities, and 

provided the option for SAs to implement new food substitution policies under each of WIC’s 

seven food packages. Major changes include, 

New food categories 

 Fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, canned, dried) 

 Whole-grain cereals and breads 

 Infant foods – fruits and vegetables for all infants and meat for fully breastfed infants 

Revised maximum purchase quantities 

 Quantities of milk, eggs, juice, and cheese are reduced for women and children. Juice is 

eliminated from infant packages. Quantities of infant formula are reduced for breastfed 

and older infants. 

Optional new food substitution policies 

 Soy beverages and tofu may be substituted for milk 

 Brown rice, bulgur, barley, oatmeal, soft corn or whole-wheat tortillas may be substituted 

for whole-wheat bread 

 Canned beans may be substituted for dried beans 

 Canned salmon, sardines, and mackerel may be offered in addition to or instead of 

canned light tuna.4

Another important change in the revised WIC food packages is the introduction of a cash value 

voucher (CVV) for fruits and vegetables. The food package for children includes a $6 CVV and 

food packages for women include a $10 CVV.5 The use of CVVs for fruit and vegetables (F&V) 

represents a marked departure from the allowed-quantity model used for all other food categories. 

The CVVs are redeemable for a particular dollar amount of fruits and vegetables; all other WIC 

vouchers are redeemable for a particular quantity of food (example, 1 gallon of milk and 1 dozen 

eggs). The dollar-value vouchers are intended to provide more flexibility for WIC participants to 

purchase fruits and vegetables, given their seasonal fluctuations in availability and price, and the 

availability of fresh fruits and vegetables primarily as variable weight items. 

 3 Additional changes were designed to better support the establishment of successful, long-term breastfeeding by 

providing different food packages for fully formula fed, partially breastfed, and fully breastfed infants. 

4 States must offer at least two types of canned fish, choosing from any of the four approved options (tuna, 

salmon, sardines, or mackerel). 

5 The Interim Rule authorized a $10 CVV for fully breastfeeding women and an $8 CVV for pregnant, postpartum, 

and partially breastfeeding women. The $8 CVV was increased to $10, effective December 31, 2009. Funding for the 

increase was provided by the Fiscal Year 2010 Agriculture Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and 

Related Agencies Appropriations Act (Pub. L. 111–80) enacted on October 21, 2009. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

xi

These changes in WIC food packages are intended to achieve six goals. 

1. Provide greater consistency with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans by adding 

fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; and by reducing amounts of certain foods (milk, 

juice, eggs). 

2. Provide greater consistency with recommended infant feeding practices by 

delaying the introduction of complementary foods from four to six months of age and 

modifying infant formula amounts. Infant foods are added and juice eliminated in the 

packages for older infants in order to promote healthy dietary patterns. 

3. Address public health nutrition-related issues by providing less saturated fat and 

cholesterol, more fiber, and fruits and vegetables. The food packages for breastfeeding 

infant-mother pairs provide stronger incentives for continued breastfeeding, including 

providing less formula to partially breastfed infants and additional quantities and types of 

food for breastfeeding mothers. 

4. Reinforce the nutrition education messages provided to participants by making

new food packages more consistent with the nutrition education messages provided to 

participants, i.e., “eat more fruits and vegetables”; “lower saturated fat”; “increase whole 

grains and fiber;” “drink less sweetened beverages and juice;” “babies are meant to be 

breastfed.” 

5. Appeal to WIC’s culturally diverse populations by providing more participant choice 

in the food packages and a wider variety of foods than the previous food packages. For 

example, soy-based beverages may substitute for milk, and foods such as tortillas and 

brown rice may be offered as alternatives to 100% whole-wheat bread. 

6. Support breastfeeding by revising food packages for breastfeeding infant-mother pairs 

to provide stronger incentives for continued breastfeeding. For example, the new food 

package for fully breastfeeding women provides greater variety and quantities of foods. 

Fully breastfeeding infants receive baby food meats in addition to greater amounts of 

baby food fruits and vegetables. Less infant formula is provided to partially breastfeeding 

infants so that they may receive the benefits of breast milk. A minimal amount of infant 

formula is provided to partially breastfeeding infants in the first month after birth in 

order to help mothers build and maintain their milk supply. 

B. WIC Food Lists 

The most common method of issuing WIC food benefits to participants is through the use of 

WIC checks or vouchers that are redeemable at authorized retailers.6 WIC checks/vouchers are used 

in the retail food market. SAs identify specific food items eligible for WIC purchase and distribute 

that list to WIC participants and WIC retailers (or vendors) in the form of the “WIC food list.” A 

WIC food list is typically a full-color brochure listing specific brands, items, and package sizes 

eligible for purchase within each food category. Most SAs’ food lists are available on their web site. 

 6 Five States and three ITOs operate statewide electronic benefit transfer (EBT) systems to provide benefits that 

are redeemable at retailers. Two States (Mississippi and Vermont) provide direct distribution of foods to WIC 

participants. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

xii

Foods included on SA food lists must satisfy Federal regulations. The Interim Rule, however, 

clarified that SA lists may also reflect more stringent criteria established by the SA. As a result, each 

SA has the discretion to establish its own list of authorized foods based on factors including the 

availability of certain foods within the State, the cost of individual foods and brands, the nutrient 

value of available foods, and (with FNS approval) variations in cultural eating patterns. 

C. The WIC Food Packages Study 

In October 2009, FNS awarded a contract to Mathematica Policy Research to assess and 

describe the implementation of the Interim Rule at the SA level and to describe the resulting food 

packages. Research questions defined for the study include: 

1. How did SAs respond to optional provisions of the Interim Rule? 

2. What specific foods did SAs include on their food list when implementing the revised 

food packages? 

3. What changes are observed on WIC food lists, pre- and post-implementation of the 

Interim Rule, including food categories that were not directly affected by the Interim 

Rule? 

To answer these questions, we compiled a database of WIC food lists for all 90 SAs as of 

October 2009, as well as foods that were approved in the period immediately preceding 

implementation of the Interim Rule.7

 We also compiled information from WIC State Plans, vendor 

manuals, and grocery shopping guides, if available. 

D. Major Findings 

How Did SAs Respond to Optional Provisions of the Interim Rule? 

The Interim Rule introduced several new policy options that may be adopted by SAs. Options 

provide flexibility for including or excluding certain forms of foods or substitute foods, and for 

tailoring food packages on an individual basis. SAs may also adopt certain policies governing the 

redemption of fruit and vegetable cash value vouchers (CVVs). In deciding which policy options to 

implement, SAs may consider the food preferences of their participant population, characteristics of 

their vendors, and the relative balance between increased flexibility and increased administrative 

complexity. 

Many, but not all, of the optional provisions of the Interim Rule were widely adopted by SAs. 

Options for food substitutes were adopted at the highest rates. Available policy options and the 

proportion of SAs that implemented each (as of October 2009) are summarized below. Information 

is also provided about the proportion of WIC participants nationwide enrolled through SAs that 

adopted the new policy options. 

 7 Most SAs (62 of 90) implemented the Interim Rule on October 1, 2009; 27 implemented prior to October 1, 

2009; and one State implemented on November 30, 2009. Generally SAs revise their food list on an annual or biennial 

basis with a new food list issued at the start of the federal fiscal year (October 1). Thus the pre-implementation food list 

for all states was the food list effective on October 1, 2008. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

xiii

Options Related to Fruits and Vegetables 

 Frozen, canned, and dried F&V are allowed as alternatives to fresh—80 percent of 

SAs implemented this option, making alternatives to fresh available to 84 percent of all 

WIC participants. 

 Multiple CVVs may be redeemed in a single transaction—44 percent of reporting 

SAs, representing 34 percent of all WIC participants, implemented this option (22 

percent of SAs did not report on this item). 

 CVVs may be redeemed in combination with other forms of tender whereby 

participants “pay the difference” when the fruits and/or vegetables exceed the 

value of the CVV—71 percent of reporting SAs, representing 75 percent of all WIC 

participants, implemented this option (13 percent of SAs did not report on this item). 

 CVVs may be redeemed at farmers’ markets—22 percent of reporting SAs, 

representing 38 percent of all WIC participants, implemented this option (23 percent of 

SAs did not report on this item). 

Options Related to Food Substitutes and Alternatives 

 Soy beverages and/or tofu are allowed as milk substitutes—71 percent of SAs 

implemented the option to allow soy beverages and 40 percent implemented the option 

to allow tofu, making these food substitutions available to 71 percent and 62 percent of 

all WIC participants, respectively. 

 Specific Federally authorized whole grains (brown rice, bulgur, barley, oatmeal, 

and soft corn or whole-wheat tortillas) are allowed as alternatives to 100% wholewheat bread—90 percent of SAs allow brown rice to be substituted for 100% wholewheat bread and 82 percent allow soft corn or whole-wheat tortillas, making these 

alternatives available to 94 percent and 90 percent of all WIC participants respectively. 

Less commonly authorized substitutions include oatmeal or oats (39 percent of SAs and 

47 percent of participants), bulgur (14 percent of SAs and 21 percent of participants), 

and barley (9 percent of SAs and 18 percent of participants). 

 At least two different types of canned fish are allowed for breastfeeding women 

(SAs may choose from tuna, salmon, sardines, and mackerel)—All SAs authorize 

tuna. Salmon is the next most commonly authorized type of canned fish, allowed by 91 

percent of SAs and available to 92 percent of all WIC participants. Sardines are 

authorized by 61 percent of SAs and are available to 44 percent of WIC participants. 

Mackerel is authorized by only six percent of SAs, representing less than one percent of 

WIC participants.8

 

Options Related to Food Package Tailoring 

 Package tailoring may be used to provide different combinations of canned 

beans, dried beans and peanut butter—SAs have the option to allow canned beans 

and the flexibility to authorize only beans, only peanut butter, or alternative 

combinations of the two (six different combinations are allowed). Seventy-nine percent 

of SAs, representing 72 percent of all WIC participants, authorize canned beans. The 

 8 Canned mackerel that meets the specifications of the interim rule are not widely available in the marketplace. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

xiv

majority of SAs (71 percent) authorize two or more of the allowable combinations 

(seven percent of SAs did not report). 

 Package tailoring may include infant formula in the first month after birth for 

infants who are not being fully breast-fed—Two thirds of all SFAs, representing 60 

percent of WIC participants, implemented this option. 

 Package tailoring may be used to accommodate the special needs of homeless 

participants—94 percent of reporting SAs implemented special provisions for homeless 

participants (10 percent of SAs did not report on this item). 

Options Related to Package Sizes for Infant Formula and Infant Foods 

Under the Interim Rule, SAs may “round up” to the next whole container for infant formula to 

provide at least the full nutrition benefit (FNB) to participants. SAs may also “round up” to the next 

whole container of infant foods (infant cereal, fruits and meats) if needed to provide at least the 

maximum authorized amount of these foods.9 Information about the use of the “rounding up” 

option was not available in State WIC Plans for about a quarter of SAs.10 The data that are available 

suggest that relatively few SAs have implemented this option. Eighteen percent of SAs, representing 

35 percent of all WIC participants use this option for infant formula, but only seven percent of SAs 

use it for infant foods. 

What Specific Foods Do SAs Include on Their Food Lists? 

WIC food lists show considerable variation across SAs. Food lists enumerate authorized (and 

unauthorized) forms of foods in each of over 10 food categories. This report describes authorized 

foods in terms of types, flavors, or varieties; package sizes; and brands. 

WIC food lists must include foods that satisfy federal regulations, but SAs may impose more 

stringent criteria, based on factors including the availability of certain foods within the State, the cost 

of individual foods and brands, and the nutrient value of available foods. One way to summarize 

variations across food lists is in terms of these restrictions: 

 A small number of SAs restrict fat content of reduced-fat milks for women and older 

children to include only skim and 1% milks (no 2%), or skim and 2% milks (no 1%). 

 Two SAs authorize only two varieties of cheese, while six or more varieties are 

authorized in 47 SAs. 

 Least expensive brand restrictions are common for milk, cheese, and eggs. Some SAs 

also require least expensive brands for legumes. 

 One-third of SAs authorize all nine of the most common single flavor juices, while other 

SAs authorize a subset of those flavors. 

 The numbers of authorized breakfast cereals ranges from less than 15 (18 SAs) to more 

than 25 (43 SAs), with five SAs offering only one type of hot cereal. 

 9 Interim rule, page 68994. 

10 States were asked to verify and supplement the information obtained from State WIC plans, however, 24 SAs (6 

States, 17 ITOs, and 1 territory) did not respond to the request for verification. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

xv

It is not possible to know the extent to which variations across SAs are due to each of the 

different factors noted above. 

How Do Pre- and Post-Implementation Food Lists Differ? 

Post-implementation food lists tend to be longer and more complex than pre-implementation 

lists. The percentage of SA food lists that fit on 1-2 pages fell from 80 percent before 

implementation to 36 percent after implementation. While WIC participants received additional 

foods from the new food packages, many WIC participants would also find that specific products 

were no longer available: whole milk for women and children over age 2, juice for infants, some 

package sizes of juice for women and children, and some breakfast cereals. In addition, the 

percentage of participants required to purchase “least expensive” brands increased for milk, cheese, 

eggs, and legumes. 

Overall, WIC participants nationwide received a much different food list in October 2009, 

compared to earlier years. The addition of F&V and whole grains, and elimination of whole milk for 

women and older children is expected to have a large impact on WIC participants’ dietary intakes. 

The full impact of the Interim Rule, however, depends on many factors including the changes in the 

food list itself, the availability of foods in the marketplace, and the nutrient content of those foods. 
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

1

I. INTRODUCTION 

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children—better known 

as the WIC Program—serves to safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children 

up to age 5 who are at nutritional risk. WIC provides nutritious foods to supplement existing 

diets, education about healthy eating, and referrals to social and health care services. More than nine 

million women, infants, and children receive WIC benefits annually. Supplemental foods comprise 

72 percent of the total annual program costs of 6.4 billion.11 The program is administered at the 

Federal level by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). It 

is administered at the local level by 90 WIC State Agencies (SAs), including the 50 states, the 

District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, four territories (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana 

Islands, and U.S. Virgin Islands), and 34 Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs). 

Until recently, the supplemental food packages provided by WIC have been largely unchanged 

since the program’s inception in 1972. From the start, WIC provided milk, cheese, eggs, fruit juice, 

iron-fortified infant and adult cereals, and infant formula. The foods provided by WIC were chosen 

as good sources of five target nutrients— vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and protein. In 1980, 

legumes (dry beans and/or peanut butter) were added for women and children, and a requirement 

was set for breakfast cereals to contain a maximum of six grams of sugar per dry ounce. In 1992, 

tuna and carrots were added for breastfeeding mothers (USDA/ERS, 2009). 

In 2003, USDA asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies to conduct a 

scientific review of the nutritional needs of the WIC population and to recommend changes to the 

food packages. This review was sparked by growing interest in ensuring that the supplemental foods 

provided by WIC were consistent with the most current scientific information about the nutritional 

needs of low-income women, infants and children, and were appropriate for a culturally diverse 

group of participants. The IOM’s final report, WIC Food Packages: Time for a Change, was released in 

2005 with recommendations for changes to the WIC food packages. 

On December 6, 2007, FNS published an interim rule revising the WIC food packages in the 

Federal Register. The revisions authorized in the interim rule included adding fruits and vegetables, 

whole-wheat bread and other whole grains, and infant foods to WIC food packages and allowing 

substitutions for milk and/or cheese, such as soy-based beverage and tofu. Additionally, amounts of 

milk, eggs and cheese were reduced to lower levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. The revised food 

packages largely reflect recommendations made in the IOM Committee’s report and align with the 

2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and with infant feeding practices recommended by the 

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 12 In addition, the food packages are intended to provide 

WIC participants with a wider variety of foods, and SAs greater flexibility to accommodate the 

 11 Figures are for federal fiscal year 2009. Source: http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/37WIC_Monthly.htm. Accessed 

October 25, 2010. 

12 WIC also provides infant formula. The 2009 changes to the WIC food packages included changes to formula 

benefits designed to encourage breastfeeding. These changes are not discussed in this report. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

2

cultural food preferences of WIC participants.13 All SAs were required to implement the revised 

food packages by October 2009. 

A. WIC Food Packages Authorized by the Interim Rule 

WIC provides seven food packages specific to groups of WIC participants. Each SA is 

responsible for identifying food items eligible for each food package; assigning food packages to 

participants consistent with their eligibility category; and issuing foods or food instruments to 

participants. As noted previously, revisions to the WIC food packages outlined in the Interim Rule 

reflect recommendations made by the IOM in its report, WIC Food Packages: Time for a Change. In 

addition, certain cost containment and administrative modifications were made by USDA.14

The revised food packages are shown in Table 1. The Interim Rule revised WIC food packages 

in two ways: first, by changing the content of the food packages, and second, by redefining Food 

Packages I and II. Prior to revisions associated with the Interim Rule, Food Packages I and II were 

for infants 0-3 and 4-11 months of age, respectively. After revisions, Food Packages I and II apply 

to infants 0-5 and 6-11 months of age, respectively, with three variations of each food package for 

fully formula fed, partially breastfed, and fully breastfed infants. 

As summarized below, the Interim Rule introduced new food categories, revised maximum 

purchase quantities, and provided the option for SAs to implement new food substitution policies 

under each of WIC’s seven food packages. 

New food categories 

 Fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, canned, dried) 

 Whole-grain cereals and breads 

 Infant foods – fruits and vegetables for all infants and meat for fully breastfed infants 

Revised maximum purchase quantities 

 Quantities of milk, eggs, juice, and cheese are reduced for women and children. Juice is 

eliminated from infant packages. Quantities of infant formula are reduced for breastfed 

and older infants. 

Optional new food substitution policies 

 Soy beverages and tofu may be substituted for milk 

 Brown rice, bulgur, barley, oatmeal, soft corn, or whole-wheat tortillas may be 

substituted for whole-wheat bread 

 Canned beans may be substituted for dried beans 

 13 Additional changes were designed to better support the establishment of successful, long-term breastfeeding by 

providing different food packages for fully formula fed, partially breastfed, and fully breastfed infants. 

14 http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/regspublished/foodpackages-interimrule.htm 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

3

 Canned salmon, sardines, and mackerel may be offered in addition to or instead of 

canned light tuna.15

Another important change in the revised WIC food packages is the introduction of a cash value 

voucher (CVV) for fruits and vegetables. Food Package IV, for children, includes a $6 CVV, while 

women receive a $10 CVV in Food Packages V, VI, and VII.16 The fruit and vegetable dollar-value 

vouchers represent a marked departure from the allowed-quantity model used for all other food 

categories. The CVVs are redeemable for a particular dollar amount of fruits and vegetables; all 

other WIC vouchers are redeemable for a particular quantity of food (example, 1 gallon of milk and 

1 dozen eggs). The dollar-value vouchers are intended to provide more flexibility for WIC 

participants to purchase fruits and vegetables, given their seasonal fluctuations in availability and 

price, and the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables primarily as variable weight items. 

Table 1. Revised WIC Food Packages 

Maximum Monthly Allowances of Supplemental Foods for Infants 

In Food Packages I, II and III 

Fully Formula Fed Partially Breastfed Fully Breastfed 

Foods 

Food 

Packages 

I and III 

Food 

Packages 

II and III 

Food 

Packages 

I and III 

Food 

Packages 

II and III 

Food 

Package I 

Food 

Packages II 

and III 

A: 0-3 mos 

B: 4-5 mos 6-11 mos 

A: 0 to 1 mo

B: 1-3 mos 

C: 4-5 mos 6-11 mos 0-5 mos 6-11 mos 

WIC Formula A: 806 fl oz 

reconstituted 

liquida

concentrate 

B: 884 fl oz 

reconstituted 

liquid 

concentratea

624 fl. oz. 

reconstituted 

liquid 

concentratea

A: 104 fl oz 

reconstituted 

powder 

B: 364 fl oz 

reconstituted 

liquid 

concentratea

 

C: 442 fl. oz. 

reconstituted 

liquid 

concentratea

312 fl. oz. 

reconstituted 

liquid 

concentratea

Infant Cereal 24 oz 24 oz 24 oz 

Baby Food 

Fruits and 

Vegetables 

128 oz 128 oz 256 oz 

Baby Food 

Meat 

 77.5 oz 

 15 States must offer at least two types of canned fish, choosing from any of the four approved options (tuna, 

salmon, sardines, or mackerel). 

16 The Interim Rule authorized a $10 CVV for children and fully breastfeeding women, and an $8 CVV for 

pregnant, postpartum, and partially breastfeeding women. The $8 CVV was increased to $10, effective December 31, 

2009. Funding for the increase was provided by the Fiscal Year 2010 Agriculture Rural Development, Food and Drug 

Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (Pub. L. 111–80) enacted on October 21, 2009. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

4

Table 1 (continued)

Maximum Monthly Allowances of Supplemental Foods for Children and Women 

In Food Packages IV, V, VI and VII 

 Children Women 

Foods 

Food Package IV: 

1 Through 4 Years 

Food Package V: 

Pregnant and 

Partially 

Breastfeeding 

(Up to 1 Year 

Postpartum) 

Food Package VI: 

Postpartum 

(Up to 6 Months 

Postpartum) 

Food Package VII: 

Fully Breastfeeding 

(Up to 1 Year PostPartum) 

Juice, Single 

Strength 

128 fl oz 144 fl oz 96 fl oz 144 fl oz 

Milkb 16 qt 22 qt 16 qt 24 qt 

Breakfast Cerealc 36 oz 36 oz 36 oz 36 oz 

Cheese 1 lb 

Eggs 1 dozen 1 dozen 1 dozen 2 dozen 

Fruits and 

Vegetables 

$6.00 in cash value 

vouchers 

$10.00 in cash 

value vouchers 

$10.00 in cash 

value vouchers 

$10.00 in cash 

value vouchers 

Whole-Wheat 

Breadd

2 lb 1 lb 1 lb 

Fish (Canned)e 30 oz 

Legumes, Dry or 

Canned and/or 

Peanut Butter 

1 lb (64 oz canned)

Or 

18 oz 

1 lb (64 ounce 

canned) 

And 

18 oz 

1 lb (64 ounce 

canned) 

Or 

18 oz 

1 lb (64 ounce 

canned) 

And 

18 oz 

a

The maximum monthly allowance is specified in the liquid concentrate form; however, powder and readyto-feed forms are allowable substitutes and the powder form is recommended for partially breastfed 

infants, ages 0 through 3 months of age. 

b

Allowable options for milk alternatives are cheese, soy beverage, and tofu. 

c

At least one half of the total number of breakfast cereals on State agency food list must be whole grain. 

d

Allowable options for whole-wheat bread are whole-grain bread, brown rice, bulgur, oatmeal, wholegrain barley, soft corn or whole-wheat tortillas. 

e

Allowable options for canned fish are light tuna, salmon, sardines, and mackerel. 

Source: http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/benefitsandservices/foodpkgallowances.HTM 

Table 2 provides a detailed description of the changes to WIC food packages. These changes in 

WIC food packages are intended to achieve six goals. 

1. Provide greater consistency with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans by adding 

fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; and by reducing amounts of certain foods (milk, 

juice, eggs). 

2. Provide greater consistency with recommended infant feeding practices by 

delaying the introduction of complementary foods from four to six months of age and 

modifying infant formula amounts. Infant foods are added and juice eliminated in the 

packages for older infants in order to promote healthy dietary patterns. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

5

Table 2. Changes Enacted by the Interim Rule 

Regulation Pre-Interim Rule Interim Rule 

Infant Food Packages (Food Packages I-III) 

Formula Any infant could receive up to the 

maximum infant formula for the 

package, regardless of whether or not 

the mother breastfed. 

Low iron infant formula could be 

prescribed with medical documentation. 

Infant cereal had to be iron-fortified. 

Infants and mothers are assigned food packages 

based on the mother’s reported breastfeeding 

practice. 

Low-iron infant formula is disallowed. 

Complementary 

Foods 

Infants received only formula through 3 

months; juice and infant cereal were 

provided to infants aged 4-11 months. 

All infants 4-11 months were eligible 

for the same amounts of formula, juice 

and infant cereal. 

Infants 4-5 months no longer receive 

complementary foods. Formula quantities were 

increased. 

Infants 6-11 months receive infant food fruits 

and vegetables. Juice was eliminated and the 

maximum formula amount was decreased. 

Fully breastfed infants receive 128 oz. more 

infant food fruit and vegetables per month than 

partially breastfed or fully formula-fed infants. 

They also receive 77.5 oz of infant food meat. 

Container Size 

Rounding 

SAs may round up to the next whole 

can of infant formula to allow all 

participants to receive the full 

authorized nutrition benefit specified by 

regulation.a

SAs may round up to the next whole container 

of infant formula and infant foods if needed to 

provide the full authorized nutrition benefit 

specified by regulation.b

Infants with Special Dietary Needs (Food Package III) 

Food Package 

Assignment 

Infants with special dietary needs were 

provided exempt infant formula and/or 

WIC-eligible medical foods under Food 

Packages I or II. 

Some women and children with certain 

dietary restrictions, but without serious 

medical conditions, were prescribed 

WIC formula (infant formula, exept 

infant formula and WIC-eligible medical 

foods) under Food Package III. 

Infants with special dietary needs receive 

exempt infant formulas and/or WIC-eligible 

medical foods under Food Package III. 

The language governing the purpose and scope 

of Package III eligibility was clarified. 

Standard WIC 

Foods 

Children and women with special 

dietary needs were prescribed WICeligible medical foods under Food 

Package III; they did not receive any of 

the standard food package foods. 

Standard WIC foods are available to Package III 

recipients. 

Women and Children (Food Packages IV - VII) 

Milk and 

Cheese 

No restrictions on milk fat content. 

Maximum milk prescriptions ranged 

from 24-28 quarts of milk per month. 

Cheese could be substituted for milk at 

a rate of one pound per three quarts; 

cheese could replace a total of 12 

quarts of milk. 

Women and children age two and older receive 

fat reduced milk; whole milk provided to 

children one year of age.

Maximum milk prescriptions reduced to provide 

16 qts for children and up to 24 qts for women 

(16 quarts for post-partum women, 22 quarts 

for partially breastfeeding women and 24 quarts 

for fully breastfeeding women). Added new milk 

substitution options (tofu, cheese and soy 

beverage), but reduced the maximum amount of 

cheese substitution allowed. Authorized an 

additional pound of cheese for fully 

breastfeeding women 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

6

Table 2 (continued)

Regulation Pre-Interim Rule Interim Rule 

Juice Maximum juice amounts ranged from 

192 to 336 fl. oz. per month. 

Reduced maximum juice amounts to 128 fl. oz. 

for children,144 fl. oz for pregnant and partially 

and fully breastfeeding women, and 96 fl oz for 

post-partum women. 

Eggs Up to 2 or 2 1/2 dozen eggs were 

provided per month. 

Reduced egg prescription to one dozen eggs 

(two for fully breastfeeding women). 

Grains Grains were included in form of 

breakfast cereal. Regulations did not 

specify minimum whole-grain content. 

Whole-grain bread added to food packages, with 

substitutions of other whole grains allowed. 

At least 50 percent of breakfast cereals on State 

agency food lists must have whole grain as the 

primary ingredient and meet FDA labeling 

requirements for making a health claim as 

whole-grain food of moderate fat content. 

Canned Beans Canned beans could be prescribed, 

instead of dry, to WIC participants who 

lacked cooking facilities. 

Canned beans allowed as a substitute for dry in 

all food packages for children and women. 

Bean and 

Peanut Butter 

Combinations 

Package V and VII provided a pound of 

dry beans, which could be replaced with 

18oz of peanut butter. 

Beans and peanut butter were not 

included in Food Package VI. 

Food Package V and VII prescription was 

increased to include both one pound of beans 

and 18oz of peanut butter. 

One pound of beans, with an 18oz peanut butter 

substitution option, added to Food Package VI 

and VI. 

Fruits and 

Vegetables 

Carrots were provided in the enhanced 

food package for fully breastfeeding 

women. 

Add $10 voucher for fruits and vegetables (other 

than white potatoes) to Food Packages V-VII and 

a $6 voucher for food package IV. 

Fully Breastfeeding Women (Food Package VII) 

Fish 26 oz of tuna was provided to 

exclusively breastfeeding women in 

Food Package VII. 

Authorize a variety of canned fish that do not 

pose a mercury hazard to fully breastfeeding 

women. Slightly increase the maximum amount 

allowed to 30 ounces. 

Food Package Tailoring 

Brand and 

Variety 

Restrictions 

State WIC agencies imposed restrictions 

on some foods by brand or variety in 

order to limit cost or ensure statewide 

product availability. The practice was 

accepted but not formally authorized by 

regulation. 

Clarifies States’ authority to make adjustments 

to WIC foods for administrative convenience and 

to control costs. For example, by specifying 

allowed packaging, container sizes, brands, 

types and forms of food. 

Tailoring Categorical nutrition tailoring was 

permitted. States were permitted to 

prescribe foods in quantities that are 

less than the package maximums when 

nutritionally warranted. States could 

standardize these reductions and apply 

the reduced amounts consistently to 

like groups of WIC participants. Such 

categorical food package tailoring could 

be done for nutritional reasons, but not 

to achieve cost reductions. 

Ends the practice of categorical tailoring of WIC 

food packages by States. 

Individual tailoring of the food package within 

authorized parameters is permitted based on 

individual nutritional assessments. 

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

7

Table 2 (continued)

Regulation Pre-Interim Rule Interim Rule 

Package 

Substitutions 

for Cultural 

Needs 

Allow State agencies to propose plans 

for additional package substitutions to 

meet unanticipated cultural needs of 

participants. State agencies will only 

substitute foods after receiving written 

approval from FNS. 

Retains provision. 

a

The “rounding up” provision for infant formula was authorized by the Child Nutrition and Supplemental 

Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Reauthorization Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-265),, 

enacted on June 30, 2004. This provision only applied to infant formula issued as a result of a solicitation 

bid on or after October 1, 2004. 

b

The Interim Rule revising the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 

Food packages incorporates the Public Law 108-265 authority to “round-up” infant formula. SAs that use 

the rounding up option to issue infant formula are required to use the methodology put forth in the 

Interim the rule, which calculates and disperses the infant formula over the timeframe of the food package 

category and infant feeding variation (fully formula fed or partially breastfed). 

3. Address public health nutrition-related issues by providing less saturated fat and 

cholesterol, more fiber, and fruits and vegetables. The food packages for breastfeeding 

infant-mother pairs provide stronger incentives for continued breastfeeding, including 

providing less formula to partially breastfed infants and additional quantities and types 

of food for breastfeeding mothers. 

4. Reinforce the nutrition education messages provided to participants by making

new food packages more consistent with the nutrition education messages provided to 

participants, i.e., “eat more fruits and vegetables”; “lower saturated fat”; “increase whole 

grains and fiber;” “drink less sweetened beverages and juice;” “babies are meant to be 

breastfed.” 

5. Appeal to WIC’s culturally diverse populations by providing more participant 

choice in the food packages and a wider variety of foods than the previous food 

packages. For example, soy-based beverages may substitute for milk and foods such as 

tortillas and brown rice may be offered as alternatives to 100% whole-wheat bread. 

6. Support breastfeeding by revising food packages for breastfeeding infant-mother pairs 

to provide stronger incentives for continued breastfeeding. For example, the new food 

package for fully breastfeeding women provides greater variety and quantities of foods. 

Fully breastfeeding infants receive baby food meats in addition to greater amounts of 

baby food fruits and vegetables. Less infant formula is provided to partially 

breastfeeding infants so that they may receive the benefits of breast milk. Formula is not 

routinely provided to partially breastfed infants in the first month after birth in order to 

help mothers build and maintain their milk supply. State agencies have the option to 

provide a minimal amount of infant formula in the first month after birth on a case-bycase basis. 

B. WIC Food Issuance 

The most common method of issuing WIC food benefits to participants is through the use of 

WIC checks or vouchers that are redeemable at authorized retailers. This method is used by 44 

States, 31 ITOs, and five territories, or 89 percent of all SAs. Two States (Mississippi and Vermont) 

provide direct distribution of foods to WIC participants; and five States and three ITOs operate 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

8

statewide electronic benefit transfer (EBT) systems (Figure 1). As of September 2010, Kentucky was 

operating a pilot EBT system and an additional 18 SAs were in the EBT planning stages. 

Figure 1. WIC Food Delivery Systems in the 50 States and the District of Columbia, FY2010 

WIC checks/vouchers and EBT cards are used in the retail food market. SAs identify specific 

food items eligible for WIC purchase and distribute that list to WIC participants and WIC retailers 

(or vendors) in the form of the “WIC food list.” A WIC food list is typically a full-color brochure 

listing specific brands, items, and package sizes eligible for purchase within each food category. Most 

SAs’ food lists are available on their web site. 

Foods included on SA food lists must satisfy Federal regulations. The Interim Rule, however, 

clarified that SA lists may also reflect more stringent criteria established by the SA. As a result, each 

SA has the discretion to establish its own list of authorized foods based on factors including the 

availability of certain foods within the State, the cost of individual foods and brands, the nutrient 

value of available foods, and (with FNS approval) variations in cultural eating patterns. 

C. The WIC Food Packages Study 

In October 2009, FNS awarded a contract to Mathematica Policy Research to assess and 

describe the implementation of the Interim Rule at the SA level and to describe the resulting food 

packages. Research questions defined for the study include: 

7. How did SAs respond to optional provisions of the Interim Rule? 

8. What specific foods did SAs include on their food list when implementing the revised 

food packages? 

9. What changes are observed on WIC food lists, pre- and post-implementation of the 

Interim Rule, including food categories that were not directly affected by the Interim 

Rule? 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

9

As noted previously, all SAs were required to implement the Interim Rule by October 2009. 

Therefore, to answer these questions, we compiled a database of foods approved by each SA as of 

October 2009, as well as foods that were approved in the period immediately preceding 

implementation of the Interim Rule.17 We also compiled information from WIC State Plans, vendor 

manuals, and grocery shopping guides, if available. 

Chapter II describes the policy options available to SAs and their response to those options. 

Chapter III describes the food items listed on WIC food lists as of October 2009 and Chapter IV 

describes changes in WIC food lists from FY 2009 to FY 2010. Chapter V summarizes the findings. 

 17 Most SAs (62 of 90) implemented the Interim Rule on October 1, 2009; 27 implemented prior to October 1, 

2009; and Montana implemented on November 30, 2009. Generally SAs revise their food list on an annual or biennial 

basis with a new food list issued at the start of the federal fiscal year (October 1). Thus the pre-implementation food list 

for all states was the food list effective on October 1, 2008. 
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

11

II. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY OPTIONS INCLUDED IN THE INTERIM RULE 

The WIC Interim Rule introduced several new policy options that may be adopted by SAs. 

Options provide flexibility for including or excluding certain forms of foods or substitute foods, and 

for tailoring food packages on an individual basis. SAs may also adopt certain policies governing the 

redemption of fruit and vegetable cash value vouchers (CVVs). The available policy options include: 

 Allowing frozen, canned, and dried fruits and vegetables as alternatives to fresh 

 Redemption of multiple CVVs in a single transaction 

 Redemption of CVVs in a combination tender transaction whereby participants “pay the 

difference” when the fruits and/or vegetables exceed the value of the CVV 

 Redemption of CVVs at farmers’ markets 

 Allowing soy beverages and/or tofu as milk substitutes 

 Allowing specific Federally authorized whole grains (brown rice, bulgur, barley, oatmeal, 

and soft corn or whole-wheat tortillas) as alternatives to 100% whole-wheat bread 

Allowing at least two different types of canned fish (SAs may can choose from tuna, 

salmon, sardines, and mackerel). 

 Package tailoring with different combinations of dry beans and peanut butter 

 Package tailoring with infant formula in the first month after birth 

 Food package adjustments to accommodate the special needs of homeless participants 

 “Rounding up” of infant formula and infant food container sizes. 

In deciding which policy options to implement, SAs may consider the food preferences of their 

participant population, characteristics of their vendors, and the relative balance between increased 

flexibility and increased administrative complexity. 

A. Fruit and Vegetable Policy Options 

Under the Interim Rule, all SAs are required to authorize fresh fruit and vegetable (F&V) 

purchases through a CVV system. SAs have the option to authorize processed forms of F&V 

(canned, frozen, dried). As of October 2009, about half of all SAs authorized canned F&V, more 

than three-quarters authorized frozen F&V, and fewer than five percent authorized dried F&V 

(Table 3). With a couple of exceptions, policies for processed forms of F&V are consistent within a 

SA.18

Table 3 shows the number and percentage of SAs that authorized each form of F&V, as of 

October 2009. These numbers are shown separately for the 50 States and the District of Columbia 

(columns 1 and 2); Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs) and territories (columns 3 and 4); and all SAs 

 18 Montana and one ITO allow frozen vegetables but not frozen fruit, one ITO allows dried fruit but not dried 

vegetables, and another ITO allows canned vegetables but not canned fruit 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

12

(columns 5 and 6). The final column of the table shows the percentage of all WIC participants who 

are affected by the policy option—that is, the percentage of all WIC participants who are served by 

SAs that adopted each policy option. All tables in this chapter and the next chapter follow the same 

format. 

Table 3. Processed Forms of Fruits and Vegetables Allowed by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 

Allowing processed F&V allows WIC participants to select less perishable options, or make 

more economical use of WIC benefits when fresh F&V are not in season. Most SAs allow some 

processed forms of F&V. Consequently, only 16 percent of WIC participants are restricted solely to 

fresh F&V purchases. More than half of WIC participants may purchase canned F&V and more 

than three-quarters of WIC participants may purchase frozen F&V. Because fewer than five percent 

of SAs approve dried F&V, the proportion of WIC participants nationwide who are allowed to 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

13

purchase these items is negligible. Figure 2 identifies States (including the District of Columbia) that 

restrict participants to fresh F&V and those that allow one or more processed forms of F&V. 

Figure 2. States Allowing Processed Forms of Fruits and Vegetables, October 2009 

Cash Value Voucher (CVV) Policies 

Under the new food packages, WIC participants receive CVVs for the purchase of fruits and 

vegetables. Food Package IV provides a $6 CVV for children; Food Packages V, VI, and VII 

provide a $10 CVV for pregnant, partially breastfeeding, and fully breastfeeding women. The CVV 

provides participants with flexibility in choosing the varieties and quantities of fruits and vegetables 

they purchase. However, there is some burden on participants to determine the dollar value of their 

selections prior to check-out so that they do not exceed the value of the CVV. SAs may adopt two 

policy options to ease this burden on participants. 

One option is to allow WIC participants to combine multiple CVVs in a single transaction to 

make larger purchases of fruits and vegetables. This option may benefit families with multiple WIC 

participants because they would not have to group items for separate checkout according to two 

voucher dollar amounts. This option has been adopted by 34 percent of SAs, representing 34 

percent of WIC participants (Table 4 and Figure 3); however, information about this option was not 

available in the State Plans of 20 SAs that represent six percent of WIC participants. 

A second option is to permit WIC participants to combine CVVs with cash (or other tender) 

when the F&V purchase exceeds the voucher amount. This alleviates the burden of calculating the 

purchase amount prior to checkout, or experiencing delays at checkout when there is a need to 

return items to lower the purchase amount. When the use of cash is not allowed, participants may 

have difficulty calculating the exact weight-combination of fresh fruits and vegetables to match the 

value of their voucher, resulting in purchases with a value below the full benefit. In total, 61 percent 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

14

of SAs, which account for 75 percent of WIC participants, permit participants to pay the difference 

when the F&V purchase exceeds the CVV (Table 4 and Figure 3). 

Table 4. Cash Value Voucher (CVV) Policies for Purchase of Fruits and Vegetables, October 2009 

Figure 3. Percentages of WIC Participants with CVV Redemption Options, October 2009 

Another policy option that SAs can consider in regard to F&V CVVs is whether to permit WIC 

participants to redeem F&V CVVs at farmers’ markets. This policy was adopted by 13 States and the 

District of Columbia (Figure 4). Most of the remaining States reported that CVVs were not 

34%

75%

61%

24%

6%

1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Combine

multiple CVVs

Pay difference

when purchase

exceeds CVV

Not reported

No

Yes
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

15

authorized at farmers’ markets. Guam authorizes CVV redemption at farmers’ markets; however, 

information about this option was not available for almost half of the ITOs and territories (Table 4). 

Figure 4. Authorization of WIC Cash Value Voucher Redemption at Farmers Markets, October 2009 

B. Food Substitutions and Alternatives 

The Interim Rule provides agencies with the option to authorize substitutes for milk, wholegrain alternatives to 100% whole-wheat bread, and a minimum of two varieties of canned fish 

(previously, only canned light tuna was authorized). For the most part, if SAs authorize substitutes 

for whole milk or alternatives to 100% whole-wheat bread, those foods are included on the WIC 

food list and become an option for all participants who receive food packages that include the food. 

This is different from food package tailoring, whereby a local WIC clinic tailors the food package for 

an individual participant and provides food instruments (checks, vouchers, EBT prescription) that 

specifically authorize the foods in the tailored package. 

This section also describes SA policies related to accommodating Halal and Kosher foods. SAs 

have always had the option to accommodate these religious needs. However, prior to this study, no 

information was available about how many SAs actually authorize these substitutions. 

Soy Beverages and Tofu as Milk Substitutes 

The Interim Rule provides the option to authorize soy beverages and/or calcium-set tofu as 

alternatives to milk for women receiving Food Packages V, VI and VII. Soy-based beverages may be 

substituted for milk on a one-to-one basis up to the maximum prescription; tofu may be substituted 

at the rate of 1 pound of tofu per 1 quart of milk up to a maximum of 4 quarts of milk in Food 

Packages V and VI, and 6 quarts in Food Package VII. Soy beverages and tofu may be substituted 

for milk for children in Food Package IV only with medical documentation. Amounts of tofu that 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

16

exceed the maximum substitution amounts may be authorized for women, with medical 

documentation, in cases of lactose intolerance or other qualifying conditions. 

 There is considerable geographic variation in the implementation of the option to allow milk 

substitutes. As Figure 5 shows, 11 States do not authorize milk substitutes, 14 authorize soy 

beverages; 3 authorize tofu; and 23 authorize both soy beverages and tofu. About the same 

percentage of ITOs and territories authorized soy beverages as States (70 percent), but fewer ITOs 

and territories authorized tofu (25 percent compared with 50 percent of States) (Table 5). 

Nationwide, 52 percent of WIC participants enrolled through SAs that offer both milk substitutes, 

30 percent of participants are in SAs that offer one of the two alternatives, and 19 percent of 

participants are in SAs that did not authorize either soy beverages or tofu. 

Figure 5. Authorization of Soy Beverages and Tofu as Milk Substitutes, October 2009 

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

17

Table 5. WIC State Agency Policies for Food Substitutes and Alternatives, October 2009 

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

18

Substitution of Kosher and Halal Foods 

SAs have always had the authority to allow substitutions to meet specific religious needs. In 

reviewing State plans, it was possible to gather data on explicit policies authorizing or denying 

substitutions of kosher and halal foods based on participants’ religious needs. The prevalence of 

these two tailoring options is summarized in Figure 6. 

Approximately one-quarter of SAs explicitly permit kosher, but not halal, food substitutions. 

Policies allowing tailoring to accommodate both kosher and halal foods were adopted by a small 

percentage of SAs. Six percent of SAs, covering 19 percent of WIC beneficiaries, have tailoring 

policies that allow both kosher and halal food substitutions. 

Figure 6. Authorization of Kosher and Halal Substitutions 

Substitutions for 100% Whole-Wheat Bread 

The Interim Rule requires all SAs to provide 100% whole-wheat bread in Food Packages IV, V, 

and VII. SAs may authorize several other whole-grain products as alternatives to whole-wheat bread: 

whole-grain bread, 100% whole-wheat rolls and buns, wheat or corn tortillas, brown rice, oatmeal, 

barley, and bulgur. If adopted, all alternatives are included on the WIC food list as options for 

participants. The maximum allowed purchase quantity for the whole-grains food category is one 

pound regardless of type or number of options on the food list. Thus, WIC participants may 

purchase a 16 oz loaf of 100% whole-wheat bread, a 16 oz package of whole-grain tortillas, or 1 

pound of brown rice; but may not combine multiple forms of whole grains within a one-month 

WIC food package allotment. 

Across all 90 SAs, 89 percent of WIC participants have the option to purchase tortillas, 94 

percent may purchase brown rice, 47 percent may purchase oats, and about 20 percent may purchase 

barley or bulgur (Table 5). Less than one percent of all WIC participants are restricted to only 100% 

whole-wheat bread when obtaining WIC whole grains. 

Figure 7 shows the variation in the combinations of whole grains adopted by the 50 States and 

the District of Columbia as of October 2009. The two most common combinations of whole-grain 

options are: 1) tortillas and brown rice (selected by 25 States); and 2) tortillas, brown rice, and oats 

(selected by 14 States). None of the other possible combinations were chosen by more than five 

17%

6% 34%

22% 19%

6%

36%

19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percent of

WIC State agencies

Percent of

WIC participants

Not specified

No substitutions

Kosher and Halal

Kosher
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

19

States. Only two states (California and Tennessee) authorized all of the available whole-grain 

options. 

Figure 7. Whole-Grain Alternatives to Whole-Wheat Bread, October 2009 

One concern for SAs was the availability of 16 oz loafs of bread in the marketplace, where the 

most common size is 24 oz. Product availability is reflected in part by the number of authorized 

brands of whole-wheat and/or whole-grain bread on WIC food lists as of October 2009 (Figure 8). 

Eighty percent of SAs, representing 96 percent of participants, listed four or more brands of bread 

on the food list. Many SAs revised their list of authorized whole-grain bread during the fiscal year 

following implementation of the revised food packages.19

 19 In June 2010, Mathematica asked SAs to verify the information that we compiled from their food lists and other 

documents. Many SAs informed us of revised whole-grain options. Revisions were not incorporated in this report, 

because the intent was to represent food lists as of October 2009. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Figure 8. Brands of Whole-Wheat and Whole-Grain Bread 

Alternatives to Canned Tuna 

Prior to the Interim Rule, fully breastfeeding women received 26 oz. of canned tuna in Food 

Package VII. The Interim Rule provided for a slight increase in the canned fish prescription (to 30 

oz.) and gave SAs the option to offer three additional types of canned fish on their food list: 

salmon, sardines, and/or mackerel (SAs must authorize at least two types of canned fish). 

Table 5 shows that all SAs authorize tuna. Salmon is the next most commonly authorized type 

of canned fish, allowed by 91 percent of SAs and available to 92 percent of all WIC participants. 

Sardines are authorized by 61 percent of SAs and are available to 44 percent of WIC participants. 

Mackerel is authorized by only 6 percent of SAs, representing less than one percent of WIC 

participants. 

C. Food Package Tailoring Policies 

The Interim Rule provides SAs with the flexibility to tailor food packages for individual 

participants according to individual food preferences or special needs, and within specific 

parameters. Optional tailoring permitted in the Interim Rule include allowing different combinations of legumes and peanut butter; authorization of infant formula during the first month of 

birth; and accommodations to meet special needs of homeless participants. 

Legume and Peanut Butter Combinations in Food Packages V and VII 

The Interim Rule allows SAs the option of tailoring individual participant food packages to 

include different combinations of canned beans, dry beans, and peanut butter. Previously, Food 

Packages V and VII included one pound of dry beans which could be substituted with 18 oz of 

peanut butter. The Interim Rule increased Food Package V and VII prescriptions to include one 

pound of beans and 18 oz of peanut butter. SAs have the flexibility to substitute foods – providing 

only beans, only peanut butter, or alternative combinations of the two – within six specified 

combinations. Table 6 shows the prevalence of each allowed legume and peanut butter combination 

among all WIC agencies. 

Of the six allowed combinations of legumes and peanut butter, 91 percent of SAs provide the 

standard package of 1 pound of dry beans and 18 oz of peanut butter. Each of the tailoring options 

was adopted by less than half of SAs: 29 percent offer 1 pound of dry beans and 64 oz of canned 

beans, 41 percent offer 2 pounds of dry beans and no peanut butter, 32 percent offer 128 ounces of 

22% 21%

27%

17%

6%

17%

26% 28%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1‐345‐7 8 or more

Percent of

WIC State agencies

Percent of

WIC participants
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

21

canned beans and no dry beans or peanut butter, 37 percent offer 36 oz of peanut butter, and 37 

percent offer 64 oz of canned beans and 18 oz of peanut butter. Overall, 72 percent of WIC 

participants are enrolled through SAs that offer canned beans. 

There is a great deal of variation in the number of possible bean and legume combinations 

adopted by SAs to allow for tailoring purposes. Nineteen percent of all WIC participants nationwide 

are enrolled in SAs that offer only one combination of beans and legumes, while 37 percent are in 

SAs offering four or more potential combinations (Table 6). 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Table 6. Legume and Peanut Butter Combinations in Food Packages V and VII, October 2009 

Infant Formula During the First Month of Life 

The Interim Rule provides SAs the option to authorize infant formula in the first month after 

birth for partially breastfed infants. SAs may choose not to permit formula purchases in the first 

month after birth to promote breastfeeding or reduce program costs. Two-thirds of SAs, enrolling 

60 percent of WIC participants, adopted the option of authorizing infant formula purchases during 

the first month after birth (Figure 9). SAs adopting the option included 71 percent of the 50 States 

and the District of Columbia, and 62 percent of ITOs and territories (data not shown). However, 

information about this option was not available from all SAs, including 21percent of the ITOs and 

territories. 

Figure 9. Infant Formula Offered in the First Month 

67% 60%

23% 39%

10% 0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percent of

WIC State agencies

Percent of

WIC participants

Not reported

No

Yes
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Special Provisions for Homeless Participants 

 Homeless WIC participants may not have adequate food storage for perishable foods, and may 

lack access to safe water supplies or cooking facilities. The vast majority (84 percent) of SAs 

explicitly allow food package tailoring to meet the special needs of homeless participants. Table 7 

presents the reasons that SAs consider in the optional tailoring policies that are implemented for 

homeless participants. 

Table 7. Special Provisions Reported for Homeless Participants, October 2009 

D. Rounding Up of Package Sizes for Infant Formula and Infant Foods 

Under the Interim Rule, SAs may “round up” to the next whole container for infant formula to 

provide at least the full nutrition benefit (FNB) to participants. SAs may also “round up” to the next 

whole container of infant foods (infant cereal, fruits and meats) if needed to provide at least the 

maximum authorized amount of these foods.20 SAs that use this option must determine the total 

amount of infant formula or infant foods provided based on the specific methodology included in 

the Interim Rule. Using this methodology, the issuance of infant formula or food in a given month 

may exceed the maximum monthly allowance or fall below the full nutritional benefit (FNB). 

However, the cumulative average over the issuance timeframe may not fall below the FNB. 

Information about the use of the “rounding up” option was not available for about a quarter of 

SAs.21 However, the data that are available suggest that relatively few SAs have implemented this 

 20 Interim rule, page 68994. 

21 States were asked to verify and supplement the information obtained from State WIC plans, however, 24 SAs (6 

States, 17 ITOs, and 1 territory) did not respond to the request for verification. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

24

option. Eighteen percent of SAs, representing 35 percent of all WIC participants use this option for 

infant formula, while 12 percent of SAs representing only 10 percent of all WIC participants use it 

for infant foods (Figure 10). 

Figure 10. Use of “Rounding Up” Option for Infant Formula and Infant Foods 

Infant Formula Infant Food 

18%

35%

58%

58%

24%

7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percent of

WIC State agencies

Percent of

WIC participants

12% 10%

63%

84%

24%

6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percent of

WIC State agencies

Percent of

WIC participants

Not reported

No

Yes
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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III. CONTENTS OF WIC FOOD LISTS AFTER 

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERIM RULE 

The Interim Rule introduced new foods as well as changes to existing foods in WIC food 

packages. Information about foods available in WIC food packages is communicated to WIC 

participants and vendors primarily through the WIC food list. With implementation of the Interim 

Rule, SAs revised food lists to incorporate information about: 

 Fruits and vegetables 

 Whole grains 

 Infant foods (fruits and vegetables, and meats) 

 Milk substitutes (if applicable) 

 Additional canned fish options (if applicable) 

 Whole-grain cereals 

In addition, SAs changed specifications about allowed package sizes or added additional 

package sizes to enable participants to obtain the full amounts of food provided in revised food 

package prescriptions. 

This chapter describes the contents of FY2010 WIC food lists—the foods available to WIC 

participants after implementation of the Interim Rule (as of October 2009).22 Chapter IV compares 

FY2009 and FY2010 food lists, describing foods available immediately before and after 

implementation of the Interim Rule. Both chapters are based on data extracted from food lists 

obtained from each of the 90 SAs. 

Information about the content of FY2010 food lists is presented in two sections. The first 

section covers milk, cheese, eggs, and legumes—food categories that contain staple or commodity 

foods for which there is little brand name product differentiation. The second section focuses on 

breakfast cereals, juices, and infant foods—food categories that include a substantial amount of 

brand name differentiation. Fruits and vegetables and whole grains were discussed in Chapter II and 

are not discussed further in this chapter. For all food categories, we describe the variety of foods 

authorized along three dimensions: authorized varieties or forms, package sizes, and allowed brands. 

Appendix A contains tables with information for each SA, corresponding to the tables included in 

this chapter. 

A. Milk, Cheese, Eggs, and Legumes 

The Interim Rule reduced quantities of milk, cheese, and eggs in WIC food packages; 

authorized milk substitutes (soy beverages and tofu); disallowed whole milk for women and children 

over age 2; authorized canned beans as a substitute for dry beans; and allowed flexibility in 

 22 Information for Montana is from the food list issued in November 2009, the time at which Montana 

implemented the Interim Rule. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

26

prescribing combinations of dry beans, canned beans, and peanut butter. These options are 

discussed in the sections below. 

Milk and Milk Substitutes 

Prior to the Interim Rule, there were no restrictions on the fat content of milk included in WIC 

food packages. As of FY2010, whole milk is allowed only for one-year-old children and lower-fat 

milks, i.e., reduced-fat, low fat, and nonfat milks are provided to women and children age 2 and 

older. SA food lists in FY2010 indicate that whole milk is allowed “only if specified on check.” For 

women and children age 2 and older, SAs were free to specify the allowed types of reduced-fat milk, 

which could include skim, 1%, and 2% milks. The majority of SAs (82 percent) allow all three of 

these milk options. Thirteen percent of SAs allow only 1% or skim milks, and one SA allows only 

2% and skim milk. Three SAs (3 percent) did not specify milk fat content (Table 8). 

Container types and package sizes are specified on WIC food lists for the purpose of 

encouraging full redemption of food package amounts at the most economical price. Food Package 

IV (children) provides 16 quarts of milk and Food Packages V-VII (women) provide 22, 16, and 24 

quarts of milk, respectively. With the exception of Food Package V, these amounts can be easily 

obtained with gallon-size containers, which is the most readily available package size in most food 

retail locations.23 

Milk prescriptions may be reduced by milk substitutes: 

 Children (Food Package IV) – Cheese may be substituted for milk at the rate of 1 pound 

of cheese per 3 quarts of milk. With medical documentation, soy beverages may be 

substituted for milk on a quart-for-quart basis, and 1 pound of calcium-set tofu may be 

substituted for 1 quart of milk. 

 Women (Food Packages V-VII) – Cheese or calcium-set tofu may be substituted for 

milk at the rate of 1 pound of cheese per 3 quarts of milk, or 1 pound of tofu per 1 quart 

of milk. A maximum of 4 quarts of milk can be substituted in Food Packages V and VI 

and 6 quarts of milk can be substituted in Food Package VII; with no more than 1 

pound of cheese substituted for milk.24 Soy beverages may be substituted for milk on a 

quart-for-quart basis up to the maximum prescription. 

Substitution of cheese for milk reduces the milk prescription in each Food Package to an 

amount that can be fully redeemed only by combining gallon and quart containers of milk. Most SAs 

provide flexibility with regard to package size for all WIC participants: 71 percent of SAs allow any 

package size of milk. Other SAs provide flexibility on an individual basis (according to whether 

cheese is substituted). Eleven percent of SAs, allow purchase of gallons only unless specified 

otherwise on the check and 10 percent of SAs do not allow quarts unless specified on the check 

(Table 8). 

 

 23 There are four quarts to a gallon, so 16 quarts = 4 gallons, 22 quarts = 5.5 gallons, and 24 quarts = 6 gallons. 

24 Food Package IV provides 24 quarts of milk and 1 lb of cheese; additional substitution of milk is capped such 

that women do not receive more than 2 lbs of cheese. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Table 8. Milk and Milk Substitutes Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Milk Substitutes 

All SAs have the option to authorize soy-based beverages and tofu as milk substitutes.25 The 

availability of soy and tofu is summarized in Table 8. Three quarters of SAs authorize soy beverages. 

Only 40 percent of SAs (26 states and 10 ITOs/territories) authorize tofu, however, these include 

large SAs that enroll 62 percent of all WIC participants. Among SAs that offer soy beverages, about 

half of WIC participants are in SAs that offer refrigerated packages, while the other half have of 

participants are in SAs that offer refrigerated or shelf-stable packages. Refrigerated soy beverages are 

most commonly authorized in half-gallon size, and shelf-stable soy beverages are most commonly 

authorized in quarts. 

Alternatives to Regular Fluid Cow’s Milk 

Alternatives to regular (white) fluid cow’s milk are authorized by Federal regulations and 

allowed at state discretion. Milk may be flavored or unflavored; fluid, shelf-stable, evaporated, or 

dried (i.e., powder); cultured (e.g., buttermilk, acidophilus); calcium fortified; lactose-reduced and 

lactose-free; or UHT pasteurized. These alternatives may be included on the WIC food list and 

available to all WIC participants, or listed as available “only if specified on check.” The prevalence of 

each milk alternative is shown in Table 8. 

Lactose-reduced and/or lactose-free milk is available in all SAs and is most commonly allowed 

in quart containers (73 percent of SAs, representing 84 percent of all participants). Only eight 

percent of SAs require lactose-reduced/lactose-free milk to be purchased in gallon sizes; 16 percent 

require half-gallon sizes; and two percent require half-gallon or gallon sizes. 

Among other alternatives to fluid cow’s milk, dry milk and evaporated milk are the most 

commonly available options. Seventy-four percent of SAs authorize dry milk and 70 percent 

authorize evaporated milk; these SAs enroll 91 and 83 percent of all WIC participants, respectively. 

Acidophilus is authorized by 46 percent of SAs, representing 25 percent of WIC participants. Less 

frequently authorized alternatives include buttermilk (29 percent of SAs), UHT milk (26 percent), 

goat’s milk (26 percent), flavored milk (16 percent), and calcium-fortified milk (9 percent). Only one 

SA—Montana—authorizes organic milk (data not shown). 

Cheese 

As discussed above, a maximum of one pound of cheese may be substituted for fluid milk in 

Food Packages IV through VII. Fully breastfeeding women receive one pound of cheese in addition 

to any cheese substituted for milk, for a maximum of two pounds of cheese. Maximum cheese 

amounts were reduced by the Interim Rule; previously, up to four pounds of cheese could be 

obtained through substitution for fluid milk. 

Table 9 shows the prevalence of cheese varieties, package sizes, and forms of cheese included 

on FY2010 WIC food lists. Cheddar is the most commonly allowed variety of cheese, authorized by 

all SAs except two small ITOs. The next most common varieties are Mozzarella (96 percent of SAs), 

Colby (91 percent) and Monterey Jack (89 percent). Nearly three-quarters of SAs (73 

 25 SAs may also authorize cheese as a milk substitute. The types of cheese offered on WIC food lists are discussed 

in the next section. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Table 9. Cheese Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 

States ITOs & Territories All WIC State Agencies Total WIC

Number Percent of

agencies Number Percent ofagencies Number Percent ofagencies

Percent of

participants

Most common types or varieties

American ...................................... 38 74.5 28 71.8 66 73.3 66.5

Brick .............................................. 5 9.8 6 15.4 11 12.2 10.6

Cheddar ........................................ 51 100.0 37 94.9 88 97.8 100.0

Colby ............................................ 45 88.2 37 94.9 82 91.1 89.2

Monterey Jack .............................. 44 86.3 36 92.3 80 88.9 89.2

Mozzarella .................................... 50 98.0 36 92.3 86 95.6 96.8

Muenster ....................................... 17 33.3 14 35.9 31 34.4 29.2

Provolone ..................................... 12 23.5 6 15.4 18 20.0 22.5

Swiss ............................................ 28 54.9 19 48.7 47 52.2 42.6

Number of varieties

2-3 ................................................ 4 7.8 2 5.1 6 6.7 7.3

4-5 ................................................ 20 39.2 16 41.0 36 40.0 51.3

6-7 ................................................ 18 35.3 16 41.0 34 37.8 21.3

8-9 ................................................ 9 17.6 4 10.3 13 14.4 20.0

Package size

Less than 16 oz allowed ............... 26 51.0 17 43.6 43 47.8 44.3

16 oz only ..................................... 17 33.3 10 25.6 27 30.0 30.7

16 or 32 oz .................................... 5 9.8 5 12.8 10 11.1 15.2

Not specified ................................. 3 5.9 7 17.9 10 11.1 9.8

Other allowed forms

Deli

Yes ........................................... 3 5.9 3 7.7 6 6.7 7.4

No ............................................. 39 76.5 24 61.5 63 70.0 80.5

Not specified ............................. 9 17.6 12 30.8 21 23.3 12.1

Sliced

Any variety ................................ 27 52.9 21 53.8 48 53.3 53.3

Any variety, incl. indiv wrapped 1 2.0 – – 1 1.1 0.3

American, not indiv wrapped .... 10 19.6 1 2.6 11 12.2 16.2

American, indiv wrapped .......... 1 2.0 1 2.6 2 2.2 0.3

Not allowed ............................... 14 27.5 6 15.4 20 22.2 28.1

Not specified ............................. 1 2.0 10 25.6 11 12.2 0.7

Shredded

Yes ........................................... 1 2.0 – – 1 1.1 0.8

Not specified ............................. 50 98.0 39 100.0 89 98.9 99.2

String

Yes ........................................... 11 21.6 9 23.1 20 22.2 31.9

No ............................................. 40 78.4 29 74.4 69 76.7 68.1

Fat free

Yes ........................................... 13 25.5 3 7.7 16 17.8 32.5

No ............................................. 5 9.8 – – 5 5.6 5.2

Not specified ............................. 33 64.7 36 92.3 69 76.7 62.3

Low cholesterol

Yes ........................................... 9 17.6 2 5.1 11 12.2 18.1

No ............................................. 4 7.8 – – 4 4.4 21.3

Not specified ............................. 38 74.5 37 94.9 75 83.3 60.6

Low sodium

Yes ........................................... 16 31.4 5 12.8 21 23.3 44.2

See footnotes at end of table.

DRAFT Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. 12
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

30

Table 9 (continued) 

percent) authorize American cheese and one-half of SAs authorize Swiss cheese. Less commonly 

authorized varieties of cheese include Muenster (34 percent of SAs), Provolone (20 percent) and 

Brick (12 percent). Marbled or blended cheeses are allowed by 28 percent of SAs (data not shown). 

Forty percent of SAs authorize four or five varieties of cheese. Thirty eight percent of SAs authorize 

6-7 varieties and 14 percent authorize 8-9 varieties. 

Only two quantities of cheese may be included in WIC food packages: one pound of cheese as a 

milk substitute; or two pounds in Food Package VII, if one pound is obtained as a milk substitute. 

Thirty percent of SAs allow cheese to be purchased only in 16 ounce (one pound) package sizes. 

Forty eight percent of SAs allow participants to purchase multiple packages of less than 16 ounces 

that sum to the full prescription; 11 percent allow only 16 or 32 ounce packages and 11 percent do 

not specify package size(s) on the food list. 

All SAs authorize purchase of cheese in block form. In addition to block cheese, sliced cheese is 

the most commonly allowed form, with 69 percent of SAs allowing some form of sliced cheese. As 

shown in Table 9, some SAs allow any variety of cheese to be purchased as slices, while other SAs 

restrict sliced cheese to American and specify “individually wrapped” or “not individually wrapped.” 

String cheese is allowed by 22 percent of SAs, but shredded cheese is allowed by only one SA 

(Iowa). 

According to Federal regulations, “cheeses that are labeled low, free, reduced, less or light in the 

nutrients of sodium, fat or cholesterol are WIC-eligible.” These specifications are included in fewer 

than half of SA food lists: low-fat (47 percent), low-sodium (23 percent), fat-free (18 percent), and 

low-cholesterol (12 percent). Most SAs neither allow nor disallow these low- or light nutrient forms 

of cheese; only nine percent of SAs explicitly disallow low-fat cheese and fewer than five percent of 

SAs explicitly disallow the other low/light options. 

Eggs 

The Interim Rule reduced quantities of eggs from 2 or 2.5 dozen eggs per month to a maximum 

of one dozen eggs per month for Food Packages IV-VI and 2 dozen for Food Package VII (fully 

breastfeeding women). 

SA food lists typically specify the size of eggs that may be purchased (small, medium, large, 

extra-large) and may specify the grade of eggs. Most commonly (40 percent of SAs, representing 54 

percent of all WIC participants) large eggs are authorized (Table 10). Twenty-seven percent of SAs 

authorized medium and large eggs and 21 percent of SAs authorized small, medium and large eggs. 

States ITOs & Territories All WIC State Agencies Total WIC

Number Percent of

agencies Number Percent ofagencies Number Percent ofagencies

Percent of

participants

Other allowed forms

No ............................................. 3 5.9 – – 3 3.3 5.0

Not specified ............................. 32 62.7 34 87.2 66 73.3 50.8

– Value is zero.

DRAFT Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. 13
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

31

Table 10. Eggs Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 

Among SAs specifying the grade of eggs, most allow Grade A and Grade AA; however, 44 

percent of SAs, representing over half of all WIC participants, do not specify a grade of eggs on the 

food list. 

Only 19 percent of SAs specifically authorize the purchase of brown eggs. Another 17 percent 

of SAs do not specify white or brown eggs. 

Approximately one-third of SAs (34 percent) do not specify a package size for eggs. However, 

more than 60 percent of SAs (63 percent) explicitly disallow half-dozen packages. Half-dozen 

packages are authorized by only one state (Alaska) and one ITO. 

Legumes 

The Interim Rule included several changes for legume prescriptions. Canned beans are now 

allowed as a substitute for dry beans in all food packages for women and children. Prior to the 

Interim Rule, canned beans were allowed only for WIC participants who lacked cooking facilities. In 

addition, SAs have flexibility in tailoring individual food packages to include different combinations 

of canned beans, dry beans, and peanut butter. Table 6 in Chapter 2 presented information about 

legume and peanut butter combinations adopted by WIC agencies. 

Quantities of legumes were not changed for children (Food Package IV), who receive 1 pound 

of dry beans (or 64 ounces of canned) and 18 oz of peanut butter. These same quantities were added 

to Food Package VI (postpartum women), which did not previously include legumes. Quantities of 

States ITOs & Territories All WIC State Agencies Total WIC

Number Percent of

agencies Number Percent ofagencies Number Percent ofagencies

Percent of

participants

Size

Any size ........................................ 1 2.0 3 7.7 4 4.4 1.5

Small, Medium, Large ................... 10 19.6 9 23.1 19 21.1 25.7

Medium, Large .............................. 13 25.5 11 28.2 24 26.7 14.8

Large only ..................................... 25 49.0 11 28.2 36 40.0 53.9

Other ............................................. 1 2.0 3 7.7 4 4.4 0.9

Not specified ................................. 1 2.0 2 5.1 3 3.3 3.2

Grade

Grade A only ................................. 12 23.5 4 10.3 16 17.8 17.6

Grade AA only .............................. 1 2.0 2 5.1 3 3.3 0.8

Both .............................................. 14 27.5 17 43.6 31 34.4 27.7

Not specified ................................. 24 47.1 16 41.0 40 44.4 53.9

Other Specifications

Brown eggs

Yes ............................................... 11 21.6 6 15.4 17 18.9 15.5

No ................................................. 36 70.6 22 56.4 58 64.4 77.2

Not specified ................................. 4 7.8 11 28.2 15 16.7 7.3

Half dozen

Yes ............................................... 1 2.0 1 2.6 2 2.2 0.3

No ................................................. 36 70.6 21 53.8 57 63.3 69.9

Not specified ................................. 14 27.5 17 43.6 31 34.4 29.8

DRAFT Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. 11
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

32

legumes were increased in Food Packages V and VII (pregnant, partially breastfeeding and fully 

breastfeeding women) to include both one pound of beans and 18 oz of peanut butter. 

Dry and Canned Beans 

Federal regulations describe mature legumes as any type of mature dry beans, peas, or lentils in 

dry-packaged or canned forms. Examples include but are not limited to black beans (‘‘turtle beans’’), 

black eyed peas (cowpeas of the blackeye variety, ‘‘cow beans’’), garbanzo beans (chickpeas), great 

northern beans, kidney beans, lima beans (‘‘butter beans’’), navy beans, pinto beans, soybeans, split 

peas, and lentils. All categories exclude soups. Canned beans may not contain added sugars, fats, oils 

or meat and may be regular or lower in sodium content. Baked beans may be provided for 

participants with limited cooking facilities. (Paragraph is from 7 CFR246.10 Table 4). 

In FY2010, WIC food lists for the majority (78 percent) of SAs included the general guidelines 

of Federal regulations, stating that participants may purchase “any variety of plain beans or peas.” 

Fewer than a quarter of SAs (22 percent) specified varieties of beans. Nine percent of SAs specified 

3-5 varieties, seven percent specified 6-8 varieties and seven percent specified more than eight 

varieties. Pinto beans and black beans were most commonly specified. Garbanzo, great northern, 

kidney, lima, navy, red and black eyed peas were less commonly specified —by only 10-13 percent 

of all SAs. Only two ITOs allow pink beans. Organic beans are allowed by only four SAs (California, 

Minnesota, Washington and the Pueblo of Zuni (NM)), enrolling 19 percent of WIC participants 

(data not shown). 

In FY2010, most SAs (77 percent) authorized dry beans and peas in one-pound packages only. 

Twelve percent of SAs authorized packages of less than one pound and only two percent of SAs 

authorized two-pound packages. 

In FY2010, more than three-quarters (77 percent) of SAs authorized canned beans (Table 11). 

Most of the SAs that authorize canned beans (64 percent) do not restrict participants’ choices with 

regard to variety of plain beans or peas. Among the 23 percent of SAs that list only specific varieties 

of canned beans, the authorized varieties are generally the same varieties allowed for dry beans. The 

majority (59 percent) of SAs do not mention baked beans on their food lists. Baked beans are 

explicitly disallowed by 34 percent of SAs and are authorized by seven percent of SAs.26 Similarly, 

the majority of SAs (72 percent) do not mention refried beans on their food lists. Refried beans are 

explicitly disallowed by 17 percent of SAs and are authorized by 11 percent of SAs. Food lists of 

most SAs (61 percent) do not mention low-sodium beans, although 13 percent of SAs, representing 

24 percent of WIC participants, explicitly allow low-sodium beans. 

As noted earlier, 64 ounces of canned beans may be substituted for 1 pound of dry beans. Most 

SAs allow canned beans in sizes smaller than 16 oz, to account for variations in container sizes 

available in the marketplace (Table 11). 

 26 Foods that are available to limited populations, such as baked beans for participants with limited cooking 

facilities, may or may not appear on the food list. These foods may be explicitly disallowed “unless specified on check” 

with allowed brands and package sizes listed for those who have these items listed on a check. Only six SAs (7%) list 

baked beans on the food list, but 56 SAs reported special provisions for participants who lack cooking facilities (Chapter 

2). 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

33

Table 11. Dry and Canned Beans Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

34

Peanut Butter 

WIC provides peanut butter as an alternative to dry or canned beans (Food Packages IV and 

VI) or in addition to dry or canned beans (Food Packages V and VII). Peanut butter is generally 

available in three varieties defined by the amount of chopped peanuts added at the end of the 

manufacturing process: creamy (or smooth); crunchy (chunky); and extra crunchy (super chunky). In 

addition, natural or old fashioned peanut butter is made without adding hydrogenated oils. Federal 

regulations allow “peanut butter and reduced fat peanut butter (must conform to FDA Standard of 

Identity (21 CFR 164.150)); creamy or chunky, regular or reduced fat, salted or unsalted.” 

Almost all SAs authorize creamy (97 percent) and crunchy (92 percent) varieties of peanut 

butter. Forty one percent of SAs authorize extra crunchy peanut butter and 37 percent authorize 

natural peanut butter. Most SAs authorize between two and four varieties of peanut butter. More 

than one-third of SAs (36 percent) provide a choice between creamy or crunchy. Roughly equivalent 

proportions of SAs (about 20 percent) allow a choice between three varieties (creamy, crunchy, and 

extra crunchy) or four varieties (all three of the preceding varieties plus natural peanut butter). 

Finally, 16 percent of SAs allow a choice between creamy, crunchy or natural peanut butter (Table 

12). 

Sixteen percent of SAs authorize reduced-fat peanut butter. Roughly one quarter of SAs 

(covering 40 percent of all WIC participants) allow low-sodium peanut butter and 19 percent of SAs 

(covering 30 percent of WIC participants) allow low-sugar peanut butter. Organic peanut butter is 

not allowed by any SA and is explicitly disallowed by 62 percent of SAs (data not shown). Fortified 

peanut butter and fresh ground peanut butter are each allowed in one SA, while these product forms 

are each explicitly disallowed by 21 percent of SAs (data not shown). Approximately half of all SAs 

(48 percent) allow only 18 oz packages of peanut butter; 47 percent allow sizes less than 18 oz, and 

six percent of SAs do not specify package sizes. 

Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Legumes and Milk Substitutes 

As noted at the beginning of this chapter, milk, cheese, eggs, and legumes may be considered 

staple or commodity foods for which there is little brand name product differentiation. Soy-based 

beverages and tofu (milk substitutes) are branded products that currently have limited availability 

under generic brands; peanut butter is a branded product also available under generic brands. 

Generic brands may include store brands and private labels, which are generally less expensive than 

national brands. 

The nature of milk, cheese, eggs, and beans as commodity items is reflected in the brand 

specifications on WIC food lists. Many SAs specify “any brand” of these foods on their WIC food 

list (Table 13). Some SAs require WIC participants to purchase the least expensive brand, defined as 

the least expensive product on the shelf at the time of purchase, for the size and type selected. Texas 

requires selection of “least expensive” in most food categories and also provides “not to exceed 

(NTE)” dollar values on the food list. Some SAs require store brand or private label items, although 

this is sometimes listed as “store brand preferred.” In the milk, cheese, egg, and legume categories, 

few SAs authorize specific national or regional brands, with the exception of soy-based beverages 

and tofu. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Table 12. Peanut Butter Varieties and Package Sizes Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 

2009 
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Table 13. Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Legumes, and Milk Substitutes, October 

2009 

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Table 13. (continued)

Forty percent of SAs allow any brand of milk, while another 40 percent authorize the least 

expensive brand (Table 13). Another 16 percent of SAs authorize only generic brands (store brand 

or private label). The Northern Mariana Islands authorizes only specific brands of UHT packaged 

milk; while 3 ITOs do not provide guidance with respect to milk brands. 

For eggs, cheese, and all types of legumes, the majority of SAs allow participants to purchase 

any brand. However, the SAs allowing any brand vary across food category, accounting for 49 

percent of WIC participants (cheese) to 82 percent of WIC participants (peanut butter) (Table 13). 

The percentage of WIC participants in SAs requiring least expensive brands is 37 percent for cheese, 

25 percent for eggs, 14 percent for dry beans, 2 percent for canned beans, and 5 percent for peanut 

butter. The least expensive requirement is least likely to be used for canned beans and peanut butter, 

which are characterized by product differentiation.27

With the exception of Montana, which lists specific brands of cheese including store brands, 

none of the 50 States or the District of Columbia limit purchases of milk, cheese, or eggs to specific 

brands. Several ITOs list a limited number of brands for these food categories. Specific brands are 

more likely to be listed on the food list for canned beans and peanut butter, although only 13 

 27 The percentage of SAs requiring least expensive canned beans, among agencies authorizing canned beans, is 2.7 

percent. 
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percent and three percent of WIC participants are in SAs that list specific brands in these categories, 

respectively. 

Compared to the wide choice available for other products, SAs allow less brand selection for 

soy beverages and tofu. This likely reflects the fact that some soy beverage and tofu products do not 

meet the nutrient requirements for WIC authorization. Eighty-four percent of the 67 SAs that 

authorize soy-based beverages permit only specific brands. Of these, approximately 45 percent allow 

one brand, another 45 percent allow two brands, and the remaining 10 percent allow three brands. 

Among the 40 percent of SAs that offer tofu, 86 percent permit only specific brands. Of these, 26 

percent allow only one brand of tofu, 39 percent allow two brands, and another 39 percent allow 

three or more brands. 

B. Branded Food ProductsJuice, Breakfast Cereals, Infant Foods, and 

Whole Grains 

Branded food products are discussed separately from commodity or staple foods because they 

are presented differently on WIC food lists. Juice and breakfast cereals are available as both national 

brand products and as generally lower priced generics (store brands and private labels). Infant foods 

are available from a small number of national brand manufacturers. Whole grains include a mix of 

branded items (bread, buns/rolls, and tortillas) and commodity items (brown rice, oats, barley and 

bulgur). These food categories typically require more space on the WIC food list, compared with the 

commodity items discussed in the previous section of this chapter, and many SAs provide pictures 

of food products to make it easier for WIC participants to identify authorized products. 

Juice 

The WIC program provides 100% unsweetened fruit juice or vegetable juice in Food Packages 

IV through VII (children and all women). According to Federal regulations, juice must contain at 

least 30 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C per 100 milliliters (mL) of juice.28 Juice may be fresh, from 

concentrate, frozen, canned, or shelf-stable. Vegetable juice may be regular or lower in sodium. 

The Interim Rule eliminated juice from Food Package II for older infants. For children and 

women, maximum juice prescriptions were reduced by about half: from 276 fluid ounces to 128 and 

144 fluid ounces, respectively, for Food Packages IV and V; from 192 to 96 fluid ounces for Food 

Package VI; and from 322 to 144 fluid ounces for Food Package VII. Prior to the Interim Rule, 

Federal regulations specified different juice quantities for fluid juice and reconstituted juice, to 

account for available package sizes; the Interim Rule includes one specification of fluid ounces of 

juice which may be obtained through combinations of single-strength and concentrated juice. 

Juice flavors 

Table 14 shows the flavors, brands, and package sizes of juice authorized by SAs following 

implementation of the Interim Rule. This table shows the most common single flavor juices on WIC 

food lists. All SAs offer apple and grape juice; nearly all SAs offer white grape and orange juice; and 

over 90 percent WIC participants reside in SAs that offer grapefruit and pineapple juice. 

 28 With the exception of 100 percent citrus juices, State agencies must verify the vitamin C content of all Stateapproved juices (7CFR246.10). 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Table 14. Juice Flavors, Brands, and Package Sizes on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 

Other juices are less common on WIC food lists. The percentages of WIC participants in SAs 

offering vegetable juice, tomato juice, and cranberry juice are 77 percent, 62 percent, and 46 percent, 

respectively. One-third of SAs authorize all nine of the most common single flavor juices, while 

others authorize a subset of those flavors. 
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Most SAs (81 percent) also authorize blended juice flavors. As listed in Table 14, each type of 

blend, for example, white grape blend, may represent one or more different flavors (e.g., white grape 

raspberry, white grape peach, white grape cranberry). Most WIC participants (82 percent) are 

enrolled in SAs that offer blended flavors, with orange and grape blends being most common 

(offered to 67 and 45 percent of participants, respectively).29 On average, WIC participants are 

authorized to obtain 7.7 single juice flavors and 2.4 flavor blends, for a total of over 10 choices 

(Table 15). 

Table 15. Average Number of Juice Flavors on WIC Food Lists, October 2009: Overall and By Type of 

Package and Brand 

WIC food lists typically specify different product brands and different package sizes for 

different flavors of juice. Many SAs allow “any brand” for citrus juices (orange, grapefruit, and 

pineapple), but only specific brands for non-citrus juices. “Any brand” is usually not allowed for 

non-citrus juice because Federal regulations require “With the exception of 100 percent citrus juices, 

State agencies must verify the vitamin C content of all State-approved juices.” Other differences in 

brands and package sizes for different flavors may be due to differences in product availability or 

cost considerations. 

 29 Table 14 lists “Any Juicy Juice flavor” as a separate flavor option because this is the way that SAs list the option 

on food lists. Juicy Juice offers 100% fruit juice in the following flavors: apple, berry, cherry, grape, mango, punch, 

tropical, white grape, apple raspberry, kiwi strawberry, strawberry banana, and orange tangerine. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Juice brands 

Table 14 summarizes the brands of juices allowed on WIC food lists. The categories are not 

mutually exclusive. Seventy percent of SAs allow “any brand” for at least some types of juice; over 

80 percent of SA allow both name brands (89 percent) and store brands or private labels (82 

percent) for some juices. Nine percent of SAs, representing nearly one-fourth of WIC participants, 

require purchase of the least expensive brand for some types of juice (generally citrus juices). 

The average numbers of flavors by brands are shown in Table 15. On average, WIC participants 

may obtain 4.4 flavors in “any brand,” 2 flavors are subject to least expensive restrictions, store 

brands or private labels may be purchased for 3.3 flavors, and 6 flavors are available as national 

brands. 

Juice package sizes 

As noted above, juice may be fresh, from concentrate, frozen, canned, or shelf-stable. In most 

States, WIC participants may choose combinations of single-strength and concentrated juice 

packages that sum to their maximum prescription. After implementation of the Interim Rule, which 

decreased allowed juice quantities, the most commonly authorized package sizes for juice were 

small sizes of frozen concentrate (97 percent of SAs) and 64 oz bottles (93 percent of SAs).30 Fortyone percent of SAs include refrigerated juice on their food list, although some specify that 

refrigerated juice is available “only if listed on check.” 

Table 15 shows the average number of flavors authorized on WIC food lists in each type of 

packaging. Small frozen concentrate and 64 ounce bottles provide the greatest flavor variety with 7.4 

and 9.9 flavors each. These numbers reflect the authorization of flavors by type of packaging on 

WIC food lists, and not necessarily the variety of flavors available in these packages in the 

marketplace.31

As discussed in Chapter IV, there are significant differences in allowed packages sizes for juice 

pre- and post-implementation of the Interim Rule. This is because SAs authorize package sizes that 

sum to the reduced maximum quantities provided in the revised food packages. In 17 percent of 

SAs, allowed package sizes for juice vary for women and children because the quantities of juice 

specified for these two categories of participants in the revised food packages are not equally 

divisible by the same package sizes. Food Package IV provides 128 ounces of juice for children, 

which is best met through purchase of two 64 oz bottles or two 16 oz frozen concentrates. Food 

Packages V-VII, on the other hand, provide 96 and 144 ounces of juice to women, which is best met 

through purchase of two and three 48 ounce containers or 12 oz frozen concentrates, respectively. 

 30 For tabulation, we grouped together SAs that authorize only 12 ounce frozen concentrate and SAs that authorize 

10 or 11.5 ounce frozen concentrate, or any size in the range of 10 to 12 ounces. Similarly, we grouped SAs that 

authorize only 46 ounce bottles, only 48 ounce bottles, or both 46 and 48 ounce bottles. 

31 As discussed in Chapter IV, there was a clear trend away from authorizing small containers of frozen 

concentrate, cans of juice, and small bottles. Thus, the availability of these packages on the October 2009 food lists may 

reflect limited availability of other package types in some areas. 
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Breakfast Cereals 

The Interim Rule significantly changed Federal regulations for approved breakfast cereals. Prior 

to the Interim Rule, cereals were defined as “cereal (hot or cold) which contains a minimum of 28 

milligrams of iron per 100 grams of dry cereal and not more than 21.2 grams of sucrose and other 

sugars per 100 grams of dry cereal (6 grams per ounce).” 

The Interim Rule retained the minimum iron and maximum sugar content for approved cereals; 

refined the definition of cereals as “ready-to-eat and instant and regular hot cereals; and further 

stipulated that “at least half of the cereals authorized on a State agency’s food list must have whole 

grain as the primary ingredient by weight AND meet labeling requirements for making a health 

claim as a whole-grain food with moderate fat content.”32 

Prescribed quantities of breakfast cereals in Food Packages IV through VII were unchanged 

and remained at 36 ounces of cereal per WIC participant per month. 

Counts of Cereals on WIC Food Lists and Identifying Whole-Grain Cereals 

There is considerable product differentiation in the breakfast cereal market, with both national 

brands and generics (store brands and private labels) widely available.33 SAs must ensure that 

approved breakfast cereals meet Federal nutrient requirements. Consequently, WIC food lists specify 

approved breakfast cereals by brand and product name. 

Characterizing the breadth of cereal options available across SAs was a challenge. While 

national brand cereals are widely available, equivalent generic cereals may appear as different store 

brands and private labels. For example, we wanted to “count” generic Corn Flakes as a single option 

in all SAs where available, regardless of the number of store brand and private labels that carry Corn 

Flakes. The reasoning is that a WIC participant typically has a choice of only one generic Corn 

Flakes in any given store, while the number of store brands in a given State depends on the size of 

the State and/or the number of different store chains in the State. Similarly, a single type of cereal 

may have different names under different generic labels, for example, Crispy Rice, Crisp Rice, 

Crisped Rice, and Scrunchy Crisp Rice. To get an accurate picture of the number of different types 

of cereal available to WIC participants, these different generic label names should be counted as one 

cereal option. 

To provide a consistent count of cereals across SAs, we identified 18 unique store brand or 

private label types of cereals within five categories (Table 16). We then assigned all store brand and 

private label cereal names to the 18 unique cereal types, and counted up to 18 varieties of store 

 32 Labeling requirements for whole-grain cereals are: (1) a minimum of 51% whole grains using dietary fiber as the 

indicator; (2) contain ≤ 1 gram of saturated fat per RACC (reference amount commonly consumed) and ≤ 20 mg 

cholesterol per RACC; (3) bear quantitative trans fat labeling; and (4) contain ≤ 6.5 grams total fat per RACC and ≤ 0.5 g 

trans fat per RACC. 

33 A store brand carries the name of the store in which is it available; for example, Kroger’s Crispy Rice, Piggly 

Wiggly Toasted Oats, or Food Lion Bran Flakes. Private labels may be sold in only one store (Great Value in Walmart; 

America’s Choice in A&P) or in multiple stores (Shurfine and Western Family). 
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Table 16. Equivalent Names for Store Brand and Private Label Cold Cereals 

Primary Name Other names 

Crispy / Puffed Cereals

Crispy Corn and Rice Crispy Hexagons 

Crispy Rice & Corn 

Crunchy Corn & Rice 

Hexa 

Twin Grain Crisp 

Crispy Rice Crisp Rice 

Crisped Rice 

Crispie Rice 

Puffed Rice 

Scrunchy Crisp Rice 

Crispy Corn Puffs Corn Puffs Puffed Corn Solar Rollers 

Flakes 

Bran Flakes (WG) 40% Bran Flakes 

Enriched Bran Flakes 

Enriched Wheat Bran Flakes 

Essential Choice Bran 

Flakes 

Essentials Oat Bran 

Fiber Flake 

High Fiber Bran Flakes 

Low Fat Crunchy Bran Flakes 

Wheat Bran Flakes 

Corn Flakes [no alternative names] 

Multigrain Flakes [no alternative names] 

Oat Clusters & Flakes Bundled Oats Honey / Almonds 

Crispy Combos 

Honey & Oats 

Honey Crisp Medley 

Honey & Oat Mixers 

Honey Oat Clusters 

Honey Oat Medley 

Honey Oats and Flakes 

Oaks & Flakes with Honey 

Oat Clusters & Flakes 

Oats & More 

Oats & More with Honey 

Oats & More with Honey Clusters 

Sweet Crisp with Honey 

Sweet Crispy Combo Oats & 

Honey 

Oat Clusters & Flakes 

with Almonds 

Honey & Oat Mixers w/ Almonds 

Honey Crisp Medley/Almonds 

Honey Oat Clusters with Almonds 

Honey Oats and Flakes w/ 

Almonds 

Oats & More with Almonds 

and Honey Oat Clusters 

Oats & More with Almonds 

Oats and Almonds 

Sweet Crisp with Almonds 

Sweet Crispy Combo Honey & 

Almond 

Wheat Flakes (WG) [no alternative names] 

Wheat & Rice Flakes 

(WG) 

Active Lifestyle 

Active Start 

Eating Right 

Essential Choice 

Essentially You 

Good Day 

Whole-Grain Flakes 

(WG) 

Whole Grain 100 Whole Grain Source 100 Vital 100 

Granular 

Crunchy Nuggets (WG) Nutty Nuggets 

Crunchy Wheat & Barley 

Krunch Nutties 

Krunch Nuttiest 

Krunchy Nuggets 

Krunchy Nutties 

Nutnugget 

Nutri-Nuggets 

Nutty Crunchy 

Wheat n Crunchy 

Shredded 

Frosted Shredded Wheat 

(WG) 

Frosted Shredded Mini Wheat 

Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite-Sized 

Frosted Wheat Squares 

Frosted Shredded Wheat 

Bite Size Bite-Size Frosted 

Shredded Wheat 

Frosted Wheat 

Frosted Mini Wheat Biscuits 

Frosted Shredded Bite Size 

Wheats 

Shredded Wheat Bites - Frosted 

Toasted 

Crunchy Corn Bran Corn Bran 

Square Shaped Corn Corn Biscuits 

Corn Bitz 

Corn Crisps 

Corn Squares 

Crispy Corn 

Crunchy Corn 

Crunchy Corn Squares 

Square Shaped Corn Biscuits 

Toasted Corn 

Square Shaped Rice Crunchy Rice 

Rice Biscuits 

Rice Bitz 

Rice Crisps 

Rice Squares 

Square Shaped Rice Biscuits 

Toasted Rice 

Square Shaped Wheat 

(WG) 

Square Shaped Wheat Biscuits 

Toasted Wheat 

Wheat Biscuits 

Wheat Chex 

Wheat Crisps 

Wheat Pockets 

Wheat Squares 

Toasted Oatsa 

(WG) 

Happy Hoops 

Happy O's 

Oats & Os 

Plain Type O’s 

Ringeeos 

Rollin Oats 

Tasteeos 

(WG) indicates whole-grain cereals. 

aThree other varieties of store brand or private label Toasted Oats are coded separately but not listed in the table because they were each 

available in only one State: Fruit Whirls (Puerto Rico), Multi-grain Toasted Oats (Montana), and Toasted Oats with Honey (Winnebego Tribe).
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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brand or private label cereal for each SA. This method provides a consistent count of the variety of 

cereals available to WIC participants across SAs. 

Characterizing the number of whole-grain cereals on each food list was also a challenge. 

Following implementation of the Interim Rule, at least half of the total number of authorized cereals 

(cold and hot) must be whole grain. Some, but not all, SAs identified whole-grain cereals with an 

asterisk or other indicator on the food list. Information from these SAs was examined for 

consistency, inconsistencies were investigated and resolved, and these whole-grain indicators were 

applied to cereals on food lists of SAs that did not identify whole-grain cereals. In applying the 

whole-grain indicators across SAs, we assumed that store brand and private label cereals do not 

differ in whole-grain composition in different States or regions. 

Brands of Breakfast Cereals and Number of Products on SA Food Lists 

All SAs include national brand (or name brand) cold breakfast cereals on their food list, except 

Missouri (Table 17). National brand hot cereals are included in all but three SA food lists 

(Mississippi, Vermont, and Omaha Sioux (NE)). Most SAs (72 percent) authorize both national and 

generic brands of cold breakfast cereal; while 35 percent authorize both national and generic brands 

of hot breakfast cereals. 

WIC participants in 91 percent of SAs (accounting for 96 percent of all WIC participants) may 

choose from over 16 different types of breakfast cereal when redeeming WIC benefits (Table 17). 

Cold cereal options are most common, with nearly all WIC participants having over 10 choices of 

cold cereals and one-third of participants having a choice of over 25 cold cereals. Participants in six 

percent of SAs are offered only one hot breakfast cereal option. However, almost half of all SAs (47 

percent), which account for 32 percent of all WIC participants, offer more than six hot cereal 

options. 

Fifty-four percent of SAs identified whole-grain cereals on their food lists (Table 18). In other 

SAs, participants who want to purchase whole-grain cereals must identify whole-grains cereals on 

their own. Based on the methods we used to identify whole-grain cereals, only 69 percent of SAs 

met the requirement that at least half of all approved cereals be whole grain. Most SAs (84 percent) 

included whole grains for at least half of the cold cereals on their food list, but whole-grain hot 

cereal options were limited and lowered SAs overall percentages of whole-grain cereals. 

Common Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists 

Table 19 lists every cold breakfast cereal listed on any WIC food list as of October 2009. Cold 

cereals available to three-quarters or more of WIC participants include General Mills Cheerios, 

Regular (96 percent), Kellogg’s Corn Flakes (89 percent), General Mills Kix (88 percent), Kellogg’s 

Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size (77 percent) and Quaker Life, Regular (75 percent). Three of these 

five cereals are classified as whole-grain. 

Additional whole-grain cold cereals available to over half of participants, are: General Mills 

Multigrain Cheerios (69 percent) and Wheat Chex (70 percent); Kellogg’s Frosted Mini-Wheats Big 

Bite (54 percent) and Unfrosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size (70 percent); Malt-O-Meal Mini Spooners 

Frosted (59 percent); Post Bran Flakes (53 percent), Grape Nuts (53 percent), Grape Nuts Flakes 

(57 percent), and Honey Bunches of Oats, Vanilla Bunches (69 percent); Quaker Oatmeal Squares 

Cinnamon (53 percent) and Oatmeal Squares Hint of Brown Sugar (54 percent); and store brand 

Toasted Oats (64 percent). 
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Table 17. Types of Cereal Brands and Numbers of Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 

2009 
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Table 18. Whole-Grain Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 
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Table 19. Cold Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 
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Table 19. (continued)

 
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Among hot breakfast cereals, the individual items available to most WIC participants are B&G 

Whole Grain 21⁄2 Minute Cream of Wheat (76 percent) and Malt-O-Meal Original Hot Wheat (70 

percent) (Table 20). Over half of WIC participants can purchase other varieties of B&G Cream of 

Wheat. Three-fourths of WIC participants may redeem WIC cereal vouchers for oatmeal, available 

as either a name brand product (Maypo Instant Oatmeal or Quaker Instant Oatmeal) or generic 

brand oatmeal. 

Table 20. Hot Breakfast Cereals on WIC Food Lists, October 2009 

 
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Additional hot breakfast cereal options authorized by some SAs include Farina Mills Hot 

Wheat; Homestat Farm wheat cereal and oatmeals; Little Crow Coco Wheats; Quaker oatmeal, 

Farina and flavored grits; and store brand oatmeal, grits and hot wheat. 

Infant Foods 

The Interim Rule included several changes for infant food packages (Food Packages I and II) to 

provide greater consistency with the infant feeding practice guidelines of the American Academy of 

Pediatrics and to encourage healthy dietary patterns.34 These include: (1) providing only infant 

formula through age 5 months, with introduction of complementary foods at 6 months (previously, 

complementary foods were introduced at 4 months); (2) assigning monthly amounts of formula 

based on the mother’s reported breastfeeding practice (fully breastfeeding, partially breastfeeding, or 

fully formula fed);35 and (3) providing infant fruits and vegetables (F&V) in addition to infant cereal, 

plus infant meat if fully breastfed, beginning at 6 months. 

Quantities of infant formula were increased slightly for infants aged 4-5 months to compensate 

for the removal of complementary foods, and infant juice was eliminated for infants over 6 months. 

Infant cereal prescriptions for infants age 6 months and older were unchanged. 

Most SAs do not list infant formula on the food list, except to indicate that formula “brand, 

type, size, and quantity are specified on the food instrument.” Formula is prescribed on an individual 

basis according to infant age and mother’s breastfeeding practice. Approved brands are limited to 

the single manufacturer with which the agency has negotiated infant formula cost containment.36

Some WIC food lists (for example, those in California, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania) include 

formula product names, container sizes, and pictures of the most commonly prescribed formulas, 

to help participants identify these items when redeeming food instruments. 

This section describes the complementary infant foods on WIC food lists—infant cereals, 

fruits, vegetables, and meats. Similar to other food categories, WIC food lists indicate approved 

brands, varieties, and package sizes of infant foods eligible for WIC redemption. 

Brands of Infant Foods 

Three brands of infant foods—Beech-Nut, Gerber, and Nature’s Goodness—account for 

nearly all authorized infant foods in SAs that specify approved brands on their food list (Table 21). 

Only two ITOs specify Earth’s Best (an organic brand) and two ITOs plus two territories specify 

Heinz. The counts of SAs by brand in Table 21 include the number of SAs authorizing one or more 

brands on the food list, but do not include SAs allowing “any brand.” 

 34 Food Package III provides exempt infant formulas and WIC-eligible medical foods to participants with 

qualifying medical conditions for which the use of conventional formulas and foods is “precluded, restricted, or 

inadequate to address their special nutritional needs.” (7CFR246.10). Food Package III is not discussed in this report. 

35 The monthly amount of formula depends on the feeding method, form of formula provided (concentrated 

liquid, powdered, or ready-to-use), and the age of the infant. See Chapter 1, Table 1. 

36 All SAs, except ITOs with 1,000 or fewer participants, are required to operate a single-supplier cost containment 

system for infant formula, implemented via rebates or a home delivery or direct distribution system. 
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Table 21. Infant Food Product Brands Authorized by WIC State Agencies, October 2009 

The percentages of SAs allowing “any brand” are low—10 percent for infant cereal, 16 percent 

for infant F&V, and 17 percent for infant meats (Table 21). These percentages, however, do not 

represent the prevalence of this policy for participants. While only two percent of participants may 

purchase any brand of infant cereal, 37 and 36 percent may purchase any brand of infant F&V and 

infant meat, respectively. Only one-third of participants may choose any brand or among three 
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brands of infant cereal, whereas 79 and 70 percent respectively, may choose any brand or among 

three or four brands of infant F&V and meat. 

The small number of SAs allowing any brand of infant cereals is due to the prevalence of single 

supplier cost containment. Nineteen States and Puerto Rico have infant cereal rebate contracts: 15 

with Gerber and 5 with Beech-Nut.37 Infant foods, which are new to WIC food lists, were under 

single-supplier contract in only five States as of October 2009, with an additional 3 States under 

contract beginning in March 2010. The States with pending rebate contracts indicated “brand listed 

on check” and are included in Table 21 as number of brands not reported. Additional SAs with 

brand not reported may have been in negotiation with manufacturers at the time they developed 

their food list. 

There is a pattern of SAs approving the same brands for all infant foods, but this does not hold 

true for all SAs, especially those with single-supplier contracts for infant cereal. 

Varieties and Package Sizes of Infant Foods 

Table 22 summarizes the choice available to WIC participants for infant cereals, F&V, and 

meats. Infant cereals are available in six grain varieties (listed in Table 22), but the number and types 

vary by manufacturer.38 Most SAs (93percent) specify four or more grains, any grain, or do not 

specify grains (presumably allowing any grains). Only 6 percent of SAs limit choice to 2 or 3 grains. 

Federal regulations define infant F&V as any variety of single ingredient, or combinations of 

single ingredient, commercial infant food fruit and vegetables without added sugars, starches, or salt. 

Infant meats include any variety of commercial infant food meat or poultry, as a single major 

ingredient, with added broth or gravy, but without added sugars or salt. Thirty-nine percent of SAs 

do not allow combinations of single ingredients of F&V; 39 percent of SAs allow only specified 

varieties of meats.39

SAs also specify package sizes for infant foods on the food list—thereby indicating the available 

packaging for the approved brands and/or the amount of choice for participants. Food Packages I 

and II provide 24 oz of infant cereal per month. Half of all SAs allow participants to purchase 8 or 

16 oz containers, while others allow only 8 oz containers. Three-fourths of SAs allow purchase of 

only single jars of infant F&V, two SAs require purchase of multi-packs, and 14 percent allow single 

jars or multipacks. Infant meat is always specified in 2.5 oz containers. 

Organic infant cereal is authorized by one ITO (not shown in table). Two states (California and 

Minnesota) and three ITOs allow organic infant fruits and vegetables. One state (California) and 

three ITOs permit organic infant meats. 

 37 Information about infant food rebate contracts was provided by the USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. 

38 Gerber offers barley, mixed, oatmeal, rice, and whole wheat; Beech-Nut offers barley, multigrain, oatmeal, and 

rice; Nature’s Goodness offers mixed, oatmeal, and rice; Heinz offers barley, oatmeal, and rice. 

39 The percent allowing only specified varieties is the total less the percents allowing any meat or not specified. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

53

Table 22. Infant Food Varieties and Package Sizes, October 2009 
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

55

IV. COMPARISON OF WIC FOOD LISTS BEFORE AND AFTER 

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERIM RULE 

Implementation of the Interim Rule required significant changes to the list of foods authorized 

for WIC redemption. SAs needed to: 

 Identify and approve specific foods that are newly authorized for WIC redemption: 

fruits and vegetables, milk substitutes, canned beans, canned fish, whole grains, wholegrain cereals, and infant foods; 

 Evaluate food list specifications for food categories with reduced quantities: milk, 

cheese, eggs, and juice; 

Evaluate costs of changes in food packages; 

 Determine how best to present product specifications for authorized foods in the format 

of a food list; and 

 Communicate the changes to WIC participants and vendors. 

This chapter focuses on changes in the format of food lists and changes in approved foods in 

categories that were not newly added by the Interim Rule. These changes were a critical component 

of the transition to the new food packages for both SAs and WIC participants. Tables in Appendix 

B compare all characteristics of foods on WIC food lists before and after the Interim Rule; this 

chapter focuses on the changes directly resulting from the Interim Rule. 

A. The WIC Food List 

The WIC food list is the principal device by which SAs communicate the purchasing options 

available to WIC participants when they redeem WIC food instruments at retail vendors.40 Many 

WIC food lists are brochures that WIC participants can carry with them when shopping.41 Some SAs 

accommodated new WIC foods by retaining the format of their food list and adding additional 

pages; some SAs completely redesigned their food list; and some supplemented their food list with a 

shopping guide. 

The major design features for WIC food lists are use of color, use of product pictures, and 

number of pages. The percentage of SAs using color and product pictures increased somewhat after 

the Interim Rule: from 61 to 77 percent of SAs using color, and from 57 to 61 percent of SAs using 

pictures (Figure 11). These changes yielded large increases in the percentages of participants 

receiving color food lists and/or food lists with product pictures. SAs may have used color and 

pictures to make the more complex FY2010 food list easier to navigate, or these trends may be 

independent of the Interim Rule. 

 40 In this sense, the “food list” does not exist in direct distribution states (Mississippi and Vermont) although those 

states maintain inventory lists of food items that are provided in each food category. 

41 Samples of WIC food lists are included in Appendix C. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

56

The length of WIC food lists was clearly influenced by the Interim Rule. In FY2009, 80 percent 

of SAs printed the WIC food list on one to two pages, where pages are counted as front and back of 

a single sheet regardless of whether or how it was folded into a brochure. After implementation of 

the Interim Rule, the percentage of SAs with food lists that exceeded two pages increased from 20 

to 64 percent (Figure 11), and the percentage of participants receiving food lists of more than two 

pages increased from just under half to two-thirds. This statistic helps to convey the additional 

cognitive burden associated with navigating WIC food lists after implementation of the Interim 

Rule. 

Figure11. Format of WIC Food Lists Before and After Implementation of the Interim Rule 

B. Differences in Package Sizes Before-and-After the Interim Rule 

As described in Chapter III, the Interim Rule reduced prescribed quantities of milk, eggs, 

cheese, and juice. The reduction from two to one dozen eggs and from “up to 4 pounds” to “up to 

2 pounds” of cheese did not require a change in authorized package sizes. For milk and juice, 

however, SAs had to change authorized package sizes to enable participants to fully redeem 

prescribed quantities: 

 Milk prescriptions are fully redeemable only with purchase of quart size containers 

whenever participants substitute cheese for milk; 

 Juice prescriptions are no longer equally divisible by the standard 46 ounce container 

sizes approved by most SAs prior to the Interim Rule. 

The change in authorized package sizes for milk is shown in Figure 12. The percentages of SAs 

that authorize any size of milk nearly doubled after implementation of the Interim Rule, while the 

percentages specifying “no quarts” or “gallons only” fell from 23 to 10 percent and 33 to 10 percent, 

respectively. Available package sizes may, however, be somewhat misrepresented by these data. 

Some food lists indicate “gallons only” and “quart if listed on check.” We counted package sizes 

regardless of whether they are “available only if printed on check.” However, we may underestimate 

the availability of some package sizes. For example, a SA may print quarts on checks without 

indicating that possibility on the food list. 

61% 57%

80%

77%

61%

36%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Color Pictures 1‐2 pages

Percent of WIC State Agencies

Before After

64%

45%

55%

90%

67%

34%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Color Pictures 1‐2 pages

Percent of participants

Before After
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Figure 12. Difference in Authorized Package Sizes of Milk, Before and After the Interim Rule 

The Interim Rule reduced juice prescriptions and had a large impact on authorized package 

sizes. Before implementation of the Interim Rule, prescribed quantities of juice were evenly divisible 

by 46 ounce containers (Food Packages IV, V, and VII) or a combination 46 and 48 oz containers 

(Food Package VI) (Table 23). Alternatively, all food packages could be redeemed with 64 ounce 

containers in combination with smaller sizes, with a small number of ounces left unredeemed. The 

most commonly authorized containers were 46 oz cans, 10 to 12 oz frozen concentrate, and 46 or 

48 oz bottled single strength juice. 

Table 23. Juice Prescriptions Before and After the Interim Rule 

Prescribed Quantities 

(fl oz single strength) Alternative Package Sizes 

Food Package Before After Before After 

IV 276 128 6 x 46 oz; or 

2 x 64 oz + 3 x 48 oza

2 x 64 oz 

V 276 144 6 x 46 oz

2 x 64 oz + 3 x 48 oza

3 x 48 oz

VI 188 96 2 x 46 + 2 x 48oz 2 x 48 oz

VII 322 144 7 x 46 oz; or

2 x 64 oz + 4 x 48 ozb

3 x 48 oz

Note: Combinations of single strength and concentrate may be combined as long as the total volume 

does not exceed the amount specified for single strength. Frozen concentrate reconstitutes at the 

rates of: 10 oz can to 40 oz; 11.5 or 12 oz can to 48 oz; 16 oz can to 64 oz. 

a

4 ounces not redeemed 

b

2 ounces not redeemed. 

After implementation of the Interim Rule, juice quantities are evenly divisible by 64 ounces 

(Food Package IV) or 48 ounces (Food Packages V-VII), with no alternate combinations that leave 

minimal amounts unredeemed. The impact of the Interim Rule on authorized juice packages is 

shown, for the 50 States and the District of Columbia, in Figures 13 and 14 (information for all SAs 

is included in Appendix B). 

38%

23%

34%

4%

71%

10% 11% 8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Any size No quart Gallons only Not specified

Percent of WIC State Agencies
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

58

 46 oz canned juice was widely authorized before the Interim Rule (available in 43 States 

plus the District of Columbia). Ten of these States disallowed 46 oz. juice containers 

with implementation of the Interim Rule (Figure 13A). 

 Shelf-stable concentrate, which reconstitutes to 48 ounces of juice, was not directly 

affected by the Interim Rule. It was available in 29 States before implementation of the 

Interim Rule. After implementation, eight of these States disallowed shelf-stable 

concentrate and five other States added this option (Figure 13B). 

 The landscape for bottled single strength juice shifted dramatically (Figure 14 A and B). 

Before the Interim Rule, 26 States and the District of Columbia allowed small bottles 

(46 or 48 oz), two States allowed small and large (64 oz) bottles, three States allowed 

only large bottles, and 19 States did not allow any bottled single-strength juice. After 

implementing the Interim Rule, all but three States allowed bottled single-strength juice. 

Sixteen States allow small and large (64 oz) bottles of juice, and 31 States and the District 

of Columbia allow only large bottles.42

After implementation, SAs recommend purchase of small bottles (48oz) or small concentrate 

(11.5 or 12 oz) for women; and large bottles (64 oz) or large frozen concentrate (16 oz) for children. 

C. Differences in Breakfast Cereal Choices Before and After 

Implementation of the Interim Rule 

The Interim Rule mandated that at least half of the cereals authorized on the WIC food list 

must be whole-grain cereal. SAs could meet this mandate by substituting whole grain for non wholegrain cereals or by adding whole-grain cereals and increasing the overall number of cereals allowed. 

Figure 15 A and B show the States that held the number of approved cereals relatively constant 

(within 10 percent) from pre- to post-implementation, and the States that increased or decreased 

cereals options. 

Cold cereal. Among the 50 States and the District of Columbia, about half of the SAs kept the 

number of approved cold cereals relatively constant. Ten States reduced the number of cold cereals 

and 17 States increased the number of cold cereals. 

Twenty-two cold cereals were either authorized or disallowed for ten percent or more of WIC 

participants (Appendix B). The three cereals that had decreased availability of over 20 percent 

(Kellogg’s Special K, Quaker King Vitaman and General Mills Chex, Multibran) were not whole 

grain. Other non whole-grain cereals that were dropped from food lists include Kellogg’s Product 

19, Quaker Crunchy Corn Bran, and General Mills Country Corn Flakes (no longer available). 

Of the 13 cold cereals that increased in availability, 12 are whole grain. The cereals with the 

greatest increase in availability were General Mills Honey Kix (50% increase), Post Honey Bunches 

of Oats, Vanilla Bunches (42.), Kellogg’s Mini Wheats Unfrosted Bite-Size (42%), Malt-O-Meal 

Mini-Spooners, Strawberry Cream (29% percent) and Quaker Oatmeal Squares, Cinnamon (25% 

percent increase). 

 42 Some SAs retained the 46 oz bottle size (specifying 46 or 48 oz), perhaps due to limited product availability in 48 

oz containers. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

59

Figure 13. Changes in Authorized Juice Packages 

A. Authorization of 46 oz canned juice before and after Implementation 

B. Authorization of shelf-stable concentrate before and after Implementation

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

60

Figure 14. Changes in Authorized Sizes of Juice Packaging 

A. Before Implementation of Revised WIC Food Packages 

B. After Implementation of Revised WIC Food Packages 

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

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Figure 15. Changes in Numbers of Authorized Breakfast Cereals 

A. Cold Breakfast Cereals

B. Hot Breakfast Cereals

 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

62

Hot cereal. Compared with cold cereals, States were more likely to change the number of hot 

cereals on their food list: 20 States dropped one or more hot cereals from their list of approved 

foods, while another 20 States added to the number of hot cereals. There are limited options for 

adding whole-grain hot cereals. Therefore, States may have increased the number of options to 

include at least one whole-grain option, or decreased a large number of non whole-grain hot cereals 

to help meet the mandate or to simply make room on the food list. 

The biggest change in FY2010 among hot breakfast cereals was a large increase in the number 

of SAs authorizing B&G Whole Grain 21⁄2 Minute Cream of Wheat (from 5 SAs to 56) and a 

corresponding decrease in the number of SAs offering the non whole-grain versions of B&G Cream 

of Wheat (Appendix B). Overall, however, 24 of the 35 hot cereals offered in FY2009 were available 

to fewer WIC participants in FY2010. 

D. Possible Cost Containment Measures 

In FY2010, some SAs instituted tighter policies governing allowable brands of milk, eggs, 

cheese and legumes, perhaps as a means of controlling costs to offset greater choice in other food 

categories. Fewer SAs allow “any brand” in these food categories (Appendix B) and a greater 

percentage of WIC participants are now required to select the least expensive brand (Figure 16). 

The increased prevalence of least expensive brand requirements was modest for milk, where 

this policy was already prevalent, and greatest for cheese (17 percentage point increase) and eggs (10 

percentage point increase). 

Figure 16. Percentage of WIC Participants Required to Purchase Least Expensive Brands 

 

47%

19% 23%

14% 10%

51%

29%

40%

17% 16%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Milk Eggs Cheese Dry beans Peanut butter

Percent of WIC Participants

FY2009

FY2010
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

63

V. SUMMARY 

The revision of WIC food packages in 2009 was one of the most significant changes in program 

history, providing food packages better aligned with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. SAs 

responded to the Interim Rule by revising their lists of authorized foods and selecting policy options 

for implementation. 

This report examines three questions: 

1. How did SAs respond to optional provisions of the Interim Rule? 

2. What specific foods did SAs include on their food list when implementing the revised 

food packages? 

3. What changes are observed on WIC food lists, before and after implementation of the 

Interim Rule, including food categories that were not directly affected by the Interim 

Rule? 

How Did SAs Respond to Optional Provisions of the Interim Rule? 

Many, but not all, of the optional provisions of the Interim Rule were widely adopted by SAs. 

Options for food substitutes were adopted at the highest rates. Options for tailoring legume 

combinations were widely adopted and most SAs implemented special provisions to tailor food 

packages for homeless participants. Most SAs adopted the CVV redemption option allowing WIC 

participants to “pay the difference” when F&V purchases exceed voucher amounts, but other CVV 

options were not widely adopted. 

Percent of SAs offering food substitutes and alternatives: 

 80 percent offer processed F&V in addition to fresh F&V 

 76 percent offer one or more milk substitutes (soy-based beverages and calcium-set tofu) 

 98 percent offer whole-grain alternatives in addition to whole-wheat bread 

 57 percent offer three or four canned fish alternatives 

Percent of SAs adopting food package tailoring: 

 78 percent offer more than one combination of legumes in Food Packages V and VII 

 67 percent offer infant formula in the 1st month 

 94 percent of those reporting have special provisions for homeless participants (10 

percent did not report on this item) 

Percent of SAs adopting the option to “round up” infant formula and food packages 

 18 percent use rounding of infant formula packages 

 Less than 10 percent use rounding of infant food packages 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

64

Percent of SAs adopting CVV redemption policies43: 

 71 percent of those reporting allow clients to pay the difference if the F&V total exceeds 

the CVV value (13 percent did not report) 

 44 percent of those reporting allow multiple CVVs to be redeemed in a single 

transaction (22 percent did not report) 

 22 percent of those reporting allow CVVs to be redeemed at farmers’ markets (23 

percent did not report) 

What Specific Foods Do SAs Include on Their Food Lists? 

WIC food lists show considerable variation across SAs. Food lists enumerate authorized (and 

unauthorized) forms of foods in each of over 10 food categories. This report describes authorized 

foods in terms of types, flavors, or varieties; package sizes; and brands. 

WIC food lists must include foods that satisfy federal regulations, but SAs may impose more 

stringent criteria, based on factors including the availability of certain foods within the State, the cost 

of individual foods and brands, and the nutrient value of available foods. One way to summarize 

variations across food lists is in terms of these restrictions: 

 A small number of SAs restrict fat content of reduced-fat milks for women and older 

children to include only skim and 1% milks (no 2%), or skim and 2% milks (no 1%). 

 Two SAs authorize only two varieties of cheese, while six or more varieties are 

authorized in 47 SAs. 

 Least expensive brand restrictions are common for milk, cheese, and eggs. Some SAs 

also require least expensive brands for legumes. 

 One-third of SAs authorize all nine of the most common single flavor juices, while other 

SAs authorize a subset of those flavors. 

 The numbers of authorized breakfast cereals ranges from less than 15 (18 SAs) to more 

than 25 (43 SAs), with five SAs offering only one type of hot cereal. 

It is not possible to know the extent to which variations across SAs are due to each of the 

different factors noted above. 

How Do Pre- and Post-Implementation Food Lists Differ? 

Post-implementation food lists tend to be longer and more complex than pre-implementation 

lists. The percentage of SA food lists that fit on 1-2 pages fell from 80 percent before 

implementation to 36 percent after implementation. While WIC participants received additional 

foods from the new food packages, many WIC participants would also find that specific products 

were no longer available: whole milk for women and children over age 2, juice for infants, some 

package sizes of juice for women and children, and some breakfast cereals. In addition, the 

 43 This study did not collect data on the use of redemption policies within States where these policies are allowed. 
WIC Food Packages Mathematica Policy Research 

65

percentage of participants required to purchase “least expensive” brands increased for milk, cheese, 

eggs, and legumes. 

Overall, WIC participants nationwide received a much different food list in October 2009, 

compared to earlier years. The addition of F&V and whole grains, and elimination of whole milk for 

women and older children is expected to have a large impact on WIC participants’ dietary intakes. 

The full impact of the Interim Rule, however, depends on many factors including the changes in the 

food list itself, the availability of foods in the marketplace, and the nutrient content of those foods. 
APPENDIX A 

FOODS ON WIC FOOD LISTS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 

INTERIM RULE: STATE- LEVEL TABLES
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying.
Table A.1—Fruit and Vegetable Policies, By State: FY2010

Allowed processed

forms of F&V

Participants are allowed to ...

Combine tender

on F&V purchase

Redeem multiple

CVVs in a trx

Redeem CVVs at

Canned Dried Frozen farmers mkts

Alabama .............. −−− Yes − −

Alaska ................ √−√ Yes Yes n.s.

Arizona ................ √−− Yes − Yes

Arkansas ............... −−√ Yes Yes −

California ............... √−√ Yes − Yes

Colorado ............... −−√−−−

Connecticut ............. √−√ Yes Yes n.s.

Delaware .............. −−−− Yes −

District of Columbia ........ −−− Yes − Yes

Florida ................. √−√ Yes − −

Georgia ................ √−√ Yes n.s. Yes

Hawaii ................. −−√ Yes − −

Idaho ................. −−− Yes − −

Illinois .................. √−√−−−

Indiana ................. −−− Yes − −

Iowa .................. −−√ Yes Yes Yes

Kansas ................ √−√ Yes Yes −

Kentucky .............. −−− Yes − −

Louisiana ............... −−− Yes − −

Maine ................ √−√−− Yes

Maryland .............. √−√ Yes − −

Massachusetts ............ √−√−−−

Michigan .............. −−− Yes − −

Minnesota .............. √−√ Yes − Yes

Mississippi .............. √−− n.s. n.s. n.s.

Missouri ............... −−√− Yes −

Montana .............. −−√−−−

Nebraska .............. −−−−−−

Nevada ............... −−− Yes Yes −

New Hampshire ........ √−√−−−

New Jersey ............. √−√ Yes − Yes

New Mexico ............ √−√ Yes n.s. Yes

New York ............. √−√ Yes − Yes

North Carolina ........... √−√ Yes Yes −

North Dakota ............ −−− Yes − −

Ohio .................. √−√ Yes Yes Yes

Oklahoma ............. −−√ Yes Yes Yes

Oregon ................ −−√ Yes Yes −

Pennsylvania ............ √−√ Yes Yes −

Rhode Island ............ √−√ Yes Yes Yes

South Carolina ........... −−√ Yes − Yes

South Dakota ............. −−√ Yes − −

Tennessee .............. −−√ Yes − −

Texas ................. −−√− Yes −

Utah .................. −−−−−−

Vermont .............. √−√ Yes Yes −

Virginia ................ √−− Yes − −

Washington ............ −−− Yes Yes −

West Virginia ............ −−− Yes − −

Wisconsin .............. √−√ Yes Yes −

Wyoming ............. −−−− Yes −

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-1
Table A.1—Fruit and Vegetable Policies, By State: FY2010 — Continued

Allowed processed

forms of F&V

Participants are allowed to ...

Combine tender

on F&V purchase

Redeem multiple

CVVs in a trx

Redeem CVVs at

Canned Dried Frozen farmers mkts

Territories

American Samoa .................... √−− Yes − −

Guam ...................................... √−√ Yes Yes Yes

Northern Mariana Islands ...... −−−−−−

Puerto Rico ............................. √−−−−−

Virgin Islands ......................... √−− n.s. n.s. n.s.

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... −−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... −−√ Yes Yes −

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ −−√ Yes n.s. n.s.

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... −−√ Yes Yes −

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) √−√ Yes Yes −

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) √−√ Yes Yes −

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) √−√ Yes Yes n.s.

Indian Township (ME) ........... √−√ Yes − −

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. −−− Yes − −

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. −−−− Yes −

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. −−√−−−

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... √−√ Yes n.s. n.s.

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) −−√ Yes − −

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... √−− Yes Yes −

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... −√−− n.s. n.s.

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Osage Nation (OK) ................ −−√ Yes Yes −

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. −−√− n.s. n.s.

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ √−√− Yes −

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... −−√− Yes −

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. √√√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. √√√−−−

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ −−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... √−√ Yes − −

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... √−√−−−

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ √−√ n.s. n.s. n.s.

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... −−√− n.s. n.s.

WCD (OK) ............................. −−√ Yes Yes −

Winnebago (NE) .................... −√√ Yes n.s. n.s.

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-2
Table A.2—States Offering Food Substitutions and Alternatives Authorized by the Interim Rule, By State: FY2010

Milk

substitutes

(Soy &

Tofu)

Alternatives to canned tuna Substitutes for 100% whole wheat bread

Mackerel Salmon Sardines

Tortillas Brown

Rice Bulgur Oats Barley

Corn Wheat

Alabama .............. − −√−−−√−−−

Alaska ................ Both −√√√√√−−−

Arizona ................ Both −√−√−√−−−

Arkansas ............... Soy −√−√√√√−−

California ............... Both −√−√√√√√√

Colorado ............... Both −√−√−√−−−

Connecticut ............. Both −√−√√√−−−

Delaware .............. − −√−−−−−−−

District of Columbia ........ Both −√−√√√√−−

Florida ................. Soy −√√√−√−−−

Georgia ................ Both −√√√√√−−−

Hawaii ................. Both −√−√−√−−−

Idaho ................. Both −√√√−−−−−

Illinois .................. Soy −√−√−√√−−

Indiana ................. − −√√√√√−−−

Iowa .................. − −√−√−√−−−

Kansas ................ − −√−√√√√−−

Kentucky .............. Tofu −√√−√√−−−

Louisiana ............... Soy −√√−−√−−−

Maine ................ Both −√√√√√√−−

Maryland .............. − −√−√√√−−−

Massachusetts ............ Both −√−√√√−−−

Michigan .............. − −√−√√−−−−

Minnesota .............. Both −√−√√√√−−

Mississippi .............. − √−−√√√−−−

Missouri ............... Both −√√√√√−−−

Montana .............. Soy −√√√√√−−−

Nebraska .............. Soy −√√−−√−−−

Nevada ............... Both −√−√√√−−−

New Hampshire ........ Both −√−√√√√−−

New Jersey ............. Both −√√−√√−−−

New Mexico ............ Both −√−√√√√√−

New York ............. Tofu −√√−−√−−−

North Carolina ........... Tofu −√−√√√−−−

North Dakota ............ Soy −√−√√√−−−

Ohio .................. − −√−√√√√−−

Oklahoma ............. Soy −√√√√√√−√

Oregon ................ Soy −√−√−√−−−

Pennsylvania ............ Both −√−√√√√−−

Rhode Island ............ Both −√−√√√−−−

South Carolina ........... Soy −√√−√√−−−

South Dakota ............. Soy −√√√√√√−−

Tennessee .............. Both −√√√√√√√√

Texas ................. Both −√−√√√√−−

Utah .................. − −√−√√√−−−

Vermont .............. Both −√−−−√−−−

Virginia ................ Soy −√−√−√−−−

Washington ............ Both −√−√−√√−√

West Virginia ............ Soy −√−−−−−−−

Wisconsin .............. − −√√√√√−−−

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-3
Table A.2—States Offering Food Substitutions and Alternatives Authorized by the Interim Rule, By State: FY2010

— Continued

Milk

substitutes

(Soy &

Tofu)

Alternatives to canned tuna Substitutes for 100% whole wheat bread

Mackerel Salmon Sardines

Tortillas Brown

Rice Bulgur Oats Barley

Corn Wheat

Wyoming ............. Soy −√−−−√√−−

Territories

American Samoa .................... − −√−−−√−−−

Guam ...................................... − −√−−−√−−−

Northern Mariana Islands ...... Both −√√−−√−−−

Puerto Rico ............................. − −√√√√−−−−

Virgin Islands ......................... Both −√√−−√−−−

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. Both −√−√√√√√−

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... Soy −√√√√√√−√

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... Soy −√√√−√−−−

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... Soy −√√√√√√−√

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ Soy −√√√√√√−√

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... Soy −√√√√√√−√

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) Tofu −√−√√√−−−

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... − −√√√√√−−−

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) Both −√−√√√√√−

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) Both −√−√√√√√−

Indian Township (ME) ........... − −√√−−−−−−

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. Both −√−√−√−−−

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. Both −√−√√√−−−

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. Soy −√√√√√√−√

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... − −√√−−−−−−

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) Soy −√√√√√√−√

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... Both −√−√−√−−−

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... Soy −√−√√√√−−

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... Soy −√√√−√−−−

Osage Nation (OK) ................ Soy −√√√√√√−√

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. Soy −√√√√√√−√

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... Soy −√√−−−−−−

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ Both −√−√√√√√−

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... Soy −√−√√√√−−

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. − −√−√√√√√−

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. − −√√−√−−−−

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. − √√√√√√−−−

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ Soy −√√√√√√−−

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... − −√√−−√−−−

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... − −√√√√√−−−

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ Soy −√√√√√√−−

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... Soy −√−√−√−−−

WCD (OK) ............................. Soy −√√√√√√−√

Winnebago (NE) .................... Soy −√−−√√−−−

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

NOTE: Organic milk is allowed by Montana. Calcium fortified milk is allowed by Alabama, Alaska, Kentucky, North Dakota, Washington, Three Affiliated Tribes,

Ute Mountain Tribe, and Winnebego Tribe.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-4
Table A.3—Legume and Peanut Butter Combinations Adopted by WIC State Agencies, FY2010

Canned

Beans

Allowed

# of

Legume

Combos

Legume combinations in Food Package V & VII

1 lb dry &

18 oz PB

1 lb dry &

64 oz can 2 lb dry 128 ozcanned

36 oz

PB

64 oz can

 & 18 oz PB

Alabama .............. − 1 √−−−−−

Alaska ................ Yes 1 √−−−−−

Arizona ................ Yes 1 √−−−−−

Arkansas ............... Yes 2 √−−−−√

California ............... Yes 2 √−√−−−

Colorado ............... Yes 6 √√√√√√

Connecticut ............. − 1 √−−−−−

Delaware .............. − 3 √−√−√−

District of Columbia ........ Yes 6 √√√√√√

Florida ................. Yes 5 √−√√√√

Georgia ................ Yes 1 √−−−−−

Hawaii ................. − 1 √−−−−−

Idaho ................. Yes 3 √−√−√−

Illinois .................. − 1 √−−−−−

Indiana ................. Yes 6 √√√√√√

Iowa .................. Yes 6 √√√√√√

Kansas ................ Yes 1 −−−−−√

Kentucky .............. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Louisiana ............... − 3 √−√−√−

Maine ................ Yes 2 √−−−−√

Maryland .............. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Massachusetts ............ Yes 4 √−√−√√

Michigan .............. Yes 6 √√√√√√

Minnesota .............. Yes 6 √√√√√√

Mississippi .............. − 3 √−√−√−

Missouri ............... Yes 3 √√−−−√

Montana .............. Yes 1 √−−−−−

Nebraska .............. Yes 6 √√√√√√

Nevada ............... − 1 √−−−−−

New Hampshire ........ Yes 5 √√√√−√

New Jersey ............. Yes 5 √−√√√√

New Mexico ............ Yes 6 √√√√√√

New York ............. Yes 6 √√√√√√

North Carolina ........... Yes 2 √−−−−√

North Dakota ............ Yes 5 √√√√−√

Ohio .................. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Oklahoma ............. Yes 6 √√√√√√

Oregon ................ − 2 √−√−−−

Pennsylvania ............ Yes 2 √−−−−√

Rhode Island ............ Yes 2 √−−−−√

South Carolina ........... − 1 √−−−−−

South Dakota ............. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Tennessee .............. Yes 1 √−−−−−

Texas ................. − 6 √√√√√√

Utah .................. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Vermont .............. Yes 3 −−−√√√

Virginia ................ − 1 √−−−−−

Washington ............ − 3 √−√−√−

West Virginia ............ Yes 2 √−−−−√

Wisconsin .............. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Wyoming ............. Yes 2 √−−−−√

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-5
Table A.3—Legume and Peanut Butter Combinations Adopted by WIC State Agencies, FY2010 — Continued

Canned

Beans

Allowed

# of

Legume

Combos

Legume combinations in Food Package V & VII

1 lb dry &

18 oz PB

1 lb dry &

64 oz can 2 lb dry 128 ozcanned

36 oz

PB

64 oz can

 & 18 oz PB

Territories

American Samoa .................... − 1 √−−−−−

Guam ...................................... Yes 1 √−−−−−

Northern Mariana Islands ...... − 1 √−−−−−

Puerto Rico ............................. Yes n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

Virgin Islands ......................... Yes n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. Yes n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... Yes 6 √√√√√√

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... Yes 2 √−−−−√

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... Yes 6 √√√√√√

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ Yes 1 √−−−−−

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... Yes 5 √−√√√√

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) Yes 2 √−−−−√

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... Yes 6 √√√√√√

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) Yes 5 √−√√√√

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) Yes 6 √√√√√√

Indian Township (ME) ........... Yes 1 √−−−−−

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. Yes 6 √√√√√√

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. − 1 √−−−−−

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. Yes n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... − n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) Yes 6 √√√√√√

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... Yes 1 √−−−−−

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... Yes 6 √√√√√√

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... Yes 6 √√√√√√

Osage Nation (OK) ................ Yes 2 √−−−−√

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... Yes 2 √−−−−√

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ Yes 6 √√√√√√

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... − 2 √−−−−√

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. − 6 √√√√√√

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. Yes 2 √−√−−−

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. Yes 2 √−−−−√

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ Yes 2 √−−−−√

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... Yes 2 √−−−−√

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... Yes 2 √−−−−√

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ Yes 6 √√√√√√

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... Yes n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

WCD (OK) ............................. Yes 3 √√−−−√

Winnebago (NE) .................... Yes 2 √−−−−√

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-6
Table A.4—Infant Formula and Infant Food Policies Adopted by WIC State Agencies, FY2010

Infant Formula Policies Infant Food Policies

Formula offered in 1st

month for partially

breastfed infants

Rounding methodology

(averaging) is used for

infant formula issuance

Rounding methodology

(averaging) is used for

infant food issuance

Allow bananas as partial

substitute for infant foods

Alabama .............. √−−−

Alaska ................ n.s. n.s. √ √

Arizona ................ √−−−

Arkansas ............... −√−−

California ............... −√−−

Colorado ............... −−−√

Connecticut ............. √ n.s. n.s. −

Delaware .............. √√−−

District of Columbia ........ √−−−

Florida ................. √−−−

Georgia ................ √ n.s. n.s. −

Hawaii ................. √−−−

Idaho ................. −−−−

Illinois .................. √−−−

Indiana ................. √−−−

Iowa .................. −−−−

Kansas ................ √−−−

Kentucky .............. √−−−

Louisiana ............... √√−−

Maine ................ √−−−

Maryland .............. √−−−

Massachusetts ............ √√√−

Michigan .............. √−−−

Minnesota .............. √−−√

Mississippi .............. √ n.s. n.s. −

Missouri ............... −−−−

Montana .............. √−−−

Nebraska .............. −−−−

Nevada ............... √−−−

New Hampshire ........ √√√−

New Jersey ............. √√√−

New Mexico ............ √ n.s. n.s. −

New York ............. √−−−

North Carolina ........... √−√−

North Dakota ............ √−−−

Ohio .................. √−√−

Oklahoma ............. −−−−

Oregon ................ −−−−

Pennsylvania ............ −−−−

Rhode Island ............ √ n.s. n.s. n.s.

South Carolina ........... √−−−

South Dakota ............. √−−−

Tennessee .............. √√−−

Texas ................. −√−−

Utah .................. −−−−

Vermont .............. −√−−

Virginia ................ √−− n.s.

Washington ............ √−−−

West Virginia ............ √−−−

Wisconsin .............. √−−−

Wyoming ............. −−−−

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-7
Table A.4—Infant Formula and Infant Food Policies Adopted by WIC State Agencies, FY2010 — Continued

Infant Formula Policies Infant Food Policies

Formula offered in 1st

month for partially

breastfed infants

Rounding methodology

(averaging) is used for

infant formula issuance

Rounding methodology

(averaging) is used for

infant food issuance

Allow bananas as partial

substitute for infant foods

Territories

American Samoa .................... −−−−

Guam ...................................... √−−−

Northern Mariana Islands ...... √−−−

Puerto Rico ............................. √−−−

Virgin Islands ......................... n.s. n.s. n.s. −

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. n.s. n.s. n.s. −

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... √ n.s. n.s. −

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... √ n.s. n.s. −

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... √−−−

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ n.s. n.s. n.s. −

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... √−−−

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) √−√−

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... √ n.s. n.s. −

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) √√√−

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) √ n.s. n.s. −

Indian Township (ME) ........... √−−−

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. −−−−

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. √−−−

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. −−−−

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... n.s. n.s. n.s. −

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) −−−−

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... √−−−

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... √ n.s. n.s. −

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... √ n.s. n.s. −

Osage Nation (OK) ................ −−−−

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. √ n.s. n.s. −

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... n.s. n.s. n.s. −

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ √√−−

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... −√√√

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. √√√−

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. n.s. n.s. n.s. −

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. √√−−

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ n.s. n.s. n.s. √

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... √−−−

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... √−√−

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ √ n.s. n.s. −

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... n.s. n.s. n.s. −

WCD (OK) ............................. −−−−

Winnebago (NE) .................... √ √ n.s. −

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-8
Table A.5—Special Provisions for the Homeless, FY2010

Any homeless

provisions

Reasons for homeless substitutions

Lack of cooking

facilities Lack of refrigeration Lack of access tosanitary water Lack of food storage

Alabama .............. Yes √√√−

Alaska ................ Yes √√√√

Arizona ................ Yes √√√√

Arkansas ............... Yes √−√−

California ............... Yes √√−−

Colorado ............... Yes √−−−

Delaware .............. Yes √√√√

District of Columbia ........ Yes √√√√

Florida ................. Yes √√√√

Georgia ................ Yes √√√ –

Hawaii ................. Yes √√√√

Idaho ................. Yes √√√−

Illinois .................. Yes −√√√

Indiana ................. Yes √√√−

Iowa .................. Yes √√√−

Kansas ................ −−−−−

Kentucky .............. Yes √√√−

Louisiana ............... Yes √√−√

Maine ................ Yes −√√−

Maryland .............. Yes −√√√

Massachusetts ............ Yes √√√√

Michigan .............. Yes √√√√

Minnesota .............. Yes √√√√

Mississippi .............. Yes – – – √

Missouri ............... Yes √√√−

Montana .............. Yes √√√√

Nebraska .............. Yes √√√−

Nevada ............... Yes √√√√

New Hampshire ........ Yes −√√√

New Jersey ............. Yes √√√√

New Mexico ............ Yes ––––

New York ............. Yes √√√√

North Carolina ........... Yes √√√√

North Dakota ............ Yes √√√√

Ohio .................. Yes −−−−

Oklahoma ............. Yes √√−−

Oregon ................ Yes −√√√

Pennsylvania ............ Yes √√√√

South Carolina ........... Yes √√√−

South Dakota ............. Yes −√−−

Tennessee .............. Yes −−−−

Texas ................. Yes √√√−

Utah .................. Yes √√√√

Vermont .............. Yes √−−√

Virginia ................ Yes √√√−

Washington ............ Yes −√√√

West Virginia ............ Yes √√√√

Wisconsin .............. Yes √√√√

Wyoming ............. Yes −√−−

Territories

American Samoa .................... −−−−−

Guam ...................................... Yes √√√−

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-9
Table A.5—Special Provisions for the Homeless, FY2010 — Continued

Any homeless

provisions

Reasons for homeless substitutions

Lack of cooking

facilities Lack of refrigeration Lack of access tosanitary water Lack of food storage

Territories

Northern Mariana Islands ...... Yes −−−−

Puerto Rico ............................. −−−−−

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. Yes √√√√

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... Yes – √ – –

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... Yes √√√√

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... Yes −√√−

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ Yes – √√√

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... Yes −√√−

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) Yes √√√√

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... Yes √ √ – √

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) Yes √√√−

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) Yes √ √ – √

Indian Township (ME) ........... Yes −−√−

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. Yes √√√√

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. Yes √√√−

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. −−−−−

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) Yes √√√√

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... Yes √√√√

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... Yes √ √ – √

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... Yes √√√√

Osage Nation (OK) ................ Yes −−−−

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. Yes √ √ – √

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ Yes √√√√

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... Yes √√√−

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. Yes √ √ – √

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. Yes √√√√

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... −−−−−

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... Yes −−−−

WCD (OK) ............................. Yes √√−√

Winnebago (NE) .................... Yes √ √ – –

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-10
Table A.6—Milk and Milk Alternatives Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

Milk fat

content

(excl.

1-yr-olds)

Allowed

Package

Sizes

Alternatives to regular fluid cow’s milk

AcidophilusButter

milk

Dry

milk

Evap.

milk

Goat

milk

Lactose

free

Flavored

milk UHT

Alabama .............. Skim,1%,2% No quarts −√√√√√−√

Alaska ................ Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√−√

Arizona ................ Skim,1%,2% Any size −−√√√√−√

Arkansas ............... Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √√−√− n.s.

California ............... Skim,1%,2% Any size −−√√−√−−

Colorado ............... Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√−√

Connecticut ............. Skim,1%,2% No quarts n.s. n.s. √√√√ n.s. n.s.

Delaware .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. √√√ n.s. −−−

District of Columbia ........ Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. √√√−√− n.s.

Florida ................. Skim,1%,2% Any size −−√√−√−√

Georgia ................ Skim,1%,2% No quarts √−√√√√−√

Hawaii ................. n.s. n.s. √−√√ n.s. √ − n.s.

Idaho ................. Skim,1%,2% No quarts √−√√√√− n.s.

Illinois .................. Skim,1%,2% Gallons only n.s. −√−−√− n.s.

Indiana ................. Skim,1%,2% No quarts √−√√−√−√

Iowa .................. Skim,1% Any size √ n.s. √√√√− n.s.

Kansas ................ Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −√√ n.s. √ − n.s.

Kentucky .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √−√−−√−−

Louisiana ............... Skim,1%,2% n.s. n.s. −−−−√− n.s.

Maine ................ Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √−√√−√

Maryland .............. Skim,1% Any size n.s. −√√−√−√

Massachusetts ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −√√ n.s. √−√

Michigan .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. √√√√√− n.s.

Minnesota .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √−√√√√− n.s.

Mississippi .............. Skim,1%,2% n.s. −−−−−√√√

Missouri ............... Skim,1%,2% No quarts n.s. √√√ n.s. √ − n.s.

Montana .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √√−√− n.s.

Nebraska .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √ √ n.s. √ − n.s.

Nevada ............... Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √√√√−√

New Hampshire ........ Skim,1% Any size n.s. n.s. √√−√−√

New Jersey ............. Skim,1%,2% No quarts n.s. −√√−√−√

New Mexico ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

New York ............. Skim,1% Any size n.s. −√√ n.s. √ − n.s.

North Carolina ........... Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −−√−√−√

North Dakota ............ Skim,1%,2% Gallons only √√√√√√− n.s.

Ohio .................. Skim,1%,2% No quarts n.s. n.s. √ − n.s. √ − n.s.

Oklahoma ............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Oregon ................ Skim,1%,2% Any size √−√√−√− n.s.

Pennsylvania ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size √−√√−√−−

Rhode Island ............ Skim,1% Any size n.s. n.s. √ √ n.s. √ − n.s.

South Carolina ........... Skim,1%,2% Gallons only −−√−−√− n.s.

South Dakota ............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√− n.s.

Tennessee .............. Skim,1%,2% Gallons only √√√√√√−√

Texas ................. Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. √√√−√− n.s.

Utah .................. Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. √√−√√−√

Vermont .............. Skim,1% Gallons only n.s. n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Virginia ................ Skim,1%,2% Gallons only n.s. −−−−√−√

Washington ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √√−√− n.s.

West Virginia ............ Skim,1%,2% Gallons only −−√− n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Wisconsin .............. Skim,1%,2% No quarts −−√√−√−−

Wyoming ............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√− n.s.

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-11
Table A.6—Milk and Milk Alternatives Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010 — Continued

Milk fat

content

(excl.

1-yr-olds)

Allowed

Package

Sizes

Alternatives to regular fluid cow’s milk

AcidophilusButter

milk

Dry

milk

Evap.

milk

Goat

milk

Lactose

free

Flavored

milk UHT

Indian Tribal Organizations

Northern Mariana Islands ...... Skim,1%,2% n.s. −−−−−√−√

ACL (NM) ............................. Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. n.s. √√√√ n.s. n.s.

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −−√−√−√

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. − − n.s. − n.s. n.s.

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Indian Township (ME) ........... Skim,1% Any size n.s. −−− n.s. √ − n.s.

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. Skim,1%,2% Gallons only −−√√−√−−

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. √√√√−√

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... Skim,1% Any size n.s. n.s. − − n.s. √ − n.s.

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... Skim,1%,2% Gallons only −−√√−√−√

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√√ n.s.

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −√√ n.s. √ − n.s.

Osage Nation (OK) ................ Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −−− n.s. √ − n.s.

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... Skim,1% Any size n.s. n.s. −−√√ n.s. n.s.

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. Skim,1%,2% Any size −−√√−√−−

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. −√√ n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. Skim,1%,2% Gallons only n.s. n.s. − √ n.s. √ − n.s.

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ Skim,1% Any size n.s. n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... Skim,1% Any size n.s. −√√ n.s. √ − n.s.

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√− n.s.

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√√√√ n.s.

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... Skim,1%,2% Any size n.s. n.s. − − n.s. √ √ n.s.

WCD (OK) ............................. Skim,1%,2% Any size √√√√ n.s. √ √ n.s.

Winnebago (NE) .................... Skim,1%,2% Any size √ n.s. − − n.s. √ n.s. n.s.

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

NOTE: Organic milk is allowed by Montana. Calcium fortified milk is allowed by Alabama, Alaska, Kentucky, North Dakota, Washington, Three Affiliated Tribes,

Ute Mountain Tribe, and Winnebego Tribe.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-12
Table A.7—Cheese Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

#

Types

Types of cheese Alternatives to

block cheese Modified

nutrients Amer- 1

ican Brick Cheddar Colby

Monterey

Jack

MozzarellaMuensterProvolone Swiss Slices String

Alabama .............. 6 √−√√√√−−√ Any type − lf,lc,ls

Alaska ................ 6 √−√√√√−−√ American2 − lf ls

Arizona ................ 4 −−√√√√−−− − √ lf ls

Arkansas ............... 4 √−√√−√−−− Any type − lf 

California ............... 4 −−√√√√−−− − √ ff,lf ls

Colorado ............... 7 √−√√√√√−√ American − –

Connecticut ............. 6 √−√√√√√−− American − ff 

Delaware .............. 3 √−√−−√−−− − − –

District of Columbia ........ 8 √−√√√√√√√ Any type − lf 

Florida ................. 2 −−√−−√−−− American − –

Georgia ................ 6 √−√√√√−−√ Any type √ –

Hawaii ................. 4 −−√√√√−−− − − ff,lf 

Idaho ................. 5 −−√√√√−−√ − √ lf 

Illinois .................. 8 √−√√√√√√√ Any type − lf,lc,ls

Indiana ................. 7 √−√√√√−√√ Any type − ff,lf 

Iowa .................. 5 −−√√√√−−√ − √ ff,lf 

Kansas ................ 6 √−√√√√−−√ American − lf 

Kentucky .............. 6 −−√√√√−√√ Any type − ff,lf,lc,ls

Louisiana ............... 4 √−√−−√−−√ Any type − ff,lf 

Maine ................ 6 √−√√√√−−√ Any type − lf 

Maryland .............. 8 √−√√√√√√√ Any type − lf ls

Massachusetts ............ 6 √−√√√√√−− American − –

Michigan .............. 8 √√√√√√√−√ American √ lf ls

Minnesota .............. 7 −−√√√√√√√ − √ lf ls

Mississippi .............. 2 √−√−−−−−− Any type √ lf 

Missouri ............... 5 √−√√√√−−− American − –

Montana .............. 5 −−√√√√−−√ − − lf 

Nebraska .............. 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − lf 

Nevada ............... 4 √−√√−√−−− Any type √ ff,lf 

New Hampshire ........ 6 √−√√√√−−√ Any type − lf 

New Jersey ............. 6 √−√√√√−−√ − − ff,lf,lc,ls

New Mexico ............ 4 −−√√√√−−− n.s. − –

New York ............. 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − lf 

North Carolina ........... 9 √√√√√√√√√ Any type − lf,lc,ls

North Dakota ............ 7 √−√√√√√−√ − √ lf 

Ohio .................. 9 √√√√√√√√√ Any type − lf 

Oklahoma ............. 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Oregon ................ 4 −−√√√√−−− − − –

Pennsylvania ............ 8 √−√√√√√√√ Any type √ ff,lf,lc,ls

Rhode Island ............ 7 √−√√√√√√− Any type − –

South Carolina ........... 8 √−√√√√√√√ Any type − lf,lc,ls

South Dakota ............. 5 √−√√√√−−− − − lf 

Tennessee .............. 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − ff,lf,lc,ls

Texas ................. 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − lf 

Utah .................. 4 −−√√√√−−− − − –

Vermont .............. 3 √−√−−√−−− American − –

Virginia ................ 5 √−√−√√−−√ Any type − lf 

Washington ............ 4 −−√√√√−−− − − ff,lf ls

West Virginia ............ 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − ff,lf,lc,ls

Wisconsin .............. 8 √√√√√√√√− American − lf 

Wyoming ............. 7 √√√√√√−−√ Any type − lf 

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-13
Table A.7—Cheese Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010 — Continued

#

Types

Types of cheese Alternatives to

block cheese Modified

nutrients Amer- 1

ican Brick Cheddar Colby

Monterey

Jack

MozzarellaMuensterProvolone Swiss Slices String

Indian Tribal Organizations

American Samoa .................... 6 √−√√√√−−√ Any type − –

Guam ...................................... 4 −−√√√√−−− − √ –

Northern Mariana Islands ...... 4 −−√√√√−−− − − –

Puerto Rico ............................. 6 √−√√√−√−√ – − –

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 √−√−√√−−√ American2 − –

ACL (NM) ............................. 4 −−√√√√−−− n.s. − –

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − lf 

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) 9 √√√√√√√√√ Any type − lf,lc,ls

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... 0 – – − − – − – – – n.s. − –

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) 4 −−√√√√−−− n.s. − –

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) 4 −−√√√√−−− n.s. − –

Indian Township (ME) ........... 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − –

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. 4 −−√√√√−−− − √ lf ls

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type √ ff,lf 

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... 8 √−√√√√√√√ n.s. − lf 

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... 4 −−√√√√−−− − √ lf ls

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... 7 √√√√√√−−√ n.s. − lf 

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − lf 

Osage Nation (OK) ................ 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... 9 √√√√√√√√√ Any type √ ff,lf,lc,ls

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ 4 −−√√√√−−− n.s. − –

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... 2 √−−√−−−−− Any type − –

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. 4 −−√√√√−−− − √ ff,lf ls

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − –

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. 9 √√√√√√√√√ Any type − –

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ 3 −−√√−√−−− n.s. − –

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... 5 √−√√√√−−− Any type − –

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... 6 √−√√√√−−√ Any type − –

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ 7 √√√√√√−−√ − √ lf 

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... 7 √√√√√√−√− n.s. √ lf 

WCD (OK) ............................. 7 √−√√√√√−√ Any type − –

Winnebago (NE) .................... 6 √−√√√√−√− n.s. √ lf 

− Not allowed by the State.

1 Modified nutrients are abbreviated as: ff = fat-free, lf=low fat, lc=low cholesterol, and ls=low sodium.

2 Includes individually wrapped American slices.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-14
Table A.8—Eggs Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

Authorized sizes and grades Other specifications

Sizes Gades Brown eggs allowed? Half dozen packages

allowed?

Alabama .................... Large only n.s. √ n.s.

Alaska ...................... S, M, L n.s. − √

Arizona ...................... S, M, L n.s. − −

Arkansas ..................... Large only Grade A, AA − −

California ..................... Large only n.s. − −

Colorado ..................... S, M, L Grade A, AA − n.s.

Connecticut ................... Large only n.s. √ −

Delaware .................... Large only n.s. − n.s.

District of Columbia .............. M, L n.s. − −

Florida ....................... Large only n.s. − n.s.

Georgia ...................... Large only Grade A − −

Hawaii ....................... M, L Grade A − −

Idaho ....................... S, M, L n.s. − −

Illinois ........................ Large only Grade A, AA n.s. n.s.

Indiana ....................... M, L n.s. − n.s.

Iowa ........................ Large only Grade A, AA √ −

Kansas ...................... Large only Grade A, AA n.s. −

Kentucky .................... S, M, L Grade A − −

Louisiana ..................... Large only n.s. − −

Maine ...................... M, L Grade A √ −

Maryland .................... M, L n.s. − −

Massachusetts .................. Large only Grade A √ n.s.

Michigan .................... S, M, L Grade A, AA − −

Minnesota .................... Large only n.s. √ −

Mississippi .................... Other n.s. − −

Missouri ..................... Large only Grade A, AA − −

Montana .................... Large only Grade A, AA − −

Nebraska .................... M, L n.s. − −

Nevada ..................... M, L Grade AA n.s. −

New Hampshire .............. M, L n.s. √ −

New Jersey ................... Large only Grade A − −

New Mexico .................. S, M, L Grade A, AA − n.s.

New York ................... M, L n.s. √ n.s.

North Carolina ................. Large only Grade A − −

North Dakota .................. M, L n.s. n.s. −

Ohio ........................ Large only n.s. − n.s.

Oklahoma ................... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Oregon ...................... Large only n.s. − −

Pennsylvania .................. S, M, L n.s. √ −

Rhode Island .................. Large only Grade A √ −

South Carolina ................. M, L Grade A − n.s.

South Dakota ................... M, L n.s. − n.s.

Tennessee .................... Large only Grade A − −

Texas ....................... S, M, L Grade A, AA − −

Utah ........................ − n.s. − n.s.

Vermont .................... Large only Grade A √ n.s.

Virginia ...................... Large only Grade A − −

Washington .................. S, M, L n.s. − −

West Virginia .................. Large only Grade A, AA − −

Wisconsin .................... Any Grade A, AA − −

Wyoming ................... Large only Grade A, AA − −

Territories

American Samoa .......................... − n.s. √ n.s.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. A-15
Table A.8—Eggs Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

Authorized sizes and grades Other specifications

Sizes Gades Brown eggs allowed? Half dozen packages

allowed?

Territories

Guam ............................................ S, M, L Grade A, AA √ −

Northern Mariana Islands ............ Large only Grade A − −

Puerto Rico ................................... Other n.s. n.s. n.s.

Virgin Islands ............................... Any Grade A − −

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ................................... S, M, L Grade A, AA − n.s.

Cherokee Nation (OK) ................. M, L Grade A, AA − −

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ......... Large only Grade A, AA n.s. n.s.

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ............... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Choctaw Nation (OK) .................. M, L Grade A, AA − −

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ............ M, L Grade A, AA − −

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) ...... Large only Grade A − −

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ............... Other n.s. n.s. n.s.

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) ...... S, M, L Grade A, AA − n.s.

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) ....... S, M, L Grade A, AA − n.s.

Indian Township (ME) ................. − n.s. √ n.s.

ITC-Arizona (AZ) ........................ S, M, L n.s. − −

ITC-Nevada (NV) ........................ M, L Grade AA n.s. −

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .................... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ............ Large only n.s. n.s. −

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) ..... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Navajo Nation (AZ) ..................... S, M, L n.s. − −

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ............ Large only Grade A, AA − √

Omaha Nation (NE) ..................... Large only Grade A, AA − n.s.

Osage Nation (OK) ...................... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ................... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Pleasant Point (ME) ..................... − Grade A √ n.s.

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) .................. S, M, L Grade A, AA − n.s.

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .......... Large only Grade AA n.s. n.s.

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ................... S, M, L n.s. − −

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .................... Large only n.s. n.s. −

Santee Sioux (NE) ........................ Any n.s. n.s. −

Santo Domingo (NM) .................. Large only n.s. n.s. n.s.

Seneca Nation (NY) ..................... M, L n.s. √ n.s.

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .......... Large only n.s. − n.s.

Three Affiliated (ND) .................. Large only n.s. n.s. −

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ............... S, M, L n.s. √ n.s.

WCD (OK) ................................... M, L Grade A, AA − −

Winnebago (NE) .......................... Any n.s. n.s. n.s.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. A-16
Table A.9—Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs,and Legumes, FY2010

Authorized brands

Milk Cheese Eggs Dry beans Canned beans Peanut butter Canned fish

Alabama .............. Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Alaska ................ Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Least cost Any brand

Arizona ................ Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Arkansas ............... Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Least cost Any brand Any brand

California ............... Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Colorado ............... Least cost Generic only Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Connecticut ............. Generic only Least cost Generic only Least cost − Least cost Least cost

Delaware .............. Generic only Generic only Generic only Generic only − Generic only Generic only

District of Columbia ........ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Florida ................. Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Georgia ................ Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Least cost

Hawaii ................. Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Idaho ................. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Illinois .................. Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Least cost Any brand

Indiana ................. Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Iowa .................. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Kansas ................ Least cost Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand

Kentucky .............. Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Louisiana ............... Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Maine ................ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Maryland .............. Generic only Any brand Generic only Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Massachusetts ............ Least cost Any brand Least cost Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Michigan .............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Minnesota .............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Mississippi .............. Generic only Generic only Generic only Generic only − Generic only Brands listed

Missouri ............... Any brand Generic only Any brand Generic only Brands listed Generic only Any brand

Montana .............. Generic only Brands listed Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand

Nebraska .............. Generic only Generic only Any brand Generic only Brands listed Generic only Any brand

Nevada ............... Least cost Any brand Least cost Any brand − Any brand Any brand

New Hampshire ........ Least cost Any brand Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

New Jersey ............. Generic only Generic only Any brand Any brand Any brand Generic only Any brand

New Mexico ............ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

New York ............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

North Carolina ........... Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

North Dakota ............ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Ohio .................. Generic only Generic only Generic only Generic only Generic only Generic only Generic only

Oklahoma ............. Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Oregon ................ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Pennsylvania ............ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Rhode Island ............ Least cost Any brand Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Least cost

South Carolina ........... Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

South Dakota ............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Tennessee .............. Any brand Generic only Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Texas ................. Least cost Least cost Any brand Least cost − Any brand Any brand

Utah .................. Least cost Least cost Least cost Least cost Least cost Least cost Least cost

Vermont .............. Any brand Any brand Any brand n.s. Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed

Virginia ................ Generic only Generic only Any brand Any brand − Generic only Any brand

Washington ............ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

West Virginia ............ Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Wisconsin .............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Wyoming ............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-17
Table A.9—Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs,and Legumes, FY2010 — Continued

Authorized brands

Milk Cheese Eggs Dry beans Canned beans Peanut butter Canned fish

Territories

American Samoa .................... Any brand n.s. Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Guam ...................................... Generic only Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Northern Mariana Islands ...... Brands listed Brands listed Any brand Any brand − Brands listed Any brand

Puerto Rico ............................. Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed

Virgin Islands ......................... Generic only Brands listed Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... Generic only Generic only Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand n.s.

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... n.s. n.s. n.s. Any brand Any brand n.s. Generic only

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Indian Township (ME) ........... Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. Least cost Any brand Least cost Any brand − Any brand Any brand

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... Generic only Generic only Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand n.s. Any brand Any brand

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... Any brand Brands listed Any brand Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... Generic only Generic only Any brand Generic only Brands listed Any brand Any brand

Osage Nation (OK) ................ Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Least cost Any brand

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... n.s. Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand − Any brand Any brand

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. Any brand Generic only Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ n.s. n.s. n.s. Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed Brands listed

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... Any brand Brands listed Any brand Any brand Any brand Brands listed Any brand

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

WCD (OK) ............................. Least cost Least cost Least cost Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

Winnebago (NE) .................... Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand Any brand

n.s. Not specified.

− Not allowed by the State.

Note: ’Brands listed’ includes name brands and may also include generic brands

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-18
Table A.10—Brands and Counts of Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

Whole grain

Indicator

on food list

Number of cold cereals Number of hot cereals

Name

Brands

Generic

Brands Total NameBrands

Generic

Brands Total

Alabama .............. √ 16 0 16 2 0 2

Alaska ................ − 11 3 14 8 0 8

Arizona ................ − 22 2 24 3 0 3

Arkansas ............... − 24 0 24 9 0 9

California ............... √ 15 1 16 5 1 6

Colorado ............... √ 23 3 26 6 0 6

Connecticut ............. − 16 8 24 7 0 7

Delaware .............. − 10 0 10 2 0 2

District of Columbia ........ √ 31 0 31 6 0 6

Florida ................. √ 22 7 29 4 2 6

Georgia ................ √ 23 5 28 3 2 5

Hawaii ................. √ 7 3 10 2 1 3

Idaho ................. √ 10 0 10 4 0 4

Illinois .................. − 16 6 22 2 0 2

Indiana ................. √ 28 0 28 7 0 7

Iowa .................. √ 19 4 23 6 0 6

Kansas ................ √ 27 15 42 8 1 9

Kentucky .............. √ 23 0 23 3 0 3

Louisiana ............... − 11 0 11 4 0 4

Maine ................ √ 21 13 34 8 1 9

Maryland .............. √ 24 0 24 7 0 7

Massachusetts ............ √ 25 10 35 9 0 9

Michigan .............. √ 22 3 25 11 1 12

Minnesota .............. √ 28 2 30 9 1 10

Mississippi .............. − 10 0 10 0 1 1

Missouri ............... √ 0 10 10 5 2 7

Montana .............. √ 18 11 29 4 2 6

Nebraska .............. √ 17 10 27 9 5 14

Nevada ............... √ 17 0 17 5 0 5

New Hampshire ........ √ 21 8 29 8 1 9

New Jersey ............. √ 18 5 23 8 1 9

New Mexico ............ − 26 3 29 2 0 2

New York ............. √ 10 5 15 9 2 11

North Carolina ........... − 23 831101

North Dakota ............ √ 23 10 33 7 1 8

Ohio .................. − 22 13 35 6 2 8

Oklahoma ............. − 25 833909

Oregon ................ √ 23 124516

Pennsylvania ............ √ 34 438606

Rhode Island ............ √ 19 524527

South Carolina ........... √ 16 117303

South Dakota ............. − 808707

Tennessee .............. √ 34 337707

Texas ................. √ 15 015202

Utah .................. √ 19 928729

Vermont .............. √ 606011

Virginia ................ √ 2 16 18112

Washington ............ − 10 111415

West Virginia ............ √ 25 025303

Wisconsin .............. √ 29 433 11 112

Wyoming ............. √ 18 422101

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-19
Table A.10—Brands and Counts of Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010 — Continued

Whole grain

Indicator

on food list

Number of cold cereals Number of hot cereals

Name

Brands

Generic

Brands Total NameBrands

Generic

Brands Total

Indian Tribal Organizations

American Samoa .................... √ 17 0 17 6 1 7

Guam ...................................... √ 14 0 14 6 0 6

Northern Mariana Islands ...... √ 12 0 12 2 0 2

Puerto Rico ............................. √ 9 6 15 1 1 2

Virgin Islands ......................... √ 23 4 27 3 2 5

ACL (NM) ............................. − 26 3 29 2 0 2

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... − 25 8 33 9 0 9

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... √ 23 9 32 8 2 10

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... − 25 9 34 8 0 8

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ − 25 10 35 8 0 8

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... − 25 10 35 8 0 8

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) − 23 8 31 1 0 1

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... − 11 2 13 8 0 8

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) − 26 3 29 2 0 2

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) − 26 3 29 2 0 2

Indian Township (ME) ........... √ 18 4 22 7 0 7

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. − 22 2 24 3 0 3

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. √ 17 0 17 5 0 5

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. − 25 9 34 8 0 8

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... √ 34 2 36 8 1 9

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) − 25 10 35 7 0 7

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... − 22 2 24 3 0 3

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... − 23 11 34 2 1 3

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... √ 15 8 23 0 3 3

Osage Nation (OK) ................ − 25 10 35 8 0 8

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. − 25 8 33 9 0 9

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... √ 20 11 31 7 0 7

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ − 26 3 29 2 0 2

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... − 15 0 15 5 0 5

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. − 22 0 22 5 1 6

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. − 20 5 25 3 0 3

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. − 20 4 24 8 0 8

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ − 13 0 13 5 0 5

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... − 13 4 17 7 411

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... − 27 12 39 7 1 8

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ √ 30 11 41 11 0 11

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... − 24 024505

WCD (OK) ............................. − 25 833909

Winnebago (NE) .................... − 44 044314

Note: If no brand is indicated, brand is specified on the WIC check or voucher

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-20
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS

General Mills

Cheerios, Regular (WG) ......................... √√√√√√√√√√√ – √√√√√

Cheerios, MultiGrain (WG) ..................... √√√√√√ – √√√√ – √√√√√

Chex, Corn ............................................. – – √ √ – √√√√ – √ – – √√√√

Chex, MultiBran ...................................... – – – – – √ – – √ – √ –––– √ –

Chex, Rice .............................................. √√√√ – √ – √√√√ – √√√√√

Chex, Wheat (WG) ................................. √ – √ √ – √ – √√√√ ––– √√√

Dora the Explorer ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – –

Fiber One (WG) ...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Honey Kix (WG) ...................................... √ √ – √ √ ––– √ √ ––– √ √ – √

Kix ........................................................... – – √√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

Total Whole Grain (WG) ......................... √ – √ – – √ √ – √ – – √ – √ √ – –

Total Cinnamon Crunch .......................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Wheaties (WG) ....................................... – – – √ – √ – √ √ ––––– √√√

Kellogg’s

Complete All-Bran Wheat Flakes (WG) .. √ – √ – – √ √ – √ √ ––– √ – – √

Corn Flakes ............................................ √ – √√√√√√√√√ – √√√√√

Corn Flakes Touch of Honey .................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Crispix ..................................................... √ –––– √ – √ √ – √ ––– √ √ –

Frosted Mini-Wheats Big Bite (WG) ....... – – – √ √ – √ – – √ √ ––– √ √ –

Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size (WG) ...... √ – √√√ –––– √ √ ––– √√√

Mini-Wheats Unfrosted Bite Size (WG) .. – – – √ √ – √ – √ √ –––– √ – √

Product 19 .............................................. – – – – – √ – √ √ ––––––––

Rice Krispies ........................................... √ – √ ––––– √ – √ – √√√√√

Special K ................................................ √ – √ – – √ √ – √ – √ ––– √ √ –

Special K Protein Plus (WG) .................. – – – – – – – – – √ –––––––

Kashi

Mighty Bites Honey Crunch (WG) .......... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Malt-O-Meal

Crispy Rice ............................................. – √ √ ––– √ – √ – – √ – – √ – √

Honey and Oat Blenders ........................ – – – – – – √ – √ – – √ –––– √

Honey and Oat Blenders, Almonds ........ – – – – – – – – √ ––––––– √

Mini Spooners Frosted (WG) .................. – √√√ – – √ – – √√√√√√√√

Mini-Spooners Maple & Brown Sugar .... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Mini Spooners Strawberry Cream (WG) ––– √ ––––– √ –––––––

Mini Spooners Vanilla Cream ................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Scooters (WG) ........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – √ –––––

Banana Nut Crunch (WG) ...................... √√√√ – √ – – √ – √ ––– √ – √

Bran Flakes (WG) ................................... – – – √√√√ – – √ – – √ – – √ √

Grape Nuts Cereal (WG) ........................ – – √ √ – √ – – √√√ – – √√√√

Grape Nuts Flakes (WG) ........................ – √ – √ – √ √ – √√√ – – √ √ – –

Grape Nuts Trail Mix Crunch, Maple Nut

& Brown Sugar (WG) ........................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Honey Bunches of Oats

Regular ............................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Almonds .............................................. √√√ – – √ – – √ – √ ––– √ – √

Cinnamon Bunches ............................ – – – – – – – – √ ––––––––

Honey Roasted ................................... √ – √ – √ √ – – √ – √ – √ – √ – √

Vanilla Bunches (WG) ........................ – √√√√ ––– √√√ ––––––

Shredded Wheat Vanilla Almond (WG) .. – – – – – – – – √ ––––––––

Trail Mix Crunch, Raisin & Almond (WG) –––––––––––––––––

Quaker

Crunchy Corn Bran ................................. – – – – √ –––– √ –––––– √

King Vitaman .......................................... √ – – √ –––––––––– √ – –

Life, Regular (WG) .................................. – √√√√√√ – √√√√√√√√√

Oat Bran (WG) ........................................ – – – √ – – √ ––––––––––

Oatmeal Squares (WG) .......................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Oatmeal Squares, Cinnamon (WG) ........ – – √√√√ – – √√√ – – √ √ – –

Oatmeal Squares, Brown Sugar (WG) ... – – √√√√ – – √√√ – – √√√ –

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-21
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC

General Mills

Cheerios, Regular (WG) ......................... √√√√√√√√ – √√√√√√√√

Cheerios, MultiGrain (WG) ..................... √ – √√√√√ – – √ – √ √ – √ – √

Chex, Corn ............................................. √ – √√√ – √ – – √ – √√√√ – –

Chex, MultiBran ...................................... – √√√√ –––––– √ √ ––––

Chex, Rice .............................................. √√√√√√√ – – √ – √√√√ – √

Chex, Wheat (WG) ................................. √ – √√√√√ – – √ – √√√√ – √

Dora the Explorer ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Fiber One (WG) ...................................... √ ––––––––––––––– √

Honey Kix (WG) ...................................... √ √ –––– √ –––– √ – √ √ – √

Kix ........................................................... √ – √√√√√ –––– √√√√√ –

Total Whole Grain (WG) ......................... – – √√√ – √ – – √ – – √ √ – – √

Total Cinnamon Crunch .......................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Wheaties (WG) ....................................... √ – √√√ – √ – – √ – – √√√ – √

Kellogg’s

Complete All-Bran Wheat Flakes (WG) .. √ – √√√ – – √ –––– √ √ – – √

Corn Flakes ............................................ √√√√√√√√ – √√√√√√√ –

Corn Flakes Touch of Honey .................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – –

Crispix ..................................................... – – √√√ – √ √ –––– √ – √ – –

Frosted Mini-Wheats Big Bite (WG) ....... √ ––– √√√ – – √ – √ – – √ – √

Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size (WG) ...... √ ––– √√√√ – – √ √ ––– √ √

Mini-Wheats Unfrosted Bite Size (WG) .. √√√√ – √√√ – – √ – √ √ – √ √

Product 19 .............................................. – – √ –––– √ –––– √ ––––

Rice Krispies ........................................... – – √√√ – √ √ – √ – – √ – √ – –

Special K ................................................ – – √√√√√√ –––– √ ––––

Special K Protein Plus (WG) .................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ –––

Kashi

Mighty Bites Honey Crunch (WG) .......... – – – – – – – √ –––––––– √

Malt-O-Meal

Crispy Rice ............................................. √ – √ ––– √ – – √ √ – √ ––––

Honey and Oat Blenders ........................ – – – – – – – – – √ √ ––– √ – –

Honey and Oat Blenders, Almonds ........ – – – – – – – – – √ √ ––– √ – –

Mini Spooners Frosted (WG) .................. √ √ ––– √ √ – – √ √ ––– √ – √

Mini-Spooners Maple & Brown Sugar .... – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – –

Mini Spooners Strawberry Cream (WG) – √ ––– √ √ ––– √ ––– √ – √

Mini Spooners Vanilla Cream ................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – –

Scooters (WG) ........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Banana Nut Crunch (WG) ...................... – – – √√√√ –––– √ –––– √

Bran Flakes (WG) ................................... √ – √√√√ ––– √ – – √√√ – √

Grape Nuts Cereal (WG) ........................ √ – √√√ – √ ––– √√√√√√√

Grape Nuts Flakes (WG) ........................ √ – √√√ ––––––– √√√√√

Grape Nuts Trail Mix Crunch, Maple Nut

& Brown Sugar (WG) ........................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Honey Bunches of Oats

Regular ............................................... – – – – – – – – – √ –––––––

Almonds .............................................. – – – √√√√ – – √√√ – – √ – –

Cinnamon Bunches ............................ – – – √ – √ √ ––– √ ––––––

Honey Roasted ................................... √ √ – √√√√ – – √√√ – √ √ – –

Vanilla Bunches (WG) ........................ – √ – √√√√ ––– √ –––– √ √

Shredded Wheat Vanilla Almond (WG) .. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trail Mix Crunch, Raisin & Almond (WG) –––––––––––––––––

Quaker

Crunchy Corn Bran ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ –––

King Vitaman .......................................... √ –––– √ –––––––––––

Life, Regular (WG) .................................. √ – √ – √√√ ––– √√√√√√√

Oat Bran (WG) ........................................ √ ––––––––––––––––

Oatmeal Squares (WG) .......................... – – – – – – √ ––––––– √ – √

Oatmeal Squares, Cinnamon (WG) ........ – – – √ – √ √ ––– √ √ –––––

Oatmeal Squares, Brown Sugar (WG) ... – √ – – √ √ –––– √ –––– √ –

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-22
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

General Mills

Cheerios, Regular (WG) ......................... √√√√√√√√√√√√ – √√√ –

Cheerios, MultiGrain (WG) ..................... √√√√√ – √√√ – √ ––– √√√

Chex, Corn ............................................. √√√√√√ – – √ – √ – – √√√ –

Chex, MultiBran ...................................... √ – √√√ –––––––––– √ –

Chex, Rice .............................................. √√√√√√ – – √ – √ √ – √√√√

Chex, Wheat (WG) ................................. √√√√√ ––– √ – √ – – √√√ –

Dora the Explorer ................................... – – – – – – – – – √ –––––––

Fiber One (WG) ...................................... – – √ –––––––––––– √ –

Honey Kix (WG) ...................................... – – √ – √ – √ ––– √ –––– √ √

Kix ........................................................... √√√√√ – √ – √√√√ – √√√ –

Total Whole Grain (WG) ......................... √√√ – √ √ – – √ – – √ – – √ √ –

Total Cinnamon Crunch .......................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Wheaties (WG) ....................................... – √ √ – √ ––– √ – √ ––– √√√

Kellogg’s

Complete All-Bran Wheat Flakes (WG) .. √ – – √ √ – – √ √ – √ ––– √ – √

Corn Flakes ............................................ √ √ – √√√√√√√√ – – √√√√

Corn Flakes Touch of Honey .................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Crispix ..................................................... √ ––– √ – √ – √ ––––– √ √ –

Frosted Mini-Wheats Big Bite (WG) ....... √√√√√ ––– √ – – √ – – √ √ –

Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size (WG) ...... √√√√√√√ – √ √ ––––– √ √

Mini-Wheats Unfrosted Bite Size (WG) .. √ – √ – √ √ – – √ √ ––– √√√ –

Product 19 .............................................. – – – – – – – – √ ––––––––

Rice Krispies ........................................... – √ – √ – – √√√√√ ––– √√√

Special K ................................................ – √ –––– √ – √ ––––– √ √ –

Special K Protein Plus (WG) .................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Kashi

Mighty Bites Honey Crunch (WG) .......... – – – – √ ––––––––––––

Malt-O-Meal

Crispy Rice ............................................. √ ––– √√√√√ – √ ––––––

Honey and Oat Blenders ........................ – √ – – √ – – √√√√ – √ ––––

Honey and Oat Blenders, Almonds ........ – √ – – √ ––– √ √ –––––––

Mini Spooners Frosted (WG) .................. √√√ – – √√√√√ – – √ – – √ √

Mini-Spooners Maple & Brown Sugar .... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Mini Spooners Strawberry Cream (WG) – – √ ––––– √ √ –––––– √

Mini Spooners Vanilla Cream ................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Scooters (WG) ........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Banana Nut Crunch (WG) ...................... – √√√√√ – – √ ––––– √ √ –

Bran Flakes (WG) ................................... √√√ – √ ––– √ – √ ––– √√√

Grape Nuts Cereal (WG) ........................ √ – √√√√ – – √ – √ – – √√√√

Grape Nuts Flakes (WG) ........................ √ – √ – √√√ – √ √ ––– √ – √ –

Grape Nuts Trail Mix Crunch, Maple Nut

& Brown Sugar (WG) ........................ – – – √ – √ –––––––––––

Honey Bunches of Oats

Regular ............................................... – – – – – – – – – – √ ––– √ – –

Almonds .............................................. – √ – √√√ – – √ √ –––– √√√

Cinnamon Bunches ............................ – – – √ √ ––– √ ––––– √ √ –

Honey Roasted ................................... √ √ – √√√ – – √√√ –––– √ –

Vanilla Bunches (WG) ........................ – – √√√√√ – √ √ – √ –––– √

Shredded Wheat Vanilla Almond (WG) .. – – √ ––––––––––––––

Trail Mix Crunch, Raisin & Almond (WG) ––– √ – √ –––––––––––

Quaker

Crunchy Corn Bran ................................. – – – – √ ––––––––––––

King Vitaman .......................................... √ ––– √ – √ – √ – √ ––– √ – –

Life, Regular (WG) .................................. √√√√√√ – – √ – √ – – √√√√

Oat Bran (WG) ........................................ – – – – √ ––––––––––– √

Oatmeal Squares (WG) .......................... √√√ – √ ––––––––– √ – –

Oatmeal Squares, Cinnamon (WG) ........ – – √√√ – √ – √ ––––– √√√

Oatmeal Squares, Brown Sugar (WG) ... – – – √ – √ √ – √ –––––– √ √

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-23
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS

Store Brand or Private Label Cold Cereals

Crispy / Puffed

Crispy Corn & Rice ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Crispy Rice ............................................. – √ √ – √√√ ––– √ √ – √ – √ √

Crispy Corn Puffs ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Flakes

Bran Flakes (WG) ................................... – – – – – – √ – – √ √ – – √ – √ √

Corn Flakes ............................................ – √ –––– √ – – √√√ ––– √ √

Frosted Flakes ........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Multigrain Flakes .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Oat Clusters & Flakes ............................. – – – – – – √ ––––––––– √

Oat Clusters & Flakes with Almonds ...... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Wheat Flakes (WG) ................................ – – – – – – √ ––––––––– √

Wheat and Rice Flakes (WG) ................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Whole Grain Flakes (WG) ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Granular

Nutty Nuggets (WG) ............................... – – – – – – – – – √ –––––– √

Shredded

Frosted Shredded Wheat (WG) .............. – √ ––– √ √ – – √ ––– √ – – √

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Bite Sz (WG) ––––– √ –––– √ – – √ – – √

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Vanilla ........... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Toasted

Square-shaped/Toasted Corn ................ – – – – – – √ –––––– √ – – √

Square-shaped/Toasted Rice ................. – – – – – – – – – √ –––––– √

Square-shaped/Toasted Wheat (WG) .... – – – – – – – – – √ –––––– √

Toasted Oats (WG) ................................ – – √ ––– √ – – √√√ – √ – √ √

Toasted Oats Multi-Grain (WG) .............. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Hot Cereals

B&G

Cream of Wheat

Instant ................................................. – √√√ –––––– √ ––––––

1 Minute .............................................. – √ – √√√√ – √ ––– √ – √√√

2 1/2 Minute ........................................ – √ – – √√√ – √ ––––– √√√

10 Minutes .......................................... – √ – – √√√ – √ ––––– √√√

Whole Grain, 2 1/2 Minute (WG) ........ – √ – √√√√√√√ – – √√√√√

Farina Mills, Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal .... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Homestat Farm

Maltex Wheat Cereal (WG) .................... – – – – – – √ ––––––––––

Maypo Instant Maple Oatmeal (WG) ...... – – – – – √ –––––––––––

Maypo Vermont Style Maple Oatmeal

(WG) ................................................. – – – – – – √ ––––––––––

Little Crow Foods, Coco Wheats .............. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – –

Malt-O-Meal

Chocolate Hot Wheat ............................. – – – √ ––––––––––– √ √

Creamy Hot Wheat ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Original Hot Wheat ................................. – √√√√√√ – – √ – √√√√√√

Instant Grits ............................................ √ √ – √ –––– √√√ ––––– √

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ....................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) ... √√√√ ––– √ √ ––––––––

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .................. – – – – – – – – – √√√√ – √ – –

Old Fashioned Oatmeal (WG) ................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Quick Oats (WG) .................................... – – – √ –––––––––––––

Regular Grits .......................................... – – – √ –––––––––––––

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-24
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC

Store Brand or Private Label Cold Cereals

Crispy / Puffed

Crispy Corn & Rice ................................. – – √ ––––––––––––––

Crispy Rice ............................................. – – √ – – √ – – √√√ – √√√√ –

Crispy Corn Puffs ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Flakes

Bran Flakes (WG) ................................... – – √ – √ – √ – √√√ – √ √ – – √

Corn Flakes ............................................ – – √ – √ √ – – √√√ – √ √ – √ –

Frosted Flakes ........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ – –

Multigrain Flakes .................................... – – √ ––––––––––––––

Oat Clusters & Flakes ............................. – – √ – √ –––– √ √ ––––––

Oat Clusters & Flakes with Almonds ...... – – – – √ –––– √ √ ––––––

Wheat Flakes (WG) ................................ – – √ ––––––– √ – – √ – – √

Wheat and Rice Flakes (WG) ................. – – – – – – – – √ ––––––––

Whole Grain Flakes (WG) ...................... – – √ ––––––––––––––

Granular

Nutty Nuggets (WG) ............................... – – √ – √ ––––– √ – √ ––– √

Shredded

Frosted Shredded Wheat (WG) .............. – – – – √ ––– √ – √ –––– √ √

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Bite Sz (WG) –––––––– √√√ –––– √ √

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Vanilla ........... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Toasted

Square-shaped/Toasted Corn ................ – – √ – √ √ – – √ √ – – √ ––––

Square-shaped/Toasted Rice ................. – – √ – √ ––– √ √ – – √ ––––

Square-shaped/Toasted Wheat (WG) .... – – √ – √ ––– √ √ – – √ ––– √

Toasted Oats (WG) ................................ – – √ – √ – √ – √√√ – √√√√√

Toasted Oats Multi-Grain (WG) .............. – – – – – – – – – √ –––––––

Hot Cereals

B&G

Cream of Wheat

Instant ................................................. √ – – √ – √ –––––– √ ––––

1 Minute .............................................. – – √√√√√ – √√√√√√√√ –

2 1/2 Minute ........................................ – √√√√√√ – √√√√√√ – √ –

10 Minutes .......................................... – – √√√√√ – √√√√√√ – √ –

Whole Grain, 2 1/2 Minute (WG) ........ √ – √√√√√ – – √ – √√√ – √ √

Farina Mills, Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal .... – – – – √ –––––––––– √ –

Homestat Farm

Maltex Wheat Cereal (WG) .................... – – – – √ –––––––– √ –––

Maypo Instant Maple Oatmeal (WG) ...... – – √ – √ √ –––––– √ √ –––

Maypo Vermont Style Maple Oatmeal

(WG) ................................................. – – √ – √ ––––––– √ – – √ –

Little Crow Foods, Coco Wheats .............. – – – – – √ √ ––– √ ––––––

Malt-O-Meal

Chocolate Hot Wheat ............................. – – – – – √ √ ––– √ ––––––

Creamy Hot Wheat ................................. – – √ ––––––– √ ––––––

Original Hot Wheat ................................. – – √ – – √ √ – √ – √ – √√√√ –

Instant Grits ............................................ – √ – √√√√ – √ – √ – – √ – √ –

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ....................... – – – – – – – – – – √ –––– √ –

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) ... – – – – – √ √ ––––––––––

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .................. √ √ – √ ––––––– √ –––––

Old Fashioned Oatmeal (WG) ................ – √ –––––––––––––––

Quick Oats (WG) .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Regular Grits .......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-25
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

Store Brand or Private Label Cold Cereals

Crispy / Puffed

Crispy Corn & Rice ................................. √ ––––––––––– √ ––––

Crispy Rice ............................................. √ √ – √ – √ – – √ – √ – √ – – √ –

Crispy Corn Puffs ................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Flakes

Bran Flakes (WG) ................................... √√√ – – √ –––– √ – √ √ –––

Corn Flakes ............................................ √ √ – – √√√ – √ – √ – √ – – √ √

Frosted Flakes ........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Multigrain Flakes .................................... – √ –––––––––– √ ––––

Oat Clusters & Flakes ............................. – √ –––––––– √ – √ ––––

Oat Clusters & Flakes with Almonds ...... – √ –––––––––––––––

Wheat Flakes (WG) ................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – √ ––––

Wheat and Rice Flakes (WG) ................. √ √ –––––––––– √ ––––

Whole Grain Flakes (WG) ...................... – – – – – – – – – – – – √ ––––

Granular

Nutty Nuggets (WG) ............................... √ – √ ––––––– √ – √ ––––

Shredded

Frosted Shredded Wheat (WG) .............. √√√ – – √ –––––– √ – – √ √

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Bite Sz (WG) – √ √ ––––––––– √ ––––

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Vanilla ........... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Toasted

Square-shaped/Toasted Corn ................ √√√ – √ ––––– √ – √ ––––

Square-shaped/Toasted Rice ................. √√√ – √ ––––– √ – √ ––––

Square-shaped/Toasted Wheat (WG) .... – √ √ ––––––– √ – √ ––– √

Toasted Oats (WG) ................................ √√√ – √ √ – – √ – √ – √ – – √ √

Toasted Oats Multi-Grain (WG) .............. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Hot Cereals

B&G

Cream of Wheat

Instant ................................................. – √ √ ––– √ ––– √ –––– √ –

1 Minute .............................................. √√√√√ ––– √ – √ – – √ – √ –

2 1/2 Minute ........................................ √√√√√ – – √ √ – √ – – √ – √ –

10 Minutes .......................................... √√√√√ ––– √ – √ – – √ – √ –

Whole Grain, 2 1/2 Minute (WG) ........ √ – √ – √√√√√√√ ––– √√√

Farina Mills, Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal .... – – – – – √ –––––– √ – – √ –

Homestat Farm

Maltex Wheat Cereal (WG) .................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Maypo Instant Maple Oatmeal (WG) ...... – – – – √ √ – √ –––––––––

Maypo Vermont Style Maple Oatmeal

(WG) ................................................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Little Crow Foods, Coco Wheats .............. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – √ √ –

Malt-O-Meal

Chocolate Hot Wheat ............................. √ – √ –––– √ ––––––– √ –

Creamy Hot Wheat ................................. – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Original Hot Wheat ................................. √√√√ – √ – √ – √ √ –––– √ –

Instant Grits ............................................ – √√√√√√√√ –––––– √ –

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ....................... – – – – – – – – √ ––––––––

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) ... √ –––––– √ √ – √ – – √√√ –

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .................. – – √ ––––––––––––––

Old Fashioned Oatmeal (WG) ................ – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Quick Oats (WG) .................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Regular Grits .......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-26
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS

Hot Cereals

Store brand or private label

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) ... – – – – √ ––––––––––––

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .................. – – – – – – – – – √√√ –––––

Instant Grits ............................................ – – – – – – – – – √ √ ––––––

Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal ..................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––– √

Quick Creamy Hot Wheat ....................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ....................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-27
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC

Hot Cereals

Store brand or private label

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) ... – – – – – √ √ – √ √ –––––––

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .................. – – – – – – – √ – – √ – – √ –––

Instant Grits ............................................ – – – – – – – – – – √ –––– √ –

Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal ..................... – – √ ––––– √√√ – √ ––––

Quick Creamy Hot Wheat ....................... – – – – – – – – – – √ ––––––

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ....................... – – – – – – – – – – √ –––– √ –

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-28
Table A.11—Breakfast Cereals Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

 — Continued

ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

Hot Cereals

Store brand or private label

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) ... √ – – √ –––––– √ – – √ – √ –

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .................. – – – – – – – – – – – √ √ ––––

Instant Grits ............................................ – √ ––– √ –––––––––––

Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal ..................... – √ ––– √ –––– √ ––––––

Quick Creamy Hot Wheat ....................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ....................... – – – – – – – – – – – ––––––

(WG) Whole grain cereals are shown in red.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-29
Table A.12—Infant Food Product Brands Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010

Brands Authorized for Infant Cereal (C), Infant F&V (FV), and Infant Meat (M)

Any brands Beech-Nut Gerber Heinz Nature’s Goodness

Alabama .............. − C, FV C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Alaska ................ − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV

Arizona ................ FV, M C C − −

Arkansas ............... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV

California ............... FV, M − C − −

Colorado ............... FV, M C C − C

Connecticut ............. − C, FV, M −−−

Delaware .............. − − C, FV, M − −

District of Columbia ........ FV, M − C − −

Florida ................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Georgia ................ − C, FV, M C, FV, M − FV, M

Hawaii ................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Idaho ................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Illinois .................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − FV

Indiana ................. − FV, M C, FV, M − FV, M

Iowa .................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV

Kansas ................ FV, M −−−−

Kentucky .............. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Louisiana ............... − FV, M FV, M − FV, M

Maine ................ − C, FV, M −−−

Maryland .............. − − C − −

Massachusetts ............ − C, FV, M −−−

Michigan .............. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Minnesota .............. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Mississippi .............. − − C − FV, M

Missouri ............... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Montana .............. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − −

Nebraska .............. C, M FV FV − FV

Nevada ............... FV, M − C − −

New Hampshire ........ − C, FV, M −−−

New Jersey ............. C, FV, M −−−−

New Mexico ............ − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C

New York ............. − FV, M C, FV, M − −

North Carolina ........... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

North Dakota ............ C − FV, M − FV, M

Ohio .................. − FV, M C, FV, M − FV, M

Oklahoma ............. − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Oregon ................ − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Pennsylvania ............ FV − C − −

Rhode Island ............ C, FV, M C, FV, M −−−

South Carolina ........... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

South Dakota ............. − FV, M C, FV, M − C

Tennessee .............. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Texas ................. FV, M − C − −

Utah .................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − −

Vermont .............. −−−− C, FV, M

Virginia ................ − − C − −

Washington ............ − C, FV C, FV, M − FV, M

West Virginia ............ − − C − −

Wisconsin .............. M − C, FV − −

Wyoming ............. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-30
Table A.12—Infant Food Product Brands Authorized by State WIC Agencies, FY2010 — Continued

Brands Authorized for Infant Cereal (C), Infant F&V (FV), and Infant Meat (M)

Any brands Beech-Nut Gerber Heinz Nature’s Goodness

Territories

American Samoa .................... − C, FV, M C, FV, M C, FV, M −

Guam ...................................... − FV, M C, FV, M − FV, M

Northern Mariana Islands ...... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − −

Puerto Rico ............................. − − C − −

Virgin Islands ......................... − C, FV, M C, FV, M C, FV, M −

Indian Tribal Organizations

ACL (NM) ............................. − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C

Cherokee Nation (OK) ........... − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Cheyenne River Sioux (SD) ... − C, FV C, FV, M C −

Chickasaw Nation (OK) ......... − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Choctaw Nation (OK) ............ − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Citizen-Potawatomi (OK) ...... − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Eastern Band-Cherokee (NC) − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Eastern Shoshone (WY) ......... FV, M −−−−

Eight Northern Pueblos (NM) − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C

Five Sandoval Pueblos (NM) − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C

Indian Township (ME) ........... C FV, M FV, M − −

ITC-Arizona (AZ) .................. FV, M C C − −

ITC-Nevada (NV) .................. FV, M − C − −

ITC-Oklahoma (OK) .............. − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Mississipii Choctaw (MS) ...... −−−−−

Muscogee Creek Nation (OK) − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Navajo Nation (AZ) ............... FV, M C C − −

Northern Arapahoe (WY) ...... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C, FV, M

Omaha Nation (NE) ............... − C, FV, M C, FV, M − −

Osage Nation (OK) ................ − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Otoe-Missouria (OK) ............. − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Pleasant Point (ME) ............... C FV, M FV, M − −

Pueblo of Isleta (NM) ............ − C, FV, M C, FV, M − C

Pueblo of San Felipe (NM) .... − − C, FV, M − −

Pueblo of Zuni (NM) ............. C FV, M FV, M − −

Rosebud Sioux (SD) .............. − C C, FV, M − −

Santee Sioux (NE) .................. − − C, FV, M − −

Santo Domingo (NM) ............ − − M − −

Seneca Nation (NY) ............... C FV, M FV, M − −

Standing Rock Sioux (ND) .... C − FV, M − FV, M

Three Affiliated (ND) ............ − − C, FV, M C FV, M

Ute Mountain Ute (CO) ......... − FV, M C, FV, M − −

WCD (OK) ............................. − C, M C, FV, M − C, M

Winnebago (NE) .................... − FV, M FV, M − −

Note: If no brand is indicated, brand is specified on the WIC check or voucher

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. A-31
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APPENDIX B 

CHANGES IN FOODS LISTED ON WIC FOOD LISTS PRE- AND

POST- IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERIM RULE
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Table B.1—Milk and Milk Substitutes Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Fluid cow’s milk

Fat content for women and

children age 2+

Skim, 1%, and 2% milk ................. 50 44 29 30 96.2 90.6 -5.6

Skim and 1% milk ......................... 1 6 8 6 3.7 8.8 5.1

Skim and 2% milk ......................... – – – 1 – 0.1 –

Not specified ................................. – 1 – 2 – 0.5 –

Package size

Any size ........................................ 17 32 17 32 24.0 68.7 44.7

No quart ........................................ 11 9 10 – 27.0 16.2 -10.8

Gallons only .................................. 22 7 9 3 45.8 9.6 -36.1

Not specified ................................. 1 3 3 4 3.3 5.4 2.2

Lactose-free milk

Package size

Quart allowed ............................... 32 38 21 28 49.7 84.4 34.7

Half-gallon only1 ........................... 12 8 8 8 41.1 8.2 -33.0

Gallons only .................................. 6 6 3 1 7.3 9.2 1.9

Not specified ................................. 2 1 8 2 2.2 0.3 -1.8

Other alternatives to fluid cow’s milk

Acidophilus ................................... 25 23 18 18 41.5 25.3 -16.2

Buttermilk ...................................... 14 14 10 12 21.3 23.9 2.7

Dry ................................................ 47 45 27 22 92.8 91.3 -1.5

Evaporated ................................... 46 39 27 24 91.6 82.9 -8.7

Goat milk ...................................... 18 17 5 6 19.4 19.1 -0.3

Calcium fortified ............................ 6 5 1 3 6.1 5.7 -0.4

Flavored milk ................................ 3 2 6 12 3.1 2.7 -0.5

UHT .............................................. 15 18 8 8 26.7 33.3 6.6

1 Two states in this category also allow gallons. – Value is zero.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-1
Table B.2—Cheese Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Most common types or varieties

American ...................................... 43 38 31 28 91.8 66.5 -25.4

Brick .............................................. 8 5 10 6 7.7 10.6 2.9

Cheddar ........................................ 51 51 39 37 100.0 100.0 0.0

Colby ............................................ 43 45 37 37 77.1 89.2 12.1

Monterey Jack .............................. 47 44 34 36 95.4 89.2 -6.3

Mozarella ...................................... 48 50 36 36 93.7 96.8 3.1

Muenster ....................................... 14 17 13 14 16.9 29.2 12.3

Provolone ..................................... 14 12 6 6 18.5 22.5 3.9

Swiss ............................................ 31 28 24 19 39.7 42.6 2.9

Number of varieties

2-3 ................................................ 4 4 3 2 5.4 7.3 1.9

4-5 ................................................ 18 20 14 16 56.0 51.3 -4.7

6-7 ................................................ 20 18 15 16 28.8 21.3 -7.5

8-9 ................................................ 9 9 7 4 9.8 20.0 10.2

Package size

Less than 16 oz allowed ............... 26 26 16 17 43.7 44.3 0.5

16 oz only ..................................... 9 17 8 10 12.3 30.7 18.4

16 or 32 oz .................................... 7 5 4 5 30.3 15.2 -15.1

Not specified ................................. 9 3 11 7 13.6 9.8 -3.8

Other allowed forms

Deli

Yes ........................................... 4 3 4 3 23.0 7.4 -15.6

No ............................................. 40 39 17 24 68.3 80.5 12.2

Not specified ............................. 7 9 18 12 8.7 12.1 3.4

Sliced

Any variety ................................ 31 27 25 21 78.4 53.3 -25.1

Any variety, incl. indiv wrapped – 1 1 – 0.1 0.3 0.2

American, not indiv wrapped .... 6 10 3 1 9.8 16.2 6.4

American, indiv wrapped .......... – 1 1 1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Not allowed ............................... 11 14 8 6 10.1 28.1 18.0

Not specified ............................. 2 1 5 10 0.5 0.7 0.2

Shredded

Yes ........................................... 1 1 – – 2.9 0.8 -2.0

Not specified ............................. 50 50 39 39 97.1 99.2 2.0

String

Yes ........................................... 13 11 6 9 21.6 31.9 10.3

No ............................................. 38 40 33 29 78.4 68.1 -10.3

Fat free

Yes ........................................... 10 13 – 3 35.6 32.5 -3.1

No ............................................. 3 5 – – 3.3 5.2 1.9

Not specified ............................. 38 33 39 36 61.1 62.3 1.2

Low cholesterol

Yes ........................................... 7 9 1 2 14.4 18.1 3.7

No ............................................. 3 4 – – 4.2 21.3 17.1

Not specified ............................. 41 38 38 37 81.4 60.6 -20.8

Low sodium

Yes ........................................... 13 16 1 5 37.7 44.2 6.5

No ............................................. 4 3 – – 6.2 5.0 -1.2

Not specified ............................. 34 32 38 34 56.1 50.8 -5.3

– Value is zero.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-2
Table B.3—Eggs Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Size

Any size ........................................ 6 1 4 3 6.0 1.5 -4.5

Small, Medium, Large ................... 8 10 7 9 36.7 25.7 -11.0

Medium, Large .............................. 11 13 10 11 13.9 14.8 0.9

Large only ..................................... 21 25 12 11 36.8 53.9 17.1

Other ............................................. 2 1 5 3 3.5 0.9 -2.6

Not specified ................................. 3 1 1 2 3.2 3.2 0.1

Grade

Grade A only ................................. 12 12 10 4 16.7 17.6 0.9

Grade AA only .............................. 2 1 1 2 16.2 0.8 -15.4

Both .............................................. 13 14 12 17 26.7 27.7 1.0

Not specified ................................. 24 24 16 16 40.3 53.9 13.6

Other Specifications

Brown eggs

Yes ............................................... 12 11 9 6 21.3 15.5 -5.8

No ................................................. 31 36 21 22 71.5 77.2 5.7

Not specified ................................. 8 4 9 11 7.1 7.3 0.1

Half dozen

Yes ............................................... 1 1 – 1 0.2 0.3 0.1

No ................................................. 24 36 24 21 32.0 69.9 37.8

Not specified ................................. 26 14 15 17 67.8 29.8 -37.9

– Value is zero.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-4
Table B.4—Dry and Canned Beans Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Dry Beans and Peas

Type or variety

Any variety of plain beans or peas 40 41 24 29 77.4 78.3 0.9

Most common types specified

Black beans .............................. 6 8 9 7 15.1 19.9 4.8

Garbanzo beans ....................... 5 6 9 6 5.4 7.0 1.5

Great Northern beans ............... 5 4 7 6 3.2 2.0 -1.2

Kidney beans ............................ 7 7 14 6 7.3 6.6 -0.7

Lima beans ............................... 5 4 10 5 4.2 4.9 0.7

Navy beans ............................... 7 7 13 6 15.4 16.6 1.3

Pink beans ................................ – – 1 2 2.1 2.1 0.0

Pinto beans ............................... 7 8 15 10 18.4 20.0 1.5

Red beans ................................ 4 4 6 5 2.2 4.1 1.9

Blackeyed peas ........................ 6 5 9 7 5.1 6.7 1.7

Number of varieties specified

3 to 5 ......................................... 1 3 4 5 13.4 14.2 0.8

6 to 8 ......................................... 3 3 9 3 3.9 4.8 0.9

More than 8 .............................. 4 4 4 2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Package size

One pound only ............................ 35 38 29 28 64.0 80.9 16.8

Less than 1 lb. allowed ................. 7 6 2 5 10.6 5.1 -5.6

2 lbs. allowed ................................ 1 2 – – 1.2 1.3 0.1

Not specified ................................. 8 5 8 6 24.1 12.7 -11.4

Canned Beans

Canned beans are authorized ....... 13 37 3 32 18.7 71.3 52.6

Type or variety

Any variety .................................... 7 24 1 20 10.6 56.9 46.3

Varieties are specified1 ................ 4 14 – 13 16.7 16.6 -0.2

Not specified ................................. 4 – 2 – 7.3 – -7.3

Other allowed types

Baked beans

Yes ........................................... 4 3 1 3 4.8 5.9 1.1

No ............................................. 1 22 – 9 0.9 47.9 47.1

Not specified ............................. 8 12 2 20 13.1 17.5 4.4

Refried beans, fat free

Yes ........................................... – 8 – 2 – 6.7 6.7

No ............................................. 1 12 – 3 1.6 25.1 23.4

Not specified ............................. 12 17 3 27 17.1 39.6 22.5

Low sodium beans

Yes ........................................... – 8 – 4 – 23.8 23.8

No ............................................. – 2 – – – 1.8 1.8

Not specified ............................. 13 27 3 28 18.7 45.7 27.0

Package size

16 oz only ................................. – 6 1 4 0.1 7.6 7.5

Less than 16 oz allowed ........... 7 29 – 24 12.3 54.7 42.4

Not specified ............................. 6 2 2 4 6.4 9.1 2.7

1 When specified, varieties of canned beans are generally the same as the varieties specified for dry bean. – Value is zero.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-5
Table B.5—Peanut Butter Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Type or variety

Creamy / smooth .......................... 50 50 37 37 99.7 99.8 0.1

Crunchy / chunky .......................... 47 48 35 35 94.4 94.6 0.3

Extra crunchy / super chunky ....... 18 21 13 16 58.3 57.9 -0.4

Natural / Old fashioned ................. 18 19 9 14 39.8 44.2 4.4

Not specified ................................. – – 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Combinations of allowed types

Creamy only ............................. 3 2 2 2 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Natural only .............................. 1 1 – – 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Creamy or Crunchy .................. 22 19 21 13 27.6 27.0 -0.6

Creamy, Crunchy, or Natural .... 7 8 1 6 8.5 9.7 1.2

Creamy, Crunchy, or Extra

Crunchy .................................... 8 11 5 8 27.2 23.6 -3.6

All four types ............................. 10 10 8 8 31.1 34.3 3.2

Not specified ............................. – – 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Package size

18 oz only ..................................... 22 22 24 21 50.8 38.9 -11.8

Less than 18 oz allowed ............... 27 27 11 15 46.2 52.1 5.9

Not specified ................................. 2 2 4 3 3.0 9.0 5.9

Other allowed specifications

Reduced fat

Yes ............................................... 3 7 2 7 8.4 16.3 8.0

No ................................................. 31 26 7 3 69.7 60.7 -9.0

Not specified ................................. 17 18 30 29 22.0 23.0 1.0

Low sodium

Yes ............................................... 10 16 2 7 31.7 40.0 8.4

No ................................................. 3 5 1 – 3.6 8.3 4.7

Not specified ................................. 38 30 36 32 64.8 51.7 -13.1

Low sugar

Yes ............................................... 8 11 2 6 25.8 29.8 4.0

No ................................................. 2 4 1 – 1.9 6.6 4.6

Not specified ................................. 41 36 36 33 72.3 63.6 -8.6

– Value is zero.

NOTE: Organic peanut butter is not allowed in any state and is explicitly disallowed in 56 States. Fortified peanut butter and fresh

ground peanut butter

are each allowed in one State, while these product forms are each explictly disallowed in 19 States.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-6
Table B.6—Product Brands Authorized for Milk, Cheese, Eggs,and Legumes: FY2009 and

FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Milk

Any brand ..................................... 21 19 17 15 47.5 41.9 -5.6

Least expensive, no NTE ............. 24 23 14 13 46.6 46.6 -0.1

Store brand or private label only ... 6 9 3 3 5.8 11.5 5.6

Specific brands allowed ................ – – – – – 0.1 0.1

Not reported .................................. – – – 3 – 0.0 0.0

Cheese

Any brand ..................................... 33 27 23 15 66.1 49.3 -16.8

Least expensive, no NTE ............. 11 14 6 10 23.2 36.7 13.5

Store brand or private label only ... 7 9 4 4 8.6 13.6 5.0

Specific brands allowed ................ – 1 1 3 2.2 0.4 -1.8

Not reported .................................. – – – 2 – 0.1 0.1

Eggs

Any brand ..................................... 35 32 26 20 77.9 67.8 -10.2

Least expensive, no NTE ............. 13 14 6 11 19.0 25.2 6.2

Store brand or private label only ... 3 5 2 – 3.1 7.0 3.9

Specific brands allowed ................ – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Not reported .................................. – – – 2 – 0.0 0.0

Dry beans/peas

Any brand ..................................... 44 41 29 30 81.1 77.2 -3.9

Least expensive, no NTE ............. 4 4 4 – 13.7 13.6 -0.1

Store brand or private label only ... 3 5 1 1 3.1 6.9 3.7

Specific brands allowed ................ – – – 3 2.1 2.1 0.0

Not reported .................................. – 1 – – – 0.2 0.2

Canned beans

Any brand ..................................... 12 28 2 20 33.4 56.7 23.2

Least expensive, no NTE ............. 2 2 – – 1.1 1.9 0.8

Store brand or private label only ... – 1 – – – 3.3 3.3

Specific brands allowed ................ – 8 – 10 – 13.1 13.1

Not applicable ............................... 36 12 32 3 65.3 24.9 -40.4

Not reported .................................. 1 – – 1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Number of specific brands allowed

One ........................................... – 3 – 1 – 3.4 3.4

Two ........................................... – 2 – 3 – 1.9 1.9

Three or more ........................... – 3 – 6 – 7.8 7.8

Peanut butter

Any brand ..................................... 42 38 31 28 87.6 81.9 -5.7

Least expensive, no NTE ............. 5 4 – 1 5.4 5.1 -0.2

Store brand or private label only ... 4 7 1 – 4.9 10.5 5.5

Specific brands allowed ................ – 2 1 4 2.1 2.5 0.4

Not reported .................................. – – 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0

– Value is zero. NTE = Not to exceed. Categories that do not apply to a food group in any State are not shown under that food group.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-7
Table B.7—Juice Flavors, Brands, and Package Sizes on WIC Food Lists, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Single flavors

Apple ............................................ 51 51 39 39 100.0 100.0 –

Cranberry ...................................... 13 21 5 24 20.3 45.8 25.5

Grape ............................................ 50 51 36 39 98.1 100.0 1.9

White grape .................................. 48 49 34 38 97.0 98.1 1.0

Grapefruit ...................................... 42 42 27 34 75.3 90.6 15.3

Orange .......................................... 48 49 39 39 98.4 98.6 0.2

Pineapple ...................................... 46 46 35 38 97.3 95.8 -1.5

Tomato ......................................... 33 32 22 29 58.3 61.7 3.4

Vegetable ..................................... 41 36 22 28 89.5 76.7 -12.8

All 9 single flavors authorized

Yes ............................................... 9 12 3 18 14.7 28.2 13.5

No ................................................. 42 39 36 21 85.3 71.8 -13.5

Blended flavors

Any blends authorized

Yes ........................................... 44 37 34 36 80.0 81.5 1.5

No ............................................. 7 14 5 3 20.0 18.5 -1.5

Flavor blends

Apple blends ............................. 3 5 7 12 3.6 20.4 16.8

Cranberry blends ...................... 6 8 6 15 9.9 26.8 16.9

Grape blends ............................ 32 28 17 29 47.8 44.6 -3.2

Orange blends .......................... 30 22 26 27 62.6 66.7 4.1

Pineapple blends ...................... 12 13 12 11 19.5 36.6 17.1

Any Juicy Juice flavor ............... 33 24 19 22 53.0 39.7 -13.4

Types of brands

Any brand ..................................... 32 35 21 28 67.2 71.1 3.9

Least expensive ............................ 8 7 6 1 25.1 23.8 -1.4

Store brands or private labels ....... 37 39 27 35 57.2 65.9 8.6

Name brands ................................ 49 46 38 34 73.2 69.4 -3.9

Package type

Concentrate

Frozen (10 to 12 oz) ................. 49 48 38 39 98.6 95.7 -2.9

Frozen (16 oz) .......................... 2 9 4 5 6.8 42.5 35.7

Shelf-stable ............................... 44 17 35 11 81.4 26.1 -55.3

Canned juice ................................. 29 26 19 14 42.5 55.5 13.0

Bottled juice

46 to 48 oz bottles .................... 29 16 25 12 57.6 43.6 -14.0

64 oz bottles ............................. 5 48 4 36 20.8 98.2 77.4

Refrigerated juice ......................... 3 18 1 19 2.8 46.8 44.0

Authorized packaging varies for

women and children

Yes ........................................... – 13 – 2 – 13.3 13.3

No ............................................. 51 38 39 37 100.0 86.7 -13.3

– Value is zero.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-8
Table B.8—Average Number of Juice Flavors on WIC Food Lists, Overall and By

Type of Package and Brand: FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC,

weighted by

participants

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010

Average number of authorized

flavors

Single flavors ................................ 7.3 7.4 6.6 7.9 7.3 7.7

Flavor blends ................................ 2.3 2.0 2.2 3.0 2.0 2.4

Total .............................................. 9.6 9.4 8.9 10.9 9.3 10.0

Average number of flavors by

brand type

Any brand ..................................... 1.9 2.4 1.5 3.1 2.7 4.4

Least expensive ............................ 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.0 1.7 2.0

Store brands and private labels .... 2.6 4.0 2.5 7.1 2.2 3.3

Name brands ................................ 8.2 7.7 7.4 8.7 6.5 6.0

Average number of flavors by

package type

Frozen, 10 to 12 oz ....................... 7.5 7.1 7.4 8.8 7.2 7.4

Frozen, 16 oz ................................ 0.0 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.0 2.5

Shelf-stable concentrate ............... 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.2 3.2

Cans ............................................. 7.2 2.7 6.4 2.4 7.1 2.5

Bottles, 46 to 48 oz ....................... 4.6 2.4 4.1 2.6 4.8 3.8

Bottles, 64 oz ................................ 0.0 8.1 0.9 10.4 1.2 9.9

Refrigerated .................................. 0.0 0.9 0.0 1.8 0.0 1.1

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-9
Table B.9—Cold Breakfast Cereals Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

General Mills

Cheerios, Regular (WG) ................................... 46 47 39 39 93.6 96.1 2.5

Cheerios, MultiGrain (WG) ............................... 34 38 18 34 51.8 68.8 17.0

Chex, Corn ....................................................... 33 32 20 29 50.1 42.5 -7.6

Chex, MultiBran ................................................ 24 15 14 18 40.2 18.9 -21.3

Chex, Rice ........................................................ 37 40 21 31 54.9 57.7 2.8

Chex, Wheat (WG) ........................................... 35 33 22 30 51.2 51.2 0.0

Cinnamon Toast Crunch ................................... – – 1 – 0.0 – 0.0

Country Corn Flakes1 ....................................... 10 – 16 – 14.1 – -14.1

Dora the Explorer ............................................ 6 2 7 3 23.8 15.3 -8.5

Fiber One Frosted Shredded Wheats (WG) ..... – 5 1 12 0.0 8.3 8.3

Honey Kix (WG) ................................................ – 22 1 20 0.0 49.7 49.7

Kaboom (WG) ................................................... 3 – 5 2 8.7 0.1 -8.6

Kix ..................................................................... 44 39 37 37 91.5 87.6 -3.9

Oatmeal Crisp Crunchy Almond (WG) ............. – – – 1 – 0.1 0.1

Total Whole Grain (WG) ................................... 26 25 22 28 36.9 36.1 -0.8

Total Cinnamon Crunch .................................... – 1 1 4 0.0 3.0 3.0

Total Honey Clusters ........................................ – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Wheaties (WG) ................................................. 24 25 23 27 36.6 31.3 -5.3

Para Su Familia Raisin Bran ............................ 1 – – 1 11.3 0.0 -11.3

Kellogg’s

Complete All-Bran Wheat Flakes (WG) ............ 22 24 19 13 38.6 35.0 -3.6

Corn Flakes ...................................................... 44 44 29 27 91.6 89.2 -2.4

Corn Flakes Touch of Honey ............................ – 1 – 6 – 0.7 0.7

Crispix .............................................................. 26 20 15 17 37.2 24.8 -12.4

Frosted Mini-Wheats Big Bite (WG) ................. 32 24 18 27 62.7 54.3 -8.4

Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size (WG) ................ 32 29 21 23 68.2 77.0 8.8

Frosted Mini-Wheats Little Bites Chocolate ...... – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Frosted Mini-Wheats Blueberry Muffin ............. – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Frosted Mini-Wheats Strawberry Delight .......... 1 – 1 1 1.1 0.0 -1.1

Mini-Wheats Raisin ........................................... 2 – 2 – 2.4 – -2.4

Mini-Wheats Unfrosted Bite Size (WG) ............ 5 28 – 20 27.6 69.7 42.1

Product 19 ........................................................ 16 7 14 9 23.9 5.3 -18.6

Rice Krispies ..................................................... 19 27 7 19 45.9 44.5 -1.4

Special K .......................................................... 31 20 18 17 52.3 29.9 -22.4

Special K Protein Plus (WG) ............................ 2 2 1 – 8.7 7.6 -1.1

Special K with Red Berries ............................... – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Kashi

Mighty Bites Honey Crunch (WG) .................... 1 4 – 1 2.9 7.9 5.0

Mighty Bites Cinnamon ..................................... 1 – – – 2.9 – -2.9

Malt-O-Meal

Crispy Rice ....................................................... 14 20 3 10 25.4 20.7 -4.8

Corn Flakes1 .................................................... 4 – – – 4.4 – -4.4

Honey and Oat Blenders .................................. 4 14 1 8 18.1 25.7 7.6

Honey and Oat Blenders, Almonds .................. 1 9 – 6 11.3 23.9 12.6

LifeTime1 .......................................................... 1 – – – 0.2 – -0.2

Mini Spooners Frosted (WG) ............................ 20 31 9 24 46.6 58.7 12.1

Mini-Spooners Maple & Brown Sugar ............. 4 1 – 5 4.9 0.7 -4.2

Mini Spooners Strawberry Cream (WG) ........... 2 12 – 16 3.0 31.7 28.7

Mini Spooners Vanilla Cream ........................... 2 1 1 5 3.3 0.7 -2.6

Puffed Rice (WG) ............................................. 8 – 4 1 10.3 0.0 -10.3

Puffed Wheat (WG) .......................................... 4 – 3 1 3.3 0.0 -3.3

Scooters (WG) .................................................. 13 1 8 1 18.8 0.4 -18.3

Toasty O’s (WG)1 ............................................. 1 – 3 1 1.1 0.0 -1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-10
Table B.9—Cold Breakfast Cereals Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

 — Continued

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Post

100% Bran (WG) .............................................. – – 5 1 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Alpha-Bits ......................................................... – – 3 2 0.1 0.0 0.0

Post (continued)

Banana Nut Crunch (WG) ................................ 22 23 11 16 38.3 36.9 -1.4

Bran Flakes (WG) ............................................. 25 27 26 23 47.6 52.7 5.1

Shredded Wheat, Spoon size, Lightly Frosted

(WG) ........................................................... – – 3 1 2.1 0.0 -2.1

Grape Nuts Cereal (WG) .................................. 25 33 25 35 38.5 53.0 14.5

Grape Nuts Flakes (WG) .................................. 25 27 25 32 37.5 57.2 19.7

Grape-Nuts Trail Mix Crunch ............................ 2 – – 2 3.0 0.0 -3.0

Grape Nuts Trail Mix Crunch, Maple Nut &

Brown Sugar (WG) ..................................... – 2 – 3 – 1.5 1.5

Great Grains Crunchy Pecans .......................... – – 1 1 0.0 0.0 –

Great Grains Raisins, Dates, & Pecans ........... – – 1 – 0.0 – 0.0

Honey Bunches of Oats .................................... 5 3 13 3 6.3 1.7 -4.6

Honey Bunches of Oats, Almonds .................... 28 25 23 15 45.2 44.2 -0.9

Honey Bunches of Oats, Cinnamon Bunches .. 11 10 – 1 23.9 14.6 -9.3

Honey Bunches of Oats, Honey Roasted ......... 35 29 18 14 70.8 67.4 -3.4

Honey Bunches of Oats w/ Real Peaches ........ – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Honey Bunches of Oats w/Strawberries ........... – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Honey Bunches of Oats, Pecan Bunches ........ – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Honey Bunches of Oats, Vanilla Bunches

(WG) ........................................................... 6 24 2 19 27.2 69.4 42.3

Shredded Wheat Vanilla Almond (WG) ............ – 2 – 9 – 1.7 1.7

Trail Mix Crunch, Raisin & Almond (WG) ......... – 2 – – – 1.5 1.5

Quaker

Crunchy Corn Bran ........................................... 14 5 9 7 41.6 26.9 -14.7

King Vitaman .................................................... 19 11 15 8 39.2 16.8 -22.4

Life, Regular (WG) ............................................ 38 39 30 37 76.5 74.8 -1.6

Life, Cinnamon ................................................. – – 1 – 0.1 – -0.1

Life, Maple and Brown Sugar ........................... – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Oat Bran (WG) .................................................. 6 5 4 3 14.9 6.3 -8.5

Oatmeal Squares (WG) .................................... 10 9 15 20 14.7 14.7 0.0

Oatmeal Squares, Cinnamon (WG) .................. 16 22 1 17 28.4 52.9 24.5

Oatmeal Squares, Hint of Brown Sugar (WG) .. 14 21 2 9 39.6 53.6 14.0

Puffed Wheat .................................................... – – 1 – 0.0 – 0.0

Store brand or private label

Crispy / Puffed

Crispy Corn & Rice ........................................... 7 3 7 5 7.2 2.3 -4.9

Crispy Rice ....................................................... 29 27 18 24 57.8 55.7 -2.2

Crispy Corn Puffs ............................................. 5 1 5 1 5.3 0.9 -4.5

Flakes

Bran Flakes (WG) ............................................. 21 22 16 18 35.0 37.4 2.4

Corn Flakes ...................................................... 28 26 16 11 46.3 40.8 -5.5

Frosted Flakes .................................................. – 1 1 5 2.1 2.7 0.7

Multigrain Flakes .............................................. 7 4 1 – 9.9 6.2 -3.8

Oat Clusters & Flakes ....................................... 8 9 4 1 13.7 9.8 -3.9

Oat Clusters & Flakes with Almonds ................ 8 5 3 2 6.7 6.3 -0.4

Wheat Flakes (WG) .......................................... 1 7 2 8 0.2 9.0 8.7

Wheat and Rice Flakes (WG) ........................... 5 4 1 1 11.1 6.8 -4.3

Whole Grain Flakes (WG) ................................ 5 2 3 1 6.6 2.0 -4.6

Granular

Nutty Nuggets (WG) ......................................... 12 11 12 16 10.7 16.1 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-11
Table B.9—Cold Breakfast Cereals Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

 — Continued

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Shredded

Frosted Shredded Wheat (WG) ........................ 13 18 7 16 23.7 34.7 11.0

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Bite Size (WG) ........ 15 12 6 17 26.7 26.3 -0.4

Frosted Shredded Wheat, Vanilla ..................... – 1 – 1 – 3.0 3.0

Toasted

Square Shaped Corn / Toasted Corn ............... 17 15 13 14 25.6 21.8 -3.8

Square Shaped Rice / Toasted Rice ................ 16 13 14 14 22.8 20.7 -2.1

Square Shaped Wheat / Toasted Wheat (WG) 9 13 4 14 11.4 20.8 9.3

Toasted Oats (WG) .......................................... 25 29 24 29 40.7 50.6 10.0

Toasted Oats Multi-Grain (WG) ........................ 1 1 – – 0.2 0.2 –

Toasted Oats with Honey ................................. – – 1 – 0.0 – 0.0

Toasted Oats, Fruit flavored ............................. – – 1 1 2.1 2.1 –

1 Product is discontinued. – Value is zero.

(WG) Whole grain cereals are shown in red.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-12
Table B.10—Hot Breakfast Cereals Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

B&G

Cream of Wheat

Instant ............................................. 25 13 23 21 43.3 21.9 -21.4

1 Minute .......................................... 40 32 31 23 77.1 57.3 -19.7

2 1/2 Minute .................................... 38 31 32 26 72.3 57.2 -15.1

10 Minutes ...................................... 36 29 32 24 69.1 55.2 -13.9

Whole Grain, 2 1/2 Minute (WG) .... 5 37 – 19 12.3 75.7 63.4

Chocolate ....................................... – – 1 – 0.0 – 0.0

Cream of Rice ..................................... 1 – – – 5.7 – -5.7

Happy Morning

Maciena .............................................. – – 1 – 2.1 – -2.1

Nestum 3 Cereales ............................. – – 1 – 2.1 – -2.1

Tres Cereales ..................................... – – 1 – 2.1 – -2.1

Farina Mills

Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal ................. 5 5 3 – 10.9 10.4 -0.5

Homestat Farm

Maltex Wheat Cereal (WG) ................ 4 3 1 1 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Maypo Instant Maple Oatmeal (WG) .. 12 9 7 5 21.3 11.2 -10.1

Maypo Vermont Style Maple Oatmeal

(WG) ............................................. 5 5 2 2 13.3 8.1 -5.2

Little Crow Foods

Coco Wheats ...................................... 8 6 6 4 12.2 8.7 -3.4

Malt-O-Meal

Chocolate Hot Wheat ......................... 10 10 17 14 10.1 10.8 0.8

Creamy Hot Wheat ............................. 2 3 – – 1.8 1.6 -0.2

Original Hot Wheat ............................. 27 31 32 29 68.4 70.0 1.6

Quaker

Farina ................................................. – – 4 3 2.1 0.1 -2.1

Instant Grits ........................................ 30 25 15 12 58.0 45.8 -12.1

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ................... 3 3 2 2 10.3 8.0 -2.3

Instant Grits Cheddar Cheese ............ – – – 1 – 0.0 0.0

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) 10 15 6 5 11.6 17.1 5.5

Instant Oatmeal (No indiv.) (WG) ....... 1 – 3 1 2.9 0.0 -2.9

Instant Oatmeal (NFS)1 (WG) ............ 16 10 13 16 32.4 21.3 -11.1

Old Fashioned Oatmeal (WG) ............ 1 1 3 1 2.0 1.7 -0.2

Quick Oats (WG) ................................ – 1 2 2 2.1 1.1 -1.0

Regular Grits ...................................... – 1 – – – 1.1 1.1

Store brand or private label

Instant Oatmeal (Indiv. packets) (WG) 10 10 1 1 28.7 27.4 -1.3

Instant Oatmeal (No indiv.) (WG) ....... – – 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Instant Oatmeal (NFS) (WG) .............. 9 8 11 8 16.7 17.2 0.5

Instant Grits ........................................ 10 6 4 2 20.2 18.9 -1.4

Creamy Hot Wheat Cereal ................. 8 9 1 3 4.7 8.1 3.4

Quick Creamy Hot Wheat ................... 4 1 – 1 8.4 0.5 -7.9

Instant Grits Butter Flavor ................... 2 2 – 1 6.1 6.1 0.0

1 Packaging was not further specified (NFS). – Value is zero.

(WG) Whole grain cereals are shown in red.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-13
Table B.11—Infant Cereals Authorized by WIC State Agencies, FY2009 and FY2010

Number of States Number of ITOs &

Territories

Total WIC

(percent of participants)

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2009 FY 2010 Change

Infant Cereals

Type or variety

Any grain ...................................... 7 5 4 – 10.4 8.8 -1.6

Grains not specified ...................... 12 9 9 7 16.6 10.7 -5.9

Varieties, if specified

Barley ....................................... 30 27 17 16 69.6 54.0 -15.6

Mixed grain ............................... 27 29 16 22 66.5 71.6 5.1

Multigrain .................................. – 9 – 2 – 12.8 12.8

Oatmeal .................................... 32 37 20 26 71.0 80.5 9.6

Rice .......................................... 32 37 20 26 71.0 80.5 9.6

Whole wheat ............................. – 20 – 14 0.2 46.6 46.4

Number of varieties

Two ............................................... 2 3 1 1 1.4 3.1 1.7

Three ............................................ 3 2 5 – 3.0 1.3 -1.8

Four .............................................. 27 17 14 21 66.6 51.6 -15.0

Five ............................................... – 11 – 4 – 17.8 17.8

Six ................................................. – 4 – – – 6.8 6.8

Not specified ................................. 19 14 13 7 26.9 19.5 -7.5

Number of authorized brands

Any brand ..................................... 12 4 13 5 13.8 2.8 -11.0

One ............................................... 10 20 1 4 35.3 53.3 17.9

Two ............................................... 7 7 5 5 11.6 12.5 0.9

Three ............................................ 15 19 14 16 24.4 29.2 4.8

Four .............................................. 3 – – – 7.1 – -7.1

Not reported .................................. 4 6 1 4 7.9 6.8 -1.1

Authorized brands, if specified

Beech-Nut ..................................... 21 30 16 20 38.7 44.2 5.5

Gerber .......................................... 35 40 20 25 78.4 91.9 13.6

Nature’s Goodness ....................... 9 21 – 15 14.7 29.4 14.7

Del-Monte ..................................... 11 – 8 – 17.6 – -17.6

Earth’s Best .................................. 1 – – – 2.1 0.1 -2.0

Heinz ............................................ 4 – 9 2 8.4 0.2 -8.3

Package size

8 oz only ....................................... 22 25 16 10 43.3 58.8 15.5

8 or 16 oz ...................................... 22 24 9 20 48.2 37.6 -10.6

Not specified ................................. 6 2 9 4 7.7 3.7 -4.1

– Value is zero. Categories that do not apply in any State are not shown under that food group.

NOTE: If "any brand" is allowed, brands are not specified.

Mathematic Policy Research, Inc. B-14
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