TABLE OF CONTENTS AND LISTS OF 

TABLES, FIGURES, AND MAPS 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

Chapter 1. Proposed Action and Purpose and Need .................................................................................................1-1 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1-1 

Proposed Action ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 

Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action ........................................................................................... 1-2 

Scope of Analysis and Decisions to Be Made ....................................................................................... 1-2 

Study Area and Scope of Analysis................................................................................................ 1-2 

Decisions to be Made ..................................................................................................................... 1-3 

Documents that Influence the Scope of the PEIS .................................................................................. 1-3 

Relationship to Statutes, Regulations, and Policies ............................................................................... 1-3 

NEPA Requirements of the Program ............................................................................................ 1-4 

Interrelationships and Coordination with Agencies............................................................................... 1-4 

National Level Coordination ......................................................................................................... 1-4 

State and County Level Coordination ........................................................................................... 1-5 

Non-governmental Organizations ................................................................................................. 1-5 

Cooperative Weed Management Areas ......................................................................................... 1-5
 

Consultation ............................................................................................................................................ 1-5 

Public Involvement and Analysis of Issues ............................................................................................ 1-6 

Public Scoping Meetings ............................................................................................................... 1-6 

Scoping Issues and Concerns ........................................................................................................ 1-7 

Development of the Alternatives ................................................................................................... 1-7 

Issues Not Addressed in the PEIS ................................................................................................. 1-7 

Public Review and Comment on the Draft Programmatic EIS .................................................... 1-7 

Limitations of this PEIS .......................................................................................................................... 1-8 

Preview of the Remainder of the PEIS ................................................................................................... 1-9 

Chapter 2. Alternatives .................................................................................................................................................2-1 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 2-1 

Alternative B – Allow for Use of Three New Herbicides in 17 Western States (Preferred 

Alternative D – No Use of New Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Active Ingredients (No 

Herbicide Active Ingredients Evaluated Under the Proposed Alternatives .......................................... 2-1 

Aminopyralid ................................................................................................................................. 2-1 

Fluroxypyr ...................................................................................................................................... 2-2 

Rimsulfuron ................................................................................................................................... 2-2 

Herbicide Formulations Used by the BLM and Tank Mixes ....................................................... 2-2 

Description of the Alternatives ............................................................................................................... 2-2 

Alternative A – Continue Present Herbicide Use (No Action Alternative) ................................. 2-3 

Alternative) .................................................................................................................................... 2-4 

Alternative C – No Aerial Application of New Herbicides .......................................................... 2-4 

Rimsulfuron) .................................................................................................................................. 2-7 

Alternatives Considered but Not Analyzed Further ............................................................................... 2-7 

Herbicide Treatment Standard Operating Procedures and Guidelines .................................................. 2-7 

Monitoring .............................................................................................................................................. 2-9 

Coordination and Education ................................................................................................................... 2-9 

Mitigation................................................................................................................................................ 2-9 

Summary of Impacts by Alternative .................................................................................................... 2-10 

Chapter 3. Affected Environment ...............................................................................................................................3-1 

Introduction and Study Area................................................................................................................... 3-1 

Land Use and Ecoregions ....................................................................................................................... 3-1 

Land Use ........................................................................................................................................ 3-1 

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Ecoregions...................................................................................................................................... 3-1 

Climate .................................................................................................................................................... 3-2 

Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................... 3-2 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change ......................................................................... 3-2 

Class I Areas and Visibility Protection ......................................................................................... 3-6 

Herbicide Drift ............................................................................................................................... 3-6 

Topography, Geology, Minerals, Oil, and Gas ...................................................................................... 3-6 

Soil Resources ......................................................................................................................................... 3-6 

Biological Soil Crusts .................................................................................................................... 3-7 

Micro and Macroorganisms........................................................................................................... 3-7 

Soil Erosion .................................................................................................................................... 3-7 

Soil Disturbance ............................................................................................................................. 3-8 

Water Resources and Quality ................................................................................................................. 3-8 

Water Resources ............................................................................................................................ 3-8 

Water Quality................................................................................................................................. 3-9 

Wetland and Riparian Areas ................................................................................................................. 3-10 

Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................. 3-11 

Vegetation Classification System................................................................................................ 3-12 

Noxious Weeds and other Invasive Vegetation .......................................................................... 3-17 

Vegetation Condition and Fire Regimes ..................................................................................... 3-17 

Non-timber and Special Forest Products ..................................................................................... 3-19 

Special Status Species .................................................................................................................. 3-19 

Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms ...................................................................................................... 3-20 

Special Status Species .................................................................................................................. 3-20 

Wildlife Resources ................................................................................................................................ 3-20 

Special Status Species .................................................................................................................. 3-21 

Livestock ............................................................................................................................................... 3-21 

Wild Horses and Burros ........................................................................................................................ 3-22 

Paleontological and Cultural Resources............................................................................................... 3-22 

Paleontological Resources ........................................................................................................... 3-22 

Cultural Resources ....................................................................................................................... 3-22 

American Indian and Alaska Native Cultural Resources ........................................................... 3-23 

European Settlement Resources .................................................................................................. 3-25 

Important Plant Uses and Species Used by American Indians and Alaska Natives .................. 3-25 

Visual Resources ................................................................................................................................... 3-25 

Wilderness and Other Special Areas .................................................................................................... 3-26 

Recreation.............................................................................................................................................. 3-28 

Rights-of-way, Facilities, and Roads .................................................................................................... 3-29 

Rights-of-way ............................................................................................................................... 3-29 

Facilities and Roads ..................................................................................................................... 3-29 

Social and Economic Values ................................................................................................................ 3-29 

Social/Demographic Environment .............................................................................................. 3-29 

Economic Environment ............................................................................................................... 3-31 

Environmental Justice.................................................................................................................. 3-32 

Revenues Generated by BLM Lands .......................................................................................... 3-33
 

Expenditures by the BLM............................................................................................................ 3-35 

Human Health and Safety..................................................................................................................... 3-37 

Background Health Risks ............................................................................................................ 3-37 

Risks from Diseases ..................................................................................................................... 3-39 

Risks from Injuries ....................................................................................................................... 3-40 

Risks from Cancer ........................................................................................................................ 3-41 

Risks from Using Herbicides on Public Lands ........................................................................... 3-41 

Risks from Wildfire Control on Public Lands ............................................................................ 3-41 

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Chapter 4. Environmental Consequences
 

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4-1 

How the Effects of the Alternatives Were Estimated 

Factors that Influence the Fate, Transport, and Persistence of Herbicides in Wetland and 

............................................................................ 4-1 

Assumptions for Analysis.............................................................................................................. 4-2 

Incomplete and Unavailable Information ...................................................................................... 4-3 

Subsequent Analysis before Projects ............................................................................................ 4-3 

Program Goals by Ecoregion ........................................................................................................ 4-4 

Land Use ................................................................................................................................................. 4-4 

Air Quality and Climate.......................................................................................................................... 4-5 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment............................................ 4-5 

Emission Sources and Impact Assessment Methodology ............................................................ 4-5 

Methodology for Assessing Impacts to Air Quality ..................................................................... 4-5 

Standard Operating Procedures ..................................................................................................... 4-6 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................... 4-7 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-10 

Soil Resources ....................................................................................................................................... 4-10 

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 4-10 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-10 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-10 

Factors that Influence the Fate, Transport, and Persistence of Herbicides in Soil ..................... 4-10 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-11 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-13 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-14 

Water Resources and Quality ............................................................................................................... 4-14 

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 4-14 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-14 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-14 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-15 

Impacts by Herbicide ................................................................................................................... 4-17 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-19 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-20 

Wetland and Riparian Areas ................................................................................................................. 4-21 

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 4-21 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment.......................................... 4-21 

Riparian Areas ............................................................................................................................. 4-21 

Methodology for Assessing Impacts to Wetland and Riparian Areas ........................................ 4-21 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-22 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-24 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-25 

Vegetation ............................................................................................................................................. 4-25 

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 4-25 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment.......................................... 4-25 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-25 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-26 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-27 

Impacts by Ecoregion .................................................................................................................. 4-33 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-33 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-38 

Special Status Plant Species ................................................................................................................. 4-38 

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 4-38 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-38 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-38 

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Impacts from Use of the Three New Herbicides ......................................................................... 4-39 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-41 

Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms ...................................................................................................... 4-41 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-41 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-41 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-41 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-42 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-44 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-47 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-48 

Special Status Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms .............................................................................. 4-48 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-48 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-49 

Summary of Herbicide Effects to Special Status Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates ..................... 4-49 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-50 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-51 

Wildlife Resources ................................................................................................................................ 4-51 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-51 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-52 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-52 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-53 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-54 

Impacts of Herbicide Treatments on Wildlife and Habitat by Ecoregion .................................. 4-57 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-59 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-60 

Special Status Wildlife Species ............................................................................................................ 4-60 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-60 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-61 

Summary of Herbicide Effects to Special Status Wildlife Species ............................................ 4-61 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-61 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-63 

Livestock ............................................................................................................................................... 4-64 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-64 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-64 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-64 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-64 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-65 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-67 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-68 

Wild Horses and Burros ........................................................................................................................ 4-68 

Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-68 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-68 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-68 

Impacts Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 4-68 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-68 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-69 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-71 

Paleontological and Cultural Resources............................................................................................... 4-71 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-71 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-71 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-72 

Herbicide Impacts on Native American Health .......................................................................... 4-73 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-74 

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Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-75 

Visual Resources ................................................................................................................................... 4-75 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment .......................................... 4-75 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-75 

BLM Assessment of Visual Resource Values ............................................................................ 4-76 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-76 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-76 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-77 

Wilderness and Other Special Areas .................................................................................................... 4-77 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Addressed in the Assessment ......................................... 4-78 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-78 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-78 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-79 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-80 

Recreation ............................................................................................................................................. 4-80 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment.......................................... 4-80 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-80 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-80 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-81 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-82 

Social and Economic Values ................................................................................................................ 4-82 

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 4-82 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment.......................................... 4-82 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-82 

Impact Assessment Assumptions ................................................................................................ 4-83 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts ................................................................................................... 4-83 

Impacts by Alternative ................................................................................................................. 4-84 

Mitigation for Herbicide Treatment Impacts .............................................................................. 4-87 

Human Health and Safety..................................................................................................................... 4-87 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in the Assessment.......................................... 4-87 

Standard Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 4-87 

Human Health Risk Assessment Methodology .......................................................................... 4-88 

Uncertainty in the Risk Assessment Process .............................................................................. 4-89 

Human Health Risks Associated with Herbicides ...................................................................... 4-89 

Impacts by Alternative ............................................................................................................... 4-102 

Mitigation................................................................................................................................... 4-103 

Cumulative Effects Analysis .............................................................................................................. 4-103 

Resource Protection Measures and Other Information Considered in the Cumulative Effects 

Relationship between the Local Short-term Uses and Maintenance and Enhancement of 

Structure of the Cumulative Effects Analysis ........................................................................... 4-104 

Analysis...................................................................................................................................... 4-104 

Analysis of Cumulative Effects by Resources .......................................................................... 4-105 

Unavoidable Adverse Effects .................................................................................................... 4-115 

Long-term Productivity ............................................................................................................. 4-117 

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources......................................................... 4-121 

Energy Requirements and Conservation Potential ................................................................... 4-123 

Natural or Depletable Resource Requirements and Conservation ........................................... 4-123 

Chapter 5. Consultation and Coordination ................................................................................................................5-1 

Preview of this Section ........................................................................................................................... 5-1 

Public Involvement ................................................................................................................................. 5-1 

Federal Register Notices and Newspaper Advertisements ........................................................... 5-1 

Scoping Meetings .......................................................................................................................... 5-1 

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Frequently Asked Questions.......................................................................................................... 5-1 

Public Review and Comment on the Draft Programmatic EIS .................................................... 5-1 

Agency Coordination and Consultation ................................................................................................. 5-2 

Endangered Species Act Section 7 Consultation .......................................................................... 5-2 

Risk Assessment Coordination...................................................................................................... 5-2 

Cultural and Historic Resource Consultation ................................................................................ 5-2 

Government-to-government Consultation .............................................................................................. 5-2 

List of Preparers of the Programmatic EIS and BA ............................................................................... 5-3 

Chapter 6. Response to Comments ............................................................................................................................. 6-1 

Summary of Comments on the Draft Programmatic EIS ...................................................................... 6-1 

Commenting Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals ........................................................................ 6-1 

Specific Comments and Responses ........................................................................................................ 6-1 

Responses to Comments ................................................................................................................ 6-4 

Chapter 7. References .................................................................................................................................................. 7-1 

Chapter 8. Glossary ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-1 

Chapter 9. Index............................................................................................................................................................ 9-1 

List of Appendices 

Appendix A Common and Scientific Names of Plants and Animals Given in the Programmatic EIS.................... A-1
 

Appendix B Tribal and Agency Consultation ............................................................................................................. B-1 

Appendix C Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) § 810 Analysis of Subsistence 

Impacts .................................................................................................................................................... C-1 

Appendix D Description of Vegetation Macrogroups ............................................................................................... D-1
 

Appendix E Special Status Species List ..................................................................................................................... E-1
 

List of Tables 

1-1 Key Issues (and Number of Comments) Identified During Scoping and Location Where Issues Are 

Addressed in this PEIS ...................................................................................................................................... 1-8 

2-1 Formulations of the Three Herbicides Proposed for Use on Public Lands ...................................................... 2-3 

2-2 Herbicides Approved and Proposed for Use on Public Lands ......................................................................... 2-5 

2-3 Average Acreage Treated Annually for Each BLM State Jurisdiction During 2006 to 2012 ......................... 2-7 

2-4 Historic Use of Herbicides by the BLM and Projected Future Use of Herbicides by the BLM Under 

Each Alternative (as a percentage of all acres treated using herbicides) ......................................................... 2-8 

2-5 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................................ 2-10 

2-6 Summary and Comparison of Effects on Resources by Alternative .............................................................. 2-11 

3-1 Acres of Public Lands in 17 Western States and Percent of the State Administered by the BLM ................. 3-1 

3-2 National Ambient Air Quality Impact Significance Criteria ............................................................................ 3-3 

3-3 Counties Within the Treatment Area that are Designated Nonattainment or Maintenance Areas for 

Various Pollutants .............................................................................................................................................. 3-4 

3-4 Vegetation Classification System.................................................................................................................... 3-13 

3-5 Estimated Acres of Invasive Plant Infestations on Public Lands in 2014 ...................................................... 3-18 

3-6 Grazing Permits and Leases in Force and Active Animal Unit Months in 2011 ........................................... 3-22 

3-7 Wild Horses and Burros on Public Lands in Fiscal Year 2013 ...................................................................... 3-23 

3-8 Cultural Resources on Public Lands ............................................................................................................... 3-23 

3-9 Culture Areas, Prehistoric Occupation Periods, and Selected Common Site Types ..................................... 3-24 

3-10 Visual Resource Management Classes and Objectives and Appropriate Management Activities ............... 3-26 

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3-11 National Landscape Conservation System and Other Special Designation Areas on Public Lands as 

of September 2011 ........................................................................................................................................... 3-27 

3-12 Estimated Recreation Use of Public Lands During Fiscal Year 2011 ........................................................... 3-28 

3-13 Population, Age Distribution, and Race in the Western States and Alaska................................................... 3-30 

3-14 Percent Unemployment for the Western U.S. and Alaska ............................................................................. 3-31 

3-15 Percent Employment by Industry in 2011 ...................................................................................................... 3-32 

3-16 Percent of People Below the Poverty Level for the Western U.S. and Alaska .............................................. 3-33 

3-17 Revenues Generated from Public Lands by Source for Fiscal Year 2011..................................................... 3-34 

3-18 Estimated Benefits to Local Economies by Recreation on Public Lands in Fiscal Year 2011 ..................... 3-35 

3-19 Summary of BLM Jobs and Expenditures for the Management of the Lands and Resources Program
 

by Activity and Subactivity (dollars in thousands) ......................................................................................... 3-36 

3-20 BLM and USDOI Fire Suppression Expenditures Fiscal Year 2007 through Fiscal Year 2013 .................. 3-36 

3-21 USDOI Unwanted Wildland Fires During 2006 to 2012 ............................................................................... 3-36 

3-22 Herbicide Uses and Costs for Vegetation Treatments on Public Lands During 2011 .................................. 3-38 

3-23 BLM Payments to States and Local Governments During Fiscal Year 2011 ............................................... 3-39 

3-24 Mortality Rates (per 100,000 Population) and Causes of Death by State 2010 ............................................ 3-40 

4-1 Annual Emissions Summary for Herbicide Treatments Under All Alternatives .............................................4-6 

4-2 Example NAAQS Compliance Analysis for Herbicide Treatments Under All Alternatives ..........................4-8 

4-3 Estimated Soil Half-life (Aerobic Conditions) and Adsorption Affinity for Active Ingredients .................. 4-11 

4-4 Factors Associated with Herbicide Movement to Groundwater .................................................................... 4-16 

4-5 Herbicide Physical Properties and Off-site Movement Potential ................................................................... 4-17 

4-6 Anaerobic Half-life in Soil for Herbicides Analyzed in this PEIS ................................................................ 4-21 

4-7 Risk Categories Used to Describe Typical Herbicide Effects to Vegetation According to Exposure 

Scenario and Ecological Receptor Group ....................................................................................................... 4-29 

4-8 Buffer Distances to Minimize Risk to Non-target Vegetation from Off-site Drift ....................................... 4-30
 

4-9 Projected Herbicide Treatments, as a Percent of Total Acres Treated, in Each Ecoregion for
 

Each Vegetation Macrogroup Under All Alternatives ................................................................................... 4-34 

4-10 Risk Categories Used to Describe Herbicide Effects on Non Special Status Fish and Aquatic 

Invertebrates According to Exposure Scenario .............................................................................................. 4-45 

4-11 Risk Categories Used to Describe Herbicide Effects on Special Status Fish and Aquatic 

Invertebrates According to Exposure Scenario .............................................................................................. 4-50 

4-12 Risk Categories Used to Describe Herbicide Effects on Non Special Status Wildlife According to 

Exposure Scenario ........................................................................................................................................... 4-55 

4-13 Risk Categories Used to Describe Herbicide Effects on Special Status Wildlife According to 

Exposure Scenario ........................................................................................................................................... 4-62 

4-14 Herbicide Risk Categories by Aggregate Risk Index for Occupational Receptors ....................................... 4-91 

4-15 Herbicide Risk Categories by Aggregate Risk Index for Public Receptors .................................................. 4-92 

4-16 Aminopyralid Aggregate Risk Indices – Occupational Scenarios ................................................................. 4-93 

4-17 Aminopyralid Aggregate Risk Indices, Routine Exposure Scenarios for Public Receptors, 

 Short-term Exposure........................................................................................................................................ 4-94 

4-18 Aminopyralid Aggregate Risk Indices for Accidental Exposure Scenarios for Public Receptors 

Based on Maximum Application Rates .......................................................................................................... 4-95 

4-19 Fluroxypyr Aggregate Risk Indices – Occupational Scenarios ..................................................................... 4-96 

4-20 Fluroxypyr Aggregate Risk Indices, Routine Exposure Scenarios for Public Receptors, 

 Short-term Exposure........................................................................................................................................ 4-97 

4-21 Fluroxypyr Aggregate Risk Indices for Accidental Exposure Scenarios for Public Receptors 

Based on Maximum Application Rates .......................................................................................................... 4-98 

4-22 Rimsulfuron Aggregate Risk Indices – Occupational Scenarios ................................................................... 4-99 

4-23 Rimsulfuron Aggregate Risk Indices, Routine Exposure Scenarios for Public Receptors, 

 Short-term Exposure...................................................................................................................................... 4-100 

4-24 Rimsulfuron Aggregate Risk Indices for Accidental Exposure Scenarios for Public Receptors 

Based on Maximum Application Rates ........................................................................................................ 4-101 

5-1 List of Preparers of the Programmatic EIS/BA .................................................................................................5-3 

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6-1 Comment Response Summary .......................................................................................................................... 6-2 

List of Figures 

2-1 Summary of Acres Treated Using Herbicides During 2006 to 2012 ............................................................... 2-4 

List of Maps 

1-1 Public Lands Administered by the Bureau of Land Management ................................................................. 1-10 

3-1 Ecoregion Divisions ........................................................................................................................................ 3-42 

3-2 Class I Areas .................................................................................................................................................... 3-43 

3-3 Oil and Gas Wells on BLM-administered Lands ........................................................................................... 3-44 

3-4 Soil Orders on Public Lands............................................................................................................................ 3-45 

3-5 Hydrologic Regions ......................................................................................................................................... 3-46 

3-6 Fire Regime Condition Classes on Public Lands ........................................................................................... 3-47 

3-7 National Landscape Conservation System Areas ........................................................................................... 3-48 

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