89. Section 86.101 is revised to read as follows: § 86.101 General applicability. (a) General provisions . This subpart describes test procedures for measuring exhaust, evaporative, and refueling emissions from motor vehicles subject to emission standards under subpart S of this part. This generally incl udes light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and complete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14 ,000 pounds GVWR. The following provisions apply for all testing under this subpart: (1) Provisions of this subpart apply to tests performed by both the Administrator and

manufacturers. (2) References in this subpart to engine fam ilies and emission control systems are deemed to apply to durability groups and test groups as applicable. (3) Except as noted, heavy-duty vehicles are subject to all the same provisions of this subpart that apply to light-duty trucks. (4) The procedures in this subpart apply for testing vehicles powered by any fuel, except as specified in subpart S of this part. (5) All emission control systems designed for production vehicles must be functioning during testing. Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure must be authorized in accordance with §86.1834. (6) Evaporative emission measurement procedures of this subpart include specifications for testing methanol-fueled vehicles. For vehicles fueled with other oxygenated fuels, use goodengineering judgment to apply these procedures. For example, if you are testing an ethanolfueled vehicle, measure and perform diagnostics in your evaporative emission enclosure with ethanol and propane. (7) For exhaust emissions testing with low level ethanol-gasoline blends less than 25% ethanol by volume, if using the NMHC to NMOG conversion factors described in 40 CFR 1066.665(c) instead of measurng oxygenates as described in 40 CFR 1066.665(a), you do not have to follow any of the ethanol-gasoline blend specific test procedure or diagnostic requirements in Part 86. (b) Migration to 40 CFR part 1066 . This subpart transitions to rely on the test procedure specifications in 40 CFR parts 1065 and 1066 as follows: (1) Through model year 2021, manufacturers may use the test procedures specified in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section or, using good engineering judgement, elements of both

. For any EPA testing before model year 2022, EPA will use the manufacturer's selected procedures for determining road load parameters and applying acceptable duty-cycle speed

tolerance criteria. For any other parameters, EPA may conduct testing using either of the specified procedures. As allowed under this part, manufacturers may use carryover data from previous model years to demonstrate compliance with emission standards, without regard to the provisions of this section. (2) Manufacturers must use the following procedures before model year 2022: (i) For vehicles certified to any of the Tier 3 emission standards specified in subpart S of this part, determine overall driver accuracy based on driven cycle energy as described in 40 CFR 1066.430(j). (ii) The equipment specifications and measurement procedures specific to PM emissions from 40 CFR part 1066 apply for any vehicles certified to the Tier 3 PM emission standards specified in subpart S of this part. Deleted: calibrate

Deleted: cycle-verification

Comment [CAL1]: Make sure that subpart S calls out the reporting of this information.

Deleted: verify

Deleted: and report information

Deleted: related(3) For model years 2022 and later, manufacturers must use the test procedures specified in paragraph (d) of this section. (c) Interim procedures . Test vehicles as described in this subpart for the appropriate model year, through model year 2021, as follows: (1) Sections 86.106 through 86.115 set forth general testing specifications and equipment requirements. Sections 86.116 through 86.126 discuss calibration methods and frequency. Sections 86.127 through 86.145 describe procedures for measuring exhaust and evaporative emissions. Sections 86.146 through 86.157 lay out refueling test procedures. Sections 86.158 through 86.166 cover procedures related to the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure and testing related to air conditioning systems. The test procedure for measuring fuel system

leaks is described in 40 CFR 1066.840. (2) Alternate equipment, procedures, and calculation methods may be used if shown to yield equivalent or superior results, and if approved in advance by the Administrator. (d) Long-term procedures . Test vehicles as described in this subpart and in 40 CFR parts 1065

and 1066 as follows: (1) Use fuel for testing and service accumulation as specified in §86.113. (2) For exhaust emission testing, measure emissi ons for all pollutants with an applicable

emission standard. Calculate emission results as described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart G. (3) The test sequence for the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) includes steps to precondition vehicles for evaporative emission measurements; these steps are required for exhaust testing whether or not testing includes evaporative emission measurements. (4) Perform evaporative emission tests as follows: (i) Use evaporative testing equipment meeting the specifications in §86.107. This equipment must meet calibration requirements as specified in §86.117. (ii) Generate fuel test temperature profiles as described in §86.129-94(d). (iii) Follow the general provisions and driving schedules described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart I. Evaporative testing consists of vehicle preconditioning as described in § 86.132, diurnal measurement as described in §86.133, running loss testing as described in §86.134, and hot soak testing as described in §86.138. (iv) Calculate emission results as described in §86.143. (v) Test fuel systems for leaks as described in 40 CFR 1066.840. (5) Keep records as described in §86.142 (6) Perform refueling emission tests, calculate emission results, and keep associated records as described in §86.146 through 86.157.

101. Section 86.117-96 is amended by revising the introductory text and paragraphs (c)(1)(vii) and (c)(1)(ix) to read as follows: § 86.117-96 Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations. The calibration of evaporative em ission enclosures consists of three parts: initial and periodic determination of enclosure background emi ssions (hydrocarbons and methanol); initial determination of enclosure internal volume; and periodic hydrocarbon and methanol retention check and calibration. Ethanol retention checks may be performed instead of methanol retention checks. Alcohol retentions may be omitted if no alcohol -fueled vehicles will be tested in the evaporative enclosure. For evaporative and refueling emi ssions testing with low level ethanolgasoline blends less than 25% ethanol by volume, if using the total hydrocarbon equivalent factor(s) described in 86.1813-17(a)(1)(iv) instead of measuring ethanol, you do not have to Deleted:

,follow any of the ethanol-gasoline blend specific test procedure or diagnostic requirements in

Part 86. Alternate calibration methods may be used if shown to yield equivalent or superior results, and if approved in advance by the Administrator; specifically, more extreme temperatures may be used for determining calibration without affecting the validity of test

results.

* * * * * (c) Hydrocarbon and methanol (organic gas) retention check and calibration. The hydrocarbon and methanol (if the enclosure is used for methanol-fueled vehicles) retention check provides a check upon the calculated volume and also measures the leak rate. The enclosure leak rate shall be determined prior to its introduction into service, following any modifications or repairs to the enclosure that may affect the integrity of the enclosure, and at least monthly thereafter. Using good engineering judgment, the methanol retention only needs to be performed upon initial

installation and afte r major maintenance. If six consecutive monthly retention checks are successfully completed without corrective action, the enclosure leak rate may be determined quarterly thereafter as long as no corrective action is required. (1) * * * (vii) Inject into the enclosure 0.5 to 1.0 grams of pure methanol at a recommended temperature of at least 150 °F (65 °C) and/or 0.5 to 1.0 gr ams of pure propane at lab ambient temperature. The injected quantity may be measured by volume flow or by mass measurement. The method used to measure the quantity of methanol and propane must have an accuracy of ±0.5 percent of the measured value (less accurate methods may be used with the advance approval of the Administrator).

* * * (ix) To verify the enclosure calibration, calculate the mass of propane and the mass of methanol using the measurements taken in paragraphs (c)(1)(vi) and (viii) of this section. See paragraph (d) of this section. This quantity must be within ± 2 percent of that measured in paragraph (c)(1)(vii) of this section for propane and ±5 percent for methanol . Evaluate long-term trends using good engineering judgment to minimize m easurement bias. Keep records to document such evaluations and make them available to EPA upon request.

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120. Subpart C is revised to consist of §§ 86.201 and 86.213 to read as follows: Subpart C—Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures

§ 86.201 General applicability. (a) Vehicles are subject to cold-testing requirement s as described in subpart S of this part and 40 CFR part 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as described in 40 CFR part 1066; see especially 40 CFR 1066.710. See §86.101 for guidelines regarding transitioning to 40 CFR part 1066. (b) Manufacturers may certify vehicles based on data collected according to previously published cold-testing procedures for model years through 2021 . In addition, we may approve the use of previously published cold-testing procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). (c) Section 86.213 describes special provisions related to test fuel specifications. Deleted: (The methanol check can be performed less frequently, provided it is performed at least twice annually.

Deleted: )

Deleted: * * *¶

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Deleted: using carryover data144. Section 86.1801-12 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) through (d) and adding paragraph s (e) and (f) to read as follows: § 86.1801-12 Applicability. (a) Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to certain types of new vehicles as described in this paragraph (a). Where the provisions apply for a type of vehicle, they apply for vehicles powered by any fuel. In some cases, ma nufacturers of heavy-duty engines and vehicles can choose whether to meet the requirements of this subpart or the requirements of subpart A of this part; those provisions are therefore consid ered optional, but only to the extent that manufacturers comply with the other set of requirements. In cases where a provision applies only to a certain vehicle group based on its model year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, or other distinguishing characteristics, the limited app licability is cited in the appropriate section. References in this subpart to 40 CFR part 86 generally apply to Tier 2 and older vehicles, while references to 40 CFR part 1066 generally apply to Tier 3 and newer vehicles; see 40 CFR 86.101 for detailed provisions re lated to this transition. The provisions of this subpart apply to certain vehicles as follows: (1) The provisions of this subpart apply for light-duty vehicles, and light-duty trucks, (2) The provisions of this subpart apply for medium-duty passenger vehicles. The provisions of this subpart also apply for other complete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, except as follows: (i) The provisions of this subpart are optional for diesel-cycle vehicles through model year 2018. (ii) The onboard diagnostic requirements in this subpart do not apply if engines meet the onboard diagnostic requirements specified in §86.007-17. (iii) Greenhouse gas emission standards apply as specified in 40 CFR parts 1036 and 1037 instead of the standards specified in this subpart. (3) The provisions of this subpart generally do not apply to incomplete heavy-duty vehicles or to complete vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR (see subpart A of this part and 40 CFR part 1037). However, this subpart applies to such vehicles in the following cases: (i) Incomplete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR may be optionallycertified to the exhaust emission standards in this subpart that apply for complete heavyduty vehicles. (ii) The evaporative and refueling emission standards apply for incomplete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR starting with model year 2018. Evaporative emission standards also apply for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR as specified in 40 CFR part 1037. (iii) The onboard diagnostic requirements in this subpart do not apply for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR; these requirements apply for incomplete vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR only if the installed engine does not meet the onboard diagnostic requirements specified in §86.007-17. (b) Relationship to subpart A of this part . Unless specified otherwise, if heavy-duty vehicles are not subject to provisions of this subpart or if manufacturers choose not to meet optional provisions of this subpart as described in paragra ph (a) of this section, the engines installed in those vehicles must meet the corresponding requi rements under subpart A of this part. If a vehicle and its installed engine comply with a mix of provisions from this subpart and fromsubpart A of this part, the vehicle must be certi fied under this subpart, and the engine does not need to be certified separately. (c) Clean alternative fuel conversions. The provisions of this subpart also apply to clean alternative fuel conversions as defined in 40 CFR 85.502 of all vehicles described in paragraph (a) of this section. (d) Small volume manufacturers. Special certification procedures are available for small-volume manufacturers as described in §86.1838. (e) You . The term “you” in this subpart refers to manufacturers subject to the emission standards and other requirements of this subpart. (f) Vehicle . The term “vehicle”, when used generically, does not exclude any type of vehicle for which the regulations apply (such as light-duty trucks).

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145. Section 86.1803-01 is amended as follows: a. By removing the definition for “Certification Short Test (CST)”. b. By adding definitions for “Class 2b” and “Class 3” in alphabetical order. c. By revising the definitions for “Family em ission limit (FEL)”, “Heavy-duty vehicle”, and “Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)”. d. By adding definitions for “LEV III” and “Low-altitude conditions” in alphabetical order. e. By removing the definition for “Low altitude conditions”. f. By adding a definition for “Rated power” in alphabetical order. g. By removing the definition for “Round, rounded or rounding”. h. By adding definitions for “Round (rounded, rounding)”, “Section 177 states”, “Tier 3”, and “United States” in alphabetical order. i. By revising the definition for “U.S. sales”. j. By adding definitions for “Volatile liquid fu el” and “We (us, our)” in alphabetical order.

157. Section 86.1811-04 is amended by removing and reserving paragraph (h) and revising paragraphs (j) and (n) to read as follows:§ 86.1811-04 – Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles.

* * * * * (j) Highway NO X exhaust emission standard. The NOx emissions measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test in 40 CFR part 600, s ubpart B, must not be greater than 1.33 times the applicable FTP NOx standard to which the manufacturer certifies the test group. Both the measured emissions and the product of the NOx standard and 1.33 must be rounded to the nearest 0.01 g/mi before being compared.

* * * * * (n) Requirements for vehicles with r echargeable energy storage systems. Manufacturers must test electric vehicles according to the procedur es specified in SAE J1634 (incorporated by reference in § 86.1). Manufacturers must meas ure emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (including plug-in hybr id electric vehicles) as described in 40 CFR 1066 subpart F , except that these procedures do not apply for plug-in hy brid electric vehicles during charge-depleting operation,

* * * * * Deleted: revising

Deleted: according to the procedures specified in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in §86.1)