TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

i

FINAL SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 

FOR THE NE-07 PROJECT 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

SECTION PAGE NO. 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... ES-1 

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................... i 

LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................................... vi 

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... ix 

LIST OF APPENDICES............................................................................................................................... x 

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... xi 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

 1.1 PURPOSE AND NEED...................................................................................................1-6 

 1.1.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ................................................................1-6 

 1.1.2 Columbia Line A-5 Replacement Project ...........................................................1-6 

1.1.3 Empire Connection Project.................................................................................1-7 

 1.1.4 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...............................................................1-7 

 1.1.5 Iroquois Market Access Project..........................................................................1-7 

 1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS STATEMENT ........................................................1-8 

 1.3 PUBLIC REVIEW AND COMMENT............................................................................1-8 

 1.3.1 Identified Issues on the Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ........................1-10 

1.3.2 Identified Issues on the Empire Connection Project.........................................1-12 

 1.3.3 Identified Issues on the Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.......................1-13 

 1.3.4 Identified Issues on the Iroquois MarketAccess Project...................................1-14 

 1.4 NONJURISDICTIONAL FACILITIES ........................................................................1-16 

2.0 PROPOSED ACTION 

 2.1 PROPOSED FACILITIES .............................................................................................2-1 

 2.1.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ................................................................2-1 

 2.1.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................2-12 

 2.1.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................2-15 

 2.1.4 Iroquois Market Access Project........................................................................2-20 

 2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................2-22 

 2.2.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I and Columbia Line A-5 Replacement 

Project.................. .......................................................................................2-22 

 2.2.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................2-23 

 2.2.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................2-24 

 2.2.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.........................................................................2-25 

 2.3 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES..............................................................................2-26 

 2.3.1 Environmental Inspection .................................................................................2-26 

 2.3.2 Pipeline Construction Procedures.....................................................................2-28 

 2.3.2.1 General Overland Pipeline Construction Procedures .......................2-29 

 2.3.2.2 Waterbodies......................................................................................2-34 

 2.3.2.3 Wetlands ..........................................................................................2-37 

 2.3.2.4 Residential Areas..............................................................................2-38 

 2.3.2.5 Roads, Highways, and Railroads......................................................2-39 

 2.3.2.6 Corrosion Protection and Detection Systems ...................................2-39 
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 2.3.2.7 Blasting ..........................................................................................2-40 

 2.3.3 Millennium Pipeline Project Phase I.................................................................2-40 

 2.3.3.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures .......................................2-40 

 2.3.3.2 Special Construction Techniques .....................................................2-40 

 2.3.3.3 Aboveground Facility Construction Procedures...............................2-41 

 2.3.4 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................2-42 

 2.3.4.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures .......................................2-42 

 2.3.4.2 Special Construction Techniques .....................................................2-42 

 2.3.4.3 Aboveground Facility Construction Procedures...............................2-43 

 2.3.5 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................2-43 

 2.3.5.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures .......................................2-43 

 2.3.5.2 Special Construction Techniques .....................................................2-44 

 2.3.5.3 Aboveground Facility Construction Procedures...............................2-45 

 2.3.6 Iroquois Market Access Project........................................................................2-46 

 2.3.6.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures .......................................2-46 

 2.3.6.2 Special Construction Techniques .....................................................2-46 

 2.3.6.3 Aboveground Facility Construction Procedures...............................2-46 

 2.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.........................................................................2-52 

 2.4.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ..............................................................2-53 

 2.4.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................2-54 

 2.4.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................2-54 

 2.4.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.........................................................................2-54 

2.5 FUTURE PLANS AND ABANDONMENT ................................................................2-55 

 2.5.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ..............................................................2-55 

 2.5.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................2-55 

 2.5.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................2-55 

 2.5.4 Iroquois Market Access Project........................................................................2-55 

 2.6 PERMITS, APPROVALS, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS.......................2-55 

 2.6.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ..............................................................2-56 

 2.6.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................2-59 

 2.6.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................2-60 

 2.6.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.........................................................................2-62 

 2.7 COMPLAINT RESOLUTION ......................................................................................2-63 

3.0 ALTERNATIVES 

 3.1 NO ACTION OR POSTPONED ACTION.....................................................................3-1 

 3.1.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ................................................................3-2 

 3.1.1.1 Columbia Line A-5 Replacement Project...........................................3-2 

 3.1.2 Empire Connector Project...................................................................................3-2 

 3.1.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...............................................................3-2 

 3.1.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project...........................................................................3-3 

3.2 PROJECT LOCATION ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................3-3 

3.2.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ................................................................3-3 

3.2.1.1 System Alternatives ...............................................................................3-3 

3.2.1.2 Major Route Alternatives.......................................................................3-4 

3.2.1.3 Route Variations ....................................................................................3-6 

3.2.1.4 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Further Consideration .3-22 

3.2.1.5 Phase I Project Modifications..............................................................3-23 

3.2.1.6 Aboveground Facility Alternatives......................................................3-40 

 3.2.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................3-41 

3.2.2.1 System Alternatives ..............................................................................3-41 
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3.2.2.2 Major Route Alternatives......................................................................3-41 

3.2.2.3 Route Variations ...................................................................................3-47 

 3.2.2.4 Aboveground Facility Alternatives.......................................................3-47 

 3.2.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................3-50 

3.2.3.1 System Alternatives ..............................................................................3-50 

3.2.3.2 Major Route Alternatives......................................................................3-51 

3.2.3.3 Route Variations ...................................................................................3-51 

3.2.3.4 Replacement Alternatives .....................................................................3-51 

3.2.3.5 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Further Consideration ..3-52 

 3.2.3.6 Aboveground Facility Alternatives.......................................................3-52 

3.2.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.........................................................................3-58 

3.2.4.1 System Alternatives ..............................................................................3-58 

 3.2.4.2 Aboveground Facility Alternatives.......................................................3-59 

 

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 

4.1 GEOLOGY........ .............. ..........................................................................................4-1 

 4.1.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I..........................................................4-1

 4.1.1.1 Physiography ......................................................................................4-1 

 4.1.1.2 Mineral Resources..............................................................................4-2 

 4.1.1.3 Geologic Hazards ...............................................................................4-2 

 4.1.1.4 Paleontological Resources..................................................................4-2 

4.1.2 Empire Connector Project...................................................................................4-2 

 4.1.2.1 Physiography ......................................................................................4-2 

 4.1.2.2 Mineral Resources..............................................................................4-3 

 4.1.2.3 Geologic Hazards ...............................................................................4-4 

 4.1.2.4 Paleontological Resources..................................................................4-5 

4.1.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...............................................................4-5 

 4.1.3.1 Physiography ......................................................................................4-5 

 4.1.3.2 Mineral Resources..............................................................................4-7 

 4.1.3.3 Geologic Hazards ...............................................................................4-7 

 4.1.3.4 Paleontological Resources..................................................................4-8 

4.1.4 Iroquois Market Access Project..........................................................................4-8 

 4.1.4.1 Physiography ......................................................................................4-8 

 4.1.4.2 Mineral Resources..............................................................................4-8 

 4.1.4.3 Geologic Hazards ...............................................................................4-9 

 4.1.4.4 Paleontological Resources..................................................................4-9 

 4.2 SOILS ............................................................................................................................4-10 

4.2.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ..............................................................4-12 

 4.2.1.1 Pipeline Facilities .............................................................................4-12 

 4.2.1.2 Aboveground Facilities ....................................................................4-14 

 4.2.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................4-14 

 4.2.2.1 Pipeline Facilities .............................................................................4-14 

 4.2.2.2 Aboveground Facilities ....................................................................4-16 

4.2.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................4-22 

 4.2.3.1 Pipeline Facilities .............................................................................4-22 

 4.2.3.2 Aboveground Facilities ....................................................................4-23 

4.2.4 Iroquois Market Access Project........................................................................4-28 

 4.2.4.1 Aboveground Facilities ....................................................................4-28 

 4.3 WATER RESOURCES .................................................................................................4-29 

 4.3.1 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ............................................................................4-29 

 4.3.1.1 General Construction and Operation Impacts and Mitigation..........4-29 
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 4.3.1.2 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I..............................................4-30 

 4.3.1.3 Columbia Line A-5 Replacement Project.........................................4-35 

 4.3.1.4 Empire Connector Project ................................................................4-38 

 4.3.1.5 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................4-40 

 4.3.1.6 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.........................................................4-46 

 4.3.2 SURFACE WATER RESOURCES..........................................................................4-48 

 4.3.2.1 General Construction and Operation Impacts and Mitigation..........4-49 

 4.3.2.2 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I..............................................4-51 

 4.3.2.3 Empire Connector Project ................................................................4-70 

 4.3.2.4 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................4-76 

 4.3.2.5 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.........................................................4-82 

 4.4 FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES ..............................................................4-84 

 4.4.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ..............................................................4-84 

 4.4.1.1 Fisheries ..........................................................................................4-79 

 4.4.1.2 Wildlife Resources ...........................................................................4-86 

 4.4.2 Empire Connector Project.................................................................................4-88 

 4.4.2.1 Fisheries ..........................................................................................4-88 

 4.4.2.2 Wildlife Resources ...........................................................................4-89 

 4.4.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.............................................................4-93 

 4.4.3.1 Fisheries ..........................................................................................4-93 

 4.4.3.2 Wildlife Resources ...........................................................................4-94 

 4.4.4 Iroquois Market Access Project........................................................................4-95 

 4.4.4.1 Fisheries ..........................................................................................4-95 

 4.4.4.2 Wildlife Resources ...........................................................................4-96 

 4.4.5 General Construction Impacts and Mitigation..................................................4-96 

 4.5 VEGETATION......................................................................................................4-100 

 4.5.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-100 

 4.5.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-107 

 4.5.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-108 

 4.5.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.......................................................................4-112 

 4.5.5 General Construction Impacts and Mitigation................................................4-112 

 4.6 ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES.....................................................4-114 

 4.6.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-114 

 4.6.1.1 Federally-Listed or Proposed Endangered or Threatened Species .4-115 

 4.6.1.2 Other Special Status Species ..........................................................4-119 

 4.6.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-121 

 4.6.2.1 Federally-Listed or Proposed Endangered or Threatened Species .4-121 

 4.6.2.2 Other Special Status Species ..........................................................4-121 

 4.6.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-122 

 4.6.3.1 Federally-Listed or Proposed Endangered or Threatened Species .4-122 

 4.6.3.2 Other Special Status Species ..........................................................4-124 

 4.6.4 Iroquois Market Access Project......................................................................4-126 

 4.6.4.1 Federally-Listed or Proposed Endangered or Threatened Species .4-126 

 4.6.4.2 Other Special Status Species ..........................................................4-127 

 4.7 WETLANDS..........................................................................................................4-131 

 4.7.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-131 

 4.7.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-139 

 4.7.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-141 

 4.7.4 Iroquois Market Access Project......................................................................4-146 

 4.7.5 Construction Impacts and Mitigation..............................................................4-147 
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 4.8 LAND USE, RECREATION, AND VISUAL RESOURCES ....................................4-150 

 4.8.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-150 

 4.8.1.1 Land Use ........................................................................................4-151 

 4.8.1.2 Existing and Planned Residential and Commercial Development .4-155 

4.8.1.3 Recreation and Public Interest Areas..............................................4-157 

4.8.1.4 Visual Resources ............................................................................4-160 

4.8.2 Columbia Line A-5 Replacement Project .......................................................4-161 

4.8.3 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-165 

 4.8.3.1 Land Use ........................................................................................4-165 

 4.8.3.2 Existing and Planned Residential and Commercial Development .4-169 

4.8.3.3 Recreation and Public Interest Areas..............................................4-172 

4.8.3.4 Visual Resources.............................................................................4-174 

 4.8.4 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-175 

 4.8.4.1 Land Use ........................................................................................4-175 

 4.8.4.2 Existing and Planned Residential and Commercial Development .4-179 

4.8.4.3 Recreation and Public Interest Areas..............................................4-181 

4.8.4.4 Visual Resources.............................................................................4-185 

 4.8.5 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.......................................................................4-186 

 4.8.5.1 Land Use ........................................................................................4-186 

 4.8.5.2 Existing and Planned Residential and Commercial Development .4-188 

4.8.5.3 Recreation and Public Interest Areas..............................................4-189 

4.8.5.4 Visual Resources.............................................................................4-193 

4.9 CULTURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................4-197 

 4.9.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-197 

 4.9.1.1 Columbia Line A-5 Replacement Project.......................................4-205 

4.9.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-208 

 4.9.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-210 

 4.9.4 Iroquois Market Access Project......................................................................4-212 

 4.9.5 General Construction and Operation Impacts.................................................4-214 

4.10 SOCIOECONOMICS..................................................................................................4-214 

 4.10.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-214 

 4.10.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-214 

 4.10.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-219 

 4.10.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.......................................................................4-222 

4.11 AIR QUALITY AND NOISE .....................................................................................4-225 

 4.11.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-231 

 4.11.1.1 Air Quality......................................................................................4-231 

 4.11.1.2 Noise...............................................................................................4-231 

 4.11.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-233 

 4.11.2.1 Air Quality......................................................................................4-234 

 4.11.2.2 Noise...............................................................................................4-234 

 4.11.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-236 

 4.11.3.1 Air Quality......................................................................................4-237 

 4.11.3.2 Noise...............................................................................................4-238 

 4.11.4 Iroquois Market Access Project......................................................................4-241 

 4.11.4.1 Air Quality......................................................................................4-241 

 4.11.4.2 Noise...............................................................................................4-242 

 4.11.5 General Construction Impacts and Mitigation................................................4-244 

 4.11.6 General Conformity ........................................................................................4-245 

 4.12 RELIABILITY AND SAFETY...................................................................................4-246 

 4.12.1 Safety Standards ........................................................................................4-249 
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 4.12.2 Pipeline Accident Data ...................................................................................4-252 

 4.12.3 Pipe Design and Safety Measures...................................................................4-253 

 4.12.4 Accidents and Natural Disasters .....................................................................4-254 

 4.12.5 Compressor Station Facilities .........................................................................4-254 

 4.12.6 Security Standards .......................................................................................4-256 

 4.12.7 Frequently Asked Pipeline Safety Questions .................................................4-256 

 4.12.8 Specific Comments Related to Pipeline Safety for NE-07 Project.................4-262 

4.13 PCB CONTAMINATION...........................................................................................4-264 

 4.13.1 Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ............................................................4-264 

 4.13.2 Empire Connector Project...............................................................................4-264 

 4.13.3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project...........................................................4-265 

 4.13.4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project.......................................................................4-265 

4.14 REASONABLY FORESEEABLE FUTURE PROJECTS AND CUMULATIVE 

IMPACT ......................................................................................................................4-265 

5.0 STAFF’S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................5-1 

5.1 SUMMARY OF THE STAFF’S ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE 

PROPOSED ACTION.....................................................................................................5-1 

5.2 FERC STAFF’S RECOMMENDED MITIGATION....................................................5-17 

LIST OF TABLES 

TABLE NUMBER TITLE PAGE

Table 1.3-1 Issues Identified From Comments Received During the Public Scoping Process 

 for the Millennium Phase I / Columbia Line A-5 Projects......................................1-11

Table 1.3-2 Issues Identified From Comments Received During the Public Scoping Process 

 for the Empire Connector Project............................................................................1-12 

Table 1.3-3 Issues Identified From Comments Received During the Public Scoping Process 

 for the Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project........................................................1-13 

Table 1.3-4 Issues Identified From Comments Received During the Public Scoping Process 

 for the Iroquois MarketAccess Project....................................................................1-14 

Table 2.1-1 Components of the NE-07 Project.............................................................................2-2 

Table 2.2-1 Land Requirements for the NE-07 Project ................................................................2-7 

Table 2.6-1a Permits and Approvals for the Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I ...................2-58 

Table 2.6-1b Permits and Approvals for the Columbia Line A-5 Replacement Project................2-59 

Table 2.6-2 Permits and Approvals for the Empire Connector Project ......................................2-60 

Table 2.6-3 Permits and Approvals for the Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project ..................2-61 

Table 2.6-4 Permits and Approvals for the Iroquois MarketAccess Project ..............................2-62 

Table 3.2.1.3-1 Millennium Phase I Route Variation Comparison Summary....................................3-8 

Table 3.2.1.3-2 Comparison of the County Road 84 and Warwick Brook Road Alternative 

to the Proposed Route..............................................................................................3-14 

Table 3.2.1.3-3 Comparison of the State Route 17A/17 Alternative to the Proposed Route ...........3-15 

Table 3.2.1.3-4 Comparison of the Sterling Forest ® State Park /Laurel Ridge Alternative 

 to the Previously Approved Route ..........................................................................3-17 

Table 3.2.1.3-5 Comparison of the Ramapo River HDD variation and the Proposed Route to the 

Approved Route ......................................................................................................3-21 

Table 3.2.1.5-1 Comparison of Variance 005B(CL) to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-24 
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Table 3.2.1.5-2 Comparison of Variance 0029(CL) to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-26 

Table 3.2.1.5-3 Comparison of Variance 025(CL) to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-28 

Table 3.2.1.5-4 Comparison of Variance 160, Part 59(CL/WS) to the Corresponding Area on the 

 Phase I Project.........................................................................................................3-30

Table 3.2.1.5-5 Comparison of Variance 160, Part 91.1 to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-31 

Table 3.2.1.5-6 Comparison of Variance 160, Part 92 to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-32 

Table 3.2.1.5-7 Comparison of Variance 160, Part 93 to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-34 

Table 3.2.1.5-8 Comparison of Variance 160, Part 93.1 to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-35

Table 3.2.1.5-9 Comparison of Variance 081(CL) to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-38 

Table 3.2.1.5-10 Comparison of Variance 126(CL) to the Corresponding Area on the Phase I 

 Project......................................................................................................................3-39 

Table 3.2.2.2-2 Comparison of Route Alternative Segments B and C for the Empire 

 Connector Project....................................................................................................3-44 

Table 3.2.2.2-3 Comparison of Route Alternative Segments EHI, EH, and FI For the Empire 

Connector Project....................................................................................................3-46 

Table 3.2.2.5-1 Comparison Summary of Alternative Site Locations for Empire’s Oakfield 

Compressor Station .................................................................................................3-49 

Table 3.2.3.6-1 Summary Comparison of Site A and Site F for Oxford Compressor Station 

 Location...................................................................................................................3-54 

Table 3.2.4.2-1 Comparison Summary of Alternative Site Locations for Iroquois’ Brookfield 

Compressor Station .................................................................................................3-61 

Table 4.1.1-1 Locations Where Blasting May Be Required Along Millennium Phase I Project ....4-1 

Table 4.1.2-2 Locations Where Blasting May Be Required Along Empire Connector Pipeline.....4-3 

Table 4.2-1 Summary of Soil Series at Oakfield Compressor Station Empire Connector 

 Project......................................................................................................................4-16 

Table 4.2-2 Summary of Soil Associations With High Water Tables Along Pipeline Empire 

Connector Project....................................................................................................4-18 

Table 4.3.1.2-1 Aquifer Areas Crossed by the Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I....................4-32 

Table 4.3.1.2-2 Private Water Supply Wells Within 150 Feet Of the Millennium Pipeline 

 Project – Phase I......................................................................................................4-33 

Table 4.3.1.4-1 Private Supply Wells within 150 Feet of the Empire Connector Project ................4-38 

Table 4.3.1.5-1 Aquifer Areas Crossed by the Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project ...................4-40 

Table 4.3.1.6-1 Aquifer Areas Crossed by the Iroquois MarketAccess Project ...............................4-46 

Table 4.3.2.2-1 Major Waterbody Crossing Techniques - Millennium Pipeline Project - Phase I ..4-53 

Table 4.3.2.2-2 Waterbodies Crossed with Recorded Contaminated Sediments..............................4-65 

Table 4.3.2.2-3 Proposed Hydrostatic Test Water Source and Discharge Locations .......................4-66 

Table 4.3.2.2-4 Summary of Proposed Waterbody Crossing Techniques........................................4-68 

Table 4.4-1 Representative Wildlife Species by Habitat Type That Potentially Occur Along the 

NE-07 Project..........................................................................................................4-99 

Table 4.4-2 Representative Game and Non-Game Fish Species Known to Occur 

 In the NE-07 Project Area.....................................................................................4-100 

Table 4.5-1 Acres Affected by Construction and Operation of the NE-07 Project 

 - Vegetation ...........................................................................................................4-102 
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Table 4.5.1-1 Acres Affected by the Amended Facilities for the Millennium Pipeline Project 

 - Phase I – Vegetation ...........................................................................................4-104 

Table 4.5-2 New York State-Identified Significant Natural Communities ..............................4-106 

Table 4.6-1 Federally-Listed Endangered or Threatened Species That Potentially 

 Occur Along the NE-07 Project and Determinations of Effect .............................4-128 

Table 4.6.-2 State-Listed Threatened or Endangered Species That Potentially 

 Occur in the Vicinity of the NE-07 Project...........................................................4-129 

Table 4.7-1 NYSDEC-Regulated Freshwater Wetlands Affected by Construction and Operation 

of the NE-07 Project..............................................................................................4-133 

Table 4.7-2 Wetlands Affected by Construction and Operation of the NE-07 Project.............4-135 

 by County ..............................................................................................................4-152 

Table 4.8-2 Land Use Acreage Affected by the Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I 

 Proposed Variations ..............................................................................................4-154 

Table 4.8-3 Public Land and Designated Recreation, Scenic, or Other Areas 

 Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I ..................................................................4-158 

Table 4.8-4 Land Use Acreage Affected by the Empire Connector Project by County ...........4-166 

Table 4.8-5 Land Use Affected by Proposed Access Roads for the Empire Connector Project4-168 

Table 4.8-6 Public Land and Designated Recreation, Scenic, or Other Areas 

 Empire Connector Project .....................................................................................4-173 

Table 4.8-7 Land Use Acreage Affected by the Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project.........4-176 

Table 4.8-8 Public Land and Designated Recreation, Scenic, or Other Areas 

 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project .................................................................4-182 

Table 4.8-9 Private Recreational Facilities Located Within 0.25 Mile of Construction ROW 

Algonquin Ramapo Pipeline Replacement............................................................4-184 

Table 4.8-10 Land Use Acreage Affected by the Iroquois MarketAccess Project .....................4-187 

Table 4.9-1 Sites Identified within Project Areas During the Cultural Resource Surveys.......4-200 

Table 4.9-2 Cultural Resources That May be Affected by the Proposed Projects....................4-201 

Table 4.10-1 Existing Socioeconomic Conditions in the Project Area 

 Empire Connector Project .....................................................................................4-216 

Table 4.10-2 Housing and Infrastructure Empire Connector Project .........................................4-217 

Table 4.10-3 Summary of Existing Socioeconomic Conditions in the MarketAccess 

 Project Area...........................................................................................................4-223 

Table 4.11-1 Project Components That Affect Air Quality-Location, AQCR and 

 Attainment Status ..................................................................................................4-227 

Table 4.11-2 Air Quality Regulatory Review Matrix for Project's Compressor Stations...........4-229 

Table 4.11.1-1 Estimated Air Emissions [tpy] and Regulatory Thresholds for NE-07 Project 

 Compressor Stations..............................................................................................4-232 

Table 4.11.1-2 Existing and Estimated Future Noise Levels at Noise Sensitive Areas Near 

 Compressor Stations..............................................................................................4-233 

Table 4.11.2-1 Noise Levels at Noise Sensitive Areas Nearby the Horizontal Directional Drill Sites 

 for the Empire Connector Project..........................................................................4-236 

Table 4.11.3-1 State of New Jersey Noise Control Act - Maximum Allowable Octave Band Sound 

Pressure Level at Receiving Residential Property Line ........................................4-236 

Table 4.11.3-2 State of Connecticut - Summary of Noise Zone Standards...................................4-237 

Table 4.11.3-3 Hanover Township, New Jersey Noise Regulation Maximum Allowable Octave 

Band Sound Pressure Level at Receiving Residential Property............................4-237 

Table 4.11.6-1 Total Construction Emissions For Non-Attainment Air Quality Control Regions 

(AQCR) .................................................................................................................4-248 

Table 4.12.2-1 Natural Gas Service Incidents by Cause ...............................................................4-252 

Table 4.12.2-2 Outside Forces Incidents by Cause (1970-1984)...................................................4-253 

Table 4.12.2-3 External Corrosion by Level of Control (1970-1984)...........................................4-253 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

ix

LIST OF FIGURES 

FIGURE NUMBER TITLE PAGE

Figure 2.1.1-1 Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I Location of Proposed Facilities ...................2-6 

Figure 2.1.2-1 Empire Connector Project Location of Proposed Facilities ....................................2-14 

Figure 2.1.3-1 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project Location of Proposed Facilities ................2-19 

Figure 2.1.4-1 Iroquois MarketAccess Project Location of Proposed Facilities.............................2-21 

Figure 2.3-1 Typical Upland & Pipeline Construction Sequence................................................2-27 

Figure 3.2.1.3-1 Sterling Forest State Park®/Laurel Ridge Alternative............................................3-66 

Figure 3.2.1.3-2 Sterling Forest State Park®/Laurel Ridge Alternative............................................3-67 

Figure 3.2.1.3-3 Ramapo River HDD Variation................................................................................3-68

Figure 3.2.2.2-1 Empire Connector Project Overview of Alternative Routes ...................................3-69 

Figure 3.2.2.2-2 Empire Route Alternatives: A1, A2, and A3 Segments .........................................3-70 

Figure 3.2.2.2-3 Empire Route Alternatives: B and C Segments .....................................................3-71 

Figure 3.2.2.2-4 Empire Route Alternatives: EH, FI, and EHI Segments (6 pages).........................3-72 

Figure 3.2.2.4-1 Empire Connector Project Compressor Station Site Alternatives...........................3-78 

Figure 3.2.3.6-1 Oxford Compressor Station Site Alternatives .........................................................3-79 

Figure 3.2.4.2-1 Iroquois MarketAccess Brookfield Station Site Alternatives..................................3-80 

Figure 4.8.5.4-1 Photograph of Existing Site Conditions at Brookfield Compressor Station Site ..4-267 

Figure 4.8.5.4-2 Conceptual Rendering of Proposed Facilities at Brookfield 

 Compressor Station Site ........................................................................................4-268 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

x

LIST OF APPENDICES 

Appendix Title 

Appendix A Final SEIS Distribution List 

Appendix B Facility Location Maps 

 Appendix B1 Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I 

 USGS Location Maps 

 Aboveground Facility Plot Plans 

 July 2006 Route Variance Log 

 Appendix B2 Empire Connector Project 

 USGS Location Maps Including Wetlands 

 Aboveground Facility Plot Plans 

 Appendix B3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project 

 USGS Location Maps Including Wetlands 

 Aboveground Facility Plot Plans 

 Appendix B4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project 

 USGS Location Maps Including Wetlands 

 Aboveground Facility Plot Plans 

Appendix C Typical ROW Cross Sections 

 Appendix C1 Millennium Typical ROW Cross Sections 

 Appendix C2 Empire Typical ROW Cross Sections 

 Appendix C3 Algonquin Typical ROW Cross Sections 

 (Appendix C4 Iroquois Typical ROW Cross Sections / Not Applicable) 

Appendix D Listing of Access Roads 

Appendix E Waterbody Crossing Tables 

 Appendix F1 Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I 

 Appendix F2 Empire Connector Project 

 Appendix F3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project 

 Appendix F4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project 

Appendix F Final Biological Assessment 

Appendix G Wetland Crossing Tables 

 Appendix H1 Millennium Pipeline Project – Phase I 

 Appendix H2 Empire Connector Project 

 Appendix H3 Algonquin Ramapo Expansion Project 

 Appendix H4 Iroquois MarketAccess Project 

Appendix H Conformity Analysis and Emission Calculations 

Appendix I Comments on the Draft SEIS and Responses 

Appendix J List of Preparers 

Appendix K References 

Appendix L Index 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

xi

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

 

ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 

Algonquin Algonquin Gas Transmission Systems, LLC 

AMP Algonquin milepost 

ANSI American National Standards Institute 

APE area of potential impact 

API American Petroleum Institute 

APU Auxiliary Power Unit 

AQCR Air-Quality Control Regions 

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 

ASTM American Standards for Testing and Materials 

ATWS Additional temporary work space 

AQCR Air-Quality Control Regions 

BA Biological Assessment 

BACT best available control technology 

bcf billion cubic feet 

BO Biological Opinion 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CERCLIS Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability 

Information System 

Certificate Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

cfs cubic feet per second 

CGS Connecticut General Statute 

CL&P Connecticut Light and power Company 

CMP mileposts on the Empire pipeline 

CNVR Connecticut Naugatuck Valley Region 

CO carbon monoxide 

COE United States Corps of Engineers 

Columbia Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation 

Con Edison Consolidated Edison company 

CRP Conservation Reserve Program 

CS compressor station 

CSC Connecticut Siting Council 

CSP Conservation Security Program 

CTDEP Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 

CTDOT Connecticut Department of Transportation 

CTSHPO Connecticut State Historic Preservation Office 

CWA construction work area 

CZMP Coastal Management program 

dB decibels 

dBA standard A weighting curve for sound levels 

DOT United States Department of Transportation 

DSEIS draft supplemental environmental impact statement 

Dth/d dekatherms per day 

EA Environmental assessment 

E&SCP Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan 

ECS Environmental Construction Standards 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

xii

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

EDR Environmental Data Resources 

EF emission factors 

EIs Environmental Inspectors 

EM&CP Environmental Management and Construction Plan 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

ESA Endangered Species Act 

ESCAMP Erosion and Sedimentation Control and Agricultural Mitigation Plan 

FBE fusion-bond epoxy 

FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement 

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

FGM Fluvial geomorphology 

Fortuna Fortuna Gas Inc. 

Friends The Friends of the Outlet 

FSEIS Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement 

FWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service 

GJ/h Gigajoules per hour 

gpm Gallons per minute 

GPZW Ground Water Protection Zones and Wells 

HAP hazardous air pollutants 

HCAs high consequence areas 

HDD horizontal directional drill 

hp Horsepower 

HRECs Historical Recognized Environmental Conditions 

HWT high water table 

IGTS Iroquois Gas Transmission System 

International Paper International Paper Research and Development Center Inc. 

IR infrared 

Iroquois Iroquois Gas Transmission System, LP 

ISO International Standards Organization 

KeySpan Key Span Energy Delivery 

kW kilowatt 

LDCs local distribution companies 

LEL Lower Explosive Limit 

Leq equivalent sound level 

Ldn day-night sound level 

LDGT light duty gas truck 

LDGV light duty gas vehicle 

M & R Measuring and regulating 

MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology 

MAOP maximum allowable operating pressure 

Millennium Millennium Pipeline Company, L.P. 

MLV mainline valve 

MMBtu/hr Mega British Thermal Units per Hour 

MOU Memorandum of Understanding 

MPs mileposts 

NAAs non-attainment areas 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

NDE nondestructive examination 

NE-07 Northeast 07 Project 

NEHRP National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

xiii

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 

NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 

NGA Natural Gas Act 

NHPA Natural Historic Preservation Act 

NiMO Niagara Mohawk 

NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection 

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service 

NOx nitrogen oxides 

NOI Notice of Intent 

NPDES National Pollution Discharge Elimination System 

NRCS Natural Resource Conservation Service 

NRHP National Register of Historic Places 

NRI Nationwide Rivers Inventory 

NSA noise sensitive area 

NSPS new source performance standards 

NSR new source review 

NTSB National Transportation and Safety Board 

NWI National Wetlands Inventory 

NYCDEP New York City department of Environmental Protection 

NYNHP New York Natural Heritage Program 

NYPSC New York Public Service Commission 

NYS New York State 

NYSDA&M New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets 

NYSDEC New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 

NYSDOH New York State Department of Health 

NYSDOS New York State Department of State 

NYSEG New York State Electric and Gas 

NYSGS New York State Geological Survey 

NYSHPO New York State Historic Preservation Office 

NYSM New York State Museum 

NYSOPRHP New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation 

O3 Ozone 

O.B. octave band 

OD outer diameter 

OEP Director of the Office of Energy projects 

OTR Ozone Transport Region 

O&R Orange and Rockland Utilities 

PA Programmatic Agreement 

Pb Lead 

PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls 

PEM palustrine emergent marsh wetland 

PFO palustrine forested wetland 

PIPC Palisades Interstate Parks Commission 

Plan Upland Erosion control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan 

PM10 particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter 

PM2.5 particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter 

PNHP Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program 

POD point of delivery 

POW palustrine open water habitats 

ppm parts per million 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

xiv

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

Procedures Wetland and Waterbody Construction and Mitigation Procedures 

PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration 

psi pounds per square inch 

psig pounds per square inch gauge 

PSS scrub-shrub wetlands 

RAB riverine aquatic bed wetland 

RCDA Rockland County Drainage Agency 

RG&E Rochester Gas and Electric 

Rockland County DER Rockland County Division of Environmental Resources 

ROW right of way 

RSPA Research and Special Programs Administration 

RTU Remote Terminal Unit 

RUS riverine unconsolidated shore wetland 

SA Site Assessment 

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System 

SCC stress corrosion cracking 

SEQRA State Environmental Quality Review Act 

SHPO State Historic Preservation Office 

SIP State Implementation Plan 

SMP Milepost on Empire State Pipeline 

S/NHRP State or National Register of Historic Places 

SO2 sulfur dioxide 

SOP Standard Operating Procedure 

SOTA state of the art 

SPCC Plan Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan 

SPDES State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

SPL sound pressure level 

SR state route 

SSURGO Soil Survey Geographic data 

SWCD Soil and Water Conservation District 

SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan 

T Trout 

TDS total dissolved solids 

Tennessee Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company 

TEPPCO Texas Eastern Products Pipeline Company 

THPO Tribal Historic Preservation Office 

TNC The Nature Conservancy 

TOGS Technical and Operational Guidance Series for NYSDEC Division of Water 

tpy tons per year 

TS trout spawning 

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act 

UDSRR Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Act 

USGS United States Geological Survey 

UST underground storage tank 

UV ultraviolet 

VOC volatile organic compound 

WHPA Well Head Protection Area 

WQC Water Quality Certificate