Neogene Marine Mollusks 

of the Pacific Coast of 

North America: An 

Annotated Bibliography, 

1797-1969

By WARREN 0. ADDICOTT

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1362

A compilation of reports for the period 

1797-1969 dealing with marine mollusks 

of Miocene and Pliocene age

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1973
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

ROCERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

V. E. McKelvey, Director

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 72-600313

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.50 (paper cover)
CONTENTS

	Page 

Abstract. ______________________-_-__----_-__----------_----_-____ 1

Introduction.________-__________---__-_-__------_--_---__-_-__-___ 1

Acknowledgments ____-_--_______-----_-------------_--------_---__ 2

Scope and criteria for inclusion....__________________________________ 2

Geographic coverage.______________________________________________ 3

Stratigraphic considerations.__-____-__--_-____-_---__--_-____-__--__ 3

Annotations ________-________-__---_-__-_---------_-_--_-----_____ 4

Style of entries____-___--_-__--__---_--_-___----_---__--_--_-___-__ 5

Indexing. ________________________________________________________ 5

Trends in Neogene molluscan paleontology.__________________________ 5

Bibliography. _____--__-______-___--_-_-____--_----_-_--__-________ 9

Index.___________________________________________________________ 167

ILLUSTRATIONS

Pag*

FIGURE 1. Map showing generalized outlines of some marine Neogene 

depositional basins.____________________________________

2. Graph showing trends in the systematic description and illustration of Neogene mollusks_____._____ __________________

HI

NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS OF THE

PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA:

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

By WARREN O. ADDICOTT

ABSTRACT

Reports dealing with marine mollusks of Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) 

age from the Pacific and Arctic coasts of North America are listed alphabetically by author and year of publication. This compilation covers the period 

1797-1969. Geographic coverage is from the west coast of Central America to, 

and including, Arctic Alaska with comprehensive coverage from the west coast 

of Mexico northward. Each citation is accompanied by a brief annotation indicating the nature of information on Neogene mollusks and is referenced in a 

subject index, generally under two or more headings. Systematic description of 

Neogene mollusks and the utilization of paleontologic data in other geological 

reports have gone through a number of rather closely related cycles during the 

past 125 years. During the 5-year period 1965-69 both kinds of publications 

reached alltime highs.

INTRODUCTION

This bibliography includes reports dealing with marine molluscan 

fossils of Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) age from the Pacific 

coast of North America and the Arctic coast of Alaska published 

prior to 1970. The citations are listed alphabetically by author. Each 

entry is accompanied by a brief annotation intended to indicate the 

nature of information on marine mollusks. There is a subject index 

in which almost all of the reports are listed under a geographic and 

a topical heading; some of the comprehensive reports are indexed 

under as many as eight headings.

Reports containing illustrations of fossils or systematic descriptions of new taxa are indicated by setting the author's names in capital letters; those in which only previously described fossils are illustrated are also indicated by capital letters but are accompanied by 

an asterisk following the year of publication. Lower case type is 

used for all other entries.

Although there are a number of bibliographies that deal with Tertiary stratigraphy and paleontology of individual States, no attempt
2 NEOGENE MARINE MOULUSKS

has been made to bring together reports on Neogene mollusks since 

Dall's (1909c) post-Eocene bibliography for the northwest coast of 

North America. This report differs from these earlier, less comprehensive bibliographies in including annotations and in having a subject index.

This bibliography is intended, in part, to complement two systematic catalogs of Tertiary mollusks of the Pacific Coast States: Keen 

and Bentson's (1944) checklist of Tertiary marine mollusks from 

California and Weaver's (1942) illustrated catalog of Tertiary marine invertebrates from Oregon and Washington. Although these reports are about 30 years old, a significant proportion of the systematic description of Neogene marine mollusks had been accomplished 

by the early 1940's. Both of these reports also contain comprehensive 

bibliographies although Keen and Bentson's (1944) is limited to reports in which Tertiary mollusks are illustrated or are newly described.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people have cooperated and have provided assistance in the 

preparation of this bibliography. The project was initially suggested 

by Dwight W. Taylor, San Diego Museum of Natural History, in 

1966, in connection with a review of the status of knowledge on malacology in western North America. The early stages of assembling 

bibliographic citiations were aided by Helen E. Bailey, formerly research librarian for the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park. Ellen 

J. Moore, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wendell P. Woodring, 

Smithsonian Institution, furnished an unpublished chronological list 

of papers dealing with Tertiary invertebrate paleontology and stratigraphy of the Pacific Coast States through 1960. William Sanders 

and Ann H. Schwabecher, research librarians, U.S. Geological Survey, have provided assistance in securing bibliographic materials. 

Some 40 paleontologists and geologists, actively working Pacific 

coast Tertiary problems, have kindly reviewed lists of their reports 

for accuracy and completeness. Finally, Kose M. Trombley has contributed significantly to the preparation of the report, particularly 

in the preparation of the subject index.

SCOPE AND CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION

It is intended to include all reports, including abstracts, published 

prior to 1970 containing information on Neogene mollusks in this 

bibliography. The minimum criterion for inclusion is that molluscan 

fossils of Miocene or Pliocene age be mentioned in a report. Kecords 

of marine "fossils" in early reports, for example, have been taken to
STRATIGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS O

indicate that marine mollusks may have been found. Most of these 

early records have been supplemented by subsequent faunal documentation but a few still stand as the only indication that marine 

mollusks of late Tertiary age may be present in areas that have as 

yet not received intensive geological study.

Foreign journals and paleontological reports in which molluscan 

taxa from other parts of the Pacific Ocean basin, or other oceans, 

have been compared with Pacific coast Neogene species have not 

been thoroughly searched, nor have trade journals dealing with the 

petroleum industry in California. Unpublished theses are not cited, 

but publications in which they are listed are included.

During the 1920's and 1930's many abstracts of papers presented 

at the Geological Society of America's regional and national meetings were published in the Pan-American Geologist in addition to 

customary publication in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of 

America. Frequently, the abstract appeared first in the Pan-American Geologist, but some abstracts are not identical with the official 

version in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America and 

presumably were not submitted to the Pan-American Geologist for 

publication by the authors. Accordingly, citations to abstracts published in the Pan-American Geologist are not included in the bibliography. There are, however, a few full-length reports appearing in 

the Pan-American Geologist and nowhere else, such as Carson 

(1925a) and Howe (1926), and these are included herein.

GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE

The area covered by the bibliography is from the Pacific coast of 

Central America to and including the Arctic coast of Alaska. Coverage is intended to be comprehensive from the west coast of Mexico 

northward. Many of the reports dealing with Neogene mollusks 

from the Pacific coast of other Central American countries are, however, included.

STRATIGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS

Use of Miocene and Pliocene in this report is with reference to the 

provincial molluscan standard (Weaver and others, 1944) as subsequently modified by Durham (1954).

Because the recognition of European series and epoch boundaries 

along the Pacific coast continues to be controversial, many of the reports dealing with late Oligocene faunas in the sense of Weaver and 

others (1944) and Durham (1954) are included in this report. As 

recognized herein, the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the Pacific
4: NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

coast provincial molluscan chronology is placed at the base of the 

"Vaqueros Stage" of Weaver and others (1944) in California and 

northwestern Baja California and at or near the middle of the 

"Blakeley Stage" of Oregon, Washington, Canada, and southeastern 

Alaska. The "Blakeley" and "Vaqueros" are considered to be in part 

time-equivalent, according to evidence presented by Vanderhoof 

(1942) and Addicott (1967b). This boundary corresponds to the 

boundary between the lower and upper parts of the Zemorrian 

Stage (Kleinpell, 1938) of the provincial benthonic foraminiferal 

standard. It should be noted that the Oligocene-Miocene boundary is 

placed somewhat higher in the provincial microfaunal sequences by 

specialists in Foraminifera usually in the lower part of the overlying Saucesian Stage.

The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary is drawn at the base of the 

Lomita Marl of the Los Angeles basin, California, and correlative 

stratal units in California following Woodring (1952). This boundary is based upon significant faunal extinctions and the modern aspect of what are considered to be early Pleistocene molluscan 

faunas, as explained by Woodring. As in the case of the OligoceneMiocene boundary, there are indications based upon plantktonic foraminiferal correlations that the boundary may not correspond to the 

European sections and should be placed considerably higher in the 

Pacific coast provincial section (W. A. Berggren, Nature, v. 224, no. 

5224, p. 1072-1085,1969).

ANNOTATIONS

All entries are annotated so as to indicate the nature of the data 

on Neogene mollusks. However, in some of the more comprehensive 

reports, it has not been possible to summarize all the significant data 

and conclusions. Although some of the abstracts of papers delivered 

at scientific meetings are later superseded by definitive published reports, many are not. Some reports were published several years after 

the abstract and may not present the same conclusions as the abstract. Moroever, it is sometimes difficult to identify an abstract with 

subsequently published reports by the same author. For these reasons, abstracts included in the bibliography are accompanied by 

annotations.

The use of formational nomenclature in the annotations is in the 

sense of the individual authors and does not imply formal acceptance by the U.S. Geological Survey. Brackets are commonly utilized 

to indicate current formational nomenclature or age assignment.
TRENDS IN NEOCENE MOLLTJSCAN PALEONTOLOGY J3

STYLE OF ENTRIES

Papers in which Neogene mollusks are illustrated or are described 

as new are indicated by setting the author's names in capital letters; 

if the capitalized names are followed by an asterisk (*) the report 

contains illustrations of fossil mollusks but does not contain descriptions of new taxa. The author's names in all other reports are set in 

lowercase type

INDEXING

Where possible, reports have been indexed under two first-order 

terms one geographic, the other topical. The more comprehensive 

reports have as many as eight entries in the subject index. An effort 

has been made to key as many reports as possible to Neogene depositional basins of the Pacific Coast States through the use of third-order geographic index terms. These informally named basins are 

shown in figure 1.

The style of the subject index is patterned after the "Bibliography of North American Geology," with the addition of a few firstand second-order paleontologic terms designed to suit the needs of 

this bibliography. These terms should be self explanatory, with the 

possible exception of "Faunal records." This term is used for reports 

that merely record the occurrence of Miocene or Pliocene mollusks 

or that list only one or two species.

TRENDS IN NEOGENE MOLLUSCAN PALEONTOLOGY

A graph has been prepared to summarize trends in the systematic 

description and illustration of Neogene mollusks from the Pacific 

coast of North America as well as to depict the utilization of data 

on Neogene mollusks in other reports pertaining to this area (fig. 2). 

In this graph, reports in which new species are described or in 

which Neogene mollusks are illustrated are shown by vertical bars; 

reports incorporating information on Neogene mollusks are indicated by a solid line. Abstracts are indicated by a dashed line. The 

tabulation is by 5-year periods starting in 1840 and ending in 1969. 

A similar tabulation of reports illustrating marine Tertiary mollusks from California was presented by Keen and Bentson (1944, fig. 

2) and subsequently commented upon by Keen (1968).

The initial description of Neogene mollusks of the Pacific Coast 

States took place during the late 1840's and the 1850's as a consequence of exploration of the Pacific margin of the United States. 

Much of this work was tied to the railroad surveys in the Pacific 

area. Nearly all of the descriptive paleontologic work during this 

period was done by T. A. Conrad. Additional description of
46 C

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NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS 

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1. Generalized outlines of some marine Neogene depositional basins of the Pacific Coast States.
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150

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TRE'NDS IN NEOGENE MOLLUSCAN PALEONTOLOGY

EXPLANATION

All reports excluding abstracts 

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Systematic and Illustrative reports 

(scale on right)

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FIOUBB 2. Trends in the systematic description and illustration of Neogene 

mollusks of the west coast of North America and in the utilization of data on 

Neogene mollusks in other reports pertaining to this area.

Tertiary mollusks from California was completed by W. M. Gabb for 

the California Geological Survey in the 1860's.

During the last three decades of the 1800's, descriptive paleontologic studies reached a very low ebb, but toward the end of the period, paleontological support of heightened geological exploration of 

the California Coast Eanges and Alaska is evident from an increase 

in the number of reports containing paleontologic data (fig. 2).

A second, more refined phase of descriptive work got underway in 

the early 1900's, when the U.S. Geological Survey became more actively involved in geologic mapping of the Coast Ranges of California and Oregon. The peak in the number of descriptive paleontologic reports during the period 1905-09 reflects, in large part, the 

work of Ralph Arnold in California and, to a lesser extent, work on
g NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Pacific coast and Alaskan Neogene Faunas by W. H. Dall. It was 

during this period and the following decade that invertebrate paleontology became one of the most important disciplines in the geological departments of the University of California, Berkeley, and 

Stanford University (Merriam, 1921). Although the level of paleontologic publication reached a plateau during the 15 years ending in 

1924, possibly reflecting the effects of World War I, many important 

descriptive studies came out during this period. They were, in large 

part, the work of B. L. Clark, W. H. Dall, and C. E. Weaver, in addition to some of dark's students at the University of California, 

Berkeley. Many, if not most, of the reports dealing with Neogene 

mollusks that were issued during this 15-year period can be ascribed, 

as previously indicated, to the training of many invertebrate paleontologists by J. P. Smith at Stanford University and by J. C. Merriam and B. L. Clark at the University of California.

The sharp increase in paleontologic studies, and in the utilization 

of paleontologic data in geological reports, beginning in the mid1920's (fig. 2) was the result of heightened exploration for organic 

fuel resources along the Pacific coast, particularly in central and 

southern California. This period carried through into the mid-1940's 

with a slight decline during the late 1930's. The dip in the period 

1935-39 probably can be ascribed to two factors the economic depression in the United States and the gradual changeover from utilization of larger invertebrate fossils to Foraminifera in age determination and correlation in petroleum exploration. Continuation of 

this trend and the effects of World War II may have been responsible for the decline in publications dealing with Neogene mollusks 

during the late 1940's. A significant number of the systematic reports issued during the period 1930-49 were written by U. S. Grant, 

G D. Hanna, L. G. Hertlein, and W. P. Woodring.

A gradual increase in the rate of publication took place during 

the 1950's, followed by a greatly accelerated effort during the past 

decade, when the numbers of both systematic and of general reports 

reached alltime highs. This dramatic rise during the 10-year period 

ending in 1969 seems to be an index of the increasingly important 

role that molluscan paleontology is playing in deciperhing earth history. In addition to some of the more classical approaches that have 

been significantly refined through recent work, such as systematic 

description of faunas, paleontologic correlation, and biostratigraphy, 

molluscan paleontology is being increasingly employed in deciphering paleoclimatic history, structural evolution of ocean basin margins, and in paleoenvironmental analysis of depositional basins. The 

surprisingly large number of recent reports incorporating data on
BIBLIOGRAPHY 9

molluscan paleontology is also related to the training of molluscan 

specialists at most of the larger universities on the Pacific coast during the past decade.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, B. C., 1932, An ecologic analysis of a Pliocene faunule from southern 

California: Stanford Univ. Micropaleontology Bull., v. 3, no. 4, p. 122-127.

Mollusks, including Pecten Jiealcyi and Area multicostata var. camulosensis, from northwestern Orange County, Calif., are considered to be middle Pliocene.

Addicott, W. O., 1964, A late Pleistocene invertebrate fauna from southwestern 

Oregon: Jour. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 650-GG1.

Elk River Beds of Diller (1902) of late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age 

characterized by very abundant Psephidia are distinguished from overlying 

upper Pleistocene terrace deposits carrying a different molluscan fauna.

Addicott, W. O., 1965a, The enigmatic late Cenozoic gastropod Schizopyga 

califomiana Conrad [abs.]: Am. Malacol. Union Ann. Repts. for 1964, p. 

44.

Nassarius [Schizopyga] califomianus is a small, high-spired species 

characteristic of Pliocene strata in northwestern Santa Clara County. 

Seven late Tertiary and (or) Quaternary nassariids have been confused 

with this species.

ADDICOTT, W. 0., 1965b*, Miocene macrofossils of the southeastern San Joaquin Valley, Calif.: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. C101-C109, 4 

figs.

Twenty-seven early to late Miocene mollusks from the Kern River area, 

northeast of Bakersfleld, are figured. A stratigraphic range chart includes 

several important Miocene mollusks from this area. Twenty-nine middle 

Miocene mollusks from the northern Tejon Hills are listed.

ADDICOTT, W. O., 1965c*, On the identification of Schizopyga caUforniana 

Conrad, a California Pliocene gastropod: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 

4, v. 33, no. 2, p. 47-58, 11 figs.

Two species of Nassarius occur at or near the type locality of N. [Schtsopyga] caUfomianus in the northern part of Santa Clara County, Calif. 

A small, slender species is believed to represent N. caUfomianus. A rotund, low-spired species is N. grammatus.

ADDICOTT, W. O., 1965d, Some western American gastropods of the genua 

Nassarius: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 503-B, 24 p., 3 pis.

Fossil nassariid gastropods from the Pacific coast are figured and classified in three subgenera: Catilon n. subgenus, Demondia n. name, and 

Caesia. Included are keys for recognition of species of each subgenus. Two 

new species are described: N. salinascnxis and N. smooti. A phylogenetic chart for species of Caesia is included.

ADDICOTT, W.O., 1966a*, Late Pleistocene marine paleoecology and zoogeography in central California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 523-C, p. 

C1-C21, 4 pis.
10 NEOGENE MARINE MOI/LU'SKS

A specimen of Macoma brota lipara reworked from the Purisima Formation (Pliocene) into upper Pleistocene terrace deposits at Santa Cruz, 

Calif., is figured.

ADDICOTT, W. O., 1966b, New Tertiary marine mollusks from Oregon and 

Washington: Jour. Paleontology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 635-646, 3 pis.

Nine new gastropods and four pelecypods are described and figured from 

formations of late Oligocene to early Pliocene age. A correlation chart of 

Neogene formations of coastal Oregon [Newport embayment] and southwestern Washington is included.

Addicott, W. O., 1967a, Paleontologic evidence for large post-Early Miocene lateral slip on the San Andreas fault, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America 

Program, 63d Ann. Mtg., Santa Barbara, California, March 22-25, 1967, p. 

17.

A newly reported occurrence of Turritella inezana Conrad near Point 

Arena, Mendocino County, west of the San Andreas fault, in relationship? 

to occurrences of this species on the east side of the fault, suggests a minimum of 120 miles of post-early Miocene right-lateral slip.

Addicott, W. O., 1967b, Zoogeographic evidence for late Tertiary lateral slip on 

the San Andreas fault, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 593-D, 

p. D1-D12.

The distributional pattern of the early Miocene species Turritella inezana is in agreement with earlier postulates of large post-early Miocene 

right-lateral slip along the San Andreas fault. Several other warm-water 

and cool-water mollusks of early and middle Miocene age support this paleogeographic reconstruction. The "Blakeley Stage" of Oregon and Washington and the "Vaqueros Stage" of California are shown to be in part 

time-equivalent.

ADDICOTT, W. O., 1967c* Age of the Skooner Gulch Formation, Mendocino 

County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-C, p. C1-C11, 4 figs.

Three mollusks from near Point Arena, Calif., including Turritella 

inezana forma hoffmani, are figured. Included are a geologic sketch map 

with localities, data on associated benthonic foraminifers, and a marine 

vertebrate. The small molluscan assemblage is suggestive of subtropical 

marine climate at this latitude during the early Miocene.

Addicott, W. O., 1968a, Mid-Tertiary zoogeographic and paleogeographic discontinuities across the San Andreas Fault, California, in Dickinson, W. R., 

and Grantz, Arthur, eds., Proceedings of conference on geologic problems 

of San Andreas Fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., 

v. 11, p. 144-165.

Includes four paleogeographic maps showing distribution of middle Oligocene and early to late Miocene shorelines in central California. Also 

shown are the location and relative size of molluscan faunal assemblages 

for each of these intervals. A correlation chart shows the relationship of 

provincial megafaunal "stages" and microfaunal stages. Faunal correlations tend to support paleogeographic matches across fault suggesting 

large cumulative right-lateral offsets ranging from 190 miles for Oligocene 

strata to about 80 miles for late Miocene strata.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 11

Addicott, W. O., 1968b, Neogene molluscan zoogeography and climatic change 

in the northeastern Pacific Ocean [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, 1968 Ann. 

Mtgs., Program with abstracts, P. 2-3.

A discussion of molluscan zoogeography in the middle latitudes of the 

northeastern Pacific Ocean and inferred climatic changes in the shallowwater, nearshore marine environment indicating a Miocene warming trend.

Addicott, W. O., 1969a, Late Pliocene mollusks from the northeastern Santa 

Cruz Mountains, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, Abstracts with 

Programs for 1969, pt. 3, p. 1.

An assemblage of 39 mollusks occurs in the Merced (?) Formation of 

northern Santa Clara County. A shallow-water depositional environment in 

uppermost part of inner sublittoral zone and water conditions somewhat 

warmer than occur at this latitude today are inferred.

ADDICOTT, W. O., 1969b*, Late Pliocene mollusks from San Francisco Peninsula and their paleogeographic significance: California Acad. Sci. Proc., . 

37, no. 3, p. 57-93, 4 pis.

A faunal assemblage of 39 mollusks occurs in exposures of Pliocene 

sandstone mapped as the Merced (?) Formation in northernmost Santa 

Clara County east of the San Andreas fault. Most of the species are illustrated and discussed in an abridged systematic section. The assemblages 

are indicative of shallow-water, level-bottom depositional site high in the 

inner sublittoral zone. Anadara s.s. and Cancellaria s.s. suggest shallow-water climate somewhat warmer than occurs at this latitude today.

Addicott, W. O., 1969c, Tertiary climatic change, in the marginal Northeastern Pacific Ocean: Science, v. 165, no. 3893, p. 583-586.

Analysis of molluscan genera in Oligocene to Pliocene faunas of the 

eastern North Pacific indicates a middle Oligocene climatic deterioration 

followed by warming that culminated during the middle Miocene. The analysis is based on cumulative percentages of warm-water genera in faunas 

of several Tertiary basins and upon tracing northern limits of certain 

warm-water genera from the Oligocene to the Pliocene.

Addicott, W. O., and Kanno, Saburo, 1969, Current paleontologic investigations 

on Cenozoic marine mollusks of the West Coast of North America: Veliger, v. 12, no. 1, p. 135-139.

A resume of current research and recent publications on fossil marine 

mollusks of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Mailing addresses of molluscan specialists are included.

Addicott, W. O., and Vedder, J. G., 1963, Paleotemperature inferences from late 

Miocene mollusks in the San Luis Obispo-Bakersfield area, California: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 475-C, p. C63-C68.

Mollusks of tropical affinities occurring in upper Miocene strata near 

Bakersfield, Calif., suggest a marine climate warmer than existed in the 

San Luis Obispo area, 100 miles to the west. A late Miocene temperature 

regime analogous to that of the present-day outer coast of southwestern 

Baja California, Mexico, is indicated.
12 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Adegoke, O. S., 1966a, Biostratigraphic subdivision of the marine Neogene formations of the Coalinga region [Fresno County], California [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Program, 1966 Ann. Mtg., San Francisco, Calif., p. 2.

The Miocene and Pliocene marine sequence of the Coalinga region, California, is divided into eight faunizones (A-H) based upon stratigraphic 

occurrences of more than 300 taxa of larger invertebrates, mostly mollusks.

ADEGOKE, O. S., 1966b*, Silicified sand-pipes belonging to Chaceia (?) 

(Pholadidae: Martesiinae) from the late Miocene of California: Veliger, v. 

9, no. 2, p. 233-235, pi. 21.

Upper Miocene silicified sand and mud-filled burrows attributed to Chaceia occur in the Pismo Formation near Huasna, San Luis Obispo County.

ADEGOKE, O. S., 1967a*, Bryozoan-mollusks relationships: Veliger, v. 9, no. 3, 

p. 298-300, pi. 40.

Bryozoan encrusted fragments of a pectinid, Pseudochama exogyra, and 

undetermined gastropods are described from the Santa Margarita Formation.

ADEGOKE, O. S., 1967b*, California late Miocene records of Swiftopecten Hertlein, 1935 (Pelecypoda: Pectinidae) : Veliger, v. 9, no. 3, p. 337-339, pi. 

47.

A late Miocene record of Swiftopecten from the Santa Margarita Formation near Coalinga, Calif., is reported. Twelve other mollusks occurring 

with this pectinid are listed.

ADEGOKE, O. S., 1967c, Earliest Tertiary west American species of Platyodon 

and Penitella: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-22, figs. 

1-26.

Five species of boring pelecypods from the Pacific coast Tertiary are reviewed. New species of Platyodon and Penitella are described from the 

San Ramon Formation of the San Francisco Bay area and a new species 

of Platyodon is described from the upper Miocene San Pablo Group of the 

same area.

Adegoke, O. S., 1967d, Neogene faunal succession of the west-central San Joaquin Valley and its bearing on the Miocene-Pliocene boundary problem 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 115, p. 307.

Presents molluscan evidence suggesting that a faunal break in the upper 

part of his Santa Margarita Formation is of series-epoch magnitude and 

can be taken as the provincial Miocene-Pliocene boundary. Ten mollusks 

are listed from the upper part of the Santa Margarita Formation; four 

from the lower part.

ADEGOKE, O.S., 1967e*, New and oldest re'cords of pelecypod Mya from western North America, south of Alaska: Nautilus, v. 80, no. 3, p. 91-95, figs. 

1-3.

Miocene assemblages from localities on Reef Ridge and on Coalinga Anticiline in the San Joaquin basin, California, are listed; Mya fujlei MacNeil 

is figured.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 13

ADEGOKE, O. S., 1969, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the marine Neogene 

formatons of the Coalinga region, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. 

Sci., v. 80, 241 p., 13 pis.

A comprehensive biostratigraphic treatment of Miocene and Pliocene 

faunas of the Coalinga and Reef Ridge areas of the San Joaquin basin. 

Faunal assemblages are arranged into eight faunizones and 16 zonules. 

Many of the mollusks are figured, 16 new molluscan taxa are named and 

described. Most of the formations were deposited in depths of between 10 

and 100 fathoms. The invertebrate faunas indicate a gradual and continuous cooling from tropical conditions during the middle Miocene to temperate conditions during the late Pliocene. Fossil localities are shown on geologic maps.

Aguilera, J. G., 1907, Apergu sur la geologie du Mexique pour servir 

d'explication a la carte geologique de 1'Amerique du nord: Congres G4ol. 

International (10), Compte Rendu (Mexico, 1906), p. 227-252.

Upper Miocene strata at Boleo and at Santa Rosalia, Baja California, 

contain a molluscan fauna that is correlative with the fauna of the Carrizo Creek Beds in southeastern California; five species from these beds 

are listed. Marine Pliocene strata occur near Tijuana and on Cedros Island, Baja California; three pectinids from Cedros Island are listed.

Alien C. R., 1957, San Andreas fault zone in San Gorgonio Pass, southern California : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 68, no. 3, p. 315-350.

The Imperial Formation (Pliocene) near Painted Hill includes fossiliferous coquinalike beds.

Alien, J. E., 1946, Geology of the San Juan Bautista quadrangle, California: 

California Div. Mines Bull. 133, p. 9-75.

Lists two mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation and one from the Purisima Formation. Refers to work by A. M. Keen on collections made by 

the author, and earlier investigators, from the Purisima Formation that 

number more than 80 taxa. The list is contained in the author's Ph. D. 

dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley.

ALLEN, J. E., and BALDWIN, E. M., 1944*, Geology and coal resources of the 

Coos Bay quadrangle, Oregon: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries Bull. 27,160 p., 31 pis.

Illustrate exposures of fossil conglomerate in Empire formation including photography of a chain of Cr&pidula. Stratigraphic work on the Pliocene Empire and Port Orford Formations is reviewed.

Alien, J. E., Kinsley, Elinor, Quasdorf, Hazel, and Treasher, R. C., 1947, 

Bibliography of the geology and mineral resources of Oregon (supplement) , July 1, 1936, to December 31, 1945: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries Bull. 33,108 p.

A useful, well-indexed compilation including several reports on Neogene 

mollusks.

Allison, E. C., 1964, Geology of areas bordering Gulf of California, in. van 

Andel, R. H., and Shor, G. G., Jr., eds., Marine geology of the Gulf of California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Mem. 3, p. 3-29. 

468-965 72 2
14 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Includes a review of Neogene paleontology and stratigraphy of Baja 

California, the Peninsular Ranges, and the Transverse Ranges. The Imperial 

Formation of southeastern California is most nearly comparable with the 

San Diego Formation of southwestern California coast; its age may be early 

Pleistocene. Ostrea-Anomia assemblages of the Palm Springs Formation of 

southeastern California are considered middle Pleistocene on basis of 

associated mammals.

Allison, E. C., 1965, Post-Miocene faunas of northwestern Baja California and 

adjacent Alta California [abs.] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 

49, no. 7, p. 1078.

Post-Miocene faunas [molluscan?] occur on the lowest two or three terraces of northern Baja California at elevations of 200 meters or less. The 

highest (oldest) faunas include species and genera with nonoverlapping 

modern bathymetric and geographic ranges. The faunas from the lowest 

terraces are more compatible with modern assemblages.

Allison, E. C., Durham, J. W., and Zullo, V. A., 1962, Cold-water Late Cenozoic 

faunas of northern California and Oregon [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. 

Paper 68 [Abstracts for 1961], p. 2.

Late Cenozoic faunas from Moonstone Beach, near Trinidad, Calif, and 

near Cape Blanco, Oreg., numbering approximately 100 and 80 species, 

respectively, are reported. The Moonstone Beach assemblage characterized 

by a Balanus, Mytilus, and Polytropa association is the older of the two.

ALLISON, R.C., 1965*, Apical development in turritellid classification with a 

description of Cristispira pttgetensis gen. et sp. nov.: Palaeontology, v. 8, 

pt. 4, p. 666-680, pi. 92.

Figures a specimen of Turritella temblorensis from the middle Miocene 

Topanga Formation, southern California.

Anderson, C. A., 1950, Geology of islands and neighboring land areas, pt. I in 

1940 E. W. Scripps cruise to the Gulf of California: Geol. Soc. America 

Mem. 43, p. 1-53.

Provides stratigraphic framework for paleontologic report on Miocene 

and Pliocene mollusks of Gulf of California by Durham (1950b) in same 

volume. Included are geologic maps of islands showing fossil localities. A 

few characteristic mollusks are mentioned in stratigraphic descriptions

Anderson, D. N., and Land, P. E., 1969, Cymric oil field, California: California 

Oil Fields, v. 55, no. 1, p. 5-21.

A few "marker fossils", mostly pectinids, for members of the Temblor 

Formation, Monterey Shale, and Etchegoin Formation are listed in a 

composite stratigraphic column.

Anderson, F. M., 1903, Stratigraphy of the southern Coast Ranges of California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 15, p. 581-582.

*** "The sandy beds at the base of the series [Miocene] contain fossil 

invertebrates, among which the characteristic forms are Amuseum, Pecten 

orassicardo, Pecten discus Conrad, Scutella brewerianusl Gabb, Leda sp. 

Cardium, Terebratella (Laqueus), etc. In some districts, as in the vicinity 

of Temblor, Kern County, there is more shale and sandstone below tli« 

beds characterized by these fossils."
BIBLIOGRAPHY 15

ANDERSON, F. M., 1905, A stratigraphic study in the mount Diablo Range of 

California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, no. 2, p. 155-248, 23 

pis.

The initial account of Neogene formations and mollusks of the western 

margin of the San Joaquin basin. Describes and illustrates 23 new species 

of Miocene and Pliocene mollusks from the San Joaquin basin, mostly 

middle Miocene species from the Kern River area. Describes new formations from the southern Diablo Range and Temblor Range; includes several lists of mollusks from these formations. Also lists 15 species of 

middle (?) Miocene mollusks from Carisa Ranch, San Juan River, west of 

the San Andreas fault. Forty-six mollusks are listed from the Kern River 

area including 14 newly described species.

Anderson, F. M., 1908, A further stratigraphic study in the Mount Diablo 

Range of California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, no. 3, p. 

1-40.

Lists mollusks from the Temblor, Coalinga [Santa Margarita], and 

Etchegoin Formations of the Diablo and Temblor Ranges; there is a section on correlation of these strata with other areas in California.

Anderson, F. M., 1911, The Neocene deposits of Kern River, California, and the 

Temblor Basin: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, p. 73-148.

The definitive report on Miocene strata of the Kern River area. Includes 

faunal list of mollusks from his zones A, B, and C. A "Neocene" correlation chart for the Coalinga, San Luis Obispo, Salinas Valley, Santa Cruz, 

and Mount Diablo areas shows some characteristic mollusks. The Vaqueros 

Formation of the outer Coast Range is believed to be a facies of the Temblor Formation of interior areas. Anderson disagrees with J. C. Merriam's 

view that the Vaqueros and Temblor can be differentiated.

Anderson, F. M., 1929, Marine Miocene and related deposits of North Colombia : California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 18, no. 4, p. 73-213, pis. 8-23.

A few Colombian Miocene species are compared with late Tertiary mollusks from California.

Anderson, F. M., 1932, Pioneers in the geology of California, in Shedd, Solon, 

Bibliography of the geology and mineral resources of California to December 31, 1930: California Div. Mines Bull. 104, p. 1-24.

Short bibliographic accounts of several early paleontologists who worked 

on California fossils.

ANDERSON, F. M., and MARTIN, BRUCE, 1914, Neocene record in the Temblor Basin, California, and Neocene deposits of the San Juan district, San 

Luis Obispo County: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, no. 3, p. 

15-112, pis. 1-10.

A general review of Miocene stratigraphy of the central California 

Coast Ranges with description of Miocene strata of the San Juan district 

[northern part of the La Panza Range]. Include lists of Miocene mollusks 

from the San Juan area, Kern River area, and Los Vaqueros Valley. List 

a small assemblage from the Santa Margarita Formation of the San. Juan 

district. New species of Miocene mollusks are described from the .Kern 

River area and the San Juan district, California, and various localities in 

northwestern Oregon and western Washington.
16 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Anderson, Robert, 1911, Preliminary report on the geology and oil prospects of 

the Cantua-Panoche region, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 431, p. 

58-87.

Reports Turritella ocoyana, Pecten propatulus, and Pecten andersoni as 

characteristic of lower Miocene sandstone and shale. Ostrea titan occurs in 

"middle Miocene" deposits overlying the Big Blue Formation.

Anderson, Robert, 1912, Preliminary report on the geology and possible oil 

resources of the south end of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 471, p. 106-136.

Lists six mollusks from exposures of white sand [Santa Margarita 

Formation] at the western edge of Tejon Hills. Included are Ostrea titan 

and Pecten crassicardo.

Anderson, Robert, and Pack, R. W., 1915, Geology and oil resources of the 

west border of the San Joaquin Valley north of Coalinga, California: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 603, 220 p., 14 pis., 5 figs.

Typical Vaqueros [Temblor of later usage] fossils occur in or above 

beds included in the Big Blue Serpintinous Member of the Vaqueros Formation. Turritella ocoyana and Tivela inesana are reported from a measured section of the Vaqueros [Temblor] Formation in the Vallecitos. 

Ostrea titan is reported from undifferentiated Miocene near Tesla [Cierbo 

Formation of later usage]. The Santa Margarita Formation contains abundant mollusks, including oysters, north of Coalinga. Pecten peckhami, 

Nucula, and Dosinia are recorded from undifferentiated Tertiary rocks 

underlying the San Pablo Formation in sec. 7, T. 7 S., R. 8 E.

Anderson, T. I., and Crawford, F. D., 1956, Road log, Huasna Basin, San Luis 

Obispo County, California: Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists 

Ann. Spring Field Trip, 1956, 8 p.

Localities containing Miocene and Pliocene mollusks are noted in the 

road log.

Anonymous, 1924, Informe sobre la exploracion geologica de Baja California, 

por la Marland Oil Company of Mexico: Boletin del Petroleo, v. 17, no. 6, 

p. 417-453; v. 18, no. 1, p. 14-53.

Includes a very brief resume of Tertiary stratigraphy (p. 43) in which 

marine rocks of Miocene and Pliocene age are described. These formations 

are reported to contain abundant, unstudied faunas.

Antisell, Thomas, 1856a, Geological report, in Parke, J. G., Report of explorations for railroad route from San Francisco Bay to Los Angeles, California, west of the Coast Range ***: 33d U.S. Cong., 2d Sess., House Ex. 

Doc. 91, pt. II, 196 p., 14 pis. [Pac. R.R. Repts.]

Lists 10 mollusks from Estrella Valley at Panza [San Luis Obispo 

County] identified by T. A. Conrad. Several collections of Miocene mollusks from the Santa Ynez Mountains are also listed. A few mollusks from 

the Santa Lucia Range are listed.

Antisell, Thomas, 1856b (1857), Geological report, in U.S. War Dept, 

1855-1860, Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most 

practical and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River 

to the Pacific Ocean ***: v. 7, pt. 2, 204 p., 14 pis.

Fossiliferous strata of the southern part of the California Coast Ranges 

can be correlated by similar species of mollusks. Miocene and Pliocene
BIBLIOGRAPHY 17

mollusks occur in many areas along the route of the expedition: Pajaro 

Valley, Salinas Valley, San Antonio Hills, La Panza Range, Santa Margarita Valley, San Luis Obispo, Santa Ynez Mountains, and San Fernando 

Pass. Molluscan species or genera from each area are listed in the text 

Paleontologic description of these mollusks by T. A. Conrad are included.

Arnold, Ralph, 1901, The geology in the vicinity of Stanford University: Stanford Sequoia, v. 10, no. 15, p. 301-304.

A preliminary account of the Mesozoic and Neogene stratigraphy of the 

foothill area near Stanford University. Ostrea titan is recorded from the 

ridge overlooking Stevens Creek and Portola Valley [Vaqueros Formation], Pecten peckhami is recorded from Miocene shales. Fossiliferous 

sandstone of Pliocene age occurs in the vicinity of Felt Lake.

Arnold, Ralph, 1902, Bibliography of the literature referring to the geology of 

Washington: Washington Geol. Survey, v. 1, Ann. Rept. for 1901, pt. VI, p. 

323-338.

The first bibliography of geological reports on Washington includes a 

few reports dealing with Neogene mollusks.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1903*, The paleontology and stratigraphy of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California: California Acad. Sci. 

Mem., v. 3, 419 p., 37 pis. (Reprint Stanford Univ., Contr. Biology, Hopkins Seaside Lab. No. 31, 1903).

This report deals with the systematic paleontology of the prolific Pleistocene molluscan faunas of the San Pedro area. It includes a correlation 

chart of Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of California. There is a 

brief discussion of the San Diego Pliocene. Late Pliocene climate [early 

Pleistocene, for the most part] was cooler than today. Faunal migration 

from Japan to Pacific Coast of North America occurred during the late 

Tertiary; many of the species common to these areas are cited.

Arnold, Ralph, 1904, Faunal relations of the Carrizo Creek beds of California: 

Science, n.s., v. 19, no. 482, p. 503.

The molluscan fauna indicates a Miocene age, shallow water conditions, 

and close relationship to modern fauna of the Gulf of California.

Arnold, Ralph, 1905, Coal in Clallam County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 260, p. 413-421.

Pliocene rocks containing boulders of fossiliferous Miocene rock occur 

from Clallam Bay to the mouth of Hoko River.

Arnold, Ralph, 1906a, Geological reconnaissance of the coast of the Olympic 

Peninsula, Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 17, p. 451-468, 1 map. 

Lists five faunal assemblages from the Clallam Formation, one of which 

is from near Cape Flattery, west of its type section. Also lists 22 mollusks 

from the Quinaielt [Quinault] Formation from the mouth of Quinault 

River. These are correlated with the Purisima Formation of central California and are considered to be of early Pliocene age.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1906b, The Tertiary and Quaternary pectens of California: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 47, 264 p., 53 pis., 2 figs.

Sets up the first Tertiary chronology for California, recognizing Oligocene in California for the first time and establishing three divisions of the 

Miocene and two of the Pliocene. These divisions are typified by Forma-
18 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

tions with designated type localities, characteristic pectinids, complete 

faunal lists with other characteristic rnollusks, and lists of known occurrences throughout the state. [Arnold's usage of formations was in the 

sense of our present stages.] Most descriptions of pectinids include listing 

of associated molluscan assemblages. The report includes an index map 

showing principal occurrences of fossiliferous localities and a range chart 

of the pectinids.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1907a*, Fossils of the oil-bearing formations of southern 

California, in Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, Ralph, The Santa Clara Valley, 

Puente Hills, and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 309, p. 219-255, pis. 25-41.

Includes illustrations of characteristic Miocene and Pliocene mollusks 

from southern California; most, if not all, are from previous publications 

by Arnold.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1907b*, Geology and oil resources of the Summerland district, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 321, p. 

1-93, figs. 1-3, pis. 1-17 (pis. 9-17 are of Tertiary fossils).

Lists three species from the Monterey Formation; includes an illustration of Pecten pecJchami. Many early Pleistocene mollusks from the Santa 

Barbara Formation are illustrated.

Arnold, Ralph, 1907c, The Los Angeles oil district, southern California, in Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, Ralph, The Santa Clara Valley, Puente Hills, 

and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

309, p. 138-218.

Lists two assemblages from the Puente Sandstone, an assemblage from 

the type Topanga Formation of the Santa Monica Mountains, a small 

assemblage from the Fernando Formation of downtown Los Angeles and 

mollusks identified by J. G. Cooper (in Watts, 1897) from four localities 

in the Fernando Formation of downtown Los Angeles. Many of these Miocene and Pliocene mollusks are illustrated in an accompanying paper by 

Arnold.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1907d, New and characteristic species of fossil mollusks 

from the oil-bearing Tertiary formations of Santa Barbara County, California : Smithsonian Inst. Misc. Colln., v. 50, pt. 4, no. 1781, p. 419-447, 

pis. 50-58.

Describes and illustrates three new species from the lower Miocene 

Vaqueros Formation and 10 new species from the Pliocene Fernando Formation. Illustrates many other characteristic mollusks from these formations and lists Vaqueros mollusks from the western part of the Santa 

Ynez Range (20 taxa) and Fernando mollusks from the Santa Maria basin 

(105 taxa).

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1907e, New and characteristic species of fossil mollusks 

from the oil-bearing Tertiary formations of Southern California: U.S. 

Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 32, no. 1545, p. 525-546, pis. 38-51.

Describes and illustrates nine new species from the type area of the 

Topanga Formation of the Santa Monica Mountains listing 25 other species that occur at the same locality; seven new mollusks from the Fernando Formation at Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, are described 

and illustrated and 26 mollusks associated with them are listed; two new
BIBLIOGRAPHY 19

species are described from Pliocene exposures in downtown Los Angeles 

and 15 mollusks associated with them are listed; five mollusks from Pliocene exposures at Ternescal Canyon are also listed.

Arnold, Ralph, 1908a, Description of a new brittle star from the upper Miocene 

of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 34, no. 

1620, p. 403-406, pi. 40.

Records Pecten crassicardo from the upper part of Santa Margarita 

Formation in the Santa Cruz Mountains.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1908b, Descriptions of new Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils 

from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 34, 

no. 1617, p. 345-390, pis. 31-37.

Describes and illustrates five new species from the Miocene Vaqueros 

Formation and lists 32 additional mollusks [lumped early and middle Miocene of later usage] ; two new species from the Monterey Formation and 

12 associated species; lists one species from the Santa Margarita Formation ; three new species and 20 associated species from the "Purisima Formation" [actually middle Miocene] near Stanford University; two new 

mollusks and 35 associated taxa from the lower part of the Purisima Formation; one new species and 54 associated species from the upper part of 

the Purisima; and one new species and 26 associated mollusks from the 

Merced Formation.

Arnold, Ralph, 1909a, Environment of the Tertiary faunas of the Pacific coast 

of United States: Jour. Geology, v. 17, p. 509-533.

A resume of paleogeographic and tectonic history of Tertiary depositional basins from northwest Mexico to Canada with incidental commentary on climatic change. Includes a series of paleogeographic maps of the 

Oligocene, early Miocene, late Miocene and Pliocene; probably the first for 

the Pacific coast. Eocene climate was subtropical to tropical; Oligocene 

transitional. Miocene climate was warm temperate warmer than today at 

the same latitude. Marine climate became sub-boreal during the later part 

of the Pliocene.

ARNOLD, RALPH, 1909b, Paleontology of the Coalinga district, Fresno and1 

Kings Counties, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, 173 p., 30 pis. 

[1910].

Lists 45 mollusks from the Vaqueros [Temblor] Formation including 10 

new taxa; 11 species of mollusks from the Santa Margarita Formation; 47 

species from the Jacalitos Formation including eight new taxa; 89 mollusks from the Etchegoin Formation including 16 new taxa. Three faunal 

zones are recognized in the Vaqueros Formation; three in the JacalitosFormation; and four in the Etchegoin Formation. The Vaqueros is 

assigned to the early Miocene because of faunal similarity to the early 

Miocene of the Atlantic Coast States and relative position in the geologic 

column of Pacific coast. The Etchegoin is assigned to the Miocene on basis 

of Lyellian correlation 65 percent of the species are extinct and also' 

because of relative position in an assumed 25,000-foot Tertiary section 

(7,000-10,000 ft below the top).

ARNOLD, RALPH, and ANDERSON, ROBERT, 1907a*, Geology and oil 

resources of the Santa Maria oil district, Santa Barbara County, California : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 322, 161 p., 26 pis.
20 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

List 21 mollusks from localities in the Vaqueros Formation and more 

than 100 from the Fernando Formation. Many of these are figured.

Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, 1907b, Preliminary report on the Santa 

Maria oil district, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 317, 69 p.

Fossils [mostly mollusks] occur in the Vaqueros Formation, sparingly in 

the Monterey Shale, and at four horizons in the Fernando Formation. The 

lowest horizon in the Fernando is considered to be late Miocene; the other 

three, Pliocene.

Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, 1909, Preliminary report on the Coalinga 

Oil District, Fresno and Kings Counties, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 357, 142 p.

Assemblage zones in Miocene and Pliocene formations are described; 

characteristic mollusks are noted in the text and in descriptions of columnar sections.

ARNOLD, RALPH, and ANDERSON, ROBERT, 1910*, Geology and oil 

. resources of the Coalinga District, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

354 p., 52 pis.

The definitive description of the geology and paleontology of Neogene 

formations of the Coalinga district (Coalinga anticline, Kreyenhagen Hills, 

Reef Ridge, Kettleman Hills, and outlying areas). Biostratigraphic units, 

lists and illustrations of fossils, and locality descriptions were previously 

published by Arnold (1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396).

Arnold, Ralph, and Arnold, Delos, 1902, The marine Pliocene and Pleistocene 

stratigraphy of the coast of southern California: Jour. Geology, v. 10, no. 

2, p. 117-133.

An account of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of the San Pedro area. Molluscan faunas of a few Pliocene and upper Miocene formations are briefly 

reviewed: San Diego Formation, Merced Formation, Santa Barbara Formation, and San Pablo Group. A few mollusks are listed from the San 

Diego Formation.

Arnold, Ralph, and Clark, B. L., 1917, An Apalachicola fauna from Lower California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 28, p. 223-224.

Marine mollusks from near Magdalena Bay collected by Arnold Heim, 

and assigned by him to his Purissima Nueva Formation, are conspecific, in 

part, with mollusks from the Apalachicola fauna of the Caribbean. The 

strata are of Miocene age; five conspeciflc mollusks are listed.

Arnold, Ralph, and Hannibal, Harold, 1913, The marine Tertiary stratigraphy 

of the north Pacific Coast of America: Am. Philos. Soc. Proc., v. 52, no. 

212, p. 559-605.

The first detailed Tertiary chronology for Pacific Northwest States. 

Describes a series of eight Oligocene to Pliocene formations from Oregon 

and Washington listing characteristic faunas from each based on extensive 

collections made by Hannibal. Usage of these is more nearly in a timestratigraphic than a rock-stratigraphic sense. The sequence is comparable 

to that presently recognized with exception that their Sooke and Seattle 

Formations are placed too low in the column. Recognized faunas of Sooke 

and Twin River as being the coolest of the Eocene to Miocene succession,
BIBLIOGRAPHY 21

Lists faunas from the type Monterey and type Merced Formations in California. Divides the type Astoria Formation into the Seattle and Monterey 

Formations.

Arnold, Ralph, and Johnson, H. R., 1910, Preliminary report on the 

McKittrick-Sunset oil region, Kern and San Luis Obispo Counties, California : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 406, 225 p.

List a few mollusks from exposures of the Vaqueros [Temblor] Formation and the Monterey Shale in the Temblor Range.

Ashley, G. H., 1895a, The Neocene stratigraphy of the Santa Cruz Mountains 

of California: California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 273-367 [1896]. 

Reviewed by F. L. Ransome, Am. Geologist, v. 17, p. 331-335 (1896). 

Reprinted in Stanford Univ. Pubs., Geology and Palaeontology, no. 1, p. 

18-367, 1895.

Includes bibliography of earlier paleontologic work in the California 

Coast Ranges. Lists mollusks from his Pescadero sandstones and shales 

(in part early Miocene), Monterey Series, and Merced Series (including 

separate lists for Purisima Formation of later usage from Point Montara 

to Capitola 50 spp.; lower part of the type Merced 30 spp.; uppermost 

part of the type Merced 30 spp.; and a mixture of middle Miocene and 

early Pliocene mollusks from near Stanford University). Also lists Pliocene mollusks from the eastern part of the Ventura basin; early Pleistocene mollusks (105 spp.) from San Pedro. Recognizes the warm aspect of 

the lower part of type Merced and cooler aspect of the upper part.

Ashley, G. H., 1895b, Studies in the Neocene of California: Jour. Geology, v. 3, 

no. 4, p. 434-454.

Lists three spp. from his Pescadero Series (Turritella hoffmanni, Ostrea 

titan, and Lyropecten estrellanus) and four mollusks from his Monterey 

Series. Includes a broad discussion of Pliocene faunas of Santa Cruz 

Mountains, a list of species from the lower part of the Merced, and a discussion of percentages of extinct species.

Atwill, E. R., 1935, Oligocene Tumey formation of California: Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 19, no. 8, p. 1192-1204.

Lists an assemblage of five mollusks of middle Miocene age from the 

Temblor Formation near Tumey Gulch on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley.

Atwill, E. R., 1943, McKittrick Front and Cymric areas of the McKittrick oil 

field [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 507-509.

Reports Mulinia densata from cores of the Etchegoin Formation in columnar section.

Atwood, W. W., 1911, Geology and mineral resources of parts of the Alaska 

Peninsula: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 467,137 p.

Includes discussion of correlation and age determination of fossils from 

the Unga Formation (Unga Island and Popof Island) including Mytilus 

middendorffi. Ball's list of mollusks from the Stepovak Series of Palache 

(1904) [Dall, 1904] is listed, again as Eocene, and included in Atwood's 

Kenai Formation. MacNeil and others (1961) later assigned these strata to 

the Oligocene Acila shumardi zone.
22 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Auger, Irving V., 1920, Resume of oil well operations in Imperial Valley [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 5, no. 10, p. 5-9.

Oysters flourished in the Imperial basin during the Miocene.

Avila, F. A., and Weaver, D. W., 1969, Mid-Tertiary stratigraphy, Santa Rosa 

Island [California], in Weaver, D. W., ed., Geology of the Northern Channel Islands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists and Soc. Bcon. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Spec. Pub., p. 48-67.

List 14 mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation, 35 from the Rincon Formation, and five from the Monterey Formation. The molluscan assemblages 

represent inner shelf environments and, in the case of the Vaqueros and 

Rincon Formations, subtropical or tropical marine climate. The relationship of the "Vaqueros" and "Transition Stages" to the Zemorrian and 

Saucesian Stages of the microfaunal chronology is treated in considerable 

detail.

Ayars, R. N., 1939, Williamson area of the Lost Hills oil field [California] : 

California Oil Fields, v. 24, no. 3, p. 78-90.

Pecten oweni occurs in a gray, fine-grained sand at the top of the Etchegoin Formation ("Pecten Oweni water sand"). Mulinia occurs in the 

Universal Consolidated Oil Co. well Helm no. 1, 4 miles southeast of the 

field.

Ayars, R. N., 1941, Webster area of Midway-Sunset oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 26, p. 19-24.

A Cryptomya bed equivalent to the Fourth Mya zone of the San Joaquin 

Clay is the highest molluscan marker bed in wells. Mulinia densata, 

marker for the top of the Pliocene Etchegoin Formation, was cored in all 

wells. The Etchegoin includes a Mulinia green shale, Bittium blue shale, 

and a 4-foot-thick oil sand containing Pecten oweni and Area trilineata. 

Pecten peclchami occurs in the upper Miocene Belridge Diatomite in the 

Uviffcrina A zone.

Back, William, 1957, Geology and groundwater features of the Smith River 

Plain, Del Norte County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 1254, 76 p.

Lists 12 mollusks from localities in the Pliocene St. George Formation.

Bacskai, J. A., 1969, Miocene porcupine fishes in California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. 

America, Abstracts with Programs for 1969, pt. 3, p. 3.

Porcupine fish in the California middle Miocene indicate warm-water 

conditions comparable to those inferred from studies of marine invertebrates [mollusks].

Bailey, T. L., 1952a, Summerland area, in Redwine, L. E., Chairman, and 

others, Cenozoic correlation section paralleling north and south margins 

[of the] western Ventura basin from Point Conception to Ventura and 

Channel Islands, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the Geologic Names and Correlations Committee, 2 

sheets. 

Pecten sespeensis var. hj/dei is reported from the Vaqueros Formation.

Bailey, T. L., 1952b, Ventura River area, in Redwine, L. E., Chairman, and 

others, Cenozoic correlation section paralleling north and south margins 

[of the] western Ventura basin from Point Conception to Ventura and
BIBLIOGRAPHY 23

Channel Islands, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the Geologic Names and Correlations Committee, 2 

sheets.

Lists a few mollusks from the Pecten hempMlli zone of the Pico Formation (late Pliocene). Pecten crassicardo, P. andersoni, Area sp., and Turrir 

tella ocoyana are reported from the Monterey Shale. Turritella inezana 

and Pecten magnolia occur in the lower part of the Rincon Shale.

Baldwin, E. M., 1945, Some revisions of the late Cenozoic stratigraphy of the 

southern Oregon coast: Jour. Geology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 35-46.

Fossiliferous concretions occur in a blue-gray argillaceous sand at the 

top of the newly described Port Oxford Formation. A "loose gray sand" 

regarded as equivalent to the upper Pleistocene terrace deposits at Cape 

Blanco overlies this bed.

BALDWIN, E. M., 1959*, Geology of Oregon, 1st ed.: Eugene, Oregon, 136 p. 

1964, 2d ed., 165 p. (Oregon Univ. Coop. Book Store).

Includes line drawings of molluscan genera from Miocene beds at Coos 

Bay, the Astoria Formation, the Empire Formation, and the Port Orford 

Formation. Some of the more common occurrences of megafossils in Miocene and Pliocene formations of coastal Oregon are noted.

Baldwin, E. M., 1961, Offshore Mio-Pliocene Formations along the southern 

Oregon Coast [abs.] : Northwest Sci., v. 35, no. 4, p. 154.

Fossils occurring as beach drift near the mouth of the Coquille River 

near Bandon, Oreg., are presumed to be of Pliocene age. Fossiliferous 

"late" [middle] Miocene strata occur between Floras Lake and Blacklock 

Point and south of Cape Blanco, Curry County, Oreg.

Baldwin, E. M., 1966, Some revisions of the geology of the Coos Bay area, 

Oregon: Ore Bin, v. 28, no. 11, p. 189-203.

Miocene mollusks including Dosinia have been dredged from the channel 

at Coos Bay. Limited exposures of these strata have been recently found 

at Coos Bay. Fossils similar to those from the Pliocene Empire Formation 

occur on the beach at the mouth of Coquille River; correlative strata are 

found at China Creek three miles south of Bandon.

Bandy, O. L., 1950, Some later Cenozoic Foraminifera from Cape Blanco, 

Oregon: Jour. Paleontology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 269-281.

Mytilus iniddendorffi Grewingk and Venus securis Shumard are reported 

from the Empire Formation about 1 mile southeast of Cape Blacno. dementia subdiaphana Carpenter occurs in the overlying Port Orford Formation.

Bandy, O. L., Butler, E. A., and Wright, R. C., 1969, Alaskan upper Miocene 

marine glacial deposits and the Turborotalia pachyderma datum plane: Science, v. 166, p. 607-609.

The Poul Creek Formation of Oligocene and Miocene age contains 

faunas of temperate or subtropical aspect. The overlying Yakataga Formation of Miocene and Pliocene age contains mostly cool or cold water molluscan faunas. The appearance of a left-coiling planktonic foraminifer in 

the Yakataga Formation is taken as indicative of the initiation of glaciation during the late Miocene (about 13 million years ago).
24 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Bandy, O. L., and Kolpack, R. L., 1963, Foraminiferal and sedimentological 

trends in the Tertiary section of Tecolote Tunnel, California: Micropaleontology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 117-170.

Mollusk fragments are common in the lower sandstone of the Vaqueros 

Formation.

Barbat, W. F., and von Estorff, F. E., 1933, Lower Miocene Foraminifera from 

the San Joaquin Valley, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 

164-174.

List four mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation of the San Emigdio 

foothills.

Barbat, W. F., and Galloway, John, 1934, San Joaquin Clay, California: Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 18, no. 4, p. 476-499.

Describe four molluscan zones in the San Joaquin Clay: a lowermost 

Mya zone, a "Natica"-Mya zone, a Pecten coalingaensis zone, and an 

uppermost Mya zone. Characteristic mollusks are listed in a stratigraphic 

description of the type section of the San Joaquin Clay. The distribution 

of these zones in the southern San Joaquin Valley and marine paleotemperatures suggested by the fauna of the Etchegoin and the San Joaquin 

are discussed.

Barbat, W. F., and Johnson, F. L., 1934, Stratigraphy and foraminifera of the 

Reef Ridge shale, upper Miocene, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, no. 

1, p. 3-17.

List mollusk assemblages from the basal McLure Shale in Jacalitos 

Creek, Henny's "Santa Margarita" fauna from Waltham Creek, and early 

Pliocene assemblages (14 taxa) overlying the Reef Ridge Shale in Alcalde 

Canyon. Five mollusks are reported from cores of the Reef Ridge Shale.

Barbat, W. F., and Weymoutn, A. Alien, 1931, Stratigraphy of the Borophaous 

littoralis locality, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 21, no. 3, p. 25-26.

Pecten estrellanua Conrad and Ostrea titan Conrad occur in the Santa 

Margarita formation near Crocker Springs in the southern part of the 

Temblor Range, Kern County, Calif.

Barnes, R. M., 1943, Wasco oil field [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 

118, p. 553-555.

The top of the first Mya zone occurs at the San Joaquin-Tulare Formation contact.

Barrett, E. C., 1967, Baja California II, 1535-1964, a bibliography of historical, geographical and scientific literature relating to the peninsula of Baja 

California and to the Adjacent Islands in the Gulf of California and the 

Pacific Ocean ***: Los Angeles, Calif., Westernlore Press, 250 p.

Includes a number of references to reports containing information on 

late Cenozoic mollusks. Some of these include brief annotations.

Barth, T. F. W., 1956, Geology and petrology of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1028-F, p. 101-160.

Records mollusks identified by F. S. MacNeil from St. Paul and St. 

George Islands. The largest assemblage includes nine mollusks. MacNeil 

regarded the collections, from four different localities, as of about the
BIBLIOGRAPHY 25

same age and "probably of early Pleistocene or, at the earliest, late Pliocene age."

BARTSCH, PAUL, 1911, The Recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Bittium 

from the west coast of America: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 40, no. 1826, p. 

383-414, pis. 51-58.

Two new species of Bittium are described from the Pliocene of the 

Santa Maria basin, California.

BARTSCH, PAUL, 1917a, Descriptions of new west American marine mollusks 

and notes on previously described forms: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 52, no. 

2193, p. 637-681, pis. 42-47.

Previously described Miocene species of Odostomia, Cerithiopsis, Pyramidella, Eulima, and Syrnola are reviewed. Describes Turlonilla Jiemphilli 

from a Pliocene well at San Diego, Calif.

BARTSCH, PAUL, 1917*, A monograph of west American melanellid mollusks: 

U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 53, no. 2207, p. 295-356, pis. 34-49.

Illustrates one species each of Melanella and Niao from middle Miocene 

strata near Bakersfleld, Calif.

Bartsch, Paul, Render, H. A., and Shields, B. E., 1946, A bibliography and short 

biographical sketch of William Healy Dall: Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 

104, no. 15, 96 p.

Bibliographic listing of Dall's 1,607 published reports and articles 

includes many dealing with Neogene mollusks of the Pacific coast. A brief 

account of Dall's work on Tertiary fossils of the northwest coast of North 

America is included.

Beal, C. H., 1948, Reconnaissance of the geology and oil possibilities of Baja 

California, Mexico: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 31,138 p.

Mollusks are listed from Arroyo San Angel, 4 kilometers south of San 

Ignacio, Arroyo Patrocinio, Arroyo Guajademi, Arroyo Purisima, Arroyo 

San Ramundo, Arroyo Tiebre, Elephant Mesa, and Bahia Tortuga. All 

localities are shown on the geologic map; several of the faunal lists are 

from Hertlein and Jordan (1927).

Beck, R. S., 1952, Correlation chart of Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene in San Joaquin Valley and Cuyama Valley areas [California], in 

Field trip routes, geology, oil fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists-Soc. Explor. Geophysicists Guidebook, Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1952, p. 104.

Basic foraminiferal correlation chart for Miocene and Pliocene formations of the San Joaquin basin and central California Coast Ranges. Two 

mollusk "zones" in the Pliocene are shown.

.Becker, G. F., 1888, Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific Slope 

* * *: U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 13, 486 p.

Pecten and Ostrea occur in upper Tertiary strata In the New Almaden 

mining district, Santa Clara County, Calif.

Bennett, W. A. G., 1939, Bibliography and index of geology and mineral 

resources of Washington, 1814-1936: Washington Div. Mines and Geology 

Bull. 35, 140 p.
26 NEOGBNE MARINE MOLLUSKS

This is a useful, well-indexed reference to geologic and paleontologic 

reports up to 1936. A list of new species of mollusks described from Washington during this period (p. 129-136) is included.

BENTSON, HERDIS, 1940, A systematic study of the fossil gastropod Exilia: 

California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 25, no. 2, p. 199-238, pis. 

1-3.

Figures Exilia n. sp. D from near the mouth of Twin River, Wash., presumably from the upper part of the Twin River Formation and of early 

Miocene age [Echinophoria apta zone of Durham (1944)].

Bereskin, S. R., 1969, Miocene biostratigraphy of southwestern Santa Cruz 

Island, California [abs.] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 53, no. 

2, p. 469.

Marine mollusks occur in a 2,265-foot sedimentary section of Miocene 

age.

BERESKIN, S. R., and EDWARDS, L. N., 1969*, Mid-Tertiary stratigraphy, 

southwestern Santa Cruz Island [California], in Weaver, D. W., ed., Geology of the Northern Channel Islands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

and Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Spec. 

Pub., p. 68-79.

List 17 mollusks from the Lower Conglomerate of the "Vaqueros Formation," 27 from the volcanic arenite of the "Vaqueros Sandstone," five from 

the San Onofre Breccia, and one from the Monterey Formation. Inner 

shelf bathymetric environments are postulated for the Vaqueros assemblages in addition to a slight warming trend during deposition of the 

Vaqueros based on foraminiferal and molluscan data. Cooler conditions are 

postulated during deposition of the Rincon Formation but warming to subtropical conditions is suggested by analysis of the fauna of the overlying 

San Onofre Breccia.

BERRY, S. S., 1922, Fossil chitons of western North America: California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 11, no. 18, p. 399-526, pis. 1-16, figs. 1-11.

A resume of Tertiary occurrences of chitons including two from the 

lower Miocene and five from the Pliocene. A new genus and new species, 

Oligochiton lioplax, /rom the Sooke Formation, British Columbia, is 

described and illustrated.

Bertholf, H. W., 1962, Northeast area of McKittrick oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 48, no. 1, p. 63-68.

Turritella nova occurs in the lower part of the Etchegoin Formation. 

The uppermost occurrence of Mulinia [Pseudocardium} densata is used to 

determine the top of the Etchegoin Formation. Typical mollusks in the 

lower part of the formation are: Nassarius californianus, Pecten oweni 

[Patinopecten ZoTirt], and Turritella nova. Calyptraea filosa, Area trilineata, My a [Cryptomya] quadrata, and Mulinia densata are common in 

the upper part. Mya japonica is reported from the San Joaquin Formation.

Blacut, Gustavo, and Kleinpell, R. M., 1969, A stratigraphic sequence of benthonic smaller Foraminifera from the La Boca Formation, Panama Canal 

Zone: Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 20, pt. 1, p. 1-22.

A zoogeographic boundary between Miocene mollusks of the "Astoria 

Subprovince" and the "Temblor Subprovince" occurs in the southern part
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27

of the Diablo Range south of the Vallecitos area. The "Astoria Subprovince" is typified by "Pecten" propatulus. During the Saucesian and the 

Relizian stages benthonic Foraminifera of this region fall into the same 

faunal subprovince though the equivalent inshore molluscan faunas differ 

at least subprovincially. Turritella inezana and T. ocoyana occur together 

in the lower part of the Saucesian microfaunal stage. Turritella ocoyana 

does not range downward into the Zemorrian Stage. Both of these turritellids are invaders from the Caribbean.

Blake, W. P., 1855, Preliminary geological report ***: U.S. 33d Gong., 1st 

Sess., House Ex. Doc. 129, 80 p.

Includes a brief commentary on the fossil mollusks identified by T. A. 

Conrad. Reviews some of the principal Miocene and Pliocene localities discovered during the railroad surveys: Ocoya Creek, Carrizo Creek, San 

Diego, San Fernando Pass, Monterey, and Benicia.

Blake, W. P., 1856, Observations on the physical geography and geology of the 

coast of California from Bodega Bay to San Diego: U.S. Coast Survey 

Rept. of 1855, U.S. 34th Cong., 1st Sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 22, p. 376-398.

According to Vogdes (1896) Tertiary fossils are recorded from the vicinity of Monterey and San Diego.

Blake, W. P., 1857, Geological report, pt. II in Williamson, R. S., Reports of 

explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical 

route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. *** 

v. 5: U.S. 33d Cong., 2d Sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78, p. 1-310. [Title page of 

v. 5 bears date 1856, Williamson's report (pt. I) 1855, and Blake's report 

(pt. II) 1857.]

Description of itinerary includes records of fossils, mostly by generic 

name or as "fossils," from many localities along the route. Some of these 

are Mount Diablo, Monterey, Ocoya (Poso) Creek, San Fernando Pass, 

Carrizo Creek (Imperial County), San Diego, and Santa Barbara. Many of 

the species named by Conrad are listed.

Blanchard, R. C., 1913, The geology of the western Buckskin Mountains, Yuma 

County, Arizona: Columbia Univ. Contr. Geology Dept, v. 26, no. 1-80.

Initial notice of fossiliferous beds along Osborne Wash, Ariz., that were 

later referred to the Bouse Formation by Metzger (1968). Mollusks include 

Bittiiim and a probable young Coroicula.

Bode, F. D., 1935, The fauna of the Herychippus zone, north Coalinga District, 

California: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 453, (Contr. Paleontology, VI), 

p. 65-96.

New reocrds of Turritella ocoyana along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley are related to the middle Miocene-late Miocene boundary and 

vertebrate-bearing beds. A correlation chart shows the relationship of vertebrate faunas to the California Miocene sequence.

Borkovich, G. J., 1958, Buena Vista oil field [California]: California Oil 

Fields, v. 44, no. 2, p. 5-20.

Reports Mya from cores of the San Joaquin Clay, Mulinia densata from 

the top of the Etchegoin Formation (used to determine contact between 

these formations), and a Pecten-Nytiltts fossil bed in the San Joaquin
28 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Clay. Older mollusk-designated sand units are compared with modern stratigraphic names.

Boss, K. J., 1965, Catalogue of the family Pandoridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) : 

Harvard Univ. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Dept. Mollusks, Occasional Papers on 

Mollusks, v. 2, no. 33, 413-424. 

Lists four Miocene species of Pandora from California and Alaska.

Boss, K. J., 1967, Thyasira disjuncta (Gabb, 1866) in the Caribbean Sea: 

Marine Sci. Bull., v. 17, no. 2, p. 386-388.

Thyasira disjuncta ranges from Pliocene to Holocene in the Eastern 

Pacific. It is a larger, more quadrate species than T. Msecta which occurs 

in strata of Oligocene and Miocene age.

Boss, K. J., and Merrill, A. S., 1965, The Family Pandoridae in the Western 

Atlantic: Johnsonia, v. 4, no. 44, p. 181-215, pis. 115-126.

Pandora glacialis Leach occurs in the Pliocene Pico Formation near 

Ventura, Calif.

Boss, K. J., Rosewater, Joseph, and Ruhoff, F. A., 1968, The zoological taxa of 

William Healey Dall: U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 287, 427 p.

An alphabetic arrangement of all generic, subgeneric, and specific names 

introduced by Dall with bibliographic citations. Included in the 5,302 molluscan names are many Miocene and Pliocene taxa from the Pacific Coast 

States and Alaska.

Bowen, 0. E., 1966, Stratigraphy, structure, and oil possibilities in Monterey 

and Salinas quadrangles, California, in Symposium *** of Papers: Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Sec., 40th Ann. Mtg., Bakersfield, 

Calif., 1965, p. 48-67.

Lists two small molluscan assemblages of middle Miocene age and three 

of late Miocene age from stratigraphic units in the northernmost part of 

the Santa Lucia Mountains. Identifications are mostly by L. G. Hertlein.

Bowers, Stephen, 1888, Ventura County [California] : California Mining Bur., 

Eighth Ann. Rept. State Mineralogist, p. 679-690.

A few mollusks of Miocene and Pliocene age are listed.

Bowers, Stephen, 1890a, Orange County [California] : California Mining Bur., 

Tenth Ann. Rept. State Mineralogist, p. 399-409.

Lyropecten, and other Neogene fossils, occur near Alisos Creek in the 

Santa Ana Mountains.

Bowers, Stephen, 1890b, Ventura County [California] : California Mining Bur., 

Tenth Ann. Rept. State Mineralogist, p. 758-762.

An assemblage of about 20 mollusks from calcareous sandstone about 

400 feet thick on Pine Mountain is listed. The assemblage appears to be of 

late Miocene age although species that are now regarded as of early Miocene and of Pliocene age are included in the list.

Bowers, Stephen, 1901, Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert mining district 

[California] : California Mining Bur., 12 p.

According to Mendenhall (1910), Bowers secured fossil collections from 

Carizzo Creek and Black Mountains and submitted them to J. C. Merriam, 

Ralph Arnold, and T. W. Vaughan for identification.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 29

Brabb, E. E., 1964, Subdivision of San Lorenzo Formation (Eocene-Oligocene) 

west-central California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 48, no. 

5, p. 670-679.

Records Pecten sanctaecruzensis from the lower part of the Vaqueros 

Formation in the Santa Cruz Mountains.

Brabb, E. E., and Rau, W. W., 1959, Road log, in Big Basin area, Santa Cruz 

Mountains, California: Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 

Pacific Sec., Ann. Field Trip Guidebook, 1959, p. 8-15. 

Pecten andersoni occurs in the lower Miocene Vaqueros Sandstone.

Bramkamp, R. A., 1935, Molluscan fauna of the Imperial formation of San 

Gorgonio Pass [California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Proc. 1934, p. 385.

Notes tropical aspect of molluscan assemblages from the Imperial Formation considered to be of middle Miocene age. Less than one-fourth of 

the species are still living. Many of the species occur in middle Miocene 

formations of tropical America.

Bramlette, M. N., 1934, Heavy mineral studies on correlation of sands at Kettleman Hills, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 18, no. 

12, p. 1559-1576.

dementia pertenuis and Miltha sanctaecrusis occur in the upper part of 

Miocene sands at Reef Ridge [basal conglomerate of the McLure Shale]. 

Turritella ocoyana occurs in reef beds on Reef Ridge.

Bramlette, M. N., 1946, The Monterey formation of California and the origin 

of its siliceous rocks: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 212, 57 p. [1957].

Mollusks are of rare occurrence in the siliceous rocks of the Monterey 

Formation. Small species of Area and of Pectinidae are the only common 

mollusks. The fauna suggests relatively deep and cool water.

Bramlette, M. N., and Daviess, S. N., 1944, Geology and oil possibilities of the 

Salinas Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. 

Map 24.

Fossils [in large part mollusks] occur abundantly in the Miocene 

Vaqueros Formation and in rocks of Pliocene age.

BRANNER, J. C., NEWSOM, J. F., and ARNOLD, RALPH, 1909*, Description 

of the Santa Cruz quadrangle, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, 

Folio 163, 11 p., 2 pages of ills., 3 maps.

Includes lists of mollusks from Miocene and Pliocene formations of 

Santa Cruz quadrangle, all from an earlier publication by Arnold in 1908. 

Several mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation, Monterey Shale, Purisima 

Formation (?) barnacle beds [middle Miocene east of San Andreas fault], 

and the Purisima and Merced Formations are illustrated; practically all 

of these were previously figured by Arnold in 1908.

BREMNER, C. ST. J., 1932*, Geology of Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara 

County, California: Santa Barbara Mus. Nat. History Occasional Paper 1, 

33 p., 3 pis.

Lists 21 species of mollusks from his Temblor Formation (identifications 

by W. H. Corey). Corey suggests that Pecten vanvlecki may range above 

his Vaqueros Formation ["Stage"]. Four characteristic Vaqueros mollusks 

from exposures of the Vaqueros Formation on Santa Rosa Island are illustrated.

468-965 72 3
30 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

BREMNER, C. ST. J., 1933*, Geology of San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara 

County, California: Santa Barbara Mus. Nat. History Occasional Paper 2r 

23 p., 4 pis.

Lists 11 species from the Vaqueros Formation and eight from the Temblor Formation (identifications by W. H. Corey). Pecten cf. peckhami 

occurs in the Monterey Shale.

Briggs, L. I., Jr., 1953, Geology of the Ortigalita Peak quadrangle, California: 

California Div. Mines Bull. 167, 61 p., 4 pis., 33 figs.

Very poorly preserved casts of pelecypods from the San Pablo Formation resemble Spisula according to J. W. Durham.

Brooks, A. H., 1906, The geography and geology of Alaska, a summary of 

existing knowledge *** : U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 45, 327 p.

Includes a brief review of localities and areas from which Miocene and 

Pliocene marine fossils have been reported.

Brooks, A. H., 1921, Note on the Tertiary geology of Alaska: Pan-Pacific Scientific Conf., First, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Pub. 7, pt. 3, p. 797-800.

A marine transgression occurred along the Pacific coast of Alaska 

during the Miocene but did not extend north of Bristol Bay. Pliocene 

marine invertebrates occur in ancient beach deposits of Pliocene or Pleistocene age near Nome.

Brooks, T. J., Steinmeyer, E. H., and Billman, H. G., 1955, Devil's Den-McLure 

Valley area [California], in Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and MineralogistsAm. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Spring Field Trip Guidebook, 1955: 4 p. 

Pecten andersoni and oysters have been recovered from cores of their 

Kettleman sand (Escudo Formation) in wells at Pyramid Hills oil field. 

These mollusks also occur in surface exposures of this formation at 

nearby Wagonwheel Mountain.

Brown, A. S., 1968, Geology of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia t 

British Columbia Dept. Mines and Petroleum Resources, Bull. 54, 226 p.

A few mollusk localities in Skonun Formation at Masset Sound, Watun 

Creek, and Skonun Point are listed. F. J. E. Wagner believes that the 

assemblage is Miocene. Pollen specialists compare it with the Sooke Formation but also indicate late Miocene or early Pliocene affinities.

Brown, J. S., 1923, The Salton Sea region, California; a geographic, geologic,, 

and hydrologic reconnaissance, with a guide to desert watering places: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 497, 292 p.

Small pelecypods in limestone exposed in the Palo Verde Mountains 

[later mapped as basal part of Bouse Formation by Metzger (1968)] may 

indicate an extension of the Gulf of California during the later Tertiary.

Brown, R. D., Jr., and Gower, H. D., 1958, Twin River formation (redefinition), northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., v. 42, no. 10, p. 2492-2512.

Fossils collected from the upper member of the Twin River Formation, 

chiefly mollusks, are considered to be of late Oligocene or early Miocene 

age. Mollusks are relatively abundant in this member.

Brown, R. D., Gower, H. D., and Snavely, P. D., Jr., 1960, Geology of the Port. 

Angeles-Lake Crescent area, Clallam County, Washington: U.S. GooL 

Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-203 [1961].
BIBLIOGRAPHY 31

Marine mollusks from the upper part of the Twin River Formation are 

considered to be of late Oligocene or early Miocene age by Ellen J. Trumbull. Two assemblages of mollusks from localities included in the upper 

part of the Twin River Formation by these authors were correlated with 

the middle Miocene Temblor Formation of California by Durham (1944).

Burch, J. Q., ed., 1944-46, Distributional list of the west American marine 

mollusks from San Diego, California, to the Polar Sea: Concholog. Club. 

Southern California Minutes nos. 33-63.

A valuable source of geographic and bathymetric range data for modern 

mollusks of the eastern North Pacific for use in paleoecologic and zoogeographic studies.

Burchfiel, B. C., 1964, Stratigraphic reassignment of four species in the lower 

Miocene rocks of the Bear Creek area, Santa Cruz County, California: 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 2, p. 401-405.

The teilzone of Pecten sanctaecruzensis in the Santa Cruz Mountains is 

restricted to the Vaqueros Formation. The type locality of Fusus sanctaecrusis Arnold also occurs in the Vaqueros Formation.

Burk, C. A., 1965, Geology of the Alaska Peninsula-island arc and continental 

margin (3 parts) : Geol. Soc. America Mem. 99, 250 p.

Includes lists of Miocene fossils from near Port Moller, a late Oligocene 

or early Miocene assemblage from the Fox Bay-Boulder Bay area, and a 

Pliocene or Pleistocene assemblage from Herendeen Bay. His newly named 

Bear Lake Formation of middle and late Miocene age includes "large fossiliferous banks in which the shell matter may constitute a third of the 

rock" (p. 91). The lower part of the formation is characterized by specimens of Mytilus middendorffi; it is mapped as the Unga Conglomerate 

Member. M. middendorffi also occurs at Cape Aliaskin and on the eastern 

shore of Kodiak Island. List of Tertiary mollusks identified by F. S. 

MacNeil are included in Appendix C (p. 221-228). Sixty-eight species 

ranging from Eocene to Pliocene are recorded; most of the collections are 

of Oligocene age.

Bush, J. B., 1931, A preliminary study of the Foraminifera of some Monterey 

Shale beds, Santa Clara County, California: Micropaleontology Bull., v. 2, 

no. 5, p. 99-101.

Sandstone overlying Monterey Shale beds in the New Almaden quadrangle northeast of the San Andreas fault contains fragments of Ostrea titan 

and other fossils that suggest a late Miocene age.

Buwalda, J. P., 1913, Faunal zones of the San Pablo formation east of Walnut 

Creek, near Mount Diablo, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 

24, p. 130.

The abstract is: "Discussion of a measured section of the San Pablo 

formation on the western side of the Mount Diablo anticline, with the 

results of a study of the [molluscan] faunal zones."

Buwalda, J. P., and Stanton, W. L., 1930, Geological events in the history of 

the Indio Hills and the Sal ton basin, southern California: Science, v. 71, 

no. 1830, p. 104-106.

A marine formation of late Miocene or early Pliocene age crops out in 

the Indio Hills, Riverside County. The fauna is similar to the living fauna 

of the Gulf of California.
32 NEOGBNB MARINE MOLLUSKS

Canfield, C. R., 1939, Subsurface stratigraphy of Santa Maria Valley oil-field 

and adjacent parts of Santa Maria Valley, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 23, no. 1, p. 43-81.

Pecten healeyi occurs at the top of the Foxen Formation. Pecten andersoni has been recovered from cores of the "oil sand zone" of the Monterey 

Formation (middle Miocene).

Capps, S. R., 1937, Kodiak and adjacent islands, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 880-C, p. 111-184.

Mollusks from Narrow Point, Kodiak Island, identified by W. P. Woodring (USGS loc. 13372) are considered to be of Miocene or Pliocene age. 

Ten taxa including Mytilus middendorffi are listed.

Cardwell, G. T., 1958, Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey WaterSupply Paper 1427, 273 p.

Lists nine mollusks of late Pliocene age from a new locality in the 

Merced Formation about 7 miles west-northwest of Santa Rosa. Identifications are by L. G. Hertlein who correlates the assemblage with the lower 

part of the type Merced Formation. Most of the fossil localities in the 

Merced Formation of this area are near the base of the formation. The 

fossils are also found in well cores.

Carlson, Stanley, Dibblee, T. W., Jr., Ryan, Ben, Jr., and Schwade, I. T., 1951, 

Cuyama Valley [California], in Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Annual Field Trip, 1951: 6 p.

Characteristic mollusks from the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation and sandy beds in the underlying middle Miocene Monterey Shale 

are listed by Dibblee.

Carson, C. M., 1925a, Pliocene faunal zones in southern California: Pan-Am. 

Geologist, v. 43, no. 4, p. 265-270.

Lists characteristic mollusks from five "formations" of Pliocene age that 

are thought to represent successive faunal zones: Etchegoin sandstones, 

Fernando shaly sandstones, San Diego clays, Ventura sands, and Santa 

Barbara marls. The faunas are regarded as showing a more or less progressive cooling during the Pliocene, the Santa Barbara faunal assemblages being the coolest.

CARSON, C. M., 1925b, Some new species from the Pliocene of southern California, with a few changes in nomenclature: Southern California Acad. 

Sci. Bull., v. 24, pt. 2, p. 31-35, 1 pi. 

Describes and illustrates three new Pliocene gastropods.

CARSON, C. M., 1926, New molluscan species from the California Pliocene: 

Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 25, pt. 2, p. 49-62, 4 pis.

Describes and illustrates 14 new species of mollusks from the Pliocene 

of California. Included are lists of mollusks associated with the new species at their type localities. Most of the new species are from the Santa 

Maria basin.

Carson, C. M., 1965, The Rincon Formation, in Western Santa Ynez Mountains, 

Santa Barbara County, California, Guidebook, 1965: Coast Geol. Soc., 

Pacific Sec. Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 38-40.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

Reports Ostrea howelli from near the top of the lower Miocene Vaqueroa 

Formation at Casitas Lake, Santa Barbara County, Calif.

Cartwright, L. D., Jr., 1928, Sedimentation of the Pico Formation in the Yentura quadrangle, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 12, 

no. 3, p. 235-269.

Molluscan fossils occur in Miocene and Pliocene formations (Vaqueroa 

and Pico Formations) near Ventura, Calif. Turritella ocoyana is reported 

from the upper part of the Vaqueros Formation.

Chamberlin, J. L., and Stearns, Franklin, 1963, A geographic study of the clam 

Spisula polynyma (Stimpson), in Serial Atias of the Marine Environment, 

Folio 3: Am. Geog. Soc. New York, 12 p., pis. 1-6.

Spisula voyi (Gabb) from Pliocene strata near Bear River, Humboldt 

County, Calif., is included as synonym of 8. polynyma.

Chambers, L. S., 1943, Buttonwillow gas field [California] : California Div. 

Mines Bull. 118, p. 543-545.

The first occurrence of "true marine fossils" (including the Hulinia bed) 

is at the San Joaquin Clay-Etchegoin contact.

Church, C. C., 1958, Macropaleontology, in San Joaquin Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 

1958 Spring Field Trip, Round Mountain area [California]: p. 12-13, 

18-19.

Lists two middle Miocene mollusks from Blake's Ocoya Creek locality 

(Conrad, 1855), four early Miocene mollusks from Pyramid Hill, five from 

the Barker's Ranch (middle Miocene) area, and three from Sharktooth 

Hill (middle Miocene).

Church, C. C., 1968, The McKittrick tar seeps, in Guidebook, Geology and oil 

fields of west side southern San Joaquin Valley [California], Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists, Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, and Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Field trip, 1968: p. 86-92.

A 2- to 3-foot bed lying unconformably above Miocene diatomaceous siltstone contains abundant specimens of a small Pect&n and a few small 

Ostrea. It is referred to the basal San Joaquin Pecten eldridgei zone (Pliocene).

Clapp, C. H., 1912, Southern Vancouver Island: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 

13, 202 p., 18 pis., 3 figs., reconn. geol. map.

Contains a map of exposures of Sooke and Carmanah Formations along 

southwest coast of Vancouver Island. There is a section on age of formations but with no fossil names.

Clapp, C. H., 1917, Sooke and Duncan map-areas, Vancouver Island: Canada 

Dept. Mines Mem. 96, Geol. ser. 80, p. 1-445.

Lists mollusks from the Sooke and Carmanah Formations from near 

Sooke northwest to the vicinity of Clo-oose (identifications by C. B. 

Weaver). Weaver correlated the Sooke with the Clallam Formation of the 

northern Olympic Peninsula.

Clark, Alex, 1937, Notes on Conrad's Miocene species from "Ocoya" Creek, 

Kern County [California] [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Proc. 1936, p. 

386-387.
34 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Discovered Conrad's original Poso Creek [Ocoya Creek] locality from 

which Turritella ocoyana and other middle Miocene mollusks were 

described. Indicates some taxonomic revisions based upon restudy of material from this locality.

Clark, B. L., 1912, The Neocene section at Kirker Pass on the north side of 

Mount Diablo [California] : California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 

7, p. 47-60.

Lists 18 mollusks from his Upper Monterey Series, 44 species from the 

lower division of his San Pablo Series, and 21 species from the upper division of his San Pablo Series.

Clark, B. L., 1913, San Pablo formation on the north side of Mount Diablo, 

California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 24, p. 130.

A fauna of 60 species of marine invertebrates [mostly mollusks] occurs 

in this formation. Twenty species have been collected from the underlying 

Monterey Series.

Clark, B. L., 1914a, Fauna of the San Pablo Series [California] [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 25, p. 152-153.

The fauna of the San Pablo is of Miocene age; it consists of about 150 

species [mostly mollusks] that are divided into two faunal zones bearing 

the names of echinoids.

Clark, B. L., 1914b, Fauna of the Scutella oreweriana zone of the upper Monterey Series [California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 25, p. 151.

About 60 species of invertebrates [mostly mollusks] occur in this zone. 

The fauna is distinct from that of the Affasoma gravida zone below and 

the fauna of the San Pablo Series above.

CLARK, B. L., 1915a, Fauna of the San Pablo Group of middle California: 

California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 22, p. 385-572, pis. 

42-71.

Describes and illustrates about 70 new molluscan taxa from the San 

Pablo Group (Cierbo and Neroly Formations of later usage). Regarded 

faunas as indicative of warm temperate conditions similar to those in the 

northernmost part of the present-day Californian molluscan province. 

Includes a faunal list, locality descriptions, stratigraphic descriptions of 

important sections, and descriptions of two faunal zones, both bearing the 

names of echinoids. Lists species limited to each of the two zones.

Clark, B. L., 1915b, The occurrence of Oligocene in the Contra Costa Hills of 

Middle California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 9, no. 2, 

p. 9-21.

Defines the Anadara montereyana zone which is as old as the Turritella 

ocoyana zone of southern California. Lists nine mollusks from this zone 

and 86 molluscan taxa from the underlying Agasoma gravida zone which 

is regarded as older than the T. inemana zone of southern California.

Clark, B. L., 1916, Note on the marine Tertiary faunas of the Tejon Hills section, in Merriam, J. C., Mammalian remains from the Chanac formation of 

the Tejon Hills, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 

10, no. 8, p. 115.

Lists characteristic mollusks from upper Miocene exposures at Comanche 

Point.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 35

Clark, B. L., 1917, Astoria series (Oligocene) in the region of Mount Diablo, 

Middle California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 28, p. 227-229.

The Astoria Formation of Oregon is considered equivalent to the Clallam Formation of northwestern Washington and is considered by Clark to 

be coeval with his Agasoma gravidum zone of the Mount Diablo area, the 

San Lorenzo Formation of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and the Kreyenhagen Shale, all in California.

CLARK, B. L., 1918, The San Lorenzo series of middle California: California 

Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 11, no. 2, p. 45-234, pis. 3-24.

Definitive report on the San Ramon Sandstone of the Mount Diablo 

area. This formation, characterized by mollusks referred to as the Agasoma gravidum fauna, is separated from the overlying Sobrante Sandstone 

of Lawson (1914) on the basis of an unconformity in the upper part of 

the formation. The San Ramon fauna is described and illustrated. It is 

correlated with other late Oligocene and (or) early Miocene faunas along 

the Pacific coast.

Clark, B. L., 1921a, Correlation of Tertiary marine formations of the west 

Coast of North America: Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Spec. Pub. 7, pt. 3, p. 

801-818.

A correlation chart of the Pacific coast contains nine columns for California and one for Oregon and Washington. A few characteristic or stratigraphically restricted mollusks are shown for some of the marine formations. Latitudinal temperature gradients that were developed by the late 

Tertiary, and the isolated nature of depositional basins, complicate Neogene correlations along the Pacific coast.

Clark, B. L., 1921b, The marine Tertiary of the west coast of the United 

States its sequence, paleogeography, and the problems of correlation: 

Jour. Geology, v. 29, no. 7, p. 583-614,12 figs.

Seven subdivisions [time-stratigraphic] of the California Neogene are 

recognized and used on a chart showing formations and principal fauual 

elements for nine areas in California. The correlation of these units, their 

paleogeography, and their inferred climatic significance are discussed; 

paleogeographic maps showing the distribution of each of these are 

included. Progress in molluscan correlation has been hampered by poor 

preservation of material, geographic isolation of faunas, and latitudinal 

temperature differentiation that became very pronounced following the 

middle Miocene.

CLARK, B. L., 1922, A new family and new genus from the Tertiary of the 

Pacific coast: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 14, no. 4, p. 

115-122, pis. 13-14.

Mesodesma paclfica Hall and Ambrose from the Monterey Group near 

Sunol, Calif., is included with the newly described Myadesma dalli from 

the Sooke Formation of British Columbia in this new genus. Both species 

are illustrated.

Clark, B. L., 1924, A summary of work in progress on the Tertiary and Quaternary of western North America: Pan-Pacific Sci. Gong., Second, Proc., 

v. 1, p. 874-879.

Principally a summary of work on molluscan faunas of the Paleogene in 

California, Oregon, and Washington. There was very little research in
36 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

progress on Miocene and Pliocene faunas; the only work noted being that 

of TV. S. W. Kew on the Miocene and Pliocene of southern California.

CLARK, B. L., 1925, Pelecypoda from the marine Oligocene of western North 

America: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 15, no. 4, p. 

69-136, pis. 8-22.

A review and systematic description of Oligocene and some early Miocene pelecypods, principally from Oregon and Washington. A few new species are described from the uppermost part of the Twin River Formation 

of northwestern Washington, the Scappoose Formation of northwestern 

Oregon, lower or middle Miocene beds of coastal Oregon, and the San 

Ramon Formation of central California. Lists of mollusks at the type 

localities of each of these new species are included.

CLARK, B. L., 1929*, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of 

California: Privately published, 132 p., 50 pis. [Ann Arbor, Mich., University Microfilms, Inc., 30 p., 50 pis.]

A review of Tertiary faunas listing characteristic species from several1 

Miocene and Pliocene "horizons" or "formations." Illustrates previously 

described Miocene and Pliocene mollusks.

CLARK, B. L., 1932, Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (upper Oligocene) of southern Alaska: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 43, p. 797-846,. 

pis. 14-21.

Recognizes 42 molluscan taxa, including 24 newly described species or 

subspecies, from rock units of late Oligocene to middle Miocene age. The 

combined fauna is correlated with the Blakeley "horizon" ["Stage"] of 

western Washington and the fauna of the Sooke Formation of Vancouver 

Island. Water temperatures are inferred to have been cool temperate and 

similar to modern conditions in this area. Evidence for late Oligocene ageof the San Ramon Formation of California is discussed.

Clark, B. L., 1933, Fauna of the Yakataga Formation of southern Alaska 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 44, pt. 1, p. 168.

The molluscan fauna of the Yakataga Formation is considered to be of 

late Oligocene age and is correlated with the faunas of the Blakeley Formation and San Ramon Formation of the Pacific Coast States. Somepaleontologists consider these faunas to be of early Miocene age.

Clark, B. L., 1940, Two new Pliocene formations in California [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 51, pt. 2, p. 1956-1957.

Proposes the name King City Formation for marine strata exposed 

southeast of King City, Monterey County, Calif., that overlie basement 

rocks and underlie the Pancho Rico Formation. This unit is characterized 

by a mollusk-echinoid faunal assemblage referred to as the Astrodapsisantiselli zone.

Clark, B. L., 1941, Notes on California Tertiary correlation: California Div. 

Mines Bull. 118, p. 187-191.

A discussion of Tertiary correlation with reference to a few mollusk and 

echinoid zones. A correlation chart of Coast Range Tertiary formations isincluded.

Clark, B. L., and Arnold, Ralph, 1918a, Marine Oligocene of the west coast of 

North America [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 29, p. 153-154.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 37

The younger of two Oligocene faunal units, that of the Seattle Group, Is 

more closely related to the older Oligocene faunal unit (the San Lorenzo 

Group) than to early Miocene faunas.

dark, B. L., and Arnold, Ralph, 191Sb, Marine Oligocene of the west coast of 

North America : GeoL Soc. America Bull., v. 29, p. 297-308.

The youngest of three faunal zones included in the Oligocene of Washington, the Acila gettysburgensis zone, represents temperate marine climate, as does the oldest zone, the Agasoma acuminata zone of the Sooke 

Formation. The latter zone is now considered to be of probable early Miocene age; the former at least in part of early Miocene age (Weaver and 

others, 1944). Differentiation of climatic zones along the Pacific coast 

began during the Oligocene. A paleogeographic map of the early and 

middle Miocene of California ("Monterey") is included.

 CLARK, B. L., and ARNOLD, RALPH, 1923, Fauna of the Sooke Formation, 

Vancouver Island, with description of a new coral by T. Wayland 

Vaughan: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 14, no. 5, p. 

123-234, pis. 15-42.

The definitive study of the molluscan fauna of the Sooke Formation 

based upon all significant collections made as of that date. Sixty-six mollusks are recognized of which 45 are newly described. The fauna represents temperate climatic conditions along a strand line with the influence 

of brackish water in at least a few of the fossiliferous localities. The formation is considered to be of late Oligocene or early Miocene age, coeval 

with the Acila gettysburgensis zone of Oregon and Washington.

Clark, B. L., and Durham, J. W., 1942, Molluscan evidence for the Miocene age 

of the Vaqueros Formation, in Schenck, H. G., and Childs, T. S., Jr., Significance of Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) caUfornica, new species, in the 

Vaqueros formation (Tertiary), California: Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. 

Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 37-39.

The Vaqueros should be correlated with the European Burdigalian Stage 

because specific and generic composition are similar (list Aquitanian to 

Helvetian analogs of four Vaqueros species). Turritella ocoyana is represented by analogous species in South America which are of Miocene age. 

Faunal migrations occurred from Europe to the Americas, American occurrences are, therefore, at least as young if not younger than European 

occurrences.

 Clark, J. C., 1968a, Miocene-Pliocene boundary in the central Santa Cruz 

Mountains, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 115, p. 

310-317.

The Santa Margarita Formation of the Scotts Valley area includes mollusk assemblages that, together with foraminiferal and land-mammal control, suggest that the Miocene-Pliocene boundary occurs within this formation.

 Clark, J. C., 1968b, Correlation of the Santa Cruz Mountains Tertiary implications for San Andreas History, in Proceedings of Conference on Geologic 

Problems of San Andreas Fault System: Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., 

Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 166-180.

Paleontolo,gic evidence indicates that the Mindego volcanics west of the 

San Andreas fault and the Page Mill Basalt east of the fault are not, a8
38 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

previously held, contemporaneous. An early Miocene assemblage, including 

four listed species, directly overlies the Mindego volcanics; a middle Miocene assemblage includes Turritella ocoyana and a "typical Temblor 

['Temblor Stage'] fauna" overlies and is interbedded with the Page Mill 

Basalt.

Clark, L. M., and Clark, Alex, 1935, The Vaqueros in the Temblor Range [California] [abs.] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 19, no. 1, p. 137. 

Ostrea, vaquerosensis and Pecten magnolia are reported from localities 

in their "Aqua Sandstone", a sandstone within the upper part of their 

Santos Shale, documenting the occurrence of lower Miocene ["Vaqueros 

Stage"] strata along the west side of the San Joaquin basin.

Clark, S. G., 1940, Geology of the Covelo district, Mendocino County, California : California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 25, no. 2, p. 119-142, 

7 figs.

Ostrea, Corlicula 1!, Natica, and Pecten (determined by F. E. Turner) 

occur in strata assigned to the Miocene by Clark. Desmostylus also occurs 

in this unit and is believed to be of middle Miocene age according to VanderHoof (1937). Oysters are reported by Diller (1902) from strata that 

overly serpentine in this area.

Clements, Thomas, 1941, Review of ideas of today regarding a water connection at Panama, in Hill, H. W., ed., Proceedings of the dedicatory exercises, Hancock Hall, the Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research 

at the University of Southern California: Southern California Univ., Univ. 

Chron. Ser., no. 7, p. 12-16.

A discussion of the paleogeography of the Panama-Costa Rica area 

including his Bolivar seaway and Tehuantepec Portal (open until the Pliocene). Caribbean affinities of Pacific coast faunas appear in the early 

Miocene and persist until middle Pliocene according to Clark.

Coan, E. V., 1968, The biogeography of certain west American tellinaceans[abs.] : The Echo, Western Soc. Malacologists, First Ann. Mtg., p. 

11-12.

Two species of Macoma migrated through the Bering Straits during the 

late Tertiary and Quaternary (M. obliqua and M. praetenuis).

Coan, E. V., 1969, Recognition of an eastern Pacific Macoma in the Coralline 

Crag of England and its biogeographic significance: Veliger, v. 11, no. 3, p. 

277-279.

Macoma incongrua von Martens (1865) of the eastern North Pacific is 

conspecific with M. oltliqua (Sowerby, 1817), reported from the Coralline 

Crag of England. Eastern Pacific specimens previously identified as M. 

incongrua, differ significantly from modern specimens of this species from 

Japan, the type locality. There are a few comments on Neogene migrations 

of Macoma from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

Coan, E. V., and Roth, Barry, 1966, The West American Marginellidae: Veliger, v. 8, no. 4, p. 276-299, pis. 48-51.

Two genera of Marginellinae are recorded from formations of Pliocene 

age in the low latitudes of the eastern Pacific.

Coats, R. R., 1947a, Geology of northern Adak Island, Alaska: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Alaskan Volcano Inv., pt. 5 of rept. no. 2, Progress of investigations in 1946, p. 73-85.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 39

Includes the initial report of marine fossils of presumed late Tertiary 

age from the northern part of Adak Island.

Coats, R. R., 1947b, Reconnaissance geology of some western Aleutian Islands, 

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Alaskan Volcano Inv., pt 7 of rept. no. 2, Progress of investigations in 1946, p. 97-105.

The oldest fossiliferous sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age in this region 

occur on Adak Island on the east side of "Mount Adagdak" and on 

Amchitka Island about 2% miles west of Bast Cape.

Coats, R. R., 1956, Geology of northern Adak Island, Alaska: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 1028-C, p. 47-67.

Sandstone containing abundant fragments of marine fossils is considered 

to be of late Tertiary age because of the similarity of the fossil fragments 

to modern beach drift.

Cohen, Gaston, 1968, L'isthme de Bering et ses vicissitudes-paleogeographie et 

migrations: Sci. Progres-La Nature, No. 3399, p. 241-248.

The Bering Straits opened briefly during the late Miocene and again 

near the end of the Pliocene according to evidence of migrations of marine 

invertebrates (reference not seen).

Collom, R. E., 1918, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, and Santa 

Clara Counties [California]: California Mining Bur. Bull. 82 (Second 

Rept. State Oil and Gas Supervisor), p. 198-230.

Lists Pliocene mollusks from localities in basal conglomerate of the Fernando Formation in Cat Canyon area and 21 mollusks from a railroad cut 

half a mile north of Schuman (identifications by H. H. Dievendorff).

CONRAD, T. A., 1848, Fossil shells from Tertiary deposits on Columbia River, 

near Astoria [Oregon] : Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 2, v. 5, p. 432-433, 14 figs. 

[Reprinted in Ball, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 150-151.]

Fourteen species of mollusks from the Astoria Formation are described 

and illustrated by line drawings. The fossils are considered to be of Miocene age.

CONRAD, T. A., 1849, Fossils from northwestern America, in Dana, J. D., U.S. 

Bxplor. Exped. ***, 1838-1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes: v. 

10, app. p. 722-728; atlas, pis. 17-21. [Text reprinted in Dall. 1909, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 152-156.]

A brief description and illustration, by line drawings, of 33 new species 

of mollusks from the Astoria Formation near Astoria, Oreg. Notations on 

measurements and morphology of these specimens are added in brackets 

by Dana.

CONRAD, T. A., 1853a, Descriptions of new fossil shells of the United States: 

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Jour., new ser., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 273-276, pi. 24. 

[Reprinted in Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 159-161.]

Describes Qnathodon lecontei presumably from the Imperial Formation 

of Carrizo Creek, southeastern California.

CONRAD, T. A., 1853b, Notes on shells, with descriptions of new species: 

Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia Proc. for 1852, v. 6, no. 6 (Jan. 31, 1853), p. 

199-200. [Reprinted in Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 

158.]
Describes Ostrea titan from near San Luis Obispo, Calif. Proposed the 

new genus ScMzothaerus based upon Lutraria nuttalii.

'CONRAD, T. A., 1854, Descriptions of new fossil shells of the United States: 

Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia Jour., ser. 2, v. 2, no. 4, p. 299-300. 

Describes Ostrea vespertina from Pliocene strata in Imperial Valley.

Conrad, T. A., 1855a, Notes on the Miocene and post-Pliocene deposits of California with descriptions of two new fossil corals: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 7, p. 441.

Lists four species of mollusks from "Miocene" deposits at Santa Barbara [Santa Barbara Formation of late Pliocene to early Pleistocene age].

CONRAD, T. A., 1855b, Report of Mr. T. A. Conrad on the fossil shells 

collected in California by W. P. Blake, geologist of the expedition, under 

the command of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, U.S. Topographical Engineers, 1853, in app. to Preliminary Geological Report of W. P. Blake: U.S. 

33d Cong., 1st Sess., House Ex. Doc. 129, p. 5-20. [Reprinted in Dall, 

1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 163-171.]

Describes 12 new mollusks from Miocene strata northeast of Bakersfield, 

Calif., four from Pliocene strata at Carrizo Creek in southeast California, 

four from Miocene rocks in Monterey County, Calif., and one from an 

unspecified locality [Miocene?] presumably in the San Joaquin Valley. Several Eocene species from the San Diego area were believed by Conrad to 

be of Miocene age.

CONRAD, T. A., 1857a, Descriptions of the fossil shells, in Williamson, R. S., 

Report of explorations in California for railroad routes ***: U.S. 33d 

Cong., 2d Sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78 and House Ex. Doc. 91, v. 5, pt. 2, app. 

art. 2, p. 317-329, pis. 2-9. [Pac. R. R. Repts.]

First illustration of species described by Conrad in 1855. Includes 12 

new species and five genera from the Ocoya Creek locality in Kern 

County, four from the Pliocene strata of Carrizo Creek in Imperial 

County, four from Miocene rocks of Monterey County, and one speciea 

from Tulare Valley. Includes catalog of 59 marine mollusks named by 

Conrad from California Cenozoic deposits; a few are from Eocene strata 

in the San Diego area, others are from Pleistocene strata at San Pedro 

and Santa Barbara.

CONRAD, T. A., 1857b, Description of the Tertiary fossils collected on the 

survey [Williamson's survey], in Reports of explorations and surveys *** 

railroad *** from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: U.S. 33d 

Cong., 2d Sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78 and House Ex. Doc. 91, v. 6, pt. 2, p. 

69-73, pis. 2-5. [Reprinted in Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

59, p. 176-179.] [Pac. R. R. Repts.]

Describes new species of Miocene mollusks and figures 16 mollusks 

described, but not illustrated, in earlier publications.

CONRAD, T. A., 1857c, Description of three new genera; twenty-three new 

species middle Tertiary fossils from California, and one from Texas: Acad. 

Nat Sci. Philadelphia Proc. for 1856, v. 8, p. 312-316. [Reprinted in Dall, 

1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 173-175.]

Describes 22 new species of late Cenozoic mollusks from California, two 

of which may have been collected from Pleistocene strata at Santa Barbara, Calif.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 41

CONRAD, T. A., 1857d, Report on the paleontology of the survey [Parke'a 

survey], in Reports of explorations and surveys *** railroad *** from the 

Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: U.S. 33d Cong., 2d Sess., Senate 

Ex. Doc. 78 and House Ex. Doc. 91, v. 7, pt. 2, p. 189-196, pis. 1-10. 

[Reprinted in Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 180-185.] 

[Pac. R. R. Repts.]

Describes and illustrates new species from the Miocene and Pliocene of 

California; illustrates several previously described, but unillustrated, species.

CONRAD, T. A., 1862, Descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species of 

Tertiary and Recent shells: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 14, no. 6, 

p. 284-291.

The genus Lyropecten is represented by three species on the Pacific 

coast: L. estrellanus, L. crassicardo, described in this report, and L. volaeformis, a new name for Pallium estrellanum Conrad (Pacific Railroad 

Reports, v. 7, p. 191).

CONRAD, T. A., 1865a, Catalogue of the older Eocene.shells of Oregon: Am. 

Jour. Conchology, v. 1, p. 150-154. .

Proposes the new genus Priscofusus for six Neogene species from the 

Pacific coast. Assigns specific names to mollusks figured, but not named, in 

his 1849 report. Assigns mollusks from the Astoria Formation to the 

Eocene.

Conrad, T. A., 1865b, Observations on the Eocene Lignite formation of the 

United States: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 9, 2d ser., p. 70-73.

Assigns the Asotria Formation of Oregon to the Eocene on the basis of 

his identification of an Aturia from the formation as the European Eocene 

species A. ziczac.

Conrad, T. A., 1866, Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America: 

Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 7, no. 200, 41 p.

Assigns mollusks from the Astoria Formation of Oregon (Conrad, 1848, 

1849) to the Eocene.

Cooper, J. G., 1874, California in the Miocene epoch: California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 1, v. 5, p. 401-405.

A generalized account of Miocene paleogeography of California in which 

it is maintained that most of the Coast Ranges south of San Francisco 

were under water during this epoch. Ostrea titan found in the.Colorado 

River basin at an elevation of 1,000 feet is believed to indicate marine 

conditions during the Miocene at that time. Most of northern California 

was emergent during the Miocene.

Cooper, J. G., 1888, Catalogue of California fossils: California Mining Bur. 

Seventh Ann. Rept, p. 221-308.

Lists Cenozoic fossils from California with geologic range and geographical distribution. Many of the fossils are recorded for the first time from 

certain areas.

COOPER, J. G., 1894, Catalogue of Californian fossils, parts 2-5: California 

Mining Bur. Bull. .4, 65 p., 6 pis. [Plates reprinted by Yates, 1903, Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 2, no. 4, (pis. 1-4) ; no. 6 (pi. 5) ; no. 7 

(Pi. 6).
42 NEQGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Includes a 17-page bibliography of "fossil mollusca" [actually a list composed almost exclusively of reports on living mollusks]. Report includes 

supplementary list to his earlier catalog (1888). Describes and illustrates 

two new Miocene gastropods from Kern County, Calif., and illustrates four 

previously unfigured Miocene pelecypods from California.

Cope, B. D., 1880, Corrections of the geological maps of Oregon: Am. Naturalist, v. 14, p. 457-458.

In discussing unpublished notes of Prof. Thomas Condon, indicates argillaceous shales that contain invertebrate fossils (Astoria Formation) make 

up much of the Coast Range. Above it are extensive beds rich in mollusks 

that he named "Solen beds."

Corey, W. H., 1929, Fauna and stratigraphy of the Vaqueros formation in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 

Bull. v. 40, p. 261.

"The Vaqueros has a large fauna containing many new species, several 

of which are quite common. Some forms are apparently directly ancestral 

to Temblor species."

"Field work has also brought out some interesting facts concerning stratigraphic relationships of the Vaqueros formation in this region."

Corey, W. H.f 1935, Age of schist elastics, Venice district [California] [abs.] : 

Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 19, no. 12, p. 1842.

Fossil mollusks of late Miocene age have been recovered from cores in 

the Venice and Del Rey oil fields.

Corey, W. H., 1936, Age and correlation of schist-bearing elastics, Venice and 

del Rey fields, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, no. 

2, p. 150-154.

Lists Mytilus cf. M. mathewsoni Gabb, Ostrea sp., Pecten raymondi 

"brionia/nus Trask, Pecten crassicardo van, and Gatyptraea inomata 

(Gabb) from the schist-bearing sand and conglomerate of late Miocene age 

that unconformably overlie schist basement in three wells.

Corey, W. H., 1954, Tertiary basins of southern California, [pt] 8 in chap. 3 

of Jahns, R. H., ed., Geology of southern California: California Div. Mines 

Bull. 170, p. 73-83, 9 figs.

Includes a series of five paleogeographic maps of the Neogene based 

upon informal megafaunal time-stratigraphic units named "Vaquerosian," 

"Temblorian," "Montereyian," "Margaritian," and "Pliocene" that show 

shorelines, land areas, and areas of coarse clastic deposition. The stratigraphic range of formations is depicted on a stratigraphic chart which 

also shows the relative distribution of sea and land areas in southern California during the Neogene.

Cornwall, I. E., 19222, Some notes on the Sooke Formation, Vancouver Island, 

British Columbia: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 36, no. 7, p. 121-123.

A few previously described mollusks from the Sooke Formation, including fresh or brackish water taxa and fully marine taxa, are listed. Two of 

Clark and Arnold's (1923) new species are listed: CeritMdea newcombei 

and Goniolasis sookensis.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 43

Cornwall, I. E., 1927, Fossil Cirripedia from the upper Oligocene Sooke Formation of Vancouver Island, B.C. [Canada]: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 16, no. 9, p. 399-408, pis. 58, 59.

Barnacles in the Sooke Formation occur with Cyrena and Ostrea suggesting brackish water conditions.

Corwin, C. H., 1950, Kern Bluff oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 

36, no. 1, p. 15-17.

Shell fragments [presumably mollusks] are common in the Santa Margarita Formation at Kern Bluff field.

COSSMANN, A. E. M., 1895-1925*, Essais de paleoconchologie comparee, ***: 

Paris, Chez 1'auteur, [etc.], v. 1-13.

Includes several records of Pacific coast Miocene and Pliocene gastropods and initial designation of type species for certain Pacific coast 

genera.

Cox, A. V., Hopkins, D. M., and Dalrymple, G. B., 1966, Geomagnetic polarity 

epochs, Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77, no. 9, p. 

883-909.

Twenty-five mollusks from the basal sedimentary strata on St. George 

Island are indicative of assignment to the Beringian marine transgression 

which is of late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age. The mollusks were identified by F. S. MacNeil; a few are mentioned in MacNeil's discussion. The 

Bergingian strata are covered by volcanic flow rock dated at about 2.1 m.y.

Cox, K. W., 1962, California abalones, family Haliotidae: California Dept. Fish 

and Game Bull. 118,133 p., illus. 

Lists four Miocene species of Haliotis from California.

Cox, L. R., 1942, Neogene aspect of Vaqueros mollusks, in Schenck, H. G., and 

Childs, T. S., Jr., Significance of LepidocycUna (LepidocycUna) californica, 

new species, in the Vaqueros formation (Tertiary), California: Stanford 

Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 34-35.

It is not until the Burdigalian Stage in Europe that pectinids reach the 

size of Vaqueros species such as Pecten magnolia, P. miguelensis, P. ~bowersi, and P. perrini. Pecten vanvleclci seems to be an Amussiopecten; the 

earliest occurrence of the genus is in the upper Aquitanian of Europe. 

Ostrea vespertina loeli is very similar to the Burdigalian 0. verleti from 

the Mediterranean. The Turritella fauna of the Vaqueros does not support 

an Oligocene age. The general aspect of the fauna is Neogene, although 

the evidence is not very strong.

Crickmay, C. H., 1929, The anomalous stratigraphy of Deadman's Island, California : Jour. Geology, v. 37, p. 617-638.

Pseudamussium pedroanum (Trask) occours in Miocene? shale that is 

unconformably overlain by Pleistocene strata.

Crittenden, M. D., Jr., 1951, Geology of the San Jose-Mount Hamilton area, 

California: California Div. Mines Bull. 157, 74 p., 11 pis., 14 figs.

Lists five mollusks from the Temblor Formation including Bruclarkia 

oregonensis and Patinopecten propatulus. Three species are listed from the 

Briones Formation: P. propatulus, Spisula selbyenis'l, and Tivela merriami'i.
44 NEOCENE MARINE MO'LLUSKS

Cross, Hodman K., 1943, East Cat Canyon area of the Cat Canyon Oil Field! 

[California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 435-439.

A doubtfully identified fragment of Pecten andersoni is reported from a 

core recovered from the Monterey Shale.

Crowell, J. C., 1952a, Geology of the Lebec quadrangle, California: California 

. Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 24, 23 p., 2 pis., 10 figs.

Eleven mollusks from the Santa Margarita Formation northeast of the 

San Andreas fault identified by W. H. Corey are very similar to assemblages from the northern Tejon Hills in the southeastern part of the San> 

Joaquin Valley.

Crowell, J. C., 1952b, Geology of the Ridge Basin area, Los Angeles and Ventura Counties [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 170, Map Sheet 7, 

scales 1 in. = 2y2 miles approx.

The lowermost 2,000 ft of his Ridge Basin Group are marine and contain mollusks [not listed] of late Miocene age.

Crowell, J. C., 1960, Notes on the geology of the Whitaker Peak quadrangle,, 

southern California, in San Gabriel Fault, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section, Spring Field Trip, 1960: p. 1-4.

Turritella inezana, is reported from the Vaqueros Formation.

Crowell, J. C., Hope, R. A., Kahle, J. E., Ovenshine, A. T., and Sams, R. H.,. 

1966, Deep-water sedimentary structures, Pliocene Pico Formation, Santa 

Paula Creek, Ventura basin, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Rept.. 

89, 40 p.

Disarticulated valves of Macomal sp. and Semelel sp., about 2 cm irt 

diameter, occur with two preferred orientations: (1) imbricated with concave sides upward in a massive sandstone and (2) with concave sides, 

downward in laminated sandstone.

Cruess, W. V., 1914, Comparison of the oysters of the lower and upper horizons of the Miocene of the Muir syncline [California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. 

America Bull., v. 25, p. 154.

Large oysters indiscriminately identified as Ostrea titan represent two 

or three different species based upon details of internal morphology.

CUMMINGS, J. C., TOURING, R. M., and BRABB, E. E., 1962*, Geology of 

the northern Santa Cruz Mountains, California, in Bowen, O. E., Jr., ed.,. 

Geologic guide to the gas and oil fields of northern California: California 

Div. Mines Bull. 181, p. 179-220.

The definitive stratigraphic study of the marine Tertiary of the northern Santa Cruz Mountains. List four species characteristic of the lower 

Miocene Vaqueros Formation, six species from the lower Miocene Mindego 

Formation, one from the Monterey Formation, and 65 from the Pliocene 

Purisima Formation. The Purisima Formation is subdivided into five members ; many mollusks from it are illustrated. The Pliocene mollusks suggest 

deposition in relatively shallow water: 10-50 fathoms.

Cunningham, G. M., and Barbat, W. F., 1932, Age of producing horizon at Kettleman Hills, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 16, no. 

4, p. 417-^21.

Include a stratigraphic column of Miocene formations of type Temblor 

Formation, type Monterey Formation, North Beldridge area, Lost Hills-
BIBLIOGRAPHY 45

area and Kettleman Hills area; the three latter being well sections. Pecten 

andersoni, Turritella ocoyana, Turritella sp., and Ostrea sp. occur in subsurface units of middle Miocene age.

Curran, J. F., 1943, Eocene stratigraphy of Chico Martinez Creek area, Kern 

County, California: Ana. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 27, no. 10, p. 

1361-1386.

Lists six mollusks from his Phacoides sandstone, three from his Carneros Sandstone, and two from his upper Temblor Sandstone ("Button 

beds") on Chico Martinez Creek.

Cushman, J. A., and Laiming, Boris, 1931, Miocene foraininifera from Los 

Sauces Creek, Ventura County, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, 

p. 79-120.

Turritella, inezana Conrad was recovered from a core taken at 5,543 ft 

in the General Petroleum Corp. well Kerwin no. 1 (sec. 5, T. 30 S., R. 29- 

E.) in the Edison oil field. The identification was by W. H. Corey. Turritella ocoyana is reported from a 4,000-foot sequence of Miocene strata at 

Goat Spring (sees. 32 and 33, T. 12 N., R. 27 W., San Luis Obispo County.

Cushman, J. A., and LeRoy, L. W., 1938, A microfauna from the Vaqueros Formation, lower Miocene, Simi Valley, Ventura County, California: Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 117-126.

List 35 species of mollusks from Vaqueros Formation localities of the 

South Oak Ridge area identified by W. H. Corey. A map and columnar 

section show the occurrence of six molluscan zones (named by Corey) in 

1,470-foot section of Vaqueros Formation. A foraminiferal assemblage in. 

middle of section seems to be of late Zemorrian age, comparable to the 

lower part of the Rincon Shale.

DALL, W. H., 1874, Notes on some Tertiary fossils from the California coast, 

with a list of the species obtained from a well at San Diego, Calif., with, 

descriptions of two new species: California Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 5, p. 

296-299.

Lists an assemblage of 69 megafossils from a well drilled in Balboa 

Park, "the San Diego well," considered to be of Pliocene age. DescribesChrysodomus diegoensis.

DALL, W. H., 1879a, Fossil mollusks from later Tertiaries of California: U.S. 

Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 1, p. 10-16.

Lists 114 Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks from localities at San Diega 

and at Santa Barbara, the latter being of probable early Pleistocene age. 

Species from the San Diego well are indicated separately. Six new species 

of Pliocene age are described from exposures at Pacific Beach, San Diego.

Dall, W. H., 1879b, Distribution of Californian Tertiary fossils: U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Proc., v. 1, p. 26-30.

Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil assemblages from the San Diego peninsula and from the mainland are listed separately, supplementing the earlier list in which the assemblages were lumped (Dall, 1879a). Thirteen 

species of Pliocene age are recorded from Pacific Beach.

Dall, W. H., 1882, Note on Alaska Tertiary deposits: Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, v. 

24, no. 139, p. 67-68. 

468-965 72 4
46 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Brown sandstone along the coast of Alaska contains extinct fossils (Crepidula, Mytilus, and Ostrea) which are comparable to Miocene mollusks 

from California. One deposits on St. Paul Island may be younger than 

these.

DALL, W. H., 1890, Conchological notes from Oregon: Nautilus, v. 4, no. 8, p. 

87-89.

Marine fossils in Pliocene beds at Shoal water Bay, Wash., conformably 

underlying Quaternary strata include Buccinum cyaneum and other northern forms indicating cooler climate than at present. Mytilus condoni is 

described as a new species characterized by a few, strong, divaricating 

ridges extending from about the middle of the valve toward the posterior 

extremity.

Dall, W. H., 1896, Report on coal and lignite of Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey 

17th Ann. Kept., pt. 1, p. 763-875.

An assemblage of 46 mollusks from the "Astoria group" of Alaska is 

correlated with sandstones and shales at Astoria, Oreg. Alaskan Miocene 

water temperatures were warmer than at present. The fossils are from 

Lituya Bay, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Aleutian chain. A cool water 

Pliocene fauna occurs at Shoalwater Bay, Wash.; Pliocene fossils are recorded from the St. Elias Alps, southeast Alaska.

Dall, W. H., 1898, A table of North American Tertiary horizons, correlated 

with one another and with those of Western Europe, with annotations: 

U.S. Geol. Survey 18th Ann. Kept, pt. 2, p. 327-348. [First published as 

House Doc. 5, U.S. 55th Gong., 2d Sess., 1897.]

The initial recognition of Oligocene strata on the Pacific coast. Most of 

the Astoria Formation and the Tunnel Point Sandstone of Oregon coast 

were included in the Oligocene.

Dall, W. H., 1899, The mollusk fauna of the Pribilof Islands: The Fur Seals 

and Fur Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, pt. Ill, p. 539-546.

Lists 35 mollusks collected by Stanley-Brown from "horizontal layers of 

a hard claystone" on St. Paul Island. The list is derived mainly from Dall 

(1896). Fragments of bivalves (Saxicaval) are reported to have been collected on Bering Island of the Commander Islands by Stejneger.

DALL, W. H., 1890-1903, Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida, with 

especial reference to the Miocene silex beds of Tampa and the Pliocene 

beds of the Caloosahatchie River: Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., v. 3, pts. 

1-6, 1654 p., 60 pis. 1890, pt. 1, p. 1-200, pis. 1-12. 1892, pt. 2, p. 201-473, 

pis. 13-22. 1895, pt. 3, p. 474-570. 1898, pt. 4, p. 571-947, pis. 23-35 

1900, pt. 5, p. 948-1218, pis. 37-^7 1903, pt 6, p. 1219-1654, pis. 48-60.

Contains descriptions of a few new species from California and Washington. Illustrations and incidental taxonomic observations on other Pacific 

coast species are also included. Includes a review of Pacific coast pectinids.

DALL, W. H., 1900, A new species of Lima : Nautilus, v. 14, no. 2, p. 15-16.

Describes Lima hamlmi from Pliocene rocks exposed in the Third Street 

Tunnel, Los Angeles [Calif.].

Dall, W. H., 1901, Synopsis of the Lucinacea and of the American species: 

U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 23, p. 779-833, pis. 39-42'
BIBLIOGRAPHY 47

Discusses Miocene and Pliocene records of two species of Thyasira from 

California.

DALL, W. H., 1904, Neozoic invertebrate fossils, a report on collections made 

by the expedition, in Harriman Alaska Expedition, v. IV (Geology and 

Paleontology) : New York, Doubleday, Page and Co., p. 99-122, pis. 9, 10. 

[Reprinted by Smithsonian Inst, 1910.]

Six new species of Miocene mollusks from Unga Island are described 

and illustrated. Thirty-one Miocene mollusks are recorded from Unga 

Island and Popof Island. These assemblages are correlated with the Miocene fauna from Astoria, Oreg. Mollusks from the Stepovak Series of 

Palache (1904) considered to be of Eocene age are now considered to 

belong to the Oligocene Acila shumardi zone (MacNeil and others, 1961). 

Thirty-two taxa, including 10 newly described mollusks from the Upper 

Beds, are recorded.

DALL, W. H., 1907a, Notes on some upper Cretaceous Volutidae with descriptions of new species and a revision of the groups to which they belong: 

Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 50, pt. 1, no. 1704, 23 p.

Contains a discussion of Volutoderma indurata (Conrad) from the Astoria Formation and intial description of the Pliocene species Hiopleiona 

oregonensis Dall, both from coastal Oregon.

DALL, W. H., 1907b, On climatic condtions at Nome, Alaska, during the Pliocene, and on a new species of Pecten from the Nome gold-bearing gravels : Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, v. 23, no. 138, p. 457-458,1 fig.

Pecten liocius is described from marine gravel believed to be of Pliocene 

age from near Nome. A few associated molluks suggest water temperatures warmer than occur at this latitude today.

DALL, W. H., 1908, Another large Miocene Scala: Nautilus, v. 22, no. 7, p. 

80-81.

Foxir species of Epitonium, including E. atwoo&i n. sp., are recorded 

from upper Tertiary strata of the Alaska Peninsula and Shumagin 

Islands, Alaska.

Dall, W. H., 1909a, Biographical memoir of William More Gabb, 1839-1878: 

Natl. Acad. Sci., Biog. Mem., v. 6, p. 347-361. 

Gabb's paleontologic studies and fieldwork in California are described.

DALL, W. H., 1909b, Contributions to the Tertiary paleontology of the Pacific 

Coast, I. The Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 59, 278 p., 23 pis.

An important reference on systematic paleontology of the middle Miocene Astoria Formation and the Pliocene Empire Formation. There are 

many descriptions of new Pliocene species from the collection of B. H. 

Camman. Two cancellariids of Pliocene age from California are described. 

There is a useful bibliography of reports on post-Eocene mollusks of the 

Pacific coast (25 p.) and reprinted descriptions of new species from several earlier reports on Pacific coast mollusks, mostly by T. A. Conrad.

Dall, W. H., 1909c, Material toward a bibliography of publications on the 

post-Eocene marine mollusks of the northwest coast of America, 

1865-1908, Appendix 13, in Dall, W. H., Contributions to the Tertiary
48 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

paleontology of the Pacific coast ***: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 

192-216.

Includes bibliographic citations to reports dealing with Miocene and Pliocene Mollusks.

Dall,'W.-H., 1915, A review of some bivalve shells of the group Anatinacea. 

from the west coast of America: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 49, no. 2116, p.. 

441-456.

Four Miocene and Pliocene species of Thracia have been described from, 

the Pacific coast.

DALL, W. H., 1917, Summary of the mollusks of the family Alectrionidae of 

the west coast of America: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 51, no. 2166, p575-579.

Alectrion grammatus is described from Pleistocene exposures [Pliocene]' 

at Santa Barbara, Calif.

Dall, W. H., 1918, Notes on Chrysodomus and other mollusks from the North* 

Pacific Ocean: U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull., v. 54, no. 2234, p. 207-234. 

Exilia is represented in the Pliocene of California.

Dall, W. H., 1919, On some Tertiary fossils from the Pribiloff Islands- 

[Alaska] : Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-3.

Forty-four mollusks of Pliocene age are identified from localities at Tolstoi Point, St. Paul Island, and Tolstoi Point, St. George Island.

DALL, W. H., 1920, Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils from the Arctic coast of 

Canada and the auriferous beaches of Nome, Norton Sound, Alaska: U.S.. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 125-C, p. 23-37, 2 pis.

Includes lists of Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks from 22 localities, 

mostly from near Nome but with a few from the Arctic coast. Fifteen new 

species of mollusks are described and illustrated. A few previouslydescribed mollusks are also illustrated. A "more free connection probablyexisted in Pliocene time between the North Atlantic and the Bering Searegions" (p. 25). Miocene climate was much cooler than during the Eocene. 

During the Pliocene the climate seems to have become more moderatejudging by the marine fauna.

Dall, W. H., 1921a, Summary of the marine shell-bearing mollusks of thenorthwest coast of America ***: U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 112, 217 p., 22 pis.

A very useful resume of original bibliographic citations and geographicrange data for the modern molluscan fauna of the Pacific coast. There areexcellent line drawings of many species that have pre-Quaternary records. 

Trans-Arctic migration of Pacific and Atlantic mollusks occurred during: 

late Tertiary periods of warmer marine climate than today. Several mollusks from the Bering Sea are found as fossils in the Pliocene of Nantucket and Iceland.

DALL, W. H., 1921b, Two new Pliocene pectens from Nome, Alaska: Nautilus,. 

v. 34, no. 3, p. 76-77.

Pecten hallae and P. ryhtidus are described from a buried Pliocenebeach deposit near Nome. These and five other mollusks suggest a warmer 

marine climate than occurs in this area today.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 49

."Ball, W. H., 1922, Fossils of the Olympic Peninsula [Washington] : Am. Jour. 

Sci., ser. 5, v. 4, p. 305-314.

A critical commentary upon report by Reagan (1909) on mollusks of the 

Clallam and Quillayute Formations of the Olympic Peninsula. Many of 

Reagan's specific determinations and generic assignments were changed or 

corrected.

."BALL, W. H., 1925*, Illustrations of unfigured types of shells in the collections of the United States National Museum: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 66, 

art. 17, p. 1-41, pis. 1-36. 

Lima Jiamlini from "Pliocene clays of Los Angeles' [Calif.] is figured.

-Dall, W. H., and Harris, G. D., 1892, .Correlation papers: Neocene: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 84, 349 p.

Includes a review of paleontologic studies on the Tertiary of the Pacific 

coast with stratigraphic data. There are a few lists of fossils including a 

list of 46 mollusks from the "Astoria group" of Alaska (based on 12 localities). An index map shows the known distribution of Neogene formations 

in Alaska.

Dana, J. D., 1849, On Oregon and Northern California, in U.S. Explor. Exped. 

***, 1838-1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes: v. 10, chap. 17, p. 

611-675.

Shale near Astoria, Oreg., contains many kinds of mollusks that are 

regarded by T. A. Conrad as of Miocene age. Three species, Nucula divaricata, Lucina acutilineata, and Natica saxea, closely resemble Miocene species from the Northern Atlantic.

Darton, N. H., 1921, Geologic reconnaissance in Baja California: Jour. Geology, v. 29, p. 720-748.

Lists fossils characteristic of the California Miocene from localities In 

the vicinity of San Ignacio and La Purisima, Baja California. Included 

are Pecten crassicardo and Turritella ocoyana. Monterey beds 500 ft thick 

contain the above species; overlying yellow beds of the same thickness 

contain fossils that suggest a late Miocene age.

Davies, A. M., 1929, Faunal migrations since the Cretaceous period: Geol. 

Assoc. London Proc., v. 40, pt. 4, p. 307-327.

Postulates migration of marine invertebrates from the North Pacific 

through the Arctic into the North Atlantic during the late Miocene or 

early Pliocene based on Acila, Searlesia, Cochlotlesma, Pholadidea, Mya, 

and other mollusks. These genera appear in the Pliocene or Quaternary 

of the British Isles but have pre-Pliocene records in the North Pacific.

Davies, A. M., 1934, Tertiary faunas; a text-book for oilfield paleontologists 

and students of geology, v. II The sequence of Tertiary faunas: London, 

Thomas Murby and Co., 252 p., illus.

A few molluscan genera of modern aspect in Oligocene faunas of the 

North Pacific suggest that certain formations such as the San Ramon 

might be better dated as Miocene. Climatic zones were well established 

along the Pacific coast by the early Miocene. Many new warm-water species, probably of Caribbean-Mediterranean derivation, appear in the fauna 

of the Vaqueros Formation. There is an increase in taxonomic diversity of 

mollusks during the middle Miocene. Late Miocene and early Pliocene
50 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

faunal migration from the North Pacific into the Atlantic probably followed a route along the Arctic coast of North America; at least one species of mollusk may have migrated in the opposite direction from Western Euorpe to Japan. Temperature contrasts between molluscan faunas 

along the Pacific coast are much greater during the Pliocene than during 

earlier periods.

DAVIES, A. M., 1935* Tertiary faunas; a text-book for oilfield paleontologists 

and students of geology, v. 1. The composition of Tertiary faunas: London, 

Thomas Murby and Co., 406 p., illus.

Reference is made to some Neogene species from the Pacific Coast of 

North America. Two Miocene gastropods from the Pacific coast, Holopophorus and BruclarJcia, are figured. Volume II was issued prior to volume I.

Daviess, S. N., and Woodford, A. O., 1949, Geology of the northwestern Puente 

Hills, Los Angeles, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. 

Map 83.

About 60 species of mollusks of late Pliocene age occur in collections 

from the Pico Formation at the north edge of the Whittier Hills.

DAVIS, C. H., 1913, New species from the Santa Lucia Mountains, California, 

with a discussion of the Jurassic age of the Slate's Springs: Jour. Geology, v. 21, no. 5, p. 453-458, figs. 1-7.

Tellina tenuistriata is described as a new species from the "Lower Temblor" near the headwaters of the San Antonio River, Monterey County, 

Calif.

Dawson, G. M., 1880, Report on the Queen Charlotte Islands [Canada]: 

Canada Geol. Survey Rept. Prog, for 1878-79, p. 1-239.

Lists Miocene mollusks from near Skon-un Point identified by J. F. Whiteaves.

Dawson, G. M., 1894, Geological notes on some of the coasts and islands of 

Bering Sea and vicinity [Alaska]: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 5, p. 117-146. 

"Marine Miocene fossils" occur on Atka Island. "Upper Miocene (Astoria Group of Dall)" and "post-Pliocene" fossils occur on St. Paul Island.

Dehlinger, Peter, 1952, Geology of the southern Ridge basin, Los Angeles 

County, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 26, 11 p.

The mollusks from the upper Miocene Modelo Formation identified by J. 

W. Durham are recorded.

DeLise, K. C., 1967, Biostratigraphy of the San Emigdio Formation, Kern 

County, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 68, 67 p. 

Fragments of Ostrea sp. occur near the base of the Vaqueros Formation.

Denton, G. H., and Armstrong, R. L., 1969, Miocene-Pliocene glaciations in 

southern Alaska: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 267, p. 1121-1142.

The Yakataga Formation contains mollusks suggesting deposition under 

cool conditions; marine tillities occur well below mollusks of late Miocene 

age in this formation. Marine tillities on Middleton Island are of late Pliocene and early to middle Pleistocene age based on their molluscan 

faunas. Molluscan assemblages underlying the Miocene marine tillities suggest subtropical and temperate climates.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1950, Geology of southwestern Santa Barbara County, California ; Point Arguello, Lornpoc, Point Conception, Los Olivos, and Gaviota 

quadrangles: California Div. Mines Bull. 150, 95 p.

Lists nine mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation, five from the Tranquillon Formation, and 12 from the Careaga Sand. Includes a correlation 

chart of molluscan zones and stages and foraminiferal stages.

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1952, Point Conception northeastward, in Redwine, L. E., 

chm., and others, Cenozoic correlation section paralleling north and south 

margins [of the] western Ventura basin from Point Conception to Ventura 

and Channel Islands, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the Geologic Names and Correlations Committee, 2 sheets. 

Pecten magnolia occurs in the Vaqueros Formation.

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1961, Geologic features of the San Emigdio Mountains,. 

Kern County, California: Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists-Soc. 

Econ. Geologists-Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Sec. and San 

Joaquin Geol. Soc., Guidebook, Spring field trip, 1961, p. 2-25.

Pecten andersoni? occurs in the middle Miocene, Pecten estrellanus and 

Ostrea titan occur in the upper Miocene "Santa Margarita" [Formation].

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1966a, Geology of the Central Santa Ynez Mountains,. 

Santa Barbara County, California: California Div. Mines and Geology 

Bull. 186, 99 p.

Lists assemblages of five mollusks each from the Miocene Vaqueros and 

Temblor Formations. Other mollusks are recorded from the Pliocene Careaga Sandstone and "Pico" Formation, as well as from the Pliocene and 

Pleistocene Santa Barbara Formation.

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1966b, Geology of the Palo Alto quadrangle, Santa Clara 

and San Mateo Counties, California: California Div. Mines Map Sheet 8.

An unnamed sandstone overlying the Page Mill Basalt contains molluscan assemblages indicative of middle Miocene age near Stanford University and late(?) Miocene age near Stevens Creek. The Merced (?) Formation contains abundant shallow water molluscan fossils near Felt Lake.

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1967, Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert,. 

California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 522,153 p.

Early Miocene mollusks occur in the Cajon Pass area at the eastern 

edge of the San Gabriel Mountains. Late Miocene mollusks occur in the 

Quail Lake Formation at the western edge of Antelope Valley.

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., and Chesterman, C. W., 1953, Geology of the Breckenridge 

Mountain quadrangle, California: California Div. Mines Bull. 168, 56 p.

The Bena Formation, a dominantly terrestrial unit, contains a few indeterminate marine pelecypods. The formation grades laterally into the 

Olcese Sand and is, therefore, considered to be of middle Miocene age.

Dickerson, R. E., 1914, The Martinez and Tejon Eocene and associated formations of the Santa Ana Mountains [California] : California Univ. Pubs., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 11, p. 257-274.

lists eight mollusks from the Turritclla inezana zone and 24 species 

fro:n the Turritella ocoyana zone
-52 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Dickerson, R. E., 1917a, Ancient Panama Canals: California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 7, no. 8, p. 197-205.

The Pliocene fauna of Carrizo Creek, Imperial County, Calif., is related 

to molluscan faunas of the Atlantic Ocean. A late Tertiary assemblage 

(four species of probable Miocene age) from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, suggests a seaway across Panama because all of the taxa are conspecific with Atlantic mollusks.

Dickerson, B. E., 1917b, Climate and its influence upon the Oligocene faunas of 

the Pacific Coast, with descriptions of some new species from the MolopO' 

phorus lincolnesis zone: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 7, no. 6, p. 

157-192, pis. 27-31.

Lists characteristic species from the Acila gettysburgensis zone (from 

Weaver, 1916). This zone represents a cooling of marine climate perhaps 

related to opening of the Bering Straits.

Dickerson, B. E., 1918, Mollusca of the Carrizo Creek beds and their Caribbean 

affinities [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 29, p. 148.

Mollusks collected by Kew, Buwalda, and English confirm earlier conclusions by T. W. Vaughan, based upon corals, that the fauna has strong 

Caribbean afiinities. Many species are identical to species characteristic of 

the Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama.

Dickerson, B. E., 1922, Tertiary and Quaternary history of the Petaluma, 

Point Beyes and Santa Bosa quadrangles [California]: California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 11, no. 19, p. 527-601.

Two brackish water mollusks occur in his Petaluma Formation. Lists 38 

mollusks from localities in the Merced Formation, most of them from the 

Freestone and Wilson Banch localities.

Dickert, P. F., 1966, Tertiary phosphatic facies of the Coast Ranges [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 180, p. 289-304.

A review of Tertiary occurrences of phosphatic pebbles and nodules, 

most of which are of middle Miocene age. All occurrences are correlated 

with the provincial benthonic foraminiferal chronology; a few with the 

molluscan sequence. Some of the Pliocene occurrences are phosphatized 

internal molds of marine mollusks.

Dickinson, W. B., 1963, Tertiary stratigraphic sequence of the Hancock Banch 

area, Monterey and Kings Counties, California, in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas Valley and the San Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. 

Field Trip, 1963, p. 47-53.

Lists 24 mollusks from a lower sandstone member of the Temblor Formation ; identifications are by A. M. Keen.

Dickinson, W. R., 1966a, Structural relationships of San Andreas fault system, 

Cholame Valley and Castle Mountain Range, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77, no. 7, p. 707-726. 

Pecten andersoni occurs in Miocene sandstone near Parkfield.

Dickinson, W. R., 1966b, Table Mountain serpentinite extrusion in California 

Coast Ranges: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77, no. 5, p. 451-472.

Four middle Miocene mollusks and one Pliocene mollusk are recorded in 

a stratigraphic column for the Table Mountain-Turkey Flat area.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 53

Dickinson, W. R., 1969, Miocene stratigraphic sequence on upper Sespe Creek 

and Pine Mountain [California], in Dickinson, W. R., chm., Soc. Econ. 

Mineralogists and Paleontologists, Pacific Coast Section, 1969 Field Trip 

[Guidebook], Upper Sespe Creek: p. 49-55, illus.

Seven mollusks are recorded from the Vaqueros Formation, four from 

the Monterey Formation, and seven from the Santa Margarita Formation.

Dickinson, W. R., and Lowe, D. R., 1966, Stratigraphic relations of phosphateand gypsum-bearing upper Miocene strata, upper Sespe Creek, Ventura 

County, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 50, no. 11, p. 

2464-2470.

A few mollusks are reported from Miocene Formations exposed in theupper Sespe Creek area: Vaqueros Formation, Monterey Formation, Santa 

Margarita Formation.

Diller, J. S., 1896, A geological reconnaissance in northwestern Oregon: U.S. 

Geol. Survey 17th Ann. Rept, pt. 1, p. 441-520.

Miocene and Pliocene fossil localities along the Oregon coast are shownon an index map. Molluscan assemblages are recorded from many areas: 

Oligocene [Miocene, Astoria Formation] from Short Beach, Clatsop County 

and near the mouth of Tillamook River, Miocene [Astoria and Scappoose 

Formations] from northwestern Oregon, and Miocene [Pliocene, Empire 

Beds] from Coos Bay.

Diller, J. S., 1901, Description of the Coos Bay quadrangle, Oregon: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Geol. Atlas, Folio 73, 5 p.

The Empire Formation contains numerous marine fossils characteristic 

of the Miocene. It extends from Coos Bay southward to beyond Seven 

Devils in a narrow coastal strip. The overlying fossiliferous strata exposed 

at Fossil Rock are considered to be Pleistocene by W. H. Dall.

Diller, J. S., 1902, Topographic development of the Klamath Mountains [California and Oregon] : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 196, p. 1-69, pis. 1-13.

Miocene and Pliocene fossiliferous strata occur at Cape Blanco, Oreg. 

Pliocene mollusks, identified by W. H. Dall, are recorded from Crescent 

City, 13 miles east of Crescent City [Wymer Beds], Mad River, and Bel 

River. Miocene oysters are reported from Salt Creek near Round Valley, 

Calif. (T. 21 N., R. 13 W.). Shows a "Neocene" shoreline in northwest California and southwest Oregon.

Diller, J. S., 1903, Description of the Port Orford Quadrangle, Oregon: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Folio 89, 6 p.

Fossils are very abundant in the Empire Formation which is considered 

by W. H. Dall to be of Miocene age.

Dodds, B. R., 1963, The relocation of geologic locales in Astoria, Oregon: Ore 

Bin, v. 25, no. 7, p. 113-128.

A review of geological studies in and near Astoria, Oreg., including a 

list of fossil localities keyed to an index map showing present and past 

street names in Astoria. Thirty-four localities are listed together with 

comments on their present condition.

Doell, E. C., 1943, Trico gas field [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

p. 551-552.

A series of three My a zones occurs in the "San Joaquin clays."
-54 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Doerner, D. P., 1969, Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of southwestern Santa 

Cruz Island [California], in Weaver, D. W., ed., Geology of the Northern 

Channel Islands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists and Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Spec. Pub., p. 17-29.

Lyropecten, Rapana vaquerosensis, and Turritella inezana occur in cobble conglomerate unconformably overlying lower Tertiary strata in the 

southwestern part of Santa Cruz Island.

/Dolman, S. G., 1938, Capitan oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 24, 

no. 2, p. 15-26.

Fragments of Pecten magnolia and Turritella inezana have been recovered from cores of the Vaqueros Formation.

 Dosch, M. W., 1967, Sespe oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 53, 

no. 1, p. 39-53.

Sandy limestone beds in the lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation contain 

numerous oyster shells.

Dott, R. H., Jr., 1962, Geology of the Cape Blanco area, southwest Oregon: Ore 

Bin, v. 24, no. 8, p. 121-133.

Three mollusks of probable Miocene age [Pliocene] occur in poorly consolidated sandstone exposed along the coast lJ/£ miles southeast of Port 

Orford.

Dougherty, J. F., 1940, A new Miocene mammalian fauna from Caliente Mountain, Calif.: Carnegie Inst Washington Pub. 514 (Contr. Paleontology, 

VIII), p. 109-143.

Middle Miocene mollusks occur in a 1,500-foot section of unnamed sandstone below the upper Triple Basalt. The mollusks are correlated with 

nonmarine vertebrates occurring in this section.

Drewes, Harald, Fraser, G. D., Snyder, G. L., and Barnett, H. F., Jr., 1961, Geology of Unalaska Island and adjacent insular shelf, Aleutian Islands, 

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1028-G, p. 583-676.

The upper part of the Unalaska Formation is believed to be of early 

Miocene age based upon the remains of a desmostylid and specimens of 

Mya cf. H. truncata.

Dunnill, R. M., and Coan, E. V., 1968, A new species of the genus Maooma 

(Pelecypoda) from west American coastal waters, with comments on Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791) : Canada Natl. Mus., Nat. History Paper 43, 

19 p., 10 figs.

The Pliocene origin of Macoma eUmata n. sp. and isolation, at that time, 

from H. calcarea are discussed. The genus Macoma probably originated in 

the North Pacific basin; M. calcarea has a longer geologic record in the 

Pacific than in the Atlantic.

Durham, D. L., 1963, Geology of the Reliz Canyon, Thompson Canyon, and San 

Lucas quadrangles, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

1141-Q, p. Q1-Q41.

Nine mollusks are recorded from an unnamed Pliocene formation [later 

included in Pancho Rico Formation] ; identifications are by E. J. Moore.

Durham, D. L., 1964, Geology of the Cosio Knob and Espinosa Canyon quadrangles, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1161-H, p, 

H1-H29.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 55

Six rnollusks are recorded from an unnamed Pliocene formation [later 

included in Pancho Rico Formation] ; identifications are by B. J. Moore.

Durham, D. L., 1965a, Evidence of large strike-slip displacement along a fault 

in the southern Salinas Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

525-D, p. D106-D111.

Late Miocene and early Pliocene megafossil localities are shown on a 

geologic map of part of the Bradley and Adelaida quadrangles, San Luis 

Obispo County.

Durham, D. L., 1965b, Geology of the Jolon and Williams Hill quadrangles,

Monterey County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1181-Q, p. Q1-Q27.

Lyropecten magnolia occurs in the Vaqueros Formation. Twenty-three

mollusks are listed from an unnamed Pliocene formation [Pancho Rico

Formation].

Durham, D. L., 1966, Geology of the Hames Valley, Wunpost, and Valleton 

quadrangles, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

1221-B, 53 p.

Lists two mollusks from the Monterey Shale and 66 mollusks from the 

lower Pliocene Pancho Rico Formation.

Durham, D. L., 1968a, Geologic map of the Adelaida quadrangle, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-768.

Late Miocene marine mollusks occur in the Santa Margarita Formation; 

early Pliocene marine mollusks occur in the Pancho Rico Formation.

Durham, D. L., 1968b, Geology of the Tierra Redonda Mountain and Bradley 

quadrangles, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 1255, 60 p.

Seven molluscan taxa are recorded from the Vaqueros Formation, five 

from the Santa Margarita Formation, and 28 from the Pancho Rico Formation ; identifications are by W. 0. Addicott.

Durham, D. L., and Addicott, W. O., 1964, Upper Miocene and Pliocene marine 

stratigraphy in southern Salinas Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 1194-E, p. E1-E7.

The upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation in the southern Salinas 

Valley area is characterized by the giant oyster Crassostrea titan. The 

overlying Pancho Rico Formation contains a large molluscan fauna of 

early Pliocene age. Ten mollusks that are characteristic of the California 

Pliocene are listed from the Pancho Rico.

DURHAM, D. L., and ADDICOTT, W. O., 1965*, Pancho Rico Formation, Salinas Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 524-A, p. A1-A22, 

5 pis.

An early Pliocene molluscan fauna of about 120 taxa consists largely of 

species not previously reported from the Salinas Valley area. Many of the 

mollusks are illustrated; a few are undescribed. Shallow-water assemblages indicate marine climate warmer than occurs at this latitude today. 

Fossil localities are listed and are shown on a generalized geologic map. 

Eight mollusks are listed from exposures of the underlying upper Miocene 

Santa Margarita Formation in Vineyard Canyon.
56 NEOCENE MARINE MQLLUSKS

Durham, D. L., and Yerkes, B. F., 1964, Geology and oil resources of the eastern Puente Hills area, southern California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

420-B, p. B1-B62.

Molluscan assemblages are recorded from the Topanga Formation, the 

lower member of the Fernando Formation, and the upper member of the 

Fernando Formation.

DURHAM, J. W., 1937, Gastropods of the family Epitoniidae from Mesozolc 

and Cenozoic rocks of the West Coast of North America, including onenew species by F. E. Turner and one by R. A. Bramkamp: Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 479-512, pis. 56-57.

Description and classification of about 30 epitoniids of Miocene and Pliocene age from Mexico to Alaska. Included are eight newly described taxa. 

A chart shows the stratigraphic occurrence of species; a key to epitoniid 

genera and subgenera is included.

Durham, J. W., 1942a, Eocene and Oligocene coral faunas of Washington: 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 84-104.

Restudy of molluscan species in the fauna of the Sooke Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (lat 48.5° N.), considered by Clark and' 

Arnold (1923) to be analogous to living species, suggests latitudinal equivalence to molluscan assemblages now living in the latitude of San Francisco, California (lat 38° N.). The analysis was based on the median-ofmidpoints method of Keen (1937).

DURHAM, J. W., 1942b*, Notes on Pacific coast Galeodeas: Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 16, no. 2, p. 183-191, pis. 29-30.

Echinophoria apta occurs consistently above B. rex in the upper part of 

the Twin River Formation. The uppermost part of the Twin River Formation containing E. apta is younger than the fauna of the type Blakeley 

Formation near Seattle. "Galeodea" petrosa is not related to E. apta and 

E. rex.

Durham, J. W., 1943, Pacific Coast Cretaceous and Tertiary corals: Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 196-202.

Area sisquocensis Reinhart, var. occurs in an unnamed formation of 

"late Pliocene or Pleistocene" age at Little River Beach State Park 

(Moonstone Beach), Humboldt County, Calif.

DURHAM, J. W., 1944, Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern 

Washington: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 27, no. 5, p. 

101-211, pis. 13-18.

The definitive report on Oligocene and lower Miocene biostratigraphy of 

western Washington. Lists 19 "Miocene" fossils from the Clallam Formation and about 40 species each from his EcJiinophoria apta zone in the 

upper part of the Twin River Formation and from rocks near Seattle correlated with the Sooke Formation. Describes four new molluscan taxa 

from lower Miocene formations. Included are a stratigraphic column, geologic sketch maps, and a chart showing generalized phylogenies of stratigraphically important molluscan genera.

Durham, J. W., 1948a, Age of post Mint Canyon beds [California] [abs.]: 

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 59, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1386.

The Modelo(?) Formation of Kew in the eastern Ventura basin, California, includes many mollusks indicative of late Miocene age and of correla-
BIBLIOGRAPHY 57

tion with the Cierbo and Neroly Formations of the Mount Diablo area of 

central California. Eleven mollusks are recorded from this formation.

Durham, J. W., 1948b, Relationship of California Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene vertebrate and invertebrate faunas [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., 

v. 59, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1386.

The Mint Canyon vertebrate fauna is pre-upper Neroly in terms of the 

Pacific coast molluscan chronology. The Clarendonian Age of the vertebrate scale includes the Briones, Cierbo, and Neroly ["Stages"] of the molluscan chronology.

Durham, J. W., 1950a, Cenozoic marine climates of the Pacific Coast: Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 61, no. 11, p. 1243-1264.

The definitive analysis of Cenozoic marine climate of the Pacific coast. 

During the Miocene and the Pliocene the marine climate was significantly 

warmer than today according to analysis of shallow water mollusks and 

corals. Marine climate cooled gradually during the Neogene, possibly with 

minor oscillations.

DURHAM, J. W., 1950b, Megascopic paleontology and marine stratigraphy, pt. 

II, p. 1-216 in 1940 E. W. Scripps Cruise to the Gulf of California: Geol. 

Soc. America Mem. 43, 48 pis.

Catalog of Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks collected during the E. W. 

Scripps 1940 Cruise in the Gulf of California. Many new species are described and illustrated. There is an extensive discussion of the origin and 

modern affinities of the Gulf of California molluscan province. The age of 

the Imperial Formation (and San Marcos Formation) is revised from 

early Miocene to early Pliocene. Faunal units in the Gulf are correlated 

with fossiliferous sections from Southern California, the outer coast of 

Baja California, Colorado Desert, Panama, and Ecuador.

Durham, J. W., 1953, Miocene at Cape Blanco, Oregon [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 64, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1504-1505.

An unconformity within the Empire Formation of Diller (1903) separates a fauna containing Mytilus middendorffi and other mollusks of middle Miocene age from an overlying fauna containing mollusks 

characteristic of the type Empire Formation of early Pliocene age. Five 

middle Miocene mollusks are listed.

Durham, J. W., 1954, The marine Cenozoic of southern California, [pt.] 4 in 

chap. 3 of Jahns, R. H, ed., Geology of southern California: California 

Div. Mines Bull. 170, p. 23-31.

Includes a correlation chart of nine important sequences in southern 

California based upon the marine megafaunal chronology, and a chart 

showing correlation of the mammalian, megafaunal, and microfaunal sequences of the Pacific coast by J. W. Durham, R. M. Kleinpell, and D. E. 

Savage. A paleobathymetric curve for the Los Angeles basin depicts a middle Miocene-early Pleistocene cycle with depths of about 4,000 feet attained during the early part of the Pliocene. A paleotemperature curve 

shows progressive climatic cooling during the Cenozoic interrupted by a 

late Pliocene warm pulse and several oscillations during the Pleistocene.

Durham, J. W., 1957a, Notes on echinoids: Jour. Paleontology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 

625-631, pi. 72.
58 NEOGENB. MARINE MOLLUSKS

Vaquerosella coreyi Durham, a newly described echinoid from the Temblor Formation at Reef Ridge, Calif., occurs with mollusks of middle Miocene age including Turritella ocoyana and Aequipecten andersoni. According to L. G. Hertlein the fauna [mollusks] of Tertiary mudstone and 

sandstone exposed at Lituya Bay, southeastern Alaska, is correlative with 

the Empire Formation of southwestern Oregon. The fauna lived in a shallow water environment, mostly less than 50 fathoms deep under climatic 

conditions similar to those now prevailing along the Oregon and Washington coast.

Durham, J. W., 1957b, Pelecypod Dosinia in lower Oligocene of central California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 68, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1823-1824.

Dosinia first appears on the Pacific coast in rocks of Oligocene age 

[Aclla shumardi zone]. The initial occurrence of this pelecypod is not, 

therefore, indicative of Miocene age as held by some paleontologists.

Durham, J. W., 1958, Climatic significance of marine invertebrates during later 

geologic time [abs.] : Science, v. 128, no. 3332, p. 1143.

During the Tertiary the limits of the marine tropical zone, as defined by 

warm-water marine faunas, were much closer to the poles than today. Thetropical zone extended above the middle latitudes during the early Cenozoic but retreated toward its present limits during the later part of theCenozoic.

Durham, J. W., 1959a, Paleoclimates, in Physical chemistry of the earth: London, Pergamon Press, v. 3, p. 1-16.

A review of Paleogene and Neogene marine climate of the northeasternPacific Ocean based, in large part, on inferences from marine mollusks- 

(Durham, 1950).

DURHAM, J. W., 1959,* The pelecypod Dosinia in the lower Oligocene of California : Veliger, v. 2, no. 2, p. 21-24, pi. 4.

The interior of Dosinia mathewsoni, an early Miocene species from the 

San Ramon Formation, is figured and compared with a new species of 

early Oligocene age from the Kirker Formation.

Durham, J. W., 1960, Tertiary: Chicago, London, Toronto, Geneva, Sydney, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., v. 21, p. 877-880.

West American megafaunal "stages" are correlated with the provincial, 

microfaunal sequence and with European stages.

Durham, J.- W., 1963, Paleogeographic conclusions in light of biological data, in. 

Gressit, J. L., ed., Pacific Basin Biogeography: Honolulu, Bernice Bishop, 

Mus. Press, p. 353-365.

The provincial aspect of California Cenozoic molluscan faunas is tabulated, epoch by epoch, showing that very few, if any, Miocene and Pliocenespecies have been recorded from other provinces (11 out of 300 for thePliocene; none out of 370 for the Miocene). The Bering Strait opened during the Pliocene; the Panama-Costa Rican portal was open until the middle Miocene.

Durham, J. W., and Allison, E. C., 1960, The geologic history of Baja California [Mexico] and its marine faunas, in Symposium The biogeography of 

Baja California and adjacent seas Pt. 1, Geologic history: Systematic Zoology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 47-91.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 591

The oldest Miocene deposits, from near La Purisima, contain a Turri* 

tella allied to T. liamiltonensis suggesting correlation with the EcMnophoria apta zone of Washington. Rocks correlated with the lower Miocene 

Vaqueros and middle Miocene Temblor Formations of Southern California 

occur in the southern part of the peninsula, as do rocks of late Miocene 

age. Pliocene rocks occur at many places along both coasts. Provincialism 

in molluscan faunas accelerated during the Neogene owing to closing of 

Pacific-Caribbean connections. Paleogeographic maps showing the maxi' 

murn extent of Miocene and Pliocene seas are included, as is a useful bibliography.

Durham, J. W., Arellano, A. R. V., and Peck, J. H., Jr., 1955, Evidence for no 

Cenozoic Isthmus of Tehuantepec seaways: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 66,. 

no. 8, p. 977-992.

Molluscan faunas of Miocene age from near Santa Lucrecia are of Caribbean affinities and not at all similar to Pacific faunas of Miocene age 

suggesting that no isthmus existed in this area during the Miocene as had 

been postulated by others.

Durham, J. W., Harper, Herbert, and Wilder, Beverly, Jr., 1942, Lower Miocene in the Willamette Valley, Oregon [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 

53, no. 12, p. 1817.

A molluscan assemblage with Spisula cf. 8. catilliformis, S. albaria, TelUna oregonensis, and Pecten sespeensis occurs near Butte and Abiqua 

creeks about 30 miles south of Portland. The fauna is considered to be 

equivalent to the Vaqueros Formation of California.

Durham, J. W., Jahns, R. H., and Savage, D. E., 1964, Marine-nonmarine relationships in the Cenozoic section of California, [Pt.] 7 in chap. 3 of Jahns,. 

R. H., ed., Geology of Southern California: California Div. Mines Bull. 

170, p. 59-71.

Continental vertebrate occurrences in California are correlated with the 

marine megafaunal sequence. There is a chart showing the relationship of 

key vertebrate-bearing sequences to marine strata. Terrestrial vertebrate, 

marine megafaunal, and marine microfaunal sequences for the Pacific 

coast are also correlated with European stages.

Durham, J. W., and MacNeil, F. S., 1965, Cenozoic marine faunal migrations 

through the Bering Strait region [abs.] : Internat. Assoc. Quaternary Res., 

VHth Gen. Sess., p. 16.

The earliest migrations through the Bering Straits may have taken 

place during the late Miocene or earliest Pliocene. Many more invertebrates of Pacific origin have reached the Atlantic by this route than have 

entered the Pacific from the Atlantic.

Durham, J. W., and MacNeil, F. S., 1967, Cenozoic migrations of marine invertebrates through the Bering Strait Region, in Hopkins, D. M., ed., The 

Bering Land Bridge: Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, p. 326-349.

List 69 mollusks of Pacific origin that have entered the Arctic-Atlantic 

area perhaps owing to the prevailing eastward currents in the Arctic 

Ocean. Fourteen mollusks are considered to have entered the Pacific from 

the Atlantic Ocean. The earliest migration is thought to have taken place 

in the late Miocene or earliest Pliocene based upon five molluscan genera. 

Many Pacific species had reached the Atlantic by the late Pliocene. More
60 NE.OGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

migrations occurred during the Pleistocene. The seaways may have opened 

and closed during the late Miocene to Holocene but molluscan data do not 

permit dating of such events.

Durham, J. W., and Primmer, S. R., 1962, Displaced Miocene molluscan provinces along the San Andreas Fault, California, by C. A. Hall, Jr.: Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 46, no. 10, p. 1952-1953.

A critique of Hall's (1960) late Miocene paleotemperature report in 

which it is contended that certain data were overlooked or incorrectly interpreted.

Durham, J. W., and Sasa, Yasuo, 1961, A comparison of the fauna of the Poronai Formation of Japan with west American middle Tertiary faunas 

[abs.] : Ninth Pacific Sci. Gong. Proc., v. 12, p. 276.

Twenty-three inollusks from the Poronai Formation of Hokkaido are 

very similar to species from the "Blakeley Stage" of Oregon, Washington, 

and Alaska, suggesting age equivalence. Ten pairs of most similar Japanese and west American species are listed. The Poronai Formation is 

shown to be equivalent to Poul Creek Formation, Blakeley Formation, and 

Yaquina Formation in a correlation chart.

Durham, J. W., and Savage, D. B., 1964, New land mammal and marine megafossil associations in the Neogene of California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., v. 65, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1338.

The Clarendonian Age of the vertebrate sequence is equivalent to the 

"Santa Margarita 'stage'" based on the close association of late Miocene 

marine mollusks with continental vertebrates at Comanche Point in the 

San Joaquin basin and at Cammatta Ranch near Paso Robles. A few mollusks are listed from each locality.

Durham, J. W., and Wolfe, J. A., 1958, Joint occurrence of Dendraater and 

Scutellaster [Anorthoscutum] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. American Bull., v. 69, 

no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1682-1683.

Specimens of Pationopecten lohri and Opalia varicostata, and other 

unlisted mollusks, occur about 100 ft above a locality in the type section 

of the Jacalitos Formation in which the two echinoids indicated in the 

title were found.

Durham, J. W., and Zullo, V. A., 1961, The genus Bankia Gray (Pelecypoda) 

in the Oligocene of Washington: Veliger, v. 4, no. 1, p. 1-4, 3 text figs.

Occurrences of "Teredo sp." from Miocene formations on the Pacific 

coast are reviewed.

Eames, F. E., Banner, F. T.f Blow, W. H., and Clarke, W. J., 1962, Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary stratigraphical correlation; with a contribution by L. 

R. Cox: New York, Cambridge Univ. Press, 163 p.

A brief discussion of Foraminifera and a few mollusks from formations 

in Panama that are considered, by the authors, to be correlative with the 

Aquitanian Stage of Europe and of Miocene age.

Eaton, J. E., 1926, A contribution to the geology of Los Angeles Basin, California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10, no. 8, p. 753-767.

Includes a list of six mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation of the San 

Joaquin Hills identified by Ralph Arnold and 13 mollusks from the lower 

part of the Fernando Group identified by P. P. Goudkoff.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 61

Eaton, J. E., 1928, Divisions and duration of the Pleistocene in southern California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 12, no. 2, p. 111-141.

A faunal assemblage of 27 molluscan taxa occurs in "Pliocene horizon 

MF7" of the Fernando Group of the western Ventura basin (identified by 

A. J. Tieje). Thirty-six percent of the species are considered to be extinct 

whereas less than 12 percent of the species in a "Pliocene-Pleistocene transition zone" of the Saugus Formation are extinct. This change takes place 

within 40 ft of strata in a conformable sequence.

Eaton, J. E.> 1932, Decline of Great Basin, southwestern United States: Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. i6, no. 1, p. 1-49.. ,..

A series of eight paleographic maps of California..Neqgene and Quaternary is presented. .....

Eaton, J. E., 1939a, Tie-ins, between,, the inarine and continental records in Pal:

ifornia : Am. Jour Sci., v. 237, no. 12, p. 899-919. , ,', , ,-j"....,'.,. ', '.,,""' "

 . i -' ' '

Three Miocene and two Pliocene mega-inverteb,rate stages, and several

index species of mollusks, are correlated with some of the principal..continental vertebrate faunas from California. The California Miocene is characterized by the abundance and taxonomic diversity of species of '£jj/r0pe<£ 

ten; the European analog Gigantopecten marks'the base'of'the Mi'o'cene 

 ' in Europe. Pliocene mollusks record a transition from warm .temperate 

climate at the outset of the epoch to cool temperate at the close..: -. : '

Eaton, J. E., 1939b, Geology and oil possibilities of Caliente Range,' Cuyama 

Valley, and Carrizo Plain, California: California Jour. Mines and-Geology, 

v. 35, p. 255-274. . . .

Stratigraphic descriptions of Miocene formations include mention of a 

few characteristic mollusks.

Eaton, J. E., 1943, Caliente Range, Cuyama Valley, and Carrizo Plain [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 453-455.

Columnar sections .of the Cuyama. Valley and the Caliente Range show 

occurrence of characteristic mollusks in the Vaqueros, Temblor, and Mon^ 

terey "stages."

EATON, J. E., GRANT, U.S., and ALLEN, H. B., 1941, Miocene of Caliente 

Range and environs, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 

25, no. 2, p. 193-262, 9 pis.

Initial biostratigraphic study of Caliente Range and Cuyama Valley 

areas with lists of Miocene .faunas (Vaqueros, Temblor, and Santa Margarita Formations). Several mollusks are illustrated; 10 new mollusks are 

described and illustrated. Several Vaqueros and Temblor zones are indicated on Stratigraphic columns for the Caliente Range; other zones are 

shown for the Santa Margarita [Briones, Cierbo, Neroly] on the south 

side of Cuyama Valley. Paleogeographic maps, both detailed and regional, 

are also included. Successive cooling of marine climate from tropical conditions during the Vaqueros to subtropical conditions during the Temblor 

and even cooler climate during the Monterey is postulated.

Edwards, E. C., 1934, Pliocene conglomerates of Los Angeles basin and their 

paleogeographic significance [California] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., v. 18, no. 6, p. 786-812.

468-965 72 5
62 NE.QGENE MARINE MOLLTJSKS

Pholad borings occur in upper Miocene or lower Pliocene breccia in the 

San Joaquin Hills and in lower Pliocene strata in the Santa Monica 

Mountains.

Edwards, E. C., 1943, Kern Front area of the Kern River Oil field [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 571-574.

Casts of Macoma kerica and Cryptomya are recorded from his Etchegoin 

Claystone Member.

Edwards, E. C., 1951, Los Angeles region [California] in possible future petroleum provinces of North America: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 

v. 35, no. 2, p. 241-248.

Some Miocene "fossil markers" [mollusks] are indicated in a correlation 

chart of Los Angeles basin oil fields.

Edwards, K. L., 1940, Stratigraphic occurrence of Pecten sanctaecruzensis in 

California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 51, no. 12, pt 2, p. 1983.

Pecten sanctaecruzensis occurs with Ohlamys perrini and Dosinia margaritana at a locality near The Indians, Monterey County, Calif.

Egenhoff, E. L., 1943, List of publications cited throughout Bulletin 118: California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 689-720.

Reports cited in this publication are arranged alphabetically by author. 

This is a comprehensive bibliography covering publications issued prior to 

1942.

Ehlen, Judi, 1967, Geology of State Parks near Arago, Coos County, Oregon: 

Ore Bin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 61-82.

An unnamed concretionary, fossiliferous sandstone of Miocene age has 

been found by John Armentrout near Sitka Dock in Coos Bay. It contains 

the same middle Miocene molluscan fauna initially recorded by James 

(1950) from nearby dredgings. Four mollusks characteristic of the Pliocene Empire Formation are listed.

Eichwald, Eduard von, 1871, Die Miocan- und Kreideformation von Alaska und 

den aleutischen Inseln, in Eichwald, Eduard von, Geognostischpaleontologische Bemerkungen iiber die Halbinsel Mangischalk und die 

aleutischen Inseln: St. Petersburg, p. 88-200, illus.

According to Dall and Harris (1892), Eichwald referred all of Grewingk's (1850) Tertiary species to the Cretaceous. Many of these species 

are of Miocene age.

Ekman, Sven, 1953, Zoogeography of the sea: London, Sidgwick and Jackson 

Ltd., 417 p.

A late Tertiary connection between the Atlantic and North Pacific 

Oceans had a profound influence on the invertebrate fauna of the North 

Atlantic. Six mollusks that were restricted to either the North Atlantic or 

North Pacific during the late Tertiary but which are now found living 

only in the opposite ocean basin are listed.

Eldridge, G. H., 1907a, The Puente Hills oil district, southern California, in 

Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, Ralph, The Santa Clara Valley, Puente Hills, 

and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

309, p. 102-137.

Reports one pectinid from the Miocene Puente Formation and 38 species 

from the Pliocene Fernando Forniatic-
BIBLIOGRAPHY 63

Eldridge, G. H., 1907b, The Santa Clara Valley oil district, southern California, in Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, Ralph, The Santa Clara Valley, 

Puente Hills, and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 309, p. 1-101.

Lists molluscan assemblages from the Miocene Vaqueros and Pliocene 

Fernando Formations in the Santa Clara Valley.

ELDRIDGE, G. H., and ARNOLD, RALPH, 1907*, The Santa Clara Valley, 

Puente Hills, and Los Angeles oil districts, southern California: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 309, 266 p., pis. 25-41.

Includes four papers, two by Eldridge on the Santa Clara Valley and 

Puente Hills and two by Arnold on the Los Angeles oil district and on 

characteristics fossils of the southern California area; Miocene and Pliocene mollusks are figured or listed in each report.

Elliott, H. S., 1875, A report on the condition of affairs in the Territory of 

Alaska: U.S. Treasury Dept.

According to Dall (1899) the occurrence of fossil mollusks in limestone 

and argillite at Black Bluff,, St. Paul Island, is noted. According to Earth 

(1956, p. 155) the fossil shells collected by Elliott during the period 

1872-74 were also referred to in later general accounts of Alaska published by Elliott in 1887 and in 1895.

Elliott, W. J., Tripp, Eugene, and Karp, S. E., 1968, Road Guides, west side oil 

fields and Temblor Range outcrop area [California] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Geology and oilfields, west side southern San Joaquin 

Valley, p. 104-130.

Lucina (Phacoides) acutilineatus occurs in the Phacoides Sandstone. A 

few Miocene mollusks are listed on a generalized stratigraphic column for 

the Carneros Creek-Chico Martinez Creek area.

Ellis, A. J., and Lee, C. H., 1919, Geology and .ground waters of the western 

part of San Diego County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 446, 321 p.

Pliocene mollusks identified by W. H. Dall (1874) from the San Diego 

well are re-listed. Mollusks recovered from several other wells at San 

Diego are also listed.

EMERSON, W. K., 1957, Three new Tertiary scaphopods, with a review of the 

extinct western North American Siphonodentaliidae: Jour. Paleontology, v. 

31, no. 5, p. 985-991.

Cadulus (Platyschidesl) addicotti n. sp. is described from the middle 

Miocene of the Kern River area, California. Siphonodentalium arcticus 

(Dall) from the Pliocene Carter Creek Beds near Camden Bay, Arctic 

Alaska, is reviewed.

Emerson, W. K, 1958, Notes on the scaphopod mollusks: rectifications of 

nomenclature II: Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., v. 71, p. 91-94.

Miocene species of Dentalium from the Astoria Formation, their systematic position and stratigraphic occurrences, are discussed.

EMERSON, W. K, 1964, Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural 

History expedition to westen Mexico: 20. The Recent mollusks: Gastropoda: Harpidae, Vasidae, and Volutidae: Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 2202, 

23 p.
64 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Vasum pufferi n. sp. occurs in the Pliocene Imperial Formation, Carrizo 

Mountain, Imperial County, Calif. It was originally identified as V. caesium Broderip by Hanna (1926). The Cenozoic history of Vasum is 

reviewed.

Emerson, W. K., 1965, The eastern Pacific species of Niso (Mollusca: Gastropoda) : Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 2218,12 p.

Nisot antiselli, a Miocene species from central California, is excluded 

from Niso (Niso) because of the lack of a nisoid umbilicus.

.Emerson, W. K., and Addicott, W. O., 1953, A Pleistocene invertebrate fauna 

from the southwest corner of San Diego County, California: San Diego 

.Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 11, no. 17, p. 429-444.

Pliocene fossils including Patinopecten healeyi occur near the mouth of 

a ravine half a mile inland from the United States-Mexican border. This 

is the San Diego Formation "border locality" of later workers.

.Emerson, W. K., and Hertlein, L. G., 1960, Pliocene and Pleistocene invertebrates from Punta Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico: Am. Mus. Novitates, 

no. 2004, p. 1-38, 3 figs.

Ten mollusks of Pliocene age are recorded from exposures 20 to 30 ft 

\thick underlying a Pleistocene marine terrace. The assemblage is compared 

with Pliocene mollusks from Turtle Bay and elsewhere along the coast of 

northwestern Baja California (Hertlein and Allison, 1959).

EMERSON, W. K., and HERTLEIN, L. G., 1964, Invertebrate megafossils of 

the Belvedere Expedition to the Gulf of California: San Diego Soc. Nat. 

History Trans., v. 13, no. 17, p. 333-368, figs. 1-6.

Mollusks from about 20 localities of Pliocene age on islands in the Gulf 

of California are recorded. Several Pliocene mollusks are illustrated and 

treated systematically. Gyrineum (BecJitelia) n. subgen. is proposed for 

a group of west American bursids ranging in age from Eocene to Pleistocene. All of the Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks are combined into a systematic list in which geologic and geographic occurrences are indicated.

Emmons, S. F., and Merrill, G. P., 1894, Geological sketch of Lower California : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 5, p. 489-514.

Mytilus californianus and a Pecten similar to P. cerrosensis occur 

in the "mesa sandstones" near San Quintin; these may be of Miocene age.

ENGLISH, W. A., 1914a, The Agasoma-like gastropods of the California Tertiary: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 10, p. 243-256, 

pis. 24-25.

A review of Ficus, TropJiosyoon, and Agasoma [including BruclarJcia of 

later usage]. Fourteen taxa, two of which are newly described, are treated 

systematically; most of these are illustrated.

ENGLISH, W. A., 1914b, The Fernando Group near Newhall, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, p. 203-218, pi. 23.

Seven new species of Pliocene mollusks, mostly from the Elsmere 

Canyon locality, are described. Lists 72 molluscan taxa from localities of 

early Pliocene age in Elsmere Canyon, Pico Canyon, and Holser Canyon. 

Faunas from the Ventura area, to the west, are of late Pliocene age.

English, W. A., 1916, Geology and oil prospects of Cuyama Valley, California: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 621-M, p. 191-215.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 65,

Lists four mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation near Santa Barbara 

Canyon, nine from the Vaqueros Formation southeast of Caliente Mountain, six from the Monterey Group (middle Miocene) from south of 

Cuyama Valley, and seven from the Whiterock Bluff Shale Member of 

Santa Margarita Formation.

English, W. A., 1918, Geology and oil prospects of the Salinas Valley-Parkfleld 

area, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 691-H, p. 219-250.

The Santa Margarita Formation has a small fauna in which Ostrea 

titan and Pecten estrellanus are characteristic species.

English, W. A., 1921, Geology and petroleum resources of northwestern Kern 

County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 721,48 p., 2 pis., 2 figs.

The basal part of the Vaqueros Formation (Temblor Formation of 

Anderson, 1905) contains abundant, well-preserved megafossils, particularly near Carneros Springs and Media Agua Creek. The basal beds contain oysters north of Bitterwater Creek. A fossiliferous reef occurs at the 

base of the Miocene on the east side of Cedar Canyon near its mouth 

[Agua Sandstone of later usage]. Turritella ocoyana occurs 300 ft above 

the base of the Vaqueros Sandstone near the head of Antelope Valley.

English, W. A., 1926, Geology and oil resources of the Puente Hills region, 

southern California, with a section on the chemical character of the oil by 

P. W. Prutzman [p. 101-108] : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 768,110 p.

Miocene mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation (four) and the Topanga 

Formation (14) are listed. The best Topanga locality is on the west side 

of the small anticline south of El Modena. Marine fossils occur at several 

localities in a zone about 3,000 ft above the base of the Pliocene Fernando 

Formation; 38 species of mollusks are recorded from localities near Brea 

and Olinda canyons.

EEMAN, A., 1843, Archiv fur wissenschaftliche kunde von Russland, v. 3: 

Berlin, G. Reimer, 725 p., illus.

Two new species, Nucula ermomi Girard and Oardium aleuticum Girard, 

are described from tuffaceous strata cropping out on Atka Island in the 

Aleutian chain.

Eschner, Standord, 1969, Geology of the central part of the Fillmore quadrangle, Ventura County, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific 

Coast Sec., Field Trip, June 6,1969, 47 p.

A few mollusks are recorded from the Vaqueros Formation (presumably 

from Loel and Corey, 1932), the lower sandstone member of the Monterey 

Formation (presumably from Hudson and Craig, 1929), the Pico Formation, and the Santa Barbara Formation.

ETHERINGTON, T. J., 1931, Stratigraphy and fauna of the Astoria Miocene 

of southwest Washington: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 

20, no. 5, p. 31-142,14 pis.

The definitive report on the molluscan paleontology and stratigraphy of 

the Astoria Formation of the Grays Harbor area, Washington. Seventyseven species of mollusks are listed, including 14 newly described taxa. 

Two new species are described from the upper Miocene Montesano Formation. The Astoria fauna is considered to be of middle Miocene age because 

17 percent of the species are still living and because of faunal similarity to 

the Temblor Formation of California.
66 NEQGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

.Evans, J. W., 1967, A re-interpretation of the sand-pipes described by Adegoke: 

. Veliger, v. 10, no. 2, p. 174-175, pi. 17.

Late Miocene silicified burrows from San Luis Obispo County, Calif.,

-believed to have been made by Chaceia by Adegoke (1966b) more likely

were constructed by Nettastomella rostrata.

"Evans, J. W., 1968, The effect of rock hardness and other factors on the shape 

of the burrow of the rock-boring clam, Penitella penita: Palaeogeography, 

Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 271-278.

Burrow shape may be used in estimating rock hardness at the time of 

boring. Miocene burrows in siliceous and cherty mudstone (Adegoke, 1966) 

were formed when the rock was relatively soft.

Fairbanks, H. W., 1893a, Geology of San Diego; also portions of Orange and 

San Bernardino Counties [California] : California Mining Bur., llth Kept 

State Mineralogist, p. 76-120.

Four miles below Carrizo Station strata of shells including pectens and 

oysters of Miocene age cap the soft clay hills.

Fairbanks, H. W., 1893b, The validity of the so-called Wallala beds as a division of the California Cretaceous: Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, v. 45, p. 473-478. 

"The mesas along the eastern side side of the [San Diego] bay on which 

the city is situated are filled with Pliocene fossils; the strata being separated from the Chico-Tejon by a small nonconformity" (p. 477).

Fairbanks, H. W., 1894a, Geology of northern Ventura, Santa Barbara, San 

Luis Obispo, Monterey, and San Benito Counties [California] : California 

Mining Bur., 12th Kept. State Mineralogist, p. 493-526.

Ostrea titan is abundant in sandstones south of Santa Margarita; it 

also occurs near La Panza.

Fairbanks, H. W., 1894b, Review of our knowledge on the geology of the California coast ranges: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 6, p. 71-102.

Miocene strata are the most extensive of all formations of the southern 

Coast Ranges; they are characterized by the giant oyster, Ostrea titan.

Fairbanks, H. W., 1895, The stratigraphy of the California Coast Ranges: 

Jour. Geology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 415-433.

Sandstones on the south side of Pine Mountain, Ventura County, Calif., 

have yielded [late] Miocene fossils including Pecten discus and Ostrea 

titan; 4 miles down the same canyon Bowers (1890) listed 25 species from 

.the same stratum. A Miocene pectinid and ostreid occur on the south side 

of the "Cuyamas Range." Other mollusks of Miocene age occur near the 

old mission on Santa Ynez River, Santa Barbara County, in the north fork 

of Arroyo Atascadero near Templeton (Pecten pecJchami) and near Arroyo 

Grande (three species of mollusks including Area microd/onta).

Fairbanks, H. W., 1896, The geology of Point Sal [California] : California 

Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 2, p. 1-92, pis. 1-2, 7 figs., map. 

Pecten peckhami occurs in Miocene bituminous shales.

Fairbanks, H. W., 1898, Geology of a portion of the southern Coast Ranges 

[California]: Jour. Geology, v. 6, no. 6, p. 551-576.

Mollusk borings occur in boulders of "Monterey series" in the basal part 

of the San Pablo Formation. A fauna from this formation is briefly noted 

but no fossils are listed.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 67

Fairbanks, H. W., 1904, San Luis folio [California]: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. 

Atlas, Folio 101, 14 p., 4 maps.

Ostrea titan is an abundant and characteristic mollusk in the Santa 

Margarita Formation of the Salinas Valley. Exposures of the Vaqueros 

Formation are usually fossiliferous.

Fairchild, W. W., Wesendunk, P. E., and Weaver, D. W., 1969, Eocene and Oligocene Foraminifera from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 81, 93 p.

Sandstone beds in the Lambert Shale in the upper San Lorenzo River 

drainage contain a Turritella inezana and Pecten magnolia faunal assemblage. Neritic mollusks occur in the Vaqueros Formation in the Bear 

Creek-Brown School area.

FAUSTMAN, W. F., 1964, Paleontology of the Wildcat Group at Scotia and 

Centerville Beach, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 41, no. 

2, p. 97-160, 3 pis., 7 figs.

The Pliocene Rio Dell and Scotia Bluffs Formations of the Wildcat 

Group near Scotia contain a large molluscan fauna indicative of a fairly 

cold water environment. Sixty-seven mollusks are listed from these formations. The molluscan fauna of the Rio Dell Formation at Centerville 

Beach consists of 35 species, two of which are new. Many of the mollusks 

are illustrated. The report includes two measured sections and a correlation chart of Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of northern California 

and southern Oregon.

FENTON, C. L., and FENTON, M. A., 1958*, The fossil book, the exciting 

story of plants, animals, and lesser creatures during the past two billion 

years: Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday and Co., 482 p.

Illustrate Lunatia lewisi (Gould) "Miocene to Recent, Pacific coast of 

North America", Ostrea titan Conrad from the Miocene of California 

"length to 50 inches," and Cardiwn coosense Dall "Miocene to Recent, 

Pacific coast" (p. 169).

Ferguson, G. C., 1941, Correlation of oil field formations on east side San Joaquin Valley [California]: California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 239-246. 

[Report reprinted in Field Trip Guidebook, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists 

Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, Calif., 1947, p. 117-124.]

The Etchegoin Formation is defined as "that portion of the Pliocene 

below the top of the Mulinia densata zone and above the originally defined 

Jacalitos formation."

Fiedler, W. M., 1944, Geology of the Jamesburg quadrangle, Monterey County, 

California: California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 177-250.

Turritella ocoyana and Anadara n. sp. (identified by B. L. Clark) are 

among 19 larger invertebrates previously identified from the VaquerosTemblor Sandstone of this area in an unpublished M.A. thesis by C. L. 

Herold, Univ. of California, Berkeley. Several other new species may be 

present. Several other mollusks are listed from the Monterey Formation 

and from the upper Miocene San Pablo Formation.

Fitch, J. E., and Reimer, R. D., 1967, Otoliths and other fish remains from a 

Long Beach, California, Pliocene deposit: Southern California Acad. Sci. 

Bul., v. 66, no. 2, p. 77-91.
68 NEOGE.NE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Tresus pajaroanus (Conrad) was recovered from an excavation for U.S. 

Interstate Route 405 (San Diego Freeway) in Long Beach, Calif. Identification of this species, and other unspecified mollusks, by G. P. Kanakoff 

indicates a Pliocene age.

Flynn, D. B., 1963, The San Benito-Waltham Canyon Trough possible oil 

province? [California], in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas Valley and 

the San Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. Field Trip, 1963, p. 

27-33.

Turritella ocoyana (identified by H. G. Schenck) is reported from the 

southwest part of the San Benito-Waltham Canyon trough on the east side 

of Priest Valley suggesting a "Temblor" age.

Forrest, L. C., and Gribi, E. A., Jr., 1963, Salinas Valley oilfields and San 

Andreas fault field trip, in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas Valley and 

the San Andreas fault [California]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. Field Trip, 1963, 

Road log, p. 120-160.

Nine mollusks of early Pliocene age are recorded from a locality in 

the Pancho Rico Formation about 1 mile east of San Lucas (identifications 

by W. O. Addicott).

Foss, C. D., and Blaisdell, R., 1968, Stratigraphy of the west side southern San 

Joaquin Valley [California] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Guidebook, 

Geology and oilfields, west side southern San Joaquin Valley, p. 33-43.

A few mollusks from Miocene and Pliocene formations of the southwest 

part of the San Joaquin Valley (Temblor Range) are listed.

Fowler, G. A., 1966, Notes on late Tertiary Foraminifera from off the central 

coast of Oregon: Ore Bin. v. 28, no. 3, p. 53-60.

Mollusca and Foraminifera have been used in making age determinations from rock samples obtained from the continental shelf and slope off 

Oregon. The rocks recovered range from late Miocene to perhaps Pleistocene in age*

Fraser, G. D., and Harriett, H. F., 1959, Geology of the Delarof and westernmost Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

1028-1, p. 211-248.

Late Tertiary (possibly Miocene and Pliocene) mollusks from Kanaga 

and Tanaga Islands identified by F. S. MacNeil are recorded.

FRAZIER, KENNETH, 1968*, Marine fossils in Southern California: Earth 

Sci., v. 21, no. 1, p. 13-16, illus.

Five pelecypods from the Pliocene San Diego Formation are illustrated.

Fritsche, A. E., 1967, Taxonomy and distribution of some southern California 

Miocene mollusks: Geol. Soc. America, Program, 63d Ann. Mtg. Cordilleran 

Sec., p. 35-36.

Taxonomic, distributional, and stratigraphic notes on seven species of 

Miocene mollusks based on records from the Sieira Madre Mountains, 

Santa Barbara County, Calif., are presented.

GABB, W. M., 1861*, Descriptions of new species of American Tertiary fossils 

and a new Carboniferous cephalopod from Texas: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc. for 1861, p. 367-372.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69

Six species from Miocene [?early Pleistocene] strata at Santa Barbara, 

Calif., are described.

GABB, W. M., 1866, Tertiary invertebrate fossils: California Geol. Survey, 

Paleontology, v. 2, sec. 1, pt. 1, p. 1-38, pis. 1-13.

An important systematic report in which about 40 new species of Miocene and Pliocene mollusks from various localities in California and Baja 

California are described. A few new genera and subgenera are proposed. 

Some of the new species from the Miocene south of Martinez and near 

Walnut Creek may be of late Oligocene age. A few previously described 

species are also illustrated.

GABB, W. M., 1869a, Tertiary invertebrate fossils: California Geol. Survey, 

Paleontology, v. 2, Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils, sec. 1, pt. 2, p. 39-63, 

pis. 14-18. 

This is a continuation of descriptions in Gabb (1866).

Gabb, W. M., 1869b,' Synopsis of the Tertiary invertebrate fossils of California : California Geol. Survey, Paleontology, v. 2, sec. 1, pt. 3, p. 65-124.

A systematic list of the known Tertiary and Quaternary species from 

California and Baja California together with geologic range and taxonomic notes for a few of the species is presented.

GALE, H. R., 1928, West coast species of Hinnites [California] : San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 5, no. 9, p. 91-94.

Pecten (Chlamys) multirugosus var. crassiplicatus is described from the 

California Miocene.

Gale, H. R., 1929, Summary of West Coast subgenus TropJiosycon [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America .Bull., v. 40, p. 257-258.

Different species are recognized from middle Miocene strata of California and Washington. .Undescribed species occur in the upper Miocene and 

the lower Pliocene strata of California.

Gale, H. R., 1931, Correlation between later Cenozoic deposits of California and 

of Europe [abs.] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 15, no. 5, p. 

555-556.

A marked break in the molluscan faunal record defines the boundary 

between the Tertiary and the Quaternary. The break is the result of climatic cooling associated with the onset of glaciation. Alternating cool-water and warm-water faunas in the California Pleistocene permit recognition of the major glacial epochs in the marine sequence.

Galvez, V., 1927, Algunas exploraciones en el distrito sur de la peninsula de 

Baja California: Inst. Geol. Mexico, Anal., v. 2, no. 6, p. 157-194.

Marine mollusks collected by Dr. Ernestp Angermann from indurated 

sandstone about 600 meters above sea level are considered to be old beach 

deposits. These are from near Cacachilas. Two small areas of Tertiary sedimentary rocks are mapped on Ceralbo Island and on the east coast 

between Point Arena and Point Pescaderos.

Gealey, W. K., 1951, Geology of the Healdsburg quadrangle, California: California Div. Mines Bull. 161, p. 7-50. 

The Merced Formation contains abundant molds of marine mollusks.
70 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Gentry, A. W., 1943, Ten Section oil field [California] : California Div. Mines 

Bull. 118, p. 549-550. 

An upper Mulinia zone occurs at a depth of about 4,000 ft in wells.

Gester, G. C., 1917, Geology of a portion of the McKittrick district, a typical 

example of the west side, San Joaquin Valley oil fields, and a correlation 

of the oil sands of the west side fields: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, 

v. 4, no. 7, p. 207-227, pis. 32-33.

Several small assemblages of marine mollusks from the Etchegoin Formation along the southwest side of the San Joaquin Valley, mainly from 

well cores, are recorded. The northermost assemblage is from Lost Hills. 

Fossiliferous surface exposures occur along the West Side Highway near 

McKittrick oil field, on Muddy or Los Lobos Creek, and in the McKittrick 

oil field. Pliocene fossils occur in strata overlying Santa Margarita Formation west of Fellows.

Gester, G. C., and Galloway, John, 1933, Geology of Kettleman Hills oil field, 

California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 17, no. 10, p 

1161-1193.

A stratigraphic column for the Coalinga-Kettleman Hills and McKittrickMidway-San Emigdio areas indicates the position of molluscan zones in 

the Etchegoin and San Joaquin Formations. The uppermost of three zones 

(lithologic zones) in the Temlor Formation at Reef Ridge is characterized 

by Pecten andersoni.

GLEN, WILLIAM, 1959, Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene of the western part 

of the San Francisco Peninsula: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 36, 

no. 2, p. 147-198, pis. 15-17, 5 text figures.

Lists 49 mollusks from the type Merced Formation middle Pliocene tolower Pleistocene. The Purisima Formation at Pillar Point, to the south, is 

of middle Pliocene age; 31 species of mollusks are listed from it. Includes 

a systematic section in which one new pelecypod is described, a columnar 

section, and geologic maps with fossil localities.

Glover, S. L., 1940, Browns Point Formation, Olympic Peninsula, Washington 

[abs.]: Geol. Soc. American Bull., v. 51, no. 12, p. 2022-2023.

A small fossil assemblage in this newly described formation suggests a 

"Miocene (Astoria?) age."

Goudkoff, P. P., 1934, Subsurface stratigraphy of Kettleman Hills oil field, California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 18, no. 4, p. 435-475.

Includes subsurface records of mollusks from wells in the Kettleman 

Hills area (lower Pliocene and middle Miocene). Two faunas are recognized in the Jacalitos Formation. An informal sandstone unit in the lower 

part of the Monterey Formation is referred to as the Pecten andersoni 

sand. In addition to abundant specimens of the pectinid there are fragmentary oysters and a few Turritella ocoyana. This sand occurs within 

the Valvulineria caUfornica zone.

Goudkoff, P. P., 1941, Correlation of oil field formations on west side of San 

Joaquin Valley [California]: California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 247-252. 

Pecten andersoni is recorded from the Main sand (Miocene) of the Kettleman Hills oil field.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 71

 Goudkoff, P. P., 1947, Correlation of oil field formations on west side of San* 

Joaquin Valley [California], in Field Trip Guidebook, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1947: p., 90-99.

Pecten andersoni is reported from the Main sand [Temblor Formation] 

in Kettleman Hills. The Pacific coast correlation chart of Weaver and 

others (1944) is reprinted in part [standard sections and four San Joaquin Valley columns].

Gower, H. D., 1960, Geologic map of the Pysht quadrangle, Washington: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-129, scale 1:62,500.

Marine molluscan evidence suggests that the upper part of the Twin 

River Formation is of early Miocene age. Mollusks from the overlying 

Clallam Formation are correlated with the middle Miocene Astoria Formation.

GRABAU, AMADEUS, and SHIMER, H.W., 1909*, North American index fossils : Invertebrates: New York, v. I ,853 p., 1,210 figs.

A few Miocene and Pliocene mollusks from California and Washington 

are figured. Included is a short bibliographic list of reports dealing with 

Tertiary larger invertebrates from California and Alaska, as well as one 

for Mexico and central Amerca.

GRANT, U. S., 4th, 1930, Mytilus loeli, a new name for Mytilus kewi Wiedey 

(not Mytilus kewl Nomland) : Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 419-420. 

Taxonomic revision of a Miocene mytilid from California.

Grant, U. S., 4th, 1933, Notes on Searlesia [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Bull:, v. 

44, pt. 1, p. 220.

Searlesia first appeared during the Oligocene in the Northern Pacific; it 

reached the Atlantic during the Pliocene by way of the Arctic Ocean.

GRANT, U. S., 4th, and GALE, H. R., 1931, Catalogue of the marine Pliocene 

and Pleistocene Mollusca of California: San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Mem., v. 1, 1,036 p., 32 pis., 15 figs., 3 tables.

The single most important systematic report pertaining to the Pliocene 

molluscan faunas of the Pacific coast. Includes a comprehensive systematic 

catalog of California Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks and a thorough 

review of stratigraphic and geographic distribution of species. Many species are illustrated. Twenty-six new species, mostly from the Neogene, are 

described. There are many notes pertaining to Miocene mollusks; a few 

species are illustrated. Include a correlation chart and an extended discussion of molluscan biostratigraphy of California Pliocene basins.

Grant, U. S., 4th, and Hertlein, L. G., 1938, The West American Cenozoic 

Echinoidea: California Univ., Los Angeles, Pub. Math. Phys. Sci., v. 2, 225 

p., 30 pis., 17 figs.

Several records of important Miocene and Pliocene mollusks occurring 

with echinoids are scattered throughout the systematic section.

Grant, U. S., 4th, and Hertlein, L. G., 1941, Pliocene correlation chart: California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 201-202.

Pecten bellus and Chlamys opuntia occur in the Santa Barbara Formation; both are extinct and are considered to be indicative of Pliocene age.
72 NEOGENB MARINE MOLLUSKS

GRANT, U. S., 4th, and QUAYLE, B. H., 1934, A new middle Miocene Neptunea from California: Nautilus, v. 47, no. 3, p. 91-93, 2 figs.

Neptunea (SulcosipJio) eatoni n. sp. is described from middle Miocene 

rocks in the Caliente Range, San Luis Obispo County, Calif.

GRANT, U. S., 4th, and STEVENSON, R. E., 1948, A new Pecten from the 

upper Miocene of California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 804-805, 

Ipl.

Pecten (Pecten) juanensis is described from the Neroly Formation 

(upper Miocene).

GRATACAP, L. P., 1912*, An unusual specimen of Mytilus middendorffii Grewingk, from Alaska: Am. Mus. Nat. History Bull. 31, p. 69-70, illus.

One specimen from Cape Seniavin, Alaska Peninsula, is described and 

illustrated. Grewingk's original illustrations of this species are refigured.

Grau, G., 1959, Pectinidae of the Eastern Pacific: Allan Hancock Pacific 

Exped., v. 23, p. 1-308, pis. 1-57.

An important report on living pectinids of the eastern Pacific. Geologic 

ranges for those species that also occur as fossils are listed.

Gray, C. H., Jr., 1961, Geology of the Corona South quadrangle and the Santa 

Ana Narrows area, Riverside, Orange, and San Bernardino Counties, California : California Div. Mines Bull. 178, p. 1-58.

"Fragmentary and poorly preserved megafossils were collected [from the 

Topanga Formation] from a number of places southwest of State Highway 

71 along the Metropolitan Water District pipe line, but they could be 

dated only as Miocene" (p. 31).

'Grayson, A. J., 1872, On the physical geography and natural history of the 

islands of the Tres Marias and Socorro, off the western coast of Mexico: 

Boston Soc. Nat. History Proc., v. 14, p. 261-303. 

Contains the first notice of marine fossils on Maria Madre Island.

Grewingk, Constantin, 1848, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der geognostichen Beschaffenheit Californiens: Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Geellschaft zu St. Petersburg, 1847, p. 143-162.

Contains the first record of fossil invertebrates from the Gulf of California region.

GREWINGK, CONSTANTIN, 1850, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der orographischen 

und geognostischen Beschaffenheit der Nord-West Kiiste Amerikas mit den 

anliegenden Inseln: Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellshaft zu St. Petersburg, 1848-1849, p. 76-324, pis. 1-7 [pis. 

4-7 are of fossils].

Some new species of Tertiary mollusks from Alaska are described.

HAAS, OTTO, 1942, Miocene molluscs from Costa Rica: Jour. Paleontology, v. 

16, no. 3, p. 307-316, 7 text figs.

Seventeen species of mollusks are recorded from localities near Carballo 

on the Pacific coast. One of these, Mactra macescens var. elongata is 

figured and described as new. The faunal assemblage is correlated with 

the fauna of the Gatun Formation of Panama; this is a northwest extension of that fauna along the Pacific coast. Two Pacific pectinids identified 

from highland areas of Costa Rica indicate that there was a connection 

between the Atlantic and Pacific during the Miocene.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 73

Hackel, Otto, Edmonson, W. F., Pierce, R. L. Cross, R. K., Fletcher, G. L., and 

Groom, J. E., 1962, Road log of geologic field trip, in Geology of Carrizo 

Plains and San Andreas Fault [California]: San Joaquin Geol. Soc. and 

Pacific Sec. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and 

Mineralogists, Guidebook, 1962, p. 37-50.

Three mollusks from an exposure of the upper Miocene Santa Margarita 

Formation near the junction of State Route 178 and San Juan River are 

listed.

Hackel, Otto, and Krammes, Kenneth, 1958, Road log: San Joaquin Geol. Soc. 

Guidebook, 1958 Spring Field Trip, Round Mountain area, p. 3-9.

The "Turritella ocoyana fauna" occurs in exposures of middle Miocene 

strata on Poso Creek and near mouth of Cottonwood Creek.

Haehl, H. L., and Arnold, Ralph, 1904, The Miocene diabase of the Santa Cruz 

Mountains in San Mateo County, California: Am. Philos. Soc. Proc., v. 43, 

no. 175, p. 16-53.

List 37 species from the Vaqueros Formation, 13 species from the Monterey Shale, and 52 species from the Purisima Formation.

Hagg, R., 1924, Stangenaskraniets skalbank: Geol. Foreningens Forh., v. 46, no. 

5. Stockholm [reference from Soot-Ryen (1932)].

According to Soot-Ryen (1932) a few mollusks that are first recorded 

from upper Miocene or lower Pliocene deposits in the North Pacific-Bering 

Straits region and subsequently appear in upper Pliocene or Quaternary 

deposits in the North Atlantic are listed.

Hake, B. F., 1926, Occurrence of PJioladomya in the Miocene of California 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 37, p. 214.

A specimen of Pholadomya occurs with a Temblor [middle Miocene] 

fauna near Bakersfield, Calif.

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1958a, Gastropod genus Ceratostoma [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull. 69, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1687.

The distribution and faunal associations of Miocene and Pliocene species 

of Ceratostoma indicate that the genus has gradually adapted from a 

warm or warm-temperate environment to its modern distribution in much 

cooler water environments. The described species of Ceratostoma fall into 

two groups, one living in warmer waters (12°-19°C), the other in cooler 

water (2°-15°C).

HALL, C. A., JR., 1958b, Geology and paleontology of the Pleasanton area, 

Alameda and Costra Costa County, California: California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 34, no. 1, p. 1-90, 2 figs., 5 maps, 12 pis., 69 refs.

Illustrates about 35 species of Miocene mollusks including four newly 

described taxa. Includes faunal lists of Miocene mollusks from the 

Sobrante Sandstone, Oursan Sandstone, Hambre Sandstone, Briones Formation, Cierbo Sandstone, and Neroly Sandstone.

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1959a, Displaced Miocene molluscan provinces along the San 

Andreas fault, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 70, no. 12, pt. 

2, p. 1723.

The distribution of late Miocene molluscan provinces and minimum shallow-water isotherms inferred from these associations suggest post-late Miocene lateral slip of from 50 to 150 miles along the San Andreas fault.
74 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

HALL, C. A., JR., 1959b*, The gastropod genus Ceratostoma: Jour. Paleontology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 428-434, pis. 61-63.

The genus Oeratostoma ranges from middle Miocene to Holocene. Five 

species have been described from the California Neogene; one of these, 0. 

delorae, is figured.

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1960, Displaced Miocene molluscan provinces along the San 

Andreas fault, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 34, no. 6, p. 

281-308.

This analysis is based upon extensive faunal lists of late Miocene mollusks from seven areas in central California; an accompanying chart 

shows bathymetric and temperature ranges. These faunas are converted 

into inferred February minimum isotherms and into inferred late Miocene 

jnolluscan provinces. The inferences are utilized to reconstruct lateral slip 

.-along the San Andreas fault. Post-late Miocene movement of 120 miles is 

inferred, although movement may have varied between 60 and 150 miles. 

 Includes a late Miocene paleogeographic map.

"Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962a, Displaced Miocene molluscan provinces along the San 

Andreas fault [California], in Geology of Carrizo Plains and San Andreas 

Fault: San Joaquin Geol. Soc. and Pacific Sec. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Guidebook, 1962, p. 24. 

Infers marine surface water temperatures from late Miocene molluscan 

faunas in California and, from these, infers post-late Miocene right-lateral 

slip of from 50 to 150 miles along the San Andreas fault. A warm water 

Arca-Turritella faunal element in San Luis Obispo County west of fault is 

not developed in the San Joaquin Valley east of fault.

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962b, Evolution of the echinoid genus Astrodapsis: California 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 40, no. 2, p. 47-180.

Lists small assemblages of mollusks and echinoids from six members of 

the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation in the Phoenix-Saucelito 

Creeks area, San Luis Obispo County, Calif. These assemblages indicate 

deposition in shallow water intertidal to 75 ft.

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962c, Reply [to critical review by J. W. Durham and S. R. 

Primmer of "Displaced Miocene molluscan provinces along the San 

Andreas fault, California" (I960)] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 

v. 46, no. 10, p. 1953-1960.

A rebuttal of Durham and Primmer's (1962) critique. Includes a revised 

late Miocene paleogeographic map showing inferred molluscan provinces 

and isotherms and a list of mollusks from the San Pablo Group.

HALL, C. A., JR., 1964, Area (Area) leptogrammica, a new Tertiary pelecypod from the San Luis Obispo region, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 

38, no. 1, p. 87-88, pi. 22. 

The new species is from the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation.

Lists 12 mollusks that occur with the new Area.

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1966, Archaeopneustes moorefieldi, a new Pliocene spatangoid 

echinoid from the San Luis Obispo area, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 

40, no. 5, p. 1123-1126, figs. 1-3.

Several mollusks from the Pismo Formation are listed. Belated mollusks 

and some echinoids suggest a bathymetric range of 150-300 ft for the 

fossil occurrence.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 75

Hall, C. A., and Corbato, C. E., 1967, Stratigraphy and structure of Mesozoic 

and Cenozoic rocks, Nipomo quadrangle, southern Coast Ranges, California : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 5, p. 659-582.

Includes a check list of mollusks from localities in the Vaqueros Formation, Obispo Formation, Monterey Formation, Santa Margarita Formation, 

all of Miocene age, and the Pliocene Careaga Formation. The uppermost 

part of the Santa Margarita Formation is of Pliocene age.

Hall, C. A., and Surdam, R. C., 1967, Geology of the San Luis Obispo-Nipomo 

area, San Luis Obispo County, California: Geol. Soc. America Cordilleran 

Sec. Mtg., Guidebook, 1967, 25 p.

List common mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation, Obispo Tuff, and 

Pismo Formation. Specific molluscan occurrences in readouts along the 

field trip route are noted in the road log.

Hall, C. A., Turner, D. L., and Surdam, R. C., 1966, Potassium-argon age of 

the Obispo Formation with Peoten lompocensis Arnold, Southern Coast 

Ranges, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77, no. 4, p. 443-446.

A rhyolitic tuff from the Obispo Formation yielded a plagioclase age of 

20.9±1.5 m.y. [subsequently revised to 16.5±1.2 m.y. by Turner]. A few 

mollusks of middle Miocene age are reported for this formation.

Hall, E. A., and Redin, T., 1967, Big Mountain Oil Field, Ventura County, California, Stratigraphic section, in Geology of the Big Mountain Oil Field 

and the nearby area, including notes on the trip from Piru to Big Mountain, Ventura County, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific 

Sec., Spring Field Trip, morning section, 6 p.

Anomia vaquerosensis and Rapana, vaquerosensis occur in the Vaqueros 

[Formation] at Big Mountain oil field. Pecten healeyi occurs in the basal 

part of the Las Posas [Formation].

HALL, E. B., and AMBROSE, A. W., 1917, Descriptions of new species from 

the Cretaceous and Tertiary of the Tesla, Pleasanton, San Jose, and Hamilton quadrangles, California: Nautilus, v. 30, no. 6, p. 68-71; no. 7, p. 

77-82.

Five new species of pelecypods from rocks of Miocene age in the northern part of the Diablo Range are described. These were subsequently illustrated by Wiedey (1929c.)

Hall, N. Timothy, 1965, Late Cenozoic stratigraphy between Mussel Rock and 

Fleishhacker Zoo, San Francisco Peninsula [California], in International 

Association for Quaternary Research, VII Congress, Denver, Colorado: 

Guidebook for Field Conference I: Northern Great Basin and California, 

p. 151-158.

Nine mollusks from the lower part of the type Merced Formation are 

recorded.

Ham, C. K., 1952, Geology of Las Trampas Ridge, Berkeley Hills, California: 

California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 22, 26 p.

Lists four species, including EchinopJioria apta, from the San Ramon 

Formation; 14 species from the Monterey Formation; 10 species from the 

Briones Formation; four species from the Cierbo Formation; and three 

species from the Neroly Formation.
76 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Hamilton, Warren, 1960, Pliocene (?) sediments of salt water origin near 

Blythe, southeastern California, in Short papers in the geological sciences: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 400-B, p. B276-B277.

"Lime caps" similar to beach rock of tropical shores found at altitudes 

of at least 800 ft contain scattered pelecypods of late Cenozoic age.

Hamlin, Homer, 1904, Water resources of the Salinas Valley, California: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 89, 91 p.

Eleven species are recorded from his "Vaquero Sandstone." Beds underlying the Monterey Shale near Stone Canyon in the Diablo Range are also 

referred to his Vaquero [Vaqueros] Formation.

Hanna, G £>., 1919; Geological notes on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, with an 

: account of the fossil diatoms: Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, v. 48, p. 216-224.

Mollusks from Black Bluffs and from Tolstoi Point, St. Paul Island 

(identified: by Dall, 1919), are of about the same age. Hanna considers the 

strata to be of Pliocene age.

HANNA, G D., 1923*, Upper Miocene lacustrine mollusks from Sonoma County, 

California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 12, p. 31-41, pis. 1-3.

Four brackish-water mollusks, Mya dicJcersoni Clark, Corbicula gabMana 

Henderson, Nematurella eusona n. sp., and Goniobasis rodeo&nsis (Clark) 

. are recorded. All but the Mya are figured.

HANNA, G D., 1924, Rectifications of nomenclature: California Acad. Sci. 

'. Proc., ser. 4, v. 13, no. 8, p. 151-186.

Proposed many new names for Miocene arid Pliocene marine mollusks.

Hanna, G D., 1926a, Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 1925: 

California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-113.

Records Pecten cerrosensis and P. veatcMi from Pliocene sands at 

Cedros Island.

HANNA, G D., 1926b, Paleontology of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County, California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 14, no. 18, p. 427-503, text 

figi 1, pis. 20-29.

Basically a descriptive paleontologic account of larger invertebrates, 

mostly mollusks, collected by the author and earlier investigators from the 

type area of the Imperial Formation at Coyote [Carrizo] Mountain. Treats 

63 mollusks including eight new species in the systematic section. Several 

other mollusks are figured. Many fragmentary specimens identifiably only 

to genus are noted but not listed. Concludes that the fauna is of Pliocene 

age. There is an extensive account of earlier work and age determinations.

Hanna, G D., 1927, Geology of West Mexican Islands: Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 

48, p. 1-24.

Fossiliferous limestone of Pliocene age crops out on Maria Madre 

Island. Molluscan fossils of undetermined age occur on Clarion Island of 

the Revillagigedo group. Pliocene strata on Cedros Island have yielded 

many species of mollusks including Pecten cerrosensis and P. veatcMi.

Hanna, G D., 1928, The Monterey Shale of California at its type locality with 

a summary of its fauna and flora: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 

v. 12, no. 10, p. 969-983, pis. 7-9.

Reviews paleontologic studies on mollusks of the Monterey Formation 

listing 10 species identified by previous investigators.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 77

Hanna, G D., 1930, Geology of Sharktooth Hill, Kern County, California: California Acad. ScL Proc., ser. 4, v. 19, no. 7, p. 65-83.

A general discussion of Miocene mollusk assemblages from the Kern 

River area and from Comanche Point including review of previous work. 

A few mollusks from well cores near Sharktooth Hill permit correlation 

with early Miocene assemblages of Andersen's (1911) A Zone at Pyramid 

Hill. A large pectinid and an ostreid occur in upper Miocene beds at 

Comanche Point.

Hanna, G D., 1936, Interesting whale jaw from Kern County, California[abs.] : 

Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1935, p. 419.

Many specimens of Phacoides acutttineatus are associated with the 

lower jaw of a small-toothed whale in the basal sandstone of Andersen's 

Temblor Formation in Carneros Creek.

HANNA, G D., 1952*, Geology of the continental slope off Central California: 

California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 27 ,no. 9, p. 325-358, pis. 7-14.

Pliocene specimens of Oompsomyaw and Pecten caurinus Gould, from the 

Wildcat Formation dredged in 96 fathoms southwest of Trinidad Head, 

northern California, are illustrated. Recoveries of similar material from 80 

to 120 fathoms and as far as 30 miles offshore are recorded.

Hanna, G D., 1966, Introduced mollusks of western North America: California 

Acad. Sci. Occasional Papers 48,108 p., 85 figs., 4 pis. 

Mya occurs in Pliocene formations in central California.

Hanna, G D., and Hertlein, L. G., I927a, VI. Geology and paleontology, in 

Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 16, no. 6, p. 137-147.

The first general description of Neogene and Quaternary molluscan 

paleontology of the Gulf of California area. Mollusks recorded from near 

Boleo, Baja California, by Arnold in 1906 are of late Pliocene age.

Hanna, G D., and Hertlein, L. G., 1927b, Notes on Ostrea californica Marcou: 

Nautilus, v. 41, no. 2, p. 45-46.

An oyster from the Imperial Formation at Coyote Mountain, Calif., 

once identified by Hanna (1926) as Ostrea iridescens is believed to be (X 

virgiwica var. oalifornica Marcou.

HANNA, G D., and HERTLEIN, L. G., 1938, New Tertiary mollusks from 

western North America: Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 106-110, pi. 21. 

Five new species of Miocene mollusks from California are described.

HANNA, G D., and HERTLEIN, L. G., 1941*, Characteristic fossils of California: California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 165-182, illus.

Illustrate characteristic Miocene and Pliocene marine mollusks from California (4 plates).

HANNA, G D., and STRONG, A; M., 1949, West American mollusks of the 

genus Conus: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 26, no. 9, p. 247-322, 

pis. 5-10.

Two new species from Pliocene strata in Imperial Valley, Calif., C. durhami and 0. 'bramlcampi, are described. 

468-965 72 6
78 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Hanna, M. A., 1926, Geology of the La Jolla quadrangle, California: California 

Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 16, no. 7, p. 187-246. 

Includes a brief review of earlier work on the San Diego Pliocene.

Harmon, A. K., Jr., 1914, Eel River Valley, Humboldt County, geology and oil 

possibilities, in McLaughlin, R. P., Petroleum industry of California: California Div. Mines Bull. 69, p. 455-459.

Contains a brief description of Pliocene strata and a list of 12 fossils.

Harrison and Eaton [firm], 1920, Report on investigation of oil and gas possibilities of western Oregon: Oregon Bur. Mines and Geology, Mineral 

Resources Oregon, v. 3, no. 1, p. 3-37, 5 pis.

In describing the Yaquina Sandstone the following characteristic fossils 

are listed: Aturia angustata, Acila thracia, Phacoides, Spisula.

Hawley, H. J., 1917, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Salinas and Monterey quadrangles, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 28, p. 225. 

Lists seven mollusks from the middle Miocene Temblor Sandstone and 

two from the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation.

Hay, E. A., 1963, Age and relationships of the Gold Hill pluton, Cholame 

Valley, California, in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas Valley and the 

San Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. Field Trip, 1963, p. 113-115.

Four mollusks from rocks mapped as Pliocene Jacalitos-Etchegoin (identifications by J. W. Durham and A. M. Keen), one of which was from a 

redeposited boulder of middle Miocene age, are recorded.

Hazzard, J. C., 1947, Road log, Los Angeles (Biltmore Hotel) to Santa Paula 

via San Fernando Valley, del Valle oil field, Fillmore, and South Mountain 

oil field, in Field Trip Guidebook, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Joint Ann. 

Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1947: p. 17-25.

Fossiliferous Pliocene and Pleistocene exposures in Ventura basin traversed by the field trip route are noted in the road log.

Heaslip, W. G., 1968, Cenozoic evolution of the alticostate venericards in Gulf 

and east coastal North America: Palaeontographica Americana, v. 6, no. 

39, p. 55-135, pis. 20-29.

Two living species of Venericardia, V. crassicostata and V. megastropha, 

occur in the Pleistocene of Baja California (Gulf coast). These probably 

were derived from late Miocene species of eastern North America by prePleistocene migration into the Pacific.

Heikkila, H. H., and MacLeod, G. M., 1951, Geology of Bitterwater Creek area, 

Kern County, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 6, 21 p.

Miocene mollusks from the Buttonbed Sandstone, Agua Sandstone, and 

the Twisselman Sandstone Member of the Monterey Formation are listed.

HEILPRIN, ANGELO, 1884*, North American Tertiary Ostreidae [constituting 

Appendix I of White, Fossil Ostreidae of North America] : U.S. Geol. 

Survey 4th Ann. Rept., p. 309-316, pis. 62-82.

Seven Miocene and Pliocene oysters from California are recorded; four 

of these are figured.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 79

Helm, A., 1922, Notes on the Tertiary of southern lower California: Geol. 

Mag. [Great Britain], v. 59, p. 529-547.

Mollusks identified from the Miocene Purisima Nueva Formation by 

Clark and Arnold (1918) are listed together with additional comments by 

T. W. Vaughan and C. W. Cooke as to synchroneity with the fauna of the 

Gatun Formation of Panama. Generic identifications of mollusks from the 

Isidro Formation (Miocene) and the Salada Formation (Pliocene) are by 

B. L. Clark.

Henderson, C. W., and Winstanley, J. B., 1912, Bibliography of the geology, 

paleontology, mineralogy, petrology and mineral resources of Oregon: 

Oregon Univ. Bull., new ser., v. 10, no. 4, 49 p.

Reports on Neogene mollusks of Oregon, a few of which are annotated, 

are included in the bibliography.

Henderson, Junius, 1920, The nomenclature and systematic positions of some 

fossils and recent mollusks: Nautilus, v. 33, no. 4, p. 118-122.

Yoldia (Portlandia) astoriana is proposed as a new name for Nucula 

impressa Conrad (1849) from the Astoria Formation at Astoria, Oreg.

HBNDRICKSON, A. B., 1928, Report on the Kern front area of the Kern 

River oil field: California Oil Fields, v. 13, no. 7, p. 5-18, 5 pis.

Casts of Macoma [Cryptomya] kerica n. sp. occur in the Etchegoin 

Tegeler oil zone and about 5-35 ft above the Lenhardt oil zone.

Henny, Gerard, 1927, Some notes on the geology of the south San Joaquin 

Valley, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 11, no. 6, p. 

611-615.

The basal Miocene sandstone between Cholame and Devil's Den is said 

to be middle Miocene on the basis of Turritella ocoyana and Pecten andersoni. In Franciscan Creek, to the south, Tivela diabloensls occurs in basal 

Miocene beds. Phacoides annulata occurs in the Santa Margarita Formation in Tent Hills.

Henny, Gerard, 1930, McLure shale of the Coalinga region, Fresno and Kings 

Counties, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 14, p. 

403H110.

An assemblage of seven mollusks is recorded from sandstone unconformably underlying his McLure Shale. These were considered to be of late 

Miocene age and correlatable with the fauna of the Santa Margarita Formation because of the occurrence of an Astrodapsis.

Henny, Gerard, 1943, Dudley Ridge gas field [California] : California Div. 

Mines Bull. 118, p. 539-541.

The first Mya zone occurs at the top of the San Joaquin Clay; the Mulinia zone at the top of the Etchegoin.

Herold, C. L., 1937, Further evidence for age of volcanism, Pinnacles National 

Monument, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 21, no. 

10, p. 1341-1344.

"A marine molluscan fauna occurring in a reef near the base of the 

Poncho [Pancho] Rico formation is that of Miocene-Pliocene transition."

Herold, S. C., 1917, Tertiary Nassidae of the west coast of America [abs.] : 

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 28, p. 227. 

A very brief description of the author's review of this gastropod family.
80 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Hershey, O. H., 1902, Some Tertiary formations of southern California: Am. 

Geologist, v. 29, no. 6, p. 349-372.

Marine shells occur in cores of Pliocene rock from near Humphrey's 

Station in the eastern part of the Ventura basin. "Pecten caurinum" is 

recorded from an indefinite locality near German.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1925a, New species of marine fossil Mollusca from western 

North America: Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 24, pt. 2, p; 39-46, 

pis. 3-4.

Described Pecten vancouverensis fernandoensis from a core of the Pliocene Repetto Formation from Long Beach oil field. Other new species are 

described from the Montesano Formation, southwestern Washington.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1925b, Pectens from the Tertiary of Lower California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-35, pis. 1-6.

Sixteen Neogene pectinids, including 13 new species, are described and 

illustrated. Fourteen previously described species of pectinids of Pliocene 

age are also listed.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1928a, Pecten (Patinopecten) loJiri, new name for Pecten 

oweni Arnold, a Pliocene species from California: Nautilus, v. 41, no. 3, p. 

93-94.

Pecten lohri is proposed as a new name for P. oweni Arnold, a homonym.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1928b, Preliminary report on the paleontology of the Channel Islands, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 142-157, pis. 

22-25.

Recognized two Miocene faunal zones on the western Channel Islands 

San Miguel and Santa Rosa the Turritella inezana zone of early Miocene age and the T. ocoyana zone of middle Miocene age. The two zones 

are separated by 300 to 400 meters on Santa Rosa but only about 150 

meters on San Miguel. The faunas of these zones are not listed but 10 new 

species of mollusks are described and illustrated.

Hertlein, L. G., 1929a, The Pliocene of San Diego, California [abs.]: Stanford

Univ. Bull., ser. 5, p. 81-85.

An abstract of Ph. D. thesis on the geology and paleontology of the Pliocene rocks of San Diego, California.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1929b, A new Pecten from the San Diego Pliocene [California] : California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 18, no. 5, p. 215, pi. 24.

Pecten (Plagioctenium) ericellus is described from the San Diego 

Formation.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1929c, Three new specific names for West American fossil 

Mollusca: Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 295-297.

Ostrea erici is described from Pliocene rocks near Scammon's Lagoon, 

Baja California. This species was previously figured as 0. tayloriana by 

Jordan and Hertlein (1926).

Hertlein, L. G., 1931a, Additional Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils from Lower 

California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 4, p. 365-367.

Mollusks from 13 localities of Pliocene or Pleistocene age, most of which 

are on the Gulf side of the peninsula, are recorded.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 81

fiERTLEIN, L. G., 1931b, Changes of nomenclature of some Recent and fossil 

Pectinidae from Japan, Porto Rico, South America, New Zealand, and California : Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 4, p. 367-369.

Pecten crassicardo Mformatis, an upper Miocene taxon from California, 

is renamed P. crassicardo nomlandi,

Hertlein, L. G., 1933, Additions to the Pliocene fauna of Turtle Bay, Lower 

California, with a note on the Miocene diatomite: Jour. Paleontology, v. 7, 

no. 4, p. 439-441.

Twenty-three mollusks, mostly pectinids, are recorded from the lower 

20-30 meters of Pliocene beds that overlie Miocene sediments at the north 

end of Turtle Bay.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1934, New oysters and a new Pecten from the Tertiary 

of California: Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 33, pt. 1, p. 1-6, pis. 

1-2.

Describes Ostrea ashleyi from the Kern River area (middle Miocene) 

and proposes a new name for 0. titan corrugata Nomland [0. titan eucorrguata Hertlein].

Hertlein, L. G., 1935, The Recent Pectinidae, no. 25 in The Templeton Crocker 

Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932: California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 21, no. 25, p. 301-328, pis. 18-19.

Stratigraphic ranges of those living species that have fossil records are 

indicated.

Hertlein, L. G., 1936, Three new sections and rectifications of some specific 

names in the Pectinidae: Nautilus, v. 50, nos. 1 and 2, p. 24-27, 54-58.

Includes discussion of Pecten oweni Gregorio and P. oweni Arnold, a 

Pliocene species from California.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1937 Haliotis koticlci, a new species from the lower Miocene of California: Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 36, pt. 3, p. 93- 

97, pi. 42.

The description is based on one specimen from the Vaqueros Formation, 

Lompoc quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, associated with Lucinoma acutiUneata, Lyropecten miguelensis, and Trophosycon cf. T. ocoyana. Other 

Tertiary occurrences of Haliotis are reviewed.

Hertlein, L. G., 1941, A summary of the knowledge regarding the faunal area 

of tropical West America with special reference to mollusks, in Hill, H. 

W., ed., Proceedings of the dedicatory exercises, Hancock Hall, The Allan 

Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research at the University of Southern 

California: Southern California Univ., Univ. Chron. Ser., no. 7, p. 21-24.

A discussion of the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific origins of tropical eastern Pacific molluscan fauna. Chione (gnidia group), Dosinia, and Solenosteira are Caribbean immigrants; certain Conus, a Oypraea, and a Oymatium are Indo-Pacific immigrants.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1951*, Invertebrate fossils and fossil localities in the San 

Francisco Bay area, in Geologic Guidebook of the San Francisco Bay 

Counties [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 154, p. 187-192.

Five Miocene and Pliocene mollusks are figured. Some collecting localities are indicated.
82 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Hertlein, L. G., 1952, Description of a new pelecypod of the genus Lima from 

deep water off Central California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 27, 

no. 12, p. 377-381, pi. 20, figs. 12 and 13.

The newly described Lima mori n. sp. is compared with a Pliocene species, L. hamlini, from the Los Angeles basin, California.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1957*, Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils from the southern 

portion of the Gulf of California: Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 

56, pt. 2, p. 57-75, pi. 13.

A few faunal assemblages of Pliocene age from islands in the southern 

part of the Gulf of California (San Esteban and Ceralbo Islands) and the 

adjacent coast of Baja California are listed. These consist mostly of 

ostreids and pectinids. A few species are treated systematically.

Hertlein, L. G., 1959, Notes on California oysters: Veliger, v. 2, no. 1, p. 5-10, 

pi. 2.

A late Miocene specimen of Ostrea titan measures 457 mm (about 18 

inches).

Hertlein, L. G., 1960, The subfamily Drupinae (Gastropoda) in the eastern 

Pacific: Veliger, v. 3, no. 1, p. 7-8.

Sistrum hannai Howe (1922), a Pliocene species from the Empire Formation, Coos Bay, Oreg. is included in this family. This species is recorded 

for the first time from Pliocene strata in San Benito County, Calif, (sec. 

26, T. 19 S., R. 11 E.).

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1965, A new genus of gastropod (Drupinae) from the Pliocene of Oregon and California: California Acad. Sci. Occasional Paper 49, 

5 p., 4 figs.

Condonia occurs in the Coos Conglomerate of the Empire Formation in 

southwestern Oregon and in the Etchegoin Formation of San Benito 

County, Calif.

HERTLEIN, L. G., 1966, Pliocene fossils from Rancho El Refugio, Baja California, and Cerralvo Island, Mexico: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 

30, no. 14, p. 265-284.

Lists 36 mollusks of middle Pliocene age from Rancho El Refugio and 

nine mollusks of middle Pliocene age from Isla Cerralvo. Several of these 

taxa are illustrated; new subspecies of Ostrea and Clilamys are described 

and illustrated.

Hertlein, L. G., 1968, Three late Cenozoic molluscan faunules from Baja California, with a note on diatomite from west of San Felipe: California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 30, no. 19, p. 401-405.

Two Pliocene collections from northeastern part of Baja California peninsula about 15.5 and 18.5 miles west of San Felipe, Mexico, include 20 

mollusks that are correlated with the Imperial Formation of southeastern 

California.

HERTLEIN, L. G., and ALLISON, E. C., 1959, Pliocene marine deposits in 

northwest Baja California, Mexico, with the description of a new species 

of Acanthina (Gastropoda) : California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 58, pt. 1, p. 

17-26, 8 pis.

Twenty-seven Pliocene mollusks are recorded from Pliocene strata 

[Cantil Costero Formation] in northwestern Baja California. Acanthina
BIBLIOGRAPHY 83-

emersoni n. sp. is described; Thais transcosana Arnold, a Pliocene speciesfrom central California, is illustrated.

Hertlein, L. G., and Crickmay, C. H., 1925, A summary of the nomenclature 

and stratigraphy of the marine Tertiary of Oregon and Washington: Am. 

Philos. Soc. Proc., v. 64, no. 2, p. 224-282.

A thorough review of paleontologic and stratigraphic reports on the 

marine Tertiary of Oregon and Washington. Many lists of mollusks from 

Miocene and Pliocene formations are included. Although largely a resume 

of previous work, the authors conclude that (1) the Sooke Formation may 

be younger than Oligocene and correlative with the Vaqueros Formation of 

California, (2) the Astoria Formation contains a mixture of warm-water 

and cool-water mollusks, (3) the Empire Formation probably is older than 

the Santa Margarita-San Pablo Formations of California but younger than 

the Monterey-Temblor Formations of California, possibly being correlative 

with the Briones Formation of California, (4) the Montesano Formation 

probably is equivalent to the Empire Formation but the upper part of the 

formation is younger than the Empire Formation, and (5) the fauna of 

the Quillayute Formation is older than that of the Quinault Formation 

and more like the "Upper Miocene in faunal aspect" (p. 271).

Hertlein, L. G., and Emerson, W. K., 1959, Pliocene and Pleistocene megafossils 

from the Tres Marias Islands, in Results of the Puritan-American Museum 

of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico: Am. Mus. Novitates, 

no. 1940, 15 p.

Eighteen mollusks are recorded from localities of Pliocene age of Maria 

Madre and Maria Cleofas Islands.

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U.S., 4th, 1939, Geology and oil possibilities of 

southwestern San Diego County, California: California Jour. Mines and 

Geology, v. 35, p. 57-78.

Twleve mollusks are recorded from the Pliocene San Diego Formation; 

earlier studies of fossils by Dall are reviewed.

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U.S., 4th, 1943, Southwestern San Diego County 

[California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 367-369.

Typical Pliocene mollusks, such as Area (Anadara) trilineata, Pecten 

(Palinopecten) healeyi, and Ostrea vespertina, definitely prove the Pliocene age of the San Diego formation.

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U.S., 4th, 1944a, The Cenozoic Brachiopoda of western North America: California Univ., Los Angeles, Pub. Math. Phys. Sci., 

v. 3, 235 p., 21 pis., 34 figs.

Include several records of Miocene and Pliocene mollusks that occur 

with Neogene brachiopds.

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U.S., 4th, 1944b, The geology and paleontology of 

the marine Pliocene of San Diego, California, Part 1, Geology: San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 2, 72 p.

Species from San Diego area originally described as Miocene by Conrad 

(1855) are of Eocene age. Dall's (1874) list of mollusks from the San 

Diego well is republished with modern nomenclatural assignments. The 

stratigraphy of Pliocene strata of the San Diego area is discussed in 

detail with a few notations on mollusks. The San Diego Formation is con-
84 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

sidered to be of middle Pliocene age. There is an extensive review of previous paleontologic studies in the San Diego area.

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1954, Geology of the Oceanside-San 

Diego coastal area, southern California, [Pt.] 4 in, Chap. 2 of Jahns, R. 

H., ed., Geology of southern California: California Div. Mines Bull. 170, p. 

53-63.

List characteristic Pliocene mollusks from San Diego Formation which 

is considered to be of middle or early late Pliocene age. The invertebrate 

fauna suggests warmer water than now occurs in San Diego area.

HERTLEIN, L. G., and JORDAN, E. K., 1927, Paleontology of the Miocene of 

Lower California: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 16, no. 19, p. 

605-647, pis. 17-21.

List 40 mollusks of Miocene age from near La Purisima and San Ignacio, collected, for the most part, by Marland Oil Co. geologists. Include 

description and illustration of 16 new species. Mollusks from 12 localities 

in Baja California are recorded. Contains a thorough review of previous 

geologic and paleontologic investigations on the Neogene of Baja California.

Hickman, C. J. S., 1969, The Oligocene marine molluscan fauna of the Eugene 

Formation in Oregon: Oregon Univ. Mus. Nat. History Bull. 16, 112 p., 14 

pis.

Several molluscan taxa from the early and middle Oligocene are compared with Miocene species. A correlation chart of Oregon and Washington 

Oligocene strata includes the lower part of the Miocene. Oligocene climates 

were transitional between the tropical and subtropical climates of the 

Eocene and the essentially modern climate and highly provincial molluscan 

faunas of the Miocene.

Higgins, C. G., 1957, Pliocene rocks east of Stewart's Point, Sonoma County, 

California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 68, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1829.

Strata of Pliocene age ranging up to 20 feet in thickness locally rest on 

mollusk-bored, wave-cut terrace surfaces.

Higgins, C. G., 1960, Ohlson Ranch formation, Pliocene, northwestern Sonoma 

County, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 36, no. 3, p. 

199-232, pis. 18-20.

Stratigraphic occurrence and collecting localities in the Pliocene Ohlson 

Ranch Formation are recorded. Paleontology of the mollusks in treated by 

Peck (1960) in a companion paper.

Hill, F. L., 1960, Cantua Creek area of Fresno County [California] : California 

Oil Fields, v. 46, no. 1, p. 11-14. 

The middle Miocene Temblor Formation is reported to be "fossiliferous."

Hill, F. L., 1964a, Harvester gas field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 50, 

no. 1, p. 11-15.

Three mollusks from the San Joaquin Clay and five from the Etchegoin 

Formation are recorded.

Hill, F. L., 1964b, Northwest Trico gas field [California]: California Oil 

Fields, v. 50, no. 1, p. 17-20.

Three mollusks from the San Joaquin Formation and five from the 

Etchegoin Formation are recorded.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 85'

Hill, F. L., 1965, Kettleman Middle Dome oil field [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 51, no. 1, p. 39-46.

Characteristic fossils recovered from well cores include: Mya, Acila 

(Pliocene San Joaquin Clay) ; Pseudocardium, Anadara, Mitrella, and 

Acila (Etchegoin-Jacalitos Formation) ; oysters, pectens, mussels (McLureShale) ; Turritella ocoyana (Temblor Sands) ; Macoma, Mactra (Felix 

silt); Nuculana (Whepley Shale); Turritella inezana (Vaqueros Formation).

Hill, M. L., 1943, Elwood oil field [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 

118, p. 380-383.

A Romulus and mud Pecten zone occurs 80 ft above the base of the 

Temblor Formation in the Elwood oil field, Santa Barbara County, Calif.

Hill, M. L., Carlson, A., and Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1958, Stratigraphy of Cuyama 

Valley-Caliente Range area, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum GeologistsBull., v. 42, no. 12, p. 2973-3000.

A few mollusks are recorded from measured sections of marine Miocene 

formations of the Cuyama Valley-Caliente Range area.

Hill, M. L., and Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1947, Road log, western end of Cuyama 

Valley to Maricopa [California], in Field Trip Guidebook, Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and' 

Mineralogists Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1947: p. 80-81.

Include Baton's (1939) stratigraphic columns for Cuyama Valley and' 

Caliente Range showing some characteristic Miocene mollusks.

Hillis, Donuil, and Woodward, W. T., 1943, Williams and Twenty-Five Hillareas of the Midway-Sunset oil field [California]: California Div. Mines- 

: Bull. 118; p. 526-531.

Mulinia densata occurs at the top of the Etchegoin Formation.

Holman, W. H., 1958, Correlation of producing zones of Ventura Basin oil 

fields [California], in Higgins, J. W., ed., A guide to the geology and oil 

. fields of the Los Angeles and Ventura regions: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Sec. [Guidebook], Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1958, p. 

191-199.

A correlation chart of Cenozoic formations includes a column showing 

macrofossil stages and a few characteristic mollusks.

Hoots, H. W., 1930, Geology and oil resources along the southern border of 

. San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 812-D, p. 243-332, 

Includes lists of Miocene mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation [Turritella ocoyana zone] of the San Emigdio Mountains (21 taxa), the Tejon 

Hills area (seven taxa identified by B. L. Clark), and the Santa Margarita Formation at Comanche Point (25 species also identified by Clark). 

Mulinia densata and other mollusks are reported from the Etchegoin Formation on Little Muddy Creek. Four mollusks of late Miocene or early Pliocene age from near the base of the exposed section in Coaloil Canyon at 

Wheeler Ridge are listed.

HOOTS, H. W., 1931*, Geology of the eastern part of the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

165-C, p. 83-134, pis. 18-33.
86 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Lists 48 mollusks from several collections from the eastern part of the 

Santa Monica Mountains. A rock specimen with casts of "Pecten" raymondi brionianus Trask is figured; 12 other mollusks are reported from 

the basal part of the Modelo Formation. Sixty-seven mollusks are reported 

from Pliocene clay shale near the head of Potrero Canyon. Twelve species 

from exposures of the San Diego Formation in the lower part of Temescal 

Canyon are listed. A tabulation of fossil localities and remarks by W. P. 

Woodring on the various mollusk assemblages are included.

Hopkins, D. M., 1965, Chetvertichnye morskie transgressii na Alyaske (Quaternary transgressions in Alaska), in Antropogenovye period v Arktike i 

subarktike (Anthropogene Period in the Arctic and Subarctic) : NauchnoIssled. Inst. Geologii Arktike Trudy, v. 143, p. 131-144 (in Russian; English translation by Am. Geol. Inst., 53 p.).

Original proposal of a series of time-stratigraphic units to classify late 

Pliocene and Quaternary marine deposits of western Alaska. The fauna of 

four of these Beringian (late Pliocene) and the Pleistocene Anvilian, 

Kotzebuan, and Pelukian are characterized in a stratigraphic diagram 

showing some of the more important mollusks and their occurrences. The 

faunas of the Kruzensternian and Woronzofian are not shown because of 

meagre faunal data. This report is similar to Hopkins' later account 

(1967) of the late Pliocene and Quaternary transgressions written in English.

Hopkins, D. M., 1967a, Introduction, in Hopkins, D. M., ed., The Bering Land 

Bridge: Stanford, California, Stanford Univ. Press, p. 1-6.

Biogeographical reports dealing with migration of marine mollusks 

through Bering Straits during the late Tertiary are reviewed.

Hopkins, D. M., 1967b, Quaternary marine transgressions In Alaska, Chap. 4 in 

Hopkins, D. M., ed., The Bering Land Bridge: Stanford, Calif., Stanford 

Univ. Press, p. 47-90.

Marine beds of Beringian transgression are considered to be of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene age. Twenty-three significant mollusks are 

listed in a stratigraphic chart. Correlative molluscan fauna occur on the 

Arctic Coast, in the Gulf of Alaska, and in the Aleutian Islands.

Hopkins, D. M., and MacNeil, F. S., 1960, A marine fauna probably of late Pliocene age near Kivalina, Alaska, in Short papers in the geological sciences : U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 400-B, p. B339-B342.

Thirteen mollusks are recorded from marine clay near Kivalina, Alaska, 

and from deposits of late Pliocene and Pleistocene age at Nome, Alaska. 

The occurrence of Fortipeoten suggests a late Pliocene age and correlation 

with the submarine beach deposits at Nome.

Hopkins, D. M., MacNeil, F. S., and Leopold, E. B., 1960, The coastal plain at 

Nome, Alaska: a late Cenozoic type section for the Bering Strait region: 

Internat. Geol. Cong., 21st, Copenhagen 1960, pt. 4, p. 46-57.

Marine sand and clay of the "Submarine Beach" at Nome are believed 

to be of late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age. They contain the large pectinid Fortipecten hallae (Dall). Several of the mollusks are identical or 

closely related to species now confined to more southerly, wanner waters 

suggesting warmer climate and lack of sea ice. Include list of mollusks 

and local stratigraphic ranges.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 87

Hopkins, D. M., MacNeil, F. S., Merklin, R. L., and Petrov, O. M., 1965, Quaternary correlations across Bering Strait: Science, v. 147, p. 1107-1114

Correlation of six late Cenozoic transgressions from western Alaska of 

Hopkins with Chukotka sequence of eastern Russian coast. Alaskan transgressions are briefly reviewed with mention of a few key mollusks and recent radiometric age determinations. Molluscan faunas show a progressive 

modernization in which warm-water elements disappear and are replaced 

by elements of the modern Arctic fauna.

Hopkins, D. M., Scholl, D. W., Addicott, W. 0., Pierce, R. L., Smith, P. J., 

Wolfe, J. A., Gershanovich, David, Kotonev, Boris, Lohman, K. E., and 

Obradovich, John, 1969, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Early Pleistocene rocks 

from the continental margin in the Bering Sea: Geol. Soc. America Bull., 

v. 80, no. 8, p. 1471-1480.

Palliolum (Delectopecten) pedroanus (Trask) is reported from dredge 

haul from Zemchug Canyon [identified by O. M. Petrov]. A Neptunea of 

late Pliocene or early Pliocene age was recovered from a dredge haul in 

Pribiloff Canyon.

Hoskins, C. W., 1967, Hydrodynamic significance of mollusks in Pliocene turbidites near Ventura, California [abs.] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., v. 51, no. 3, pt. 1, p. 470.

The orientation of a small unnamed species of pelecypod in Pliocene turbidite beds is related to position within a turbidite sequence. Shells are 

concave up in the lower part and, generally, convex up in the upper part.

HOWARD, P. J., 1935*, Report on Buena Vista Hills, a portion of the Midway-Sunset oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 20, no. 4, p. 

5-22, 7 pis.

Pecten pedcUami occurs in the Maricopa Shale. Several Pliocene and one 

Miocene mollusks from well cores in the southern San Joaquin Valley and 

a few Pliocene specimens from surface exposures are figured.

Howe, H. V., 1921, Correlation of the Empire Formation, Oregon [abs.]: Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 32, p. 147.

The Empire Formation is classified as early Pliocene on the basis of 

many species of mollusks that also occur in early Pliocene formations in 

California; the overlying Coos Conglomerate is also of Pliocene age.

HOWE, H. V., 1922, Faunal and stratigraphic relationships of the Empire Formation, Coos Bay, Oregon: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 14, no. 3, p. 85-114, pis 7-12.

Concludes that the Empire Formation is of early Pliocene age because 

of the similarity of species to other Pliocene formations and the percentage of living species. Also concludes that the Coos Congomerate is part of 

the Empire Formation and not of Pleistocene age. Eight new Pliocene mollusks, some of which are from northwestern California, are described and 

illustrated.

Howe, H. V., 1926, Astoria: Mid-Tertic type of Pacific coast: Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 45, p. 295-306.

The Barker's Ranch fauna of the Temblor Formation in California, and 

the Astoria Formation of Astoria, Oreg., and Lincoln County, Oreg., are 

"for all practical purposes, contemporaneous in time of deposition." Forty-
88 NEO.GENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

three percent of the 89 determinable species are common to both areas. 

The Oregon Miocene shows a closer relationship to the Asiatic side of the 

Pacific Ocean than does the California middle Miocene. Several mollusks 

with oriental affinities show that the Oregon Miocene is a different temperature province from California. Lists "marker" mollusk species for the 

California and Oregon standard sections.

Hoylman, H. W., and Chilingar, G. V., 1965, Geologia petrolera y exploracion 

en Nicaragua: Assoc. Mexicana de Geologos Petroleros Bol., v. 17, nos. 1 

and 2, p. 1-16.

The Pliocene El Salto Formation contains extensive reef deposits composed of large oysters and many other kinds of mollusks. There are also 

widespread coquinas.

Hudson, F. S., and Craig, E. K., 1929, Geologic age of the Modelo Formation, 

California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 13, no. 5, p. 509-518. 

Seven middle Miocene mollusks are recorded from the lower Modelo 

Sandstone at or near the type section (identiiflcation made by A. J. 

Tieje); nine species of late Miocene age are recorded from near the top of 

the Modelo. Other late Miocene species occur in Reasoner Canyon to the 

north. Turritella inezana occurs in the Vaqueros Formation.

Huey, A. S., 1948, Geology of the Tesla quadrangle, California: California Div. 

Mines Bull. 140, 75 p.

Lists 18 mollusks from the Miocene Oursan? Sandstone. Reports a few 

mollusks of middle and late Miocene age from a nearby area that were 

listed in an unpublished master's thesis (Harding, J. W., Jr., 1940, University of California, Berkeley). Also listed are 14 species of mollusks from 

the upper Miocene Cierbo Formation.

Hughes, A. W., 1947, Road log, Gaviota to Santa Maria [California], in Field 

Trip Guidebook, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1947: p. 71-78.

Fossiliferous "reefs" in the Vaqueros Sandstone near Gaviota Creek In 

the Santa Ynez Mountains are characterized by Pecten magnolia, Ostrea 

eldridgei, and Turritella inezana.

Hughes, A. W., 1956, Generalized stratigraphy, Huasna Basin [California], in 

Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Ann. Spring Field Trip, 1956: 

8 p., and map (scale 1 in.=8,000 ft).

Pecten magnolia and Turritella inezana occur in the lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation, Pecten discus in the upper Miocene Santa Margarita 

Formation, and Pecten lellus in the Pliocene Pismo Formation.

Hughes, A. W., 1963, The two sides of Salinas, a biostratigraphic outline of 

Salinas Valley sediments [California], in Guidebook to the geology of 

Salinas Valley and the San Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. Spring 

Field Trip, 1963, p. 94-97.

Ostrea titan reaches an average size of 8 to 12 in. in the type section of 

the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation. A specimen more than 2 ft 

long is used as a door step at a farmhouse near Creston.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 89

Huguenin, E., 1926, Inglewood oil field [California]: California Oil Fields, v. 

11, no. 12, p. 5-15.

Pliocene mollusks from the upper part of the Fernando Formation occur 

at many localities in the Baldwin Hills east of the Inglewood fault.

Irigle, J. C., Jr., 1967, Foraminiferal biofacies variation and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary in southern California: Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 52, no. 

236, p. 217-394.

Includes brief mention of paleoclimatic analyses of middle Miocene, late 

Miocene, early Pliocene, and late Pliocene molluscan faunas from central 

.and southern California. These are compared with paleoclimatic inferences 

from planktonic Foraminifera.

Ingle, J. C., Jr., 1969, Foraminiferal trends and paleobathymetry within the 

Monterey and Santa Margarita Formations, Upper Sespe Creek-Pine Mountain area, Ventura County, California, in Dickinson, W. R., chm., Soc. 

Econ. Mineralogists and Paleontologists, Pacific Coast Sec., 1969 Field Trip 

^Guidebook], Upper Sespe Creek: p. 79-93.

A coquina composed of Ostrea shells occurs stratigraphically above the 

phosphatic part of the Santa Margarita Formation.

Irwin, W. P., 1960, Geologic reconnaissance of the Northern Coast Ranges and 

Klamath Mountains, California: California Div. Mines Bull. 179, 80 p.

A marine molluscan fauna of Miocene age occurs in a 2,200-ft thick 

sandstone and conglomerate unit in the Covelo area. Three mollusks con- 

.sidered to be of Miocene or Pliocene age were recovered from limestone 

float in the Petrolia area. Mollusks from the Wildcat Group are considered 

.to be of Pliocene (?) age. The marine Neogene formations of coastal northwestern California are reviewed.

Isbister, A. K., 1855, On the geology of the Hudson's Bay territories and of 

portions of the Arctic and northwestern regions of America; with a coloured geological map: Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 11, p. 497-520.

Records 33 mollusks from "the tertiary formation" of the Oregon Territory collected by Dana and identified by T. A. Conrad who considered 

them to be Miocene. Fourteen mollusks from the Alaskan Territory identified by Grewingk are also recorded.

JACKSON, H.E., 1966*, Concretions: Pacific Discovery, v. 19, no. 1, p. 12-15.

Illustrates Echinophoria apta Tegland and large Neogene pectinids from 

the Olympic Peninsula, Wash.

Jahns, R. H., 1940, Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, 

with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the 

Tick Canyon formation: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 514 (Contr. to 

Paleontology, IX), p. 145-194.

Four mollusks from localities in the "Modelo" Formation identified by 

B. L. Clark and W. P. Woodring are the basis of assigning a late Miocene 

,age to this formation. Further determinations by U.S. Grant 4th, are 

listed (eight mollusks).

Jahns, R. H., ed., 1954, Geology of southern California: California Div. Mines 

Bull. 170, 878 p.

Includes many articles with information on Miocene and Pliocene mollusks and correlation of marine Tertiary formations of coastal southern 

California and the San Joaquin Valley.
90 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

James, E. L., 1950, New Marine fauna from Coos Bay, Oregon [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 61, no. 12, p. 1539.

Dosima cf. D. merriami Clark occurs in a Miocene assemblage dredged in 

Coos Bay, Oreg.

James, G. T., 1963, Paleontology and nonmarine stratigraphy of the Cuyama 

Valley badlands, California, pt. 1, Geology, faunal interpretations, and systematic descriptions of Chiroptera, Insectivora, and Rodentia: California 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 45, 154 p.

A brief review of the interfingering marine-nonmarine section of the Caliente Range is included. The Miocene provincial mammal ages can be tied 

into early and middle Miocene molluscan faunas in this section.

Janda, R. J., 1969, Age and correlation of marine terraces near Cape Blanco, 

Oregon [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Abstracts with Programs for 1969, pt. 

3, p. 29-30.

Fossiliferous strata of latest Pliocene age crop out north of the mouthof Elk River.

Jeletzky, J. A., 1950, Stratigraphy of the west coast of Vancouver Island between Kyuquot Sound and Esperanza Inlet, British Columbia (preliminary 

report) : Canada Geol. Survey Paper 50-37, 52 p.

A small collection of mollusks (five taxa) from Tertiary rocks at Tatchu 

Point are most likely Miocene and correctable with the Sooke Formation 

according to Ralph Stewart.

Jeletzky, J. A., 1954, Teritary rocks of the Hesquiat-Nootka area, west coast of 

Vancouver Island, British Columbia: Canada Geol, Survey Paper 53-17, 

65 p.

Jeletzky's Division D is correlated with the Sooke Formation of the 

southern part of Vancouver Island and is considered to be "early Miocene (?)." Thirteen mollusks are listed from this division. The "lower Blakeley" fauna including Acila gettysburgensis may be a deeper and quieter 

water facies of the "upper Blakeley" (and Division D and Sooke Formation). Clark and Arnold (1923) observed an interfingering of typical 

"Blakeley" (type Blakeley Formation) and Sooke Formation faunas near 

Carmanah Point, southern Vancouver Island.

Jennings, C. W., and Strand, R. G., 1963, Index to graduate theses on California geology to December 31, 1961: California Div. Mines and Geology 

Spec. Rept. 74, 39 p.

Approximately 1,200 these titles are listed in two sections. One section 

includes areal reports keyed to an index map; the other, topical reports.

Jones, W. P., 1911, The geology of the Sargent oil field [California] : California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 6, no. 3, p. 55-78, pis. 13-18.

Records a few mollusks from Member D of his San Pablo Formation 

and from the Merced Formation.

JORDAN, E. K., and HERTLEIN, L. G., 1926a, Contribution to the geology 

and paleontology of the Teriary of Cedros Island and adjacent parts of 

Lower California, in Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 

1925: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 15, no. 14, p. 409-464, pis. 

27-34.

List 61 species of mollusks of Pliocene age from localities on Cedros Island and on the mainland between Punta Eugenia and Punta Asuncion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY »!

Eight new species of mollusks are described; a few other mollusks are fig^. 

ured.

JORDAN, E. K., and HEETLEIN, L. G., 1926b, A Pliocene fauna from Maria, 

Madre Island, in Expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, in 1925: 

California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 15, p. 209-217, pi. 23.

Fourteen species of mollusks, mostly Ostrea and Pecten, are recorded, 

from localities on Maria Madre Island. Four pelecypods are treated systematically and figured; two of these are new Pecten dallasi and P. able-, 

tis.

KANAKOFF, G. P., 1954, A new Kelletia from the Pliocene of California: Cal-. 

ifornia Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 53, pt. 2, p. 114-117, pis. 29-31.

Kelletia vladimiri is described from the Pliocene Pico Formation 

[Towsley Formation] of the Ventura basin.

KANAKOFF, G. P., 1956, Two new species of Nassarius from the Pliocene of 

Los Angeles County, California: Southern California Ac$d. Sci. Bull., v. 

55, pt. 2, p. 110-113, pis. 30, 31.

Nassarius stocki and N. Mldegardae are described from the PliocenePico Formation [Towsley Formation] of the Ventura basin.

KANAKOFF, G. P., 1966, A new species of Boetica from the Pliocene of Call-- 

f ornia: Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. no. 103, 4 p., 3 figs.

Boetica hertleini is described from expoures of the Pliocen,e Pico Forma-- 

tion [Towsley Formation] of the Ventura basin.

Kanno, Saburo, and Addicott, W. O., 1969, Summary of current investigations on 

Cenozoic marine mollusks of western North America, in Kotaka, Tamio,. 

ed., Symposium on Japanese Neogene molluscan faunas [in Japanese]: 

Fossils, Paleont, Soc. Japan Jour., no. 18, p. 55-61.

Resume of current research and recent publications on. fossil marinemollusks of the eastern North Pacific Ocean.

Kaplow, E. J., 1942, East Coalinga Extension oil field [California]: California 

Oil Fields, v. 28, no. 1, p. 15-29.

The "upper Mulinia" [bed] defines the subsurface contact between theSan Joaquin and the underlying Etchegoin Formation.

Kasline, F. E., 1941, Edison oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 26, 

p. 12-18.

Dentalium is characteristic of cores from the Miocene "Freeman-Jewetfc 

undifferentiated" [Silt] which is 257 feet thick in Jergens well "Hay" no. 

1 (sec. 22, T. 30 S., R. 20 E.).

KAUFFMAN, E. G., 1969, Systematics and evolutionary position of a new Ter^. 

tiary Thyasira (Bivalvia) from Alaska: Jour. Paleontology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 

1099-1100, pi. 127.

. Thyasira alasTcana is described from the upper part of the Nuwok Foix 

mation (Miocene or Pliocene) of the Arctic coast of Alaska.

Keen, A. M., 1936a,' Revision of cardiid pelecypods [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, 

Proc. for 1936, p. 367.

A new name [unspecified] for a distinctive group of cardiids including. 

"Cardium" nuttallii and "G." meekianum is needed. Ten species can be re-, 

ferred to this genus; the earliest occurrence of the unnamed genus is in. 

the late Miocene.
 92 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Keen, A. M., 1936b, A new pelecypod genus of the family Cardiidae: San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 8, no. 17, p. 119-120.

Three Neogene cardiids are assigned to the newly proposed genus Glinocardium: 0. coosense (Ball), G. meekianum (Gabb), and C. yakatagense 

(Clark).

Keen, A. M., 1937, An abridged check list and bibliography of West North 

American marine Mollusca: Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, 87 p.

A useful compilation of geographic distribution of modern shallow-water 

mollusks of the eastern North Pacific in which ranges are reported to 

nearest degree of latitude. Bibliography (1908-36) includes several papers 

dealing in part with fossil mollusks.

Keen, A. M., 1939, New Typhis from the California Miocene [abs.] : Geol. Soc. 

America Bull., v. 50, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1972.

A new species of Typhis is recorded from the Bound Mountain Shale 

[Silt] near Bakersfield, Calif. Other mollusks from this unit indicate correlation with the Gatun Formation of Panama.

Keen, A. M., 1940, The percentage method of stratigraphic dating: Pacific Sci. 

Gong., 6th, Proc., v. 2, p. 659-663.

A critical discussion of the Lyellian method of correlation of Tertiary 

strata based upon percentages of living species of mollusks. The consequence of plotting Lyell's original percentages, and a more modern interpretation of these percentages, on a time scale based upon Teritary epochs 

of equal duration and on an absolute time scale is indicated. In neither do 

these percentages approximate a straight line as would be expected if speciation proceeded at a constant rate during the Tertiary. It is concluded 

that Lyellian correlation is useful for establishing the general sequence of 

faunal units in a given region but that it cannot be used for refined age 

determination.

Keen, A. M., 1942, A statistical analysis of the percentage of living species of 

mollusks in the Vaqueros Formation, in Schenck, H. G., and Childs, T. S., 

Jr., Significance of Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) californica, new species, in the Vaqueros formation (Tertiary), California: Stanford Univ. 

Pubs., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 35-37.

By eliminating doubtful identifications of living mollusks from the 

Vaqueros lists of Loel and Corey (1932) [aff., ct, or sp.] the living component of the fauna is greatly reduced to less than 3 percent suggesting 

an Oligocene age in terms of Lyellian correlation. Modern workers concede 

the Oligocene to have from 1 to 3 percent of living species.

KEEN, A. M., 1943, New mollusks from the Round Mountain silt (Temblor) 

Miocene of California: San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 25-60, pis. 3-4.

Describes 19 new species of mollusks, and one new pelecypod subgenus, 

from the middle Miocene of the Kern River area. A columnar section and 

a geologic map are included. The fauna of Kern River area is correlated 

with Caribbean, Gulf Coast, and European sections. Seventy-seven mollusks are recorded from a locality in the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt.

Keen, A. M., 1944, Catalogue and revision of the gastropod subfamily 

Typhinae: Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 50-72, 20 text figs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 93

Typhis lampada, a Miocene species from the San Joaquin basin, California, is included in the subgenus Talityphus.

Keen, A. M., 1951, Outline of a proposed classification of the pelecypod family 

Cardiidae: Southern California Conchological Club Min., no. Ill, p. 6-8.

Familial and generic classification of cardiids including many genera 

represented in the Pacific coast Neogene.

Keen, A. M., 1951, Outline of a proposed classification of the pelecypod family 

Veneridae: Southern California Conchological Club Min., no. 113, p. 1-10. 

Familial and generic classification of venerids including many genera 

represented in the Pacific coast Neogene.

Keen, A. M., 1954a, Nomenclatural notes in the pelecypod family Veneridae: 

Southern California Conchological Club Min., no. 139, p. 50-55.

An undescribed species of Ventricolaria occurs in the California Miocene.

KEEN, A. M., 1954b, Five new species and a new subgenus in the pelecypod 

family Cardiidae: Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 35 (no. 153), 24 p., 1 pi.

Describes Clinocardium praeblandum from the Briones Formation, California, C. pristinum from the Neroly Formation, California, C. hannibali 

from the Montesano Formation, southwestern Washington, and Nemocardium griphus from the Astoria Formation of southwestern Washington. 

Arctopratulum is proposed as a new subgenus of Nemocardium. The 

known Neogene species of Nemncardium and Clinocardium are reviewed.

Keen, A. M., 1958, Sea shells of tropical West America, marine mollusks from 

Lower California to Colombia: Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, 624 

p., illus.

A valuable systematic catalog of the modern shallow, warm-water fauna 

of the eastern Pacific. Included are taxonomic notes, geographic and bath- 

. ymetric ranges, and illustrations of almost all of the species.

Keen, A. M., with the assistance of Eugene Coan, 1963*, Marine molluscan 

genera of western North America, an illustrated key: Stanford, CalifStanford Univ. Press, 126 p.

A key to modern molluscan .genera of the Pacific coast that is very 

useful in the identification of Neogene mollusks. Includes a section in 

which bathymetric ranges, substrate associations, and generalized geographic range data are indicated for each genus.

Keen, A. M., 1968, Cenozoic invertebrate paleontology, western United States, 

in Moore, R. C., and others, Developments, trends, and outlooks in paleontology : Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 6, p. 1334.

A brief resume of the development of invertebrate paleontology of the 

Pacific coast. Periods of activity in paleontological research have been keyed 

to periods of exploration for mineral resources. Future work is expected to 

permit greater refinement in age dating.

Keen, A. M., [n.d.], Supplement to "An abridged check list * * *": Papers on 

west American marine mollusca, published during the years 1937 to 1956. 

[n.p., n.d.] 131.

A supplement to the bibliography in Keen (1937) including 186 additional references.

468-965 72 7
94 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Keen, A. M., and Bentson, Herdis, 1940, Check list of California Tertiary 

marine mollusca [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 51, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 

1972-1973.

An objective listing of literature pertaining to Tertiary mollusks of California in which all references containing illustrations of fossil specimens 

are arranged alphabetically by class. The work was later published by 

Keen and Bentson (1944).

Keen, A. M., and Bentson, Herdis, 1944, Check list of California Tertiary 

marine Mollusca: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 56, 280 p.

An extremely useful report that includes citations arranged alphabetically by genus and species of all illustrated Tertiary fossils up to and 

including 1941 (1,737 species of pelecypods, gastropods, and scaphopods). 

Each entry includes bibliographic reference, locality, formation, specimen 

number, and, usually, an indication of the most up-to-date generic allocation. Brief consideration is given to the paleogeographic significance of the 

number of species per epoch, history of molluscan paleontology in California, and broad aspects of faunal composition. A list of frequently mentioned fossil localities of the U.S. Geological Survey, California Academy 

of Science, Stanford University, University of California (Berkeley), and 

San Diego Society of Natural History is included.

Keenan, M. F., 1932, The Eocene Sierra Blanca Limestone at the type locality 

in Santa Barbara County, California: San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., 

v. 7, no. 8, p. 53-84.

Pecten lompocensis and other unnamed Miocene fossils belived to represent the "Temblor age" occur in strata directly overlying the Sierra Blanca 

Limestone.

Kennett, W. E., 1952, San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island south of Santa 

Rosa fault, Santa Rosa Island north of Santa Rosa fault, Santa Cruz 

Island south of Santa Cruz fault, in Redwine, L. E., chm., and others, 

Cenozoic correlation section paralleling north and south margins [of the] 

western Ventura basin from Point Conception to Ventura and Channel 

Islands, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the 

Cenozoic of the Geologic Names and Correlations Committee, 2 sheets.

Pecten crassicardo, P. miguelensis, and Turritella ocoyana are reported 

from the Monterey Formation. T. ocoyana and P. crassicvardo are reported 

from the Conejo Volcanics. Turritella inezana, T. ocoyana, T. tritschi, T. 

temblorensis, Pecten miguelensis, Rapana vaquerosensis, and Spondylus 

occur in the Rincon Formation. Tivela occurs in the Vaqueros Formation.

Keroher, G. C., and others [14], 1966, Lexicon of geologic names of the United 

States for 1936-1960: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1200, 4341 p.

This a companion volume to Wilmarth (1938) but with narrower coverage Mexican and Canadian names are not included and paleontologic 

terms are omitted. Includes age, geographic distribution, location of type 

section, original reference and brief description. Fossil names are included 

in some descriptions, that is, Pecten estrellanus in the original description 

of the middle Miocene Bitter Creek Sandstone of Dibblee (1951).

Kerr, P. F., and Schenck, H. G., 1925, Active thrust faults in San Benito 

County, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 36, no. 3, 465-494.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 95

Three mollusks are recorded from the Vaqueros Formation (lower Miocene). Ostrea titan corrugata is reported from upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation east of the San Andreas fault. Seven mollusks are 

reported from "marine lower Pliocene" in the San Benito area.

Kew, W. S. W., 1914, Tertiary echinoids of the Carrizo Creek region in the 

Colorado Desert: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 5, 

39-60, pis. 1-5.

Includes a list of 39 mollusks that occur with echinoids at three localities in his Carrizo Formation: Carrizo Creek, Coyote Mountain, and Yuha 

Buttes.

Kew, W. S. W., 1919, Geology of a part of the Santa Ynez River district, 

Santa Barbara County, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept Geology 

Bull., v. 12, no. 1, p. 1-21.

Both the Turritella inezana and Turritella ocoyana faunas are recognized in his Vaqueros Sandstone. A few species are recorded from each. 

Pliocene rocks mapped as the Fernando Formation contain Nassa californica Conrad.

Kew, W. S. W., 1923, Geologic formations of a part of southern California and 

their correlations: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 7, no. 4, p. 

411-420.

Turritella inezana and Pecten magnolia are characteristic of the 

Vaqueros Formation. Pecten raymondi is the most common species in the 

Modelo Formation.

Kew, W. S. W., 1924, Geology and oil resources of a part of Los Angeles and 

Ventura Counties, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 753, 202 p.

Mollusks are recorded from the Vaqueros Formation, Topanga Formation, Modelo Formation, Pico Formation, and Saugus Formation.

Kew, W. S. W., 1927, Geologic sketch of Santa Rosa Island, Santa Barbara 

County, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 38, no. 4, p. 645-654.

The Vaqueros Formation includes Turritella inezana and other fossils 

characteristic of the Vaqueros Formation elsewhere. Strata containing T. 

ocoyana are included in the upper part of this unit.

Kew, W. S. W., and Stoner, R. C., 1913, Monterey Series on the south side of 

Mount Diablo, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 24, p. 129.

The fauna from this unit includes both early and late Miocene assemblages.

Kilkenny, J. E., 1948, Geology and exploration for oil in Salinas Valley, California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, p. 2254-2268.

The Vaqueros Formation in its type section on Vaqueros Creek consists 

of 2,000 feet of marine sandstone containing [in the upper part] "the Turritella inezana megafossil assemblage" (p. 2258).

Kilmer, F. H., 1965, A Miocene dugongid from Baja California, Mexico: Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 64, pt. 2, p. 67-74.

Subtropical marine genera Lyropecten, Godakia, Strombus, Turritella, 

Cypraea, Terebra, and Chione occur with dugongid remains in the Ysidro 

Formation near La Purisima, Baja California. The age of the Ysidro is 

considered to be early or middle Miocene.
96

Kilmer, F. H., 1968, Preliminary report on the geology of Cedros Island, Baja 

California, Mexico [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Program, 64th Ann. Mtg., 

Tucson, Ariz., Apr. 11-13,1968, p. 72.

Fossiliferous Pliocene sandstone and conglomerate occur on Cedros 

Island.

Kincaid, Trevor, 1957, Local races and clines in the marine gastropod Thais 

lamellosa, a population study: Seattle, The Calliostoma Co., 75 p., 55 pis.

This species, referred to the subgenus Nucella, had its origin in the 

North Pacific during the late Miocene, having undergone notable expansion 

and differentiation during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The stock from 

which the modern JV. lapillus of the North Atlantic fauna was derived 

originated in the North Pacific. The local races of N. lapillus exhibit 

remarkable parallelism with those of T. lima of the North Pacific. 

Klausing, E. L., and Lohman, K. E., 1964, Upper Pliocene marine strata on 

the east side of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 475-D, p. D14-D17.

Maooma and Cryptomya, identified by E. J. Moore, are reported from 

core of Pliocene (?) marine strata near Richgrove, Tulare County, Calif. 

The occurrence is stratigraphically below beds containing late Pliocene 

marine diatoms.

Kleinpell, R. M., 1930, Zonal distribution of the Miocene Foraminifera in Reliz 

Canyon, California: Micropaleontology Bull., v. 2, no. 2, p. 27-32.

Turritella inezana occurs in the upper part of the Vaqueros Formation 

on the divide between Reliz and Vaquero Canyons. Sandstone generally 

mapped as Santa Margarita [Formation] in Reliz Canyon contains Crepidula.

Kleinpell, R. M.^ 1934, Difficulty of using cartographic terminology in historical 

geology: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 18, no. 3, p. 374-379.

The newly proposed Zemorrian Stage based upon benthonic foraminifers 

from the California Coast Ranges includes strata that contain the Turritella inezana "horizons" of Loel and Corey (1932).

Kleinpell, R. M., 1938, Miocene stratigraphy of California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, 450 p.

Definitive biostratigraphic study of benthonic foraminiferal assemblages 

of the California Miocene. Many stratigraphic records of Miocene mollusks 

are reviewed as is the relationship of the molluscan sequence to the newly 

proposed sequence of Miocene foraminiferal stages.

Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1961, Oligocene boundary problems in the 

Transverse Ranges, California [abs.] : Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists-Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, 

Pacific Sec., and San Joaquin Geol. Soc., Guidebook, Spring field trip, 1961, 

p. 40.

Molluscan and foraminiferal biostratigraphy play an important role in 

the delineation of Oligocene time-stratigraphic boundaries in the Transverse Ranges.

Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1963a, Foraminiferal faunas from the 

Gaviota and Alegria Formation, in Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W.,
BIBLIOGRAPHY 97

Oligocene biostratigraphy of the Santa Barbara embayment, California: 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 43, pt 1, p. 1-77.

Included is a check list of mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation (18 

species).

KLEINPELL, R. M., and WEAVER, D. W., 1963b, Oligocene biostratigraphy of 

the Santa Barbara embayment, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. 

Sci., v. 43, 250 p., 38 pis.

Includes three parts, each of which contains data on Miocene mollusks: 

(1) Oligocene foraminiferal faunas, (2) Oligocene mollusks, and (3) systematic catalog and locality descriptions. Parts 1 (Kleinpell and Weaver, 

1963a) and 2 (Weaver and Kleinpell, 1963) are listed separately in this 

bibliography.

Kleinpell, R. M., Weaver, D. W., and Doerner, D. P., 1967, Glimpses of the 

Paleogene depositional record west, north, northeast, and east of the Gabilan Mesa: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Pacific Section, Pacific Section 

Sco. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Guidebook, Gabilan Range 

and adjacent San Andreas Fault, p. 38-44.

Four species of mollusks are recorded from the type section of the 

Vaqueros Formation. The upper few hundred feet of the Vaqueros in the 

type area contains foraminiferal assemblages referable to the lower part 

of the Saucesian Stage.

Kobal, A. L., Jr., 1967, Index to graduate theses and dissertations on California geology 1962 through 1965: California Div. Mines and Geology, Mineral Inf. Service, v. 20, no. 8, p. 98-103.

A supplement to Jennings and Strand (1963) in which 236 theses are 

listed in two sections. One section includes areal reports keyed to an index 

map; the other, topical reports.

Kobayashi, Teiichi, and Shikama, Tokio, 1961, The climatic history of the Far 

East, in Nairn, A. E. M., Descriptive paleoclimatology: New York Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 292-306.

The fauna of the Asagian State of Japan (early Miocene) is related to 

Vaqueros fauna of California.

Koch, J. G., 1966, Late Mesozoic stratigraphy and tectonic history, Port 

Orford-Gold Beach area, southwestern Oregon coast: Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., v. 50, no. 1, p. 25-71, 22 figs.

Five mollusks from an unnamed Miocene (?) formation near Port 

Orford are recorded.

Kotaka, Tamio, 1960, Similarity in the turritellid phylogeny in the later Cenozoic: Tohoku Univ. Sci. Repts., 2d ser. (Geology), spec. v. 4, p. 301-308.

Includes a review of the middle Miocene to Recent [Holocene] Turrltella cooperi stock of California. Phylogenetic development is represented 

by appearance and strengthening of secondary spiral sculpture in this 

stock.

Kummel, Bernhard, 1956, Post-Triassic nautiloid genera: Harvard Univ. Mus. 

Comp. Zoology Bull., v. 114, no. 7, p. 324-494, illus. 

The distribution of Aturia angustata is indicated in a table.
98 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Kundert, C. J., 1952, Geology of the Whittier-La Habra area, Los Angeles 

County, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Kept 18, 22 p.

Lists nearly 50 species of mollusks from 20 localities in the Pliocene 

Pico Formation and eight species from a locality in the upper part of the 

underlying Repetto Formation, also of Pliocene age. The Repetto mollusks 

suggest a shallow water environment whereas Foraminifera from surrounding localities indicate bathyal depths: 2,000-4,000 ft

Landes, Henry, 1902, Creation of a state geological survey and an outline of 

the geology of Washington: Washington Geol. Survey, v. 1, Ann. Rept. for 

1901, pt I, p. 11-35.

A Mytilus bed at Bruceport in southwestern Washington is believed 

by W. H. Ball to be of Pliocene age.

La Perouse, J. F. de G., 1797, Voyage de La Perouse autour du monde, public" 

conforme'ment au d6cret du 22 avril 1791, et r6dig6 par M. L. A. Miet-Mureau: Paris, Imprimerie de la Republique, v. 2, 298 p.

According to Miller (1961) "manteau royal" found on an expedition in 

the Lituya District is the earliest known record of a fossil pectinid from 

the west coast of North Ameica.

LaRocque, Aurele, 1953, Catalogue of the Recent Mollusca of Canada: Canada 

Natl. Mus. Bull. 129, p. 1-406.

Includes Miocene and Pliocene records for some modern marine mollusks 

from western Canada.

Lawrence, E. D., 1960, Morales oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 

46, no. 2, p. 96-105.

Ostrea titan occurs in the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation 

and several taxa, including Turritella inezana var. hoffmani, occur in the 

lower Miocene Painted Rock Sandstone Member of the Vaqueros Formation.

Lawrence, B. D., 1964, Guadalupe oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, 

v. 50, no. 2, p. 71-77.

Megafossil fragments are characteristic of the upper Pliocene Careaga 

Formation.

Lawson, A. C., 1893a, The geology of Carmelo Bay, with chemical analyses and 

cooperation in the field, by Juan de la C. Posada: California Univ. Pubs., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. 1, no. 1, p. 1-59.

Eight mollusks from exposures of his Monterey Series near Carmelo 

Bay, Monterey County, identified by W. H. Dall, are recorded.

Lawson, A. C., 1893b, The Post-Pliocene disatrophism of the coast of Southern 

California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 1, no. 4, p. 

115-160.

Contains a list of Pliocene and Recent [Holocene] fossils found in the 

vicinity of Mussel Rock.

Lawson, A. C., 1894, The geomorphogeny of the coast of northern California: 

California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 1, p. 241-271.

Includes a list of mollusks identified by J. C. Merriam that are considered to be of Pliocene age because 39 percent of the species are extinct.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 99

Lawson, A. C., 1914, San Francisco, California (Tamalpais, San Francisco, 

Concord, San Mateo, and Hay ward quadrangles) : U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. 

Atlas, Folio 193, 25 p.

Molluscan assemblages from three faunal zones of the Monterey Group 

(Sobrante Sandstone; Claremont Shale, Oursan Sandstone, Tice Shale, 

Hambre Sandstone, and Rodeo Shale; Briones Sandstone) are listed. Mollusks from the San Pablo Formation are also listed. Identifications are by 

J. C. Merriarn and B. L. Clark.

Lawson, A. C., and Palache, Charles, 1901, The Berkeley Hills, a detail of 

Coast Range geology [California] : California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology 

Bull., v. 2, no. 12, p. 349-450.

Report two mollusks from shales in their Monterey Series and eight 

from sandstone and limestone units in the Monterey.

Leffingwell, E. de K., 1919, The Canning River region, northern Alaska: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 109, 251 p.

Includes a list of fossils of late Tertiary age from Carter Creek, northeastern Arctic Coast of Alaska identified by W. H. Dall (p. 130). These 

were subsequently listed, some as new species, by Dall (1920).

Leith, C. J., 1949, Geology of the Quien Sabe quadrangle [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 147, p. 1-35.

Includes the statement that Taliaferro found "upper Vaqueros fossils" in 

a sedimentary unit overlying strata of Cretaceous age and underlying the 

Quien Sabe volcanics. The statement came from an unpublished report 

that no one has been able to find subsequently.

Lerbekmo, J. F., 1961, Genetic relationship among Tertiary blue sandstones in 

central California: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 594-602.

Late Miocene and Pliocene marine blue sand formations of central California are related to source areas and paleogeography. They are believed 

to have been derived from andesitic sources. Includes a correlation chart 

and paleogeographic maps but no mollusk identifications.

LINDSAY, G. E., 1965*, A fossil hunt: Pacific Discovery, v. 18, no. 6, p. 18-24, 

illus.

Figures Pecten refuffioensis Hertlein, a late Miocene species from the 

Cape region of Baja California. Many other mollusks occur with this pectinid.

LIVINGSTON, VAUGHAN E., JR., 1959*, Fossils in Washington: Washington 

Div. Mines and Geology Inf. Circ. 33, 35 p.

Lists a few fossil localities of late Tertiary age and includes line drawings of some later Tertiary molluscan genera.

Loel, W. F., 1918, Vaqueros Formation in California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., v. 29, p. 165.

Abstract: "The horizon markers and principal features show this division of the Lower Miocene to be a distinct and true formation, both faunally and lithologically." .

Loel, Wayne, and Corey, W. H., 1931, Geologic history of the Vaqueros period 

in California: Petroleum World, v. 28, no. 8, p. 55, 77.

A connection between the Pacific and Caribbean permitted a Caribbean 

fauna to migrate northward along the California coast during the early
100 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Miocene. A paleogeographic map of their Vaqueros Period indicating the 

greatest extent of the early Miocene sea depicts northwest-oriented embayments and insular masses in the southern part of the California Coast 

Ranges.

LOEL, WAYNE, and COREY, W. H., 1932, The Vaqueros formation, Lower 

Miocene of California; [pt] 1, Paleontology: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 31-140, pis. 4-65.

The definitive work on the Vaqueros Formation together with a comprehensive review of mollusks from the Temblor Formation. Both names are 

used as time-stratigraphic terms although not specified as such. Included 

are a paleogeographic map, locality map, locality descriptions, lists of fossils by localities and regions, illustrations and descriptions of most of the 

Vaqueros mollusks, and sections on biozones and paleoecology. In the 

latter, authors considered the Temblor faunas to be more diverse than 

those of the Vaqueros; the increase in diversity was attributed to new 

tropical immigrants and cooler water species that inhabited new niches 

provided by deepening of marine basins in the Temblor.

Longinelli, A., and Nuti, S., 1968, Oxygen-isotope ratios in phosphate from 

fossil marine organisms: Science, v. 160, p. 879-882.

Record oxygen-isotope composition of phosphate and carbonate for Miocene and Pliocene oysters from California: Ostrea titan, 0. vespertina, 0. 

herrmanni, and 0. sp.

Louderback, G. D., 1913, The Monterey series in California: California Univ. 

Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 7, no. 10, p. 177-241.

The concept of the Monterey series is extended to include the Turritella 

Jioffmanni or T. inezana zone [early Miocene of current usage and now 

disassociated from the Monterey Formation]. Concludes that the Vaqueros 

Formation and the Temblor Beds were coeval. The bulk of the report consists of an extended discussion of previous work on the Monterey including reference to several paleontologic studies.

Louderback, G. D., 1951, Geologic history of San Francisco Bay [California] : 

California Div. Mines Bull. 154, p. 75-94.

Exposures of the Merced Formation between Mussel Rock and Lake 

Merced yield abundant marine fossils [mollusks]. The southern part of the 

exposures include a fauna of which about 63 percent are still living 

whereas in the northern part about 100 percent are still living. These 

units are regarded as upper Pliocene and lower Pleistocene.

Lowe, D. R., 1969, Santa Margarita Formation (Upper Miocene), upper Sespe 

Creek area, Ventura, County, California, in Dickinson, W. R., Soc. Econ. 

Mineralogists and Paleontologists, Pacific Coast Section, 1969 Field Trip 

[Guidebook], Upper Sespe Creek: p. 56-62.

Aequipecten discus (Conrad) is reported from the lowermost member of 

the Santa Margarita Formation (White Sandstone Member) and Ostrea 

titan and Cerithium sp. are reported from the Middle Sandstone Member.

LUTZ, G. C., 1951, The Sobrante sandstone: California Univ. Pubs., Dept 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 28, no. 13, p. 367-406, pis. 15-18, 3 text figs.

Thirty-four mollusks are recorded from the Sobrante Sandstone including two newly named species; 23 mollusks are illustrated. A geologic map
BIBLIOGRAPHY 101

of the Pacheco syncline and columnar sections of the Pacheco syncline and 

the Bear Creek anticline show the position of fossil localities.

McCulloch, D. S., 1967, Quaternary geology of the Alaskan shore of Chukchi 

Sea, Chap. 5 in Hopkins, D. M., ed., The Bering Land Bridge: Stanford, 

Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, p. 91-120.

Neptunea n. sp. aff. N. despecta, Astarte Jiemicvmata, and Fortipecten 

hallae are listed from marine sediment on wave-cut bedrock platform at 

Kivalina, on the Bering coast of Alaska. The molluscan fauna including 22 

taxa (not listed) suggests a late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age.

McLAUGHLIN, R. P., and WARING, C. A., 1914*, Petroleum industry of California : California Mining Bur. Bull. 69, 519 p., atlas.

Characteristic mollusks from the Vaqueros, Monterey, Puente, Santa 

Margarita, Jacalitos, Fernando, and Etchegoin Formations (17 spp.) are 

illustrated.

McLEAN, J. H., 1964, New species of Recent and fossil West American Aspidobranch gastropods: Veliger, v. 7, no. 2, p. 129-133.

Macrarene diegensis is described from the Pliocene San Diego Formation.

McLean, J. H., 1969, Marine shells of southern California: Los Angeles County 

Mus., Sci. Ser. 24, Zoology no. 11, 104 p., 54 figs.

A useful reference for identification of shallow water mollusks of the 

modern California molluscan province, many of which occur in rocks of 

Pliocene age in southern and central California. Includes bathymetric, substrate, and geographic range data and illustrations of 318 species.

McMasters, J. H., 1943, Buena Vista Hills area of the Midway-Sunset oil field 

[California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 517-518.

Subsurface zones in the Etchegoin Formation include (from highest to 

lowest) the Mulinia densata zone, Bittium zone, sub-Mulinia or sub-Btttium zone, and Pecten oweni zone. Some of these are shown in a generalized geologic column.

McMasters, J. H., 1947, Cymric oil field, Kern County, California, in Field Trip 

Guidebook, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1947: p. 100-106.

Lists a few "fossil markers" [mollusks] for Pliocene formations in a 

composite stratigraphic column for Cymric field.

MacKenzie, J. D., 1916, Geology of Graham Island, British Columbia: Canada 

Geol. Survey Mem. 88, 221 p.

Includes a list of 17 mollusks from the Skonun Formation of northern 

Graham Island identified by Whiteaves and originally listed by Dawson 

(1880) ; four other taxa identified by Ralph Arnold are also listed. The 

. fauna was considered to be of Miocene or Pliocene age.

MACNEIL, F. S., 1957> Cenozoic megafossils of Northern Alaska: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 294-C, p. 99-123, pis. 11-17.

Lists 26 mollusks from Tertiary strata (Nuwok Formation of Ball, 

1919) along Carter Creek, Camden Bay, Alaska, most of which are also 

figured and treated systematically. Two new species are described from
102 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

this unit. The fauna shows relationship to the North Atlantic but not to 

the Pacific suggesting that there was no communication between the polar 

sea and the Pacific at that time. Some of the Quaternary pelecypods are 

believed to be related to Miocene species from the western North Pacific.

MacNeil, F. S., 1957, Selected mollusks from the Poul Creek and Yakataga 

Formations, Yakataga and Malaspina Districts, Alaska, showing tentative 

identifications and stratigraphic range: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. 

Map OM-187, sheet 2, table 1.

The stratigraphic ranges of 69 significant mollusks of Oligocene and 

Miocene age and the number of collections upon which these local ranges 

are based are shown on the chart. There are a few taxonomic notations on 

the chart.

MACNEIL, F. S., 1961, Lituyapecten (new subgenus of Patinopecten) from 

Alaska and California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 354-J, p. 225-237, 

pis. 35-46.

Treats eight species of Lituyapecten, a new subgenus, from Miocene and 

Pliocene formations of California and Alaska; three of these are new. 

Traces the development of two stocks of this subgenus during the Neogene.

MACNEIL, F. S., 1965, Evolution and distribution of the genus Mya, and Tertiary migrations of Mollusca: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 483-G, 51 p., 

11 pis.

The definitive report on the genus Mya with particular reference to 

North Pacific species. All of the Miocene and Pliocene species from western North America are figured; one new species is described from the late 

Miocene of California. The genus reached the Atlantic during the late Miocene by way of the Arctic Ocean. Migrations within the Pacific have generally been from west to east. The genus is divided into two subgenera, 

Mya (Mya) and Mya (Arenomya), based on configuration of the ligamental callus.

MACNEIL, F. S., 1967, Cenozoic pectinids of Alaska, Iceland, and other northern regions: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 553, 57 p., 25 pis.

The definitive account of fossil pectinids of the North Pacific in which 

all of the known Alaskan pectinids are described and figured. A new subgenus, Leochlamys, and several new species of Miocene and Pliocene pectinids are described. Several pectinids migrated from the Pacific to the Atlantic during the late Cenozoic but none are known to have migrated from 

the Atlantic into the North Pacific. Middle Tertiary pectinids of the 

Pacific coast that have European aflinities migrated into the North Pacific 

by way of an Indian Ocean or a Tethyan route.

MACNEIL, F. S., MERTIE, J. B., JR., and PILSBRY, H. A., 1943, Marine 

invertebrate faunas of the buried beaches near Nome, Alaska: Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 17, no, 1, p. 69-96.

The high percentage of extinct species in the Intermediate Beach and 

the Inner Submarine Beach deposits (27-46 percent) indicates a Pliocene 

age. The marine climate was warmer than at present during deposition of 

these fossiliferous strata. Fifteen new species or subspecies are described 

by MacNeil from the Intermediate Beach. Many other species are figured 

and treated systematically. Thirty-nine species are listed from the Inner
BIBLIOGRAPHY 103

Submarine Beach, 41 are listed from the Intermediate Beach; almost all 

of these are mollusks.

MacNeil, F. S., Wolfe, J. A., Miller, D. J., and Hopkins, D. M., 1961, Correlation of Tertiary formations of Alaska: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., v. 45, no. 11, p. 1801-1809.

Include marine sections from the Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province, 

Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, and Arctic coast. Many previously 

unpublished age determinations are included.

Maddern, A. G., 1914, Mineral deposits of the Yakataga district [Alaska] : U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 592-E, p. 119-153.

Miocene fossils determined by W. H. Dall from a 1,000- to 1,500-ft upper 

Miocene sandstone, shale, and conglomerate unit (24 localities) are recorded. The fossils are correlated with the Empire Formation of Oregon. 

Miocene and Oligocene fossils occur in an underlying unit consisting of 

3,000 ft of sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.

Maher, J. C., and Trollinan, W. M., 1968, Geological literature on the San Joaquin Valley of California: U.S. Geol. Survey, prepared In cooperation with 

the U.S. Dept. Navy, Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves, 

415 p. [on 208 p.]. Released to open files, March 27, 1967.

Includes published and unpublished reports on the San Joaquin Valley 

including parts or all of 11 countries Alameda, Calaveras, Contra Costa, 

Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and 

Tulare. The report includes literature pertaining to petroleum geology: 

stratigraphy, paleontology, structure, and geophysics.

MANDRA, Y. T., 1949, A new species of Mytilua from the Pliocene of Humboldt County, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 104-105.

Lists 11 common mollusks from unnamed Pliocene strata on Boulder 

Creek, Blue Lake quadrangle, Humboldt County, Calif.; Mytilus highoohiae is described.

Mandra, Y. T., 1963, Buttle Diatomite, a new member of the Monterey Formation, Salinas Valley, California, in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas 

Valley arid the San Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. Field Trip, 1963, 

p. 104-105.

Sixteen mollusks from the basal conglomerate of the Pancho Rico Formation at the type locality of the Miocene Buttle Diatomite member of the 

Monterey Formation are listed (identifications by L. G. Hertlein). Two 

pectinids from the same stratigraphic position about 5 miles to the northwest were considered to be of Delmontian Age by J. W. Durham.

Mangum, Doris, 1967, Geology of Cape Lookout State Park, near Tillamook, 

Oregon: Ore Bin, v. 29, no. 5, p. 85-111.

Lists seven mollusks from the Astoria Formation identified by W. O. 

Addicott. The fossil locality, near Cape Lookout, is shown on a geologic 

map.

MANNING, G. A., and OGLE, B. A., 1950, Geology of the Blue Lake quadrangle, California: California Div. Mines Bull. 148, p. 1-36, pis. 1-13, text 

figs. 1, 2.
104 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

List mollusks from four localities in their Falor Formation (Pliocene). 

The largest assemblage includes 27 mollusks. Identifications are by Ogle 

and L. G. Hertlein. Mytilus aff. M. middendorffi Grewingk, n. sp., and 

"Mytilus edulis Linneaus," n. var., are figured.

Mansfield, W. C., 1932, Pliocene fossils from limestone in southern Florida: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 170-D, p. 43-56, pis. 14-18.

Compares five newly named Pliocene pelecypods from Florida with species occurring in the Imperial Formation of southeastern California. 

Reviews published accounts of age of Imperial Formation noting the similarities between certain Florida Pliocene mollusks and species from the 

Imperial.

MARCOU, JULES, 1858, Geology of North America; with two reports on the 

prairies of Arkansas and Texas, the Rocky Mountains of New Mexico, and 

the Sierra Nevada of California, originally made for the United States 

government; Zurich, 144 p., + vi, 7 pis., 3 maps [From GSA Spec. Paper 

56 Keen and Bentson].

Ostrea virginica californ.ica is described from Tertiary strata near Carrizo Creek, Imperial County, Calif.

Marks, J. G., 1943, Type locality of the Tejon formation: California Div. 

Mines Bull. 118, p. 534-538.

B. L. Clark collected a pelecypod from the Tecuya Formation in Reed 

Canyon that resembles Macoma nasuta and further suggests that the Tecuya interfingers with the marine Vaqueros Formation.

Marks, J. G., 1951, Miocene stratigraphy and paleontology of southwestern Ecuador : Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 33, no. 139, 163 p., pis. 1-9.

Several species from the Round Mountain Silt near Bakersfield, Calif., 

are compared with species from the Miocene Subibaja Formation of southwestern Ecuador.

Marsh, O. T., 1960, Geology of the Orchard Peak area, California: California 

Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 62, 42 p.

Lists Pecten andersoni from his lower Temblor Sandstone and Lyropeoten crassicardo from his upper Temblor Sandstone.

Martin, Bruce, 1912, Fauna from the type locality of the Monterey Series in 

California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 7, no. 7, p. 

143-150.

Lists 10 mollusks from the lower part of the type Monterey Formation 

and three each from the middle and upper parts.

Martin, Bruce, 1913, Faunal relations of the upper Neocene in the Sargent oil 

fields, California [abs.] (with discussion by .A. C. Lawson, B. L. Clark, F. 

M. Anderson, and J. C. Martin) : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 24, p. 129.

Abstract: "The results of recent work in this field and the close faunal 

relations with the Etchegoin formation of the Coalinga region were dis 

cussed."

MARTIN, BRUCE, 1914, Descriptions of new species of fossil Mollusca from 

the later marine Neocene of California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 7, p. 181-202, pis. 19-22.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 105

A systematic report in which 16 new gastropods and one new pelecypod 

from the Pliocene of the California Coast Ranges are described and illustrated.

Martin, Bruce, 1916, The Pliocene of middle and northern California: California Univ. Pubs., Bept. Geology Bull., v. 9, no. 15, p. 215-259, tables 1-3.

Lists Pliocene mollusks from the lower part of the type Merced Formation, upper type Merced Formation, Bolinas Bay Merced Formation, 

"Merced Formation" of Ano Nuevo Bay, "Merced Formation" of Pillar 

Point, "Merced Formation" of Sargent oil field, two divisions of the Wildcat Formation, "upper Miocene" at mouth of Bear River, Purisima Formation south of Halfmoon Bay; Etchegoin of the Sargent oil field. Pliocene 

strata at Cape Blanco, Oreg., are reviewed but no species are listed.

Martin, G. C., 1905, The petroleum fields of the Pacific coast of Alaska ***: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 250, 64 p.

A few molluscan genera from exposures of the Katalla Formation near 

Controller Bay, identified by T. W. Stanton and considered by him to be 

of Tertiary age, are listed. A small assemblage of mollusks of late Oligo* 

cene or early Miocene age collected from Kayak Island is recorded; the 

identifications are by W. H. Dall and Ralph Arnold.

Martin, G. C., 1908, Geology and mineral resources of the Controller Bay region, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 335,141 p.

Mollusks from the Katalla Formation identified by W. H. Dall and 

Ralph Arnold are recorded. Nine mollusks from middle Tertiary strata on 

Kayak Island are also listed. Several doubtfully identified genera are 

listed from the Stillwater Formation. Two doubtfully identified marine 

genera, Nassa"! and Mactra or Spisulal, occur in the Kushtaka Formation. 

Several molluscan genera are recorded from localities in the Tokun Formation. All identifications are by Ball. Martin concluded that the entire 

sequence was of post-Eocene age.

Martin, G. C., 1921, Preliminary report on petroleum in Alaska: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 719, 83 p., 11 pis., 6 figs.

A Miocene pectinid occurs in the Katalla Formation. W. H. Ball's determinations of fossils from Katalla area (in Maddren, 1914) are reviewed.

Martin, H. A., and Rouse, G. E., 1966, Palynology of late Tertiary sediments 

from Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia: Canadian Jour. Botany, 

v. 44, p. 171-208.

A review of work on marine invertebrates from the Skonun Formation. 

The formation is believed to be of "either late Miocene or early Pliocene!' 

age (p. 173) at Skonun Point on megafossil evidence.

Martin, Lewis, 1952, Some Pliocene Foraminifera from a portion of the Los 

Angeles Basin, California:.Cushman Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, 

pt. 3, p. 107-141.

Pecten fragments occur in a 300-ft measured section of Pliocene siltstone 

in downtown Los Angeles.

Masuda, Koichiro, 1962, Tertiary Pectinidae of Japan: Tohoku Univ. Sci. 

Repts., ser. 2, v. 33, no. 2, 238 p., 27 pis.

Many pectinids from the eastern North Pacific Neogene are similar to 

Japanese species.
106 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

MAXSON, J. H., 1933*, Economic geology of portions of Del Norte and Siskiyou Counties, north westernmost California: California Jour. Mines and 

Geology, v. 29, nos. 1 and 2, p. 123-160, illus.

The Wimer Formation contains a marine molluscan fauna including Peoten discus Conrad which is indicative of Miocene age. Casts of a Macoma 

and a pectinid are figured. Pecten parmeleei occurs in the St. George Formation once exposed beneath the wharf at Crescent City.

Meade, R. F., 1966, Nature of the Santa Barbara Zone [California] [abs.] : 

Geol. Soc. America Program 1966 Ann. Mtgs., p. 137-138.

The Santa Barbara faunal zone includes many extinct, northward-living, 

submergent mollusks of late Pliocene and (or) early Pleistocene age. Volcanic ash from near the base is dated by Yeats and others (1966) at 8.7 

m.y. The base of the Santa Barbara faunal zone is temperature controlled. 

All of the molluscan assemblages are of inner sublittoral aspect

Meade, B. F., 1987, Paleoecology of Santa Barbara zone, Pliocene of southern 

California [abs.] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 51, no. 3, pt. 1, 

p. 474-475.

The Santa Barbara faunal zone is composed of Pliocene and Pleistocene 

mollusks including extinct, extralimital northern, submergent forms. The 

mollusks lived in 15-50 fathoms of water but were subsequently displaced 

into deeper water depths of 100 fathoms or more. The Fernando Formation below the Santa Barbara zone contains assemblages indicative of 

water temperatures about the same as today, whereas the stratigraphically 

higher Santa Barbara zone includes mollusks living today in cooler waters 

off southernmost Canada. The highest part of the Cenozoic section includes 

mollusks indicative of water temperatures not markedly different from 

modern temperatures at this latitude.

Meek, F. B., 1864, Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America, Miocene : Smithsonian Misc. Colln., v. 4, pub. 183, p. 1-32.

Many species from California and Oregon are listed. There is a section 

with taxonomic notes.

Mendenhall, W. C., 1910, Notes on the geology of Carrizo Mountain and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Jour. Geology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 336-355. 

Lists descriptions for several Miocene fossil localities with brief comments on a few localities pectens, oysters, Mated, Strombus, etc. The 

collections had not as yet been studied by paleontologists at the time the 

report was written.

MERRIAM, C. W., 1941, Fossil Turritellas from the Pacific coast region of 

North America: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 1, 

p. 1-214, pis. 1-4L

A comprehensive treatment of one of the most important goups of Cenozoic mollusks of the Pacific coast. Species are classified according to 

"stocks" [subgenera], most of which show clear-cut phylogenetic development. Stratigraphic ranges of the five Neogene "stocks" are indicated on a 

chart. The systematic section includes extensive discussions of variation, 

ontogenetic changes, and geographic occurrence. Eight new specific or subspecific Neogene taxa are described.

Merriam, J. C., 1895, A list of type specimens in the Geological Museum of the 

University of California, which have served as originals for figures and
BIBLIOGRAPHY 107

descriptions in the paleontology of the State Geological Survey of California under J. D. Whitney. Compiled for the use of workers in California 

geology, by John C. Merriam: California Univ. Dept. Geology Bull., 3 p.

Seventeen species of Miocene and Pliocene mollusks described by W. M. 

Gabb are listed [reference from Vogdes (1896, p. 21-23)].

Merriam, J. C., 1896, Note on two Tertiary faunas from the rocks of the southern coast of Vancouver Island [British Columbia] : California Univ. Pubs., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. 2, no. 3, p. 101-108.

Mollusks from the type Sooke Formation and from rocks near Carmanah Point to the northwest are recorded. The latter fauna was considered to be significantly older than that of the Sooke Formation which was 

considered to be of middle "Neocene" age.

MERRIAM, J. C., 1897, New species of Tertiary molluscs from Vancouver 

Island [British Columbia] : Nautilus, v. 2, p. 64-65.

Contains description of four new species of mollusks from the Sooke 

Formation and one from beds at Carmanah Point. These were subsequently illustrated by Merriam (1899).

MERRIAM. J, C., 1899, The fauna of the Sooke Beds of Vancouver Island 

[British Columbia] : California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 1, no. 6, p. 

175-180, pi. 23.

The redescription and initial illustration of five species of mollusks 

named by Merriam in 1897. Lists 25 molluscan taxa from the Sooke and 

the known Miocene, Pliocene, and Holocene occurrences of these concluding that the fauna is of middle "Neocene" age.

Merriam, J. C., 1900, List of fossils in the oil and gas yielding formations of 

California, in Watts, W. L., Oil and gas yielding formations of California: 

California Mining Bur. Bull. 19, p. 218-224.

Lists Miocene fossils from Santiago Canyon, Piru Creek, and Big Tar 

Canyon [as lower Neocene]; middle Neocene ("San Pablo Group" [Pliocene, in part]) from Puente Hills and Piru Creek area; upper Neocene 

("Pliocene") from shallow well near San Juan Capistrano.

Merriam, J. C., 1904, A note on the fauna of the lower Miocene in California: 

California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 3, no. 16, p. 377-381.

Three divisions of the Miocene are recognized in Contra Costa County: 

the lowest division is characterized by Agasoma gravida [San Ramon 

Formation] ; the middle or Monterey Shale fauna is characterized by 

Pecten peckhami, Tellina congesta, and Leda; the upper differs from 

the overlying San Pablo by the presence of Trochita costellata and other 

mollusks. The Agasoma zone of Contra Costa County includes both the 

Turritella hoffmani \T. inezana] and T. ocoyana zones found farther south 

in California. The T. ocoyana zone, as developed at Kern River, is more 

modern in appearance and contains more recent living species than the T. 

hoffmani zone. The T. hoffmani zone is found principally in coastal California; the T. ocoyana zone in both coastal and inland areas. This suggests that the sea reached farther east during the deposition of the latter 

zone.

Merriam, J. C., 1916, Mammalian remains from the Chanac Formation of the 

Tejon Hills, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull!, v. 10, 

no. 8, p. 111-127.
108 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Includes a note on two Miocene faunas of the Tejon Hills furnished by 

B. L. Glark in which seven mollusks are listed from the Vaqueros or Temblor and 21 are listed from the Santa Margarita. The latter assemblage is 

correlated with the Santa Margarita of the Coalinga area to the northwest

Merriam, J. C., 1921, An outline of progress in paleontological research on the 

Pacific coast: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 12, no. 3, p. 

237-266.

A resume of paleontological studies on marine invertebrates including a 

bibliography.

Merriam, J. C., and Pack, R. W., 1913, Suggested paleontologic correlations between continental Miocene deposits of the Mohave region and marine Tertiary beds of San Joaquin Valley, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., v. 24, p. 128.

Marine mollusks of early Miocene age are associated with continental 

vertebrates of late Miocene age at a locality in the Tejon Hills, Keip 

County, Calif. The discrepant ages may indicate incorrect correlation with 

marine standards of the Atlantic coast and vertebrate standards of the 

Great Plains area.

Merrill, F. J. H., 1914, The counties of San Diego, Imperial [California] : California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 14, p. 635-743.

A bed of Ostrea vespertina Conrad occurs near Carrizo Creek, Imperial 

County.

Mertie, J. B., Jr., 1931, Notes on the geography and geology of Lituya Bay, 

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 836-B, p. 117-135.

A fauna collected from Ctenopah Island and identified by W. H. Dall includes more than 40 genera considered to be of Miocene age. Other collections from ths area identified by Dall and by W.C. Mansfield were correlated with the Empire Formation (Pliocene) of coastal Oregon. There are 

20 mollusks in the largest collection.

Mertie, J. B., Jr., 1938, The Nushagak District, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 903 p., 96 p.

Twelve mollusks from a locality in the Nushagak Formation near Nushagak identified by W. H. Dall are listed. These were regarded as correlative with the Astoria Formation of Oregon.

Metzger, D. G., 1969, The Bouse Formation (Pliocene) of the Parker-Blythe-Cibola area, Arizona and California, in Geological Survey research: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-D, p. D126-D136.

Six marine mollusks identified by A. Myra Keen and Dwight W. Taylor 

(Halodakra, Diplodonta, Macoma, Mulina?, Batillaria, Barleeiaf) suggest 

a brackish-water environment.

Metzner, L. H., 1935, The Del Rey Hills area of the Playa del Rey oil field 

[California] : California Oil Fields, v. 21, no. 2, p. 5-26.

Mollusks from cores of the conglomerate overlying schist basement identified by W. H. Corey are considered to be of late Miocene age [Mytilus 

cf. mathewsoni Gabb, Ostrea sp., Pecten rwymondi brionianus Trask, Pecten crassicardo var., Calyptraea inornata (Gabb)].
BIBLIOGRAPHY 109

MILLER, A. K., 1947*, Tertiary nautiloids of the Americas: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 23, 234 p., 100 pis.

Pacific coast Miocene occurences of Aturia angustata and A. alaskensis 

are noted. Aturia sp. occurs in the San Ramon Formation in association 

with five mollusks of late Oligocene or early Miocene age. These taxa are 

illustrated.

MILLER, A. K., and DOWNS, H. R., 1950*, Tertiary nautiloids of the Americas : Supplement: Jour. Paleontology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 1-18,10 pis.

Figure Miocene specimens of Aturia angustata (Conrad)? from the 

upper part of the Twin River Formation, Wash., and from the Temblor 

Formation near Mt. Poso oil field, Kern County, Calif.

Miller, D. J., 1951, Preliminary report on the geology and oil possibilities of 

the Katalla District, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file Rept, 66 p.

Part of the Katalla Formation may be of Miocene age. The Yakataga 

Formation is of Miocene age. Many of the species listed by Clark (1932) 

from the Yakataga Formation are actually from the underlying Poul 

Creek Formation. Some of the stratigraphic ranges of diagnostic mollusks 

in the Poul Creek and Yakataga Formations are shown on a correlation 

chart. Paleontologic determinations are by H. E. Vokes.

Miller, D. J., 1953, Late Cenozoic marine glacial sediments and marine terraces 

of Middleton Island, Alaska: Jour. Geology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 17-42.

Twenty-four species of mollusks identified by F. S. MacNeil are listed 

together with ecologic and zoogeographic inferences. A Pliocene or Pleistocene age is indicated. Includes stratigraphic section and geologic map 

showing fossil localities.

Miller, D. J., 1957, Geology of the southeastern part of the Robinson Mountains, Yakataga district, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map 

OM-187, scale 1:63,360.

Lists 69 mollusks in a stratigraphic range chart for the Poul Creek and 

Yakataga Formations; the localities are shown on a geologic map and on 

measured sections.

.Miller, D. J., 1961, Stratigraphic occurrence of Lituyapecten in Alaska: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 354-K, p. 241-248.

Includes correlation chart showing stratigraphic occurrence of eight Miocene and Pliocene species of Lituyapecten and Patinopecten in southeastern Alaska. The Tertiary sequence of the Gulf of Alaska is divided into 

three parts. The lower Tertiary is in part nonmarine but includes marine 

invertebrates indicative of tropical or subtropical conditions. The middle 

Tertiary consists of marine strata of somewhat deeper bathymetric aspect 

and warm temperate to subtropical water conditions. The upper Tertiary 

unit is wholly marine, of shallow water aspect, and includes marine tillite. 

It contains mollusks indicative of cool temperate to boreal marine climate.

Miller, D. J., Payne, T. G., and Gryc, George, 1959, Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1094,127 p.

Local glaciatiori which began during the middle or late Miocene is indicated by the marine invertebrate fauna [mostly mollusks] and marine glacial deposits in the Gulf of Alaska area.

Miller, R. H., and Bloom, C. V., 1937, Mountain View oil field [California] : 

California Oil Fields, v. 22, no. 4, p. 5-36.

468-965 72 8
110 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

"PJiolas borings are common" in the lower part of the Chanac Formation, "dementia pertenuis, large variety," was recovered from a core from 

the Chanac Formation suggesting a Miocene age. Casts of Mya and Gryptomya occur in cores from the lower part of the Chanac Formation in the 

northwestern edge of the oil field.

Miller, R. H., and Ferguson, G. C., 1943, Mountain View oil field [California] : 

California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 565-570.

Pholas, or possibly worm borings, are of common occurrence in the 

Chanac Formation. A megafossil assemblage from the Wharton sand is 

similar to those occurring in the type Santa Margarita Formation.

Miller, R, H., and Ledingham, G. W., 1943, Fruitvale oil field [California]: 

California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 562-564.

A few pelecypods are recorded from the upper 600 feet of the Santa 

Margarita Formation and from the Etchegoin Formation.

Milow, E. D., and Ennis, D. B., 1961, Guide to geologic field trip of southwestern San Diego County [California], in Field Trip Guidebook, San Diego 

County, 57th Ann. Mtg. Cordilleran Sec., Geol. Soc. America, 1961: p. 

23-43. 

List seven mollusks from the Pliocene San Diego Formation.

Mina U., Federico, 1956, Bosquejo Geologico de la parte sur de la Peninsula de 

Baja California: Internat. Geol. Gong., 20th, Mexico City, 1956, Excursiones A-7, 79 p. 

Pliocene mollusks are recorded from the Almejas Formation.

Mina U., Federico, 1957, Bosquejo geol6gico del Territoria sur de la Baja California [Mexico] : Asoc. Mexicana Geologos Petroleros BoL, v. 9, nos. 3 y 4, 

p. 139-269.

Lists mollusks from the San Raymundo Formation (middle Miocene), 

the San Ignacio Formation (upper Miocene), and the Almejas Formation 

(Pliocene). Paleogeographic maps of the Miocene (three divisions) and the 

Pliocene are included.

Minch, J. A., 1966, Franciscan detritus in the Mid-Tertiary succession between 

Tijuana and Rosarito Beach, northwestern Baja California, Mexico [abs.] : 

Geol. Soc. America Program, Ann. Mtg., Reno, Nev., April 6-9, 1966, p. 56. 

Miocene (?) marine fossils occur in the lower 200 ft of a succession of 

basalt, tuff, conglomerate, and sandstone along the northwestern coast of 

Baja California.

Minch, J. A., 1967, Stratigraphy and structure of the Tijuana-Rosarito Beach 

area, northwestern Baja California, Mexico: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 

78, no. 9, p. 1155-1178.

Includes list of 18 mollusks from two localities in his Rosarito Beach 

Formation (Miocene or Pliocene). Lists a few mollusks from the Pliocene 

San Diego Formation.

Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1961, A new walrus from the Imperial Pliocene of southern California: with notes on odobenid and otariid humeri: Los Angeles 

County Mus. Contr. Sci., no. 44, 28 p.

The new walrus, Valenictus imperialensis n. sp., was collected from an 

Ostrea-Anomia bioherm in the mouth of Painted Gorge on the east Flank 

of Coyote Mountain.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 111

Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1965, History of research at Sharktooth Hill, Kern County, 

California: Kern County History Soc. and Kern County Mus. Spec. Pub., 

45 p.

A resum6 of investigations on middle Miocene vertebrate fossils from 

Sharktooth Hill with brief mention of reports dealing with mollusks.

Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1966, The Miocene pinniped Allodesmus: California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 61, 46 p.

The middle Miocene Sharktooth bed and bone bed at Sharktooth Hill 

near Bakersfleld, Calif., lacks marine invertebrates excepting one pectinid. 

This may have been the result of recurrent noxious water-blooms of dinoflagellates that would not have affected relatively fast-moving marine vertebrates. Selective leaching of marine invertegrates is ruled out because no 

casts have been found in the extensively collected deposit. Two Miocene 

pectinids occur with Allodesmua on San Clemente Island, southern California.

Mitchell, E. D., Jr., and Lipps, J. H., 1965, Fossil collecting on San Clemente 

Island [Californial] : Pacific Discovery, v. 18, no. 3, p. 2-8.

Miocene pelecypods occur in sandstones exposed in the "south basin," 

near the middle of San Clemente Island.

Mitchell, E. D., Jr., and Repenning, C. A., 1963, The chronologic and geographic range of Desmostylians: Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci., no. 

78, 20 p.

List a few mollusks occurring with early, middle, and late Miocene specimens of Desmostylus in California and a late Miocene occurrence of 

Paleoparadoxia. A chart depicts the chronologic range of Desmostylians 

and Sirenians in terms of the late Tertiary marine chronologies of Europe, 

the northeastern Pacific, and the western Pacific.

Mongin, Denise, 1959, Study of some American Miocene lamellibranchs and 

comparison with related European species: Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 39, 

no. 180, p. 283-343, pis. 24-27.

Neogene species of Lyropecten and Patinopecten from California are 

related to certain Atlantic coast and European pectinids.

Mongin, Denise, 1968, Les Pectinides du Miocene de la Guadeloupe (Antilles 

Franchises) : Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 54, no. 245, p. 471-510, pis. 40-50. 

Pacific coast Lyropecten, characteristic of the Miocene, is the equivalent 

of Mediterranean Gigantopecten and western Atlantic NoAipecten.

MOODY, C. L., 1916, Fauna of the Fernando of Los Angeles: California Univ. 

Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 10, no. 4, p. 39-62, pis. 1-2.

One hundred forty-seven mollusks, including 11 new species, are recorded from Pliocene strata uncovered during excavation for a building in 

downtown Los Angeles. The fauna is of boreal aspect representing a comparatively shallow water environment; more than 16 percent of the living 

component is restricted to more northern waters.

Moore, B. N., 1930, Stratigraphic relations of the Turritella inezanat and 

Turritella ocoyanal zones of the Santa Ana Mountains, Orange County, 

California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 41, p. 212.

Turritella mezana and T. ocoyana are reported to have nonoverlapping stratigraphic ranges and to be separated, in this area, by a discon-
112 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

formity. One specimen of T, inezana occurring in the basal part of the T. 

ocoyana zone is believed to have been reworked.

Moore, E. J., 1962, Conrad's Cenozoic fossil marine mollusk type specimens at 

the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 114, no. 2, p. 23-120.

Cenozoic mollusks from the western United States described by Conrad 

that were deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 

are reviewed. Many of the types are missing. A biographic sketch of 

Conrad and an extensive bibliography of his publications are included.

MOORE, E. J., 1963, Miocene mollusks from the Astoria Formation in Oregon: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419,109 p., 33 pis.

The definitive paleontologic treatment of the larger marine invertebrate 

fauna of the middle Miocene Astoria Formation of Oregon. The systematic 

section includes treatment of 97 species of mollusks, 11 of which are new. 

The report includes an extensive annotated list of reports dealing with the 

Astoria Formation and its fossils.

MOORE, E. J., 1968*, Fossil mollusks of San Diego county [California] : San 

Diego Soc. Nat. History Occasional Paper 15, 76 p., 34 pis.

Figures 19 Pliocene mollusks from localities in San Diego County.

Moore, G. W., 1969, New formations on Kodiak and adjacent islands, Alaska: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1274-A, p. A27-A35.

Middle and early Miocene mollusks occur in the Narrow Cape Formation 

on Kodiak and Sitkinak Islands. Nassarius cf. N. andersoni is reported 

from the Pliocene Tugidak Formation.

Moore, G. W., and Silver, E. A., 1968, Geology of the Klamath River Delta, 

California, in Geological Survey research: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

600-C, p. C144-C148.

Two pelecypods from the St. George Formation are identified by W. O. 

Addicott and are considered to corroborate an earlier age determination 

of Pliocene.

MOORE, R. C., ed.,. and COX, L. R., NEWELL, N. D., BOYD, D. W., BRANSON, C. C., CASEY, RAYMOND, CHAVAN, ANDRfi, COOGAN, A. H., 

HERTLEIN, L. G., KAUFFMAN, E. G., KEEN, A. M., LaROCQUE, 

AURELE, McALESTER, A. L., MOORE, R. C., NUTTAL, C. P., PERKINS, 

B. F. PURI, H. S., SMITH, L. A., SOOT-RYEN, T., STENZEL, H. B., 

TRUEMAN, E. R., TURNER, R. D., and WEIR, JOHN, 1969*. Mollusca 

b, Bivalvia, pt. N of the Treatise on invertebrate Paleontology: Lawrence, 

Kans., Kansas Univ. Press, v. 1 and 2, illus.

Includes many references and figures pertaining to eastern North Pacific 

taxa.

MOORE, R. C., ed., and KNIGHT, J. B., COX, L. R., KEEN, A. M., SMITH, 

A. G., BATTEN, R. L., YOCHELSON, E. A., LUDBROOK, N. H., ROBERTSON, ROBERT, YONGE, C. M., and MOORE, R. C., I960*, Mollusca 

1 *** Scaphopoda Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda [in part]*** 

pt. I of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Lawrence, Kans., 

Kansas Univ. Press, 351 p., 216 figs.

Includes many references and figures pertaining to eastern North Pacific 

taxa.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 113

Morse, R. R., and Bailey, T. L., 1935, Geological observations in the Petaluma 

district, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. no. 10, p. 1437-1456.

A middle Miocene faunal assemblage characterized by Area monterej/' 

ana occurs in Carneros Creek about 20 miles east of Petaluma. A pelecypod resembling Monia (Pododesmus) has been recovered from a well core 

about 300 ft above the base of the Petaluma Formation in strata considered to be of Pliocene age.

Musser, E. H., 1930, Buttonwillow gas field [California]: California Oil Fields, 

v. 15, no. 3, p. 5-20.

Characteristic mollusks (genera) mark the change from nonmarine to 

marine deposition at about 2,700 ft in wells (upper part of the Etchegoin 

Formation). At 3,730 ft another fossiliferous bed is found in which marine 

and freshwater forms occur together.

Nations, J. D., 1968, A new species of Cancroid crab from the Pliocene of California : Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no 1., p 33-36, pi. 10.

Three mollusks occur at the type locality of Cancer davidi n. sp. Mollusks from the Etchegoin Formation suggest a minimum average winter 

temperature of 13° C or higher.

Natland, M. L., 1957, Paleoecology of west coast Tertiary sediments, chap 17. 

in Ladd, H. S., ed. Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology: Geol. Soc. 

America Mem. 67, p. 543-572, illus.

Some common Miocene and Pliocene molluscan index species are indicated on stratigraphic columns for some California Tertiary basins.

Natland, M. L., and Rothwell, W. T., Jr., 1954, Fossil Foraminifera of the Los 

Angeles and Ventura regions, California, [pt] 5 in chap. 3 of Jahns, R. 

H., ed., Geology of southern California: California Div. Mines Bull. 170, p. 

33-42.

A few Oligocene to Miocene [early Miocene] mollusks from the VaquerosSespe Formations and middle Miocene mollusks from the Topanga Formation are indicated on a composite stratigraphic section of the Los Angeles basin.

Nelson, E. W., 1899, General description of the Tres Marias Islands: Mexico: 

North Am. Fauna, no. 14, p. 7-12.

Marine fossils occur on Maria Madre Island.

Nelson, R. N., 1925, Geology of the hydrographic basin of the upper Santa 

Ynez River, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 

15, no. 10, p. 327-396.

The Temblor Sandstone contains a Turritella ocoyana fauna. A Turritella resembling T. inezana and Pecten peclchami are reported from rocks 

mapped as undifferentiated Monterey Formation. Elsewhere this formation 

contains fossils characteristic of the Temblor Sandstone.

Neuerberg, G. J., 1953, Geology of the Griffith Park area, Los Angeles County, 

California : California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 33, 29 p.

Twenty-two species from localities in the Topanga Formation are recorded.

Newton, V. C., Jr., 1969, Subsurface geology of the Lower Columbia and Willamette basin, Oregon: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries Oil 

and Gas Inv. no. 2, 121 p.
114 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Includes a correlation chart showing Pacific coast microfaunal stages, 

molluscan stages, and the stratigraphic sequence of Tertiary formations of 

northwestern Oregon.

Nicol, David, 1964, An essay on size of marine pelecypods: Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 38, no. 5, p. 968-974.

Oatrea titan from California Miocene reaches as much as 300 mm by 140 

mm in size.

NOMLAND, J. O., 1916a, Fauna from the lower Pliocene at Jacalitos Creek 

and Waltham Canyon, Fresno County, California: California Univ. Pubs., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. 9, no. 14, p. 199-214, pis. 9-11.

Nine new species of mollusks are described from the Jacalitos Formation. Seventy-eight mollusks are recorded from localities on Jacalitos and 

Waltham [?Warthan] Creeks.

NOMLAND, J. O., 1916b, Relation of the invertebrate to the vertebrate faunal 

zones of the Jacalitos and Btchegoin formations in the North Coalinga 

region, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 9, no. 6, 

p. 77-88, pi. 7.

Describes and illustrates three new species of Pliocene gastropods. The 

Pliocene invertebrate fauna of the Etchegoin Formation north of Coalinga 

is subdivided into four faunal zones; the lowest zone, the Glyoymerls zone, 

has by far the largest number of species. The Jacalitos Formation of this 

area contains no marine fossils.

NOMLAND, J. O., 1917a, The Btchegoin Pliocene of middle California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 10, no. 14, p. 191-254, pis. 6-12.

Includes an index map showing important Pliocene localities (27) in 

California. Lists 87 species from the lower Etchegoin "Jacalitos." Other 

lists of Etchegoin mollusks from near Lonoak and Big Sandy Creek are 

included. Water temperatures were warmer than today during deposition 

of the Etchegoin; no cold water phases are indicated. The faunas from his 

Chione elsmerensis, Turritella nova, Pecten coalingensls, and Mya japonioa 

zones are listed. Sixteen new species of Pliocene mollusks are described.

Nomland, J. 0., 1917b, Fauna of the Etchegoin Pliocene of middle California 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 28, p. 229-230.

The Etchegoin Formation includes all post-Santa Margarita strata and 

is of Pliocene age. Four distinct faunal zones are recognized in this formation.

NOMLAND, J. O., 1917c, Fauna of the Santa Margarita beds in the North 

Coalinga region of California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., 

v. 10, no. 18, p. 293-326, pis. 14-20.

Fifteen new molluscan taxa are described and illustrated. Santa Margarita assemblages from the Tejon Hills, San Luis Obispo area [at base of 

"Monterey" Shale], Coalinga, type section near Santa Margarita, and Nacimiento River are recorded.

Normark, W. R., and Curray, J. R., 1968, Geology and structure of the tip of 

Baja California, Mexico: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 11, p. 

1589-1600.

Pecten specimens of Pliocene age were dredged from about 500 meters 

off the southeast tip of Baja California.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 115

Oakeshott, G. B., 1950, Geology of Placerita oil field, Los Angeles County, California : California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 43-79.

A Cryptomya resembling upper Pliocene forms from the San Joaquin 

Valley occurs in the upper part of the Upper Pico Formation. The Sunshine Ranch Member of the Pico Formation contains abundant marine 

rnegafossils near the type locality. These extend upwards into the middle 

part of the formation. The basal coquina beds were once mined for lime.

Oakeshott, G. B., 1958, Geology and mineral deposits of San Fernando quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California: California Div. Mines Bull. 172, 

147 p.

Mollusks from the upper Miocene Modelo Formation, the lower Pliocene 

Repetto Formation, and the lower part of the Pico Formation are listed. 

Identifications are by several paleontologists. The localities are shown on 

a map.

OBERLING, J. J., 1964, Observations on some structural features of the pelecypod shell: Sonderdruck aus den Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden 

Gesellschaft in Bern, Neue Folge, 20 Band, 60 p., 6 pis., 3 figs.

Several Neogene species from the Pacific Coast States are listed among 

the 230 species examined, thin sections of a few of these fossil species are 

illustrated. The pelecypod shell consists of two kinds of deposits: palliostracum secreted by the mantle and myostracum secreted over muscle 

attachment areas. Three kinds of shell structure are recognized: nacroprismatic, foliated, and complex-lamellar.

Obradovich, J. D., 1968, The potential use of glauconite for late-Cenozoic geochronology, in Morrison, R. B., and Wright, H. E., Jr., eds., Means of correlation of Quaternary successions: VII Cong. Internat. Assoc. for 

Quaternary Research, Salt Lake City, Utah Univ. Press, p. 267-279.

A mean age of 3 m.y. was obtained from K-Ar investigation of glauconite from Lomita Marl Member of the San Pedro Formation, Palos Verdes 

Hills, Calif. The glauconite age of the Fernando Formation (late .early. 

Pliocene) from the same area is 6.1±1.2 m.y.

Ogle, B. A., 1953, Geology of the Eel River Valley area, Humboldt County, California : California Div. Mines Bull. 164, p. 1-128.

A check list of 53 mollusks from the Wildcat Group identified by the 

author and J. Wyatt Durham is included.

Ogle, B. A., 1961a, The Eel River Basin [California], in Northwestern California, a traverse of the Klamath Uplift, Northern Coast Ranges, and Eel 

River Basin: Geol. Soc. Sacramento Ann. Field Trip, I960, p. 32-33.

The occurrence of mollusks in the Pliocene Wildcat Group is shown on a 

generalized stratigraphic section. Pecten caurinus Is reported from the 

Scotia Bluffs Sandstone and the Rio Dell Formation.

Ogle, B. A., 1961b, Geologic description of a portion of the Eel River Basin, in 

Northwestern California, a traverse of the Klamath Uplift, Northern Coast 

Ranges, and Eel River Basin: Geol. Soc. Sacramento Ann. Field Trip, 

1960, p. 35-39.

Pecten caurinus and Cerastoderma meekianutn are reported as common 

In massive sandstone near the base of the Pliocene Scotia Bluffs Sandstone.
Oldroyd, I. S., 1924a, Marine shells of Puget Sound and vicinity: Washington 

Univ., Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Pub., v. 4, p. 1-272, 49 pis.

A useful reference for geographic and bathymetric records of the 

modern molluscan fauna of Puget Sound. Fossil occurrences of a few of 

these mollusks are indicated.

Oldroyd, I. S., 1924b, The marine shells of the West Coast of North America, 

v. 1, no. 1, v. 2, pts. 1-3: Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, v. 1, 247 

p., 57 pis.; v. 2, pt. 1, 297 p., pis. 1-29; v. 2, pt. 2, 304 p., pis. 30-72; v. 2, 

pt. 3, 339 p., pis. 73-108.

A very useful systematic catalog of the modern mollusks of the Pacific 

coast with original descriptions, range data, and many figured specimens. 

The stratigraphic range of each genus is indicated.

Olmsted, F. H., 1958, Geologic reconnaissance of San Clemente Island, California : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1071-B, p. 55-68.

Mollusks collected from marine strata of Miocene age are identified as 

Lyropecten crassicardo and Aequipecten cf, A. andersoni. Abundant shell 

fragments occur at one locality.

Olsson, A. A., 1922, The Miocene of northern Costa Rica with notes on its general stratigraphic relations: Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 9, no. 39, pt. 1, 

1-168; pt. 2, p. 169-288, pis. 1-32.

Twenty-four species of Miocene mollusks from the Caribbean coast of 

Costa Rica are considered to be a Pacific element. Pacific analogs are 

listed for most of these.

Olsson, A. A., 1932, Contributions to the Tertiary Paleontology of northern 

Peru Pt. V. The Peruvian Miocene: Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 19, no. 68, 

272 p., 24 pis.

A few species are compared with Miocene and Pliocene species from 

Baja California and California.

Olsson, A. A., 1961, Mollusks of the tropical eastern Pacific particularly from 

the southern half of the Panamic-Pacific faunal province (Panama to 

Peru); Panamic-Pacific Pelecypods: Ithaca, N.Y. Paleont. Research Inst., 

574 p., 86 pis.

Includes a summary of the principal modern molluscan provinces of the 

eastern Pacific with a lengthy discussion of the Panamic-Pacific molluscan 

province (lat 30°30' N. [head of Gulf of California] to lat 5°40' S.). 

Principal gastropod and pelecypod genera and families are reviewed. This 

province includes an estimated 2,200 species of shelled mollusks including 

about 500 species of pelecypods and 1,660 species of gastropods. The Peruvian province is also treated in detail.

Omori, Masae, 1952, A new species of fossil Pholadomya from the Japanese 

Miocene: The Venus: Japan Jour. Malacology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 23-26.

Pholadomya kawadai n. sp. is compared with the Miocene P. kernensls 

Wiedey, an early and middle Miocene species from California.

Orcutt, C. R., 1889a, Recent and sub-fossil shells of the Colorado desert: West 

Am. Scientist, v. 6 [whole no. 46], p. 92-93.

Miocene strata on "Carisso Creek" contain marine Invertebrates that are 

older than mixed nonmarine and marine mollusk assemblages that occur 

at Salton, Calif.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 117

Orcutt, C. R., 1889b, Some notes on Tertiary fossils of California, I: West Am. 

Scientist, v. 6 [whole no. 45], p. 70-71.

Includes list of 50 molluscan taxa of Pliocene age from Pacific Beach, 

San Diego County. According to Hertlein and Grant (1941) some of these 

may be of Pleistocene age.

Orcutt, C. R., 1889c, Some notes on Tertiary fossils of California, II: West 

Am. Scientist, v. 6 [whole no. 46], p. 84-87.

Includes a copy of Dall's (1874) list of Pliocene megafossils from the 

San Diego well. The San Diego well was drilled to a depth of 160 ft near 

the corner of Ash and llth Streets. Mollusks of Pliocene age collected 

from the well cuttings and originally identified by Dall (1874) are listed. 

The shell-bearing stratum has been penetrated in almost every well drilled 

in San Diego.

Orcutt, C. R., 1890, The Colorado Desert [California] : California Jour. Mines 

and Geology, v. 10, p. 899-919.

Lists nine molluscan taxa of Pliocene age from the San Jacinto and San 

Bernardino Mountains; there are other unidentified mollusks in the collection. Oyster beds at Carrizo Creek consist of Ostrea subfalcata of Cretaceous age. A list of known Tertiary Ostreidae of California (13 spp.) is 

included.

Orcutt, C. R., 1901a, The Colorado Desert [California] : West Am. Scientist, v. 

12 [whole no. 102], p. 1-11.

Recapitulates an earlier account of the occurrence of fossil Ostrea on 

Carrizo Creek made by Dr. Charles C. Parry, botanist and geologist of the 

United States boundary commission in a report on explorations made in 

1849.

Orcutt, C. R., 1901b, Some desert fossils: West Am. Scientist, v. 12, no. 1 

[whole no. 102], c. 11-13. 

Lists five species of pelecypods from Miocene strata on Carrizo Creek.

OSMONT, V. C., 1904, Areas of the California Neocene: California Univ. Pubs., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. 4, no. 4, p. 89-100, pis. 8-11.

Five species of Area from the Neogene of California are described and 

illustrated; two species, A. montereyana and A. camulosensis, are new.

Osmont, V. C., 1905, A geological section of the Coast Ranges north of the Bay 

of San Francisco [California] : California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., 

v. 4, no. 3, p. 39-87, pis. 6, 7.

Eight mollusks from the San Pablo Formation (?) at the mouth of 

Estero San Antonio near Valley Ford, and 15 species from Wilson's Ranch 

about 1,000 ft above the Sonoma Tuff are recorded.

Pack, R. W., 1920, The Sunset-Midway oil field, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 116, 179 p.

Miocene megafossils occur in the Vaqueros Formation (none are listed) ; 

Pecten eldridgei occurs in the Etchegoin Formation north of McKittrick; 

Pecten estrellanus and a large Ostrea occur in the Santa Margarita Formation between Santiago and San Emigdio Creeks; Pseudocardium gabM 

and other megafossils occur at several localities in the Etchegoin Formation.
118 NEOGENE MARINE MQLLTJSKS

Pack, R. W., and English, W. A., 1915, Geology and oil prospects in Waltham, 

Priest, Bitterwater, and Peachtree Valleys, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 581-D, p. 119-160.

Pecten wattsi, P. coalingensls, and Thais etchegoinensis are reported 

from exposures of upper Miocene [Pliocene] strata in Waltham and Priest 

Valleys.

Packard, E. L., 1914, Some West Coast Mactridae [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 

' Bull., v. 25, p. 151-152.

Includes brief taxonomic notations on species of Mulinia from the 

Pacific coast Pliocene.

Packard, E. L.f 1915, Evolution of the Pacific Coast Mactridae [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 26, p. 170.

Spisula reached its peak during the Miocene; mulinoid species first 

appeared during the early Miocene.

PACKARD, E. L., 1916, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mactrinae of the Pacific coast 

of North America: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 9, no. 16, 

p. 261-360, pis. 12-35.

A comprehensive systematic review of Pacific coast mactrids including 

more than 20 taxa of Miocene and Pliocene age, five of which are newly 

described. The mactrid hinge is the least variable shell characteristic of a 

given species and is, therefore, the most important basis for species determination.

Packard, E. L., and Kellogg, Remington, 1934, A new cetothere from the Miocene Astoria formation of Newport, Oregon: Carnegie Inst. Washington 

Contr. Paleontology, Pub. no. 447, p. 1-62.

Nine mollusks are recorded from a locality in the Yaquina Formation on 

Taquina Bay. Three mollusks from the overlying "Nye shales" are listed. 

Forty-five mollusks identified by H. G. Schenck, L. G. Hertlein, and C. W. 

Merriam from the Astoria Formation are recorded from several different 

localities in the Astoria Formation near Newport, Oreg., together with 

stratigraphic occurrences elsewhere in Oregon and Washington.

Page, B. M., Marks, J. G., and Walker, G. W., 1951, Stratigraphy and structure 

of mountains northeast of Santa Barbara, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 35, no. 8, p. 1727-1780. 

Eight mollusks are recorded from the "Temblor" Formation.

Page, B. M., and Tabor, L. L., 1967, Chaotic structure and decollement in Cenozoic rocks near Stanford University, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., 

v. 78, no. 1, p. 1-12.

Middle Miocene and Pliocene marine mollusks occur in formations 

exposed near Stanford University. The Pliocene mollusks occur in what 

are considered to be marine tongues in the nonmarine Santa Clara Formation.

Palmer, R. H.. 1927a, Geology and petroleum possibilities for the Olympic Peninsula. Washington: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 11, no. 12. p. 

1321-1328.

Thyasira "bisecta and Phacoides acutiltneatus occur in Oligocene? shale 

of the Hoh Formation between Hoh River and Agglomerate Kidge. The
BIBLIOGRAPHY 119

Quillayute Formation is exposed in a limited area near the junction of the 

Solduc and Bogachiel Rivers. It is composed of gray sandstone carrying a 

plentiful fauna. It is "probably not more than 60 feet thick." 

Palmer, B. H., 1927b, The Hoh Formation of Washington: Jour. Geology, v. 35, 

p. 276-278.

Fifty-nine species [not listed] of fossil mollusks occur in the uppermost 

of three units in the Hoh Formation; correlation with the Clallam Formation, Astoria Formation, and Kern River Temblor Formation is indicated. 

The lowermost unit includes seven mollusks [listed] of indeterminate age. 

These localities are on the coast 1 mile north of the mouth of Hoh River.

Pantoja Alor, Jerjes, and Carrillo Bravo, Jose, 1966, Bosquejo geologico de la 

region de Santiago-San Jose del Cabo, Baja California [Mexico] : Asoc. 

Mexicana Geologos Petroleros Bol., v. 18, nos. 1 and 2, p. 1-11.

A few species of Miocene and Pliocene age identified by Gloria A. de 

Cserna are recorded.

Park, W. H., 1965, Kern Front oil field [California]: California Oil Fields, v. 

51, no. 1, p. 13-22.

Poorly preserved megafossil fragments occur in the Vedder Sand and in 

the overlying Freeman-Jewett Silt. The middle part of the Etchegoin Formation contains abundant Macoma kerica.

Park, W. H., 1966, Main area of Mountain View oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 52, no. 1, p. 37-45.

The upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation contains common megafossils; scattered gastropods occur in the Fruitvale Shale (upper and 

possibly middle Miocene).

Park, W. H., Land, P. B., and Bruce, D. C., 1957, Belgian anticline oil field 

[California] : California Oil Fields, v. 43, no. 1, p. 5-12.

"Locally abundant megafossils" are reported from the Etchegoin Formation.

Park, W. H.f and Weddle, J. R., 1959, Correlation study of southern San Joaquin Valley [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 45, no. 1, p. 33-34, pis. 

1-3.

Pliocene "stages" apparently described informally by W. F. Barbat 

(Pacific Sci. Congress, Los Angeles, 1939) and based upon marine mollusks 

are utilized in correlation charts.

Park, W. H., Weddle, J. R., and Barnes, J. A., 1963, Main, Coffee Canyon, and 

Pyramid areas of Round Mountain oil field [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 49, no. 2, p. 23-37 [1964].

A few Miocene mollusks are recorded from the Pyramid Hill Sand 

Member and Jewett Sand Member of the Freeman-Jewett Silt, the Olcese 

Sand, and the Round Mountain Silt.

PARKER, PIERRE, 1949, Fossil and Recent species of the pelecypod genera 

Chione and Securella from the Pacific Coast: Jour. Paleontology, v. 23, no. 

6, p. 577-593, pis. 89-95.

A review of Tertiary species of Seourella, n. gen., and three subgenera 

of Chione: Gnidiella, n. subgen., OMone B.B., and Anomalocwdia ; all species are illustrated.
120 NEOGENB MARINE MOLLUSKS

Parker, R. H., 1964, Zoogeography and ecology of some macro-invertebrates, 

particularly mollusks, in the Gulf of California and the continental slope 

off Mexico: Vidensk, Medd. fra Dansk Naturh. Foren., v. 126, 178 p., 15 

pis.

There is a brief discussion of the Tertiary faunal history of the Gulf of 

California and its relationship to Neogene molluscan faunas from tropical 

America. Data on the bathymetric distribution of the modern molluscan 

fauna are useful in paleoecologic studies.

Payne, M. B., 1951, Type Moreno Formation and overlying Eocene strata on 

the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, Fresno and Merced Counties, California : California Div. Mines Spec. Kept. 9, 29 p.

Three mollusks are recorded from the basal part of the "Temblor" Formation about half a mile south of Moreno Gulch.

Pease, M. H., and Hoover, Linn, 1957, Geology of the Doty-Minot Peak area, 

Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-188.

Megafossils [mollusks] from the Lincoln Formation of Weaver (1912) 

are in part of early Miocene age according to Ellen J. Trumbull. Most of 

the molluscan assemblages from the Astoria Formation are of middle Miocene age but a few near the top are correlated with the fauna of the Montesano Formation and are considered to be of late Miocene age. Megafossil 

localities are shown on the geologic map.

Peck, D. L., Griggs, A. B., Schlicker, H. G., Wells, F. G., and Dole, H. M., 1964, 

Geology of the central and northern parts of the Western Cascade Range 

in Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 449, 56 p.

Marine tuff and sandstone near Scotts Mills has yielded several small 

collections of marine mollusks (eight species) indicative of an early Miocene age and of correlation with the Scappoose Formation. A map showing 

the early Miocene shoreline in the Willamette Valley and a correlation 

chart of coastal and inland Tertiary formations are included.

Peck, J. H., Jr., 1957, Marine Pliocene fauna in northwestern Sonoma County, 

California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 68, no. 12, pt. 2, 

p. 1840-1841.

An assemblage of about 45 species of marine invertebrates of Pliocene 

age, mostly mollusks, is reported from the coastal area between the Russian River and Gualala on the northeast side of the San Andreas fault. 

Correlation with the lower part of the type Merced Formation is suggested.

PECK, J. H., JR., 1960, Paleontology and correlation of the Ohlson Ranch Formation [California] : California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 36, no. 4, 

p. 233-242, pi. 21.

Forty-one mollusks including one new species, Area n. sp., are recorded. 

His lower faunal unit contains species never reported from the lower part 

of the type Merced Formation and is considered, therefore, to be somewhat older than it. The upper fauna is correlated with the Pliocene part 

of the type Merced. Ten mollusks are illustrated.

Perilliat Montoya, M. C., 1968, Fauna del Cretacico y del Terciario del norte 

de Baja California: Mexico Univ. Nac. Autonoma Inst. Geologia, Paleontologia Mexicana no. 25, 36 p., 8 pis.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 121

One of the Pleistocene mollusks occurring in the Punta Baja-Bahia San 

Quintin area, Dentalium neohexagonum, is recorded from strata of Pliocene age in southern California.

Pierce, E. L., 1956, Upper Miocene Formaminifera and fish from the Los Angeles area, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 30, no. 6, p. 137-144.

Pecten (Pseudamusium) peckhami is reported from localities in the 

upper Miocene Modelo Formation.

Pierce, R. L., 1962. Age determinations of representative paleontological samples along route of field trip, in Geology of Carrizo Plains and San 

Andreas Fault: San Joaquin Geol. Soc. and Pacific Sec. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Guidebook, p. 

51.

Three mollusks are recorded from localities in the lower Miocene 

Vaqueros Formation along route of field trip (identifications by L. G. Hertlein).

Plafker, George, 1967, Geologic map of the Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province, 

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-484.

The occurrence of marine fossils [mostly mollusks] is indicated in the 

explanation of map units. A review of molluscan faunas from the Yakataga Formation by F. S. MacNeil indicates that the formation is of middle 

Miocene to early Pleistocene age.

Plafker, George, and Miller, D. J., 1957, Reconnaissance geology of the Malaspina District, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-189.

Mya and Mytilus occur in the Yakataga Formation which is considered 

by R. B. Stewart, H. E. Yokes, and F. S. MacNeil to be of both Miocene 

and Pliocene age. This report was released as a U.S.G.S. open-file report in 

1954.

Popenoe, F. W., 1958, Imperial Formation [California], in Imperial Valley, 

Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists-Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Ann. Spring Field Trip, 1958: 2 p.

Six mollusks from the upper Tertiary Imperial Formation are listed.

Porter, W. W., II, 1932, Lower Pliocene in Santa Maria district, California: 

Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 16, no. 2, p. 135-143, 2 figs.

The Sisquoc Formation is of early Pliocene age according to faunal 

studies by Mrs. Dorothy A. Castle.

Powell, A. W. B., 1966, The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: 

Auckland Inst. and Museum Bull. no. 5,184 p., 23 pis.

Includes Pliocene and Miocene records of turrids from Pacific Coast 

States.

Pressler, E. D., 1929, The Fernando Group in the Las Posas-South Mountain 

District, Ventura County, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 18, no. 13, p. 325-345.

Three faunal "horizons" in the upper 2,000 ft of Fernando Formation of 

the western Ventura basin are recognized: Santa Barbara (considered Pliocene cool-water), Kalorama (warm-water, about 12 percent extinct species, considered Pleistocene), and Long Canyon (warmer water, about 7 

percent extinct species, considered Pleistocene). The latter two are
122 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

referred to the Las Posas Formation. Others' statements that sharp faunal 

breaks occur in the Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence of the Ventura basin are 

doubtful because faunal change in this section is gradual.

Preston, H. M., 1931, Report on Fruitvale oil field [California]: California Oil 

Fields, v. 16, no. 4, p. 5-24.

Lists of 55 mollusks from the Santa Margarita Formation and 13 mollusks from the Cryptomya califomica zone of the Jacalitos or lower Etchegoin Formation (identifications by H. R. Gale) are included. Gale believed 

Maooma kerica to be a synonym of Cryptomya calif omica.

Preston, H. M., 1932, Report on North Belridge oil field [California]: California Oil Fields, v. 18, no. 1, p. 5-24.

Peoten peckhami occurs a few feet stratigraphically above the top of the 

Valviilineria caUfornioa zone and also within the zone. In wells the top of 

the "Button Bed" may be represented by the first occurrence of Pecten 

andersoni.

Primmer, S. R., 1964, Preliminary report of the type Kirker Formation [California], in Guidebook to the Mount Diablo field trip, 1964: Da vis, Calif., 

Geol. Soc. Sacramento, p. 60-69.

Seven mollusks from his Tuff Member of the Kirker Formation are 

listed and are correlated with the Echinophoria apta zone of western 

Washington. Several mollusks are also recorded from the upper Miocene 

Briones? Formation and Cierbo Formation.

Rand, W. W., 1931, Preliminary report of the geology of Santa Cruz Island, 

Santa Barbara County, California: California Div. Mines 27th Rept. State 

Mineralogist, no. 2, p. 214-219, 1 map.

Five pelecypods from the lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation and three 

from siliceous shale of the middle Miocene Monterey Formation are recorded.

RANSOME, J. E., 1964*, Fossils in America: New York, Harper and Rowe, 

Publishers, 402 p., illus.

A few line drawings of Neogene mollusks from California are included. 

Some of the well-known collecting localities in California, Oregon, and 

Washington are listed together with brief notation of common mollusks at 

many of these.

RAYMOND, W. J., 1904, A new species of Pleurotoma from the Pliocene of 

California: Nautilus, v. 18, no. 1, p. 14-16.

Genota rvversiana n. sp. is described from Pliocene strata at Santa 

Monica, Calif. Also included is a list of five late Cenozoic species from 

California assigned to this genus.

RAYMOND, W. J., 1906*, The west American species Pleurotoma, subgenus 

Genota: Nautilus, v. 20, no. 4, p. 37-39, pi. 2.

Five late Cenozoic species of Genota are figured and treated systematically. Two of these, G. carpenteriana Gabb and G. riversiana Raymond, 

are recorded from Pliocene strata in California.

REAGAN, A. B., 1909, Some notes on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington: 

Kansas Acad. Sci. Trans., v. 22, p. 131-238, 6 pis.

Mollusks from six localities in his Clallam Formation [in part Twin 

River Formation of later workers] are recorded and are correlated with
BIBLIOGRAPHY 123

names nsed by Arnold (1906). Lists about 35 molluscan taxa from his 

Clallam Formation of which eight are newly described. A similar number 

of mollusks are listed from his Quillayute Formation of which eight are 

newly described. Many of the Clallam and Quillayute mollusks are illustrated by line drawings.

Reagan, A. B., 1910, Die Fossilien der Clallamformation mit denjenigen der 

Tertiarformationen in Vancouver-Insel und mit denjenigen der AstoriaMiocanformation in Oregon vergleichen: Centralblatt fiir Mineral., Geol. 

und Paleo., no. 20, p. 646-651.

Includes lists of Miocene mollusks compiled from earlier workers Merriam, Conrad, Arnold, and Reagan.

Redwine, Lowell, 1947, Road log, Ventura to Carpinteria [California], in Field 

Trip Guidebook, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Geologists-Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Joint Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, California, 1947: p. 59-62.

Megafossils representing the Pliocene Pecten "bellus zone and Pleistocene 

Pecten caurinus zone of the Santa Barbara Formation crop out along 

Rincon Creek, western Ventura County, Calif.

Redwine, L. E., chm., and others, 1952, Cenozoic correlation section paralleling 

north and south margins, western Ventura basin, from Point Conception to 

Ventura and Channel Islands, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the Geologic Names and Correlations Committee, 2 sheets.

Many of the stratigraphic columns [Channel Islands (Kennett), Capitan 

Canyon (Simonson), Goleta Point (Trefzger, Webster, and Redwine), Summerland and Ventura River areas (Bailey), Los Sauces Creek (Redwine, 

Bailey, and Webster), and Point Conception (Dibblee)] contain names or 

mention of mollusks. Each is described as a separate entry in the bibliography.

Redwine, L. E., Bailey, T. L., and Webster, Cutler, 1952, Los Sauces Creek 

area, in Redwine, L. E., Chm., and others, Cenozoic correlation section paralleling north and south margins [of the] western ventura basin from 

Point Conception to Ventura and Channel Islands, California: Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the GeologicNames and Correlations Committee, 2 sheets.

An oyster reef occurs in the lower part of the Vaqueros Formation. 

There are rare fragments of poorly preserved megafossils in the Vaqueroa

Reed, R. D., 1925, The post-Monterey disturbance in the Salinas Valley, California : Jour. Geology, v. 33, p. 588-607, 2 tables, 3 figs.

Santa Margarita fossils [mollusks] occur in the Highland monocline 

area of the Northern La Panza Range, San Luis Obispo County.

Reed, R. D., 1926, Miocene paleogeography in the central Coast Ranges, California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10, p. 130-137.

References pertaining to marine and terrestrial climates during the Miocene in California are reviewed. Molluscan studies of Smith (1919) showing shallow seas to have been warm conflict with foraminiferal data 

indicating cool-water conditions.

REED, R. D., 1933*, Geology of California: Tulsa, Okla, Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists, 355 p., 60 figs.
124 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLTJSKS

Some of the common mollusks from Neogene formations in California 

are listed. A few turritellas and pectinids are figured.

Reed, R. D., and Hollister, J. H., 1936, Structural evolution of southern California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, 157 p., 9 pis., 57 

figs.; also in Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, no. 12, p. 

1529-1704, 10 pis. incl. geol. map, 56 figs., incl. geol. sketch maps.

Brief stratigraphic summaries of Miocene and Pliocene sequences include 

reference to fossils.

Rehder, H. A., 1943, The molluscan genus Trochita Schumacher with a note on 

Bicatillus Swainson: Biol. Soc. Washington Proc., v. 56, p. 41^46, figs. 

7-11.

The Miocene species Trochita costellata Conrad, T. dialloensls (Clark) 

and T. martini (Clark) may be close to the living T. radians Lamarck.

Reichert, W. H., 1960, Bibliography and index of the geology and mineral 

resources of Washington, 1937-1956: Washington Div. Mines and Geology 

Bull. 46, 721 p.

This bibliography includes a detailed index that lists all new species of 

mollusks described from Washington during the period 1937-56. There is 

also an indexed list of theses dealing with the geology and paleontology of 

Washington.

REINHART, P. W., 1935, Classification of the Pelecypod family Arcidae: Belgique Mus. Royal Hist. Nat. Bull., v. 11, no. 12, 68 p.

Names new subgenus Larkinia to which the Pacific coast Pliocene species Anadara camulosensis is assigned.

REINHART, P. W., 1937, Three new species of the pelecypod family Arcidae 

from the Pliocene of California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 181-185, pi. 

28.

Three new Pliocene species from the Santa Maria basin, California, are 

described: Area sisquocensis, A. santamariensis, and Bar'batia pseudoillota. 

The latter is placed in a newly named subgenus Fugleria.

REINHART, P. W., 1943, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Arcidae from the Pacific 

slope of North America: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 47, p. 1-117, pis. 

1-15, 3 figs.

Includes classification, description, and illustration of species in the 

subfamilies Anadarinae and Noetiinae. Stratigraphic occurrences of 32 specific and subspecific Miocene and Pliocene taxa are shown in a chart. 

Three new species of Miocene and Pliocene age are described.

REMOND, AGUSTE, 1863, Description of two new species of bivalve shells 

from the Tertiaries of Contra Costa County [California] : California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., v. 3, p. 13.

Cardium gab'bii and Ostrea "bourgeoisii are described from upper Miocene strata near Kirker's Pass. Two other pelecypods are recorded from 

this exposure.

Rensberger, J. M., 1969, A new Iniid Cetacean from the Miocene of California: 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 82, 34 p., 4 pis.

Three specimens of Thais, similar to Thais n. sp. Lutz, were found 75 ft 

above the base of Oursan Sandstone of Hall (1958). Foraminifera from
BIBLIOGRAPHY 125

somewhat higher in the section are regarded as Relizian or Luisian by 

Kleinpell.

Renz, H. H, 1942, Evidence favors Oligocene age of Vaqueros, in Schenck, H. 

G., and Childs, T. S., Jr., Significance of LepidocycUna (Lepidocyclina) 

californica, new species, in the Vaqueros formation (Tertiary), California: 

Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 34.

The Turritella in the Vaqueros Formation is allied to the T. altilira, 

group which has Oligocene origins in the Caribbean.

Repenning, C. A., 1960, Geologic summary of the Central Valley of California, 

with reference to disposal of liquid radioactive waste: U.S. Geol. Survey 

TEI Rept. 769, 69 p.

Correlation chart of San Joaquin and Sacramento Valley Tertiary sections showing relationship of provincial megafaunal, microfaunal, and continental vertebrate stages is included.

Repenning, C. A., and Vedder, J. G., 1961, Continental vertebrates and their 

stratigraphic correlation with marine mollusks, eastern Caliente Range, 

California, in Geological Survey research 1961: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 424-C, p. C235-C239.

Early, middle, and late Miocene faunal divisions occurring in the eastern Caliente Range are correlated with informal megafossil stage names of 

Weaver and others (1944) and faunal divisions based upon terrestrial vertebrates from, intertonguing marine and nonmarine strata. Several characteristic mollusks from each of the three divisions are listed. A 

stratigraphic diagram indicates intertonguing relationships and generalized 

stratigraphic position of diagnostic fossils.

Richards, G. L., Jr., 1935a, Foraminiferal, echinoid, molluscan correlations of 

the Santa Margarita and San Pablo Formations [California] [abs.]: Geol. 

Soc. America Proc. 1935, p. 386.

The Santa Margarita Formation varies in age from Late Miocene to 

earliest Pliocene; it is the shallow water facies of the upper part of the 

Monterey Formation.

Richards, G. L., Jr., 1935b, Revision of some California species of Astrodapsis: 

San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 8, no. 9, p. 59-66.

Pecten estrellanus and Trttonalia sp. occur at the type locality of Astrodapsis salinasensis 2 miles south of San Lucas, Monterey County, Calif.

Richards, G. L., Jr., 1936, Astrodapsis faunal zones of California upper Miocene and lower Pliocene formations [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 

1935, p. 412-413.

Four zones of late Miocene age are recognized. They contain typical late 

Miocene mollusks. The highest zone underlies the early Pliocene Chione 

elsmerensis zone.

Richardson, J., 1878, Report on the coal fields of Nanaimo, Comox, Cowichen, 

Burrard Inlet, and Sooke, B. C.: Canada Geol. Survey Rept. Progress 

1876-77, p. 160-192.

Fossiliferous strata occur at the mouth of John River, between Otter 

Point and Sherringham Point; they are packed with Ostrea, Pecten, and 

Saaoidomus and are of Tertiary or post-Tertiary age.

468-965 72 9
126 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

RICHEY, K. A., 1943, A marine invertebrate fauna from the Orinda, California, formation: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 27, no. 2, 

p. 25-36, pi. 3, 1 fig. in text

Eleven mollusks are recorded from four localities in the Orinda Formation ; fossil localities are shown on a geologic map. Five mollusks are illustrated.

Richmond, J. F., 1952, Geology of Burruel Ridge, northwestern Santa Ana 

Mountains, California: California Div. Mines Spec. Rept. 21, 16 p.

Turritella ocoyana, CMone temblor ensisl, and Area occur in the middle 

Miocene Topanga Formation. Seven species of mollusks are listed from the 

Pliocene Repetto(?) Formation.

Ricketts, E. F., and Calvin, Jack, [revised by Heclgpeth, J. S.], 1968, Between 

Pacific tides, fourth edition: Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, 614 p. 

A general reference dealing with invertebrate marine life of the Pacific 

coast of the United States. Includes ecologic, distributional, and physiological observations and many photographs of modern mollusks. There is an 

extensive, partially annotated bibliography. Pliocene specimens of Opalia 

from La Jolla attain almost 3 inches in length. Discusses the early records 

of Mya arenaria concluding that it is difficult to determine whether or not 

this pelecypod is native or introduced.

Rivera, N. P., 1965, Informe preliminar sobre un reconocimiento geologico en la 

costa del Pacifico de Nicaragua: Asoc. Mexicana Geologos Petroleros Bol., 

v. 17, nos. 1 and 2, p. 17-27.

The Pliocene El Salto Formation contains massive coquinas composed 

principally of pelecypod shells. They are best exposed along the river near 

El Salto.

Rivers, J. J., 1891, Occurrence of a Miocene shell in the living state: Zoe, v. 2, 

p. 70-72, 1 text fig.

A range extension of the Miocene [Pliocene] species Nassarius californianus is noted.

Rivers, J. J., 1904, Descriptions of some undescribed fossil shells of the Pleistocene and Pliocene formations of the Santa Monica Range [California] : 

Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 3, no. 5, p. 69-72, pi. 1.

Sandstones of Pliocene age similar to the Pliocene San Diego Formation 

are reported from the Santa Monica Mountains.

ROBERTS, D. C., 1927*, Fossil markers of Midway Sunset-Elk Hills region in 

Kern County, California: California Oil Fields, v. 12, no. 10, p. 5-10, 4 

pis.; reprinted, in part, Oil Bull., v. 14, no. 1, p. 24-26, 4 pis.

Seven Pliocene mollusks including Area trilineata and Bittium quadrifilatum from well cores are figured. Other species are refigured from 

Arnold (1909). Pliocene "marker fossils" from several areas in the Midway-Sunset and Elk Hills oil fields are indicated.

Roberts, Miriam, 1966, Bibliography of theses and dissertations on Oregon 

geology from January 1, 1959, to December 31, 1965: Oregon Dept. Geology 

and Mineral Industries, supplement to Misc. Paper 7, 11 p.

This is an alphabetic compilation of theses together with in index map 

of the State.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 127

Robinson, G. D., 1056, Geology of the Hay ward quadrangle, California: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Geol. Quad, Map GQ-88, scale 1:24,000.

Fourteen mollusks are recorded from the Sobrante Sandstone as are 10 

from the lower sandstone of the Monterey Group. A few species are also 

listed from the Briones Sandstone and from the San Pablo Formation. 

Identifications of these Miocene mollusks are by W. P. Woodring and E. J. 

Trumbull.

Rogers, R, G., 1943, Round Mountain oil field [California] : California Div. 

Mines Bull. 118, p. 579-583.

Turritella, moodyi and T. ocoyana occur in diatornite beds of middle 

Miocene age exposed west of Round Mountain oil field; Aclla conradi, 

Fusinus corpulentus, and Cardita sultenta occur in cores of the lower 

Miocene Jewett silt.

Rogers, T. H., Gribi, E. A., Jr., Thorup, R. R., and Nason, R. D., 1967, Roadlogs (King City to Bolado Park; Bolado Park to San Juan Bautista and 

King City; San Juan Grade Road to Gilroy; Alternate road log no. 1 

New Idria Loop, p. 25; Pinnacles National Monument, p. 30; Hollister to 

Gilroy, p. 32; Pajaro Gap, p. 35), in Guidebook, Gabilan Range and adjacent San Andreas Fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists Pacific Sees., Guidebook, 1967.

An assemblage of five mollusks of Pliocene age from the Harris Ranch 

southwest of Hollister is recorded.

Romanes, James, 1912, Geology of a part of Costa Rica: Geol. Soc. London 

Quart. Jour., v. 68, p. 103-139.

A list of the more common mollusks in the Barranca deposits along the 

Pacific coast of Costa Rica near Carballo includes eight mollusks of 

Miocene age.

Rose, R. L., 1965, An occurrence of Oligocene strata east of San Jose, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 87, p. 227-228.

Unidentified mollusk fragments are reported from an unnamed formation that carries a lower Saucesian foraminiferal assemblage. '

Rose, R. L., and Colburn, I. P., 1963, Geology of the east-central part of the 

Priest Valley quadrangle, California, in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas Valley and the San Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum GeologistsSoc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sec., Ann. Field Trip, 

1963, p. 38-45.

Three mollusks from the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation and 

several others from the Pliocene Etchegoin and their Hans Grieve Formations are recorded.

Ross, C. P., 1923, The Lower Gila region, Arizona; a geographic, geologic, and' 

hydrologic reconnaissance, with a guide to desert watering places: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 498, 237 p.

First speculated that calcareous strata of Lower Gila region, Arizona, 

including fossiliferous limestone later named Bouse Formation by Metzger 

(1968), might have been deposited in an arm of the ancestral Gulf of California.

Roth, Barry, and Coan, Eugene, 1968, Further observations on the West American Marginellidae with the descriptions of two species: Veliger, v. 11, 

no. 1, p. 62-69, 1 pi., 2 text figs., 1 map. ' 
128 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

A late Miocene Marginella (Prunum) occurs in the Castaic Formation of 

southern California.

Roth, G. H., and Sullwold, H. H., Jr., 1958, Cascade oil field, in Higgins, J. W., 

ed., A guide to the geology and oil fields of the Los Angeles and Ventura 

regions [California] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Sec. [Guidebook], Ann. Mtg., Los Angeles, Calif., 1958, p. 167-171.

The upper Pliocene Sunshine Ranch Formation contains "fairly common 

molluscan megafossils."

Rothermel, R. V., 1964, Canoga Park oil field [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 50, no. 2, p. 35-38.

The middle Miocene Topanga Formation contains scattered fragments of 

fossils.

Rowland, R. W., 1968, Paleontology of the San Diego Formation in northwestern Baja California, Mexico [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 1968 Ann. Mtgs., 

Program with abstracts, p. 256-257.

The molluscan fauna of the San Diego Formation of northwest Baja 

California coast includes 109 species. It is indicative of shallow, subtidal 

depths offshore from an exposed rocky point indented by sandy pocket 

beaches. The faunal assemblages of the Pliocene San Diego embayment to 

the north are of a more protected ecology.

Ruckman, J. H., 1913, Evidence indicating an unconformity at the base of the 

Tamiosoma zone in the Coalinga oil field, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. 

America Bull., v. 24, p. 132. 

Pholas borings mark the base of this zone.

Russell, I. C., 1891, An expedition to Mount St. Elias, Alaska: Natl. Geog. 

Mag., v. 3, p. 53-204, pis. 2-20.

A few mollusks are recorded from his Pinnacle System. The age of the 

assemblage was considered to be Pliocene or early Pleistocene by W. H. 

Dall who identified the fossils.

Russell, I. C., 1893, Second expedition to Mount St. Elias: U.S. Geol. Survey 

13th Ann. Kept, pt. 2, p. 1-91.

Paleontologic determinations by W. H. Dall first appearing in Russell 

(1891) are repeated.

RUTH, J. W., 1942*, The molluscan genus Siphonalia of the Pacific coast Tertiary: California Univ. Pubs., Dept Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 3, p. 

287-306, pis. 47-48.

Miocene and Pliocene species of Eelletia, K. posoensis and K. kelleti, are 

described and illustrated.

Sackett, John, and Rogers, T. H., 1969, Index to graduate theses on California 

geology, 1966 and 1967: California Div. Mines and Geology, Mineral Inf. 

Service, v. 22, no. 6, p. 91-92, 102.

A second supplement to Jennings and Strand (1963) in which 168 theses 

are listed in two sections. One section includes areal reports keyed to an 

index map; the other, topical reports.

Savage, D. E., 1955, Nonmarine lower Pliocene sediments in California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 31, no. 1, p. 1-26.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 129

A correlation chart of Pacific coast mammalian, megafossil, and microfossil stages for the late Cenozoic is included. Lyellian correlation is satisfactory for general epochal age assignment in California. A small niollscan 

fauna from the Santa Margarita Formation at Comanche Point, Kern 

County (from Merriam, 1916), is reprinted.

SCHENCK, H. O., 1928*, Cassididae of western America: California Univ. 

Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 16, no. 4, p. 69-98, pis. 12-15.

Three cassidids of Pliocene age from Oregon and southeastern California 

and a new species from southwestern Washington of late Oligocene or 

early Miocene age, Phalium iani n. sp., are illustrated and treated systematically.

Schenck, H. G., 1927, Marine Oligocene of Oregon: California Univ. Pubs., 

Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 16, no. 12, p. 449-460.

Specimens of Acila paclcardi are particularly abundant in the Nye Shale 

(lower Miocene) of the Newport area. Lists six common mollusks from the 

overlying Astoria Formation which is correlated with the fauna of the 

Temblor Formation of California.

Schenck, H. G., 1928, Stratigraphic relations of western Oligocene formations: 

California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 18, no. 1, p. 1-50.

The Oiigocene epoch was recognized on the Pacific coast first by Dall 

(in Diller, 1896) and later, and more definitively, by Arnold (1906). 

Common mollusks from the Empire Formation at Coos Bay and from the 

Nye Shale near Newport are listed. A correlation chart shows his classification of Neogene units used in previous reports on Oregon.

SCHENCK, H. G., 1931, Cephalopods of the genus Atitria from western North 

America: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 19, no. 19, p. 

435-490, pis. 66-78.

Miocene occurrences of Aturia angustata in the Temblor Formation of 

Kern County, Calif., near Knappton, Wash., and at Astoria, Oreg., are 

described and illustrated. A new subspecies from Alaska, A. angustata 

alaskensis, may be from beds of early Miocene age. An undertermined species occurs in the San Ramon Formation of Contra Costa County, Califa. 

The genus has not been found in rocks younger than middle Miocene on 

the Pacific coast.

Schenck, H. G., 1934, Classification of nuculid pelecypods: Musee Royal 

d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, v. 10, no. 20, p. 1-78, 5 pis.

Valid described species of Acila (Acila) and Acila (Truncacila) including several Pacific coast Tertiary species are listed.

Schenck, H. G., 1935a, What is the Vaqueros Formation of California and is it 

Oligocene?: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 19, no. 4, p. 521-536. 

The Turritella inezana zone is considered to be correlative with the 

European Aquitanian Stage which Schenck takes to be Oligocene. There ia 

a thorough discussion of previous age classification of the Vaqueros including information on some of the key Vaqueros mollusks such as T. inezana 

and Lyropecten magnolia.

Schenck, H. G., 1935b, Valid species of the nuculid pelecypod Acila: Musee 

Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Bull. 11, no. 14, 5 p., chart.

Includes a dichotomous key for identification of species and an alphabetical list of species with complete typological information including geologic
130 NEOCENE MARINE .MOLLUSKS

age, subgeneric assignment, allocation of species, and detailed treatment of 

all described species.

SCHENCK, H. G., 1936*, Nuculid bivalves of the genus Acila: Geol. Soc. 

America Spec. Paper 4, 149 p., 18 pis., 15 figs., tables 1-17.

Three successive Acila biozones extend from the Oligocene into the 

middle Miocene of the Pacific coast. Includes a discussion of faunal migration during the later part of the Tertiary with relation to Japanese Tertiary Acila and a geologic range chart for worldwide occurrences of this 

genus. Systematic descriptions include faunal lists, correlation, and stratigraphic data. Sections on modern biology of Acila include bathymetric and 

latitudinal data on living species.

Schenck, H. G., 1945, Geologic application of biometrical analysis of raolluscan 

assemblages: Jour. Paleontology, v. 19, p. 504-521, pis. 66-67, text figs. 

1-3.

Latitudinal midpoints for late Pliocene, early Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene collections from the Los Angeles and Ventura basins show a systematic change from midpoints from about 2°-5° farther north in late 

Pliocene assemblages to 4°-8° farther north in early Pleistocene assemblages to about the same latitude as today in late Pleistocene assemblages.

Schenck, H. G., and Childs, T. S., Jr., 1942, Significance of Lepidocyclina (Lep- 

. idocyclina) californica, new species, in the Vaqueros formation (Tertiary), 

California: Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 

27-83, 4 pis., 7 figs, in text.

Columnar sections of the California Lepidocyclina locality and the 

nearby type section of the Vaqueros Formation show the occurrence of 

three pectinids common to each section and the occurrence of Turritella 

inezana in the type section. A few mollusks from two localities in the 

Vaqueros Reliz Canyon area and about 10 miles west of Paso Robles 

are recorded.

Schenck, H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1938, West American marine molluscan provinces : Am. Philos. Soc. Proc., v. 76, no. 6, p. 921-938, figs. 1-6, table.

Speculate on the development of molluscan provinces along the eastern 

Pacific margin. Suggest that northern and southern marine temperature 

"conditions" may have been established during the late Oligocene or early 

Miocene possibly accounting for faunal differences between the Vaqueros 

Formation of California and the Blakeley Formation of Washington. Tropical seas did not extend north of southern California during the late Miocene.

Schenck, H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1937, An index-method for comparing molluscan faunules: Am. Philos. Soc. Proc., v. 57, no. 2, p. 161-182.

This method is suited for analysis of late Tertiary and Quaternary 

assemblages. Midpoints are plotted on a latitudinal bar graph and are 

then counted to determine the latitudinal midpoint. Thirty-five Pliocene 

and Pleistocene assemblages are analyzed showing nearly all of them to 

have calculated midpoints to the north of the latitude of the fossil locality. Development of a generic index to water temperature would permit 

comparable analysis of earlier Tertiary faunas.

Schenck, H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1940a, Biometrical analysis of molluscan 

assemblages, in Abrard, R., and others, Contribution a Tetude de la repar-
BIBLIOGRAPHY 131

tition actuelle at passed des organismes clans la zone neritique: SociSte' de 

Biogeographie Memoires, v. 7, p. 370-392, pis. 1, 2.

A further discussion of the median of midpoints method which is useful 

in analyzing late Tertiary and Quaternary faunas from western North 

America. Climatic cooling from the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene 

in southern California (that is, Lomita Marl to Timms Point Silt) suggested by this analysis indicates that the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary 

might fall between these formations.

SCHENCK, H. G., and KEEN, A. M., 1940b*, California fossils for the field 

geologist (preliminary edition) : Stanford, Calif., privately printed, 86 p., 

56 pis. Reprinted 1950, Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, 88 p., 56 pis. 

About 70 species of Miocene and Pliocene mollusks from Callifornia are 

figured. A correlation diagram of Cenozoic formations of California by F. 

R. Kelley and a bibliographic list of reports on Tertiary mollusks are also 

included.

Schenck, H. G., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1936, Refugian stage of the Pacific coast 

Tertiary: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, no. 2, p. 215-225.

The base of the Zemorrian Stage is marked by the appearance of Turritella inezana, Rapana vaquerosensis, Lyropecten miguelensis, Pecton sanetaecntzensis, and Acila gettysburyensis.

Schenck, H. G., and Reinhart, P. W., 1936, Oligocene arcid pelecypods of the 

genus Anadara [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1935, p. 412.

Anadara mediaimpressa from the San Ramon Formation of central California is assigned to Anadara s.s.

SCHENCK, H. G., and REINHART, P. W., 1938*, Oligocene arcid pelecypods 

of the genus Anadara: Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique Mem., 

2d ser., v. 14, 73 p., pis. 1-6.

Six species of Anadara from the Pacific coast are correlated with the 

Tongrian-Aquitainian Stages of Europe. Two Pacific slope specimens are 

figured.

Schlicker, H. G., 1959, Bibliography of theses on Oregon geology: Oregon Dept. 

Geology and Mineral Industries Misc. Paper 7, 14 p.

This is an alphabetic compilation of theses together with an index map 

of the State.

Schoellhamer, J. E., and Kinney, D. M., 1953, Geology of portions of Tumey 

and Panoche Hills, Fresno County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and 

Gas Inv. Map OM-128.

The Temblor Formation includes the Turritella ocoyana molluscan 

fauna. Oysters and other megafossils occur in the Temblor Formation 

within the area of this map. No fossils are listed.

Schoellhamer, J. E., and Woodford, A. 0., 1951, The floor of the Los Angeles 

basin, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-117, 2 sheets.

The Vaqueros Formation contains the Turritella, inezana, fauna; the 

Topanga Formation contains the Turritella ocoyana, fauna. These formations are of early and middle Miocene age respectively.
132 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Schoellhamer, J. E., and Yerkes, R. F., 1961, Preliminary geologic map of the 

coastal part of the Malibu Beach quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California : U.S. Geol. Survey open-file map.

Turritella inezana, santana and other mollusks of early Miocene age 

occur in the Vaqueros Formation. Mollusks are locally abundant in the 

lower part of the Topanga Formation.

Schoellhamer, J. E., Yerkes, R. F.., and Campbell, R. H., 1962, Preliminary geologic map of the coastal part of the Point Dume quadrangle, Los Angeles 

County, California : U.S. Geol. Survey open-file map.

Turritella inezana s.l. and Chlamys sespeensist occur in the Vaqueros 

Formation. Turritella ocoyana occurs in their middle Miocene Unit C. Pectinids of Miocene or Pliocene age occur in their unit A.

Schrader, F. C., 1904, A reconnaissance in northern Alaska across the Rocky 

Mountains, along Koyukuk, John, Anaktuvuk, and Colville Rivers and the 

Arctic coast to Cape Lisburne, in 1901, with notes by W. J. Peters: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 20, 139 p.

Six mollusks from the upper part of the Colville Series identified by W. 

H. Dall and considered to be of Pliocene age are recorded.

Schuchert, Charles, assisted by Dall, W. H. Stanton, T. W., and Bassler, R. S., 

1905, Catalogue of the type specimens of fossil invertebrates in the department of geology, United States National Museum: U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 53, 

pt. 1, 704 p.

Many Neogene mollusks from the Pacific coast are included in this compilation. The classification of type material, museum numbers and originial 

reference are given for each species.

Shea, D. N., 1966, Northwest area of Strand oil field [California] : California 

Oil Fields, v. 52, no. 1, p. 47-52.

The lower part of the Pliocene Etchegoin Formation, the Macoma Claystone Member, contains casts of Macoma kerica ; the upper part of the formation is characterized by Mulinia [Pseudocardium] densata.

Sliedd, Solon, 1932, Bibliography of the geology and mineral resources of California to December 31, 1930: California Div. Mines Bull. 104, 376 p.

This is a comprehensive general bibliographic reference on California 

geology.

Shedd, Solon, 1938, Bibliography of the geology and mineral resources of California for the years 1931 to 1936, inclusive (supplementing the master bibliography, Bulletin 104) : California Div. Mines Bull. 115, 125 p. 

A continuation of Shedd's (1932) bibliography.

Shepard, F. P., Grant, U. S., 4th, and Dietz, R. S., 1939, The emergence of 

(Santa) Catalina Island [California] : Am. Jour. Sci., v. 237, p. 651-655.

Marine shells from Catalina Island, once thought to be of Pleistocene 

age, are of Miocene age.

SHIKAMA, TOKIO, 1967*, System and evaluation of Japanese fulgorarid Gastropoda : Yokohama Natl. Univ. Sci. Repts., sec. 2, Biol. and Geol. Sci., no. 

13, p. 23-132, 17 pis., text figs.

Most of the Pacific coast fulgorarids are treated systematically; they 

are classified as Musashia (Miopleiona). Three species are illustrated by
BIBLIOGRAPHY 133

line-drawings: M. oregonensis, M. weaveri, and M. in&urata. The genus 

ranges from Oligocene to early Pliocene in the northeastern Pacific and 

from Oligocene to Holocene in the northwestern Pacific.

SHIMER, H. W., and SCHROCK, R. R., 1944*, Index fossils of North America : New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 837 p., 303 pis.

Includes notations on the generalized stratigraphic occurrence and illustrations of several Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene mollusks from the 

Pacific coast.

SHUMARD, B. F., 1858, Descriptions of new fossils from the Tertiary formations of Oregon and Washington Territories and the Cretaceous of Vancouver Island: St. Louis Acad. Sci. Trans., v. 1, no. 2, p. 120-123.

Two pelecypods from Pliocene strata at Coos Bay, Oreg. Pecten coosensis and Venus securis are described but are not illustrated.

Siegfus, S. S., 1939, Stratigraphic features of Reef Ridge Shale in southern 

California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 23, no. 1, p. 24-44.

Three mollusks that have been reported from the Reef Ridge Shale by 

earlier workers Ficus ocoyana, Siliqua cf. 8. patulu, and Cryptomya California are not diagnostic of age. A very detailed discussion of earlier 

work bearing on the age and stratigraphic relationships of this formation 

forms the bulk of the report. It is noted that W. F. Barbat, in an unpublished paper, records the same three mollusks from a zone that he considered to occur stratigraphically above the Reef Shale and to be of Pliocene 

age.

Simon, L. F., and Reed, C. A., 1945, Miocene fossil found in Oregon kitchenmidden : Am. Antiquity, v. 11, no. 2, p. 118-119.

A Miocene Psephaea is reported from a midden at Fogarty Creek, Lincoln County, Oreg.

Simonson, R. R,, 1952, Canada del Capitan, in Redwine, L. E., chm., and 

others, Cenozoic correlation section paralleling north and south margins 

[of the] western Ventura basin from Point Conception to Ventura and 

Channel Islands, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the Geologic Names and Correlations Committee, 2 

sheets.

The Vaqueros Sandstone is fossiliferous. It contains fragments of Pecten 

magnolia.

Simonson, R. R., and Kreuger, M. L., 1942, Crocker Flat landslide area, Temblor Range, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 26, no. 

10, p. 1608-1631.

Pecten estrellanus, P. crassicardo, and Ostrea titan occur in the Santa 

Margarita Formation in the southern part of the Temblor Range.

SLODKEWTISCH, W. S., 1938, Tertiary Pelecypoda from the Far East, v. 10, 

pt. 2: USSR Acad. Sci., Paleont Inst, Paleontology of USSR, v. 10, pt. 3, 

fasc. 19, 275 p., 106 pis.

A catalog of Neogene mollusks of Sakhalin and Kamchatka with extensive section of illustrations. Many names originally proposed for eastern 

North Pacific species are used for Russian Neogene pelecypods. A new 

name, Variamussium pilarense, is proposed for a specimen from the Twin 

River Formation of northwestern AVashington originally included in the
134 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

type lot of Pecten clallamensis Arnold (1906). The original figure is re-illustrated. Contains an extensive bibliography of English language malacological and paleontological reports (p. 17-81). (In English.)

Smith, A. G., 1960, Ainphineura, in Moore, R. C., ed., and Knight, J. B., Cox, 

L. R., Keen, A. M., Smith, A. G., Batten, R. L., Yochelson, E. L., Ludbrook, 

N. H., Robertson, Robert, Yonge, C. M., and Moore, R. C., Mollusca 

1 ... Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplaceophora, Gastropoda [in 

part] ... pt. I of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Lawrence, 

Kans., Kansas Univ. press, p. 141-176. 

Neogene records of Amphineuran genera from Pacific coast are noted.

Smith, J. P., 1904, Periodic migrations between the Asiatic and American 

coasts of the Pacific Ocean: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 17, no. 99, p. 217-233.

The Miocene fauna of California is largely endemic with only slight 

admixture of southern and northern species of possible Atlantic origin. 

During the Pliocene the marine faunas of the Pacific coast and Japan had 

many species in common (32 spp. are listed). Marine climate during the 

Pliocene was temperate.

Smith, J. P., 1910, The geologic record of California: Jour. Geology, v. 18, no. 

3, p. 216-227.

One of two characteristic mollusks from four Miocene "formations" and 

two Pliocene "formations" are shown in a geologic column. A chart 

showing geographic relations of western American fossil faunas depicts 

tropical faunas in the lower Eocene [Paleogene] followed by temperate 

late Eocene faunas and cold water marine faunas in the Neogene. Cold 

water faunas in the early Quaternary were succeeded by warm-water 

marine faunas in the later part of the Quaternary in California.

Smith, J. P., 1912, Geologic range of Miocene invertebrate fossils of California : California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, no. 8, p. 161-182.

A check list includes all known mollusks of Miocene age showing stratigraphic occurence, by formation (used as a time-stratigraphic unit), for 

the lower Miocene [Vaqueros, Temblor, and Monterey] and upper Miocene 

[San Pablo-Santa Margarita and Etchegoin]. Oligocene and Pliocene 

occurrences of these Miocene species also are indicated. Species confined to 

each of the above formations are listed.

Smith, J. P., 1916, Climatic zones in the Pliocene of the Pacific coast [abs.] : 

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 27, p. 172.

Analysis of marine invertebrate faunas indicates that climates cooled 

from the early Pliocene to the late Pliocene. During the early Pliocene 

sub-boreal climate extended almost as far south as Mendocino County, California. The climate of southern California was warm-temperate during 

the early Pliocene.

Smith, J. P., 1919, Climatic relations of the Tertiary and Quaternary faunas of 

the California region: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 9, no. 4, p. 

123-173, pi. 9.

The initial documented interpretation of Cenozoic climatic change based 

upon zoogeographic analysis of shallow-water molluscan faunas from the 

Pacific coast. Fossil faunas are compared with a sequence of five modern 

molluscan provinces extending from southern Alaska to Mexico and two 

isotherms representing tropical and cool-temperate conditions are fitted to
BIBLIOGRAPHY 135

these inferences. The tropical isotherm retreats from a position off British Columbia during the Eocene to a low point, somewhat south of its 

modern position, near the Tertiary-Quaternary boundary. The post-Eocene 

climatic cooling probably was oscillatory; there is no suggestion of climatic zones in Eocene marine faunas. There are extensive lists of species 

characteristic of Tertiary formations.

Smith, P. B., 1960a, Foraminifera of the Monterey Shale and Puente Formation, Santa Ana Mountains and San Juan Capistrano area, California: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 294-M, p. 463-495.

Localities in the Topanga Formation in the northern and central Santa 

Ana Mountains containing Turritella ocoyana are questionably assigned to 

the Relizian Stage of the provincial microfaunal chronology.

Smith, P. B., 1960b, Fossil Foraminifera from the southeastern California 

deserts, in Short papers in the geological sciences: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 400-B, p. B278-B279.

Fossil foraminifers [Pliocene] are associated with gastropods that indicate brackish-water conditions. They are from along the Colorado River 

between Earp, Calif., and from the Palo Verde Mountains.

Smith, P. B., 1968a, Paleoenvironment of phosphate-bearing Monterey Shale in 

Salinas Valley, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 52, 

no. 9, p. 1785-1791.

A molluscan assemblage from the upper part of the Monterey Shale 

indicates deposition in the inner sublittoral zone low tide to about 50 

fathoms.

Smith, P. B., 1968b, Pliocene (?) foraminifera of the Lower Colorado River 

area, California and Arizona [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Program 64th 

Ann. Mtg., Tucson, Ariz., Apr. 11-13, 1968, p. 111-112.

Mollusks indicative of brackish water to marine environments occur in 

cores and outcrop samples that also contain Foraminifera of Pliocene age.

Smith, P. B., and Durham, D. L., 1968, Middle Miocene Foraminifera and stratigraphic relations in the Adelaida quadrangle, San Luis Obispo County, 

California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1271-A, p. A1-A14.

Six mollusks from the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation are 

recorded.

Smith, W. D. P., and Packard, E. L., 1919, The salient features of the geology 

of Oregon: Jour. Geology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 79-121, 3 figs., 1 pi. Also in 

Oregon Univ. Bull., v. 16, no. 7, p. 79-120, 3 figs., 1 pi.

A review of previous geological studies in Oregon is included. A few 

characteristic mollusks from the so-called Monterey fauna at Astoria, 

Oreg., are listed. The Empire Formation at Coos Bay, once considered to 

be of Miocene age, is now considered to be of early Pliocene age.

Smith, W. S. T., 1897, The geology of Catalina Island [California] : California 

Acad. Sci., ser. 3, v. 1, no. 1, p. 1-71.

Miocene shale contains casts of what is thought to be Tellina conffesta 

Conrad.

Smith, W. S. T., 1898, A geological sketch of San Clernente Island [California] : U.S. Geol. Survey 18th Ann. Rept, pt 2, p. 465-496, pis. 85-96.
136 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Impressions of Pecten peckhami Gabb occur in Miocene rocks exposed on 

the island.

Snavely, P. D., Jr., Brown, R. D., Jr., Roberts, A. E., and Rau, W. W., 1958, 

Geology and coal resources of the Centralia-Chehalis district, Washington: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1053, 159 p.

Eight mollusks are recorded from two localities in the Astoria(?) Formation in the Centralia syncline.

Snavely, P. D., Jr., Rau, W. W., and Wagner, H. C., 1964, Miocene stratigraphy of the Yaquina Bay area, Newport, Oregon: Ore Bin, v. 26, no. 8, p. 

133-151.

Several mollusks identified by W. O. Addicott from the Astoria and Nye 

Formations are listed. The lowermost part of the Nye contains mollusks 

that are indicative of correlation with the early Miocene EcMno-phoria 

apta zone of the "Blakeley Stage." About 30 percent of the Astoria mollusks from this area also occur in the middle Miocene of California.

Snavely, P. D., Jr., and Yokes, H. E., 1949, Geology of the coastal area 

between Cape Kiwanda and Cape Foulweather, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Map 97.

Mollusks from the Astoria and the Yaquina Formations identified by 

Vokes are listed. These formations are considered to be of middle Miocene 

and late Oligocene age, respectively.

Soot-Ryen, Tron, 1932, Pelecypoda, with a discussion of possible migrations of 

Arctic pelecypods in Tertiary times: Norwegian North Polar Expedition 

"Maud," 1918-1925, Sci. Results (pub. by Geofysisk Inst, Bergen), v. 5, 

no. 12, 35 p.

The modern Arctic pelecypod fauna originated, for the most part, in the 

North Pacific during the Miocene. Subsequent migration took place along 

the Arctic coast of North America to the North Atlantic, principally 

during the Pliocene. Miocene migration routes were by way of Central 

America and Tethys as the Bering Straits were closed by a land bridge 

during most of the Miocene. Many reports dealing with the zoogeography 

of arctic mollusks are reviewed.

Soot-Ryen, Tron, 1955, A report on the family Mytilidae (Pelecypod) : Allan 

Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 20, no. 1, 175 p., pis. 1-10, figs. 1-78.

California Miocene and Pliocene species assigned to Crenomytilus 

include: C. mathewsoni (Gabb), C. trampascnsis (Clark), C. coalingensis 

(Arnold), G. kewi (Noinland) "and perhaps also other species listed as 

Mytilus" (p. 23).

Soper, E. K., 1938, Geology of the central Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California: California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 34, p. 

134-180.

Includes a list of 41 mollusks from the middle Miocene Topanga Formation identified by U. S. Grant.

Soper, E. K., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1932, Geology and paleontology of a portion of Los Angeles, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 43, no. 12, p. 

1041-1068, 7 figs.

List 173 mollusks from excavations in upper Pliocene strata in downtown Los Angeles. About 13 percent of the mollusks are extinct; those
BIBLIOGRAPHY 137

that are still living suggest water temperatures comparable to today. A 

late Pliocene age is suggested by the percentage of extinct niollusks. 

Normal salinity is suggested.

Soper, E. K., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1933, Geology and paleontology of a portion of the Metropolitan District of Los Angeles, California [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 44, pt. 1, p. 148-149.

A late Pliocene inolluscan assemblage indicates cool water conditions. 

Other assemblages occur in stratigraphically lower units in Pliocene sandstones. Practically no molluscan fossils occur in the underlying sandstone 

of Miocene age.

Spurr, J. E., 1900, A reconnaissance in southwestern Alaska in 1898: U.S. Geol. 

Survey 20th Ann. Rept, pt. 7, p. 43-264.

Thirty mollusks of Miocene age from Cape Yaktag [Yakataga] are 

listed. The material is mostly from water-worn pebbles. The assemblage is 

correlated, by Dall, with the Empire Formation of coastal Oregon.

Stanley-Brown, Joseph, 1892, Geology of the Pribilof Islands [Alaska] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 3, p. 496-500.

Collected fossil mollusks from rounded, apparently water-worn pebbles 

from Black Bluff, St. Paul Island, Alaska. Nine mollusks were identified in 

later report by Dall (1899, p. 545). Sixteen species identified by W. H. 

Dall are listed, nine of these had not been previously identified from the 

locality.

Stanton, R. J., Jr., 1962, Paleoecology of the upper Miocene Castaic Formation, 

Los Angeles County, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 68, 

p. 278.

Molluscan assemblages indicate that the northern part of the Castaic clespositional basin was embayed and that the southern part was an open, 

exposed coast. Faunal assemblages deposited in water of less than 25 fathoms indicate a warm-water marine climate similar to that found off the 

southwest Coast of Baja California today.

STANTON, R. J., JR., 1966*, Megafauna of the upper Miocene Castaic Formation, Los Angeles County, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 

21-40, 3 pis.

About 100 mollusks are listed from the Castaic Formation. About onefourth of these were previously unknown from rocks of Miocene age, 

having only been recorded from Pliocene or younger strata. The fauna is 

of warm-water, tropical aspect and probably lived near the northern limit 

of the late Miocene equivalent of the modern Panamic molluscan province. 

Many of the mollusks are treated systematically and are illustrated.

Stanton R. J., Jr., 1967a, The effects of provenance and basin-edge topography on sedimentation in the basal Castaic Formation (Upper Miocene, 

marine), Los Angeles County, California: California Div. Mines Spec. 

Rept. 92, p. 21-31.

Thirty-four species of late Miocene mollusks are recorded from the 

Castaic Formation; they represent, for the most part, a bathymetric environment of about five fathoms. They .were, however, transported into a different, deeper water environment prior to burial. Crassostrea as large as 

18 in. and Lyroyecten as large as 8 in. are recorded.
138 NEOGENB MARINE MOLLUSKS

Stanton, R. J., Jr., 1967b, Role of marine larger invertebrates in the recognition of the Miocene-Pliocene boundary in the California Coast Ranges 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Program, 63d Ann. Mtg., Santa Barbara, Calif., 

Mar. 22-25, 1967, p. 62.

Larger invertebrates are useful in local zonation in California but do 

not permit detailed correlation with European type sections for the Miocene and Pliocene. Phylogenetic series permit more precise correlation than 

broad-scale faunal comparisons, which may be in part due to variations in 

climate rather than evolutionary phenomena.

Stanton, R. J., Jr., 1969, Cyclic Tertiary shallow marine sedimentation, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, Program with abstracts for 1969, pt. 7, p. 

214.

Analysis of the macro-invertebrate fauna [mostly mollusks] of the Pliocene sequence at Kettleman Hills indicates repeated transgressive-regressive cycles of deposition. The environments at the time of the transgressive peak graded from relatively open, shallow marine conditions at the 

north to non-marine toward the south. Similar patterns occurred during 

the Miocene in California.

Stanton, R. J., Jr., and Dodd, J. R., 1969, Faunal and geochemical analysis of 

paleoenvironments, Kettleman Hills, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, 

Program with abstracts for 1969, pt. 3, p. 63.

Pliocene assemblages of the Kettleman Hills area indicate a marine climate similar to that of the northern part of the California molluscan 

province, just south of Point Conception (mean temperature 13°C). Strontium paleotemperatures on Crenomytilus suggest a mean of 14°C (range 

11.5°-17.8°). Salinities based on paleontologic and oxygen isotopic studies 

varied from normal marine to brackish, freshening abruptly during deposition of the Tulare Formation.

Starke, F. W., and Howard, A. D., 1968, Polygenetic origin of Monterey submarine canyon [California] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 7, p. 

813-326.

Pecten andersoni(l) was recovered from the Monterey Shale in a well 

near Moss Landing, Monterey County, Calif.

STEARNS, R. E. C., 1876, Descriptions of new fossil shells from the Tertiary 

of California: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 27, p. 463-464, pi. 27. 

Opalia anomala and 0. varicostata, new species from Pliocene strata 

about 8 miles north of San Diego, Calif., are described and illustrated.

Stearns, R. E. C., 1879, Remarks on fossil shells from the Colorado Desert: 

Am. Naturalist, v. 13, no. 3, p. 141-154.

A quotation from J. G. Cooper indicates that a bed of Crassostrea titan

.. of Miocene age occurs along the western edge of the Colorado Desert at

an altitude of about 1,000 ft. During the Pliocene the site of the present

Colorado Desert was occupied by the sea. Fossils described in the report

are of fresh water origin.

Stearns, R. E. C., 1900, The fossil shells of the Los Angeles tunnel clays [California] : Science, new ser., v. 12, no. 247, p. 247-250.

A giant Lima and two species of "Plagiostoma" occur in clay penetrated 

during excavation of the Third Street tunnel in Los Angeles, Calif.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 139

Steere, M. L., 1953, Bibliography of the geology and mineral resources of 

Oregon (second supplement), January 1, 1946, to December 31, 1950: 

Oregon Dept Geology and Mineral Industries Bull. 44, 61 p.

This is a useful, well-indexed compilation of reports published during 

the period 1946-50; unpublished theses are also included.

Steere, M. L., 1954, Fossil localities of Lincoln County beaches, Oregon: Ore 

Bin, v. 16, no. 4, p. 21-26.

Eight mollusks are recorded from the middle Miocene Astoria Formation. Four collecting localities in this formation are shown on a geologic 

index map.

Steere, M. L., 1955, Fossil localities in the Coos Bay area, Oregon: Ore Bin, v. 

17, no. 6, p. 39-43. 

Pliocene mollusk localities in the Empire Formation are listed.

Steere, M. L., and Owen, L. F., 1962, Bibliography of the geology and mineral 

resources of Oregon (third supplement), January 1, 1951, to December 31, 

1955: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries Bull. 53, 97 p.

This is a useful, well-indexed bibliography including many references to 

Neogene mollusks. Unpublished theses on Oregon geology and paleontology 

are included.

STEWART, R. B., 1927, Gabb's California fossil type gastropods: Acad. Nat. 

Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 78, p. 287-447, pis. 20-32, 5 text figs.

This is a comprehensive review and taxonomic treatment of Gabb's 

(1866, 1869) fossil gastropods from California, most of which are of Cretaceous and early Tertiary age. About 20 species are from post-Eocene strata 

of California. A new Oligocene and Miocene genus, Bruclarlcia, is proposed.

STEWART, R. B., 1930, Gabb's California Cretaceous and Tertiary type lamellibranchs: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Spec. Pub. 3, 314 p., 17 pis., 5 text 

figs.

About 20 of Gabb's species are from the Neogene, from localities mostly 

in California but also from Cedros Island, Mexico. The San Ramon Formation of Central California is considered to be of Miocene rather than 

Oligocene age. Many new genera and subgenera are named; a few conclusions from his earlier gastropod report are corrected or amended. All of 

Gabb's Neogene pelecypod types are figured. There is a section on Tertiary 

climatic history and origins of the temperate fauna of the eastern Pacific.

STEWART, R. B., 1946*, Geology of Reef Ridge, Coalinga district, California: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 205-C, p. 81-115, pis. 9-17. [1947]

A large molluscan fauna from the middle Miocene Temblor Sandstone is 

listed. It is divided into two zones, a lower Vertipecten zone, probably representing deeper less agitated water than the upper zone, the Aequipecten 

zone. A smaller faunal assemblage is recorded from the basal sand of the 

overlying McLure Shale. This is correlated with the molluscan assemblages 

from the Santa Margarita Formation north of Coalinga and is considered 

to be of late Miocene age. Nine Miocene mollusks are figured. Pliocene formations and a few characteristic mollusks are briefly reviewed.

Stewart, R. B., 1949, Lower Tertiary stratigraphy of Mount Diablo, Marysville 

Buttes, and west border of lower Central Valley of California: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Chart 35 (in 2 sheets).
140 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Eight late Tertiary mollusks are recorded from measured sections near 

Mount Diablo, Calif.

Stewart, B. B., Popenoe, W. P., and Snavely, P. D., Jr., 1944, Columnar sections showing correlation and subdivisions of Tertiary and late upper Cretaceous rocks, in Panoche Hills, Lagnna Seca area, and Orestimba area, 

Fresno, Merced, and Stanislaus Counties, Calif.: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and 

Gas Inv. Prelim. Chart 6.

Ten feet of strata exposed in the first canyon south of Moreno Gulch 

referred to the Temblor (?) Formation contain 10 species of mollusks that 

were identified by W. P. Woodring.

Stewart, R. E., and Stewart, K. C., 1949, Local relationships of the Mollusca of 

the Wildcat coast section, Humboldt County, California, with related data 

on the foraminifera and ostracoda: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral 

Industries Bull. 37, pt. 8, p. 165-208, pis. 19-22, text fig. 7, table.

Two molluscan faunal zones separated by "barren zones" occur in the 

Wildcat Formation; one subzone is recognized in the lower faunal zone 

and three are recognized in the upper zone. Species of mollusks restricted 

to each zone are listed. The stratigraphic ranges of Pliocene mollusks are 

shown on a chart

Stinemeyer, E. S., Beck, R. S., Ortalda, R. A., Espenscheid, E. K., Bainton, J. 

D., and O'Keefe, M. S., 1959, Guidebook, Chico Martinez Creek area field 

trip [California] : San Joaquin Geol. Soc., May 9,1959,15 p.

The Buttonbed sandstone contains Pecten andersoni and Pecten estrellanus. The so-called Phacoides reef contains Lucina acutilineata, dementia 

pertenuis, Amiantis mathewsoni, Chlamys sespeensis, Chlamys branneri, 

BruclarJcia barkeriana, and Ostrea sp. Pecten peclchami occurs in the Antelope Shale Member of the McLure Shale. Pecten miguelensis and P. estrellanus occur in the Carneros Sandstone. A chart of stratigraphic units of 

the Temblor and Monterey Formations in the Chico Martinez Creek area 

is included.

Stirton, R. A., 1936, Cenozoic mammal remains from the San Francisco Bay 

region [California] : California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 24, no. 13, 

p. 339-409.

Shallow water mollusk assemblages of provincial late Miocene age occur 

with continental vertebrates assigned to the early Pliocene at localities in 

the Tejon Hills and near Tracy, Calif. Marine invertebrates from the 

Merced Formation of Sonoma County are regarded by C. W. Merriam as 

"not older than Middle Pliocene."

Stirton, R. A., 1952, Are Petaluma horse teeth reliable in correlation?: Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 36, no. 10, p. 2011-2025.

There are five species of mollusks common to the Merced Formation of 

the Santa Rosa area and the Pliocene sequence of Kettleman Hills; one 

species Nassarius moranianus suggests correlation with the upper part 

of the Kettleman Hills Pliocene (San Joaquin Formation). Two brackish 

water mollusks also occur in the Petaluma Formation.

Stirton, R. A., 1960, A marine carnivore from the Clallam Miocene formation, 

Washington, its correlation with nonmarine faunas: California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 36, no. 7, p. 345-368.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 141

The marine mammal locality (Slip Point vertebrate fauna) is correlated 

with the Temblor Formation from California and the Turritella ocoyana 

biozone as shown by Kleinpell (1938).

Stock, Chester, 1946, Progress in paleontological research on the Pacific Coast, 

1917-1944: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 57, p. 319-354.

Reviews invertebrate paleontology (p. 322-326) including reference to 

some of the more important studies of Miocene and Pliocene mollusks.

Sullivan, J. C., 1961, Southeast Burrel oil field [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 47, no. 1, p. 51-56.

"Abundant megafossils" occur in the upper Miocene Santa Margarita 

Formation.

Sullivan, J. C., 1962, Guijarral Hills oil field [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 48, no. 2, p. 37-51.

"Abundant megafossils" occur in the upper Miocene Santa Margarita 

Formation and the middle Miocene Temblor Formation.

Sullivan, J. C., 1966, Kettleman North Dome oil field [California] : California 

Oil Fields, v. 52, no. 1, p. 5-21.

"Abundant megafossils" occur in the Temblor Formation (1,200-1,600 ft 

thick) and the Whepley Shale (30-450 ft thick). The underlying Vaqueros 

Formation is "sometimes referred to as the 'Mollusk boring sand'."

Susuki, Takeo, 1952, Stratigraphic paleontology of the type section of the 

Topanga Formation, Santa Monica Mountains, California [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 63, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1345.

An abundant molluscan fauna, collected from four stratigraphic intervals within the formation, is divisible into two faunal assemblages separated by about 1,200 ft of unfossiliferous strata. The lower assemblage, 

occurring through about 200 ft of strata at the base of the Topanga Formation, is characterized by Turritella ocoyana s.s. and Lyropecten crassicardo, n. var. The higher assemblage ranges through three upper horizons. 

It is characterized by many specimens of T. ocoyana topangensis and by 

T. terriblorensls.

Taggart, Larry, and Kraetsch, R. B., compilers, 1963, Fossil register of Salinas 

Valley area, in Guidebook to the geology of Salinas Valley and the San 

Andreas fault: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists-Soc. Econ. Paleontologists 

and Mineralogists, Pacific See, Ann. Spring Field Trip 1963, p. 54.

A few middle Miocene, late Miocene, and Pliocene mollusks are recorded 

from localities in the Salinas Valley.

Taliaferro, N. L., 1932, Geology of the Yakataga, Katalla, and Nichaeak Districts, Alaska : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 43, no. 3, p. 749-782.

"Fossils" occur in his Poul Creek and Yakataga Formations. Neptunea 

(Chrysodomus) is reported from Umbrella Reef and Leda fossa and Neptunea (Chrysodomus) cf. taoulatus from marine morainal material on the 

west side of Icy Bay.

Taliaferro, N. L., 1933, Oligocene sediments of the Yakataga-Controller Bay 

Region, Alaska [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 44, pt. 1, p. 167-168.

Tertiary sediments occurring between Icy Bay and Katalla are very fossiliferous. B. L. Clark has assigned the fauna to the late Oligocene. Shale468-965 72 10
142 NEQGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

matrix conglomerates and breccias in the Yakataga Formation containing 

marine fossils are regarded as marine moraines indicative of glaciation 

during the late Oligocene. The marine climate is considered to have been 

as cool as at present.

Taliaferro, N. L., 1943, Bradley-San Miguel district [California] : California 

Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 456-462.

The Santa Margarita Formation is fossiliferous; the Etchegoin Formation has yielded large collections of fossils that B. L. Clark refers to the 

"Jacalitos stage."

Taliaferro, N. L., and Schenck, H. G., 1933, Lepidocyclina in California: Am. 

Jour. Sci., v. 225, p. 74-80.

Three pectinids occur in the Vaqueros Formation at the Lepidocyclina 

locality in the Salinas basin: Pecten vanvlecki, P. miguelensis, and P. cf. 

P. sespeensis. Other mollusks characteristic of the Vaqueros Formation are 

reviewed.

Talmadge, R. R., 1964, The races of HaUotis fulgens Philippi (Mollusca: Gastropoda) : San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 13, no. 18, p. 371-376.

Miocene HaUotis lasia Woodring and Pliocene H. elsmerensis Yokes are 

identical; they are either H. fulgens or an ancestral species.

Talmadge, R. R., 1968, Additional notes on benthic invertebrates from northern 

California [abs.] : The Echo, Western Soc. Malacologists, First Ann. Mtg., 

p. 9-10.

Modern counterparts of Pliocene mollusks from the Wildcat Group have 

been taken by fishing boats (trawlers) off Eureka, Calif. Included is a 

range extension of a Pliocene Trophon described by Martin (1914).

Taylor, D. W., 1966, Summary of North American Blancan nonmarine mollusks : Malacologia, v. 4, no. 1, p. 1-172.

"Gonio'basis rodeoensis (Clark)" figured by Hanna (1923) from the 

Petaluma Formation, Sonoma County, Calif., is a nonmarine species and it 

differs on a familial level from Clark's species which probably belongs to 

the Potamididae.

Tegland, N. M., 1928, "Thyasira Disjuncta Gabb not Thyasira Bisecta Conrad. 

The Recent West Coast Shell": Nautilus, v. 41, p. 129-130.

Thyasira disjuncta ranges from the Pliocene to Holocene on the Pacific 

coast; T, bisecta is a Miocene species found so far only in the Astoria 

Formation.

TEGLAND, N. M., 1929, Correlation and affinities of certain species of Pitaria: 

California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 18, no. 10, p. 275-290, 2 

pis.

An assemblage of eight mollusks from a locality in the middle Miocene 

Clallam Formation near Slip Point, Clallam Bay, Wash., is listed. One of 

these, Pitaria arnoldi etheringtoni n. subsp., is described and illustrated.

TEGLAND, N. M., 1931, Gastropod genus Galeodea in the Oligocene of Washington: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 19, no. 18, p. 

397-444, pis. 59-65.

Two Miocene species, Galeodea apta n. sp. and G. petrosa (Conrad), are 

described and illustrated.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 143

TEGLAND, N. M., 1933, The fauna of the type Blakeley upper Oligocene of 

Washington: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 23, no. 3, p. 

81-174, pis. 2-15.

There are many similarities between the late Oligocene fauna of the 

type Blakeley Formation and the middle Miocene fauna of the type Astoria Formation of northwestern Oregon. Faunal evidence suggests that the 

upper part of the Twin River Formation is at least of a different facies 

and possibly of somewhat younger age than the Blakeley Formation at its 

type section. Twelve new inolluscan taxa are described from the Twin 

River fauna which is of late Oligocene and/or early Miocene age.

Templeton, E. C., 1913, General geology of the San Jose and Mount Hamilton 

quadrangles [California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 24, p. 96.

The lowest Miocene sandstone in this area belongs to the Temblor 

["Temblor Stage"] on the basis of an abundant age diagnostic fauna [mollusks are reported from this area by Crittenden (1951)].

TERRY, J. S., 1968, Mediargo, a new Tertiary genus in the Family Cymatiidae: Veliger, v. 11, no. 1, p. 42-44, 1 pi.

Mediargo mediocris (Ball) occurs in the Pliocene of Oregon and "Washington. Eight specimens are figured.

Terry, R. D., 1955, Bibliography of marine geology and oceanography, 

California coast: California Div. Mines Spec. Kept. 44, 131 p.

This report lists many papers on the late Cenozoic of coastal California; 

a few of these include inolluscan data.

Thorup, R. R., 1943, Type locality of the Vaqueros formation [California] : 

California Div. Mines Bull. 118, pt. 4, p. 463-466, 3 figs, in text.

The stratigraphic occurrence of some characteristic mollusks is shown 

on a composite columnar section of the type Vaqueros Formation and in 

the text.

Tieje, A. J., 1926, The Pliocene and Pleistocene history of the Baldwin Hills, 

Los Angeles County, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 

10, no. 5, p. 502-512.

Fossiliferous upper Pliocene sands exposed in Los Angeles outfall sewer 

trench include a faunal assemblage of 53 species, chiefly mollusks, that are 

of a "notably cold-water facies."

Tieje, A. J., 1930, Miocene oysters of California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., v. 41, p. 213.

Several valid species of oysters are recognized from the California Miocene. "The unpublished Ostrea vaquerosensis Loci" which occurs in the 

Vaqueros Formation is distinct from 0. titan. Ostrea titan probably occurs 

in the middle Miocene "Temblor-Topanga."

Touwaide, M. E., 1930, Origin of the Boleo copper deposit, Lower California, 

Mexico: Econ. Geology, v. 25, p. 113-144.

A list of Pliocene mollusks identified by U. S. Grant, 4th, is recorded. 

Two pectinids are listed from the lower part of his Salada Formation; six 

pelecypods are listed from the upper part of the formation.

TRASK, J. B., 1855a, Descriptions of fossil shells: California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

v. 1, p. 40-42.
144 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Three species are described from exposures near Santa Barbara, Calif. 

They were regarded as of Tertiary age by Trask but may have been collected from lower Pleistocene strata (Santa Barbara Formation).

Trask, J. B., 1855b, *** Report on the geology of the Coast Mountains; and 

embracing their agricultural resources and mineral production also, portions of the middle and northern mining districts: California Legislature, 

Senate Doc. 14, 95 p.

Noted fossiliferous nature of sandstone and shale above his "infusorial 

group" [Monterey Shale].

TRASK, J. B., 1856, Description of three new species of the genus Plagiostoma 

from the Cretaceous rocks of Los Angeles [California] : California Acad. 

Nat. Sci. Proc., v. 1, p. 86, pi. 3 (1856; 2d ed., 1873, p. 93-94).

Plagiostoma pedrona [pedroana], P. annulatus, and P. truncata from 

rocks thought to be of Mesozoic age [Monterey Shale, Miocene] are 

described and illustrated.

Trask, P. D., 1921, A study of the fauna and stratigraphy of the Briones Formation of middle California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 32, p. 

145-146.

The Briones Formation is assigned to the lowest part of the upper Miocene San Pablo Series because nearly 60 percent of the determinable species also occur in the San Pablo whereas only 15 percent occur in the 

underlying Monterey Formation. The upper and lower contacts are marked 

by pholad borings.

TRASK, P. D., 1922, The Briones formation of middle California: California 

Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 13, no. 5, p. 133-174, pis. 1-8.

Twenty new mollusks are described from the Briones Formation. A new 

gastropod genus, Koilopleura, is named. Eighty-six mollusks are listed 

from the Briones Formation together with their known geologic ranges.

Trask, P. D., 1926, Geology of Point Sur quadrangle, California: California 

Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 16, no. 6, p. 119-186.

Mollusks occur in three fossiliferous horizons in the middle Miocene 

Temblor Formation. Three mollusks are listed from stratigraphically 

higher Miocene rocks mapped as San Pablo Group.

Travis, R. B., 1952, Geology of the Sebastopol quadrangle, California: California Div. Mines Bull. 162, 33 p.

Nineteen mollusks from several localities in the Pliocene Merced Formation are listed. The fossils are regarded as of middle or late Pliocene age 

and indicative of marine climate somewhat cooler than occurs at this latitude today.

Treasher, R. C., and Hodge, B. T., 1936, Bibliography of the geology and mineral resources of Oregon with digests and index to July 1, 1936: Oregon 

State Planning Board, 224 p.

Includes many references to Neogene mollusks. Each reference is annotated.

Trefzger, R. E., Webster, Cutler, and Redwine, L. E., 1952, Goleta Point-Tecolote Tunnel, in Redwine, L. E., chairman, and others, Cenozoic correlation 

section paralleling north and south margins [of the] western Ventura
BIBLIOGRAPHY 145

basin from Point Conception to Ventura and Channel Islands, Calif.: Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Subcommittee on the Cenozoic of the Geologic 

Names and Correlations Committee, 2 sheets. 

Megafossils and an oyster reef occur in the Vaqueros Formation.

Trimble, D. E., 1963, Geology of Portland, Oregon, and adjacent areas: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 1119, 119 p.

Two molluscan assemblages from the Scappoose Formation northwest of 

Portland, Oreg., identified by E. J. Trumbull and Ralph Stewart, are 

listed. The assemblages are believed to be of "probable early Miocene age" 

and "probably late Oligocene or early Miocene" (p. 17-18).

TRUMBULL, E. J., 1958*, Shumard's type specimens of Tertiary mollusks 

from Oregon and other types at Washington University, St. Louis: Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 32, no. 5, p. 893-906, pis. 115-117.

Patinopecten ooosensis and CMone (Securella) securis are illustrated 

and described. Securella is an extinct subgenus of CMone of northern distribution as contrasted with Chionopsis, a Miocene to Holocene southern 

subgenus of CMone.

Tudor, R. B., 1962, Recent developments in the Kraft-York area of Placerita 

oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 48, no. 1, p. 47-53.

The upper part of the Pliocene Pico Formation (180-620 ft. thick) contains abundant marine molluscan fossils.

Turner, H. W., 1891, The geology of Mount Diablo, California: Geol. Soc. 

America Bull., v. 2, p. 383-414, pi. 15.

Miocene beds contain Ostrea titan Conrad; 15 mollusks are listed from 

stratigraphically higher beds near Kirker Pass that are also of Miocene 

age.

Turner, H. W., 1898, Notes on some igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary 

rocks of the Coast Ranges of California: Jour. Geology, v. 6, no. 5, p. 

483-499.

Mollusks from the San Pablo Formation near Kirker Pass are listed.

Turner, H. W., and Stanton, T. W., 1894, Notes on the geology of the Coast 

Ranges of California: Am. Geologist, v. 14, p. 92-98.

A few Miocene molluscan genera from localities in San Benito and 

Fresno Counties are recorded.

Turner, R. D., 1954, The family Pholadidae in the western Atlantic and the 

eastern Pacific, pt. 1, Pholadinae: Johnsonia, v. 3, no. 33, p. 1-63. 

The geologic ranges of pholadid genera are shown on a chart.

Tyson, P. T., 1850, Information in relation to the geology and topography of 

California, in Report of the Secretary of War: U.S. 31st Cong., 1st Sess., 

Senate Ex. Doc. 47, p. 1-74.

According to Ashley (I895a), Tyson noted a large oyster in beds near 

Martinez and in Livermore Valley which led him to assign them to the 

Eocene or Miocene.

Valentine, J. W., 1961, Paleoecologic molluscan geography of the Californian 

Pleistocene: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 34, no. 7, p. 309-442.

A correlation chart of medial Pliocene to late Pleistocene formations of 

California, based in large part on molluscan data, is presented.
146 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Valentine, J. W., 1982, Molluscan biofacies of the Santa Barbara Formation, 

California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 68, p. 289.

The fauna of the Santa Barbara Formation includes about 250 species 

of mollusks. These are found in at least three associations related to sediment texture and depth. The formation is considered to be of Pliocene and 

Pleistocene age.

Valentine, J. W., and Mallory, Bob, 1985, Recurrent groups of bonded species 

in mixed death assemblages: Jour. Geology, v. 73, no. 5, p. 683-701.

Computer analysis of data from 225 late Cenozoic fossil localities in California indicates a series of 16 recurrent groups. These are assigned to 

nine fossil communities representing littoral to deep sublittoral biotopes. 

Data from 40 localities in the Pliocene-Pleistocene Santa Barbara Formation are included in the analysis. Mixed late Cenozoic depth assemblages 

are attributed to the existence of environmental conditions different from 

the modern marine environment off California rather than to mechanical 

mixing or physiologic change.

Valentine, J. W., and Meade, R. R., 1960, Isotopic and zoogeographic paleotemperatures of Californian Pleistocene mollusks: Science, v. 132, no. 3430, 

p. 810-811.

Paleontologic and isotopic analysis of Pleistocene mollusks from southern California provide independent evidence of similar Pleistocene climatic 

trends. Isotopic data from the Lomita Marl indicate temperatures of from 

13.2° to 19.0°C.

Valentine, J. W., and Meade, R. F., 1981, Californian Pleistocene paleotemperatures: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 40, no. 1, p. 1-46.

A critical review of zoogeographic-based inferences of Cenozoic marine 

climate of the Pacific coast with particular reference to the California 

Pleistocene. The paleoecologic approach is contrasted with oxygen isotope 

paleotemperatures on Pleistocene shells from northern Baja California and 

California. There is a useful tabulation of extralimital mollusks including 

range end-points, depth ranges and average summer and winter surface 

water temperatures at the range end-points. Isotopic determinations of 

three mollusks from the lower Pleistocene Lomita Marl are indicative of 

rather warm water but there is also evidence of water temperatures at 

times cooler than today during deposition of the Lomita.

Valentine, W. W., 1943, Semitropic gas field [California] : California Div. 

Mines Bull, 118, p. 542.

A "first Hi/a-Elphidium zone" occurs at the top of the "San Joaquin 

Clays."

van Amringe, J. H., and Kilkenny, J. E., 1964, San Andreas fault cross sextions no. 10, 11, and 12 from Valyermo, California, to the Mexican Border: 

Am Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section, Committee for the study 

of lateral faulting in California.

Early Miocene mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation near Cajon Pass 

(five taxa), San Bernardino County, Calif., identified by W. H. Corey, are 

recorded.

VanCouvering, Martin, and Alien, H. B., 1943, Devils Den oil field [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118 p. 49&-501.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 147

Pecten andersoni occurs in their Escudo Formation and Anadara osmonti 

and Lucina acutilincata in the upper member of their Hannah Formation 

[Kern County, Calif.].

Vanderboof, V. L., 1942, Bearing of sea-cows on age of Vaqueros, in Schenck, 

H. G., and Childs, T. S., Jr., Significance of Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) 

calif ornica, new species, in the Vaqueros Formation (Tertiary), California : Stanford Univ. Pub., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 40-42.

Turritella ocoyana is reported from north of Coalinga. The Sooke Formation is equivalent to the Vaqueros Formation based on sea-cow evidence, that is, "The 'Vaqueros" does not represent a long time interval 

between the 'Sooke' and the 'Temblor' but should be considered at least in 

part, as being equal to Sooke time ***"

Vanderhoof, V. L., 1956, Correlation chart, central California Coast Ranges: 

California Oil Fields, v. 42, no. 1, p. 43. 

Some common mollusks are recorded in a correlation chart.

Vander Leek, Lawrence, 1921, Petroleum resources of California with special 

reference to unproved areas: California Mining Bur. Bull. 89, 186 p., 6 

pis., 12 figs.

Some characteristic Miocene or Pliocene mollusks are recorded.

Vaughan, F. E., 1918, Evidence in San Gorgonio Pass, Riverside County, of a 

Late Pliocene extension of the Gulf of Lower California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 

American Bull., v. 29, p. 164-165.

An invertebrate assemblage from near San Gorgonio Pass is correlated 

with fossiliferous exposures at Carrizo Creek. A post-Miocene age is suggested.

Vaughan, F. E., 1922, Geology of the San Bernardino Mountain north of San 

Gorgonio Pass [California] : California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 13, no. 9, p. 319-411, pis, 17-23,1 map, 12 text figs.

The Lion sandstone contains Turritella, Spondylus, Pecten subno&osus, 

and other pectinids.

Vaughan, T. W., 1917, The reef-coral fauna of Carrizo Creek, Imperial County, 

California, and its significance: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 98-T, p. 

355-395, figs. 43-46, pis. 91-102.

Gastropods and pelecypods indentified by W. S. W. Kew from the lower 

and upper divisions of his Carrizo Formation are listed; these indicate a 

Pliocene age.

Vedder, J. G., 1960, Previously unreported Pliocene mollusca from the southeastern Los Angeles Basin [California], in Short papers in the Geological Sciences: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 400-B, p. B326-B328.

The megafauna of the Niguel Formation exposed near San Juan Capistrano and an unnamed sandstone of Pliocene age exposed in the upper 

part of Newport Bay contain a combined fauna of 205 taxa many of 

which were not previously known from rocks of Pliocene age and were not 

previously reported from the Los Angeles basin. Stratigraphically diagnostic and restricted mollusks from each formation are listed along with their 

occurrence in other Pliocene sections from California and Mexico. 

Vedder, J. G., 1988, Geologic map of Fox Mountain quadrangle, Santa Barbara 

County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-547, scale 

1:24,000.
148 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Characteristic mollusks from lower to upper Miocene formations are 

noted in the map explanation. Megainvertebrate localities are plotted on 

the map.

Vedder, J. G., Gower, H. D., Clifton, H. E., and Durham, D. L., 1967, Reconnaissance geologic map of the central San Rafael Mountains and vicinity, 

Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 

1-487, scale 1:48,000. 

Fourteen mollusks from lower and middle Miocene rocks are listed.

Vedder, J. G., and Repenning, C. A., 1965, Geologic map of the southeastern 

Caliente Range, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil 

and Gas Inv. Map OM-217, scale 1:24,000.

Marine mollusks occur in several map units of Miocene age. Fossil localities are plotted on the geologic map.

Vedder, J. G., Yerkes, R. F., and Schoellhamer, J. E., 1957, Geologic map of 

the San Joaquin Hills-San Juan Capistrano area, Orange County, California : U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-193, scale 1:24,000.

Turritella ocoyana and other mollusks occur in the Topanga Formation. 

Three species of Pliocene mollusks are listed from the Niguel Formation. 

Megafossil localities are plotted on the geologic map.

Vogdes, A. W., 1896, A bibliography relating the geology, paleontology and mineral resources of California : California Mining Bur. Bull. 10, 121 p.

Included are many reports containing paleontologic data. References are 

arranged by journal and, in many cases, include extensive annotations 

indicating new fossil names. The reports are indexed by author and generalized title.

Vogdes, A. W., 1904, A bibliography relating to the geology, paleontology, and 

mineral resources of California: California Mining Bur. Bull. 30, 290 p.

Included in this useful annotated bibliography are all references in 

Vogdes (1896) in addition to subsequently published reports through 1903. 

The names of new species of mollusks are indicated in annotations of 

paleontologic reports.

Voices, E. H., 1969, The genus Trajana (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the New 

World: Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 75-83. 

Described Trajana (Nerva) woodringi n. sp. from the Miocene Gatun 

Formation of Panama. This is the type species of Nerva, a nassariid gastropod with apertural denticles by which it can be differentiated from 

Trajana s.s.

VOKBS, H. E., 1935, A new species of Haliotis from the Pliocene of Southern 

California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 251-252, pi. 25.

Haliotis elsmerensis n. sp. is described from lower Pliocene strata in 

Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, Calif.

VOKES, H. E., 1939, Molluscan faunas of the Domengine and Arroyo Hondo 

formations of the California Eocene: New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 38, 

p. 1-246, pis. 1-22.

The dentition of Miocene Miltha sanctaecrusis (Arnold) is compared 

with Eocene species.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 149

Yokes, H. E., 1955, Notes on Tertiary and Recent Solemyacidae: Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 534-545.

Solemya ventricosa from the Miocene Astoria Formation of Oregon and 8. 

aff. 8. johnsoni from the Pliocene Repetto Formation of southern California are reviewed.

Yokes, H. E., 1963, Studies of Tertiary and Recent giant Limidae: Tulane 

Studies Geology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 75-92, 2 pis.

Two Neogene species from the eastern North Pacific are briefly 

reviewed: Lima (Acesta) twinensis Durham, and L. (A.) hamlini Dall.

Yokes, H. E., 1969, Observations on the genus Miltha (Mollusca: Bivalvia) 

with notes on the type and the Florida Neogene species: Tulane Studies in 

Geology and Paleontology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 93-125.

Miltha first appears during the early Miocene in California (M. sanctaecrusis Arnold).

Yokes, H. E., Norbisrath, Hans, and Snavely, P.D., Jr., 1949, Geology of the 

Newport-Waldport area, Lincoln County, Oregon: U.S. Geol Survey Oil and 

Gas Inv. Prelim. Map 88, scale 1:62,500, geol. map and text.

Mollusks from localities in the Yaquina Formation, Nye Mudstone, and 

Astoria Formation are listed. The localities are plotted on the geologic 

map.

Yon Estorff, F. E., 1930, Kreyenhagen shale at type locality, Fresno County, 

California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 14, no. 10, p. 1321- 

1336, 5 figs.

Many shallow-water mollusks including Turritella ocoyana and Pecten 

andersoni occur in the middle part of the Temblor Formation on Reef 

Ridge.

WAGNER, C. M., and SCHILLING, K. H., 1923, The San Lorenzo Group of 

the San Emigdio region, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 14, no. 6, p. 235-276, pis. 43-50.

Two species from the Miocene Monterey Group, Pecten vaughani emigdioensis n. subsp., and Tivela inezana (Conrad), are figured. Mollusks 

from the uppermost fossiliferous zone of Pleito Formation and a few species from the Monterey Group are listed.

Walker, T. R., 1967, Formation of red beds in modern and ancient deserts: 

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 3, p. 353-368.

Pliocene intertidal deposits containing Ostrea californica occur on the 

coastal plain about 35-40 miles south of San Felipe, Baja California, 

Mexico [no other species listed]. Ostrea californica and Argopecten deserti 

occur in Pliocene deposits in the Cocopah Mountains about 20 miles south 

of the United States-Mexico border.

Waller, T. R., 1969, The evolution of the Argopecten gibbus stock (Mollusca: 

Bivalvia), with emphasis on the Tertiary and Quaternary species of eastern North America: Jour. Paleontology Mem. 3 (Paleontol. Soc. Mem. 3) 

(Jour. Paleontology, v. 43, no. 5, supp.), 125 p.

Argopecten cvrcularis and A. purpuratus, Pliocene to Holocene species 

from the Pacific coast, are reviewed. Neogene species of Plagioctenium 

[Aequipecten] of Arnold including P. discus and P. andersoni, from the 

Pacific coast are noted but are not considered in detail.
150 MBO.GENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Walling, R. W., 1939, Canal and Strand oil fields [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 24, no. 4, p. 9-15.

"Mulinia, densata Conrad, a fossil marker for the top of the Etchegoin (Pliocene), was cored at 3,990 feet" in Shell Oil Co. well "Canal A" 

21-14.

Waring, C. A., 1914, Geology and possibilities of oil in portions of Monterey, 

San Luis Obispo, and San Benito Counties, [Chap.] 10 of McLaughlin, R. 

P., Petroleum industry of California: California Mining Bur. Bull. 69, p. 

418-438.

A few mollusks are recorded from the Vaqueros, Monterey, Santa Margarita, Jacalitos, and Etchegoin Formations, in part from the vicinity of 

Vineyard Canyon northeast of San Miguel, Calif.

Warren, W. C., Grivetti, R. M., and Norbisrath, Hans, 1945, Geology of northwestern Oregon, west of Willamette River and north of latitude 45°15': 

U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Map 42, geol. map and text.

A few mollusks from beds of Blakeley age [in part early Miocene] and 

the Astoria Formation [middle Miocene] identified by H. E. Yokes are 

listed. The localities are plotted on the geologic map.

Warren, W. C., and Norbisrath, Hans, 1946, Stratigraphy of upper Nenalem 

River basin, northwestern Oregon: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 

v. 30, no. 2, p. 213-237.

Mollusks from the Scappoose Formation identified by H. E. Yokes 

include 21 taxa that are considered to be of late Oligocene or early Miocene age. The fauna is correlated with the Sooke Formation of Vancouver 

Island, British Columbia.

Washburne, C. W., 1914, Geology and oil prospects of northwestern Oregon: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 590, 111 p.

There is an extensive description of fossiliferous Miocene rocks at Astoria and scattered occurrences of Miocene mollusks at inland localities, 

many of which would nowadays be included in the Scappoose Formation. 

Lists of mollusks of Miocene age identified by W. H. Ball are included.

WATERFALL, L. N., 1929, A contribution to the paleontology of the Fernando 

Group, Ventura County, California: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 18, no. 3, p. 71-92, pis. 5, 6.

Nine new mollusks from the Pliocene Fernando Group are described. 

Twelve mollusks from the "lower Pico," 84 from the upper Pico Formation, 

and 92 from the Saugus Formation all from the northwestern part of Ventura basin are listed. The upper Pico fauna is cold temperate; the Saugus 

fauna warm temperate. Percentages of northern and southern mollusks in 

the faunas suggest that the Pico is of relatively cold-water aspect and that 

the Saugus is of somewhat warmer aspect than the fauna living at this 

latitude today. The Pico is assigned to the Pliocene; the Saugus to the 

Pleistocene.

Watts, W. L., 1894, The gas and petroleum yielding formations of the central 

valley of California : California Mining Bur. Bull. 3,100 p.

Miocene and Pliocene mollusks are listed from localities in the southern 

and western parts of the San Joaquin basin, California: Kern River area 

(early and middle Miocene) 33 species; western San Emigdio Mountains
BIBLIOGRAPHY 151

(Pliocene) three species, (Miocene or Pliocene) nine species; McKittrick 

area (Pliocene) two species; Reef Ridge area several middle Miocene 

and Pliocene species; Kettleman Hills are (Pliocene) 13 species; lower 

Pliocene southwest of Coalinga 17 species; and some upper Miocene and 

Pliocene inollusks from about 10 miles north of Coalinga.

Watts, W. L., 1897, Oil and gas yielding formations of Los Angeles, Ventura 

and Santa Barbara Counties [California] : California Mining Bur. Bull. 11, 

p. 1-94.

Pliocene fossils from downtown Los Angeles area identified by Dr. J. G. 

Cooper are listed.

Watts, W. L., 1900, Oil and gas yielding formations of California: California 

Mining Bur. Bull. 19, 236 p.

Peeten peckhami occurs in Neogene shales at Coalinga and Ostrea 

titan and Lyropecten in overlying sandstones. Miocene fossils from Santiago Canyon, Piru Creek, and Big Tar Canyon, middle Neogene fossils 

"(San Pablo Group)" [Pliocene, in part] from Puente Hills, Elsmere 

Canyon, and Piru Creek, and upper Neogene fossils (Pliocene) from a 

shallow well near San Juan Capistrano, all identified by J. C. Merriam, 

are listed.

Weaver, C. E., 1909, Stratigraphy and palaeontology of the San Pablo formation in Middle California: California Univ. Dept. Geology Bull., v. 5, no. 

16, p. 243-269.

Sixty-nine species of mollusks are recorded from his San Pablo Formation; their stratigraphic occurrence [lower, middle, and upper San Pablo] 

as well as their occurrences in the Merced, Purisima and Santa Margarita 

Formations are indicated. On the basis of percentage of living species, the 

San Pablo is assigned to the Pliocene.

WEAVER, C. E., 1912, A preliminary report on the Tertiary paleontology of 

western Washington: Washington Geol. Survey Bull. 15, 80 p., 15 pis.

A review of the Tertiary paleontology and stratigraphy of western 

Washington with a preliminary geologic map, lists of characteristic mollusks from four Miocene formations, and descriptions of 63 new molluscan 

taxa of Miocene age [many are from the Montesano Formation, a few of 

these are from strata now classified as late Oligocene].

Weaver, C. E., 1914, Lower Miocene of Washington [abs.] : Geol, Soc. America 

Bull., v. 25, p. 153-154.

The nautiloid Aturia, formerly regarded as an index to the Oligocene, 

occurs in the lower Miocene of western Washington.

Weaver, C. E., 1916a, The post-Eocene formations of western Washington: California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 6, no. 2, p. 19-40.

Five post-Eocene faunal zones including the Acila gettysburgensis (late 

Oligocene-early Miocene), Area, montereyana, (middle Miocene), and Yoldia 

strigaia zones (late Miocene) are defined. Generalized list of molluscan 

species are presented for each zone.

WEAVER, C. E., 1916b, Tertiary faunal horizons of western Washington: 

Washington Univ. Pub. Geology, v. 1, no. 1, p. 1-67, pis. 1-5.

Three Miocene "zones" are defined: Acila gettysburgensis [in part 

late Oligocene of modern usage], Area montereyana, and Yoldia strlgata in
152 NEQGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

ascending order. Rocks near the mouth oi the Quinault River in western 

Washington may represent a still younger unit than the Yoldia, strigata 

"zone." Characteristic species of each zone are listed. Six new species of 

gastropods and one pelecypod from the Area montereyana "zone" are 

described and illustrated.

Weaver, C. E., 1916c, The Tertiary formations of western Washington: Washington Geol. Survey Bull. 13, 327 p.

A comprehensive review of the Tertiary geology of western Washington. 

Included are an annotated bibliography, descriptions of Miocene formations including characteristic mollusks, geologic maps showing fossil localities, locality descriptions, and check lists of (1) Oligocene and Miocene 

mollusks and (2) upper Miocene mollusks.

Weaver, C. E., 1918, Paleogeography of the Oligocene of Washington [abs.] : 

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 29, p. 165-166.

The Sooke Formation is regarded as a basal Oligocene unit in the more 

northern of two Oligocene basins of deposition in Washington and southernmost British Columbia. Overlying strata are assigned to the Molopophorus lincolnensis zone. The uppermost beds in the northern embayment 

contain a fauna that has been designated the Acila gettysburgensis zone 

[in part of Miocene age] which is of cooler aspect than the Oligocene 

M. lincolnensis zone which is regarded as subtropical.

Weaver, C. E., 1937, Tertiary stratigraphy of western Washington and northwestern Oregon: Washington Univ. Pub. Geology, v. 4, 266 p.

A stratigraphic resume of Tertiary formations that furnishes a framework for Weaver's (1942) later catalog of marine larger invertebrates 

from this region. A few mollusks are referred to in the text but no faunal 

lists are included.

WEAVER, C. E., 1942, Paleontology of the marine Tertiary formations of 

Oregon and Washington: Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pubs. Geology, v. 5, 

pts. 1-3, 789 p., 104 pis.

A comprehensive catalog of larger invertebrate fossils, mostly mollusks, 

described from Oregon and Washington. Treatment for each species 

includes original description, type locality, location of type specimen(s), 

geologic and geographic distribution, supplementary description or comparative notes, and illustration of each species usually including a figure of 

the type specimen. Also included is a comprehensive chronologic bibliography of paleontologic reports, a list of University of Washington faunal 

localities, and a correlation chart. Two new Miocene mollusks are 

described : Megasurcula, efherlngtoni and Yoldia clallamensis.

Weaver, C. E., 1945, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Tertiary formations 

at Coos Bay, Oregon: Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pubs. Geology, v. 6, p. 

31-62.

The fauna of the Empire Formation incudes 112 mollusks which are 

enumerated in a stratigraphic checklist. Localities are listed and are 

shown on detailed geologic maps of the sea-cliff exposures.

Weaver, C. E., 1949, Geology of the Coast Ranges immediately north of the

San Francisco Bay region, California: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 35, 242 p.

Extensive faunal lists from the San Ramon Sandstone, Monterey Group,

Briones Sandstone, Cierbo Sandstone, and Neroly Sandstone from the San
BIBLIOGRAPHY 153

Pablo Bay area are presented. The fauna of the San Ramon Formation is 

assigned to the Oligocene.

Weaver, C. B., 1953, Eocene and Paleocene deposits at Martinez, California: 

Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pubs. Geology, v. 7,102 p., pis. 1,2.

Lists of mollusks from the San Ramon Formation (47 species), Sobrante 

Sandstone (20 species), and Briones Sandstone (54 species) are included.

Weaver, C. E., chm., and others (20), 1944, Correlation of the marine Cenozoic 

formations of western North America: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 55, no. 

5, p. 569-598.

The basic scheme for Pacific coast Cenozoic molluscan correlation is set 

forth in this publication. Here and there a few mollusks characteristic of 

particular stratigraphic units are indicated in addition to zonal index fossils on the correlation chart. Differences in correlating the microfossil and 

megafossil chronologies with Europe are shown and discussed. California 

Neogene "stages" are first defined in this report.

Weaver, D. W., 1965, Summary of Tertiary stratigraphy, western Santa Ynez 

Mountains [California], in Western Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara 

County, California, Guidebook, 1965: Coast Geol. Soc., Pacific Sec. Soc. 

Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 16-30.

Three mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation are recorded. There is a 

discussion of the relationship between foraminiferal faunas of the Saucesian Stage and the Miocene megafaunal sequence.

WEAVER, D. W., ed., and OTHERS, 1969*, Geology of the Northern Channel 

Islands [California] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists and Soc. Econ. 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Spec. Pub., 200 p., 34 pis., 

18 figs.

Several articles contain data on Miocene and Pliocene molluscan assemblages from San Miguel, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands. More than 

20 mollusks from formations of early Miocene to Pliocene age are illustrated.

Weaver, D. W., and Doerner, D. P., 1969, Mid-Tertiary stratigraphy, San 

Miguel Island [California], in Weaver, D. W., ed., Geology of the Northern Channel Islands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists and Soc. Econ. 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Spec. Pub., p. 80-84.

Mollusks identified by Bremner (1933) from the Vaqueros Formation 

and five mollusks from their Beechers Bay Member of the Monterey Formation, considered to be of middle Miocene age, are listed. The latter 

assemblage occurs stratigraphically above foraminiferal assemblages referable to the Saucesian Stage and below assemblages referable to the Luisian Stage.

Weaver, D. W., and Frantz, J. D., 1967, Re-evaluation of the type Refugian 

Stage of the Pacific Coast Tertiary [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Program 

Ann. Mtg., Santa Barbara, Calif., Mar. 22-25, 1967, p. 69-70.

The fauna of the Alegria Formation is now regarded as referable to the 

Oligocene Refugian Stage based on new mapping of the type area of the 

Refugian Stage in the western part of the Santa Ynez Mountains. It was 

previously believed to be in part of post-Refugian, Zemorrian age.

Weaver, D. W., Griggs, G., McClure, D. V., and McKey, J. R., 1969, Volcaniclastic sequence, south-central Santa Cruz Island [California], in Weaver,
154 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

D. W., ed., Geology of the Northern Channel Islands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists and Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific 

Sees., Spec. Pub., p. 85-90.

Five mollusks are recorded from the middle Miocene San Onofre Breccia ; they suggest that this formation was deposited in a shallow-water 

marine environment and that the formation grades into finer grained sediments containing Saucesian foraminiferal assemblages.

Weaver, .D. W., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1963, Mollusca from the Turritella variata, zone and their chronologic and biogeographic significance, in Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., Oligocene biostratigraphy of the Santa 

Barbara embayment, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 43, 

pt. 2, p. 81-161, pis. 18-38.

There is a brief discussion of mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation 

and problems of correlation by mollusks. Early Saucesian foraminiferal 

assemblages are correlated with Loel and Corey's (1932) "Vaqueros-Temblor Transition Zone," late Saucesian assemblages with the "Bruclarlcia 

barkeriana Zone."

Weaver, D. W., and Meyer, G. L., 1969, Stratigraphy of northeastern Santa 

Cruz Island [California], in Weaver, D. W., ed., Geology of the Northern 

Channel Islands: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists and Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Spec. Pub., p. 95-104.

Five mollusks first recovered by Rand (1933) from the Monterey Formation and 12 from their newly named Potato Harbor Formation of Pliocene 

age are listed.

Webster, Arthur, 1906, Geology of the west coast of Vancouver Island [British 

Columbia, Canada] : Canada Geol. Survey Ann. Rept., new ser., v. 15, 

1902-3, p. 54A-76A.

Six feet of sandstone beds with "vast quantities of fossil shells of various species" occur at the mouth of Coal Creek (p. 59A). Fossil shells 

occur from half a mile west of Muir Creek to the mouth of Coal Creek. 

Fossils occur in soft bedded sandstone at Point St. Juan.

Weddle, J. R., 1959, Premier and Enas areas of Poso Creek oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 45, no. 2, p. 41-50.

Casts of "Hacoma kerica, Area trilineata and Vosella recto," occur 

in a 110-ft shale section called the Macorna Claystone Member of the Etchegoin Formation.

Weddle, J. R., 1961, Union Avenue oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, 

v. 47, no. 1, p. 14-18. 

"Megafossils" occur in the "Santa Margarita sand" (upper Miocene).

Weddle, J. R., 1962, Calders Corner oil field [California]: California Oil 

Fields, v. 48, no. 1, p. 55-61.

Mulinia [Pseudocardium] densata occurs in the upper 2,780 ft of the 

Etchegoin Formation; casts of Macoma kerica occur in the lower 4,150 ft 

of the formation.

Weddle, J. R., 1965, Northeast Area of McKittrick oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 51, no. 2, p. 5-20.

A zone containing abundant Pecten peckhami occurs near the top of the 

upper Miocene Antelope Shale.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 155

Weddle, J. R., 1966, Carneros, Phacoides, and Oceanic pools, McKittrick Front 

area of Cymric oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 52, no. 2, pt. 

2, p. 23-30. 

Pyritized megafossils occur in the upper Miocene Antelope Shale.

Wharton, J. B., 1943, Belridge oil field [California] : California Div. Mines 

Bull. 118, p. 502-504.

Peoten peckhami occurs about 170 ft above the base of the Gould Shale; 

Pecten andersoni and Turritella ocoyana occur in hard limy reefs in the 

underlying Temblor Sand.

WHITE, C. A., 1884*, Fossil Ostreidae of North America: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Fourth Ann. Kept, p. 273-430, pis. 34-82.

Eight species of Ostrea from the California Neogene are listed; four of 

these are illustrated.

White, C. A., 1889, On invertebrate fossils from the Pacific Coast: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 51,102 p.

Some of the species described by Conrad (1848, 1949) from near Astoria, 

Oreg. [Astoria Formation, Miocene] are compared with Eocene mollusks 

from California. Concludes that "Chico-Tejon" strata [Eocene] may be 

present near Astoria.

White, G. T., 1968, Scientists in conflict, the beginnings of the oil industry in 

California: Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif., 272 p.

A few of the paleontologists involved in studies pertaining to the early 

days of exploration for petroleum in California are mentioned in brief historical sketches.

White, B. C., and Buflington, E. C., 1948, Age of the Modelo(?) beds in Haskell 

and Dry canyons, northern Los Angeles County, California [abs.] : Geol. 

Soc. America Bull., v. 59, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1389.

The marine Modelo(?) Formation of the eastern part of the Ventura 

basin near Saugus contains a large invertebrate fauna assigned to the late 

Miocene on the basis of echinoids and four mollusks.

White, W. R., 1956, Pliocene and Miocene Foraminifera from the Capistrano 

Formation, Orange County, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 

237-260.

Small specimens of Hyalopecten peckhami (Gabb) occur in the lower 

part of the Capistrano Formation of late Miocene age.

Whitney, J. D., 1865, Geological Survey of California, report of progress of the 

field work from 1860 to 1864: California Geol. Survey, Geology, v. 1, 498 p. 

Mollusks identified by W. M. Gabb are recorded from many localities: 

near the eastern part of Kirker's Pass (19 spp.), the Griswold Hills (10 

spp.), Santa Ynez Pass (7 spp.), the northern margin of the Santa Lucia 

Range (4 spp.), and the Santa Monica Mountains (6 spp.) ; these probably 

are of Miocene age. There are scattered references to Neogene mollusks 

throughout the text.

WIEDEY, L. W., 1928, Notes on the Vaqueros and Temblor formations of the 

California Miocene with descriptions of a new species: San Die,go Soc. 

Nat. History Trans., v. 5, no. 10, p. 95-182, pis. 9-21.

Included is an extensive review of reports on Vaqueros and Temblor 

faunas. The upper Oligocene fauna was "predominately cool water"; the
156 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

fauna of the Vaqueros "indicates an invasion of many truly tropical 

genera." The fauna of the middle Miocene "indicates somewhat cooler conditions, more of a warm temperate type, than those of the preceding age, 

the Vaqueros" (p. 107). Thirty-two new molluscan taxa are described and 

illustrated.

WIEDEY, L. W., 1929a, New Miocene mollusks from California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 280-289, pis. 31-33. 

Seven new species of mollusks are named and illustrated.

"Wiedey, L. W., 1929b, Revision of the Turritellas of the Vaqueros and Temblor 

Miocene of California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 41, no. 1, p. 261. 

Turritella, variata has been erroneously reported from the Temblor Formation and from the Vaqueros Formation. This discovery necessitates 

naming of two new species and a new variety of Miocene Turritella.

WIEDEY, L. W., 1929c*, Some previously unpublished figures of type mollusks 

from California : Nautilus, v. 43, no. 1, p. 21-26, pis. 1-3.

Five mollusks of Miocene, and possibly late Oligocene, a,ge originally 

described by Hall and Ambrose (1916) from the San Francisco Bay area 

are figured for the first time.

Wiese, J. H., 1950, Geology and mineral resources of the Neenach quadrangle, 

California: California Div. Mines Bull. 153, 53 p.

Five mollusks collected from exposures of the Santa Margarita Formation in Oso Canyon are listed.

Wilkinson, E. R., 1959, Vallecitos oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, 

v. 45, no. 2, p. 17-53.

An Ostrea reef occurs in the basal part of Pliocene Etchegoin Formation ; a "prominent megafossil horizon occurs in the upper part of the Miocene Temblor Formation."

Wilkinson, E. R., 1963, Hollister field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 49, 

no. 1, p. 27-37.

Ostrea vespertina occurs in the upper part of the Purisima Formation; 

"numerous marine megafossils" occur in the lower part of the formation.

Wilkinson, E. R., 1967, Hollister Field [California] : Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists, Pacific Sec.-Pacific Sec. Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Guidebook, Gabilan Range and adjacent San Andreas fault, p. 

95-98. 

A further report of Ostrea from the Purisima Formation.

Wilkinson, W. D., 1959, Field guidebook [for] College Teachers conferences in 

geology sponsored by National Science Foundation: Oregon Dept. Geology 

and Mineral Industries Bull. 50, 148 p.

Includes a correlation chart for Oregon Coast Range Cenozoic sections 

by D. O. Cochran and lists of characteristic mollusks from a few Neogene 

formations: the Astoria Formation, Empire Formation, Scappoose Formation, and Nye Mudstone.

Wilkinson, W. D., Lowry, W. D., and Baldwin, E. M., 1946, Geology of the St. 

Helens quadrangle, Oregon: Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries 

Bull. 31, 39 p.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 157

The fauna of the Scappoose Formation is believed to be most similar to 

the fauna of the Sooke Formation. There are, however, some species in the 

Scappoose that have been found only in the Astoria Formation suggesting 

that the fauna may be of intermediate age. Seventeen species of mollusks 

are recorded from three localities in the Scappoose; most of these were 

previously listed by Warren and others (1945). The fossil localities are 

plotted on an index map.

Willett, G., 1946, Additional notes on the Pliocene molluscan fauna of Los 

Angeles city [California] : Southern California Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 45, pt. 

1, p. 28-32.

A list of species of Pliocene mollusks in collection at the Los Angeles 

County Museum is included.

Wilmarth, M. G., 1938, Lexicon of geologic names of the United States including Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 896, 2396 p.

Geologic names for United States, Mexico, and Canada through 1935 are 

listed. Citations include designation of type section, current age, geographic area, and original citation with extensive annotations that include 

some paleontologic data. This treatment is carried through 1960 by Keroher and others (1966).

Wilson, E. C., 1966, Type specimens of fossil invertebrates in the San Diego 

Natural History Museum: San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 14, no. 9, 

p. 97-132.

Many Miocene and Pliocene mollusks figured in reports of the San Diego 

Society of Natural History and other publications are listed.

Wilson, E. D., 1931, Marine Tertiary in Arizona: Science, v. 74, no. 1927, p. 

567-568.

Corl)lcula(l) and a cerithid are reported from southern Yuma County 

(identified by W. P. Woodring) together with a marine barnacle.

Wilson, E. J., 1954, Foraminifera from the Gaviota Formation east of Gaviota 

Creek, California: California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 30, no. 2, p. 

103-170.

Three mollusks are recorded from exposures of the Vaqueros Formation 

near Gaviota Canyon, Santa Barbara County, Calif.

Wilson, I. F., 1943, Geology of the San Benito quadrangle, California: California Jour. Mines and Geology, v. 39, no. 2, p. 183-270.

Faunas from the lower Temblor Sandstone (22 mollusks), Temblor Shale 

(1 mollusk), upper Temblor Sandstone (10 mollusks), Santa Margarita 

Formation (13 mollusks), Etchegoin (63 mollusks) are recorded. A 3,360-ft 

measured section of Etchegoin is described with brief listing of mollusks 

found in various units. Both early and middle Pliocene assemblages (of 

traditional usage) occur in the Etchegoin. The late Pliocene is believed to 

be represented by a thin interval of oyster beds near San Benito.

Wilson, I. F., 1948, Buried topography, initial structures, and sedimentation in 

Santa Rosalia area, Baja California, Mexico: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 32, no. 9, p. 1762-1807.

Lists mollusks from the lower Pliocene Boleo Formation (24 taxa), 

middle Pliocene Gloria Formation (28 taxa), and upper Pliocene Infierno

468-965 72 11
158 NE.QGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Formation (26 taxa). Most of these are pectinids; they were identified by 

H. B. Yokes. . . : . Wilson, I. F., and Rocha, V. S., 1955, Geology and mineral deposits of the 

Bbleo copper district, Baja California, Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 273,134 p. .

Four mollusks of middle Miocene age are listed from a locality in the 

Isidro Formation about 5 km west of San Ignacio. Small assemblages of 

mollusks from the lower Pliocene Boleo Formation are listed. Twenty-nine 

mollusks are listed from localities in the middle Pliocene Gloria Formation ; about 30 from the upper Pliocene Infierno Formation.. Identifications 

are by H. E. Yokes.

Wilson, R. R., 1931, Miocene shales of the Adelaida quadrangle, San Luls 

Obispo County, California: Micropaleontology Bull., v. 2, no. 5, p. 102-104. 

Miocene shales contain abundant Pecten peckhami near:the base. Dolomitic limestone containing BruclarMa barkeriana is disconformably overlain 

by rocks containing the middle Miocene foraminifer ValvuUneria caUfor~ 

nica. . . .:

Wintererer, E. L., 1956, Geology of southeastern Ventura basin, Los Angeles 

County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file rept.

A. preliminary report that includes information presented in Winterer 

and Durham (1958). ;

Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L., 1958, Geologic map of a part'of the Ventura Basin, Los Angeles County, California: U.S: Geol. Survey Oil and 

Gas Inv. Map OM-196, scale 1:24,000. ; The Towsley Formation contains abundant megafossils. [mostly mollusks] near Elsmere Canyon and north of the San Gabriel fault. Molluscan 

fossils are abundant in the Pico Formation.

Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L., 1962, Geology of southeastern Ventura 

Basin, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

334-H, p. 275-366.

Delectopecten occurs in the Miocene Modelo Formation and in shale of 

the overlying Towsley Formation. Almost 200 molluscan taxa are listed 

from localities in the Towsley and Pico Formations together with geographic and bathymetric data for those species that are still living. The 

molluscan assemblages of the Pico Formation are of mixed-aspect; deepwater species are of northern aspect whereas shallow-water species suggest somewhat warmer surface temperatures than now occur near Ventura.

Wissler, S. G., 1941, Stratigraphic formations of the producing zones of the 

Los Angeles Basin oil fields [California] : California Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

p. 209-234, pi. 5, figs. 88-91,1 table.

Hyalopecten randolphi tillamooJcensis (Arnold) is common in the middle 

Pico and Hyalopecten pedroanus (Trask) is fairly abundant in the lower 

half of Miocene Division C.

Wittich, E., 1911, Beitrage ziir Geologie der Kapregion von Nieder-Californien:

Deutsch Geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 63 B, Monatsberichte, no. 12, p. 578-587.

Ostfrea-bearing strata occur in the cape region of Baja California. A few

other mollusks including Donaa) and small gastropods occur in Tertiary

strata of this region.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 159

Wolfe, E. W., and McKee, B. H., 1968, Geology of the Grays River quadrangle, 

Wahkiakum and Pacific Counties, Washington: Washington [State] Dir. 

Mines and Geology Geol. Map GM-4, 6 p.

Miocene mollusks occur in the upper part of the Lincoln Creek Formation and in the Astoria Formation.

Woodford, A. O., 1925, The San Onofre breccia, its nature and origin: California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 15, no. 7, p. 159-280, pis. 23-35, 

11 figs. (incl. maps).

Lists four mollusks from the Vaqueros Formation, 39 from the Temblor 

Formation, three from blue-schist sandstone at Point Fermin, all of Miocene age. A few others are listed from the Pliocene Capistrano Formation.

Woodford, A. 0., 1942, Miocene preferred, in Schenck, H. G., and Childs, T. S.t 

Jr., Significance of Lepidocyclina (LepidocycUna) californica, n. sp., in the 

Vaqueros Formation (Tertiary), California: Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. 

Ser., Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 2, p. 32-34.

Lyell's European lower Miocene includes the Aquitainian and Burdigalian; the former is Miocene because of its modern aspect. Recommends 

use of Miocene age for Vaqueros because of the presence of large pectinids, 

large ostreids, and other genera which are regarded by A. M. Davies as 

characteristic of the European Miocene.

Woodford, A. O., and Bailey, T. L., 1928, Northwestern continuation of the San 

Onofre Breccia: California Univ. Pubs., Dept Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 17, no. 5, 

p. 187-191.

Mollusks from sandstone at Point Mugu and from near the head of 

Sycamore Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, indicate a "Temblor age."

WOODRING, W. P., 1926a*, American Tertiary mollusks of the genus Clemen~ 

tia: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 147-C, p. 25-47, pis. 14-17.

Miocene and Pliocene occurrences of dementia are listed; three species 

are reviewed and illustrated, a fourth, Venus brioniana Trask, may be a 

synonym of one of these, dementia s.s. may have migrated from the eastern Pacific into the Caribbean during the early Miocene via a seaway 

crossing Costa Rica.

Woodring, W. P., 1926b, Pliocene Viviparus-like opercula from California: Nautilus, v. 39, no. 4, p. 109-111.

Scalez petrolia, nonmarine gastropod opercula that occur in a nonmarine tongue in the Etchegoin Formation penetrated by wells in the southwestern part of the San Joaquin basin, most likely represent an extinct 

group of Viviparidae.

Woodring, W. P., 1928, Miocene mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica, pt. II Gastropods and discussion of results: Carnegie Inst. Washington, 564 p., 40 pis.

Turritella ocoyana from California has no predecessor in the Eastern 

Pacific; it may have been an Atlantic immigrant derived from the T. 

siibgrundifera stock.

Woodring, W. P., 1929, Distribution in tropical America of Turritellas of the 

phylum of Turritella ocoyana [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 40, p. 

256-257.

This group of Turritellas reached California as an invader by way of 

the Central America seaway from the Atlantic. They have been found 

from Peru northward to California in the eastern Pacific.
160 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Woodring, W. P., 1930a, Age of Modelo Formation of Santa Monica Mountains 

[California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 41, p. 155.

Mollusks from the base of the Modelo Formation are of late Miocene 

age and are correlative with the fauna of the Briones Formation. They 

represent a rocky substrate association and include the gastropod Haliotis.

Woodring, W. P., 1930b, Pliocene deposits north of Simi Valley, California:

California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 19, no. 6, p. 57-64. 

. Thirty-one mollusks are recorded from Pliocene localities north of Simi

Valley, California [Fernando Formation of Kew (1919)]. A small Pliocene 

i assemblage (12 spp.) is also recorded from Teinescal Canyon in the north- 

: western part of Los Angeles basin.

Woodring, W. P., 1930c, Upper Eocene orbitoid Foraminifera from the western 

Santa Ynez Range, California, and their stratigraphic significance: San 

Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 6, no. 4, p. 145-170. 

"Pecten" yneziana is compared with "P." perrini.

.Woodring, W. P., 1931a, Age of the orbitoid-bearing Eocene limestone and Turritella variata zone of the western Santa Ynez Range, California: San

; Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 6, no. 25, p. 371-388.

{ Some of the mollusks originally described by Conrad (1856) are compared with Miocene and Pliocene species from California.

Woodring, W. P., 1931b, Distribution and age of the marine Tertiary deposits 

of the Colorado desert: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 418, p. 1-25.

Mollusks are recorded from six localities in the Imperial Formation of 

the Colorado Desert, San Diego, Riverside, and Imperial Counties, Calif. 

The largest assemblages are from Painted Hill near Whitewater River (25 

mollusks). This formation is tentatively considered to be of "late lower 

Miocene age."

WOODRING, W. P., 1931c, A Miocene Haliotis from" Southern California: 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 34-39, pi. 6.

Haliotis palaea n. sp. based on material from the base of the Modelo 

Formation in the Santa Monica Mountains is described and illustrated. 

Eight Pliocene records of the genus from California are listed.

WOODRING, W. P., 1932, A Miocene mollusk of the genus Haliotis from the 

Temblor Range, California: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., no. 2938, v. 81, art. 15, 

p. 1-4, pi. 1.

Haliotis lasia is described from the Santa Margarita(?) Formation in 

the southeast edge of the Temblor Range based on 20 specimens.

Woodring, W. P., 1936a, New Miocene fauna from the California Coast Ranges 

[abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1935, p. 366.

Shallow-water mollusks of late middle Miocene age at Palos Verdes 

Hills, California, include a number of tropical genera not previously 

known from the Coast Ranges. They provide further evidence of the 

migration of Caribbean mollusks into the Pacific during the Miocene.

Woodring, W. P., 1936b, Pliocene viviparoid calcareous operculum from the 

Kettleman Hills [California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1935, p. 

413.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 161

Scales petrolia, the operculum of a fresh-water gastropod occurs in two 

zones in Pliocene strata in the southern part of the San Joaquin basin. 

The upper zone occurs between probable equivalents of the Pecten coalingensis zone and the Aequipecten eldridgei zone; the lower zone occurs 

between the A. eldridgei zone and the upper Pseudocardium zone.

WOODBING, W. P., 1938, Lower Pliocene mollusks and echinoids from the 

Los Angeles Basin, California, and their inferred environment: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 190, 67 p., 9 pis.

Lists and figures 26 molluscan taxa from outcrops and well cores of the 

Repetto Formation. The fossils represent depths of 2,000-4,000 ft in the 

deep-water facies of the Repetto. Thirty species occur in a transition zone 

between the Repetto and Pico Formations; these are considered to be of 

intermediate and shallow-water facies. Five new species or varieties and a 

new genus, Phreagena, are described. The systematic section includes 

extensive discussions of Lyropccten, Delectopecten, and Ostrea vespertina 

Conrad.

WOODRING, W. P., 1942*, Marine Miocene mollusks from Cajon Pass, California : Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 78-83, pis. 13, 14.

Turritella inezana and Crassatella granti occur in lower Miocene rocks 

northeast of the San Andreas fault near Cajon Pass, San Bernardino 

County, Calif.

Woodring, W. P., 1952, Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in California Coast 

Ranges: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 250, no. 6, p. 401-410.

There is a marked faunal discontinuity at the Pliocene-Pleistocene 

boundary. Important molluscan taxa that become extinct by the end of the 

Pliocene are Anadara s.s., Lyropecten s.s., Opalia varicostata, "Nassa" 

moraniana, Strioterebrum martini, Mytilus coalingensis, Patinopecten 

Jiealyi, Patinopecten dilleri, Ostrea erici, Clinocardium meelcianum, andl 

Platyodon colobus. Lists a few species of mollusks that other workers 

have cited as criteria for a stratigraphically higher Pliocene-Pleistocene 

boundary. Includes a brief review of Pleistocene paleoclimatic inferences 

and correlation with European type Pleistocene. Correlation chart of late 

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations and a list of various extinct Pliocene 

and Pleistocene mollusks from California formations.

WOODRING, W. P., 1956*, Agasoma sinuatum from the Miocene of Cuyama 

Valley, California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 712-713, text figs. 

1-5.

Agasoma sinuatum occurs in a late Miocene fauna with species of Astrodapsis that have been correlated with the upper Miocene Neroly Formation of the San Francisco Bay area. The stratigraphic range of this species may include all of the stratigraphic interval regarded as upper 

Miocene in California. The only other known occurrence of this species, 

and genus, is in the Briones Formation of the San Francisco Bay area. 

Two specimens are figured.

Woodring, W. P., 1957a, Cenozoic mollusks of California, in Ladd, H. S., ed., 

Paleoecology: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 67, p. 891-892.

A brief listing of some of the more important references to Tertiary and 

Quaternary mollusks of California.
162 NEOCENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

WOODRING, W. P., 1957b, Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and 

adjoining parts of Panama, geology and descriptions of Tertiary mollusks 

(Gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae) : U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

306-A, p. 1-145, pis. 1-23.

California Miocene records of Trochita costellata Conrad, "Calyptraea" 

diabloensls Clark, and "C." martini Clark are probably of T. trocMformis 

(Born), a late Oligocene to Holocene species. There is a brief discussion of 

Turritella, ocoyana, and T. inezana from the California Miocene.

.WOODRING, W. P., 1959, Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama, description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Vermetidae to Thaididae) : U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 306-B, p. 147-239, 

pis. 24-37.

Includes a reference to Trophosycon kernianum from California middle 

Miocene.

WOODRING, W. P., 1964, Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama, description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Columbellidae to Volutidae) : [U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 306-C, p. 

241-297, pis. 39-47.

A useful systematic report on tropical Neogene molluscan faunas of 

Panama with extended discussions of certain lineages that have persisted 

into the Holocene fauna of the tropical western Pacific.

Woodring, W. P., 1965, Endemism in middle Miocene Caribbean molluscan 

faunas: Science, v. 148, p. 961-963.

The middle Miocene Caribbean province includes faunas of the modern 

Caribbean and from the west coast of the Americas as far north as about 

lat 10° N. Much of the endemism suggested by analysis of several local 

faunas is more apparent than real.

Woodring, W. P., 1966, The Panama land bridge as a sea barrier: Am. Philos. 

Soc. Proc., v. 110, no. 6, p. 425-433.

Paciphile molluscan genera (genera that once lived in the western 

Atlantic but are now extinct there and are still living in the eastern 

Pacific) are enumerated. Forty-three paciphile genera and subgenera are 

listed; their stratigraphic ranges in the western Atlantic and in the eastern Pacific are recorded. The generalized distribution of Miocene and Pliocene marine strata along the Pacific coast of Central America is indicated on an index map.

WOODRING, W. P., and BRAMLETTB, M. N., 1950, Geology and paleontology 

of the Santa Maria district, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 222, 

185 p., 23 pis. [1951].

The definitive stratigraphic and paleontologic study of the Santa Maria 

basin including figures, brief descriptions, and stratigraphic lists of the 

large Pliocene molluscan fauna. Four new species or varieties of mollusks 

are named. Four mollusks are listed from conglomerate in the middle Miocene Monterey Shale. Pliocene rocks are divided into basin facies and marginal facies. There are sections on paleoecology and faunal correlation.

.WOODRING, W. P., BRAMLETTE, M. N., and KEW, W. S. W., 1946*, Geology and paleontology of the Palos Verdes Hills, California: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 207, 145 p., 37 pis.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 163

Mollusks of middle Miocene age occur in the Altamira Shale Member of 

the Monterey Shale; 19 of these are illustrated. Many of the genera are 

tropical migrants recorded for the first time from the California Coast 

Ranges. The fauna is correlated with the Temblor ["Stage"] of California. 

A few mollusks occur in the upper part of the Altamira. Lima hamlini 

occurs in the Repetto Siltstone. There is a comprehensive annotated bibliography of previous geological reports on this area.

Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1935, Miocene stratigraphy and paleontology of the Palos Verdes Hills [California] [abs.] : Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 19, no. 12, p. 1842.

A molluscan assemblage from the late middle Miocene on the north side 

of Palos Verdes Hills includes many warm-water genera not previously 

recorded from California.

Woodring. W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1936, Miocene stratigraphy and paleontology of Palos Verdes Hills, California: Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, no. 2, p. 125-149.

List 52 mollusks from the middle part of the Altamira Shale (loc. 13 in 

George F Canyon, 40 ft above the top of the schist). Many species previously unrecorded from California are of tropical aspect being allied to 

species living in the Gulf of California and Mazatlanic region. The middle 

Miocene assemblage indicates shallow water conditions close to the littoral 

zone. Deleotopecten pedroanus is the only mollusk known from the upper 

Miocene Valmonte Diatomite.

Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Lohman, K. E., 1945, Stratigraphy and 

paleontology of Santa Maria district, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., v. 27, no. 10, p. 1335-1360.

A few mollusks occur in a breccia-conglomerate in exposures of the 

Monterey Shale near Point Sal. Many mollusks of Pliocene age are listed 

in the text; these are from the Sisquoc Formation, the Foxen Mudstone. 

and the Careaga Sandstone.

Woodring, W. P., and Kew, W. S. W., 1932, Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits 

of the San Pedro Hills, California [abs.] : Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 

22, no. 2, p. 39-40.

Temblor mollusks occur in middle Miocene strata in the San Pedro 

Hills.

Woodring, W. P., Roundy, P. V., and Farnsworth, H. R., 1932, Geology and oil 

resources of the Elk Hills, California, including Naval Petroleum Reserve 

No. 1: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 835, 82 p.

Three molluscan genera are reported from cores of the Pliocene Etchegoin Formation. The "Mulinia" zone is recognized in cores of the Etchegoin Formation.

WOODRING, W. P., STEWART, RALPH, and RICHARDS, R. W., 1940, Geology of the Kettleman Hills oil field, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 195, 170 p., pis. [1941].

The classic biostratigraphic report on Neogene rocks of the CoalingaKettleman Hills area of the San Joaquin basin. Nine Pliocene faunal zones 

based on shallow-water marine mollusks are defined and are used in 

making a detailed biostratigraphic-geologic map of the North Dome of
164 NBOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

Kettleman Hills. Somewhat fewer zones are recognizable in the Middle 

and South Dome areas. The faunas of each zone are listed; in the San 

Joaquin Formation the faunas of strata between the named zones are also 

listed. Nearly all of the Pliocene mollusks are illustrated and are discussed in a section including taxonomic notes. Eight new mollusks are 

described. A comprehensive discussion of Pliocene correlation in California 

is included, as is an annotated bibliography of reports on the Kettleman 

Hills-Coalinga area. There are several measured sections of the Temblor 

Formation along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley including niollusk occurrences. Middle Miocene mollusks from localities on Reef Ridge 

and Coalinga Anticline are listed. Molluscan paleontology is by Woodrinff 

and by Stewart.

Woodward, W. T., 1945, Southeastern part of Midway-Sunset oil field, Kern 

County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Map 30, 

scale 1:24,000 [1947].

A few mollusks from the Pliocene San Joaquin and Etchegoin Formations are listed. Five zones bearing the names of Pliocene marine molluska 

are indicated on an electric log correlation section.

Wright, L. A., 1948, Age of the basal Modelo(?) Formation in Reynier Canyon 

[California] [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 59, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1390.

The basal sandstone of the Modelo? Formation in the southeastern part 

of the Ventura basin contains many late Miocene species, six of which are 

listed. Eleven species are listed from the Elsmere Canyon fauna [Pliocene]. About half of the species in the late Miocene fauna also occur in 

the Pliocene fauna.

Yates, L. G., 1890, Stray notes on the geology of the Channel Islands [California] : California Mining Bur. Ninth Ann. Rept. State Mineralogist, p. 

171-178.

Seven molluscan taxa of Miocene age are recorded from Santa Rosa 

Island.

Yeats, R. S., 1965, Pliocene seaknoll at South Mountain, Ventura Basin, California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 49, no. 5, p. 526-546.

Thyasira disjuncta occurs in the basal glauconitic sandstone of the PicoFormation.

Yeats, R. S., McLaughlin, W. A., and Edwards, George, 1966, Potassium-argon 

mineral age of an ash bed in the Pico Formation, Ventura basin, California [abs.] : Geol. Soc. America, Program 1966 Cordilleran Section Meeting, 

p. 79-80.

A potassium-argon age of 8.7 m.y. is reported for thin volcanic ash bed 

in Pliocene Pico Formation. Warm-water mollusks are associated with the 

ash layer; 200-1,750 ft higher in the section the molluscan assemblagesresemble those living in the Pacific Northwest.

Yeats, R. S., McLaughlin, W. A., and Edwards, George, 1967, K-Ar mineral agfr 

of ash bed in Pico Formation, Ventura basin, California [abs.] : Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 51, no. 3, pt. 1, p. 486.

The base of a cold-water molluscan faunal zone occurs just below an 

ash bed at South Mountain, Ventura County, that has K-Ar dates of 

8.4±1.3 to 10.2±2.1 m.y. A warm-water molluscan faunal zone occurs
BIBLIOGRAPHY 165

directly below the cold-water zone. The cooling evidenced by molluscan 

fossils is attributed to shifting .oceanic current patterns superimposed upon 

a general late Tertiary cooling trend.

Teats, R. S., Meade, R. F., Gouty, J. J., and Ingle, J. C., 1967, Field Trip-Pliocene seaknoll, South Mountain, Ventura County, California: Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Ann. Mtg., Field Trip No. 2, 12 p., illus., appendix.

Mollusks from upper part of Fernando Formation represent depths of 

15-50 fathoms but are displaced into deeper water deposits; they are of 

similar composition to modern fauna of this latitude. Early Pleistocene 

mollusks of the overlying Santa Barbara zone are of cooler water aspect, 

similar to the Puget Sound area or to the southwest part of Canada. Stratigraphically higher assemblages that may be early Pleistocene are again 

similar to modern fauna of this latitude. Includes a radiometric determination on an ash bed of Pliocene age (8.7 m.y.).

Terkes, R. F., 1960, Geologic map of the Whittier and La Habra quadrangles, 

western Puente Hills, Los Angeles basin, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

open-file rept. 

Marine mollusks of Pliocene age occur in the Fernando Formation.

Terkes, R. F., Campbell, R. H., Schoellhamer, J. E., and Wentworth, C. M., 

1964, Preliminary geologic map and sections of southwestern part of the 

Topanga quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 

open-file map.

Turritella inesana santana. occurs in the Vaqueros Formation. Middle 

Miocene mollusks including Vertipecten cf. V. nevadanus occur in the 

lower part of the Topanga Formation. Melongena occurs in their Unit D.

Terkes, R. F., McCulloh, T. H., Schoellhamer, J. E., and Vedder, J. G., 1965, 

Geology of the Los Angeles basin, California an introduction: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 420-A, 57 p.

Brief mention is made of mollusk evidence of age of some divisions of 

the Miocene and Pliocene. Mollusks have been used to divide lower Pliocene rocks into three bathymetric facies varying from shoreline to 4,000- 

ft depths. An annotated bibliography includes reference to some paleontological reports dealing with the Los Angeles basin.

Toungquist, Walter, 1961, Annotated lexicon of names applied to Tertiary 

stratigraphic units in Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade Mountains, with bibliography: Eugene, Oreg., Oregon Univ. Bookstore, 92 p.

A very useful source for stratigraphic data which includes correlation 

charts of western Oregon and western Washington Tertiary formations. 

The age, type section, original description, and geographic distribution of 

Tertiary formations are listed. A few molluscan genera and species are 

listed for some of the Neogene formations.

Zimmerman, John Jr., 1944, Tumey Sandstone (Tertiary), Fresno County, California : Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull, v. 28, no. 7, p. 953-976.

Sixteen Miocene mollusks are recorded from exposures of the Temblor 

Formation on Monocline Ridge, Fresno County, Calif.

Zulberti, J. L.( 1956, McKittrick oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 

42, no. 1, p. 49-59.

Pccten eldridyei occurs in the basal part of San Joaquin Clay; also Mya 

occurs in thin sand bed in this formation. The Etchegoin Formation
166 NEOGENE MARINE MOLLUSKS

(0-800 ft thick in wells) is "very fossiliferous." Pecten estrellanus occurs 

in the Olig Formation (upper Miocene).

Zulberti, J. L., 1957, Republic sands of Midway-Sunset field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 43, no. 2, p. 21-33. 

Pecten peckhami occurs in the upper Miocene Antelope Shale.

Zulberti, J. L., 1958, Santiago area of Midway-Sunset oil field [California] : 

California Oil Fields, v. 44, no. 1, p. 65-73.

Nassarius and Bittium are reported from cores of Etchegoin Formation 

(0-400 ft thick) in the Santiago pool.

Zulberti, J. L., 1959, Thirty-Five anticline of Midway-Sunset oil field [California] : California Oil Fields, v. 45, no. 1, p. 37-43.

The contact between the San Joaquin Clay and the underlying Etchegoin 

Formation is determined by the first occurrence of Hulinia densata 

Conrad.

Zulberti, J. L., 1961, Lakeview pool of Midway-Sunset oil field [California] : 

California Oil Fields, v. 47, no. 1, p. 29-38.

Pecten oweni [Patinopecten lohri~\ and "other fossil fragments" occur in 

the Calitroleum sand, a productive oil sand (0-30 ft thick) hear the base 

of the Etchegoin Formation.

Zullo, V. A., 1961, "Pliocene" of northern California and southern Oregon 

[abs.] : California Univ., Los Angeles, Dept. Geology, Graduate Symposium : current research in the geological sciences, p. 8.

An assemblage of about 100 species from Moonstone Beach near Arcata, 

Calif., includes mollusks that suggest correlation with the upper part of 

the Etchegoin Formation. A younger fauna of about 80 species near Cape 

Blanco; Oreg., includes the extinct pelecypod Clinocardium meekianum suggesting a late Pliocene age and correlation with the lower part of the San 

Joaquin Formation.
INDEX

Absolute age, dates 

Alaska 

Pribilof Islands, Beringian Transgression: Cox

A. V., and others, 1966 

California

Los Angeles basin, Pliocene-Pleistocene bound 

ary, potassium-argon method: Obradovich 

J. D., 1968

Santa Maria basin, Obispo Formation, potas 

sium-argon method: Hall, C. A., Jr., anc 

others, 1966

Yen tura basin, Pico Formation, potassium-argon

method: Yeats, R. S., and others, 1966, 1967

Alaska

Absolute age, dates 

Pribilof Islands, Beringian Transgression: Cox,

A. V., and others, 1966

Biostratigraphy

Bering Sea, Pliocene and Pleistocene, timestratigraphic units: Hopkins, D. M., 1965,

1967b

Gulf of Alaska 

Lituyapecten, stratigraphic occurrences: Miller,

D. J., 1961

Yakataga district, Poul Creek and Yakataga 

Formations: MacNeil, F. S., 1957; Miller, 

D. J., 1951,1957 

Correlation 

Alaska Peninsula, Unga Formation: Atwood,

W. W., 1911 

Aleutian Islands, Arctic Coast, Gulf of Alaska,

late Cenozoic: Hopkins, D. M., 1967b 

Bering Sea, American and Russian coasts, late 

Cenozoic: Hopkins, D. M., and others, 1966 

Tertiary formations, chart, anotations: MacNeil

F. S., and others, 1961 

Fauna! lists 

Alaska Peninsula 

"Astoria group": Dall, W. H., and Harris,

G. D., 1892

Late Tertiary: Burk, C. A., 1965 

Miocene: Isbister, A. K., 1855 

Unga and Popof Islands: Dall, W. H., 1904 

Aleutian Islands, Kanaga and Tanaga Islands:

Fraser, G. D., and Barnett, H. F., 1959 

Arctic coast 

Carter Creek: Dall, W. H., 1920; Lefflngwell,

E. de K., 1919 

Colville River area: Dall, W. H., 1920; Schrader

F. C., 1904 

Bering Sea 

Bristol Bay, Nushagak Formation: Mertie,

J. B., Jr., 1938 

Kivalina: Hopkins, D. M., and MacNeil, F. S.,

1960

Nome, "Submarine Beach": Hopkins, D. M., 

and others, 1960

Alaska Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

Bering Sea Continued 

Nome, burled beaches: MacNeil, F; S:, and

others, 1943

Pribilof Islands: Earth, T. F. W., 1956; Cox, 

A. V., and others, 1966; Dall, W. H., 1899, 

1919; Stanley-Brown, J., 1892 

Gulf of Alaska 

Katalla district, Kayak Island-Controller Bay:

Martin, G. C., 1905,1908 

Kodlak Island: Capps, S. R. 1937 

Lituya district, Ctenopah Island: Mertie, J. B.,

Jr., 1931

Middleton Island: Miller, D. J., 1953 

Yakataga district: MacNeil, F. S., /1957;

Maddern, A. G., 1914; Spurr, J. E., 1900 

Faunal records 

Aleutian Islands

Adak Island: Coats, R. R., 1947a, 1947b, 1956 

Amchitka Island: Coats, R. R., 1947b 

Unalaska Island: Drewes, H., and others 1961 

Alaska Peninsula 

Cape Senlavln, Mytilus middendorft: Gratacap,

L. P., 1912

Miocene: Eichwald, E. von, 1871 

Bering Sea

Continental shelf, Zemchug and Pribilof 

Canyons: Hopkins, D. M., and others, 1969 

Kivalina area: McCulloch, D. S., 1967 

Nome, Brooks, A. H., 1921 

Pribilof Islands: Dawson, G. M., 1894; Elllott,

H. S., 1875; Hanna, G. D., 1919 

Gulf of Alaska 

Katalla district, Katalla Formation: Martin,

G. C., 1921; Miller, D. J., 1951 

Lituya district: La Pfirouse, J. F. de G., 1977 . Malaspina district, Yakataga Formation:

Plafker, G., and Miller, D. J., 1957 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Brooks, A. ,

H., 1906; Dall, W. H., 1882; Plafker, G., 1967 

Mount St. Ellas area: Russell, I. C., 1891,1893 

Yakataga district, Miocene formations: Tallaferro, N. L., 1932,1933 

Kodlak, Sitkinak, and Tugidak'lslands: Moore,

G. W., 1969 

Monographs of genera

Pecten s.l.: MacNeil, F. S., 1967 

Paleoclimatology 

Bering Sea, Nome area: Dall, 1907b; Hopkins,

D. M., and others, 1960 

Gulf of Alaska

Miocene glaciation, effect on marine Invertebrates: Miller, D. J., and others, 1959 

Oligoeene and Miocene, foraminifer-mollusk

data: Bandy, 0. L., and others, 1969 

Tertiary: Miller, D. J., 1961

167
168

Alaska Continued

Paleoclimatology Continued

Gulf of Alaska Continued

Yakataga Formation, cool-water indicators:

Denton, G. H., and Armstrong, R. L., 1969

Systematic descriptions

Alaska Peninsula

Epitonium atwoodi: Dall, W. H., 1908 

Miocene: Grewingk, C., 1850 

Aleutian Islands, Atka Island: Erman, A.,

1843

Arctic coast 

Carter Creek, Nuwok Formation: MacNeil,

F. S., 1957 

iNuwok Formation, Thyasira alaskana: Kauffman, E. G., 1969

Pliocene and Pleistocene: Dall, W. H., 1920 

Bering Sea, Nome area: Dall, W. H., 1907b, 1920,

1921b; MacNeil, F. S., and others, 1943 

Gulf of Alaska 

Aturia angustata alaskensis: Schenck, H. G.,

1931 

Poul Creek and Yakataga Formations: Clark,

B. L., 1932

Pectinids: MacNeil, F. S., 1967 

Zoogeography

Arctic coast, Nuwok Formation, Atlantic affinities: MacNeil, F. S., 1957 

Bering Sea

Faunal migration: Durham, J. W., 1963; 

Durham, J. W., and MacNeil, F. S., 1965, 

1967; Hopkins, D. M., 1967a; Cohen, G., 1968 

Faunal migration, Macoma: Coan, E. V., 1968 

Amphineura 

Taxonomy 

Pacific coast, Miocene and Pliocene species:

Berry, S. S., 1922 

Analysis 

Paleoecology

Pacific coast, living mollusks, bathymetric 

ranges: Burch, J. Q., ed., 1944-46; Keen, A. M., 

1963

Zoogeography

Pacific coast, living mollusks, geographic ranges: 

Burch, J. Q., ed., 1944-46; Dall, W. H., 1921a; 

Keen, A. M., 1937 

Arctic Ocean 

Zoogeography 

Faunal migration, Miocene, Pacific-Atlantic:

Soot-Eyen, T., 1932

Faunal migration, Pliocene: Dall, W. H., 1921a 

Nuwok Formation, Atlantic affinities: MacNeil,

F. S., 1957 

Arizona 

Faunal records

Colorado River area: Smith, P. B., 1968b 

'Lower Gila region: Ross, C. P., 1923 

Yuma County 

Pliocene, Bouse Formation, BiUium:

Blanchard, R. C., 1913

Southern, brackish-water taxa: Wilson, E. D., j 

1931

Bibliography 

California 

Cenozoic mollusks, selected references: Woodring,

W. P., 1957a 

Coastal, marine geology and oceanography:

Terry, R. D., 1955 

Geological reports 

Annotations, new fossil names: Vogdes, A. W.,

1896, 1904

Prior to 1931: Shedd, S., 1932 

1931-36: Shedd, S., 1938 

Prior to 1942: Egenhoff, E. L., 1943 

Geological theses

Prior to 1962: Jennings, C. W., 1963 

1962-65: Kobal, A. L., Jr., 1967 

1966 and 1967: Sackett, J., and Rogers, T. H.,.

1969

Los Angeles basin 

Geological reports, annotations: Yerkes, R. F.,

and others, 1965

Palos Verdes Hills, geological reports, annotations: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1946 

San Joaquin basin

Coalinga-Kettleman Hills area, geological 

reports, annotations: Woodring, W. P., and 

others, 1940 

Geologic reports: Maher, J. C., and Trollman,

W. M., 1968 

Tertiary mollusks, selected references: Schenck,

H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1940b 

Conrad, T. A.

Paleontologic reports: Moore, E. J., 1962 

Mexico

Baja California, geographical and scientific reports, 1535-1964: Barrett, E. C., 1967 

Oregon

Astoria Formation, paleontologic reports, annotations: Moore, E. J., 1963 

Geological reports 

Annotations: Henderson, C. W., and Winstanley, J. B., 1912

1936-45: Alien, J. E., and others, 1947 

1946-50: Steere, M. L., 1953 

1951-55: Steere, M. L., and Owen, L. F., 1962 

Prior to July, 1936, annotations: Treasher,

R. C., and Hodge, E. T., 1936 

Geological theses, prior to 1959, index map:

Schlicker, H. G., 1959

Geologic theses, 1959-65: Roberts, M., 1966 

Pacific coast 

Dall, William Healy: Bartsch, P., and others,

1946

Holocene mollusks 

1908-36: Keen, A. M., 1937 

1937-56: Keen, A. M., [n.d.] 

Marine mollusks, post-Eocene, 1865-1908: Dall,

W. H., 1909c 

Oregon and Washington, paleontologic reports:

Weaver, C. E., 1942 

Paleontologic studies, current research: Merriam, J. C., 1921; Stock, C., 1946 

Washington 

Geological reports 

1814-1936: Bennett, W. A. G., 1939 

1937-56: Reichert, W. H., 1960
INDEX 169

Bibliography Continued 

Washington Continued 

Geological reports Continued

Through 1001: Arnold, R., 1902 

Western, geological reports, annotations:

Weaver, C. E., 1961c 

Biography 

California 

Early invertebrate paleontologists: Andersoi

F. M., 1932 

Early paleontologists, historical sketches: Whit

G. T., 1968

Conrad, T. A.: Moore, E. J., 1962 

Dall, William Healy: Bartsch, P., and others, 194 

Gabb, W. H., Dall, W. H. ( 1909a 

Biostratigraphy 

Alaska

Bering Sea, Pliocene and Pleistocene, tim 

stratigraphic units: Hopkins, D. M., 196 

1967b

Gulf of Alaska 

Lituyapeden, stratigraphic occurrences: Miller

D. J., 1961

Yakataga district, Poul Creek and Yakatag

Formations: MacNeil, F. S., 1957; Miller

D. J., 1951,1957

California

Carrizo-Cuyama basin

Caliente Range, characteristic mollusks

Repenning, C. A., and Vedder, J. G., 196

Miocene formations: Eaton, J. E., 1939b

Eaton, J. E., and others, 1941 

Miocene "stages," characteristic species

Eaton, J. E., 1943 

Channel Islands, Turritella zones, Miocene

Hertlein, L. G., 1928b 

Coast Ranges

Miocene faunal zones: Merriam, J. C., 1904 

Miocene and Pliocene formations, characteris

tic species: Clark, B. L., 1929 

Vaqueros Formation, faunal zones: Loel, W.,

andCorey, W. H.,1932

Eel River basin, Wildcat Group: Faustman, W. 

F., 1964; Ogle, B. A., 1953, 1961a; Stewart, R. 

E., and Stewart, K. C., 1949 

Foraminiferal stages, Miocene, relationship to 

molluscan sequence: Kleinpell, R. M., 1934, 

1938

Los Angeles basin

Fernando Formation: Arnold, R., 1907e 

Niguel Formation: Vedder, J. G., 1960 

Santa Ana Mountains, Turritella zones: Moore,

B. N., 1930 

Topanga Formation, type area: Arnold, R.,

1907e; Susuki, T., 1952 

Miocene, stratigraphic range chart: Smith, J, P.,

1912

Mount Diablo embayment 

Monterey "Series," Scutella breweriana zone:

Clark, B. L., 1914b 

San Pablo Group: Buwalda, J. P., 1913; Clark,

B. L., 1914a, 1915a, 1915b 

San Ramon Sandstone: Clark, B. L., 1918 

Northern, Point Arena area, Skooner Gulch 

Formation: Addicott, W. 0., 1967c

Biostratigraphy Continued 

California Continued 

Pliocene basins: Grant, U.S., 4th, and Gale

H. R., 1931 

Salinas basin 

King City Formation, mollusk-echlnoid faunal

zone: Clark, B. L., 1940 

Miocene-Pliocene boundary: Durham, D. L.,

and Addicott, W. 0., 1964,1965 

Pancho Rico Formation: Durham, D. L.,

and Addicott, W. 0., 1965 

Vaqueros Formation, Peden sanctaecruzensig;

Edwards, K. L., 1940 

Vaqueros Formation, type locality: Thorup,

R. R., 1943 

San Diego embayment, San Diego Formation:

Hertlein, L. G., 1929a 

San Joaquin basin

Coallnga area, faunal lists, assemblage zones: 

Adegoke, 0. S., 1966, 1969; Arnold, R., 

190D; Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., 1909, 

1910

Diablo Range, Temblor Range: Andorson, 

F. M., 1905 Etchegoln Formation, faunal 

zones: Nomland, J. 0., 1917b JacalitosFormation, echinoid-mollusk relationships: 

Durham, J. W., and Wolfe, J. A., 1958 

Jacalitos Formation, faunal zones: Nomland, 

J. 0., 1916b Kern River area, Miocene faunal 

zones: Anderson, F. M., 1911 

Kern River area, Miocene range chart: Addicott, W. O., 1965b 

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene faunal zones:

Woodrlng, W. P., and others, 1940 

Pliocene, faunal zones: Gester, G. C., andl

Galloway, J., 1933 

Reef Ridge, faunal zones: Adegoke, 0. S.,

1956,1969; Stewart, R. B., 1946 

San Joaquin Clay, faunal zones: Barbat, W. F.,

and Galloway, J., 1934 

Temblor Range, Vaqueros Formation: Clark,

L. M., and Clark, A., 1935 

West side, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Anderson, F. M., 1908 

San Luls Obispo County, Miocene Formations!

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962b, 1966 

Santa Cruz Mountains

Merced? Formation: Addicott, W. O., 1969a

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Arnold, R.,

1908b; Cummings, J. C., and others, 1962

Vaqueros Formation, Peden sanctaecruzensiy

teilzone:Burchnel, B. C., 1964 

Southern, faunal zones, Pliocene: Carson, C. M.,

1925a

Transverse Ranges 

Oligocene-Miocene, boundary problems: Kleinr

pell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1961 

Santa Ynez Mountains, Refugian Stage, 

stratigraphic limits: Weaver, D. W., and 

Frantz, J. D., 1967 

Turritella biozones and foraminiferal stages

Blacut, G., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1969 

Ventura basin

Fernando Formation, faunal zones: Eatonip 

J. E., 1928; Pressler, E. D., 1929
170 INDEX

Biostratigraphy Continued 

California Continued 

Ventura basin Continued

Saugus Formation: Eaton, J. E., 1928 

Mexico

Baja California 

Neogene faunas, general account: Anonymous

1924 

Northwestern, post-Miocene: AUison, E. C.,

1965 

Gulf of California, penlsular coast, Islands:

Anderson, C. A., 1950 

Oregon

Cape Blanco, Empire Formation, Mytilus

middendorffi fauna: Durham, J. W., 1953

Coast Ranges, stratigraphic data, correlation

chart: Schenck, H. G., 1928 

Coos Bay embayment, Empire Formation:

Alien, J. E., and Baldwin, E. M., 1944 

Southwestern, Elk River Beds: Addicott, W. O., 

1964; Baldwin, E. M., 1945; Bandy, O. L., 1952 

Pacific Coast

Acila biozones: Schenck, H. G., 1936 

Oligocene and Miocene, faunal zones: Clark,

B. L., and Arnold, R., 1918b 

Southwest Oregon, northwest California:

Allison, E. C., and others, 1962 

Zemorrian Stage, molluscan indices: Schenck,

H. G., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1936 

Washington 

Puget Trough 

Clallam Formation: Arnold, R., 1905, 1906a;

Gower, H. D., 1960

Oligocene and Miocene faunal zones: Durham, 

: J.W.,1944

Twin River Formation, upper member:

Gower, H. D., 1960

Western, post-Ecoene faunal zones: Weaver, C. E. 

' 1916a,1916b 

British Columbia 

Catalog 

Holocene mollusks, Tertiary ranges, Pacific

coast: LaRocque, A., 1953 

Correlation 

Vancouver Island

Sooke Formation: Clapp, C.H., 1912 

West coast, Hesquiat-Nootka area, Miocene:

Jeletzky, J. A., 1954 

Faunal lists

Queen Charlotte Islands, Skonun Formation: 

Brown, A. S., 1968; Dawson, G. M., 1880; 

MacKenzie, J. D., 1916 

' Vancouver Island

Sooke Formation: Arnold, R., and Hannibal, 

H., 1913; Clapp, C. H., 1917; Cornwall, I. E., 

1922; Merriam, J. C., 1899 

West coast, Hesquiat-Nootka area: Jeletzky,

J. A., 1954 

Faunal records 

Queen Charlotte Islands, Skonun Formation:

Martin, H. A., and Rouse, G. E., 1966 

Vancouver Island 

Sooke area, Carmanah Point: Merriam, J. C.,

1896

Southwestern: Richardson, J., 1878; Webster, 

A., 1906

British Columbia Continued 

Faunal records Continued 

Vancouver Island Continued

West coast, Tatchu Point: Jeletzky, J. A., 1950 

Paleoclimatology 

Southwestern, early Miocene: Durham, J. W.,

1942a

Paleoecology

Vancouver Island, Sooke Formation, brackishwater indicators: Cornwall, I. E., 1927 

Systematic descriptions

Vancouver Island, Sooke Formation: Berry, S. 

S., 1922; Clark, B. L., 1922; Clark, B. L., and 

Arnold, R., 1923; Merriam, J. C., 1897,1899 

California 

Absolute age, dates

Los Angeles basin, Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, potassium-argon method: Obradovich, J. 

D., 1968

Santa Maria basin, Obispo Formation, potassium-argon method: Hall, C. A., Jr., and others, 

1966 

Ventura basin, Pico Formation, potassium-argon

method: Yeats, R. S., and others, 1966,1967 

Bibliography 

Cenozoic mollusks, selected references: Woodring,

W. P., 1957a 

Coastal, marine geology and oceanography:

Terry, R. D., 1955 

Geological reports 

Annotations, new fossil names: Vogdes, A. W.,

1896,1904

Prior to 1931: Shedd, S., 1932 

1931-36: Shedd, S., 1938 

Prior to 1942: Egenhofl, E. L., 1943 

Geological theses

Prior to 1962: Jennings, C. W., 1963 

1962-65: Kobal, A. L., Jr., 1967 

1966 and 1967: Sackett, J., and Rogers, T. H.,

1969

Los Angeles basin 

Geological reports, annotations: Yerkes, R. F.,

and others, 1965

Palos Vcrdes Hills, geological reports, annotations: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1946 

San Joaquin basin

Coalinga-Kettleman Hills area, geological 

reports, annotations: Woodring, W. P., and 

others, 1940 

Geologic reports: Maher, J. C., and Trollman,

W. M., 1968 

Tertiary mollusks, selected references: Schenck,

H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1940b . 

Biography 

Early invertebrate paleontologists: Anderson,

F. M., 1932 

Early paleontologists, historical sketches: White,

G. T., 1968 

Biostratigraphy 

Carrizo-Cuyama basin

Caliente Range, characteristic mollusks:

Repenning, C. A., and Vedder, J. G., 1961

Miocene formations: Eaton, J. E., 1939b;

Eaton, J. E., and others, 1941 

Miocene "stages," characteristic species: 

Eaton, J. E., 1943
INDEX 171

California Continued 

Biostratigraphy Continued 

Channel Islands, Turrttella zones, Miocene:

Hertlein, L. G., 1928b 

Coast Ranges

Miocene faunal zones: Merriam, J. C., 1904 

Miocene and Pliocene formations, characteristic species: Clark, B. L., 1929 

Vaqueros Formation, faunal zones: Loel, W.,

and Corey, W. H., 1932

Eel River basin, Wildcat Group: Faustman, 

W. F., 1964; Ogle, B. A., 1953,1961a; Stewart, 

R. E., and Stewart, K. C., 1949 

Foraminiferal stages, Miocene, relationship to 

molluscan sequence: Klempell, R. M., 1934, 

1938

Los Angeles basin

Fernando Formation: Arnold, R., 1907e 

Niguol Formation: Vedder, J. G., 1960 

Santa Ana Mountains, Turrttella .zones:

Moore, B. N., 1930 

Topanga Formation, type area: Arnold, R.,

1907e; Susuki, T., 1952

Miocene, stratigraphic range chart: Smith, J. P., 

. 1912

Mount Diablo embayment 

Monterey "Series," Scutella breweriana zone:

Clark, B. L., 1914b 

San Pablo Group: Buwalda, J. P., 1913;

Clark, B. L., 1914a, 1915a, 1915b . 

San Ramon Sandstone: Clark, v B. L., 1918 

Northern, Point Arena area, Skooner Gulch

Formation: Addicott, W. 0., 1967c 

Pliocene basins: Grant, U. S., 4th, and Gale,

H. R., 1931 

Salinas basin 

King City Formation, mollusk-echinoid faunal

zone: Clark, B. L., 1940 

Miocene-Pliocene boundary: Durham, D. L.,

and Addicott, W. .0., 1964,1965 

Pancho Rico Formation: Durham, D. L., and

Addicott, W. 0., 1965 

Vaqueros Formation, Pecten sanctaecruzemis:

Edwards, K. L., 1940 

Vaqueros Formation, type locality: Thorup,

R.R.,1943 

San Diego embayment, San Diego Formation:

Hertlein, L. G., 1929a 

San Joaquin basin

Coalinga area, faunal lists, assemblage zones: 

Adegoke, O. S., 1966,1969; Arnold, R., 1909;' 

Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., 1909, 1910 

Diablo Range, Temblor Range:. Anderson,;

F. M., 1905 

Etchegoin Formation, faunal zones: Nom-.

land, J. O., 1917b

Jacalitos Formation, echinoid-mollusk relationships: Durham, J. W., and Wolfe, J. 

A., 1958 

Jacalitos Formation, faunal zones: Nomland,

J. 0., 1916b 

Kern River area, Miocene faunal zones:

Anderson, F. M., 1911

Kern River area, Miocene range chart: Addicott, W. 0., 1965b

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene faunal zones: 

Woodrlng, W. P., and others, 1940

California Continued 

Biostratigraphy Continued 

San Joaquin basin Continued 

Pliocene, faunal zones: Gester, G. C., and

Galloway, J., 1933 

Reef Ridge, faunal zones: Adogoke, 0. S., 1966,

1969; Stewart, R. B., 1946 

San Joaquin Clay, faunal zones: Barbat, W. F.,

and Galloway, J., 1934 

Temblor Range, Vaqueros Formation:

Clark, L. M., and Clark, A., 1935 

West side, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Anderson, F. M., 1908 

San Luis Obispo County, Miocene formations:

Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962b, 1966 

Santa Cruz Mountains

Merced? Formation: Addicott, W. 0., 1969a

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Arnold, R.,

1908b; Cummings, J. C., and others, 1962

Vaqueros Formation, Pecten sanctaccruzensis

teilzone: Burchfiel, B. C., 1964 

Southern, faunal zones, Pliocene: Carson, C. M.,

1925a

Transverse Ranges 

Oligoceno-Miocene, boundary problems: Kloinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1961 

Santa Ynez Mountains, Refugian Stage, 

stratigraphic limits: Weaver, D. W., and 

Frantz, J. D., 1967

Turritella biozones and foraminiferal stages: 

. Blacut, G., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1969 

Ventura basin 

Fernando Formation, faunal zones: Eaton, J.

E., 1928; Pressler, E. D., 1929 

Saugus Formation: Eaton, J. E., 1928 

Catalog 

Ccnozoic species, geologic ranges, geographic

distribution: Cooper, J. G., 1888, 1894 

Gabb's Neogene types, California University 

Geological Museum: Merriam, J. C., 1895 

Miocene and Pliocene types, San Diego Natural

History Museum: Wilson, E. C., 1966 

Pliocene and Pleistocene species: Grant, U. S.,

4th, and Gale, H. R., 1931 

Southern, Holocene species, ecologic data,

Illustrations: McLean, J. H., 1969 

Tertiary, figured specimens, prior to 1942:

Keen, A. M., and Bentson, H., 1940.-1944 

Tertiary, selected index fossils, illustrations:

Schonck, H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1940b 

Tertiary species, geologic ranges; Gabb, W. M.,

1869b 

Correlation

Carrizo-Cuyama basin, Miocene, continental 

 ' vertebrates-marine mollusks: James, G. T.,

1963

Coast Ranges 

Central, blue sand formations: Lorbekmo, J.

F., 1961 

Central and northern, Pliocene formations:

Martin, B., 1913,1916 

Chart, characteristic species: Vanderhoof, V.

L., 1956 

Marino-continental chronologies: Stirton, R.

A., 1936; Eaton, J. P., 1939a 

Northern, Ohlson Ranch Formation: Peck, 

J. H., Jr., 1960
172

California Continued 

Correlation Continued 

Coast Ranges Continued 

Northern, Sonoma County, Merced Formation: Stirton, R. A., 1952 

Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, chart: Woodring, W. P., 1952

Vaqueros Formation, correlation with Europe: 

Clark, B. L., and Durham, J. W., 1942; 

Renz, H. H., 1942; Schenck, H. G., 1935a; 

Woodford, A. 0., 1942

Vaquoros Formation, relationship to Saucesian Stage: Weaver, D. W., and Kleinpell, 

R. M., 1963 

Vaqueros and Temblor Formations, Turritella

inezana zone: Louderback, G. D., 1913 

Imperial basin, Pliocene, Atlantic affinities:

Dickerson, R. E., 1917a 

Los Angeles basin, Pliocene, chart: Arnold, R.,

1903 

Mount Diablo embayment, Agasoma gravidum

zone: Clark, B. L., 1917 

Neogene, time-stratigraphicsubdivisions: Clark,

B. L., 1921b 

Pectinids, European affinities: Eaton, J. E.,

1939a; Mongin, D,, 1959

Pliocene formations: Grant, U. S., 4th, and 

Hertlein, L. G., 1941; Woodring, W. P., and 

others, 1940

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations, chart: 

Woodring, W. P., 1952; Valentine, J. W., 1961 

San Joaquin basin 

Caribbean, Gulf Coast, Europe, Miocene:

Keen, A.M., 1943

Continental vertebrates-marine mollusks, Miocene, chart: Bode, F. D., 1935; Merriam, J. 

C., and Pack, R. W., 1913 

Foraminiferal and mollusk zones, chart: 

Beck, R. S., 1952 

Megafaunal-microfaunal-continental vertebrate

stages, chart: Repenning, C. A., 1960 

Mulinia densata zone: Ferguson, G. C., 1941 

Santa Cruz Mountains, Miocene formations:

Clark, J. C., 1968b 

Southern

Mammalian-megafaunal-microfaunal stages, 

chart: Durham, J. W., 1954; Durham, J. W., 

and others, 1954 

Saucesian Stage and molluscan sequence:

Weaver, D. W., 1965 

Time-stratigraphic units, chart: Corey, W. H.,

1954 

Tertiary basins, index species: Natland, M. L.,

1957 

Tertiary formations, molluscan zones, chart:

Clark, B. L., 1941

Ventura basin, Mint Canyon Formation, vertebrate-invertebrate: Durham, J. W., 1948b 

Faunal lists 

Carrito-Cuyama basin: Carlson, S., and others,

1951; English, W. A., 1916 

Central and northern, Pliocene: Martin, B., 1916 

Channel Islands

San Miguel Island, Miocene formations: 

Bremner, C. St. J., 1933; Weaver, D. W., and 

Doerner, D. P., 1969

California Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

Channel Islands Continued

Santa Cruz Island, Miocene formations: 

Bereskin, S. R., and Edwards, L. N., 1969; 

Bremner, C. St. J., 1932; Rand, W. W., 1931; 

Weaver, D. W., and others, 1969

Santa Cruz Island, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Weaver, D. W., and Meyer, G. L., 

1969

Santa Rosa Island: Avila, F. A., and Weaver,

D. W., 1969; Yates, L. G., 1890 

Coast Ranges

Diablo Range, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Dickinson, W. R., 1966b

Hollister area, Purisima Formation: Rogers, 

T. H., and others, 1967

Northern, San Francisco Bay area, Miocene 

formations: Weaver, C. E., 1949

Northern, Sonoma County, Merced Formation: Cardwell, G. T., 1958; Dickerson, R. 

E., 1922; Osmont, V. C., 1905; Travis, R. G., 

1952

Pliocene, index species: Woodring, W. P., 1952

Santa Margarita Formation: Nomland, J. O.,

1917c 

Diablo Range

Northtrn, late Tertiary: Stewart, R. B., 1949

San Benito quadrangle, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Wilson, I. F., 1943 

Eel River basin

Falor Formation: Mandra, Y. T., 1949; Manning, G. A., and Ogle, B. A., 1950

Pliocene: Harmon, A. K., Jr., 1914 

Imperial basin

Carrizo Creek area: Kew, W. S. W., 1914; 

Orcutt, C. R., 1901b;Vaughan,T.W.,1917

Imperial Formation: Popenoe, F. W., 1958; 

Woodring, W. P., 1931b

Pliocene: Orcutt, C. R., 1890 

Los Angeles basin

Downtown Los Angeles, Pliocene fauna: 

Soper, E. K., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1932; 

Watts, W. L., 1897; Willett, G., 1946

Fernando Formation: Arnold, R., 1907c; 

Eaton, J. E., 1926; Eldridge, G. H., 1907a; 

Moody, C. L., 1916

Northern, Modelo Formation: Dehlinger, P., 

1952

Northern, Topanga Formation: Neuerberg, 

G. J., 1953

Palos Verdes Hills, Monterey Shale: Woodring, 

W. P., and others, 1936,1946

Puente Formation: Arnold, R., 19070

Puente Hills, Repetto and Pico Formations: 

Kundert, C.J., 1952

Puente Hills, Topanga and Fernando Formations: Durham, D. L., and Yerkes, R. F., 

1964; English, W. A., 1926

Repetto Formation: Woodring, W. P., 1938

San Juan Capistrano area, Niguel Formation: 

Vedder, J. G., 1960

Santa Ana Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Richmond, J. F., 1952

Santa Monica Mountains, Miocene and 

Pliocene formations: Hoots, H. W., 1931
INDEX 173

California Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

Los Angeles basin Continued 

Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga Formation

Arnold, R., 1907c; Soper, E. K., 1938 

Southern, Miocene formations: Woodford

A. O., 1925 

Turritella inezana and T. ocoyana zones

Dickerson, R. E.,1914 

Vaqueros Formation: Eaton, J. E., 1926 

Los Angeles and Ventura basins, Miocene and

Pliocene formations: Kew, W. S. W., 1924 

Mount Diablo embayment 

Berkeley Hills, Monterey Formation: Lawson

A. C., and Palache, C., 1901 

Briones Formation: Crittenden, M. D., Jr.

1951; Trask, P. D., 1922 

Cierbo Formation: Huoy, A. S., 1948 

Hayward quadrangle, Miocene formations

Robinson, O. D., 1956 

Kirker Formation, Tuff Member: Primmer

S. R., 1964

Kirker Pass area, San Pablo Formation

Clark, B. L., 1912; Turner, H. W., 1891,1898

Martinez area, Miocene formations: Weaver

C. E., 1953

Miocene formations: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1958b 

Ham, C. K., 1952; Lawson, A. C., 1914 

Orinda Formation: Richey, K. A., 1943 

Oursan? Sandstone: Huey, A. S., 1948 

San Pablo Group: Clark, B. L., 1915a; Weaver,

C. E., 1909

Sobrante Sandstone: Lutz, G. C., 1951 

Temblor Formation: Crittenden, M. D., Jr.,

1951

Neogene formations: Whitney, J. D., 1865 

Northern, St. George Formation: Back, W.,

1957

Ostrea spp.: Orcutt, C. R., 1890 

Pacific Railroad Surveys: Blake, W. P., 1867 

Salinas basin 

Adelaida quadrangle, Santa Margarita Formation: Smith, P. B., and Durham, D. L. 

1068 

Carmelo Bay, Monterey Formation: Lawson,

A. C., 1893a

Carmel Valley area, Miocene formations: 

Bowen, O. E., 1966; Fiedler, W. M., 1944 

Monterey Formation, type area. Hanna, G D., 

 1928; Martin, B., 1912 

Monterey Shale: Durham, D. L., 1966 

Pancho Rico Formation: Durham, D. L., 

1963, 1964, 1965b, 1966; Forrest, L. C., and 

Gribi, E. A., Jr., 1963; Mandra, Y. T., 1963 

Santa Margarita Formation: Durham, D. L.,

1968b; Hawley, H. J., 1917 

Temblor Formation: Hawley, H. J., 1917 

Vaqueros Formation: Durham, D. L., 1965b;

Hamlin, H., 1904 

San Diego embayment

Pliocene or Pleistocene: Orcutt, C. R., 1889b

San Diego Formation: Arnold, R., and Arnold,

D., 1902; Dall, W. H., 1879a, 1879b; Hertlein,

L. G., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1939, 1944b;

Milow, E. D., and Ennis, D. B., 1961

California Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

San Diego embayment Continued 

San Diego Well: Dall, W. H., 1874; Ellis, A. J., 

and Lee, C. H., 1919; Orcutt, C. R., 1889c 

San Francisco peninsula, northern, Merced 

Formation: Glen, W., 1959; Hall, N. T., 1965; 

Lawson, A. C., 1893b, 1894 

San Joaquin basin 

DJablo Range, Jacalitos Formation: Hay,

E. C., 1963 

Etchegoin Formation: Gester, G. C., 1917;

Nomland, J. 0., 1917a

Jacalitos Formation: Nomland, J. 0. 1916a 

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1940 

McLure Shale: Barbat, W. F., and Johnson,

F. L., 1934 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Watts,

W. L., 1894 

Monocline Ridge, Temblor Formation: Zimmcrman, J., Jr., 1944 

Monterey Shale: Arnold R., and Johnson,

H. R., 1910

Northern Moreno Gulch, Temblor? Formation: Stewart, R. B., and others, 1944 

Priest Valley, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Rose, R. L., and Colburn, I. P., 1963 

Priest Valley, Santa Margarita Formation:

Henny, G., 1930 

Reef Ridge, Miocene formations: Stewart,

R. B., 1946

San Emigdio Mountains, Miocene formations:

Wagner, C. M., and Schilling, K. H., 192&

Santa Margarita Formation: Adegoke, 0. S.,

1967b; Andcrson, R., 1912; Clark, B. L.,

1916; Crowell, J. C., 1952a; Savage, D. E.,

1955

Southeastern, Miocene formations: Addicott,

W. 0., 1965b

Southern border, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Hoots, H. W., 1930 

Tejon Hills, Miocene formations: Clark, B. L., 

1916; Merriam, J. C., 1916; Savage, D. E., 

1955 

Temblor Formation: Atwill, E. R., 1935;

Dickinson, W. R., 1963 

Temblor Formation, type area: Anderson,

F. M., 1905; Curran, J. F. 1943 

Temblor Range, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Foss, C. D., and Blaisdoll, R., 

1968

Vaqueros Formation: Arnold, R., and 

Johnson, H. R., 1910; Barbat, W. F. and 

von Estorfi, F. E., 1933

San Luis Obispo County, Miocene formations: 

Hall, C. A., Jr., and Surdam, R. C. 1967 

Santa Cruz Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations Ashley, G. H., 1895a, 1895b; 

Branner, J. C., and others, 1909; Cummings,, 

J. C., and others, 1962; Haehl, H. L., and 

Arnold, R., 1904

Santa Lucia Range, northern, Miocene formations: Trask, P. D., 1926

468-965 72- -12
174 INDEX

California Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

Santa Maria basin 

Fernando Formation: Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., 1907a; Collom, R. E., 1918

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Hall, C. A.,

and Corbato, C. E., 1967; Woodring, W. P.,

and Bramlette, M. N., 1950; Woodring,

W. P., and others, 1945

Vaqueros Formation: Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., 1907a 

Southeastern, Blythe area, Bouse Formation:

Metzger, D. Q., 1969 

Southern 

Cajon Pass area, Vaqueros Formation: van

Amringe, J. EL, and Kilkenny, J. E., 1964 

Neenach quadrangle, Santa Margarita Formation: Wiese, J. H., 1950 

San Raphael Mountains, Miocene formations:

Vedder, J. G., and others, 1967 

Temblor Formation: Loel, W., and Corey, W.

H., 1932

' Temblor Range: Anderson, F. M., 1903 

Transverse Ranges:

Cajon Pass area, Vaqueros Formation: van 

Ambringe, J. H., and Kilkenny, J. E., 1964 

Neenach quadrangle, Santa Margarita Formation: Wiese, J. H., 1950 

San Raphael Mountains, Miocene formations:

Vedder, J. G., and others, 1967 

Santa Ynez Mountains, eastern, "Temblor"

Formation: Page, B. M., and others, 1951 

Santa Ynez Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Antisell, T., 1865a; Dibblee, 

T. W., Jr., 1950, 1966a

Santa Ynez Mountains, Vaqueros Formation:

Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1963a

Upper Sespe Creek area, Miocene formations:

Dickinson, W. R., 1969; Dickinson, W. R.,

and Lowe, D. R., 1966

Vaqueros Formation: Loel, W., and Corey, W.

H., 1932 

Ventura basin 

Eastern, Castaic Formation: Stanton, R. J.,

Jr., 1966, 1967a 

Eastern, Fernando Formation: English, W.

A., 1914b 

Eastern, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L., 1972 

Eastern "Modelo" Formation: Jahns, R. H.,

1940 

Eastern, Modelo? Formation: Durham, J. W.,

1948a; Wright, L. A., 1948 

Eastern, San Fernando quadrangle, Miocene 

and Pliocene formations: Oakeshott, G. B., 

1958

Fernando Group: Eaton, J. E., 1928; Waterfall, L. N., 1929 

Las Posas area, Fernando Formation: Pressler, E. D., 1929 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Bowers, S.,

1888,1890b 

Modelo Formation: Hudson, F. S., and Craig,

E, K., 1929 

Monterey Formation: Arnold, R., 1907b

California Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

Ventura basin Continued

Santa Clara Valley, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Eldridge, G. H., 1907b

Simi Valley, Fernando Formation: Woodring, 

W. P., 1930b

Vaqueros Formation: Cushman, J. A., and

LeRoy, L. W., 1938 

Faunal records 

Carrizo-Cuyama basin

Caliente Range, Miocene formations: Vedder, 

J. G., and Repenning, C. A., 1965

Fox Mountain quadrangle, Miocene formations: Vedder, J. G.,1968

Miocene, characteristic species: Hill, M. L., 

and Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1947, Hill, M. L., 

and others, 1958

Miocene, mollusk-nonmarine vertebrate 

correlations: Dougherty, J. F., 1940

Santa Margarita Formation: Hackel, 0., and 

others, 1962

Turritella ocoyana; Cushman, J. A., and Laiming, B., 1931

Vaqueros Formation: Pierce, R. L., 1962 

Catalina Island, Miocene formations: Shepard

F. P., and others, 1939; Smith, W. S. T., 1897 

Channel Islands

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Kennett, 

W. E., 1952; Weaver, D. W., ed., and others, 

1969

Santa Cm/, Island: Bereskin, S. R., 1969; 

Doerner, D. P., 1969

Santa Rosa Island, Miocene formations:

Kew, W. S. W., 1927 

Coast Ranges

Huasna area, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Anderson, T. I., and Crawford, F. D., 

1956

Late Tertiary: Blake, W. P., 1856; Trask, 

J. B., 1855b

Neogene formations, characteristic species: 

McLaughlin, R. P., and Waring, C. A., 

1914; Reed, R. D., 1933

Northern, Del Norte County, Miocene and 

Pliocene formations: Maxson, J. H., 1933, 

Moore, G. W., and Silver, E. A., 1968

Northern, Gualala area: Peck, J. H., Jr., 1957

Northern, Miocene and Pliocene formations: 

Clark, S. G., 1940; Diller, J. S., 1902; Irwin, 

W. P., 1960

Northern, Napa County, Carneros Creek: 

Morse, R. R., and Bailey, T. L., 1935

Northern, Sonoma County, Merced Formation: Stirton, R. A., 1936; Gealey, W. K., 

1951

Northern, Sonoma County, Ohlson Ranch 

Formation: Higgins, G. C., 1957,1960

Northern, Sonoma County, Petaluma? Formation: Morse, R. R., and Bailey, T. L., 

1935

Northern, Sonoma County, Petaluma Formation, brackish-water species: Hanna, G. D., 

1923; Taylor, D. W., 1966

Pacific Railroad Surveys, fossil localities: 

Blake, W. P., 1855
INDEX 175

California Continued 

Fauna! records Continued 

Coast Ranges Continued 

Phosphatic facies, Miocene: Dickert, P. F.,

1866 

Southern, Miocene formations: Fairbanks,

H. W., 1894b, 1895,1898; Richards, G. L., Jr.,

1936 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Hanna, G. D., 1966; Waring, C.A., 1914 

Colorado River area, brackish-water assemblages: Smith, P. B., 1960b, 1968b 

Diablo Range 

Miocene genera: Turner, H. W., and Stanton,

T. W., 1894

Parkfield area: Dickinson, W. R., 1966a 

Quien Sabe quadrangle: Leith, C. J., 1949 

San Jose area: Rose, R. L., 1965 

Eel River basin 

Moonstone Beach: Allison, E. C., and others,

1962; Durham, J. W., 1943; Zullo, V. A., 1961 

Wildcat Group: Irwin, W. P., 1960; Ogle, B. A.,

1953,1961b

Exilia, Pliocene species: Ball, W. H., 1918 

Imperial basin

Blythe area: Hamilton, W., 1960 

Carrizo Creek: Arnold, R., 1904; Bowers, S.,

1901; Merrill, F. J. H., 1914; Orcutt, C. R.,

1889a,1901a 

Carrizo Mountain: Fairbanks, H. W., 1893a;

Mendenhall, W. C., 1910 

Coyote Mountain: Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1961 

Crassostrea; Stearns, R.. E. C., 1879 

Imperial Formation: Alien, C. R., 1957;

Mansfield, W. C., 1932 

Indio Hills: Buwalda, J. P., and Stanton., W.

L., 1930

San Gorgonio Pass: Vaughan, F. E., 1918,1922 

Los Angeles basin 

Baldwin Hills: Tieje, A. J., 1926 

Deadman's Island: Crickmay, C. H., 1929 

Downtown Los Angeles: Hertlein, L. G., 1952;

Martin, L., 1952; Soper, E. K., and Grant,

U.S., 4th, 1933; Stearns, R. E. C., 1900 

Eastern, Santa Ana Narrows, Topanga Formation: Gray, C. H., Jr., 1961 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Arnold, R.,

1907a; Eldridge, G. H., and Arnold, R., 1907;

Mcrriam, J. C., 1900; Watts, W. L., 1900 

Miocene, characteristic species: Natland, M.

L., and RothweU, W. T., Jr., 1954 

Orange County: Adams, B. C., 1932 

Orange County, Capistrano Formation:

White, W. R., 1956 

Palos Vcrdes Hills: Woodring, W. P., 1936a;

Woodring, W, P., and Sow, W. S. W., 1932;

Woodring, W. P., and others, 1935 

Pholad borings: Edwards, E. C., 1934 

Puente Hills, Fernando Formation: Daviess,

S. N., and Woodford, A. 0., 1949; Yorkes, R.

F., 1960

San Joaquin Hills, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Vedder, J. G., and others 1957 

Santa Ana Mountains: Bowers, S., 1890a

California Continued 

Faunal records Continued 

Los Angeles basin Continued 

Santa Monica Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Rivers, J. J., 1904; Schoollhamor, J. E., and others, 1962; Schoollhamer, 

J. E., and Yerkes, R. F., 1961; Woodford, A, 

0., and Bailey, T. L., 1928; Yerkes, R. F., 

and others, 1964

Santa Monica Mountains, Modelo Formation:

Pierce, R. L., 1956; Woodring, W. P., 1930a

Southeastern, Topanga Formation: Smith, P.

B., 1960a

Topanga Formation: Allison, R. C., 1965 

Trems pajaroanus: Fitch, J. E., and Reimer,

R. D., 1967

Turritella inezana and T. ocoyana faunas: 

Schoellhamor, J. E., and Woodford, A. 0., 

1951

Miltha, Miocene appearance: Yokes, H. E., 1969

Miocene and Pliocene, characteristic species:

Hanna, G. D., and Hertlein, L. G., 1941;

Vander Leek, L., 1921

Mojave Desert, Antelopo Valley area: Dibblee,

T. W., Jr., 1967 

Monterey Formation, common species: Bramlette, M. N., 1946 

Mount Diablo embayrnent 

Briones Formation: Trask, P. D., 1921 

Miocene formations: Clark, B. L., 1913; Cruess, 

W. V., 1914; Kew, W. S. W., and Stoner, R. 

C. 1913; Tyson, P. T., 1850 

Oursan Sandstone: Ronsberger, J. M., 1969 

San Jose area: Templeton, E. C., 1913 

San Ramon Formation: Schenck, H. G., and

Reinhart.P. W., 1936 

Nassarius californianus, range extension: Rivers,

J. J., 1891

Neogene rnollusks: Whitnoy, J. D., 1865 

Northern, continental shelf, Wildcat Formation:

Hanna, G. D., 1952

Ostrea titan: Hertloin, L. G., 1959; Nicol, D., 1964 

Ostreidae, Neogene species: Heilprin, A., 1884;

White, C. A., 1884 

Salinas basin 

Adelaida quadrangle, Miocene formations:

Durham, D. L., 1965a; Wilson, R. R., 1931 

Bradley-San Mlguel area, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Taliaferro, N. L., 1943 

La Panza Range, Santa Margarita Formation: 

Reed, R. D., 1925; Richards, G. L., Jr., 1935 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Bramlette, 

M. N., and Davies, S. N., 1944; Taggart, L., 

and Kraetsch, R. B., 1963 

Monterey Bay area, Monterey Shale: Starko,

F. W., and Howard, A. D., 1968 

Ostrea titan: Fairbanks, H. W., 1894a; Hughes,

A. W., 1963 

Pancho Rico Formation: Durham, D. L-»

1968a; Herold, C. L., 1937 

Reliz Canyon, Miocene formations: Kleinpell,

R. M., 1930

San Lucas area: Richards, G. L., Jr., 1935 

Santa Lucia Range, Vaquoros Formation: 

Schenck, H. G., and Childs, T. S., Jr., 1942
176 INDEX

California Continued

Faunal records Continued

Salinas basin Continued

Santa Margarita Formation: Durham, D. L.

1968a; English, W. A., 1918; Fairbanks, H. W.

1904

Vaquoros Formation: Fairbanks, H. W., 1904

Taliaferro, N. L., and Schenck, H. G., 193!

Vaquoros Formation, type section: Kilkenny

J. E., 1948; Kleinpoll, R. M., and others, 1967

San Clemente Island, Miocene formations

Mitchell, E. D., Jr., and Lipps, J. H., 1965

Olmstead, F. H., 1958; Smith, W. S. T., 1942

San Diego embayment

Pliocene: Fairbanks, H. W., 1893b; Hanna

M. A., 1926

San Diego Formation: Emerson, W. K., and

Addicott, W. 0., 1953; Hertlein, L. G., and

Grant, U. S., 4th, 1943

San Diego Formation, characteristic species:

Frazier, K., 1968; Hertelin, L. G., and Grant,

U. S., 4th, 1954; Moore, E. J., 1968

San Francisco Bay area, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Hertlein, L. G., 1951 

San Francisco peninsula, northern, Merced

Formation: Louderback, G. D., 1951 

San Joaquin basin 

Devil's Den-McLure Valley, Miocene formations: Brooks, T. J., and others, 1955 

Diablo Range, Cantua-Panoche area: Anderson, R., 1911 

Diablo Range, Miocene formations: Anderson,

R., and Pack, R. W., 1915 

Diablo Range, San Pablo Formation: Briggs,

L. I., Jr., 1953 

Elk Hills, Etchegoin Formation: Woodring,

W. P., and others, 1932

Kern River area, Miocene formations: Clark,

A., 1937; Church, C. C., 1958; Hackel, 0.,

and Krammes, K., 1958; Hake, B. F., 1926;

Keen, A. M., 1939

Kern River area, Sharktooth Hill: Hanna, G

D., 1930; Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1965 

Kettleman Hills, Etchegoin Formation:

Nations, J. D., 1968

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., 1936b 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Watts, W.

L., 1900; Woodring, W. P., 1926b 

Northern Moreno Gulch, "Temblor" Formation: Payne, M. B., 1951 

Priest Valley area: Flynn, D. B., 1963; Pack,

R. W., and English, W. A., 1915 

Reef Ridge, Miocene formations: Durham, J. 

W., 1957; Bramlette, M. N., 1934; Von 

Estorff, F. E., 1930 

Reef Ridgo Shale: Siegfus, S. S., 1939 

San Emigdio Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: DeLise, K. C., 1967; Dibblee, 

T. W., Jr., 1961; Marks, J. G., 1943; Pack, 

R. W., 1920

Temblor Formation: Henry, G., 1927 

Temblor Range, Chico Martinez Creek, Miocene formations: Stinemeyer, E. S., and 

others, 1959 |

California Continued 

Faunal records Continued 

San Joaquin basin Continued 

Temblor Range, Crocker Flat area: Simonson,

R. R., and.Kreuger, M. L., 1942 

Temblor Range, Miocene formations: Barbat, 

W. F., and Weymouth, A. A., 1931; Elliott, 

W. J., and others, 1968; English, W. A., 1921; 

Hanna, G D., 1936; Heikkila, H. H., and 

MacLeod, G. M., 1951; Marsh, 0. T., 1960 

Temblor Range, San Joaquin Formation:

Church, C. C., 1968 

Tulare County, subsurface, Pliocene: Klausing, R. L., and Lohman, K. E., 1964 

Tumey Hills, Temblor Formation: Schoellhamer, J. E., and Kinnoy, D. M., 1953 

Western, Miocene Formations: Henny, G.,.

1927

Santa Cruz Mountains

Miocene formations: Arnold, R., 1908a; Brabb,. 

E. E., 1964; Fairchild, W. W., and others,, 

1969 

New Almaden district: Becker, G. F., 1888;.

Bush, J.B., 1931

Palo Alto quadrangle, Miocene and Pliocene*

formations: Arnold, R., 1901; Dibblee,

T. W., Jr., 1966b; Page, B. M., and Tabor,.

L. L., 1967

San Juan Bautista quadrangle, Miocene and;

Pliocene formations: Alien, J. E., 1946 

Santa Cruz area, Purisima Formation: Addi--

cott.W. O., 1966a 

Santa Maria basin 

Huasna area, Miocene formations: Hughes,.

A. W., 1956

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Arnold, R.,. 

and Anderson, R., 1907b; Fairbanks, H. W.,. 

1896 

Obispo Formation: Hall, C. A., and others,.

1966

Sisquoc Formation: Porter, W. W., II, 1932: 

Southern

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Dall, W. H.,,

1925; Jahns, R. H., ed., 1954; Perilliat Montoya.M. C.,1908; Reed, R. D.,andHollister,.

J. H., 1936

Vaqueros and Modelo Formations, character--

istic species: Kew, W. S. W., 1923 

Thyasira spp.: Dall, W. H., 1901 

Transverse Ranges

Cajon Pass area, Vaqueros Formation: Dibb--

lee, T. W., Jr., 1967; Woodring, W. P., 1942-

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Antisell, T.,.

1856b; Hughes, A. W., 1947; Kew, W. S. W.,.

1919; Nelson, R. N., 1925

Santa Ynoz Mountains, "Temblor Stage"::

Keenan, M. F., 1932

Santa Ynez Mountains, Vaqueros Formation:. 

Bailey, T. L., 1952a; Bandy, O. L., and. 

Kolpack, R. N., 1963: Kleinpell, R. N., and. 

Weaver, D. W., 1963b; Simonson, R. R.,. 

1952; Trefzger, R. E., and others, 1952;. 

Weaver, D. W., 1965; Wilson, E. J., 1954. 

Upper Sespe Creek area, Santa Margarita. 

Formation: Ingle, J. C., Jr., 1969; Lowe,, 

D. R., 1969
INDEX 177

 California Continued 

Faunal records Continued 

Vaqueros Formation: Loel, W. F., 1918 

Vcntura basin

Big Mountain oil field area, Miocene am 

Pliocene formations: Hall, E. A., and Redin 

T., 1067

lEastern, Miocene and Pliocene formations

Hershey, 0. H., 1902; Winterer, E. L.

1956; Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L.

1958

.'Eastern, Modelo? Formation: White, E. C.

and Bufflngton, E. C., 1948 

"Eastern, Ridge Basin Group: Crowell, J. C. 

1952 Fillmore area, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Eschner, S., 1969 

"Los Sauces Creek, Vaqueros Formation

Redwine L. E., and others, 1952 

".Miocene and Pliocene formations: Carson, C. 

M., 1965; Cartwright, L. D., Jr., 1928; Elridge, Q. H., and Arnold, R., 1907; Merriam, J. C., 1900; Redwine, L. E., chm., 

and others, 1952 

'Pico Formation: Boss, K. J., and Merrill, A. S.,

1965

/Pliocene, fossil localities: Hazzard, J. C., 1947 

Rincon Creek, Santa Barbara Formation:

Redwine, L. E., 1957 

"Santa Barbara Formation: Grant, U. S.,

4th, and Hortloin, L. G., 1941 

'South Mountain, Pico Formation; Yeats, R.

S., 1965

'Vaqueros Formation: Corey, W. H., 1929; 

Crowell, J. C., 1960; Dibblce, T. W., Jr., 

1952 

Vaqueros Formation, Pecten sespeensis var.

hydei: Bailey, T. L., 1952a 

Ventura River area, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Bailey, T. L., 1952b 

«Qeochronology

Continental vertebrate-marine mollusk relationships: Durham, J. W., and others, 1954 

"'LateMi cene.vertebrate-marinomolluskrelationships: Durham, J. W., and Savage, D. E., 1954 

.Miocene

Vaqueros Formation, Lyellian correlation:

Keen, A. M., 1942 

Vaqueros Formation, pectinid evidence:

Cox, L.R., 1942 

Miocene-Pliocene boundary 

Molluscan correlation: Stanton, R. J., Jr.,

1967b

San Joaquin basin: Adegoke, 0. S., 1967d 

Santa Cruz Mountains: Clark, J. C., 1968a 

Neogene, time-stratigraphic subdivisions:

Arnold, R., 1906b; Smith, J. P., 1910 

Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary: Gale, H. R., 

1931; Schenck, H. G., and Keeu, A. M., 1940a 

Southern, molluscan "stages": Durham, J. W.,

1954

Monogra phs of genera 

Haliotis, Miocene species: Cox, K. W., 1962 

Pecten s.l.: Arnold R., 1906b 

Oil and gas fields

Carrizo-Cuyarna basin, Morales oilfield, Miocene 

faunal records: Lawrence, E. D., 1960

California Continued 

Oil and gas fields Continued 

Diablo Range, Hollister field, Purisima Formation: Wilkinson, E. R., 1963, 1967 

Imperial basin, Ostrea: Auger, I. V., 1920 

Los Angeles basin 

Inglewood oil field, Pliocene species: Huguenin, E.,1926 

Miocene, "fossil markers": Edwards, E. C.,

1951 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Wissler,

S. G., 1941

Playa del Rey oil field, Miocene species:

Corey, W. H., 1935,1936; Metzner, L. H., 1935

Venice oil field, Miocene species: Corey, W. H.,

1935,1936 

San Joaquin basin

Belgian Anticline oil field, Etchegoin Formation, faunal records: Park, W. H., and 

Others, 1957

Belridge oil field, Miocene formations, characteristic species: Wharton, J. B., 1943 

Buena Vista Hills oil field, Miocene and 

Pliocene -formations, -characteristic species: 

Borkoyich, G. J., 1958; Howard, P. J., 1935 

Buena Vista Hills oil field, Pliocene zones:

McMastors, J. H., 1943 

Burrel oil field, Santa Margarlta Formation,

faunal records: Sullivan, J. C., 1961 

Buttonwillow gas field, Etchegoin Formation, 

raarine-nonmarlno markers: Musser, E. H., 

1930 

Buttonwillow gas field, Pliocene, Mulinia bed:

Chambers, L. S., 1943 

Calders Corner oil field, Etchegoin Formation,

characteristic species: Weddle, J. R., 1962 

Canal and Strand oil fields, Etchegoin Formation, Mulinia densata; Walling, R. W., 1939 

Cantua Creek area, Temblor Formation: Hill,

F. L., 1960 

Coalinga oil field, pholad borings: Ruckman,

J. H., 1913

Cymric oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, faunal records: McMasters, J. H., 1947; 

Weddle, J. R., 1966, Anderson, D. M., and 

and Land, P. E., 1969

Devils Den oil field, Miocene formations, 

characteristic species: VanCouvering, M., 

and Alien H. B., 1943 

Dudley Ridge gas field, Mya and Mulinia

zones: Henny, G., 1943 

East Coalinga Extension oil field, upper

Mulinia bed: Kaplow, E. J., 1942 

Edison oil field, Miocene formations, faunal 

records: Cushman, J. A., and Laiming, B., 

1931; Kasline, F. E., 1941 

Fruitvale oil field, characteristic pelecypods: 

Miller, R. H., and Ledingham, G. W., 1943 

Fruitvale oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, faunal lists: Preston, H. M., 1931 

Guijarral Hills oil field, Miocene formations,

faunal records: Sullivan, J. C., 1962 

Harvester gas field, Pliocene for relations, faunal

records: Hill, F. L., 1961a 

Kern Bluff oil field, Santa Margarita Formation: Corwin, C. H., 1950
178 INDEX

California Continued 

t_ Oil and gas fields Continued 

San Joaquin basin Continued 

Kern Front oil field, Miocene and Pliocene

formations, characteristic species: Park,

W. H., 1965 

Kern Eiver oil field, Etchegoin Claystone

Member, Macoma kerica, Cryptomya; Edwards, E. C., 1943 

Kern Eiver oil field, Etchogoin Formation,

Macoma: Hendrickson, A. B., 1928 

Kettleman Hills oil field, Miocene formations,

faunal records: Cunningham, Q. M., and

Barbat, W. F., 1932; GoudkoS, P. P., 1934;

Sullivan, J. C., 1966 

Kettleman Middle Dome oil field, Miocene and

Pliocene formations, characteristic species:

Hill, F. L., 1965 

Lost Hills oil field, Etchegoin Formation,

faunal records: Ayars, R. N., 1939 

McKittrick oil field, Antelope Shale, Pecten

peckhami; Weddle, J. R., 1965 

McKittrick oil field, Miocene and Pliocene

formations, characteristic species: Zulberti, J. L., 1956 

McKittrick oil field, Pliocene index species:

Atwlll, E. F., 1943; Bertholf, H. W., 1962 

Midway-Sunset oil field, Antelope Shale,

Pecten peckhami; Zulberti, J. L., 1957 

Midway-Sunset oil field, characteristic species,

illustrations: Roberts, D. C., 1927 

Midway-Sunset oil field, Pliocene formations,

faunal zones, characteristic species: Ayars,

R. N., 1941; Hillls, D., and Woodward, W.T.,

1943; Woodward, W. T., 1945; Zulberti, J. L.,

1958,1959,1981 

Mountain View oil field, Chanac Formation,

characteristic species: Miller, R. H., and

Bloom, C. V., 1937 

Mountain View oil field, Miocene formations,

characteristic species: Miller, R. H., and

Ferguson, G. C., 1943; Park, W. H., 1966 

North Belrldge oil field, Miocene formations,

characteristic species: Preston, H. M., 1932 

Poso Creek oil field, Etchegoin Formation,

characteristic species: Weddle, J. R., 1959 

Round Mountain oil field, Miocene formations,

faunal records: Park, W. H., and others,

1963; Rogers, R. G., 1943 

Semltroplc gas field, San Joaquin Clays

Mya-Elphidium zone: Valentine, W. W., 1943 

Southern, Barbat's Pliocene

Park, W. H., and Weddle, J. R., 1959 

Strand oil field, Etchegoin Formation, characteristic species: Shea, D. N., 1968 

Ten Section oil field, Etchegoin Formation,

Mulinia zone: Gentry, A. W., 1943 

Trico gas field, Pliocene formations, char

acterlstlc species: Doell, E. C., 1943: Hill, F 

L., 1964b

Union Avenue oil field, Santa Margarita

Sand, faunal records: Weddle, J. R., 196

Vallecitos oil field, Miocene and Pliocen

formations, faunal records: Wilkinson, E. R.

1959

Jalifornia Continued 

Oil and gas fields Continued 

San Joaquin bas'n Continued 

Wasco oil field, San Joaquin Clay, first Mya

zone: Barnes. R. M., 1943 

Western, Pecten anderaoni; Goudkofl, P. P.,

1941, 1947 

Santa Maria basin 

Cat Canyon oil field Monterey Shale, faunal

records: Cross, R. K., 1943 

Guadalupe oil field, Careaga Formation,

faunal records: Lawrence, E. D., 1964 

Santa Maria Valley oil field, Miocene and 

Pliocene formations, characteristic species: 

Canfield C. R., 1939 

Ventura basin 

Canoga Park oil field, Topanga Formation,

faunal records: Rothermel, R. V., 1964 

Capitan oil field, Vaqueros Formation, characteristic opecies: Dolman, S. G., 1938 

Cascade oil field, Sunshine Ranch Formation, 

faunal records: Roth, G. H., and Sullwold 

H. H., Jr., 1958

Correlation chart, macrofossll stages, characteristic species: Holman, W. H., 1958 

Eastern Placerita oil field, Plco Formation, 

characteristic species: Oakeshott, G. B., 

1950; Tudor, R. B., 1962 

Elwood oil field, Temblor Formation, Robuluimud pecten zone: Hill, M. L., 1943 

Sespe oil field, Vaqueros Formation, faunal

records: Doscn, M. W., 1967 

Paleoclimatology 

Channel Islands

Santa Cruz Island, Miocene, foraminlferal and 

molluscan evidence: Bereskin, S. R., and 

Edwards, L. N., 1969 

Santa Rosa Island, early Miocene: Avlla,

F. A., and Weaver, D. W., 1969 

Miocene, middle, fish and invertebrate Inferences: Bacskal, J. A., 1969 

Oligocene and Miocene: Wiedey, L. W., 1928 

Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, glacial control:

Galo, H. R., 1931 

San Joaquin basin

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene, faunal and geochemical evidence: Stanton, R. J., Jr., and 

Dodd, J. R., 1969 

Late Miocene: Addicott, W. 0., and Vedder,

J. G., 1963 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene, molluskforaminlfer inferences: Ingle, J. C., Jr., 1967 

Ventura basin

Pliocene: Yeats, R. S., and others, 1967 

Pliocene and Pleistocene: Waterfall, L. N., 1929 

Paleoecology 

Eel River basin, Wildcat Group, bathymetrlc

inferences: Talmadge, R. R., 1968 

Los Angeles basin, Repetto Formation: Woodring, W. P., 1938 

Oxygen isotope values, Ostrea spp.: Longlnelli,

A., and Nuti, S., 1968 

Sallnas basin, southern, Monterey Shale: Smith,

P. B., 1968a

San Joaquin basin, Kern River area, Sharktooth 

Hill: Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1966
INDEX 179

California Continued 

Paleoecology Continued 

Santa Margarlta Formation, bryozoan-mollusk

relationship: Adegoke, 0. S., 1967a 

Santa Maria basin 

Plsmo Formation, sand-pipes: Adegoke, 0, S.,

1966b; Evans, J. W., 1967 

Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., and

Bramlette, M. N., 1950 

Ventura basin 

Eastern, Castaic Formation: Stanton, R. J.,

Jr., 1962,1967a

Eastern, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L., 1962

Pico Formation, orientation of pelecypod

valves: Crowell, J. C., and others, 1966;

Hoskins, C. W., 1967

Pliocene or Pleistocene, Santa Barbara zone:

Meade, R. F., 1966,1967 

South Mountain, Fernando Formation: Yeats,

R. S., and others, 1967 

South Mountain, Santa Barbara zone: Meade,

R. F., 1966,1967 

Western, Santa Barbara Formation, blofacies:

Valentine, J. W., 1962 

Paleogeography 

Coast Ranges

Late Miocene, maps: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1960 

Miocene: Reed, R. D., 1926 

Miocene, San Androas fault, evidence for lateral slip: Addicott, W. 0., 1967a 

Southern, Miocene: Eaton, J. E., and others,

1941

Imperial basin, late Tertiary: Brown, J. S., 1923 

Miocene: Addicott, W. O., 1967b; Clark, B. L., 

and Arnold, R., 1918b; Cooper, J. G., 1874 

Miocene and Pliocene, maps: Clark, B. L., 1921b 

Ollgocene and Miocene, maps: Addicott, W. O.,

1968a 

San Francisco Bay area, Merced? Formation,

map: Addicott, W. O., 1969b 

San Joaquln basin, Kettleman Hills, Pliocene:

Stanton, R. J., Jr., 1969 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene, maps: Corey,

W. H., 1954; Eaton, J. E., 1932 

Vaqueros Formation, map: Loel, W., and Corey,

W. H., 1932

Systematic descriptions 

Agasoma spp.: English, W. A. 1914a 

Area spp.: Osmont, V. C. 1904 

Carrizo-Cuyama basin 

Miocene formations: Eaten, J. E. and others,

1941 

Neptunea eatvni: Grant, U. S., 4th, and Quayle,

E. H., 1934 

Pecten juanensis; Grant, U. S., 4tb, and

Stevenson, R. E., 1948 

Channel Islands, Miocene formations: Hertlein,

L. G., 1928b 

Coast Ranges

Miocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1857b, 

1857d; Gabb, W. M., 1866,1869a; Wiedey, L. 

W., 1928,1929a

Northern, Sonoma County, Pliocene formations: Howe, H. V., 1922; Peck, J. H., Jr.,, 

1960

California Continued 

Systematic descriptions Continued 

Coast Ranges Continued 

Oetrea titan: Conrad, T. A., 1853b 

Pliocene formations: Gabb, W. M., 1866,1869a;

Martin, B., 1914 

Eel River basin

Falor Formation: Mandra, Y. T., 1949; Manning, G. A., and Ogle, B. A., 1950 

Wildcat Group: Faustman, W. F., 1964;

Martin, B., 1914 

Imperial basin 

Carrizo Creek area: Conrad, T. A., 1853a,

1855b; Marcou, J., 1858 

Coyote Mountain, Imperial Formation:

Hanna, G D., 1926b 

Imperial Formation: Emerson, W. K., 1964;

Hanna, G D., and Strong, A. M., 1949'- 

Ostrea aespertina: Conrad, T. A., 1854 

Larkinia; Reinhart, P. W., 1935 

Los Angles basin

Monterey Shale, pcctinlds: Trask, J. B., 1858 

Pliocene formations: Dall, W. H., 1900; Moody,

C. L., 1916 

Repetto Formation: Hertlein, L. G. 1925a;

Woodring, W. P., 1938

Santa Monica Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1857c; 

Raymond, W. J., 1904 

Santa Monica Mountains, Modelo Formation:

Woodring, W. P., 1931c

Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga Formation: Arnold, R., 1907e 

Mount Dlablo embayment 

Briones Formation: Trask, P. D., 1922 

Miocene formations: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1958b; 

Hall, E. B., and Ambrose, A. W., M7; 

R6mond, A., 1863

San Lorenzo Group: Clark, B. L., 1918 

San Pablo Group: Clark, B. L., 1915a 

Sobrante Sandstone: Lutz, G. C., 1951 

Mya spp.: MacNeil, F. S., 1965 

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations: Grant,

U. S., 4th, and Gale, H. R., 1931 

Salinas basin

La Panza Range, Miocene formations: Anderson, F. M., and Martin, B., 19U; Hanna, 

G D., and Hertlein, L. G., 1938 

Miocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 18fi5b,

1857c; Davis, C. H., 1913 

Santa Margarita Formation: Gale, H. R.,

1928; Nomland, J. 0., 1917c 

San Diego embayment 

Opalia spp.: Stearns, R. E. C., 1876 

San Diego Formation: Dall, W. H., 1874, 

1879a; Hertlein, L. G., 1929b; McLean, 

J. H., 1964

San Francisco Peninsula 

Northern, Merced Formation: Glen, W., 1959 

Santa Clara County: Conrad, T. A., 1857c 

San Joaquin basin

Coallnga area, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Adegoke, 0. S., 1969; Anderson, 

F. M., 1905; Arnold, R., 190&b 

Etchegoin Formation: Nomland, J. 0., 1917a
180 INDEX

 California Continued 

Systematic descriptions Continued 

San Joaquin basin Continued 

Jacalitos Formation: Nomland, J. O., 1916a,

1916b

Kern River area, Miocene formations: Addicott, W. O., 1965b; Anderson, F. M., 1905; 

Anderson, F. M., and Martin, B., 1911; 

Conrad, T. A., 1855b; Cooper, J. G., 1894; 

Emerson, W. K., 1957; Hanna, G D., and 

Hertlein, L. G., 1938; Hertlein, L. G., 1934 

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1940 

San Emigdio Mountains, Monterey Group:

Wagner, C. M., and Schilling, K. H., 1923 

Santa Margarita Formation: Hertlein, L. G.,

1934; Nomland, J. O., 1917c 

Temblor Range, Santa Margarita Formation:

Woodring, W. P., 1932

Santa Cruz Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Arnold, R., 1908b; Carson, C. M., 

1926; Conrad, T. A., 1857c 

Santa Maria basin

Area leptogrammica: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1964 

Arcidae: Reinhart, P. W., 1937 

Pliocene formations: Arnold, R., 1907d; 

Bartsch, P., 1911; Carson, C. M., 1926; 

Woodring, W. P., and Bramlette, M. N., 

1950

Vaqujros Formation: Hertlein, L. G., 1937 

Southern, Pliocene formations: Carson, C. M.,

1925b, 1926 

Transverse Ranges, Santa Ynez Mountains,

Miocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1857c 

Vaqueros Formation: Loel, W., and Corey,

W. H., 1932 

Ventura basin

Eastern, Pliocene formations: English, W. A., 

1914b; Kanakoff, G. P., 1954, 1956, 1966; 

Yokes, H. E., 1935

Fernando Group: Waterfall, L. N., 1929 

Santa Barbara area, Santa Barbara Formation: Ball, W. H., 1917; Gabb, W. M., 1861; 

Trask, J. B., 1855a

Vaqueros Formation: Arnold, R., 1907d 

Taxonomy

Agasoma sinuatum: Woodring, W. P., 1956 

Conrad's (1857d) species, Santa Ynez Mountains: Woodring, W. P., 1931a

 Crenomytilus, Miocene and Pliocene species:

Soot-Ryen, T., 1955 

Dosinia: Durham, J. W., 1959

 Gabb's (1868, 1869) gastropods: Stewart, R. B.,

1927 

'Gabb's (1866, 1869) pelecypods: Stewart, R. B.,

1930 

'"Goniobasis rodeoensis," Petaluma Formation:

Taylor, D. W., 1966

 I-Ialiotis, Miocene and Pliocene species: Talmadge, R. R., 1964

Hall and Ambrose's (1916) species, illustrations: 

Wiedey, L. W., 1929c

Marginella spp., Ventura basin, Castaic Formation: Roth, B., and Coan, E. V., 1968

Melanellidae, Miocene species, San Joaquin 

basin: Bartsch, P., 19l7b

California Continued 

Taxonomy Continued

Miltha sanctaecrusis: Vokes, H. E., 1939

Miocene species, Carrizo-Cuyama basin: 

Fritsche, A. E., 1967

Mytilus loeli: Grant, U. S., 4th, 1930

Nassarius, Pliocene species: Addicott, W. O., 

1965a, 1965c

Nisot antiselli: Emerson, W. K., 1965

Ostrea californica, Imperial basin: Hanna, G D., 

and Hertlein, L. G., 1927b

Ostreidae, Miocene, valid species: Tieje, A. J., 

1930

Pectinids: Hertlein, L. G., 1928a, 1981b, 1936; 

Woodring, W. P., 1930C

Tertiary species, systematic catalogue, revised 

generic assignments: Keen, A. M., and Bentson, H., 1940,1944

Tertiary species, systematic list, taxonomic 

notes: Gabb, W. M., 1869b

Turritella variata: Wiedey, L. W., 1929b

Typhis lampada: Keen, A. M., 1944

Ventricolar.ia n. sp.: Keen, A. M., 1954a 

Zoogeography

Coast Ranges

Miocene provinces of Hall (1960), discussion: 

Durham, J. W., and Primmer, S. R., 1962 

Miocene provinces, reply to Durham and

Primmer (1962): Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962c 

Miocene provinces, San Andreas fault, evidence for lateral slip: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1959a, 

1960,1962a

Imperial basin, late Tertiary, tropical affinities: 

Bramkamp, R. A., 1935; Dickerson, R. E., 

1918

Miocene, Turritella inezana: Addicott, W. 0., 

1967a,1967b

Provincialism, Miocene and Pliocene: Durham,

J. W., 1963 

Catalog 

British Columbia

Holocene mollusks, Tertiary ranges, Pacific

coast: LaRocque, A., 1953 

California

Cenozic species, geologic range, geographic distribution: Cooper, J. G., 1888,1894

Gabb's Neogene types, California University 

Geological Museum: Merriam, J. C., 1895

Miocene and Pliocene types, San Diego Natural 

History Musuem: Wilson, E. C., 1966

Pliocene and Pleistocene species: Grant, U. S., 

4th, and Gale, H. R., 1931

Southern, Holocene species, ecologic data, illustrations: McLean, J. H., 1969

Tertiary, figured specimens, prior to 1942: Keen . A. M., and Bentson, H., 1940,1944

Tertiary, selected index fossils, illustration;: 

Schenck, H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1940b

Tertiary species, geologic ranges: Gabb, W. M.,

1869b 

Fossil invertebrates

U.S. National Museum, type specimens, typological data: Schuchert, C. assisted by Dall, 

W. H., and others, 1905
INDEX 181

Catalog Continued 

Gastropoda 

Systematics, illustrations: Moore, R. C., ed., and

others, 1960 

North America 

Index fossils, illustrations, stratigraphic data:

Shimer, H. W., and Schrock, R. R., 1944 

Oregon 

Shumard's (1858) types, Washington University

at St. Louis: Trumbull, E. J., 1958 

Pacific Coast

Acila, valid species: Schenck, H. G., 1935b 

Arcidae: Reinhart, P. W., 1943 

Conrad's Cenozoic type specimens, Philadelphia 

Academy of Natural Sciences: Moore, E. J., 

1962

Currant research

Cenozoic molluscan paleontology: Addicott,

W. O., and Kanno, S., 1969; Kanno, S., and

Addicott, W. O., 1969; Keen, A. M., 1968

Tertiary invertebrates, 1924: Clark, B. L., 1924

Holocene genera, ecologic data: Keen, A. M., 1963

Holocene pelecypods, systematics, geographic

ranges: Olsson, A. A., 1961 

Holocene species

Geographic ranges: Dall, W. H., 1921a 

Latitudinal ranges: Keen, A. M., 1937 

Tertiary ranges, original descriptions:

Oldroyd, I. S., 1924b 

Oregon and Washington 

Tertiary, geologic names, selected paleontologic

data: Youngquist, W., 1961 

Tertiary species, original descriptions, illustrations: Weaver, C. E., 1942 

Pandoridae, Miocene species: Boss, K. J., 1965 

Pacific Ocean

Eastern, Holocene Pectinidae: Grau, G., 1959 

Pelecypoda 

Systematics, illustrations: Moore, R. C., ed.,

and others, 1969 

United States 

Geologic names, 1936-1960, miscellaneous faunal

records: Keroher, G. C., and others, 1966 

Geologic names, prior to 1936, miscellaneous

faunal records: Wilmarth, M. G., 1938 

Washington 

Holoceno mollusks, Pugot Sound, ecologic data,

fossil occurrences: Oldroyd, I. S., 1924a 

Tertiary, new species, 1937-1956: Reichert,

W. H., 1960 

William Healoy Dall

Zoological taxa: Boss, K. J., and others, 1968 

Central America 

Faunal lists 

Costa Rica, Carballo area: Haas, O., 1942;

Romanes, J., 1912

Nicaragua, El Salto Formation: Hoylman, 

H. W., and Chilingar, G. V., 1965; Rivera, 

N. P., 1965 

Paleogeography 

Miocene and Pliocene 

Panama-Costa Rica seaways: Clements, T.,

1941

Panama land bridge, map: Woodring, W. P., 

1966

Central America Continued 

Systematic descriptions 

Panama 

Canal Zone, gastropods: Woodring, W. P.,.

1957b, 1959 

Miocene, Gatun Formation: Vokes, E. H.,,

1969

Zoogeography

Costa Rica, Caribbean coast, Miocene, Pacificanalogues: Olsson, A. A., 1922 

Miocene, endomism: Woodring, W. P., 1965 

Panama, Canal Zone, Mioceno-Holocene lineages: Woodring, W. P., 1964 

Correlation 

Alaska 

Alaska Peninsula, Unga Formation: Atwood,.

W. W., 1911 

Aleutian Islands, Arctic Coast, Gulf of Alaska,.

late Cenozoic: Hopkins, D. M., 1967b 

Bering Sea, American and Russian coasts, lateCenozoic: Hopkins, D. M., and others, 1965. 

Gulf of Alaska, Yakataga Formation: Clark,

B. L., 1933

Tertiary formations, chart, annotations: MacNell, F. S., and others, 1961 

British Columbia 

Vancouver Island

Sooko Formation: Clapp, C. H., 1912 

West coast, Hesquiat-Nootka area, Miocene::

Jelotzky, J. A., 1954 

California

Carrizo-Cuyama basin, Miocene, continentals 

vertebrates-marine mollusks: James, G. T.,. 

1963

Coast Ranges 

Central, blue sand formations: Lerbekmo,.

J. F.,1961 

Central and northern, Pliocene formations:

Martin, B., 1913,1916 

Chart, characteristic species: Vanderhoof,.

V. L., 1956 

Marine-continental chronologies: Stirton,.

R. A., 1936; Eaton, J. P., 1939a 

Northern, Ohlson Ranch Formation: Peck,.

J. H., Jr., 1960

Northern, Sonoma County, Merced Formation: Stirton, R. A., 1952 

Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, chart: Woodring, W. P., 1952

Vaqueros Formation, correlation with Europe:. 

Clark, B. L., and Durham, J. W., 1942;: 

Renz, H. H., 1942; Schenck, H. G., 1935a;. 

Woodford, A. 0., 1942

Vaqueros Formation, relationship to Sauccsian. 

Stage: Weaver, D. W., and Kleinpcll, R. M.,. 

1963

Vaqueros and Temblor Formation, Tunitdlainezana zone: Louderback, G. D., 1913:

Imperial basin, Pliocene, Atlantic affinities:

Dickerson, R. E., 1917a 

Los Angeles basin, Pliocene, chart: Arnold, R.,.

1903 

Mount Diablo embayment, Agasoma gravidum.

zone: Clark, B. L., 1917

Neogene, time-stratigraphic subdivisions:: 

Clark, B. L., 1921b
INDEX

Co rrelation Continued 

California Continued 

Pectinids, European affinities: Eaton, J. E.,

1939a; Mongin, D., 1959

Pliocene formations: Grant, U.S. 4th., and 

Hertlein, L. G., 1941; Woodring, W. P., and 

others, 1940

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations, chart: 

Woodring, W. P., 1952; Valentine, J. W., 

1961

San Joaquin basin 

Caribbean, Gulf Coast, Europe, Miocene:

Keen, A. M., 1943

Continental vertebrates-marine mollusks, 

Miocene, chart: Bode, F. D., 1935; Merriam, 

J. C., and Pack, R. W., 1913 

Foraminiferal and mollusk zones, chart:

Beck, R. S., 1952

Megafaunal-microfaunal-continental vertebrate stages, chart: Repenning, C. A., 1960 

Mulinia densata zone: Ferguson, G. C., 1941 

Santa Cruz Mountains, Miocene formations:

Clark, J. C., 1968b 

Southern

Manmialian-inegafuanal-microfaunal stages, 

chart: Durham, J. W., 1954; Durham, J. W., 

and others, 1954 

Saucesian Stage and molluscan sequence:

Weaver, D. W., 1965 

Time-stratigraphic units, chart: Corey, W. H.,

1954 

Tertiary basins, index species: Natland, M. L.,

1957 

Tertiary formations, molluscan zones, chart:

Clark, B. L., 1941

Ventura basin, Mint Canyon Formation, vertebrate-invertebrate: Durham, J. W., 1948b 

Methods 

Tertiary, percentage of living species, discussion:

Keen, A. M., 1940 

Mexico 

Baja California, Neogene: Allison, E. C., 1964;

Durham, J. W., and Allison, E. C., 1980 

Gulf of California, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Durham, J. W., 1940b 

Oregon 

Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Howe,

H. V., 1926

Astoria Formation: Conrad, T. A., 1856b, 1866 

Coos Bay embayment, Empire Formation:

Howe, H. V., 1921 

Newport embayment, Miocene formations:

Suavely, P. D., Jr., and others, 1964 

Northwestern 

Molluscan and foraminiferal stages, chart:

Newton, V. C., Jr., 1969 

Scappoose Formation: Wilkinson, W. D., and

others, 1946 

Vaqueros "stage": Durham, J.W., and others,

1942

Pacific Coast 

Acila gettysburgensis zone: Clark, B. L., and

Arnold, R., 1923

Astoria Formation: Clark, B. L., 1917 

California and Ecuador, Miocene: Marks, J. G., 

1951

 Correlation Continued 

Paciflc Coast Continued 

Late Cenozoic, mammalian-molluscan-foraminlferal stages, chart: Savage, D. E., 1955 

Miocene, "Blakeley" and "Vaqueros Stages":

Addicott, W. O., 1967b

Miocene and Pliocene formations, Oregon and 

Washington: Addicott, W. O., 1966b; Hertlein 

L. G., and Crickmay, C. H., 1925 

Neogene: Dall, W. H., and Harris, G. D., 1892 

Oligocene and Miocene: Dall, W. H., 1898 

Oligocene and Miocene, Dosinia: Durham, J. W.,

1957b

Peru and California, Neogene: Olsson, A. A., 1932

Provincial megafaunal and microfaunal stages,

European relationships: Durham, J. W., 1960

Sooke and Vaqueros Formations, partial time

equivalence: Vanderhpof, V. L., 1942 

Tertiary basins, molluscan and foraminiferal

stages: Weaver, C. E., and others, 1944 

Turritella spp., stratigraphic ranges, chart:

Merriam, C. W., 1941 

Pacific Ocean

California and Japan, Asagian Stage and "Vaqueros Stage": Kobayashi, T., and Shikama, 

T., 1961

Northeast Pacific coast and Japan 

Oligocene and Miocene, similar species: Durham, J. W., and Sasa, Y., 1961 

Pectinids, Neogene: Masuda, K., 1962 

Pholadomya, California-Japan, Miocene species:

Omori, M., 1952 

Panama 

Miocene, Aquitainian Stage: Eames, F. E., and

others, 1962 

Washington 

Puget Trough

Clallam Formation: Stirton, R. A., 1960 

Oligocene and Miocene formations: Tegland

N. M., 1933 

Twin River Formation, upper part: Brown,

R. D., and others, 1960 

Faunal lists 

Alaska

Alaska Peninsula 

"Astoria group": Dall, W. H., and Harris,

G. D., 1892

Late Tertiary: Burk, C. A., 1965 

Miocene: Isbister, A. K., 1855 

Unga and Popof Islands: Dall, W. H., 1904 

Aleutian Islands, Kanaga and Tanaga Islands;

Fraser, G. D., and Barnett, H. F., 1959 

Arctic coast 

Carter Creek: Dall, W. H., 1920; Leffingwell,

E. de K., 1919 

Colville River area: Dall, W. H., 1920;

Schrader, F.C., 1904 

Bering Sea 

Bristol Bay, Nushagak Formation: Mertie

J. B., Jr., 1938 

Kivalina: Hopkins, D. M., and MacNeil, F. S.

1960 

Nome, "Submarine Beach": Hopkins, D. M.,

and others, 1960

Nome, buried beaches: MacNeil, F. S., and 

others, 1943
INDEX 183

Faunal lists Continued

Alaska Continued

Bering Sea Continued

Pribilof Islands: Earth, T. P. W., 1956; Cox

A. V., and others, 1966; Ball, W. H., 1899

1919; Stanley-Brown J., 1892

Gulf of Alaska

Katalla district, Kayak Island-Controlle

Bay: Martin, O. C., 1905, 1908 

Kodiak Island: Capps, S. R., 1937 

Lituya district, Ctenopah Island: Mertle,

J. B., Jr., 1931

Middleton Island: Miller,, D. J., 1953 

Yakataga district: MacNeil, F. S., 1957;

Maddern, A. G., 1914; Spurr, J. E., 1900 

British Columbia

Queen Charlotte Islands, Skonun Formation

Brown, A. S., 1968; Dawson, G. M., 1880

MacKenzie, J. D., 1916

Vancouver Island

Sooke Formation: Arnold, R., and Hannibal

H., 1913; Clapp, C. H., 1917; Cornwall, I. E

1922; Merriam, J. C., 1899

West Coast, Hesqulat-Nootka area: Jeletzky

J. A., 1954 

California 

Carrizo-Cuyaina basin: Carlson, S., and others

1951: English, W. A., 1916 

Central and northern, Pliocene: Martin, B., 1916 

Channel Islands 

San Miguel Island, Miocene formations: Bremner, C. St. J,, 1933; Weaver, D. W., and 

Doerner, D. P., 1969 

Santa Cruz Island, Miocene formations: 

Bereskln, S. R., and Edwards, L. N., 1969; 

Bremner, C. St. J., 1932; Rand, W. W., 1931; 

Weaver, D. W., and others, Ia69 

Santa Cruz Island, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Weaver, D, W., and Meyer, G. L., 

1969 

Santa Rosa Island: Avila, F. A., and Weaver,

D. W., 1969; Yates, L. G., 1890 

Coast Ranges

Diablo Range, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Dickinson, W. R., 1966b 

Hollister area, Purisima Formation: Rogers,

T. H., and others, 1967 

Northern, San Francisco Bay area, Miocene

formations: Weaver, C. E., 1949 

Northern, Sonoma County, Merced Formation: Cardwell, G. T., 1958; Dlckerson, 

R. E., 1922; Osmont, V. C., 1905; Travls, 

R. G., 1952 

Pliocene, index species: Woodring ."^W. P.,

1952 

Santa Margarlta Formation: Nomland, J. 0.,

1917c

Diablo Range

Northern, late Tertiary: Stewart, R. B., 1949 

San Benito quadrangle, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Wilson, I. F., 1943 

Eel River basin

Falor Formation: Mandra, Y. T., 1949; Manning, G. A., and Ogle, B. A., 1950 

Pliocene: Harmon, A. K., Jr., 1914

Faunal lists Continued 

California Continued 

Imperial basin

Carrizo Creek area: Kew, W. S. W., 1914;

Orcutt, C. R., 1901b; Vaughan, T. W., 1917

Imperial Formation: Popenoe, F. W., 1958;

Woodring, W. P., 1931b 

Pliocene: Orcutt, C. R., 1890 

Los Angeles basin

Downtown Los Angeles, Pliocene fauna: 

Soper, E. K., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1932; 

Watts, W. L., 1897; Willett, Q., 1946 

Fernando Formation: Arnold R., 1907c; 

Eaton, J. E.r 1926; Eldrldge, G. H., 1907a; 

Moody, C. L., 1916 

Northern, Modelo Formation: Dehllnger, P.,

1952 

Northern, Topanga Formation: Neuerberg,

G. J., 1953

Palos Verdes Hills, Monterey Shale: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1936, 1946 

Puente Formation: Arnold, R., 1907c 

Puente Hills, Repetto and Pico Formations:

Kundert, C. J., 1952

Puente Hills, Topanga and Fernando Formations: Durham, D. L., and Yerkes, R.F., 

1964; English, W. A., 1926 

Repetto Formation: Woodring, W. P., 1938 

San Juan Capistrano area, Niguel Formation:

Vedder, J. G., 1960 

Santa Ana Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Richmond, J. F., 1952 

Santa Monica Mountains, Miocene and Pilocene formations: Hoots, H. W., 1931 

Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga Formation: Arnold, R., 1907c; Soper, E. K., 1938 

Southern, Miocene formations: Woodford,

A. 0., 1925

Turritdla inezana and T. ocoyana zones: Dlckerson, R. E., 1914

Vaqueros Formation: Eaton, J. E., 1926 

Los Angeles and Ventura basins, Miocene and

Pliocene formations: Kew, W. S. W., 1924 

Mount Diablo embayment 

Berkeley Hills, Monterey Formation: Lawson,

A. C., and Palache, C., 1901 

Briones Formation: Crittenden, M. D., Jr.,

1961; Trask, P. D., 1922 

Cierbo Formation: Huey, A. S., 1948 

Hayward quadrangle, Miocene formations:

Robinson, G. D., 1956 

Kirker Formation, Tuff Member: Primmer,

S. R., 1964 

Kirker Pass area, San Pablo Formation: Clark,

B. L., 1912; Turner, H. W., 1891,1898 

Martlnez area, Miocene formations: Weaver,

C. E., 1953 

Miocene formations: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1958b;

Ham, C. K., 1952, Lawson, A. C., 1914 

Orinda Formation: Richey, K. A., 1943 

Oursan? Sandstone: Huey, A. S., 1948 

San Pablo Group: Clark, B. L., 1915a; Weaver,

C. E., 1909 

Sobrante Sandstone: Lutz, G. C., 1951
184 INDEX

Faunal lists Continued 

California Continued 

Mount Diablo embayment Continued

Temblor Formation: Crittenden, M. D., Jr.,

1951

Neogene formations: Whitney, J. D., 1865 

Northern, St., George Formation: Back, W., 1957 

Ostrea spp.: Orcutt, C. R., 1890 

Pacific Railroad Surveys: Blake, W. P., 1857 

Salinas basin

Adelaida quadrangle, Santa Margarita Formation: Smith, P.B., and Durham, D. L., 1968

Carmelo Bay, Monterey Formation: Lawson, 

A. C., 1893a

Carmel Valley area, Miocene formations: 

Bowen, 0. E. ( 1966; Fiedler, W. M., 1944

Monterey Formation, typearea: Hanna, G, D., 

1928; Martin, B., 1912

Monterey Shale: Durham, D. L., 1966

Pancho Rico Formation: Durham, D. L., 1963, 

1964, 1965b, 1966; Forrest, L. C., and Gribi, 

E. A., Jr., 1963; Mandra, Y. T., 1963

Santa Margarita Formation: Durham, D. L., 

1968b; Hawley, H. J., 1917

Temblor Formation: Hawley, H. J., 1917

Vaqueros Formation: Durham, D. L., 1965b;

Hamlin, H., 1904 

San Diego embayment

Pliocene or Pleistocene: Orcutt, C. R., 1889b

San Diego Formation: Arnold, R., and Arnold, 

D., 1902; Dall, W. H., 1879a, 1879b; Hertlein, 

L. G., and Grant, U. S., 4th, 1939, 1944b; 

Milow, E. D., and Ennis, D. B., 1961

San Diego Well: Dall, W. H., 1874; Ellis, A. J.,

and Lee, C. H., 1919; Orcutt, C. R., 1889c 

San Francisco peninsula, northern, Merced

Formation: Glen, W., 1959; Hall, N. T., 1965;

Lawson, A. C., 1893b, 1894 

San Joaquin basin

Diablo Range, Jacalitos Formation: Hay, E. 

C., 1963

Etchegoin Formation: Gester, G. C., 1917; 

Nomland, J. O., 1917a

Jacalitos Formation: Nomland, J. 0., 1916a

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1940

McLuro Shale: Barbat, W. F., and Johnson, 

F. L., 1934

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Watts, W. L., 

1894

Monocline Ridge, Temblor Formation: Zimmerman, J., Jr., 1944

Monterey Shale: Arnold, R., and Johnson, 

H. R., 1910

Northern, Moreno Gulch, Temblor? Formation: Stewart, R. B., and others, 1944

Priest Valley, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Rose, R. L., and Colburn, I. P., 1963

Priest Valley, Santa Margarita Formation: 

Henny, G., 1930

Reef Ridge, Miocene formations: Stewart, 

R. B., 1946

San Emigdio Mountains, Miocene formations: Wagner, C. M., and Schilling, K. H., 

1923

Faunal lists Continued 

California Continued 

San Joaquin basin Continued

Santa Margarita Formation: Adegoke, O. S. r 

1967b; Anderson, R., 1912; Clark, B. L., 

1916; Crowell, J. C., 1952a; Savage, D. E., 

1955

Southeastern, Miocene formations: Addicott, 

W. 0., 1965b

Southern border, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Hoots, H. W., 1930

Tejon Hills, Miocene formations: Clark, B. L., 

1916; Merriam, J. C., 1916; Savage, D. E., 

1955

Temblor Formation: Atwill, E. R., 1935; 

Dickinson, W. R., 1963

Temblor Formation, type area: Anderson, 

F. M., 1905; Curran, J. F., 1943

Temblor Range, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Foss, C. D., and Blaisdell, R., 1968.

Vacqueros Formation: Arnold, R., and Johnson, H. R., 1910; Barbat, W. F., and von 

Estorff, F. E., 1933 

San Luis Obispo County, Miocene formations:

Hall, C. A., Jr., and Surdam, R. C., 1967 

Santa Cruz Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene.

formations: Ashley, G. H., 1895a, 1895b; Branner, J. C., and others, 1909; Cummings, J. C.,

and others, 1962; Haehl, H. L., and Arnold, R.,

1904

Santa Lucia Range, northern, Miocene formations: Trask, P. D., 1926 

Santa Maria basin

Fernando Formation: Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., 1907a; Collom, R. E., 1918

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Hall, C. A., 

and Corbato, C. E., 1967; Woodring, W. P., 

and Bramlette, M. N., 1950; Woodring, W. P. 

and others, 1945

Vaqueros Formation: Arnold, R., and Anderson, R., 1907a 

Southeastern, Blythe area, Bouse Formation

Metzger, D. G., 1969 

Southern

Cajon Pass area, Vaqueros Formation: van 

Amringe, J. H., and Kilkenny, J. E., 1964

Neenach quadrangle, Santa Margarita Formation: Wiese, J. H., 1950

San Raphael Mountains, Miocene formationsr

Vedder, J. G., and others, 1967 

Temblor Formation: Loel, W., and Corey,.

W. H., 1932

Temblor Range: Anderson, F. M., 1903 

Transverse Ranges:

Cajon Pass area, Vaqueros Formation: van 

Amringe, J. H., and Kilkenny, J. E., 1964

Neenach quadrangle, Santa Margarita Formation: Wiese, J. H., 1950

San Raphael Mountains, Miocene formations:. 

Vedder, J. G., and others, 1967

Santa Ynez Mountains, eastern, "Temblor" 

Formation: Page, B. M., and others, 1951.

Santa Ynez Mountains, Miocene and Plioceneformations: Antisell, T., 1865a; Dibblee,. 

T. W., Jr., 1950,1966a
INDEX 185

Faunal lists Continued 

California Continued 

Transverse Ranges Continued 

Santa Ynez Mountains, Vaqueros Formation:

Kleinpell, R. M., and Weaver, D. W., 1963a 

Upper Sespe Creek area, Miocene formations:

Dickinson, W. R., 1969; Dickinson, W. R.,

and Lowe, D. R., 1966 

Vaqueros Formation: Loel, W., and Corey,

W. H., 1932 

Ventura basin

Eastern, Castaic Formation: Stanton, R. J.,

Jr., 1966,1967a 

;Eastern, Fernando Formation: English,

W. A., 1914b 

;Eastern, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L., 1962 

^Eastern, "Modelo" Formation: Jahns, R. H.,

1940 

3Eaatern, Modelo? Formation: Durham, J. W.,

1948a; Wright, L. A., 1948 

lEastern, San Fernando quadrangle, Miocene

and Pliocene formations: Oakeshott, O. B.,

1958

;Fernando Group: Eaton, J. E., 1928; Waterfall, L. N., 1929 

'ias Posas area, Fernando Formation: Pressler, E. D., 1929 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Bowers, S.,

1888,1890b 

iModelo Formation: Hudson, F. S., and Craig,

E. K., 1929

iMonterey Formation: Arnold, R., 1907b 

iSanta Clara Valley, Miocene and Pliocene

.formations: Eldridge, 0. H., 1907b 

iSimi Valley, Fernando Formation: Woodring,

W. P., 1930b 

\Vaqueros Formation: Cushman, J. A., and

.LeRoy, L. W., 1938 

(Central America 

vCosta Rica, Carballo area: Haas, O., 1942;

.Romanes, J., 1912

^Nicaragua, El Salto Formation: Hoylinan, H. 

W., and Chilingar,,G. V., 1965; Rivera, N. P., 

1965 

;Mcxico

JBaja California 

Boleo copper district, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Touwaide, M. E., 1930; Wilson, I. F., and Rocha, V. S., 1955 

JMiocene and Pliocene: Beal, C. H., 1948 

Northeastern, San Felipearea: Hortlein, L. G.,

1968 

'Northwestern,, Cantil Costero Formation:

HertJein, L. G,, and Allison, E. C., 1959 

.Northwestern, Rosarita Beach area: Minch,

J. A., 1907 

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations: Hertlein,

L. G., 1931a 

Punta Rosalia area: Emerson, W. K., and

Hertlein, L. G., 1960 

San Jose del Cabo region, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Pantoja Alor, J., and Carrillo

Bravo, J., 1966 

Santa Rosalia area, Pliocene formations:

Wilson, I. F., 1948

Faunal lists Continued 

Mexico Con tinued 

Baja California Continued 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene formations: 

Hertlein, L. G., 1966; Mina U., F., 1957 

Southern, Purisima Nueva Formation: 

Arnold, R., and Clark, B. L., 1917; Helm, A., 

1922

West coast, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Hertlein, L. G., and Jordan, E. K., 1927;

Jordan, E. K., and Hortlein, L. G., 1926a

West coast, Turtle Bay: Hertlein, L. G., 1933

Gulf of California

Islands, Pliocene localities: Emerson, W. K.,

and Hertlein, L. G., 1964 

San Esteban and Ceralbo Islands, Pliocene:

Hertlein, L. G., 1957

Tres Marias Islands, Pliocene localities: Hortlein, L. G., and Emerson, W. K., 1959; 

Jordan, E. K., and Hertlein, L. G., 1926b 

Oregon 

Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation:

Isbister, A. K., 1855 

Astoria Formation: Arnold, R., and Hannibal,

H., 1913; Moore, E. J., 1963 

Coos Bay embayment, Empire Formation:

Weaver, C. E., 1945 

Miocene and Pliocene formations, locality map:

Diller, J. S., 1896 

Newport ombaymont 

Astoria Formation: Suavely, P. D., Jr., and

Vokes, H. E., 1949; Steore, M. L., 1954 

Miocene formations: Packard, E. L., and Kellogg, R., 1934; Vokes, H. E., and others, 1949 

Yaquina Formation: Snavely, P. D., Jr., and

Vokes, H. E., 1949 

Northwestern 

Miocene formations: Warren, W. C., and others,

1915; Washburne, C. W., 1914 

Scappoose Formation: Trimble, D. E., 1963; 

Warren, W. C., and Norbisrath, H., 1946; 

Wilkinson, W. D., and others, 1946 

Southwestern, Port Orford area: Koch, J. G.

1966 

Tillamook embaymcnt, Cape Lookout, Astoria

Formation: Manguni, D., 1967 

Pacific Coast 

California and Oregon, Miocene: Meek, F. B.,

1864

Oregon and Washington, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H., 

1913; Hertlein, L. G., and Crickmay, C. H., 

1925

Washington 

Grays Harbor basin 

Astoria and Montesano Formations: Etherington, T. J., 1931 

Centralia-Chehalis area, Miocene formations:

Snavoly, P. D., Jr., and others, 1958 

Olympic Peninsula

Western, Hoh Formation: Arnold, R., 1906a; 

Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H., 1913; Durham, J. W., 1944; Palmer, R. H., 1927b; 

Reagan, A. B., 1909,1910 

Western, Quillayute Formation: Reagan, A. 

B., 1909
186 INDEX

Faunal lists Continued 

Washington Continued 

Olympic Peninsula Continued 

Western, Quinault Formation: Arnold, R.,

1906a

Puget Trough

Clallam Formation: Tegland, N. M., 1929 

Twin River Formation: Durham, J. W., 194 

Western 

Miocene formations, faunal zones: Weaver, C

E., 1912,1916b, 1916C 

Post-Eocene formations, faunal zones: Weavei

C. E., 1916a 

Faunal records 

Alaska

Alaska Peninsula 

Cape Seniavin, Mytilusmiddendorffi: Gratacap

L. P., 1912

Miocene: Eichwald, E. von, 1871 

Aleutian Islands 

Adak Island: Coats, R. R., 1947a, 1947b, 196 

Amchitka Island: Coats, R. R., 1947b 

Unalaska Island: Drewos, H., and others, 196 

Bering Sea

Continental shelf, Zemchug and Pribiloff 

Canyons: Hopkins, D. M., and others, 1969 

Kivalina area: McCulloch, D. S., 1967 

Nome: Brooks, A. H., 1921 

Pribilof Islands: Dawson, G. M., 1894; El

liott, H. S., 1875; Hanna, G D., 1919 

Gulf of Alaska 

Katalla district, Katalla Formation: Martin

G. C., 1921; Miller, D. J., 1951 

Lituya district: La Perouse, J. F. de G., 1797 

Malaspina district, Yakataga Formation:

Plafker, G., and Miller, D. J., 1957 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Brooks, 

A. H., 1906; Dall, W. H., 1882; Plafker, G. 

1967

Mount St. Elias area: Russell, I. C., 1891,1893 

Yakataga district, Miocene formations: Taliaferro, N. L., 1932,1933 

Kodiak, Sitkinak, and Tugidak Islands: Moore,

G. W., 1969 

Arizona

Colorado River area: Smith, P. B., 1968b 

Lower Gila region: Ross, C. P., 1923 

Yuma County 

Pliocene, Bouse Formation, Bittium: Blanchard, R. C., 1913 

Southern, brackish-water taxa: Wilson, E. D.,

1931

British Columbia 

Queen Charlotte Islands, Skonun Formation:

Martin, H. A., and Rouse, G. E., 1966 

Vancouver Island 

Sooke area, Carrnanah Point: Merriam, J. C.,

1896 

Southwestern: Richardson, J., 1878; Webster,

A., 1906

West coast, Tatchu Point: Jeletzky, J. A., 1950 

California

Carrizo-Cuyama basin

Caliente Range, Miocene formations: Vedder 

J. G., and Repenning, C. A., 1965

Faunal records Continued 

California Continued 

Carrizo-Cuyama basin Continued 

Fox Mountain quadrangle, Miocene formations: Vedder, J. G., 1968 

Miocene, characteristic species: Hill, M. L., 

and Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1947; Hill, M. L., 

and others, 1958

Miocene, mollusk-nonmarine vertebrate correlations: Dougherty, J. F., 1940 

Santa Margarita Formation: Hackel, O., and

others, 1962 

Turriteila ocoyana; Cushman, J. A., and

Laimlng, B., 1931

Vaqueros Formation: Pierce, R. L., 1962 

Catalina Island, Miocene formations: Shepard, 

F. P., and others, 1939; Smith, W. S. T., 1897 

Channel Islands

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Kennett, 

W. E., 1952; Weaver, D. W., ed., and others, 

1969 

Santa Cruz Island: Bereskin, S. R., 1969;

Doerner, D. P., 1969 

Santa Rosa Island, Miocene formations: Kew,

W. S. W., 1927 

Coast Ranges

Huasna area, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Anderson, T. I., and Crawford, F. D., 1956

Late Tertiary: Blake, W. P., 1856; Trask, J. B.,

1855b

Neogene formations, characteristic species: 

McLaughlin, R. P., and Waring, C. A., 1914; 

Reed, R. D., 1933

Northern, Del Norte County, Miocene and 

Pliocene formations: Maxson, J. H., 1933; 

Moore, G. W., and Silver, E. A., 1968 

Northern, Gualala area: Peck, J. H., Jr., 1957 

Northern, Miocene and Pliocene formations: 

Clark, S. G., 1940; Diller, J. S., 1902; Irwin, 

W. P., 1960 

Northern, Napa County, Carneros Creek:

Morse, R. R., and Bailey, T. L., 1935 

Northern, Sonoma County, Merced Formation: Stirton, R. A., 1936; Gealey, W. K., 1951 

Northern, Sonoma County, Ohlson Ranch 

Formation: Higgins, G. C., 1957, 1960 

Northern, Sonoma County, Petaluma? Formation: Morse, R. R., and Bailey, T. L., 1935 

Northern, Sonoma County, Petaluma Formation, brackish-water species: Hanna, G D., 

1923; Taylor, D. W., 1966 

Pacific Railroad Surveys, fossil localities:

Blake, W. P., 1855 

Phosphatic facies, Miocene: Diekert, P. F.,

1966

Southern, Miocene formations: Fairbanks, 

H. W., 1894b, 1895,1898; Richards, G. L., Jr., 

1936 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Hanna, G D., 1966; Waring, C. A., 1914 

Colorado River area, brackish-water assemblages: Smith, P. B., 1960b, 1968b 

Diablo Range 

Miocene genera: Turner, H. W., and Stanton,

T. W., 1894 

Parkfleld area: Dlcklnson, W. R., 1966a
:INDEX 187

Faunal records Continued 

California Continued 

Diablo Kange Continued . Quien Sabe quadrangle: Leith, C. J., 1949 

San Jose area: Rose, R. L., 1965

 ' Eel River basin

Moonstone Beach: Alllson, E. C., and others,

1962; Durham, J. W., 1943; Zullo, V. A., 1961 

 Wildcat Group: Irwin, W. P., 1960; Ogle, B. A.,

1943,1961b 

Eiilia, Pliocene species: Ball, W. H., 1918 

Imperial basin

Blythe area: Hamilton, W., 1960 

Carrizo Creek: Arnold, R., 1904; Bowers, S.,

1901; Merrill, F. J. H., 1914; Orcutt, C. R.,

1889a, 1901a 

Carrizo Mountain: Fairbanks, H. W., 1893a;

Mendenhall, W. C., 1910 

Coyote Mountain: Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1961 

Crassostrea: Stearns, R. E. C., 1879 

Imperial Formation: Alien, C. R., 1957;

Mansfield, W. C., 1932 

Indlo Hills: Buwalda, J. P., and Stanton, W.

L., 1930

San Gorgonio Pass: Vaughan, F. E., 1918,1922 

Los Angeles basin 

Baldwin Hills: Tieje, A. J., 1926 

Deadman's Island: Crickmay, C. H., 1929 

Downtown Los Angeles: Hertlein, L. G., 1952;

Martin, L., 1952; Soper, E. K., and Grant,

U. S., 4th ,1933; Stearns, R. E. C., 1900 

Eastern, Santa Ana Narrows, Topanga Formation: Gray, C. H., Jr., 1961 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Arnold, R.,

1907a; Eldrldge, G. H., and Arnold, R., 1907;

Merriam, J. C., 1900; Watts, W. L., 1900

 Miocene, characteristic species: Natland, M.

L., and Rothwell, W. T., Jr., 1954 

Orange County: Adams, B. C., 1932 

Orange County, Capistrano Formation:

White, W. R., 1956

Palos Verdes Hills: Woodring, W. P., 1936a; 

Woodrlng, W. P., and Kew, W. S. W., 1932; 

Woodring, W. P., and others, 1935 

Pholad borings: Edwards, E. C., 1934 

Puente Hills, Fernando Formations: Daviess, 

S. N., and Woodford, A. 0., 1949; Yerkes, R. 

F., 1960 

San Joaquin Hills, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Vedder, J. G., and others, 1957 

Santa Ana Mountains: Bowers, S., 1890a 

Santa Monica Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Rivers, J. J., 1904; Schoellhamer, 

J. E., and others, 1962; Schoellhamer, J. E., 

and Yerkes, R. F., 1961; Woodford, A. O., 

and Bailey, T. L., 1928; Yerkes, R. F.,and 

others, 1964 

Santa Monica Mountains, Modelo Formation:

Pierce, R. L., 1956; Woodring, W. P., 1930a 

Southeastern, Topanga Formation: Smith, P.

B., 1960a

Topanga Formation: Alllson, R. C., 1965 

Tresus fajaroanus: Fitch, J. E., and Reimer, 

R. D., 1967

Faunal records Continued 

California Continued 

Los Angeles basin Continued 

Turritella' inezana and T. ocoyana faunas: 

Schoellhamer, J. E., arid Woodford, A. 0., 

1951

Miltha, Miocene appearance: Vokes, H. E., 1969

Miocene and Pliocene, characteristic species:

Harma, G D., and Hertlein, L. G., 1941;

Vander Leek, L., 1921

Mojave Desert, Antelope Valley area: Dlbblee,

T. W., Jr., 1967 

Monterey Formation, common species: Bramlette, M. N., 1946 

Mount Diablo embayment 

Brlones Formation: Trask, P. D., 1921 

Miocene formations: Clark, B. L., 1913; Cruess, 

W. V., 1914; Kew, W. S. W., and Stoner, R. C. 

1913; Tyson, P. T., 1850

Oursan Sandstone: Rensenberger, J. M., 1969 

San Jose area: Templeton, E. C., 1913 

San Ramon Formation: Schenck, H. G., and

Reinhart, P. W., 1936 

Nassarius californianus, range extension: Rivers,

J. J., 1891

Neogene mollusks: Whitney, J. D., 1805 

Northern, continental shelf, Wildcat Formation:

Hanna, G D., 1952

Ostrea titan: Hertlein, L. G., 1959; Nicol, D., 1964 

Ostreldae, Neogene species: Heilprin, A., 1884;

White, C. A., 1884 

Salinas basin

Adelaida quadrangle, Miocene formations:

Durham, D. L., 1965a; Wilson, R. R., 1931

Bradley-San Miguel area, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Taliaferro, N. L., 1943 

La Panza Range, Santa Margarita Formation: 

Reed, R. D., 1925; Richards, G. L., Jr., 1935 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Bramlette, 

M. N., and Daviess, S. N., 1944; Taggart, L., 

and Kraotsch, R. B., 1963 

Monterey Bay area, Monterey Shale: Starke,

F. W., and Howard, A. D., 1968 

Ostrea titan; Fairbanks, H. W., 1894a; Hughes,

A. W., 1963 

Pancho Rico Formation: Durham, D. L.,

1968a; Herold, C. L., 1937 

Rellz Canyon, Miocene formations: Klelnpell,

R. M., 1930

San Lucas area: Richards, G. L., Jr., 1935 

Santa Lucia Range, Vaqueros Formation: 

Schenck, H. G., and Childs, T. S., Jr., 

1942

Santa Margarita Formation: Durham, D. L., 

1968a; English, W. A., 1918; Fairbanks, 

H. W., 1904

Vaqueros Formation: Fairbanks, H. W., 1904;

Taliaferro, N. L., and Schenck, H. G., 1933

Vaqueros Formatlpn, type section: Kilkenny,

J. E., 1948; Kleinpell, R. M., and others, 1967

San Clemente Island, Miocene formations:

 Mitchell, E. D., Jr., and Llpps, J. H., 1965;

Olmstead, F. H., 1958; Smith, W. S. T., 1893

San Diego embayment

Pliocene: Fairbanks, H. W., 1893b; Hanna, 

M. A., 1926
188 INDEX

Faunal records Continued 

California Continued 

San Diego embayment Continued 

San Diego Formation: Emerson, W. K., and 

Addicott, W. O., 1953; Hertlein, L. G., and 

Grant, U. S., 4th, 1943

San Diego Formation, characteristic species:

Frazier, K., 1968; Hertlein, L. G., and

Grant, U. S., 4th, 1954; Moore, E. J., 1968

£!an Francisco Bay area, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Hertlein, L. G., 1951 

.San Francisco peninsula, northern, Merced Formation: Louderback, G. D., 1951 

San Joaquin basin

Devil's Den-McLure Valley, Miocene formations: Brooks, T. J., and others, Iy55 

Diablo Range, Cantua-Panoche area: Anderson, R., 1911 

Diablo Range, Miocene formations: Anderson,

R., and Pack, R. W., 1915 

Diablo Range, San Pablo Formation: Briggs,

L. 1., Jr., 1953 

Elk Hills, Etchegoin Formation: Woodring,

W. P., and others, 1932

Kern River area, Miocene formations: Clark, 

" A., 1937; Church, C. C., 1958; Hackel, O., 

and Krammes, K., 1958; Hake, B. F., 1926; 

Keen, A. M., 1939

 Kern River area, Sharktooth Hill: Hanna, 

G D., 1930; Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1965

Kettleman Hills, Etchegoin Formation: 

Nations, J. D., 1968

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., 1936b

 Miocene and Pliocene formations: Watts, W. 

L., 1900; Woodring, W. P., 1926b

 Northern, Moreno Gulch, "Temblor" Formation: Payne, M. B., 1951

 Priest Valley area: Flynn, D. B., 1963; Pack, 

" R. W., and English, W. A., 1915 

Reef Ridge, Miocene formations: Durham, J.

W., 1957; Bramlette, M. N., 1934; Von

Estorfl, F. E., 1930 

Reef Ridge Shale: Siegfus, S. S., 1939 

.San Emigdio Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: DeLise, K. C., 1967; Dibblee,

T. W., Jr., 1961; Marks, J. G., 1943; Pack, R.

W., 1920 

'Temblor Formation: Henny, G., 1927

 Temblor Range, Chico Martinez Creek, Miocene formations: Stinemeyer, E. S., and 

others, 1959

 Temblor Range, Crocker Flat area: Simonson, 

R. R., and Kreuger, M. L., 1942

 Temblor Range, Miocene formations: Barbat, 

W. F., and Weymouth, A. A., 1931; Elliott, 

W. J., and others, 1988; English, W. A., 1921; 

Hanna, G D., 1936; Heikkila, H. H., and 

MacLeod, G. M., 1951; Marsh, 0. T., 1960

 Temblor Range, San Joaquin Formation: 

Church, C. C., 1968

 Tulare County, subsurface, Pliocene: Klausing, R. L., and Lohman, K. E., 1964

 Tumey Hills, Temblor Formation: Schoellhamer, J. E., and Kinney, D. M., 1953

 ^Western, Miocene Formations: Henny, G., 1927

Faunal records Continued 

California Continued 

Santa Cruz Mountains

Miocene formations: Arnold, R., 1908a; Brabb, 

E. E., 1964; Fairchild, W. W., and others, 1969

New Almaden district: Becker, G. F., 1888; 

Bush, J. B., 1931

Palo Alto quadrangle, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Arnold, R., 1901; Dibblee, T. 

W., Jr., 1966b; Page, B. M., and Tabor, L. 

L., 1967

San Juan Bautista quadrangle, Miocene and 

Pliocene formations: Alien, J. E., 1946

Santa Cruz area, Purisima Formation: Addicott, W. O., 1966a 

Santa Maria basin

Huasna area, Miocene formations: Hughes, 

A. W., 1956

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Arnold, R., 

and Anderson, R., 1907b; Fairbanks, H. W., 

: . 1896

Obispo Formation: Hall, C. A., and others, 

1966

Sisquoc Formation: Porter, W. W., II, 1932 

Southern

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Dall, W. H., 

1925; Jahns, R. H., ed., 1954; Perilliat Montoya, M. C., 1968; Reed, R. D., and Hollister, 

J. H., 1936

Vaqueros and Modelo Formations, characteristic species: Kew, W. S. W., 1923 

Thyasira spp.: Dall, W. H., 1901 

Transverse Ranges

Cajon Pass area, Vaqueros Formation: Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1967; Woodring, W. P., 1942

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Antisell, T., 

1856b; Hughes, A. W., 1947; Kew, W. S. W.- 

1919; Nelson, R. N., 1925

Santa Ynez Mountains, "Temblor Stage": 

Keenan, M. F., 1932

Santa Ynez Mountains, Vaqueros Formation: 

Bailey, T. L., 1952a; Bandy, O. L., and 

Kolpack, K. N., 1963; Kleinpell, R. N., and 

Weaver, Di W., 1963b; Simonson, R. R., 

1952; Trefzger, R. E., and others, 1952; 

Weaver, D. W.,-1965; Wilson, E. J., 1954

Upper Sespe Creek area, Santa Margarita Formation: Ingle, J. C., Jr., 1969; Lowe, D. R., 

1969

Vaqueros Formation: Loel, W. F., 1918 

Ventura basin

Big Mountain oil field area, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Hall, E. A., and Redin, T., 

1967

Eastern, Miocene and Pliocene formations: 

Hershey, .0. H., 1902; Winterer, E. L., 1956; 

Winterer, E. L., and Durham,'D. L., 1958

Eastern, Modelo? Formation: White, R. C. 

and Buffington, E.G., 1948

Eastern, Ridge Basin Group: Crowell, J. C., 

1952

Fillmore area: Miocene and Pliocene formations: Eschner, S., 1969

Los Sauces Creek, Vaqueros Formation: 

Redwine, L. E., and others, 1952
INDEX- 189

Faunal records Continued 

California Continued 

Ventura basin Continued 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Carson, 

C. M., 1965; Cartwright, L. D., Jr., 1928; 

Eldridge,' O. H., and Arnold, R., 1907; 

Merriam, J. C., 1900; Redwine, L. E., chm., 

and others, 1952 

Pico Formation: Boss, K. J., and Merrill,

A. S., 1965

Pliocene, fossil localities: Hazzard, J. C., 1947 

Rincon Creek, Santa Barbara Formation:

Redwine, L. E., 1957 

Santa Barbara Formation: Grant, U. S., 4th,

and Hertlein, L. G., 1941 

South Mountain, Pico Formation: Yeats,

R. S., 1965

Vaqueros Formation: Corey, W. H., 1929;

Crowell, J. C., 1960; Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 1952

Vaqueros Formation, Pecten sespeensis var.

hydei: Bailey, T. L., 1952a 

Ventura River area, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Bailey, T. L., 1952b 

Mexico

Baja California

Boleo district: Aguilera, J. C., 1907 

Cape region, Miocene and Pliocene pectinids: 

Lindsay, G. E., 1965; Normark, W. R., and 

Curray, J. R., 1968

Cape region, Tertiary strata: Wittich, E., 1911

Cedros Island: Aguilera, J. C., 1907; Gabb,

W. M., 1869b; Hanna, G D., 1926a; Kilmer,

F. H., 1968

La Purisima area, Ysidro Formation: Kilmer,

F. H., 1905 

Northeastern, San Felipe area: Walker, T. R.,

1967

1 Northwestern, Miocene?: Minch, J/A., 1966 

Northwestern, San 'Diego Formation: Rowland, R. W., 1988 

San Quintiu bay: Emmons, S. F., and Merrill,

G. P., 1894

Southern, Almejas Formation: Mina, U. F., 

 1956

Gulf of California 

Ceralbo Island: 'Galvez, V., 1927 

General: Grewingk, C., 1848 

Neogene localities: Hanna, G D., and Hertlein, L. G., 1927a 

Maria Madre Island: Grayson, A. J., 1872;

Hanna, G D., 1927; Nelson, E. W., 1899 

West coast: Barton, N. H., 1921 

North America 

Pacific' coast, Miocene and Pliocene species:

Grabau, A., and Shinier, H. W., 1909 

Oregon

' Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Dodds, 

B. R., 1963; Smith, W. D. P., and Packard, 

'E. L., 1919; White, C. A., 1889 

Astoria Formation: Cope, E. D., 1880; Dana,

J. D., 1849; Emerson, W. K., 1958 

Characteristic megafossils, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Baldwin, E. M., 1959 

' Coast Ranges, Miocene and Pliocene formations, 

correlation chart: Wilkinson, W. D., 1959 

468-965 72 13

Faunal records Continued - 

Oregon Continued 

Continental shelf, dredged material: Fowler,

G. A., 1966 Coos Bay embaymeut

Coos Bay, dredged material: James, E. L.,"l950 

Dosinia: Baldwin, E. M., 1966 

Empire Formation: Dall, W. H., 1907; Diller, 

J. S., 1901; Hertlein, L. G., 1960: Steore, M. L.,

1955 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Ehlen, J.,

1967

Newport embayment 

Miocene formations: Schenck, H. G., 1927;

Snavely, P. D., Jr., and others, 1964 

Psephaea, midden occurrence: Simon, L. F.,

and Reed, C. A.,1945 

Yaquina Formation: Harrison and Eaton

[firm], 1920 

Northwestern, Willamette Valley: Peck, D. L.,

and others, 1984 

Southwestern

Bandon area, beach drift: Baldwin, E. M., 1961 

Cape Blanco, Elk River Beds: Janda, R. J.,

1969; Zullo, V. A., 1961

Cape Blanco, Empire Formation: Bandy, 

O. L., 1950; Diller, J. S., 1902, 1903; Dott, 

R. H., Jr., 1962 

Capo Blanco, Port Orford Formation:

Baldwin, E. M., 1945; Bandy, 0. L., 1950 

Pacific coast 

Amphineuran genera, Neogone occurrences:

Smith, A. G., 1960

Aturia angustata: Kummel, B., 1956; Miller, A.

K., 1947; Miller, A. K., and Downs, H. R., 1950

Brachiopods and mollusks, co-occurrences:

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U.S., 4th, 1944a 

Echinoids and mollusks, co-occurrences: Grant,

U. S., 4th, and Hertlein, L. G., 1938 

Holocene Pectinidae, Neogene occurrences:

Hertlein, L. G., 1935 

Mya, new and oldest occurrences: Adegoke,

O. S. 1967e 

Neogene localities, fossil illustrations: Ransome,

J. E., 1964 

Neogene species: Davies, A. M., 1935; Fenton,

 C. L., and Fenton, M. A., 1958 

Pholadid genera, geologic ranges: Turner, R. D.,

1954 

"Teredo," Miocene occurrences: Durham, J. W.,

and Zullo, V. A., 1961 

Thracia spp.: Dall, W. H., 1915 

Turridae, Miocene and Pliocene genera: Powell,

A. W. B., 1966 

Washington and Oregon, characteristic mollusks:

Weaver, C. E., 1937 

Washington 

Astoria embayment, Miocene formations: Wolfe,

E. W., and McKee, E. H., 1968 

Doty-Minot Peak area, Miocene formations:

Pease, M. H., and Hoover, L., 1957 

Fossil localities: Livingston, V. E., Jr., 1959 

Olympic Peninsula

Western, Hoh and Quillayiite Formations: 

Palmer, R. IT., 1927a
190 INDEX

Faunal records Continued 

Washington Continued 

. Olympic Peninsula Continued

Western, Miocene, Browns Point Formation:

Glover, S. L., 1940

Puget Trough, Twin River Formation: Jackson, H. E., 1966; Brown, R. D., Jr., and 

Qower, H. p., 1958

Southwestern, Bruceport: Landes, H., 1902 

Western, Aturia; Weaver, C. E., 1914 

Geochronology 

California

Continental vertebrate-marine mollusk relationships: Durham, J. W., and others, 1954 

Late Miocene, vertebrate-marine mollusk relationships: Durham, J. W., and Savage, 

D. E., 1954 

Miocene 

Vaqueros Formation, Lyellian correlation:

Keen, A. M., 1942 

Vaqueros Formation, pectinid evidence:

Cox, L. R., 1942 

Miocene-Pliocene boundary 

Molluscan correlation: Stanton, R. J., Jr.,

1967b

San Joaquin basin: Adegoke, O. S., 1967d

Santa Cruz Mountains: Clark, J. C., 1968a

Neogene, time-stratigraphic subdivisions:

Arnold, R., 1906b; Smith, J. P., 1910 

Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary: Gale, H. R., 

1931; Schenck, H. G., and Keen, A. M., 1940a 

Southern, molluscan "stages": Durham, J. W.,

1964

Methods 

Tertiary, percentage of living species, discussion:

Keen, A. M., 1940 

Pacific coast

Miocene, vertebrate-molluscan-foraminiferal 

chronologies, chart: Mitchell, E. D., Jr., and 

Repenning, C. A., 1963 

Oligocene faunal units, relationship to Miocene:

Clark, B. L., and Arnold, R., 1918a 

Oregon and Washington, Neogene, faunal units:

Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H., 1913 

Tertiary, correlation chart, characteristic mollusks: Clark, B. L., 1921a 

Tertiary, invertebrate stages: Weaver, C. E.,

and others, 1944 

Mexico 

Bibliography 

Baja California, geographical and scientific

reports, 1636-1964: Barrett, E. C., 1967 

Biostratlgraphy 

Baja California 

Neogene faunas, general account: Anonymous,

1924 

Northwestern, post-Miocene: Allison, E. C.,

1965 

Gulf of California, peninsular coast, islands:

Anderson, C. A., 1950 

Correlation 

Baja California, Neogene: Allison, E. C., 1964;

Durham, J. W., and Allison, E. C., 1960 

Gulf of California, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Durham, J. W., 1940b

Mexico Continued 

Faunal lists 

Baja California 

Boleo copper district, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Touwaide, M. E., 1930; Wilson,

L F., and Rocha, V. S., 1955 

Miocene and Pliocene: Beal, C. H., 1948 

Northeastern, San Felipe area: Hertlein,

L. G., 1968 

Northwestern, Cantil Costero Formation:

Hertlein, L. G., and Allison, E. C., 1959 

Northwestern, Rosarita Beach area: Minch,

J. A., 1967 

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations: Hertlein,

L. G.,1931a 

Punta Rosalia area: Emerson, W. K., and

Hertlein, L. G., 1960

San Jose del Cabo region, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Pantoja Alor, J., and

Carrillo Bravo, J., 1966 

Santa Rosalia area, Pliocene formations:

Wilson, I. F., 1948 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Hertlein, L. G., 1966; Mina, U. F., 1957 

Southern, Purisima Nueva Formation: Arnold, R., and Clark, B. L., 1917; Heim, A.,

1922 

West coast, Miocene and Pliocene formations:

Hertlein, L. G., and Jordan, E. K., 1927;

Jordan, E. K., and Hertlein L. G.. 1926a 

West coast, Turtle Bay: Hertlein, L. G., 1933 

Gulf of California 

Islands, Pliocene localities: Emerson, W. K.,

and Hertlein, L. G., 1964 

San Esteban and Ceralbo Islands, Pliocene:

Hertlein, L. G., 1957

Tres Marias Islands, Pliocene localities: Hertlein, 

L. G., and Emerson, W. K., 1959; Jordan, E. K., 

and Hertlein, L. G., 1926b 

Faunal records 

Baja California

Boleo district: Aguilera, J. C., 1607 

Cape region, Miocene and Pliocene pectinids:

Lindsay, G. E., 1965; Nonnark, W. R., and

Curray, J. R., 1968

Cape region, Tertiary strata: Wittich, E., 1911 

Cedros Island: Aguilera, J. C., 1907; Gabb, W.

M., 1869b; Hanna, G D., 1926a; Kilmer,

F. H., 1968

La Purisima area, Ysidro Formation: Kilmer, F. H., 1965 

Northeastern, San Felipe area: Walker, T. R.,

1967

Northwestern, Miocene?: Minch, J. A., 1966 

Northwestern, San Diego Formation:

Rowland, R. W., 1968 

San Qulntln bay: Emmons, S. F., and Merril, G. P., 1894 

Southern, Almejas Formation: Mina U., F.,

1956

Gulf of California 

Ceralbo Island: Galvez, V., 1927 

General: Grewingk, C., 1848 

Neogene localities: Hanna, G D., and Hertlein,

L. Q., 1927a
INDEX

Mexico Continued 

Faunal records Continued 

Maria Madre Island: Orayson, A. J., 1872; 

Hanna, G D., 1927; Nelson, E. W., 1899 

West coast: Barton, N. H., 1921 

Paleoecology 

Baja California, northwestern, San Diego

Formation: Rowland, R. W., 1968 

Gulf of California, ecologic data, Holocene:

Keen, A. M., 1968; Parker, R. H., 1964 

Paleogeography

Baja California, Miocene and Pliocene, maps: 

Allison, E. C., 1964; Durham, J. W., and 

Alllson, E. C., 1960 

Systematic descriptions 

Baja California

Cedros Island: Gabb, W. M., 1866 

Northwestern, Cantil Costero Formation: 

Hertlein, L. G., and Allison, E. C., 1959 

Ostrea spp.: Hertlein, L. G., 1929c, 1966 

Pectinids: Hertlein, L! G., 1925b, 1966 

West coast, Miocene species: Hertlein, L. G., 

. and Jordan, E. K., 1927 

Gulf of California, Pliocene species: Durham,

J. W., 1950b 

Maria Madre Island, Pecten spp.: Jordan, E. K.,

and Hertlein, L. G., 1926b 

Zoogeography

Miocene, Gulf of Tehuantepec, Caribbean

affinities: Durham, J. W., and others, 1956

Neogene faunas, Gulf of California, tropical

origins: Parker, R. H., 1964 

Venericardia, faunal migration, late Cenozoic:

Heaslip, W. G., 1968 

Monographs of genera 

Alaska

Pecten s.l.: MacNeil, F. S., 1967 

California

Haliotis, Miocene species: Cox, K. W., 1962 

Pecten s.l.: Arnold, R., 1906b 

North America

dementia: Woodring, W. P., 1926 

Pacific coast

Acila: Schenck, H. G., 1936 

"Agasoma": English, W. A., 1914a 

Anadara, Oligocene species: Schenck, H. G.,

and Reinhart, P. W., 1938 

Area s.l.: Reinhart, P. W., 1943 

Aturia: Schenck, H. G., 1931 

Cassia s.l.; Schenck, H. G., 1926 

Ceratoatoma: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1969b 

Chione: Parker, P., 1949 

dementia: Woodring, W. P., 1926a 

Conus, Holocene; Hanna, G. D., and Strong,

A. M., 1949

Epitonium: Durham, J. W., 1937 

Qenota: Raymond, W. J., 1906 

Lttuyapecten: MacNeil, F. S., 1961 

Mactra: Packard, E. L., 1916 

Mediargo: Terry, J. S., 1968 

Miopleima: Shikama, T., 1967 

Mullnia: Packard, E. L., 1916 

Mi/a; MacNeil, F. S., 1965 

Nassarius: Addicott, W. O., 1965d 

Pandora: Boss, K. J., 1966 

Pecten, Holocene: Grau, G.. 1959

Monographs of genera Continued 

Pacific coast Continued 

Penitella: Adegoke, O. S., 1967c 

Platyodon: Adegoke, 0. S., 1967c 

Securetta: Parker, P., 1949 

Siphonalia: Ruth, J. W., 1942 . 

Sptiula: Packard, E. L., 1916 

Turritella: Merriam, C. W., 1941 

North America 

Catalog 

Index fossils, illustrations, stratigraphic data:

Shimer, H. W., and Shrock, R. R., 1944 

Faunal records 

Pacific coast, Miocene and Pliocene : Grabau,

A., and Shimer, H. W., 1909 

Oil and gas fields 

California

Carrizo-Cuyama basin, Morales oil field, Miocene faunal records: Lawrence, E. D., 1960 

Diablo Range, Hollister field, Purisima Formation: Wilkinson, E. R., 1963,1967 

. Imperial basin, Ostrea: Auger, I. V., 1920 

Los Angeles basin 

Inglewood oil field, Pliocene species: Huguenin, E., 1926 

Miocene, "fossil markers": Edwards, E. C.,

1951 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Wissler,

S. G., 1941 

Playa del Rey oil field, Miocene species: Corey,

W. H., 1935,1936; Metzner, L. H., 1936 

Venice oil field, Miocene species: Corey, W. H.,

1936,1936 

San Joaquin basin

Belgian Anticline oil field, Etchegoin Formation, faunal records: Park, W. H., and others, 

1957

Belridgo oil field, Miocene formations, characteristic species: Wharton, J. B., 1943 

Buena Vista Hills oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, characteristic species: 

Borkovich, G. J., 1968; Howard, P. J., 1935 

Buena Vista Hills oil field, Pliocene zones:

McMasters, J. H., 1943 

Barrel oil field, Santa Margarita Formation,

faunal records: Sullivan, J. C., 1961 

Buttonwillow gas field, Etchegoin Formation, marine-nonmarine markers: Musscr, 

E. H., 1930 

Buttonwillow gas field, Pliocene, Mulinia bed:

Chambers, L. 8., 1943

Calders Corner oil field, Etchegoin Formation, 

characteristic species: Weddle, J. R., 1962 

Canal and Strand oil fields, Etchegoin Formation, Mulinia densata: Walling, R. W., 1939 

Cantua Creek area, Temblor Formation: Hill,

F. L., 1960 

Coalinga oil field, pholad borings: Ruckman,

J. H., 1913

Cymric oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, faunal records: McMasters, J. H., 1947; 

Weddle, J. R., 1966, Anderson, D. M., and 

Land, P. E., 1969

Devils Den oil field, Miocene formations, characteristic species; VanCouvering, M., and 

Alien, H. B., 1943
INDEX

Oil and gas Oelds Continued - : California Continued . ' 

San Joaquin basin Continued

Dudley Ridge gas field, Mya and 'Mulinia zones 

Henny, G., 1943

East Coalinga Extension oil field, upper Mulinia bed: Kaplow, E. J., 1942

Edison oil field, Miocene formations, faunal 

records: Cushman, J. A., and Laiming, B., 

1931; Kasline, F. E., 1941

Fruitvale oil field, characteristic pelecypods: 

Miller, R. H., and Ledingham, G. W., 1943

Fruitvale oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, faunal lists: Preston, H. M., 1931

Guijarral Hills oil field, Miocene formations, 

faunal records: Sullivan, J. C., 1962

Harvester gas field, Pliocene formations, faunal 

records: Hill, F. L., 1964a

Kern Bluff oil field, Santa Margarita Formation: Corwin, C. H., 1950

Kern Front oil field, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations, characteristic species: Park, W. 

H., 1965

Kern River oil field Etchegoin Claystone Member, Mamma kerica, Cryptomya: Edwards, E. 

C., 1943

Kern River oil field, Etchegoin Formation, 

Macoma: Hendrickson, A. B., 1928

Kettleman Hills oil field, Miocene formations, 

faunal records: Cunningham, G. M., and 

Barbat, W. F., 1932; Goudkoff, P. P., 1934; 

Sullivan, J. C., 1966

Kettleman Middle Dome oil field, Miocene 

and Pliocene formations, characteristic species: Hill, F. L., 1965

Lost Hills oil field, Etchegoin Formation, 

faunal records: Ayars, R. N., 1939

McKittrick oil field, Antelope Shale, Pecten 

peckhami: Weddle, J. R., 1965

McKittrick oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, characteristic species: Zulberti, J. 

L., 1956

McKittrick oil field, Pliocene index species: 

Atwill, E. F., 1943; Bertholf, H. W., 1962

Midway-Sunset oil field, Antelope Shale, Pecten peckliami: Zulberti, J. L., 1957

Midway-Sunset oil field, characteristic species, 

illustrations: Roberts, D. C., 1927

Midway-Sunset oil field, Pliocene formations, 

faunal zones, characteristic species: Ayars, 

R. N., 1941; Hillis, D., and Woodward, 

W. T., 1943; Woodward, W. T., 1945; Zulberti, 

J. L., 1958, 1959,1961

Mountain View oil field, Chanac Formation, 

characteristic species: Miller, R. H., and 

Bloom, C. V., 1937

.Mountain View oil field, Miocene formations,

characteristic species: Miller, R.. H., and

Ferguson, G. C., 1943; Park, W. H., 1966

North Belridge oil field, Miocene formations,

characteristic species: Preston, H. M., 1932

Poso Creek oil field, Etchegoin Formation, 

characteristic species: Weddle, J. R., 1959

Oil and gas fields Continued : 

California Continued ' . 

San Joaquin basin Continued

 Round Mountain oil field, Miocene formations, 

faunal records: Park, W. H., and others, 

1963; Rogers, R. G., 1943

Semitrcpic gas field, San Joaquin Clays, MyaElpMdium zone: Valentine, W. W., 1943

Southern, Barbat's Pliocene "stages": Park, 

W. H., and Weddle, J. R.,'1959

Strand oil field, Etchegoin Formation, characteristic species: Shea, D. N., 1966

Ten Section oil field, Etchegoin Formation, 

Mulinia zone: Gentry, A. W., 1943

Trico gas field, Pliocene formations, characteristic species: Doell, E. C., 1943; Hill, F. L.,

1964b

Union Avenue oil field, Santa Margarita Sand, 

faunal records: Weddle, J. R., 1961

Vallecitos oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, faunal records: Wilkinson, E. R., 

1959

Wasco oil field, San Joaquin Clay, first Mya 

zone: Barnes, R. M., 1943

Western, Pecten andersoni: Goudkoff, P. P.,

1941,1947 

Santa Maria basin

Cat Canyon oil field, Monterey Shale, faunal 

records: Cross, R. K.', 1943

Guadalupe oil field, Careaga Formation, faunal records: Lawrence, E. D., 1964

Santa Maria Valley oil field, Miocene and Pliocene formations, characteristic species: Canfield, C. R., 1939 

Ventura basin

Canoga Park oil field, Topanga Formation, 

faunal records: Rothermel, R. V., 1964

Capitan oil field, Vaqueros Formation, characteristic species: Dolman, S. G., 1938

Cascade oil field, Sunshine Ranch Formation, 

faunal records: Roth, G. H., and Sullwold, 

H. H., Jr., 1958

Correlation chart, macrofossil stages, characteristic species: Holman, W. H., 1958

Eastern, Placenta oil field, Pico Formation, 

characteristic species: Oakeshott, G. B., 

1950; Tudor, R. B., 1962

Elwood oilfield, Temblor Formation, Robulusmud pecten zone: Hill, M. L., 1943

Sespe cil field, Vaqueros Formation, faunal

records: Dosch, M. W., 1967 

Oregon 

Bibliography

Astoria Formation, paleontologlc reports, annotations: Moore, E. J., 1963 

Geological reports

Annotations: Henderson, C. W., and Winstanley, J. B., 1=)12

1936^5: Alien, J. E., and others, 1947

1946-50: Steere, M. L., 1953

1951-55: Steere, M. L., and Owen, L. F., 1962

Prior to July, 1936, annotations: Treasher, R. 

C., and Hodge, E. T., 1936
INDEX 193

Oregon Continued . . . 

Bibliography Continued 

. Geological theses, prior to 1959, index map:

Schlicker, H. Q., 1959 

Geologic theses, 1969-65: Roberts, M., 1966 

Biostratigraphy 

Cape Blanco, Empire Formation, Mytilus middendorffi fauna: Durham, J. W., 1953 

Coast Ranges, stratigraphic data, correlation

chart: Schenck, H. G., 1928 

Coos Bay embayment, Empire Formation:

Alien, J. E., and Baldwin, E. M., 1944 

Southwestern, Elk River Beds: Addicott, W. 

0., 1964; Baldwin, E. M., 1945; Bandyi 0. L., 

1952 

Catalog 

Shumard's (1858) types, Washington University

at St. Louis: Trumbull, E. J., 1958 

Correlation 

Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Howe,

H. V., 1926

Astoria Formation: Conrad, T. A., 1856b, 1866 

Coos Bay embayment, Empire Formation:

Howe, H. V., 1921 

Newport embayment, Miocene formations:

Snavely, P. P., Jr., and others, 1964 

Northwestern 

Molluscan and foraminiferal stages; chart:

Newton, V. C., Jr., 1969 

Scappoose Formation: Wilklnson, W. D., and

others, 1946 

Vaqueros "stage": Durham, J. W., and others,

1942

Faunal lists 

Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Isbister, A. K., 1855 

Astoria Formation: Arnold, R., and Hannibal,

H., 1913; Moore, E- J-, 1963 

Coos Bay embayment, Empire Formation:

Weaver, C. E., 1945 

Miocene and Pliocene formations, locality map:

Diller, J. S., 1896 

Newport embayment

Astoria Formation: Snavely, P. D., Jr., and

Yokes, H. E., 1949; Steere, M. L., 1954

Miocene, formations: Packard, E. L., and

Kellogg, R., 1934; Yokes, H. E., and others,

1949

Yaquina Formation: Snavely, P. D., Jr., and

Yokes, H. E., 1949 . 

Northwestern 

Miocene formations: Warren, W. C., and others,

1945; Washburne, C. W., 1914 

Scappoose Formation: Trimble, D. E., 1963; 

Wan-en, W< C., and Norbisrath, H., 1946; 

Wilkinspn, W. D., and others, 1946 

Southwestern, Port Orford area:. Koch, J. G.,

1966 , . .... 

Tillamook embayment, Cape Lookout, Astoria

FonnatiO'n: Mangum, D., 1967 

Faunal records

Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Dodds, 

B.R., 1963; Smithj W. D. P., arid Packard, E. 

L., 1919; White, C. A!, 1889 -

:Oregon Continued 

 Faunal records Continued

Astoria Formation: Cope, E. D., 1880; Dana, J.

D., 1849; Emerson, W. K., 1958 

Characteristic megafossils, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Baldwin, E. M., 1959 

' Coast Ranges, Miocene and Pliocene formations, 

correlation chart: Wilkinson, W. D., 1959 

Continental shelf, dredged material: Fowler, G.

A., 1966

Coos Bay embayment 

Coos Bay, dredged, material: James, E. L.,

1950

Dosinia: Baldwin, E. M., 1966 

Empire Formation: Dall, W. H., 1907; Diller, 

J. S., 1001; Hertlein, L. G., 1960; Steere, 

M. L., 1955 

Miocene and Pliocene formations: Ehlen, J.,

1967

Newport embayment 

Miocene formations: Schenck, H. G., 1927;

Suavely, P.O., Jr., and others, 1964 

Psephaea, midden occurrence: Simon, L. F.,

and Reed, C. A., 1945 

Yaquina Formation: Harrison and Eaton

[firm], 1920 

Northwestern, Willamette Valley: Peck, D. L.,

and others, 1964 

Southwestern

Bandpn area, beach drift: Baldwin,E. M., 1961 

Cape Blanco, Elk River Beds: Janda, R. J.,

1969; Zullo, V. A., 1961

Cape Blanco, Empire Formation'. Bandy, 

0. L., 1950; Diller, J. S., 1902,1903; Dott, 

R. H., Jr., 1962

Cape Blanco, Port Orford Formation: Baldwin, E. M., 1945; Bandy, 0. L., 1950 

Paleoclimatology

Tertiary: Hickman, C. J. S., 1969 

Paleogeography 

Northwestern, early Miocene, map: Peck, D. L.,

and others, 1964 

Systematic descriptions . Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Conrad, T. A., 1848, 1849; Dall, W. H., 1909b; 

Henderson, J., 1920; Moore, E. J., 1963 

Coos Bay embayment, Pliocene, Empire Formation: Dall, W. H., 1909b; Hertlein, L. G., 1965; 

Howe, H. V., 1922; Shumard, B. F., 1858 

Newport embayment, Astoria Formation: 

Addicott, W. 0., 1966b; Anderson, F. M., and 

Martin.'B., 1914; Moore, E. J., 1963 

Pacific coast 

Bibliography 

 Dall, William Healey: Bartsch, P., and others

1946 

; Holocene mollusks

1908-36: Keen, A. M., 1937 

1937-56: Keen, A. M., [n.d.] 

Marine mollusks, post-Eocene, 1865-1908: Dall, 

.. W. H., 1909C . ; Oregon and Washington, palcontologic reports: 

'. .. Weaver, C. E., 1942 .
194 INDEX

Pacific coast Continued 

Bibliography Continued 

Paleontologic studies, current research: Merriam,

J. C., 1921; Stock, C., 1946 

Biostratigraphy

Adla biozones: Schenck, H. G., 1936 

Oligocene and Miocene, faunal zones: Clark,

B. L., and Arnold, R., 1918b 

Southwest Oregon, northwest California: Allison, E. C., and others, 1962 

Zemorrian Stage, molfuscan indices: Schenck,

H. Q., and Kleinpell, R. M., 1936 

Catalog

Acila, valid species: Schenck, H. G., 1936b 

Arcidae: Reinhart, P. W., 1943 

Conrad's Cenozoic type specimens, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences: Moore,

E. J., 1962 

Current research

Cenozoic molluscan paleontology: Addicott, 

W. 0., and Kanno, S., 1969; Kanno, S., and 

Addicott, W. 0., 1969; Keen, A. M., 1968

Tertiary invertebrates, 1924: Clark, B. L., 1924 

Holocene genera, ecologic data: Keen, A. M.,

1963 

Holocene pelecypods, systematics, geographic

ranges: Olsson, A. A., 1961 

Holocene species

Geographic ranges: Dall, W. H., 1921a

Latitudinal ranges: Keen, A. M., 1937

Tertiary ranges, original descriptions:

Oldroyd, I. S., 1924b 

Oregon and Washington

Tertiary, geologic names, selected paleontologlc data: Youngquist, W., 1961

Tertiary species, original descriptions, illustrations: Weaver, C. E., 1942 

Pandor'idae, Miocene species: Boss, K. J., 1965 

Correlation 

Acila gettysburgensis zone: Clark, B. L:, and

Arnold, R., 1923

Astoria Formation: Clark, B. L., 1917 

California and Ecuador, Miocene: Marks, J. G.,

1951 

Late Cenozoic, mammalian-molluscan-foraminiferal stages, chart: Savage, D. E., 1955 

Miocene, "Blakeley" and "Vaqueros Stages":

Addicott, W. O., 1967b 

Miocene and Pliocene formations, Oregon and

Washington: Addicott, W. 0., 1966b; Hertlein, L. G., and Crickmay, C. H., 1925 

Neogene: Dall, W. H., and Harris, G. D., 1892 

Oligocene and Miocene: Dall, W. H., 1898 

Oligocene and Miocene, Dosinia; Durham, J. W.,

1957b 

Peru and California, Neogene: Olsson, A. A.,

1932 

Provincial megafaunal and microfaunal stages,

European relationships: Durham, J. W., 1960 

Sooke and Vaqueros Formations, partial tune

equivalence: Vanderhoof, V. L., 1942 

Tertiary basins, molluscan and foramthiferal

stages: Weaver; C. E., and others, 1944 

Turritetta spp., stratigraphic ranges, chart:

Merriam, C. W., 1941

Pacific coast Continued 

Faunal lists 

California and Oregon, Miocene: Meek, F. B.,

1864 

Oregon and Washington, Miocene and Pliocene

formations: Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H.,

1913; Hertlein, L. G., and Crickmay, C. H.,

1925

Faunal records 

Amphineuran genera, Neogene occurrences:

Smith, A. G., 1960 

Aturia angustata: Kummel, B., 1956; Miller,

A. K., 1947; Miller, A. K., and Downs, H. R.,

1950 

Brachlopods and mollusks, co-occurrences:

Hertlein, L. G., and Grant, U.S., 4th, 1944a 

Echinoids and mollusks, co-occurrences:

Grant, U. S., 4th, and Hertlein, L. G., 1938 

Holocene Pectinidae, Neogene occurrences:

Hertlein, L. G., 1935 

Mya, new and oldest occurrences: Adegoke,

O. S., 1967e 

Neogene localities, fossil illustrations: Ransome, J. E., 1964 

Neogene species: Davies, A. M., 1935; Fenton,

C. L., and Fenton, M. A., 1958 

Pholadid genera, geologic ranges: Turner, R.D.,

1954 

"Teredo", Miocene occurrences: Durham, J. W.,

and Zullo, V. A., 1961 

Thracia spp.: Dall, W. H., 1915 

Turridae, Miocene and Pliocene genera: Powell,

A. W. B., 1966 

Washington and Oregon, characteristic mollusks:

Weaver, C. E:, 1937 

Geochronology 

Miocene, vertebrate-molluscan-foraminiferal

chronologies, chart: Mitchell, E. D., Jr., and

Repenning, C. A;, 1963 

Oligocene faunal units, relationship to Miocene:

Clark, B. L., and Arnold, R., 1918a 

Oregon and Washington, Neogene, faunal units:

Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H., 1913 

Tertiary, correlation chart, characteristic mollusks: Clark, B. L., 1921a 

Tertiary, invertebrate stages: Weaver, C. E.,

and others, 1944 

Monographs of genera 

Acila: Schenck, H. G., 1936 

"Agasoma": English, W. A., 1914a 

Anadara, Oligocene species: Schenck, H. G., and

Reinhart, P. W., 1938 

Area s.l.: Reinhart, P. W., 1943 

Aturia: Schenck, H. G., 1931 

Cassis s.l.: Schenck, H. G., 1926 

Ceratostoma: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1959b 

Chime: Parker, P;, 1949 

dementia: Woodring, W. P., 1926a 

Conus, Holocene: Hanna, G D., and Strong,

A.M., 1949

Epitonium: Durham, J. W., 1937 

Genota: Raymond, W. J., 1906 

: LUuyapecten: MacNeil, F. S., 18161 

Mactra: Packard, E. L., 1916 

Mediargo: Terry, J. S., 1968
INDEX 195

Pacific coast Continued 

Monographs of genera Continued 

Mioplelona: Shlkama, T., 1967 

Mulinia: Packard, E. L., 1916 

Mpo:MacNeil, F. S., 1965 

Nassarlus: Addicott, W. O.r 1965d 

Pandora: Boss, K. J.( 1965 

Pecten, Holocene: Qrau, O., 1959 

Penitella: Adegoke, O. S., 1967c 

Platyodon: Adegoke, O. S., 1967C 

SecureUa: Parker, P., 1949 

Siphcnalia: Ruth, J. W., 1942 

Spisula: Packard, E. L., 1916 

Turritetta: Merriam, C. W., 1941 

Paleocllmatology 

Acila gettysburgensis zone, cool-water indicators:

Dickerson, R.E.,1917b 

Miocene and Pliocene: Davies, A. M., 1934 

Pleistocene, California and Baja California,

zoogeographic and isotopic analysis: Valentine,

J. W., and Meade, R. F., 1960,1961 

Pliocene, molluscan evidence: Smith, J. P., 1916 

Tertiary, molluscan and coral evidence: Durham, J. W., 1950a, 1958,1959 

Tertiary, molluscan evidence: Addicott, W. 0.,

1968c, 1969c; Arnold, R., 1909a; Smith, J. P.,

1910,1919; Stewart, R. B., 1930 

Paleoecology

Holocene genera, ecologlc data: Keen, A.M., 1963 

Holocene species, ecologic data: Burch, J. Q., ed.,

1944-46; Ricketts, E. F., and Calvin, J., 1968 

Mixed depth assemblages, interpretation: Valentine, J. W., and Mallory, B., 1965 

Paleotemperature analysis, median-of-mldpoints

method: Schenck, H. O. ( 1945; Schenck, H. O.,

and Keen, A.M., 1937,1940a 

Pholad burrows, initial rock hardness: Evans, J.

W., 1968 

Pleistocene, paleotemperatures, Californlan

molluscan province: Valentine, J. W., and

Meade, R. F., 1961 

Paleogeography 

California and Oregon, Neogene shoreline:

Diller, J. S., 1902 

Pacific-Carribbean seaway, Miocene: Loel, W.,

and Corey, W. H., 1931 

Panama seaway, Miocene: Dickerson, R. E.,

1917a

Tertiary, maps: Arnold, R., 1909a 

Shell structure

Pelecypods: Oberling, J. J., 1964 

Systematic descriptions 

Actta, Tertiary species: Schenck, H. Q., 1936 

Arcidae: Reinhart, P. W., 1943 

California and Alaska, Lituyapecten spp.:

MacNeil, F. S., 1961 

California and Oregon, cassidids: Schenck, H.

O., 1926 

California and Washington: D.all, W. H., 1890-

1903 

Cardiidae, Clinocardium spp.,. Arctopratiilum:

Keen, A. M., 1954 

Chione: Parker, P., 1949 

Condonia: Hortleln, L. Q., 1965 

Epitmium spp.: Durham, J. W., 1937

Pacific coast Continued 

Systematic descriptions Continued

Lyropecten: Conrad, T. A., 1862

Mactridae: Packard, E. L., 1916

Mediargo: Terry, J. S., 1968

Oregon and Washington, Miocene: Anderson, F. 

M., and Martin, B., 1914; Weaver, C. E., 1942

Oregon and Washington, Tertiary species: 

Weaver, C. E., 1942

PeniteUa: Adegoke, 0. S., 1967c

Platyodon: Adegoke, 0. S., 1967c

Priscofusus: Conrad, T. A., 1865a

Securella: Parker, P., 1949

Turritella spp.: Merriam, C. W., 1941 

Taxonomy

Acila, valid species, list: Schenck, H. Q., 1934, 

1935b

Argopecten: Waller, T. R., 1969

Cardiidae, supraspeciflc classification: Keen, A: 

M., 1936a, 1936b, 1951a

Ceratostoma: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1958a

Delectopecten: Woodring, W. P., 1938

"Oaleodea", Oligocene and Miocene species: 

Durham, J. W., 1942b

Gastropoda, designation of type species: Cossmann, A. E. M., 1895-1925

Lima, giant species: Vokes, H. E., 1963

Lyropecten: Woodring, W. P., 1938

Lyropecten, Miocene, Atlantic and Mediterranean counterparts: Mongin, D., 1968

Mactridae: Packard, E. L., 1915

Marginellidae, Pliocene species: Coan, E. V., 

and Roth, B., 1966

Miocene and Pliocene species, taxonomic revisions: Hanna, O D., 1924

Miopleiona spp.: Dall, W. H., 1907a

Mulinia: Packard, E. L., 1914

Nassarlidae: Addicott, W. O., 1965c, 1965d; 

Herold, S. C., 1917

Pyramldellldae: Bartsch, P., 1917a

Searlesia: Grant, U. S., 4th, 1933

Solemya: Vokes, H. E., 1955

Thyasira disjuncta and T. bisecta: Boss, K. J., 

1967; Tegland, N. M., 1928

Trochita spp., affinities with Holcene species: 

Rehder, H. A., 1943

Trophosycon: Gale, H. R., 1929

Turritella cooperi stock, phylogenetlc development: Kotaka, T., 1960

Veneridae, supraepeclnc classification: Keen,

A.M.,1951b 

Zoogeography

AcUa, Tertiary migrations: Schenck, H. G., 1936

dementia, Pacific-Caribbean migration, Miocene: Woodring, W. P., 1926a

Fauna! migration 

Atlantic-Pacific, Miocene: Clark, B. L., and

Durham, J. W., 1942 

Atlantic-Pacific, Paclpbile genera: Woodring,

W. P., 1966

Japan-California, Pliocene: Smith, J. P., 1904 

Late Tertiary: Arnold, R., 1903 

Pacific-Atlantic: Davies, A..M., 1929, 1934;

Ekman, S., 1953; Hagg, R., 1924 . 

Pacific-Atlantic, Macoma: Goan, E. V., 1969
196

Pacific coast Continued 

Zoogeography Continued 

Faunal migration Continued . 

Pacific-Atlantic, Mya: MacNeil, F. S., 1965 

Pacific-Atlantic, Nucella: Kincaid, T., 1957 

Searlesia: Grant, U, S., 4th, 1933 

Faunal provinces

Holocene, warm-water: Olsson, A. A., 1961 

Tertiary, origins: Schenck, H. G.,.and Keen,

A. M., 1936; Smith, J. P., 1919. 

Holocene species, geographic ranges: Burch,

J. Q., ed.( 1944-46; Call, W. H., 1921a 

Miocene, Carribean affinities: Arnold, R., and 

Clark, B. L., 1917; Loel, W., and Corey, 

W. H., 1931 

Neogene, latitudinal faunal change: Addicott,

W.O., 1968b, 1969c; Clark, B. L., 1921a 

Pectinids, Tertiary migrations: MacNeil, F. S.,

1967 

Spisula, Pliocene: Chamberlin, J. L., and

Stearns, F., 1963 

Tropical faunas, Caribbean and Indo-Pacific

origins: Hertlein, L. G., 1941 

Turritella ocoyana stock, Atlantic origin, geographic distribution: Woodring, W. P., 1928, 

1929

Pacific Ocean 

Catalog

Eastern, Holocene Pectinidaa: Grau, G., 1959 

Correlation

California and Japan, Asagian Stage and 

"Vaqueros Stage": Kobayashi, T., and 

Shikama, T., 1961 

Northeast Pacific coast and Japan 

Oligocene and Miocene, similar species: Durham, J. W., and Sasa, Y., 1961 

Pectinids, Neogene: Masuda, K., 1962 

Pholadomya, CaliforniaJapan, Miocene species:

Omori, M., 1952 

Paleoclimatology 

Alaska 

Bering Sea, Nome area: Ball, W. H., 1907b;

Hopkins, D. M., and others, 1960 

Gulf of Alaska

Miocene glaciation, effect on marine invertebrates: Miller, D. J., and others, 1959 

Oligocene and Miocene, foraminifier-mollusk

data: Bandy, O. L., and others, 1969 

Tertiary: Miller, D. J., 1961 

Yakataga Formation, cool-water indicators: 

Denton, G. H., and Armstrong, R. L., 1969 

British Columbia : 

Southwestern, early Miocene: Durham, J. W.,, 

1942a , California ; Channel Islands

Santa Cruz .Island, Miocene, foraminiferal 

and molluscan evidence: Bereskin, S. R., 

and Edwards, L.N., 1969. 

Santa Bosalsland, early Miocene; Avila, F. A.,

and Weaver, D. W., 1969. 

Miocene, middle, fish and invertebrate inferences:

Bacskai,J. A.,1969

Oligocene and Miocene: Wiedey, L. W., 1928 

Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, glacial control:: 

Gale, H. R., J931 .,

Paleoclimatology Continued 

California Continued 

San Joaquin basin

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene, faunal and geochemical evidence: Stanton, R. J., Jr., and 

Dodd, J. R., 1969 

Late Miocene: Addicott, W. O., and.Vedder,

J. G., 1963 

Southern, Miocene and Pliocene, molluskforaminifer inferences: Ingle, J. C., Jr., 1967 

Ventura basin

Pliocene: Yeats, R. S., and others, 1967 

Pliocene and Pleistocene: Waterfall, L. N., 1929 

Oregon

Tertiary: Hickman, C. J. S., 1969 

Pacific Coast 

Acila gettysburgemis zone, cool-water indicators:

Dickerson, R. E., 1917b 

Miocene and Pliocene: Davies, A. M., 1934 

Pleistocene, California and Baja California, 

zoogeographic and isotopic analysis: Valentine, 

J. W., and Meade, R. F., 1960,1961 

Pliocene, molluscan evidence: Smith, J. P.. 1916 

Tertiary, molluscan and coral evidence: Durham, J. W., 1950a, 1958,1959 

Tertiary, molluscan evidence: Addicott, W. O., 

1968c, 1969c; Arnold, R., 1909a; Smith, J. P., 

1910,1919; Stewart. R. B.. 1030 

Washington

Pliocene, cool-water indicators: Dall. W. H . 1»90 

Paleoecology 

Analysis

Pacific coast, living mollusks, bathymetric 

ranges: Burch, J. Q., ed., 1944-46; Keen, A. 

M., 1963

British Columbia

Vancouver Island, Sooke Formation, brackishwater indicators: Cornwall, I. E., 1927 

California 

Eel River basin, Wildcat Group, bathymetric

inferences: Talmadge, R. R., 1968 

Los Angeles basin, Repetto Formation: Woodring, W. P., 1938 

Oxygen isotope values, Ostrea spp.: Longinelli,

A., and Nuti, S., 1968 

Salinas basin, southern, Monterey Shale: Smith,

P. B., 1968a 

San Joaquin basin, Kern River area, Sharktooth

Hill: Mitchell, E. D., Jr., 1966 

Santa Margarita Formation, bryozoah-mollusk

relationship: Adegoke, O. S., 1967a 

Santa Maria basin 

Pismo Formation, sand-pipes: Adegoke, O. S.,

1966b; Evans, J.W., 1967' 

Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., and

Bramlette, M. N., 1950 

Ventura basin 

Eastern, Castaic Formation: Stanton, R. J.,

Jr., 1962,1967a . . . 

Eastern, Miocene and Pliocene formations: 

Winterer, E. L., and Durham, D. L., 1962 

Pico Formation, orientation of pelecypod 

valves: Crowell, J. C., and others, 1966; 

Hoskins, C. W., 1967 ' 

Pliocene or Pleistocene, Santa Barbara zone: 

Meade, .R.F.,.i96jB, 1967 ......
197

Paleoecology Continued 

California Continued - 

Ventura basin Continued 

 . South Mountain, Fernando Formation: Yeats, 

 , R. S., and others, 1967

South Mountain,,Santa Barbara zone: Meade, 

.. . R. F., 1966^ 1967 ' Western, Santa Barbara Formation, biofacies:

Valentine, J. W., 1962 

Methods

Paleotemperature analysis, median-of-midpoints: 

Schenck, H. G., 1945; Schenck, H. G., and 

Keen, A. M., i937,1940a 

Recurrent species groups, Pliocene and Pleistocene, computer analysis: Valentine, J. W., 

. and Mallory, B., 1965 

Mexico

Baja California, northwestern, San Diego Formation: Rowland, R. W., 1968 

Gulf of California, ecologic data, Holocene:

Keen, A. M., 1958; Parker, R. H., 1964 

Pacific Coast

Holocene genera, ecologic data: Keen, A. M., 1963 

Holocene species, ecalogtc data :Burch, J. Q., ed., 

1944-46; Ricketts, E. F., and Calvin, J., 1968 

Mixed depth assemblages, interpretation: Valentine, J. W., and Mallory, B., 1965 

Paleotemperature analysis, median-of-midpoints 

method: Schenck, H. G., 1945; Schenck, H. G., 

and Keen, A. M., 1937,1940a 

Pholad burrows, initial rock hardness: Evans,

J. W., 1968

Pleistocene, paleotemperatures, Californianmolluscan province: Valentine, J. W., and Meade, 

R. F., 1961 

Paleogeography 

California 

Coast Ranges

Late Miocene, maps: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1-J60 

Miocene: Reed, R. D., 1926 

Miocene, San Andreas fault, evidence for

lateral slip: Addicott, W. 0., 1967a 

Southern, Miocene: Eaton, J. E., and others,

1941

Imperial basin, late Tertiary: Brown, J. S., 1923 

Miocene: Addicott, W. Q., 1967b; Clark, B. L.,

and Arnold, R., 1918b; Cooper, J. G., 1874 

Miocene and Pliocene, maps: Clark, B. L., 1921b 

Oligocene and Miocene, maps: Addicott, W. 0.,

1968a 

San Francisco Bay area; Merced? Formation,

map: Addicott, W. O., 1969b 

San Joaquin basin, Kettleman Hills, Pliocene:

Stanton, R. J., Jr., 1969 . . ' 

Southern, Miocene.and Pliocene, maps: Corey, 

. W. H., 1954;.Eaton, J. E., 1932 

Vaqueros Formation, map: Loel^ W., and

Corey, W. H., 1932

Central America - . . 

Miocene and Pliocene 

Panama-Costa 'Rica seaways: Clements, T., 1941 :: '' : ': '"' : ' ' ' '"' 

^Panama land bridge, map: Woodrlng, W. P., 1966 ''''.,.'...'.''

Paleogeography Continued 

Mexico

Baja California, Miocene and Pliocene, maps: 

Allison, E.-C., 1964; Durham, J. W., and 

Allison, E. C., 1960 

Oregon 

Northwestern, early Miocene, map: Peck, D. L.,

and others, I'j64 

Pacific coast 

California and Oregon, Neogene shoreline:

Diller,. J. S., 1902 

Pacific-Caribbean seaway, Miocene: Loel, W.,

and Corey, W. H., 1931 

Panama seaway, Miocene: Dickerson, R. E.,

1917a

Tertiary, maps: Arnold, R.,, 1909a 

Washington 

Western, Oligocene and Miocene: Weaver, C. E.,

1918

Panama 

Correlation 

Miocene, Aquitainian Stage: Eames, F. E., and

others, 1962 

Shell structure 

Pacific coast

Pelecypods: Oberling, J. J., 1964 

Systematic descriptions 

Alaska

Alaska Peninsula

Epitonium atwoodi: Dall, W. H,, 1908 

Miocene: Grewingk, C., 1850 

Aleutian Islands, Atka Island: Erman, A., 1843 

Arctic coast 

Carter Creek, Nuwok Formation: MacNeil,

F. S., 1957 

Nuwok Formation, -Thyasira alaskana:

Kauffman, E. G., 1969

Pliocene and Pleistocene: Dall, W. H., 1920

Bering Sea, Nome area: Dall, W. H., 1907b,

1920, 1921b; MacNeil, F. S., and others, 1943

Gulf of Alaska

Aturia angustata alaskensis: Schenck, H. G.,

1931 

Poul Creek and Yakataga Formations: Clark,

B. L., 1932

Pectinids: MacNeil, F. S., 1967 

British Columbia

Vancouver Island, Sooke, Formation:- Berry, 

S. S., 1922; Clark, B. L., 1922; Clark, B. L., and 

Arnold, R., 19:3; Merriam, J. C., 1897,1899 

California

Agasoma spp.: English, W. A., 1914a 

Area spp.: Osmont, V. C., 1904 

Carrizo-Cuyama basin

Miocene formations: Eaton, J. E., and others, 

, 1941 

Neptunea eatonl: Grant, U. S., 4th, and Quayle,

E. H., 1934 

Pecten juanensis: Grant, U. S., 4th, and

Stevenson, R. E., 1948 ' 

Channel Islands, Miocene formations: Hertlein,

L. G;, 1928b ' : Coast Ranges

Miocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1857b, 

.1857d; Qabb, W. M.,. .1866, I809a; Wiedey, 

- - L. W., 1928, 1929a ....
INDEX

Systematic descriptions Continued 

California Continued 

Coast Ranges Continued 

Northern, Sonoma County, Pliocene formations: Howe, H. V., 1922; Peck, J. H., Jr., 

1960

Ostrea titan: Conrad, T. A., 1853b 

Pliocene formations: Gabb, W. M., 1866,

1869a; Martin, B., 1914 

Eel River basin 

Falor Formation: Mandra, Y. T., 1949;

Manning, Q. A., and Ogle, B. A., 1950 

Wildcat Group: Faustman, W. F., 1964;

Martin, B., 1914 

Imperial basin 

Carrlzo Creek area: Conrad, T. A., 1853a,

1855b; Marcou, J., 1858 

Coyote Mountain, Imperial Formation:

Hanna, G D., 1926b 

Imperial Formation: Emerson, W. K., 1964;

Hanna, G D., and Strong, A. M., 1949 

Ostrea vespertina, Conrad, T. A., 1854 

Larkinia: Reinhart, P. W., 1935 

Los Angeles basin

Monterey Shale, pectinlds: Trask, J. B., 1856 

Pliocene formations: Ball, W. H., 1900; Moody,

C. L., 1916 

Repetto Formation: Hertlein, L. G., 1925a;

Woodring, W. P., 1938

Santa Monica Mountains, Miocene and 

Pliocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1857c; 

Raymond, W. J., 1904 

Santa Monica Mountains, Modelo Formation:

Woodring, W. P., 1931c 

Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga Formation:

Arnold, R., 1907e 

Mount Diablo embayment 

Briones Formation: Trask, P. D., 1922 

Miocene formations: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1958b; 

Hall, E. B., and Ambrose, A. W., 1917; 

Remond, A., 1863

San Lorenzo Group: Clark, B. L., 1918 

San Pablo Group: Clark, B. L., 1915a 

Sobrante Sandstone: Lutz, G. C., 1951 

Mya spp.: MacNeil, F. S., 1965 

Pliocene and Pleistocene formations: Grant,

U. S., 4th, and Gale, H. R., 1931 

Sallnas basin

La Panza Range, Miocene formations: Anderson, F. M., and Martin, B., 1914; Hanna, 

G D., and Hertlein, L. G., 1913 

Miocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1855b,

1857c; Davis, C. H., 1913 

Santa Margarita Formation: Gale, H. R.,

1928; Nomland, J. O., 1917o 

San Diego embayment

Opalia spp.: Stearns, R. E. C., 1876 

. San Diego .Formation: Dall, W. H., 1874, 

1879a; Hertlein, L; G., 1929b; McLean, 

J. H., 1964

San Francisco Peninsula 

Northern, Merced Formation: Glen, W., 1959 

Santa Clara County: Conrad, T. A., 1857c

Systematic descriptions Continued 

California Continued 

San Joaquln basin

Coalings area, Miocene and Pliocene formations: Adegoke, O. S., 1969; Anderson, 

F. M., 1905; Arnold, R., 1909b 

Etchegoin Formation: Nomland, J. O., 1917a 

Jacalitos Formation: Nomland, J. O., 1916a,

1916b

Kern River area, Miocene formations: Addlcott, W. O., 1965b; Anderson, F. M., 1905; 

Anderson, F. M., and Martin, B., 1914; 

Conrad, T. A., 1855b; Cooper, J. G., 1894; 

Emerson, W. K., 1957; Hanna, G D., and 

Hertlein, L. G., 1938; Hertlein, L. G., 1934 

Kettleman Hills, Pliocene formations: Woodring, W. P., and others, 1940 

San Emigdio Mountains, Monterey Group:

Wagner, C. M., and Schilling, K. H., 1923 

Santa Margarita Formation: Hertlein, L. G.,

1934; Nomland, J. 0:, 1917c 

Temblor Range, Santa Margarita Formation:

Woodring, W. P., 1932

Santa Cruz Mountains, Miocene and Pliocene 

formations: Arnold, R., 1908b; Carson, C. M., 

1926; Conrad, T. A. 1857c 

Santa Maria basin

Area leptogrammica: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1964 

Arcidae: Reinhart, P. W., 1937 

Pliocene formations: Arnold, R., 1907d; 

Bartsch,P.,1911; Carson, C.M., 1926; Woodring, W. P., and Bramlette, M. N., 1950 

Vaqueros Formation: Hertlein, L. G., 1937 

Southern, Pliocene formations: Carson, C. M.,

1925b,1926 

Transverse Ranges, Santa Ynez Mountains,

Miocene formations: Conrad, T. A., 1857c 

Vaqueros Formation: Loel, W., and Corey, W.

H., 1932 

Ventura basin

Eastern, Pliocene formations: English, W. A., 

1914b; Kanakoff, G. P.* 1954, 1956, 1966; 

Vokes, H. E., 1935

Fernando Group: Waterfall, L. N., 1929 

Santa Barbara area, Santa Barbara Formation: 

Dall, W. H., 1917; Gabb, W. M., 1861; Trask, 

J. B., 1855a

Vaqueros Formation: Arnold, R., 1907d 

Central America 

Panama 

Canal Zone, gastropods: Woodring, W. P.,

1957b,1959

Miocene, Qatun Formation: Vokes, E. H., 1969 

Mexico

Baja California

Cedros Island: Gabb, W. M., 1866 

Northwestern, Cantll Costero Formation:

Hertlein, L. G., and Allison, E. C., 1959 

Ostrea spp.: Hertlein, L. G., 1929c, 1966 

Pectlnids: Hertlein, L. G., 1925b, 1966 

West coast, Miocene species: Hertlein, L. G.,

and Jordan, E. K., 1927 

Gulf of California, Pliocene species: Durham,

J.W.,1950b .. 

Maria Madre Island, Ptcten spp.: Jordan, E. Z., 

and Hertlein, L. G., 1926b
INDEX 199

Systematic descriptions Continued 

Oregon

Astoria embayment, Astoria Formation: Conrad, 

T. A., 1848,1849; Dall, W. H., 1909b; Henderson, J., 1920; Moore, E. J., 1963

Coos Bay embayment, Pliocene, Empire Formation: Dall, W. H., 1909b; Hertloin, L. G., 

1965; Howe, H. V., 1922; Shumard, B. F., 1858

Newport embayment, Astoria Formation: 

Addicott, W. O., 1966b; Auderson, F. M., and 

Martin, B., 1914; Moore, E. J., 1963 

Pacific coast

Acila, Tertiary species: Schenck, H. G., 1936

Arcidae: Reinhart, P. W., 1943

California and Alaska, Lituyapecten spp.: MacNoil, F. S., 1961

California and Oregon, cassidids: Schenck, H. G., 

1926

California and Washington: Dall, W. H., 1890- 

1903

Cardiidae, Clinocardium spp., Arclopratulum: 

Keen, A. M., 1954

Chione: Parker, P., 1949

Condonia: Hertlein, L. G., 1965

Epitonium spp.: Durham, J. W., 1937

Lyropecten: Conrad, T. A., 1862

Mactridae: Packard, E. L., 1916

Mediargo: Terry, J. S., 1968

Oregon and Washington, Miocene: Andorson, 

F. M., and Martin, B., 1914; Weaver, C. E., 1942

Oregon and Washington, Tertiary species: 

Weaver, C.E., 1942

Penitella: Adegoke, 0. S., 1967c

Platyodon: Adegoke, O. S., 1967c

Priscofusus: Conrad, T. A., 1865a

Securella: Parker, P., 1949

Turritella spp.: Merriam, C. W., 1941 

Washington

Grays Harbor basin

Astoria Formation: Addicott, W. 0., 1966b; 

Etherington, T. J., 1931

' Montesano Formation: Hertlein, L. G., 1925a; 

Weaver, C. E., 1912

Olympic Peninsula, Quillayute Formation: 

Reagan, A. B., 1909

Puget Trough

Clallam Formation: Reagan, A. B., 1909 

Oligocene and Miocene, Twin River Formation: Durham, J. W., 1944; Tegland, N. M., 

1929,1931,1933

Variamussium pilarense: Slodkewtisch, W. S., 

1933

Shoalwater Bay, Mytilus condoni: Dall, W. H., 

1890

Western

Area montereyana zone: Weaver, C. E., 1916b 

Miocene formations: Weaver, C. E., 1912 

Taxonomy 

Amphineura

Pacific coast, Miocene and Pliocene species:

Berry, S. 8., 1922 

California

Ajasoma sinuaton.v.Woodrlng, W. P., 1956

Conrad's (1857d) species, Santa Ynez Mountains: 

Woodring, W. P., 1931a

Taxonomy Continued 

California Continued

Crenomytilus, Miocene and Pliocene species: 

Soot-Ryen, T., 1955

Dosinia: Durham, J. W., 1959

Gabb's (1866,1869) gastropods: Stewart, R. B., 

1927

Gabb's (1866,1869) pelecypods: Stewart, R. B., 

1930

"Qonlobasti rodeoneslg," Petaluma Formation: 

Taylor, D. W., 1966

Haliotia, Miocene and Pliocene species: Talmadge, R. R., 1964

Hall and Ambrose's (1916) species, illustrations: Wiedey, L. W., 1929c

Marginella spp., Vontura basin, Castaic Formation: Roth, B., and Coan, E. V., 1968

Melanellidae, Miocene species, San Joaquin 

basin: Bartsch, P., 1917b

Miltha sanctaecrusia: Yokes, H. E., 1939

Miocene species, Carrizo-Cuyama basin: Frltsche, A. E., 1967

Mytilua loeli: Grant, U.S., 4th, 1930

Nasmrius, Pliocene species: Addicott, W. O., 

1965a,1965c

Nisot antisetti: Emorson, W. K., 1965

Ostreacalifornica, Imperial basin: Hanna, GD., 

and Hertlein, L. G., 1927b

Ostreidae, Miocene, valid species: Tieje, A. J., 

1930

Pectinids: Hertlein, L. G., 1928a, 1931b, 1936: 

Woodring, W. P., 1930c

Tertiary species, systematic catalogue, revised 

generic assignments: Keen," A. M., and Bentson, H., 1940,1944

Tertiary species, systematic list, taxonomic 

notes: Gabb, W. M., 1869b

Turritella variata: Wiedey. L. W., 1929b

Typhis lampada: Keen, A. M., 1944

Ventricolaria n. sp.: Keen, A. M. 1954a 

Pacific coast

Acila, valid species, list: Schenck, H. G., 1934, 

1935b

Argopecten: Waller, T. R., 1969

Cardiidae, supraspociflc classification: 

Keen, A. M., 1936a, 1936b, 1951a

Ceratostoma: Hall, C: A., Jr., 1958a

Delectopecten: Woodring, W. P., 1938

"Galeodea", Oligocene and Miocene species: 

Durham, J. W., 1942b ;

Gastropoda, designation of type species: Cossmann, A. E. M., 1895-1925

Lima, giant speoies: Yokes, H. E., 1963

Lyropecten: Woodring, W. P., 1938

Lyropecten, Miocene, Atlantic and Mediterranean counterparts: Mongin, D., 1968

Mactridae: Packard, E. L., 1915

Marginellidae, Pliocene species: Coan, E. V., 

and Roth, B., 1966

Miocene and Pliocene species, taxonomic revisions: Hanna, G D., 1924 : Mulinia: Packard, E. L., 1914

Nassarlidae: Addicott,. W. O., ,1965o, 1965d; 

Herold, S. C., 1917

Miopkiona spp.: Dall, 1907a

Pyramidellldao:.Barts(Sh,'P., 1917a
INDEX

Taxonomy Continued , , 

Pacific coast Continued .. " , 

Searlesia: Grant,. .U. S., 4th, 1933 , 

Solemya: Yokes', H. E., 1955 

Thyasira disjunct? and T. bisecta: Boss, K. J.,

1967; Tegland, N.'M., 1928 

Trochita spp., affinities with Holocene species:

Rehder, H. A., 1943 . . Trophosycon: Gale, H. R., 1929 

Turritella cooperi stock, phylogenetic development: Kotaka, T., i960 

Veneridae, supraspecific classification: Keen, A.

M., 1951b 

Washington

Puget Trough, Clallam and Quillayute Formations, critique of Reagan (1909): Dall.W.H., 

1922

Washington 

Bibliography 

Geological report

1814-1936: Btnnett, W. A. G., 1939 

1937-1958: Reichert, W. H., 1960 

Through 1901: Arnold, R., 1902 

Western, geological reports, annotations: Weaver,

C. E., 1916c 

Biostratigraphy 

Puget Trough 

Clallam Formation: Arnold, R., 1905,.1906a;

Gower, H. D., 1960 

Oligocene and Miocene faunal zones: Durham,

J. W., 1944 

Twin River Formation, upper member:

Gower, H. D., 1960 

Western, post-Eocene faunal zones: Weaver, C.

E., 1916a, 1916b 

Catalog 

Holocene mollusks, Puget Sound, ecologic data,

fossil occurrences: Oldroyd, I. S., 1924a 

Tertiary, new species, 1937-1956: Reichert, W.

H., 1960 

Correlation 

Puget Trough

Clallam Formation: Stirton, R. A., 1960 

Oligocene and Miocene formations: Tegland,

N. M., 1933 

Twin River Formation, upper part: Brown,

R. D., and others, 1960 

Faunal lists 

Grays Harbor basin 

Astoria and Montesano Formations: Etherington, T. J., 1931 

Centralia-Chehalis area, Miocene formations:

Snavely,.P. D., Jr.,.and others, 1958 

Olympic Peninsula

Western, Hob Formation: Arnold, R., 1906a; 

Arnold, R., and Hannibal, H., 1913; Durham, J. W., 1944; Palmer, R. H., 1927b; 

Reagan, A. B., 1909,1910 

Western, Quillayute Formation: Reagan, !

A. B.; 1909- 

Western, Quinault Formation: Arnold R.f

1906a - 

Puget Trough '

Clallam Formation: Tegland, N. M., 1929 I 

Twin River Formation: Durham, J. W., 1944

Washington Continued 

Faunal lists Continued 

Western . . Miocene formations, faunal zones: Weaver,

C. E., 1912, 1916b, 1916C ' ' 

.Post-Eocene formations,.faunal zones: Weaver,

C. E., 1916a 

Faunal records 

Astoria embayment, Miocene formations: Wolfe,

E. W., and McKee, E. H., 1968 . Doty-Minot Peak area,. Miocene formations:

Pease, M. H., and Hoover, L., 1957 

Fossil localities: Livingston, V. E., Jr., 1959 

Olympic Peninsula 

.Western, Hoh and Quillayute Formations:

Palmer, R. H., 1927a 

Western, Miocene, Browns Point Formation:

Glover, S. L., 1940

Puget Trough, Twin River Formation: Jackson, 

H. E., 1966; Brown, R. D., Jr., and Gower, 

H. D., 1958

Southwestern, Bruceport: Landes, H., 1902 

Western, Aturia: Weaver, C. E., 1914 

Paleoclimatology

Pliocene, cool-water indicators: Dall, W. H., 1890 

Paleogeography 

Western, Oligocene and Miocene: Weaver, C. E.,

1918

Systematic descriptions 

Grays Harbor basin 

Astoria Formation: Addicott, W. 0., 1966b;

Etherington, T. J., 1931 

Montesano Formation: Hertlein, L. G., 1925a;

Weaver, C. E., 1912 

Olympic Peninsula, Quillayute Formation:

Reagan, A. B., 1909 

Puget Trough

Clallam Formation: Reagan, A. B., 1909 

Oligocene and Miocene, Twin River Formation: Durham, J. W., 1944; Tegland, N. M., 

1929,1931,1933 

Variamussium pttarense: Slodkewtisch, W. S.,

1938 

Shoalwater Bay, Mytilus condoni: Dall, W. H.,

1890

Western

Area montereyana zone: Weaver, C. E., 1916b 

Miocene formations: Weaver, C. E., 1912 

Taxonomy

Puget Trough, Clallam and Quillayute Formations, critique of Reagan (1909); Dall, W. H., 

1922

Zoogeography 

Alaska

Arctic coast, Nuwok Formation, Atlantic affinities: MacNeil, F. S., 1957 . Bering Sea

Faunal migration: Durham, J. W., 1963; Durham, J. W., and MacNeil, F. S., 1965, 1967; 

Hopkins, D. M., 1967a; Cohen, G., 1968 

Faunal migration, Macoma: Coan, E. V., 1968 

Analysis . .

Pacific coast, living mollusks, geographic ranges 

. B urch, J. Q., ed., 1944-46; Dall, W..IL, .192131 

Keen, A. M., 1937 '... .
INDEX 201

Zoogeography Continued 

Arctic Ocean 

Faunal migration, Miocene, Pacific-Atlantic:

Soot-Ryen, T., 1932

Faunal migration, Pliocene: Ball, W. H., 1921a 

Nuwok Formation, Atlantic affinities: MacNeil,

F. S., 1957 

California 

Coast Ranges

Miocene provinces of Hall (1960), discussion:

Durham, J. W., and Primmer, S. R., 1962

Miocene provinces, reply to Durham and

Primmer (1962): Hall, C. A., Jr., 1962C 

Miocene provinces, San Andreas fault, evidence for lateral slip: Hall, C. A., Jr., 1959a 

1960,1962a

Imperial basin, late Tertiary, tropical affinities: 

Brarakamp, R. A., 1935; Dickerson, R. E., 

1918 

Miocene, Turritella inezana: Addicott, W. O.,

1967a, 1967b 

Provincialism, Miocene and Pliocene: Durham,

J.W., 1963 

Central Araercia 

Costa Rica, Caribbean coast, Miocene, Pacific

analogues: Olsson, A. A., 1922 

Miocene, endemism: Woodring, W. P., 1965 

Panama, Canal Zone, Miocene-Holocene lineages: Woodring, W. P., 1964 

Mexico

Miocene, Gulf of Tehuantepec, Caribbean affinities: Durham, J. W., and others, 1955 

Neogene faunas, Gulf of California, tropical origins: Parker, R. H., 1964 

Venericardia, faunal migration, late Cenozoic: 

Heaslip, W. G., 1968

Zoogeography Continued 

Pacific Coast

Acila, Tertiary migrations: Schenck, H. G., 1936

dementia, Pacific-Caribbean migration, Miocene: Woodring, W. P., 1926a

Faunal migration 

Atlantic-Pacific, Miocene: Clark, B. L., and

Durham, J. W., 1942 

Atlantic-Pacific, Paciphile genera: Woodring,

W. P., 1966

Japan-California, Pliocene: Smith, J. P., 1904 

Late Tertiary: Arnold, R., 1903 

Pacific-Atlantic: Davios, A. M., 1929, 1934;

Ekman, S., 1953; Hagg, R., 1924 

Pacific-Atlantic, Macoma: Coan, E. V., 1969 

Pacific-Atlantic, Mya: MacNeil, F. S., 1965 

Pacific-Atlantic, Nucella: Kincaid, T., 1957 

Searlesia: Grant, U. S., 4th, 1933

Faunal provinces

Holocene, warm-water: Olsson, A. A., 1961 

Tertiary, origins: Schenck, H. G., and Keen, 

A. M., 1936; Smith, J. P., 1919

Holocene species, geographic ranges: Burch, 

J. Q., ed., 1944-46; Dall, W. H., 1921a

Miocene, Caribbean affinities: Arnold, R., and 

Clark, B. L., 1917; Loel, W., and Corey, W. H., 

1931

Neogene, latitudinal faunal change: Addicott, 

W. O., 1968b, 1969c; Clark, B. L., 1921a

Pectinids, Tertiary migrations: MacNeil, F. S., 

1967

Spisula, Pliocene: Chamberlin, J. L., and 

Stearns, F., 1963

Tropical faunas, Caribbean and Indo-Pacific origins: Hertlein, L. G., 1941

Turritdla ocoyana stock, Atlantic origin, geographic distribution: Woodring, W. P., 1928, 

1929

O