NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING

MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL

OF FLORIDA

SECOND DISTRICT

RICHARD BOATRIGHT and )

DEBORAH BOATRIGHT, his wife, )

)

Appellants, )

)

v. ) Case No. 2D15-1781

)

PHILIP MORRIS USA INC., and )

LIGGETT GROUP, LLC, )

)

Appellees. )

)

Opinion filed April 12, 2017.

Appeal from the Circuit Court for Polk 

County; John M. Radabaugh, Judge.

Philip J. Padovano, Celene H. Humphries, 

and Maegen P. Luka of Brannock &

Humphries, Tampa, and Jonathan R. 

Gdanski, Steven Hammer, and Brittany 

Chambers of Schlesinger Law Offices, P.A., 

Fort Lauderdale, for Appellants.

M. Sean Laane and Geoffrey J. Michael of 

Arnold & Porter LLP, Washington, D.C.; and

William P. Geraghty and Rachel A. Canfield 

of Shook, Hardy & Bacon, L.L.P., Miami, for 

Appellee Philip Morris USA Inc.

Wayne L. Thomas of Akerman Senterfitt, 

Tampa; and Kelly Anne Luther, Maria Ruiz, 

Giselle Gonzalez Manseur, and Ann M. St. 

Peter-Griffith of Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & 

Friedman, LLP, Miami; and Karen H. Curtis 
- 2 -

of Clarke Silverglate, P.A., Miami, for 

Appellee Liggett Group, LLC.

BADALAMENTI, Judge.

Appellants Richard and Deborah Boatright are former Engle1 plaintiffs who 

obtained a $32.75 million jury verdict against Appellees Philip Morris USA Inc. and 

Liggett Group, LLC (the tobacco companies). The trial court partially denied the 

Boatrights' posttrial motion to tax attorneys' fees and costs, holding that proposals for

settlement served by the Boatrights upon the tobacco companies' attorneys could not 

serve as a basis to award fees and costs because they were not served by e-mail. The 

trial court reasoned that the method of service by which the Boatrights served their 

proposals for settlement—U.S. Certified Mail—did not strictly comply with the service 

requirements for proposals for settlement. We disagree and reverse.

PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND

The facts here are both undisputed and straightforward. Prior to trial, the 

Boatrights served four proposals for settlement on the tobacco companies—one from 

each plaintiff to each defendant for $200,000, totaling $800,000. Attached to each of 

the four proposals was a corresponding certificate of service signed by the Boatrights'

attorney. The certificates of service attached to the proposals were set forth in the 

following format: "I hereby certify that on the 31st of July, 2014, the foregoing document 

was served on [the tobacco companies' respective attorneys] at [the corresponding law 

firm's mailing address] . . . for PHILLIP MORRIS U.S.A., INC. [or LIGGETT GROUP, 

 

1Engle v. Liggett Grp., Inc., 945 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 2006).
- 3 -

LLC] via U.S. Certified Mail." (Bolded text in originals). The tobacco companies

received and did not accept the proposals.

Upon receiving the jury's verdict, the Boatrights filed a motion to tax 

attorneys' fees and costs based in part on the tobacco companies' failure to accept the 

Boatrights' proposals for settlement.

2

 See § 768.79(6)(b), Fla. Stat. (2013); Fla. R. Civ. 

P. 1.442(h). After a hearing on the motion, the trial court held that the Boatrights were 

not entitled to attorneys' fees and costs because they did not serve their proposals for 

settlement on the tobacco companies' attorneys by e-mail, and therefore did not strictly 

comply with section 768.79 and rule 1.442.

DISCUSSION

The question before us is whether section 768.79 and rule 1.442 mandate 

e-mail as the exclusive method for service of pretrial proposals for settlement upon a 

party. Because section 768.79 and rule 1.442 depart from common law, they demand 

strict compliance and strict construction. See Diamond Aircraft Indus., Inc. v. 

Horowitch, 107 So. 3d 362, 377 (Fla. 2013); Campbell v. Goldman, 959 So. 2d 223, 226 

(Fla. 2007) (citing Willis Shaw Express, Inc. v. Hilyer Sod, Inc., 849 So. 2d 276, 278 

(Fla. 2003)). Failure to strictly comply with section 768.79 and rule 1.442 will render a 

proposal for settlement invalid, and therefore incapable of supporting an award of 

attorneys' fees and costs. Campbell, 959 So. 2d at 226.

We must discern a drafter's intent by analyzing the text's plain and 

ordinary meaning. Gallagher v. Manatee County, 927 So. 2d 914, 919 (Fla. 2d DCA 

 

2The Boatrights also moved to recover costs pursuant to section 57.041, 

Florida Statutes (2013), which was granted by the trial court. That basis for the award 

of costs is not being challenged in this appeal.
- 4 -

2006) (quoting State v. Burris, 875 So. 2d 408, 410 (Fla. 2004)).3 Where, as here, 

"there are several rules pertaining to the same subject they are to be construed together 

and in relation to each other." In re Cleary's Estate, 135 So. 2d 428, 430 (Fla. 2d DCA 

1961).

A. The Text and Interplay of Section 768.79, Rule 1.442, and Rule 1.080

Section 768.79 does not provide for any particular method of service of a 

proposal for settlement. It merely states that a proposal for settlement "shall be served" 

upon the party to whom the proposal is made, but it shall not be filed with the court

unless it is accepted, or filing is necessary to enforce the provisions of the statute. § 

768.79(3). Similarly, rule 1.442(d) states that "[a] proposal shall be served on the party 

or parties to whom it is made but shall not be filed unless necessary to enforce the 

provisions of this rule." Thus, although both section 768.79 and rule 1.442 do not set 

any specific method of service for proposals for settlement, they are both absolutely 

clear that proposals for settlement are not to be filed, unless: (1) they are part of a 

motion for incorporation into a final judgment; or (2) they are part of a motion to enforce 

the provisions of section 768.79 or rule 1.442, such as a motion for attorneys' fees and 

costs.

There is no dispute that the Boatrights did not file their proposals with the 

trial court until they sought to enforce the attorneys' fees and costs provisions of section 

768.79(6)(b) and rule 1.442(h). There is also no dispute that the Boatrights attached 

 

3

"The same principles of construction apply to court rules as apply to 

statutes." Mitchell v. State, 911 So. 2d 1211, 1214 (Fla. 2005) (quoting Gervais v. City 

of Melbourne, 890 So. 2d 412, 414 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004)).
- 5 -

their proposals to their motion to tax attorneys' fees and costs. Therefore, the 

Boatrights strictly complied with section 768.79 and rule 1.442.

That said, the tobacco companies contend that rule 1.442 provides 

additional guidance as to the method of service of proposals for settlement upon an 

opposing party. In particular, they point to rule 1.442(c)(2)(G), which states that "[a] 

proposal [for settlement] shall . . . include a certificate of service in the form required by 

[Florida Rule of Civil Procedure] 1.080." There is no dispute that the Boatrights'

proposals for settlement each contained a certificate of service. The conundrum is that 

rule 1.442(c)(2)(G) refers to rule 1.080, which does not specify "the form" of the 

certificate. In fact, rule 1.080 states nothing about a certificate of service. The only 

reference to service is within rule 1.080(a), which states that "[e]very pleading 

subsequent to the initial pleading, all orders, and every other document filed in the 

action must be served in conformity with the requirements of Florida Rule of Judicial 

Administration 2.516." (Emphasis added.) The plain language of rule 1.080(a) yields 

the conclusion that, unless a document is filed in the action, its service need not be in 

conformity with rule 2.516's requirements.

The legislature and the drafters of the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, as 

adopted by our supreme court, have expressly stated that proposals for settlement

"shall not" be filed in an action until such time the proposal is accepted or a party seeks 

enforcement of a proposal. § 768.79(3); Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.442(d). Simply stated, 

proposals for settlement are not subject to the service requirements of rule 2.516 

because the proposals do not meet rule 1.080(a)'s threshold requirement that they be 

"filed in the action." Because the scope of rule 1.080(a) is confined to documents filed 
- 6 -

in an action, the Boatrights have strictly complied with the applicable statute and rules 

we have examined up to this point.

However, the tobacco companies insist that the heart of their argument is 

found within the language of rule 2.516. Accordingly, we now turn our attention to the 

text of that rule.

B. Rule 2.516(f)'s Certificate of Service Form

Rule 2.516(f) is the only rule we have identified setting forth the form of a 

certificate of service to which rule 1.442(c)(2)(G) refers.4 Pursuant to the form in rule 

2.516(f), an attorney must certify in substance "that the foregoing document has been 

furnished to (here insert name or names, addresses used for service, and mailing 

addresses) by (e-mail) (delivery) (mail) (fax) on . . . (date) . . .". Thus, within section 

2.516(f)'s certificate of service requirements, e-mail, hand delivery, mail, and fax are 

permissible methods of service. Attachment of the certificate in rule 2.516(f) is "taken 

as prima facie proof of . . . service in compliance" with rule 2.516.5

For purposes of comparison, the Boatrights' certificates of service state, "I 

hereby certify that on the 31st of July, 2014, the foregoing document was served on . . . 

 

4

In 2012, the certificate of service in the now-defunct rule 1.080(f) was 

moved to rule 2.516(f). See In re Amendments to Fla. R. Jud. Admin., Fla. R. Civ. P., 

Fla. R. Crim. P., Fla. Prob. R., Fla. R. Traff. Ct., Fla. Sm. Cl. R., Fla. R. Juv. P., Fla. R. 

App. P., Fla. Fam. L. R. P.—E-Mail Serv. Rule, 102 So. 3d 505, 509-10 (Fla. 2012). We 

invite the drafters of the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure to clarify rule 1.442(c)(2)(G), to 

the extent that the certificate of the service is now contained within rule 2.516(f).

 

5

It would be strange if the certificate of service form set forth in rule 

2.516(f) listed an impermissible method of service. After all, a certificate of service in 

compliance with rule 2.516(f) evidences prima facie proof of service. Therefore, we 

suggest that litigants who wish to serve pretrial proposals for settlement look to the 

methods of service listed in 2.516(f) for guidance.
- 7 -

counsel for PHILLIP MORRIS U.S.A., INC. [or LIGGETT GROUP, LLC], via U.S. 

Certified Mail." Here, the certificates of service attached to the Boatrights' proposals 

both track the form in rule 2.516(f) and specify mail as the method of service. The 

Boatrights' certificates of service thus comply with the form of the certificate of service 

set forth in rule 2.516(f) and thus are evidence of prima facie service in compliance with 

rule 2.516. Therefore, to the extent that rule 1.442(c)(2)(G) incorporates the certificate 

of service form in rule 2.516(f), the Boatrights have again strictly complied with the 

applicable statute and rules.

However, the tobacco companies are not content with certificates of 

service which comply with rule 2.516(f). Instead, the tobacco companies argue that the

mandatory e-mail service requirement located elsewhere in rule 2.516 applies to the 

service of pretrial proposals for settlement on an opposing party.

6

 We now turn our 

attention to the e-mail service requirement.

C. Applicability of Rule 2.516(b)(1)'s Mandatory E-Mail Service Requirement

Rule 2.516 begins with two subsections entitled "(a) Service; When 

Required" and "(b) Service; How Made." In pertinent part, rule 2.516(a) states that 

"every pleading subsequent to the initial pleading and every other document filed in any 

court proceeding . . . must be served in accordance with this rule on each party." 

(Emphasis added.) Rule 2.516(b)(1) states that "[a]ll documents required or permitted 

to be served on another party must be served by e-mail, unless the parties otherwise 

 

6The manner in which the tobacco companies arrive at this conclusion is 

not immediately obvious, but they believe that the language referencing a certificate of 

service in rule 1.442(d) also incorporates the entirety of rule 2.516 into section 768.79 

and rule 1.442. Even if rule 1.442(d) refers to something other than a certificate of 

service, we disagree with the tobacco companies, as explained below. 
- 8 -

stipulate or this rule otherwise provides." (Emphasis added.) The thrust of rule 

2.516(b)(1) is to mandate that e-mail be the exclusive service method for a certain 

category of documents.

The tobacco companies construe the phrase "all documents" in rule 

2.516(b)(1) to encompass any document which may be served upon an opposing party, 

including proposals for settlement. Based upon our reading of the plain and ordinary 

language set forth in section 768.79(3), rule 1.442(d), and rule 2.516, we disagree with 

the tobacco companies' construction.

Legal text "should be interpreted to give effect to every clause in it, and to 

accord meaning and harmony to all of its parts." Jones v. ETS of New Orleans, Inc., 

793 So. 2d 912, 914-15 (Fla. 2001) (quoting Acosta v. Richter, 671 So. 2d 149, 153-54 

(Fla. 1996)). If a statutory provision appears to have a clear meaning in isolation, "but 

when given that meaning is inconsistent with other parts of the same statute or others in 

pari materia, the [c]ourt will examine the entire act and those in pari materia in order to 

ascertain the overall legislative intent." Fla. State Racing Comm'n v. McLaughlin, 102 

So. 2d 574, 575-76 (Fla. 1958). Whenever possible, we must avoid construing legal 

text as "mere surplusage." Hechtman v. Nations Title Ins. of N.Y., 840 So. 2d 993, 996 

(Fla. 2003) (citing Hawkins v. Ford Motor Co., 748 So. 2d 993 (Fla. 1999)).

The tobacco companies' expansive reading of rule 2.516(b)(1) would 

render subsection (a) meaningless and only prevails if we were to impermissibly read 

rule 2.516(b)(1) in isolation. By its title, rule 2.516(a) sets forth when the service 

requirements of rule 2.516 apply. Rule 2.516(a) confines the scope of rule 2.516 to 

"every pleading subsequent to the initial pleading and every other document filed in any 
- 9 -

court proceeding." (Emphasis added.) Rule 2.516(b)(1) then sets forth the method by 

which those documents must be served, which is principally by e-mail, albeit with some 

exceptions inapplicable to this case. Reading rule 2.516(a) and (b)(1) together, the 

word "documents" in subsection (b)(1) is confined in meaning to "document[s] filed in 

any court proceeding," consistent with the text of subsection (a). See Hechtman, 840 

So. 2d at 996; Jones, 793 So. 2d at 914-15. It makes no sense for rule 2.516(b)(1)'s email service requirements to apply to a broader scope of documents than specified by 

2.516(a), which is the portion of rule 2.516 defining its scope.

Even more, because rule 2.516(a) expressly confines its scope to the 

service of documents "filed in any court proceeding," we are compelled to read the rule 

as excluding documents which are not "filed in any court proceeding." See Moonlit 

Waters Apartments, Inc. v. Cauley, 666 So. 2d 898, 900 (Fla. 1996) ("Under the 

principle of statutory construction, expressio unius est exclusio alterius, the mention of 

one thing implies the exclusion of another." (citing Bergh v. Stephens, 175 So. 2d 787 

(Fla. 1st DCA 1965))); see also United States v. Koonce, 991 F.2d 693, 698 (11th Cir. 

1993) ("The canon of statutory construction that the inclusion of one implies the 

exclusion of others is well-established.").

We will not accept the tobacco company's invitation to read rule 

2.516(b)(1)'s e-mail service in isolation so as to mandate e-mail service for all 

documents, even those that have been mandated by the legislature to not be filed, such 

as proposals for settlement. The prescriptions of rule 2.516(b)(1) "should no more be 

allowed to trump [section 768.79] than the tail should be allowed to wag the dog." 

Kuhajda v. Borden Dairy Co. of Ala., LLC., 202 So. 3d 391, 395-96 (Fla. 2016). 
- 10 -

Our review of the entire text of rule 2.516(b)(1) also supports our 

conclusion that mandatory e-mail service is only required for documents that are filed in 

an action. Rule 2.516(b)(1) only requires e-mail service "unless the parties otherwise 

stipulate or this rule otherwise provides." (Emphasis added.) The emphasized phrase 

"unless . . . this rule otherwise provides" encompasses the language in subsection (a), 

which confines the word "documents" to only those documents filed in the action. 

Accordingly, the text and context of rule 2.516(b)(1) also support our construction. 

Finally, rule 2.516(d) states that "[a]ll documents must be filed with the 

court either before service or immediately thereafter, unless otherwise provided for by 

general law or other rules." (Emphasis added.) Again, because section 768.79(3) and 

rule 1.442(d) expressly state that proposals for settlement shall not be filed, we construe 

section 768.79(3) and rule 1.442(d) as exceptions "provided for by general law and 

other rules." If proposals for settlement are excluded from the mandatory filing 

requirement in rule 2.516(d), they are also excluded from the e-mail service requirement

which is mandatory only if the documents were required to be filed in the first instance. 

Thus, the context of rule 2.516(d) supports our conclusion as well.

In sum, we hold that the mandatory e-mail service requirement set forth in 

rule 2.516(b)(1) does not apply to service of pretrial proposals for settlement. In the 

context of proposals for settlement, the mandatory e-mail service requirement in rule

2.516(b)(1) is only triggered when the proposals are attached to motions for acceptance 

or enforcement under section 768.79(3) or rule 1.442(d) that are filed in court. The 

Boatrights attached their proposals for settlement to their motion to tax attorneys' fees 
- 11 -

and costs, filed with their motion with the trial court, and had previously served their 

proposals for settlement upon the tobacco companies' counsel by U.S. Certified Mail.

D. Matte v. Caplan, Wheaton v. Wheaton, and Douglas v. Zachry Industrial, Inc.

The tobacco companies cite to opinions they believe support a broad 

construction of rule 2.516(b)(1) and contradict our interpretation of the rule. None of 

these cases address the discrete issue before us—namely, whether the e-mail service 

requirement in rule 2.516(b)(1) applies to proposals for settlement. Instead, these 

cases either decide ancillary issues which do not address the interplay between rule 

2.516(a) and 2.516(b)(1), or simply do not relate to proposals for settlement at all. See

Matte v. Caplan, 140 So. 3d 686, 689-90 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014) (holding that a motion for 

sanctions was invalid because it did not comply with the e-mail formatting requirements 

in rule 2.516(b)(1)(E)); see also Floyd v. Smith, 160 So. 3d 567, 569 (Fla. 1st DCA 

2015) (implying that rule 2.516 governs proposals for settlement, but ultimately holding 

that the absence of a certificate of service did not render a proposal for settlement 

invalid where it was served by e-mail); Courtney v. Catalina, Ltd., 130 So. 3d 739, 740 

(Fla. 3d DCA 2014) (holding that a trial court erred in dismissing a case for lack of 

prosecution where there was no evidence that plaintiff received a computer-generated 

notice of inactivity); Milton v. Reyes, 22 So. 3d 624, 624 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009) (holding 

that a proposal for settlement could not support a fee award because it failed to include 

any certificate of service whatsoever, as required by the former version of rule 1.080).

The most analogous of these cases is Matte, where a defendant served a 

motion for sanctions on plaintiff pursuant to section 57.105, Florida Statutes (2013), 

shortly after being served with plaintiff's complaint. 140 So. 3d at 687-88. The motion 
- 12 -

for sanctions was served on plaintiff by e-mail, but not filed due to the twenty-one-day 

grace period in section 57.105(4). The e-mail failed to comply with a number of 

formatting requirements in rule 2.516(b)(1)(E). Specifically, the e-mail failed to: (1) 

include a PDF copy of the motion or a link to the motion on a website maintained by the 

clerk; (2) include the words "SERVICE OF DOCUMENT" in the e-mail's subject line; and 

(3) include the case number, the name of each initial party, the title of each document 

served, and the sender's name and telephone number in the body of the e-mail. Id. 

Eventually, defendant filed a timely motion for sanctions with the trial court. Id. at 688. 

Plaintiff argued that the motion was never properly served because defendant's e-mail 

to plaintiff failed to comply with rule 2.516(b)(1)(E). Id. The trial court denied the 

motion. Id. On appeal, the Fourth District affirmed the judgment of the trial court. Id. at 

690. The Fourth District began its analysis of rule 2.516 by interpreting subsection 

(b)(1). Then, without analyzing rule 2.516(a), the Fourth District moved directly to the 

requirements in 2.516(b)(1)(E). Because the defendant did not comply with the 

requirements, the Fourth District upheld the ruling of the trial court.

We decline to apply Matte to the case before us. The Matte decision does 

not concern proposals for settlement. As such, it does not directly address the question 

we are called upon to decide here. Moreover, the Matte court did not analyze whether 

the scope of documents to be filed by e-mail in rule 2.516(b)(1) was limited by rule 

2.516(a)'s confining that scope to documents filed in an action. In fact, the Matte

opinion does not contain any analysis of rule 2.516(a)—it simply presumes that 

preliminary service of a motion for sanctions under section 57.105(4) must be 

accomplished by e-mail. As we have already explained, rule 2.516 contains no such 
- 13 -

requirement for documents which are not required to be filed with the court at the time 

at which that document is served. Similar to proposals for settlement, motions for 

sanctions under section 57.105 are not filed in court unless it is necessary to enforce

them. Compare § 57.105(4), with § 768.79(3), and Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.442(d). The Matte

court's failure to recognize the proper scope of documents subject to e-mail service 

requirement constitutes a fatal flaw in that court's reasoning. Accordingly, we will not 

extend that reasoning to the milieu of service of pretrial proposals for settlement.

We are instead persuaded by the analysis in Douglas v. Zachry Industrial,

Inc., No. 6:13-cv-1943-Orl-40GJK, 2015 WL 6750803, at *2-3 (M.D. Fla. Nov. 05, 2015). 

The Douglas plaintiff served a proposal for settlement upon defendant by e-mail, and 

the text of the proposal specifically provided that the proposal would not be filed with the 

court unless filing was necessary to enforce the proposal. Id. at *1. Ultimately, the 

proposal was rejected and plaintiff moved for attorneys' fees and costs on the basis of 

the proposal. Id. As in Matte, the defendant argued that the proposal was invalid 

because it failed to comply with the formatting requirements of rule 2.516(b)(1)(E)—it 

did not contain the words "SERVICE OF COURT DOCUMENT" in uppercase letters 

within the e-mail's subject line. Douglas, 2015 WL 6750803, at *1. Rather, the subject 

line contained all of these words in lowercase letters. Id.

The Douglas court held that the e-mail service requirement in rule 2.516 

did not apply to proposals for settlement. Id. at *2-3. Specifically, the Douglas court

held, as we do here, that rule 2.516(a) restricted the scope of the word "documents" in 

rule 2.516(b)(1) to only those documents filed in court. Id. at *2-3. Because rule 

1.442(d) states that a proposal for settlement "shall not" be filed, the Douglas court 
- 14 -

determined that the e-mail service requirement did not apply to proposals for settlement. 

Id. at *2. And because the e-mail service requirement did not apply, the e-mail 

formatting requirements in rule 2.516(b)(1)(E) also did not apply. Id. at *2-3. In 

addition, the Douglas court expressed disagreement with the holding of Matte. 

Douglas, 2015 WL 6750803, at *3. We find the Douglas court's reading of rule 2.516(a) 

both persuasive and correct.

After briefing and oral argument in this case, the Third District held that 

proposals for settlement must comply with rule 2.516(b)(1)'s mandatory e-mail service 

requirement. Wheaton v. Wheaton, 42 Fla. L. Weekly D411, D412 (Fla. 3d DCA Feb. 

15, 2017). There, the appellant served a proposal for settlement by e-mail. Id. at D411. 

It was undisputed that this e-mailed proposal neglected to comply with "certain 

requirements for service by e-mail" set forth in rule 2.516(b)(1)(E)(i)-(v). Id. As such, 

the trial court ruled that the proposal for settlement could not support an award of 

attorneys' fees, and the Third District affirmed. Id. at D412. 

The Wheaton court focused on rule 2.516(b)(1)'s language specifying that 

the e-mail service requirement applies to documents that are either "required or

permitted to be served upon another." Id. (citing Fla. R. Jud. Admin 2.516(b)(1))

(emphasis added). The Wheaton court acknowledged that proposals for settlement are 

not required to be contemporaneously filed upon service, and therefore are not covered 

by rule 2.516(a). Id. However, the Wheaton court reasoned that the e-mail service 

requirement extends to proposals for settlement anyway, because proposals for 

settlement qualify as documents "permitted to be served" under rule 2.516(b)(1). Id. 

The Wheaton court then adopted the reasoning in Matte and Floyd and essentially 
- 15 -

created a bright line rule that e-mail is the exclusive method for service upon a party for 

any document whatsoever. Id. We respectfully disagree with the Wheaton court.

As explained, rule 2.516(b)(1)'s mandatory service requirement is confined 

to every pleading subsequent to the initial pleading and documents that are filed in 

court—it does not extend to literally every document which is due to be served. Our 

decision to reject Wheaton's holding is grounded in our reading of the plain language of 

section 768.79(3) and rule 1.442(d). In no uncertain terms, the legislature and supreme 

court have emphatically directed that parties "shall" serve proposals for settlement on 

opposing parties—such service is not merely "permitted." § 768.79(3); Fla. R. Civ. P. 

1.442(d). Moreover, the plain language of rule 2.516(a) does not imply that "every 

pleading subsequent to the initial pleading and every other document filed in a court 

proceeding" are the only types of documents which are "required" to be served—it 

merely states that they are the only types of documents which must be served "in 

accordance with [rule 2.516]." To hold that rule 2.516(b)(1)'s mandatory e-mail service 

requirement applies to proposals for settlement, or any document not explicitly 

contemplated by rule 2.516(a), we would have to rewrite rule 2.516(a) and turn a blind 

eye to section 768.79(3) and rule 1.442(d).

In our final analysis, we respectfully diverge from the Wheaton court's 

construction of the applicable statute and rules of court. In our view, the plain and 

unambiguous language of rule 2.516(b)(1)'s mandatory e-mail service requirement is 

confined to "document[s] filed in any court proceeding," in conjunction with the text of 

subsection (a). See Hechtman, 840 So. 2d at 996; Jones, 793 So. 2d at 914-15. The 

Wheaton court’s construction has great practicality in that it creates a bright-line e-mail 
- 16 -

service requirement for all documents due to be served upon a party, but this 

construction is not buttressed by the text of rule 2.516 and is contrary to the plain 

language of section 768.79(3) and rule 1.442(d). 

CONCLUSION

The trial court erred in denying the Boatrights' motion for attorneys' fees 

and costs for failing to strictly comply with section 768.79 and rule 1.442. The 

mandatory e-mail service requirement in rule 2.516(b)(1) does not apply to pretrial

proposals for settlement. The Boatrights strictly complied with the statute and 

corresponding procedural rules governing the service of proposals for settlement by: (1) 

serving their proposals via U.S. Certified Mail; and (2) attaching to each of their 

proposals a certificate of service. We reverse the order of the trial court and remand for 

an award of attorneys' fees and costs in favor of the Boatrights. The amount of the 

award is to be determined by the trial court. The court's award of costs to the Boatrights 

pursuant to section 57.041 is affirmed. We certify conflict with the Third District's 

decision in Wheaton.

Affirmed in part, reversed in part; remanded for award of attorneys' fees

and costs; conflict certified.

SILBERMAN and LaROSE, JJ., Concur.