III 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 369 

Recognizing the contributions of the Montagnard indigenous tribespeople of 

the Central Highlands of Vietnam to the United States Armed Forces 

during the Vietnam War, and condemning the ongoing violation of human 

rights by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 22, 2019 

Mr. BURR (for himself and Mr. TILLIS) submitted the following resolution; 

which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the contributions of the Montagnard indigenous 

tribespeople of the Central Highlands of Vietnam to the 

United States Armed Forces during the Vietnam War, 

and condemning the ongoing violation of human rights 

by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 

Whereas the Montagnards are an indigenous tribespeople living in Vietnam’s Central Highlands region; 

Whereas the Montagnards were driven into the mountains by 

invading Vietnamese and Cambodians in the 9th century; 

Whereas French Roman Catholic missionaries converted 

many of the Montagnards in the 19th century and American Protestant missionaries subsequently converted 

many to various Protestant sects; 


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•SRES 369 IS 

Whereas, during the 1960s, the United States Mission in Saigon, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and United 

States Army Special Forces, also known as the Green 

Berets, trained the Montagnards in unconventional warfare; 

Whereas an estimated 61,000 Montagnards, out of an estimated population of 1,000,000, fought alongside the 

United States and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam 

(ARVN) forces against the North Vietnamese Army and 

the Viet Cong; 

Whereas the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Special Forces, and the Montagnards cooperated on the Village Defense Program, a forerunner to the War’s Strategic Hamlet Program, and an estimated 43,000 

Montagnards were organized into ‘‘Civilian Irregular Defense Groups’’ (CIDGs) to provide protection for the 

areas around the CIDGs’ operational bases; 

Whereas, at its peak, the CIDGs had approximately 50 operational bases, with each base containing a contingent of 

two United States Army officers and ten enlisted men, 

and an ARVN unit of the same size, and each base 

trained 200 to 700 Montagnards, or ‘‘strikers’’; 

Whereas another 18,000 Montagnards were reportedly enlisted into mobile strike forces, and various historical accounts describe a strong bond between the United States 

Special Forces and the Montagnards, in contrast to Vietnamese Special Forces and ARVN troops; 

Whereas the lives of thousands of members of the United 

States Armed Forces were saved as a result of the heroic 

actions of the Montagnards, who fought loyally and 


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bravely alongside United States Special Forces in the 

Vietnam War; 

Whereas, after the fall of the Republic of Vietnam in 1975, 

thousands of Montagnards fled across the border into 

Cambodia to escape persecution; 

Whereas the Government of the reunified Vietnamese nation, 

renamed the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, deeply distrusted the Montagnards who had sided with the United 

States and ARVN forces and subjected them to imprisonment and various forms of discrimination and oppression 

after the Vietnam War ended; 

Whereas, after the Vietnam War, the United States Government resettled large numbers of Montagnards, mostly in 

North Carolina, and an estimated several thousand 

Montagnards currently reside in North Carolina, which is 

the largest population of Montagnards residing outside of 

Vietnam; 

Whereas the Socialist Republic of Vietnam currently remains 

a one-party state, ruled and controlled by the Communist 

Party of Vietnam (CPV), which continues to restrict freedom of religion, movement, land and property rights, and 

political expression; 

Whereas officials of the Government of Vietnam have forced 

Montagnards to publicly denounce their religion, arrested 

and imprisoned Montagnards who organized public demonstrations, and mistreated Montagnards in detention; 

Whereas some Montagnard Americans have complained that 

Vietnamese authorities either have prevented them from 

visiting Vietnam or have subjected them to interrogation 

upon re-entering the country on visits; 


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•SRES 369 IS 

Whereas the Department of State’s 2018 Country Reports on 

Human Rights Practices (‘‘2018 Human Rights Report’’) 

documents that, despite Vietnam’s significant economic 

growth, some indigenous and ethnic minority communities benefited little from improved economic conditions, 

even though such communities formed a majority of the 

population in certain areas, including the Northwest and 

Central Highlands and portions of the Mekong Delta; 

Whereas the 2018 Human Rights Report states that, although Vietnamese law prohibits discrimination against 

ethnic minorities, such social discrimination was longstanding and persistent, notably in the Central Highlands; 

Whereas the 2018 Human Rights Report documents that 

land rights protesters have reported regular instances of 

government authorities physically harassing and intimidating them at land expropriation sites around the country, or arresting local residents for ‘‘causing public disorder’’; 

Whereas the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) references in its 2019 Annual 

Report (the ‘‘2019 USCIRF Report’’) the accounts of 

Montagnards being publicly berated and humiliated for 

their affiliation with the unrecognized Evangelical Church 

of Christ; 

Whereas the 2019 USCIRF Report documents that one-quarter of prisoners of conscience were minority religious 

groups, including the Montagnards; 

Whereas the 2019 USCIRF Report estimates that 10,000 individuals in the Central Highlands are refused ID cards, 

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thorities in retaliation for refusing to renounce their 

faith; and 

Whereas USCIRF has recommended every year since 2002 

that Vietnam be designated a Country of Particular Concern (CPC) under the International Religious Freedom 

Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–292) due to ‘‘systematic, 

ongoing, egregious violations of religious freedom’’: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) recognizes the contributions of the 

3 Montagnards who fought loyally and bravely with 

4 United States Armed Forces during the Vietnam 

5 War and who continue to suffer persecution in Viet6 nam as a result of this relationship; 

7 (2) condemns ongoing actions by the Govern8 ment of Vietnam to suppress basic human rights 

9 and civil liberties for all its citizens; 

10 (3) calls on the Government of Vietnam to 

11 allow human rights groups access to all regions of 

12 the country and to end restrictions of basic human 

13 rights, including the right for Montagnards to prac14 tice their Christian faith freely, the right to land and 

15 property, freedom of movement, the right to retain 

16 ethnic identity and culture, and access to an ade17 quate standard of living; and 

18 (4) urges the President and Congress to develop 

19 policies that support Montagnards and other 


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1 marginalized ethnic minority and indigenous popu2 lations in Vietnam and reflect United States inter3 ests and commitment to upholding human rights 

4 and democracy abroad. 

Æ 


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