P.1 

OAR Box 1770 

Prepped by Keeia Richards 

Document Number: 

36)XII-C-4 

Docket Number: 

A-79-15 

Printed 1072872008 10.20:29 AM Sheet 36 of 93 
P.2 

* Singh, Kamal VA01,11/2/99 6:24 PM -0500, 

Docket No. A-79-15 

Item No. Xn-C-4 

From: "Singh, Kamal VA01" <KSingh@icfconsulting.com> 

To: 'David Ailor' <dailor§accci.org> 

Cc: "Palmer, Walter VA01" <WPalmer@icfconsulting.com> 

Subj ect: 

Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 18:24:37 -0500 

0/\jv^t)voor^ (p\\ 

David: 

Please find attached the list that Walt Palmer discussed with you earlier 

today. 

Kamal Singh. 

«inputAs sumptions. doc» 

| inputAssumptions.doc 

MAR - 9 2004 

EPA AIR DOCKET 

Printed for David Ailor <daiIor@nopa.org> 
P.3 

Preliminary Draft List of Model Input Values 

ICF Consulting is conducting screening-level atmospheric dispersion modeling to project atmospheric 

concentrations and surface deposition rates of gaseous, vapor phase, and particulate air pollutants emitted 

from coke oven facilities. 

The model first simulates plume rise using USEPA guideline Buoyant Line Source Model (BLP) and 

second simulates dispersion and deposition using USEPA endorsed Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) 

model. ICF has conducted a very preliminary screening run with this model, using hypothetical or default 

data from a combination of sources, and conservative assumptions. The inputs used for the screening run 

and the corresponding sources of information are listed below. 

Table I: Model Inputs Used for the BLP Modeling. 

Parameter 

Buoyancy Flux - Convective He 

Number of ovens for battery 

number 3 

Total number of ovens for 

plume rise calculations 

Height of oven 

Width of oven 

Length of oven 

Diameter of oven offtakes 

Offtake height 

Surface temp of oven door 

Surface temp of oven top 

Surface temp of offtake 

Ambient temp 

Average coal throughput 

Buoyancy Flux -Fugitive Emiss 

Charging 

PMIO emission factor 

PMIO per unit volume per 

opacity % 

Percent opacity 

Exit temperature 

Door Leaks 

PMIO emission factor 

PMIO per unit volume per 

opacity % 

Percent opacity 

Exit temperature 

Model 

Input 

Value 

at Transfer 

76 

76 

13.1 

2.2 

43.8 

2 

5 

425 

422 

422 

293 

0.90 

ions 

0.0004 

3.00E-07 

60 

626 

0.02 

3.00E-07 

60 

626 

Units 

ft 

ft 

ft 

ft 

ft 

K 

K 

K 

K 

ton coal/(hroven) 

(lbPMlO/ton 

coal) 

lb/ft3 

% 

K 

(IbPMlO/ton 

coal) 

Ib/ft3 

% 

K 

Source 

A K Steel, Middletown, Battery Number 3. 

A K Steel, Middletown (Batteries 1 and 2 shutdown 

on 12/31/95). 

"Coke Oven NESHAP Track Selection Table," 

ACCCI, March 1998. Data for A K Steel 

Middletown. 

"Site-Specific Modeling Methodology for Assessing 

Risk Associated with Emissions from Coke Oven 

Facilities," prepared by Sciences International Inc., 

1998. Data for Geneva Steel. Henceforth referred 

to as "Geneva Steel." 

Geneva Steel. 

Geneva Steel. 

Geneva Steel. 

Geneva Steel. 

Geneva Steel. 

Geneva Steel. 

Engineering judgement. 

Section 114 Coke Facilities Survey. Table 2: 

Summary of Battery Design and Operation. 1997 

data for A K Steel Middletown. 

Draft AP-42 Table 12.2-2. Assuming postNESHAP controls. 

Allegheny County Health Department (ACHD). 

1995. Liberty Borough PM-10 SIP Buoyancy 

Calculations. Henceforth referred to as "ACHD." 

ACHD. 

Geneva Steel. 

Draft AP-42 Table 12.2-2. Assuming postNESHAP controls. 

ACHD. 

ACHD. 

Geneva Steel. 
P.4 

Parameter 

Lid and Offtake Leaks 

PMIO emission factor 

PMIO per unit volume per 

opacity % 

Percent opacity 

Exit temperature 

Pushing 

PMIO emission factor 

PMIO per unit volume per 

opacity % 

Percent opacity 

Exit temperature 

Travel Car 

PMIO emission factor 

PMIO per unit volume per 

opacity % 

Percent opacity 

Exit temperature 

Decarbonizing 

PMIO emission factor 

PMIO per unit volume per 

opacity % 

Percent opacity 

Exit temperature 

Model 

Input 

Value 

0.000376 

3.00E-07 

60 

626 

0.09 

3.00E-07 

5 

1,033 

0.458 

3.00E-07 

10 

1,033 

0.05 

3.00E-07 

60 

1,255 

Units 

(lbPM10/ton 

coal) 

lb/ft3 

% 

K 

(IbPMlO/ton 

coal) 

lb/ft3 

% 

K 

(lbPMlO/hrtravel car) 

lb/ft3 

% 

K 

(lb PMlO/ton 

coal) 

Ib/ft3 

% 

K 

Source 

Draft AP-42 Table 12.2-2. Assuming postNESHAP controls. 

ACHD. 

ACHD. 

Geneva Steel. 

Draft AP-42 Table 12.2-8. Assuming emissions 

captured bv travelling hood and a baghouse. 

ACHD. 

ACHD. 

Geneva Steel. 

1/20* of ACHD emission factor to account for 

capture efficiency of Coke side sheds. 

ACHD. 

ACHD. 

Geneva Steel. 

ACHD. 

ACHD. 

ACHD. 

Geneva Steel. 

Figure 1 presents the battery configuration assumed for modeling purposes. 

General Assumptions and Input Values Used for the ISCST3 Modeling 

For purposes of 1SCST3 modeling the coke oven emissions were assumed to be released at the BLPsimulated final plume rise height plus battery height, directly above the coke oven batteries. 

Modeling options used in the ISCST3 screening mode include: 

No stack-tip downwash (plume rise determined in BLP), 

Use of buoyancy-induced dispersion, 

Use of calms processing, 

No building downwash (already incorporated as part of BLP), 

Default wind speed profile exponents, 

Default vertical potential temperature, 

Flat terrain 

Dry deposition (gas and particles) 

Input values/assumptions used in the ISCST3 screening include: 

• No additional buoyancy or momentum plume rise, 

• Actual dimensions and orientation of the battery line, 

• All possible wind speed/stability combinations every 10 degree wind direction from zero to 360, 

• Mixing heights set to a nominal value of 5,000 meters, 
P.5 

V 

Ambient temperature of 293 K, 

Anemometer height of 10-m, 

Surface pressure of 1000 mb, 

Rural dispersion curves, 

A nominal value of 0.10 meters (suburban) for surface roughness (z„), 

Friction velocity, u,=ku /In (z/Zo), where k is von Karman constant of 0.4, 

No precipitation, 

Monin-Obukhov length as a function of surface roughness and stability class as defined by Golder 

(1972), 

State of Vegetation - Unstressed and Active, 

Default values for gases in vegetation/land: cuticle resistance, ground resistance and reference 

resistance of pollutant to reactivity through leaf- expressed in terms of S02: cuticle resistance 30 s/cm, 

ground resistance = 10 s/cm, pollutant reference reactivity = 8, 

Incoming solar radiation: based on scheme implemented in MPRM (Irwin et al., 1988) - per Table 2, 

Leaf Area Index - ratio of leaf surface area divided by ground surface area; 0.2 based on a urban or 

built-up area, 

Deposition over land only, 

Pollutant-specific parameters for the two primary gas-phase pollutants from coke oven emissions, 

benzene and naphthalene, per Table 3 (molecular diffusivity from Fletcher et al., 1997; mesophyll 

resistance from EPA, 1993a), 

• Benzene Soluble Organic (BSO) emission rates for fugitive emission points per Table 4. 

Table 2: Assumed Solar Radiation Values. 

Stability Class 

A 

B 

C 

D 

EandF 

Wind Speed 

(m/s) 

2to3 

<2 

3 to 5 

2to3 

<2 

>6 

5 to 6 

2 to 5 

>6 

5 to 6 

<5 

-

Solar Radiation 

(W/m2) 

1050 

925 

925 

800 

425 

1050 

925 

425 

425 

175 

88 

0 

Table 3: Pollutant-Specific Parameters. 

Pollutant 

Benzene 

Naphthalene 

Molecular 

Diffusivity (Dm) 

0.0912 cm2/s 

0.0590 cm2/s 

Pollutant Reactivity 

Parameter (A) 

10 (moderate value) 

10 (moderate value) 

Mesophyll Resistance Term (rra) 

10 (high degree of solubility) 

100 (insoluble in water) 

Table 4: Emission Rate Inputs Used for the ISCST3 Modeling. 

Emission Point Best Estimate of 

BSO Emission 

Rate (Ib/hr) 

Source 

Doors 1.0943 EPA method 303 observations 
P.6 

Lids 

Offtakes 

Charging 

Travel Cars, Decarbonizing, 

Pushing, and Quenching 

0.0017 

0.0069 

0.0393 

0.01 

for A K Steel, Middletown. 

EPA method 303 observations 

for A K Steel, Middletown. 

EPA method 303 observations 

for A K Steel, Middletown. 

EPA method 303 observations 

for A K Steel, Middletown. 

Engineering judgment. 

Within ISCST3 a set of virtual stacks was input to represent emission releases. Each virtual stack is a 

group of 19 ovens covering an area of 246.51 m2, with 18.46 m spacing between each virtual stack. The 

modeled battery consists of 4 virtual stacks. The effective stack diameter for each stack is 17.72 m. 

Co-Located Facilities 

Emissions from the byproduct recovery plant, combustion stack and quench tower are also included in the 

analysis, but are modeled using only the ISCST3 (as the buoyant line plume rise model algorithm is not 

needed). These co-located facilities were modeled in separate model runs. 

The byproduct recovery plant was modeled as an area source (90m x 90m, ~2 acres - see Figure 2-2) with 

an average of height of 12 feet. This represented an average source emission height of 10 feet from the 

various pumps, valves and flanges and 2 additional feet for a small plume rise. 

The combustion stack and quench tower were modeled as point sources with stack parameters as in Table 

5. 

Table 5: Assumed Stack Parameters. 

Stack Parameter 

Height (ft) 

Diameter (ft) 

Gas Flow Rate (acfm) 

Temperature (F) 

Combustion 

Stack 

250 

13.8 

137,400 

500 

Combustion Stack 

Information Source 

A K Steel, Middletown. 

A K Steel, Middletown. 

A K Steel, Middletown. 

A K Steel, Middletown. 

Quench 

Tower 

100 

14 

183,678 

200 

Quench Tower 

Information Source 

A K Steel, Middletown. 

A K Steel, Middletown. 

Engineering judgment. 

Engineering judgment. 

Figure 2 indicates the relative location of these co-located facilities to the coke oven battery, as assumed for 

purposes of the base case model run. 

Benzene and Benzene-Toluene-Xylene (BTX) post-NESHAP emission rates for by-product plant emission 

points are presented in Table 6. 

Table 6: By-product Plant Emissions (Source: Draft AP-42, Table 12.2-19, Emission Factors for Coke 

By-product Recovery Plants - Benzene and BTX, and Coke Production Rate for A K Steel, Middletown 

battery 3-48.89 tons/hr). 

Emission Point 

Light-oil storage tank with gas blanketing 

Tar Decanter with gas blanketing 

Napthalene separation and processing 

with activated carbon 

Cooling tower, direct-water 

Cooling tower, tar-bottom 

Tar intercepting sump 

Tar dewatering tank with gas blanketing 

Benzene (Ib/hr) 

0.01 

0.11 

0.03 

26.40 

6.84 

0.93 

0.04 

BTX (Ib/hr) 

0.02 

0.16 

0.05 

68.45 

9.78 

1.37 

0.06 
P.7 

Emission Point 

Tar storage tank with gas blanketing 

Light-oil condenser vent with gas 

blanketing 

Light-oil sump with gas blanketing 

BTX storage with gas blanketing 

Benzene storage with gas blanketing 

Flushing liquor circulation tank with gas 

blanketing 

Excess-ammonia liquor tank with gas 

blanketing 

Wash-oil decanter with gas blanketing 

Wash-oil circulation tank with gas 

blanketing 

Benzene (Ib/hr) 

0.04 

0.18 

0.03 

0.01 

0.01 

0.03 

0.00 

0.01 

0.01 

BTX (Ib/hr) 

0.05 

0.25 

0.04 

0.02 

0.01 

0.04 

0.00 

0.01 

0.01 
P.8 

Figure 1: Coke Battery Configuration for Coke Oven Modeling (each rectangle represents one oven). 

2.2' 1.01 

\ \ 

I 1 H 

oq 

co o o o 

242.2' y3-

o 

S3 

Figure 2: Layout of Coke Plant with Coke Ovens, Combustion Stack, Quench Tower and Byproduct 

Recovery Plant. 

O Combustion Stack 

200 m 

10m 

Quench Tower 

a Battery Ovens 

1000 m 

|—90 m—| 

90 m