Opinion filed March 8, 2018

In The

Eleventh Court of Appeals 

__________

No. 11-17-00011-CR

__________

KASEY CRAIG MELTON, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 132nd District Court

Scurry County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. 9321

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Appellant pleaded guilty to one count of the second-degree felony offense 

of sexual assault of a child.1 The trial court deferred the adjudication of 

Appellant’s guilt and placed him on community supervision2for ten years. Later, 

the State moved to revoke Appellant’s community supervision. At the hearing 

on the motion to adjudicate, the trial court revoked Appellant’s community 

 

1TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.011(a)(2)(A) (West Supp. 2017). 

2TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42A.101 (West Supp. 2017). 
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supervision and adjudicated him guilty of the offense of sexual assault of a child. 

The trial court assessed punishment at confinement for fourteen years and 

imposed court costs and attorney’s fees. The written judgment also includes 

restitution. On appeal, Appellant presents three issues. We modify and affirm.3

I. Evidence at Hearing

The State alleged in its motion to adjudicate guilt that Appellant failed to 

report to his probation officer numerous times, failed to make certain payments,

and failed to participate in therapy for sex offenders. Appellant pleaded “true” to 

the State’s allegations. After the State adduced evidence in support of the 

allegations, the trial court found the allegations to be “true.” In addition to the 

sentence of confinement for fourteen years, the trial court orally pronounced court 

costs of $60 and reimbursement of $550 to the county.4 In the trial court’s written 

judgment, the $60 assessed at the hearing was reflected as “court costs,” and the 

$550 assessed was reflected as “Ct. Appt. Attorney Fees.” The trial court’s 

written judgment also recited that Appellant owed $3,750 in restitution. An 

“Order to Withdraw Funds” was incorporated into the trial court’s judgment and

sought $4,360 in “[c]ourt costs, fees and/or fines and/or restitution” from 

Appellant’s trust account at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 

II. Analysis

In his first issue, Appellant argues that the trial court erred when it assessed

his punishment for a period in excess of the confinement set forth in the deferred 

adjudication proceeding. In his second issue, Appellant argues that the trial court 

erred when it assessed court-appointed attorney’s fees because he was previously 

 

3 See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b). 

4 The trial court did not specify that the $550 was for reimbursement of attorney’s fees. 
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determined to be indigent and there was no subsequent evidence or finding that 

his indigent status had changed. In his third issue, Appellant argues that the 

evidence is insufficient to establish the amount of restitution recited in the 

judgment and in the order to withdraw funds.

A. Issue One: Appellant did not object to the fourteen-year sentence

in the trial court; therefore, he cannot complain about his sentence 

for the first time on appeal. 

Appellant argues that the punishment in the original judgment deferring the 

adjudication of his guilt, which stated, in part, “Ten (10) years, Texas Department 

of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, probated ten (10) years,” limited and 

capped the available sentencing range to ten years for his subsequent adjudication 

of guilt. The State argues that the trial court was entitled to assess punishment

for any term of years specified by statute.

To preserve an error for appellate review, a defendant must demonstrate 

that (1) she made a timely and specific request, objection, or motion and (2) the 

trial judge ruled on it. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; Geuder v. State, 115 S.W.3d 11, 13 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2003). Appellant admits that no objection was made, but 

nevertheless argues that he was not required to object because the error alleged 

here is a “category two” right that is exempt from the preservation requirements 

of Rule 33.1. See Grado v. State, 445 S.W.3d 736, 739 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014).

Category-two rights are “not forfeitable” and “[t]he trial judge has an independent 

duty to implement these rights absent any request unless there is an effective 

express waiver.” Id. In contrast, a category-three right is “‘forfeitable’ and must 

be requested by the litigant.” Id.

“As a general rule, an appellant may not assert error pertaining to his 

sentence or punishment where he failed to object or otherwise raise such error in 

the trial court.” Mercado v. State, 718 S.W.2d 291, 296 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986); 
4

see Hull v. State, 67 S.W.3d 215, 217 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (no preservation of 

error where appellant challenged the trial court’s “zero tolerance” probation for 

the first time on appeal); Hardeman v. State, 1 S.W.3d 689, 690 (Tex. Crim. App. 

1999) (holding that the right to a separate punishment hearing after adjudication 

of guilt is forfeitable); Burns v. State, No. 11-96-241-CR, 1997 WL 33797949, at 

*1 (Tex. App.—Eastland Feb. 13, 1997, pet. ref’d) (not designated for 

publication) (concluding appellant failed to preserve error where he argued his 

sentence was cruel and unusual for the first time on appeal). Our sister courts,

in two unpublished opinions, have held that the right to complain about a trial

court’s sentence as exceeding the terms stated in a plea bargain is subject to the 

preservation of error requirements of Rule 33.1. See Cotton v. State, No. 13-13-

00012-CR, 2014 WL 3724419, at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 24, 2014, 

no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Gasper v. State, No. 07-99-

0408-CR, 2001 WL 929994, at *1 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Aug. 16, 2001, no pet.) 

(not designated for publication). In addition, a sentencing issue may be preserved 

“when the sentence is pronounced” or, “if the appellant did not have the 

opportunity to object in the punishment hearing,” by a motion for new trial. 

Burt v. State, 396 S.W.3d 574, 577 & n.4 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). 

Appellant did not raise an objection when the trial court orally pronounced 

his sentence, and if we assume, without deciding, that he did not have the 

opportunity to object at sentencing, he nonetheless failed to file a motion for new 

trial.

5 Consequently, Appellant failed to preserve this issue for appeal. See Burt, 

396 S.W.3d at 577; see also TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. However, even if we are 

 

5Appellant argues that the alleged error in this case was not noticed within enough time for him to 

file a motion for new trial. We disagree. The trial court orally pronounced the fourteen-year sentence in 

the defendant’s presence on December 16. From that day, Appellant had thirty days to file his motion for 

new trial. See TEX. R. APP. P. 21.4. 
5

incorrect on the preservation of error issue, Appellant’s argument is unpersuasive 

because the deferred adjudication was a completed transaction when that order 

was entered. Ditto v. State, 988 S.W.2d 236, 238 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). 

Consequently, when the deferred adjudication community supervision was 

revoked, the trial court could sentence Appellant within the full range of 

punishment for the convicted offense. Id. at 239–40. We overrule Appellant’s first 

issue.

B. Issue Two: The trial court erred when it assessed attorney’s fees 

because there was no proof or finding that Appellant was no 

longer indigent.

Appellant argues that the trial court erred when it assessed attorney’s fees 

because he was previously determined to be indigent and there was no subsequent 

evidence or finding that he was no longer indigent. We interpret this issue as a 

sufficiency of the evidence challenge since Appellant argues there is “no 

evidence” that his indigent status had changed or his financial situation had 

improved. See Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 554 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). 

The State concedes that Appellant is correct.

The record reflects that the trial court had found Appellant to be indigent 

and appointed counsel to represent Appellant. In accordance with Article 

26.05(g) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, a trial court has the authority 

to order an indigent defendant to pay court-appointed attorney’s fees if the trial 

court determines that the defendant has financial resources that enable him to 

offset all or part of the costs of the legal services provided to the defendant. TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.05(g) (West Supp. 2017). However, courtappointed attorney’s fees cannot be assessed against a defendant who has been 

determined to be indigent unless there is proof and a finding by the trial court that 

the defendant is no longer indigent. Cates v. State, 402 S.W.3d 250, 251–52 (Tex. 
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Crim. App. 2013); Mayer, 309 S.W.3d at 555–56; see CRIM. PROC. art. 26.04(p) 

(“A defendant who is determined by the court to be indigent is presumed to 

remain indigent for the remainder of the proceedings in the case unless a material 

change in the defendant’s financial resources occurs.”).

In this case, the trial court found Appellant indigent but nonetheless 

required him to pay court-appointed attorney’s fees in the amount of $550—the 

amount of attorney’s fees that corresponded to the amount approved by the trial 

court for the revocation proceeding. However, the record contains no proof or

finding by the trial court that Appellant was no longer indigent. Therefore, the 

trial court erred when it assessed $550 in court-appointed attorney’s fees against 

Appellant. The proper remedy is to modify the judgment to remove the 

improperly assessed fees. Cates, 402 S.W.3d at 252; see Noonkester v. State, 

No. 02-14-00147-CR, 2015 WL 831421, at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Feb. 26, 

2015, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (modifying the judgment 

and an order to withdraw funds so as to remove improperly assessed attorney’s 

fees). We sustain Appellant’s second issue.

C. Issue Three: The $3,750 in restitution was not orally pronounced 

in Appellant’s presence; therefore, it could not be assessed in the 

written judgment.

Appellant argues that the evidence is insufficient to prove that he owed 

$3,750 in restitution. As we noted earlier, Appellant did not file a motion for new 

trial, which ordinarily is a requirement to preserve this error. See Burt, 396 

S.W.3d at 574; Idowu v. State, 73 S.W.3d 918, 923 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). 

However, although the State asserts that the restitution amount is supported by 

evidence, it acknowledges that the trial court failed to orally pronounce restitution 

as part of Appellant’s sentence. As a result, the State concedes that we should 

modify the judgment. We agree.
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A “sentence shall be pronounced in the defendant’s presence.” CRIM.

PROC. art. 42.03, § 1(a). “A trial court’s pronouncement of sentence is oral, while 

the judgment, including the sentence assessed, is merely the written declaration 

and embodiment of that oral pronouncement.” Alexander v. State, 301 S.W.3d 

361, 363 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, no pet.). If an “oral pronouncement of 

sentence and the written judgment differ, the oral pronouncement controls.” 

Sauceda v. State, 309 S.W.3d 767, 769 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2010, pet ref’d) 

(citing Ex parte Huskins, 176 S.W.3d 818, 820 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Aguilar v. 

State, 279 S.W.3d 350, 354 (Tex. App.—Austin 2007, no pet.)). For an order of 

restitution to be valid, it must be included in the oral pronouncement. Sauceda, 

309 S.W.3d at 769; see Burt v. State, 445 S.W.3d 752, 759 (Tex. Crim. App. 

2014); Alexander, 301 S.W.3d at 363–64. 

In this case, the trial court did not orally pronounce that Appellant was 

required to pay $3,750 in restitution, nor was any restitution included in the 

original judgment deferring the adjudication of Appellant’s guilt. At the 

conclusion of the adjudication hearing, the trial court stated, “There was no 

presentation of any additional sums that were owed, although it’s obvious that the 

Defendant didn’t pay,” and “I don’t have the totals, so I’m not assessing those.” 

The $3,750 in restitution was then included in the written judgment for the first 

time. Because the trial court omitted restitution when it orally pronounced 

Appellant’s sentence, restitution could not be assessed in the written judgment. 

The correct remedy is to modify the judgment to delete the order of restitution. 

Sauceda, 309 S.W.3d at 769–70; see Creed v. State, No. 02-16-00046-CR, 2016 

WL 4474360, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 25, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op., 

not designated for publication) (modifying judgment of trial court to delete 

improperly assessed restitution). We sustain Appellant’s third issue.
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III. This Court’s Ruling

We modify the judgment of the trial court to delete the court-appointed 

attorney’s fees of $550 and the court-ordered restitution of $3,750. We reduce 

the amount of the order to withdraw funds by $4,300, which is the sum of $550 

and $3,750. As modified, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

MIKE WILLSON

JUSTICE

March 8, 2018

Do not publish. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

Panel consists of: Willson, J.,

Bailey, J., and Wright, S.C.J.6

 

6

Jim R. Wright, Senior Chief Justice (Retired), Court of Appeals, 11th District of Texas at Eastland, 

sitting by assignment.