1

APPENDICES

Selection of Industry Sectors, Chemicals and Functions in the Remanufacturing Exclusion: 

Background Document in Support of the Definition of Solid Waste Rule
2

APPENDIX 1: Sector Characterization: Each Sector and All 4 Sectors Combined

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Sector

Table 1.1 Production Related Waste (PRW) Offsite Reporting

Table 1.2 Production Related Waste (PRW) Onsite Reporting & Summary

Figure 1.1 US Sector Map1

Paint & Coatings Manufacturing Sector

Table 2.1 Production Related Waste (PRW) Offsite Reporting

Table 2.2 Production Related Waste (PRW) Onsite Reporting & Summary

Figure 2.1 US Sector Map

Plastic & Resin Manufacturing Sector 

Table 3.1 Production Related Waste (PRW) Offsite Reporting

Table 3.2 Production Related Waste (PRW) Onsite Reporting & Summary

Figure 3.1 US Sector Map

Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Sector 

Table 4.1 Production Related Waste (PRW) Offsite Reporting

Table 4.2 Production Related Waste (PRW) Onsite Reporting & Summary

Figure 4.1 US Sector Map, Toluene Subset

Table 4.3 Top Waste Reporters / Top Recyclers - By % of Total Waste

Table 4.4 Top Waste Reporters / Top Recyclers - By Total Waste

Table 4.5 Top Waste Reporters / Top Recyclers - By Chemical

Figure 4.2 Top Waste Reporter of Toluene: Henry Map

Figure 4.3 Top Waste Reporter of Methanol: Hopewell Map

 All 4 Sectors Combined 

Table 5.1 All 4 sector summary w/ RTKNET.org and OECA Sector Profile Notebook Links

Table 5.2 Production Related Waste (PRW) Offsite Reporting

Table 5.3 Production Related Waste (PRW) Onsite Reporting & Summary

Figure 5.1 US Sector Map: All 4 sectors combined with cement kilns

 

1 US Sector Maps: Facilities in United States reporting Toluene > 25,000 lbs waste.
3

APPENDIX 2: Regional Maps:2Transportation and co-located Potential Remanufacturing Facilities

Figure 6.1 Pharmaceutical: Elkton, VA 

Figure 6.2 Pharmaceutical: Florence, SC

Figure 6.3 Pharmaceutical: Albany, OR

 Figure 6.4 Basic Organic: Willow Island, WV

Figure 6.5 Basic Organic: Elgin SC

Figure 6.6 Basic Organic: Georgetown, IL

Figure 6.6 Basic Organic Willow Island & Pharmaceutical Elkton

Figure 6.7 Basic Organic Elgin & Pharmaceutical Florence 

Figure 6.8 Basic Organic Georgetown & Pharmaceutical Kalamazoo (Sector Analysis, Map 2)

APPENDIX 3: New Chemicals Assessment: Release and Exposure from Toluene Fuel Blending

 7.1 Premanufacture Notice (PMN) Process Flow Chart

7.2 New Chemical assessment as it relates to the Remanufacturing Exclusion

7.3 ChemSTEER Worksheet: Manufacture and use (destroyed) as an intermediate

Figure 7.1 Puerto Rico Map: Transport of Toluene from Pfizer to disposal

7.5 ChemSTEER worksheet: Fuel Blending (unload, blend, load) Activity

7.6 ChemSTEER: Fuel Blending: ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY

7.7 ChemSTEER: Fuel Blending: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY

7.7 Figure 7.2 Cement Kiln US Sector Map

APPENDIX 4: Mass Balance Model and Embedded Emissions Modules 

8.1 Mass Balance Model

8.2 Modules Embedded in Mass Balance Model

 

2 Regional Maps: Facilities in Region reporting toluene > 25,000 lbs waste. Includes current offsite disposal routes and locations of potential remanufacturing facilities.
4

Table 1.1: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Pharma NAICS 325412

Chemical

Number of 

TRI 

Submissions

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Total Other 

Management 

and Disposal Total Recycling

Total Energy 

Recovery (Cement 

Kiln)

Total Thermal 

Treatment 

(Incinerator)

Total Other 

Treatment (not 

POTW or 

wastewater)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 1 0 0 0 0 352 1,487 0

ACETONITRILE 27 0 188 12,533 3,386,714 2,522,096 2,151,060 49,794

CHLOROBENZENE 2 0 0 0 0 49,887 263,287 0

CHLOROFORM 6 0 0 453 64,651 266,498 246,513 0

CHLOROMETHANE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CYCLOHEXANE 4 0 50 0 0 395,945 18,997 0

DICHLOROMETHANE 35 0 276 0 4,235,378 2,020,446 5,739,976 908,140

ETHYLBENZENE 2 0 0 0 0 39,100 0 0

METHANOL 51 0 1,085 44,063 1,366,677 20,959,681 1,030,964 1,413,242

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 3 0 0 0 170,000 179,618 29,343 500

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 12 0 100 4,862 12,056 1,220,686 302,115 33,033

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 15 0 56 0 162 3,747,336 69,504 301,891

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 2 0 0 0 0 510,000 758 0

N-HEXANE 8 0 50 0 18,000 180,647 43,184 91,622

TOLUENE 31 0 1,592 31,176 1,187,694 7,732,219 1,578,672 467,040

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 8 0 10 1,258 3,118 105,775 119,979 0

Totals 208 0 3,407 94,345 10,444,450 39,930,286 11,595,839 3,265,262

Relative to Sum of all Categories (%) -- 0.00 0.00 0.08 9.2 35.2 10.2 2.9

Total All Four Sectors: 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

% of Total All Four Sectors: 1.0% 3.7% 1.1%

Table 1.1

Off Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
5

Table 1.2: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Pharma NAICS 325412

Chemical

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Energy 

Recovery Recycling Treatment Total

Relative to Sum of 

all Chemicals (%)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0 0 0 0 0 1,839 0.0

ACETONITRILE 2,800 0 547 921,646 2,576,581 11,623,959 10.2

CHLOROBENZENE 0 0 0 7,672,183 97,855 8,083,212 7.1

CHLOROFORM 0 0 0 0 107,984 686,099 0.6

CHLOROMETHANE 0 0 0 0 39,870 39,870 0.0

CYCLOHEXANE 0 0 0 2,511,052 250,524 3,176,568 2.8

DICHLOROMETHANE 8,500 0 66,256 6,072,254 2,034,702 21,085,928 18.6

ETHYLBENZENE 0 0 0 0 0 39,100 0.0

METHANOL 13,000 5 19,736 7,704,629 6,265,808 38,818,890 34.2

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0 0 0 0 3,305 382,766 0.3

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 0 0 0 0 198,721 1,771,573 1.6

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 330,000 0 2 0 813,006 5,261,957 4.6

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 0 0 0 4,410,529 1,080,644 6,001,931 5.3

N-HEXANE 0 0 16,988 0 44,180 394,671 0.3

TOLUENE 0 0 0 3,422,137 1,389,984 15,810,514 13.9

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 0 0 0 0 16,476 246,616 0.2

Off Site Total (lb)

65,333,589 354,300 5 103,529 32,714,430 14,919,640 113,425,493

On Site Total (lb): 48,901.904 0.31 0.00 0.09 28.8 13.2 % of All Four Sectors

Onsite to Offsite Ratio: 42% 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

3.0% 10.5%

Table 1.2

On Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
6
7

Table 2.1: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Paint & Coating Manufacturing

P&C NAICS 325510

Chemical

Number of TRI 

Submissions

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Total Other 

Management 

and Disposal Total Recycling

Total Energy 

Recovery (Cement 

Kiln)

Total Thermal 

Treatment 

(Incinerator)

Total Other 

Treatment (not 

POTW or 

wastewater)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 115 0 2,823 3,706 70,070 1,333,808 59,538 13,892

ACETONITRILE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHLOROBENZENE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHLOROFORM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHLOROMETHANE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CYCLOHEXANE 6 0 525 0 4,574 18,454 405 255

DICHLOROMETHANE 16 0 0 2,800 52,581 25,572 36,263 0

ETHYLBENZENE 122 0 1,851 5,846 397,294 1,804,975 194,375 16,003

METHANOL 66 0 248 9,596 310,962 604,357 351,268 13,275

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 97 0 235 22,468 2,607,029 1,397,625 265,145 13,962

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 4 0 0 0 2,018 5,366 394 0

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 103 0 244 57,174 514,642 1,004,268 133,104 63,816

N-HEXANE 13 0 0 0 15,865 33,423 0 151

TOLUENE 196 0 2,479 42,089 2,412,244 4,248,576 568,581 35,047

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 252 0 3,748 22,539 2,424,162 12,057,901 932,332 88,704

Totals 991 0 12,153 166,218 8,811,441 22,534,325 2,541,405 245,105

Relative to Sum of all Categories (%) -- 0.00 0.01 0.17 9.0 23.1 2.6 0.3

Total All Four Sectors: 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

% of Total All Four Sectors: 0.8% 2.1% 0.2%

Table 2.1

Off Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
8

Table 2.2: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Paint & Coating Manufacturing

P&C NAICS 325510

Chemical

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Energy 

Recovery Recycling Treatment Total

Relative to Sum 

of all Chemicals 

(%)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0 5 0 2,133,971 38,018 3,655,831 3.7

ACETONITRILE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

CHLOROBENZENE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

CHLOROFORM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

CHLOROMETHANE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

CYCLOHEXANE 0 0 0 3,580 0 27,793 0.0

DICHLOROMETHANE 0 0 0 4,876 0 122,092 0.1

ETHYLBENZENE 0 1 0 4,760,217 63,136 7,243,698 7.4

METHANOL 0 0 682,093 14,164,696 485,502 16,621,997 17.0

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0 0 0 4,628,118 181,591 9,116,173 9.3

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 0 0 0 0 0 7,778 0.0

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 0 0 7,309 1,247,171 167,179 3,194,907 3.3

N-HEXANE 0 0 0 146,346 899 196,684 0.2

TOLUENE 0 0 0 7,386,339 688,212 15,383,567 15.7

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 0 0 0 25,918,934 714,742 42,163,062 43.1

Off Site Total (lb)

34,310,647 0 6 689,402 60,394,248 2,339,279 97,733,582

On Site Total (lb): 63,422,935 0.00 0.00 0.71 61.8 2.4 % of All Four Sectors

Onsite to Offsite Ratio: 65% 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

5.6% 9.1%

Table 2.2

On Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
9
10

Table 3.1: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Plastic & Resin Manufacturing

P & R NAICS 325211

Chemical

Number of 

TRI 

Submissions

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Total Other 

Management and 

Disposal

Total 

Recycling

Total Energy 

Recovery (Cement 

Kiln)

Total Thermal 

Treatment 

(Incinerator)

Total Other 

Treatment (not 

POTW or 

wastewater)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 29 3,700 658 1,020 66,172 80,194 2,856 6,471

ACETONITRILE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHLOROBENZENE 4 0 1,778 0 954,563 9,980 125,353 42,299

CHLOROFORM 7 0 1 0 0 0 6,634 0

CHLOROMETHANE 5 0 4 0 0 52 38,800 0

CYCLOHEXANE 12 0 594 0 0 134,697 137,719 2,114

DICHLOROMETHANE 10 0 0 765 0 55,971 27,466 0

ETHYLBENZENE 54 7,227 553 1,461 366,211 1,239,529 261,407 9,430

METHANOL 103 2,766,167 25,698 46,386 6,949,415 5,836,953 1,551,445 43,547

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 20 0 0 0 424,332 384,521 827,116 2,395

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 7 0 0 0 0 233,042 15,735 0

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 33 17,200 189 70,156 93,817 375,477 75,907 9,774

N-HEXANE 20 0 1 1,408 2,142,264 2,859,306 355,981 114,414

TOLUENE 73 11,377 14,251 18,364 193,551 4,715,645 839,554 12,225

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 59 45,082 1,083 2,046 1,719,228 3,218,715 138,334 54,544

Totals 438 2,850,753 44,810 141,606 12,909,553 19,144,082 4,404,307 297,213

Relative to Sum of all Categories (%) -- 1.56 0.02 0.08 7.1 10.5 2.4 0.2

Total All Four Sectors: 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

% of Total All Four Sectors: 1.2% 1.8% 0.4%

Table 3.1

Off Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
11

Table 3.2: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Plastic & Resin Manufacturing

P & R NAICS 325211

Chemical

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill Energy Recovery Recycling Treatment Total

Relative to Sum 

of all Chemicals 

(%)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0 30 1 2,662 127,985 291,749 0.2

ACETONITRILE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

CHLOROBENZENE 0 0 142,870 404,680 22,026 1,703,549 0.9

CHLOROFORM 0 0 568,587 0 2,765,405 3,340,627 1.8

CHLOROMETHANE 0 0 1,396,519 0 2,740,181 4,175,556 2.3

CYCLOHEXANE 8,600 0 0 22,862,498 1,670,915 24,817,137 13.6

DICHLOROMETHANE 0 0 0 0 433,497 517,699 0.3

ETHYLBENZENE 0 32 1,244,570 2,171,612 484,401 5,786,433 3.2

METHANOL 378,818 1,370,036 5,947,159 19,555,731 17,476,402 61,947,757 33.8

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0 0 872,064 7,589,887 1,067,378 11,167,693 6.1

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 0 0 3,330,856 1,863,080 50,185 5,492,898 3.0

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 490,519 0 183,408 16,514 696,724 2,029,685 1.1

N-HEXANE 0 1,060 5,243,892 4,343,100 8,195,184 23,256,610 12.7

TOLUENE 0 23 3,551,694 2,985,022 4,142,420 16,484,126 9.0

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 0 52 1,065,003 13,599,942 2,187,602 22,031,631 12.0

Off Site Total (lb)

37,792,324 877,937 1,371,233 23,546,623 75,394,728 42,060,305 183,043,150

On Site Total (lb): 143,250,825 0.48 0.75 12.86 41.2 23.0 % of All Four Sectors

Onsite to Offsite Ratio: 80% 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

7.0% 17.0%

Table 3.2

On Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
12
13

Table 4.1: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

BOM NAICS 325199

Chemical

Number of TRI 

Submissions

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Total Other 

Management 

and Disposal

Total Energy 

Recovery (Cement 

Kiln)

Total Thermal 

Treatment 

(Incinerator)

Total 

Incineration

Total Other 

Treatment (not 

POTW or 

wastewater)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 25 231 839 0 2 23,254 34,730 463

ACETONITRILE 26 0 157 5 10,017 725,207 331,609 3,118

CHLOROBENZENE 20 0 0 16 0 38,417 1,085,928 89

CHLOROFORM 20 0 0 250 10,924 86,129 154,456 0

CHLOROMETHANE 20 0 0 0 340,000 1,402 151,341 0

CYCLOHEXANE 36 60,579 15 83,066 10,503 949,539 485,688 0

DICHLOROMETHANE 24 0 67 29 936,005 337,086 193,868 3,693

ETHYLBENZENE 45 122 12,612 36 121,706 1,537,739 61,909 2,646

METHANOL 203 196,440 29,206 41,237 4,740,094 18,837,345 4,367,696 34,615

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 26 0 165 5 32,940 332,951 30,331 43

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 17 8,148 15 15,406 846,850 172,196 18,039 0

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 15 0 658 0 72,650 64,978 6,157 16,065

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 65 0 153 0 26,990 1,019,569 58,909 46

N-HEXANE 55 266 6 56,575 287,937 2,772,254 828,000 27,210

TOLUENE 99 2,086 62,966 40,403 1,349,500 9,426,573 4,600,405 21,529

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 69 139 21,590 187,870 468,908 7,051,002 354,768 5,523

Totals 765 268,011 128,449 424,898 9,255,026 43,375,641 12,763,834 115,040

Relative to Sum of all Categories (%) -- 0.04 0.02 0.06 1.4 6.4 1.9 0.0

Total All Four Sectors: 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

% of Total All Four Sectors: 0.9% 4.0%

Table 4.1

Off Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
14

Table 4.2: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

BOM NAICS 325199

Chemical

Total 

Underground 

Injection Total Landfill

Energy 

Recovery Recycling Treatment Total

Relative to 

Sum of all 

Chemicals (%)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0 2 52,918 14,000 85,126 211,565 0.0

ACETONITRILE 11,584,152 11 9,163,656 2,319,728 3,345,711 27,483,371 4.0

CHLOROBENZENE 25 12 598,199 1,047,198 1,150,884 3,920,768 0.6

CHLOROFORM 0 250 68,000 350,000 9,786,348 10,456,357 1.5

CHLOROMETHANE 0 0 3,600,851 508,485 3,747,316 8,349,395 1.2

CYCLOHEXANE 24,950 4,873 5,318,388 167,981 11,516,056 18,621,638 2.7

DICHLOROMETHANE 0 2,579 261 1,841,486 2,905,163 6,220,237 0.9

ETHYLBENZENE 0 4,102 2,067,830 2,777,434 1,999,578 8,585,714 1.3

METHANOL 4,840,685 14,899 31,275,885 254,012,698 64,483,532 382,874,332 56.2

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 4,900 0 672 3,882,200 602,330 4,886,537 0.7

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 0 0 44,067 101,994 245,810 1,452,525 0.2

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 0 11,363 0 436,500 597,173 1,205,544 0.2

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 0 5,029 1,920,577 4,316,302 12,724,577 20,072,152 2.9

N-HEXANE 0 544 2,669,198 16,251 8,116,571 14,774,812 2.2

TOLUENE 0 25,757 4,997,086 119,123,526 8,942,758 148,592,589 21.8

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 0 9,981 631,866 14,510,678 727,234 23,969,559 3.5

Off Site Total (lb)

66,330,899 16,454,712 79,402 62,409,454 405,426,461 130,976,167 681,677,095

On Site Total (lb): 615,346,196 2.41 0.01 9.16 59.5 19.2 All Four Sectors: 

Onsite to Offsite Ratio: 90% 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

37.7% 63.4%

Table 4.2

On Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
15
16

Table 4.4: Top Waste Reporters / Top Recyclers By % of Total Waste Table 4.4

Facility Name Chemical Releases 

(lbs) Waste (lbs) Waste Divided 

by Release

Recycled 

ONSITE (lbs) 

%of total 

waste

U.S. BIOFUELS INC. METHANOL 2,250 6,654,105 2,957 6,653,105 99.98%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC TOLUENE 27,775 43,643,511 1,571 43,600,537 99.90%

WEYLCHEM US INC METHANOL 120 2,561,945 21,350 2,558,844 99.88%

VERTELLUS PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 539 2,350,563 4,361 2,347,673 99.88%

NOVA BIOFUELS SENECA LLC METHANOL 4,485 3,504,760 781 3,500,086 99.87%

WEYLCHEM US INC METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 11 1,673,973 152,179 1,671,734 99.87%

TPC GROUP LLC METHANOL 8,787 25,610,952 2,915 25,511,849 99.61%

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CENTER METHANOL 109,699 23,032,931 210 22,901,905 99.43%

DYNACHEM INC TOLUENE 8,128 1,712,051 211 1,702,034 99.41%

ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO INC METHANOL 9,554 1,699,660 178 1,689,356 99.39%

HERCULES INC METHANOL 362,314 112,891,979 312 112,191,940 99.38%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC DICHLOROMETHANE 14,741 1,633,491 111 1,618,616 99.09%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC ACETONITRILE 27,580 2,232,316 81 2,202,853 98.68%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC TOLUENE 28,800 12,726,000 442 12,557,000 98.67%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 492 10,868,088 22,090 10,700,000 98.45%

SI GROUP INC ETHYLBENZENE 968 1,320,120 1,364 1,290,000 97.72%

LUBRIZOL CORP BAYPORT FACILITY METHANOL 4,427 3,250,502 734 3,148,503 96.86%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 28,920 2,418,820 84 2,337,000 96.62%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC TOLUENE 990 2,268,782 2,292 2,170,000 95.65%

CIBA CORP METHANOL 2,244 1,440,177 642 1,376,375 95.57%

DOW CORNING CORP MIDLAND PLANT TOLUENE 16,296 28,647,278 1,758 26,915,699 93.96%

EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL LLC METHANOL 1,076 2,068,875 1,923 1,927,710 93.18%

WEYLCHEM US INC XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 141 4,805,335 34,080 4,336,368 90.24%

AMFINE CHEMICAL CORP XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 1,940 1,781,915 919 1,603,915 90.01%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC METHANOL 26,830 10,491,630 391 9,411,000 89.70%

WEYLCHEM US INC TOLUENE 5,592 3,079,684 551 2,489,361 80.83%

TICONA POLYMERS INC METHANOL 132,872 18,898,366 142 14,822,000 78.43%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC METHANOL 8,309 2,103,410 253 1,000,000 47.54%

SYMRISE INC METHANOL 13,887 1,770,138 127 467,187 26.39%

DOW CHEMICAL CO CHLOROMETHANE 11,800 1,271,800 108 150,000 11.79%

CHEM FLUER/FIRMENICH INC METHANOL 2,654 1,889,543 712 65,997 3.49%

DOW CORNING CORP MIDLAND PLANT XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 8,565 2,940,605 343 50,724 1.72%

BASF CORP Freeport TX METHANOL 12,470 22,738,108 1,823 0 0.00%

TOTALS: 885,256 365,981,413 413 324,969,371 88.79%
17

Table 4.5: Top Waste Reporters / Top Recyclers By Total Waste Table 4.5

Facility Name Chemical Releases 

(lbs) Waste (lbs) Waste Divided 

by Release

Recycled 

ONSITE (lbs) 

%of total 

waste

HERCULES INC, Hopewell METHANOL 362,314 112,891,979 312 112,191,940 99.38%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE, Henry TOLUENE 27,775 43,643,511 1,571 43,600,537 99.90%

DOW CORNING CORP MIDLAND PLANT TOLUENE 16,296 28,647,278 1,758 26,915,699 93.96%

TPC GROUP LLC METHANOL 8,787 25,610,952 2,915 25,511,849 99.61%

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CENTER METHANOL 109,699 23,032,931 210 22,901,905 99.43%

BASF CORP METHANOL 12,470 22,738,108 1,823 0 0.00%

TICONA POLYMERS INC METHANOL 132,872 18,898,366 142 14,822,000 78.43%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC TOLUENE 28,800 12,726,000 442 12,557,000 98.67%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 492 10,868,088 22,090 10,700,000 98.45%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC METHANOL 26,830 10,491,630 391 9,411,000 89.70%

U.S. BIOFUELS INC. METHANOL 2,250 6,654,105 2,957 6,653,105 99.98%

WEYLCHEM US INC XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 141 4,805,335 34,080 4,336,368 90.24%

NOVA BIOFUELS SENECA LLC METHANOL 4,485 3,504,760 781 3,500,086 99.87%

LUBRIZOL CORP BAYPORT FACILITY METHANOL 4,427 3,250,502 734 3,148,503 96.86%

WEYLCHEM US INC TOLUENE 5,592 3,079,684 551 2,489,361 80.83%

DOW CORNING CORP MIDLAND PLANT XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 8,565 2,940,605 343 50,724 1.72%

WEYLCHEM US INC METHANOL 120 2,561,945 21,350 2,558,844 99.88%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 28,920 2,418,820 84 2,337,000 96.62%

VERTELLUS PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 539 2,350,563 4,361 2,347,673 99.88%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC TOLUENE 990 2,268,782 2,292 2,170,000 95.65%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC ACETONITRILE 27,580 2,232,316 81 2,202,853 98.68%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC METHANOL 8,309 2,103,410 253 1,000,000 47.54%

EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL LLC METHANOL 1,076 2,068,875 1,923 1,927,710 93.18%

CHEM FLUER/FIRMENICH INC METHANOL 2,654 1,889,543 712 65,997 3.49%

AMFINE CHEMICAL CORP XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 1,940 1,781,915 919 1,603,915 90.01%

SYMRISE INC METHANOL 13,887 1,770,138 127 467,187 26.39%

DYNACHEM INC TOLUENE 8,128 1,712,051 211 1,702,034 99.41%

ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO INC METHANOL 9,554 1,699,660 178 1,689,356 99.39%

WEYLCHEM US INC METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 11 1,673,973 152,179 1,671,734 99.87%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC DICHLOROMETHANE 14,741 1,633,491 111 1,618,616 99.09%

CIBA CORP METHANOL 2,244 1,440,177 642 1,376,375 95.57%

SI GROUP INC ETHYLBENZENE 968 1,320,120 1,364 1,290,000 97.72%

DOW CHEMICAL CO CHLOROMETHANE 11,800 1,271,800 108 150,000 11.79%

TOTALS: 885,256 365,981,413 413 324,969,371 88.79%
18

Table 4.6: Top Waste Reporters / Top Recyclers By Chemical Table 4.6

Facility Name Chemical Releases 

(lbs) Waste (lbs) Waste Divided 

by Release

Recycled 

ONSITE (lbs) 

%of total 

waste

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC ACETONITRILE 27,580 2,232,316 81 2,202,853 98.68%

DOW CHEMICAL CO CHLOROMETHANE 11,800 1,271,800 108 150,000 11.79%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC DICHLOROMETHANE 14,741 1,633,491 111 1,618,616 99.09%

SI GROUP INC ETHYLBENZENE 968 1,320,120 1,364 1,290,000 97.72%

HERCULES INC METHANOL 362,314 112,891,979 312 112,191,940 99.38%

TPC GROUP LLC METHANOL 8,787 25,610,952 2,915 25,511,849 99.61%

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CENTER METHANOL 109,699 23,032,931 210 22,901,905 99.43%

BASF CORP Freeport TX METHANOL 12,470 22,738,108 1,823 0 0.00%

TICONA POLYMERS INC METHANOL 132,872 18,898,366 142 14,822,000 78.43%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC METHANOL 26,830 10,491,630 391 9,411,000 89.70%

U.S. BIOFUELS INC. METHANOL 2,250 6,654,105 2,957 6,653,105 99.98%

NOVA BIOFUELS SENECA LLC METHANOL 4,485 3,504,760 781 3,500,086 99.87%

LUBRIZOL CORP BAYPORT FACILITY METHANOL 4,427 3,250,502 734 3,148,503 96.86%

WEYLCHEM US INC METHANOL 120 2,561,945 21,350 2,558,844 99.88%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC METHANOL 8,309 2,103,410 253 1,000,000 47.54%

EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL LLC METHANOL 1,076 2,068,875 1,923 1,927,710 93.18%

CHEM FLUER/FIRMENICH INC METHANOL 2,654 1,889,543 712 65,997 3.49%

SYMRISE INC METHANOL 13,887 1,770,138 127 467,187 26.39%

ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO INC METHANOL 9,554 1,699,660 178 1,689,356 99.39%

CIBA CORP METHANOL 2,244 1,440,177 642 1,376,375 95.57%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 28,920 2,418,820 84 2,337,000 96.62%

WEYLCHEM US INC METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 11 1,673,973 152,179 1,671,734 99.87%

VERTELLUS PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 539 2,350,563 4,361 2,347,673 99.88%

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS LLC TOLUENE 27,775 43,643,511 1,571 43,600,537 99.90%

DOW CORNING CORP MIDLAND PLANT TOLUENE 16,296 28,647,278 1,758 26,915,699 93.96%

CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC TOLUENE 28,800 12,726,000 442 12,557,000 98.67%

WEYLCHEM US INC TOLUENE 5,592 3,079,684 551 2,489,361 80.83%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC TOLUENE 990 2,268,782 2,292 2,170,000 95.65%

DYNACHEM INC TOLUENE 8,128 1,712,051 211 1,702,034 99.41%

DIXIE CHEMICAL CO INC XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 492 10,868,088 22,090 10,700,000 98.45%

WEYLCHEM US INC XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 141 4,805,335 34,080 4,336,368 90.24%

DOW CORNING CORP MIDLAND PLANT XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 8,565 2,940,605 343 50,724 1.72%

AMFINE CHEMICAL CORP XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 1,940 1,781,915 919 1,603,915 90.01%

TOTALS: 885,256 365,981,413 413 324,969,371 88.79%
19
20
21

Table 5.1: All Four Sectors Combined

OFFSITE: Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal 2009TRI Rank by Release: 6th

Rank by Waste: 14th (430,593,831 lbs) Number of TRI submissions: 1673

ONSITE: (In order of Rank by Waste): Links below to RTKNet3. 

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing 2009 Rank by Release: 7th

Rank by Waste: 1st (2,507,659,932 lbs) Number of TRI submissions: 3230

Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing 2009 Rank by Release: 15th

Rank by Waste: 3rd (1,182,555,225 lbs) Number of TRI Submissions: 2472

Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing 2009 Rank by Release: 75th

Rank by Waste: low (127,941,376 lbs) Number of TRI Submissions: 376

Paint and Coating Manufacturing 2009 Rank by Release: 61st

Rank by Waste: low (88,569,586 lbs) Number of TRI Submissions: 2187

Pharmaceutical Sector Profile Notebook: 4

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/pharma.pdf

Plastic & Resin Sector Profile Notebook: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/resfibsn.pdf

Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Sector Profile Notebook: http://www.cluin.org/download/toolkit/organic.pdf

Paint & Coatings: No sector notebook, but all paints and coatings start with a film-forming agent, which is a resin. 

 

3 The Right-to-Know Network provides free access to numerous databases and resources on the environment and provided facility information not readily available in the 

TRI database. www.RTKNET.org 

4 EPA’s OECA Sector Notebook series is a unique set of profiles containing information for specific industries and governments. Unlike other resource materials, which are 

organized by air, water and land pollutants, the Notebooks provide a holistic approach by integrating processes, applicable regulations and other relevant environment 

information. http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/index.html
22

Table 5.2: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

All Four Sectors

NAICS:

325412(Pharma); 325510(P & C);

325199 (BOM); 325211(P & R)

Chemical

Number of 

TRI 

Submissions

Total 

Underground 

Injection

Total 

Landfill

Total Other 

Management 

and Disposal Total Recycling

Total Energy 

Recovery (Cement 

Kiln)

Total Thermal 

Treatment 

(Incinerator)

Total Other 

Treatment (not 

POTW or 

wastewater)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 170 3,931 4,320 4,726 136,244 1,437,608 98,611 20,826

ACETONITRILE 53 0 345 12,538 3,396,731 3,247,303 2,482,669 52,912

CHLOROBENZENE 26 0 1,778 16 954,563 98,284 1,474,568 42,388

CHLOROFORM 33 0 1 703 75,575 352,627 407,603 0

CHLOROMETHANE 26 0 4 0 340,000 1,454 190,141 0

CYCLOHEXANE 58 60,579 1,184 83,066 15,077 1,498,635 642,809 2,369

DICHLOROMETHANE 85 0 343 3,594 5,223,964 2,439,075 5,997,573 911,833

ETHYLBENZENE 223 7,349 15,016 7,343 885,211 4,621,343 517,691 28,079

METHANOL 423 2,962,607 56,236 141,282 13,367,148 46,238,336 7,301,373 1,504,679

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 146 0 400 22,473 3,234,301 2,294,715 1,151,935 16,900

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 32 8,148 115 20,268 858,906 1,392,882 320,154 33,033

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 41 0 714 0 74,830 4,050,722 91,790 317,956

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 203 17,200 586 127,330 635,449 2,909,314 268,678 73,636

N-HEXANE 96 266 57 57,983 2,464,066 5,845,630 1,227,165 233,397

TOLUENE 399 13,463 81,288 132,032 5,142,989 26,123,013 7,587,212 535,841

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 388 45,221 26,431 213,713 4,615,416 22,433,393 1,545,413 148,771

Totals 2402 3,118,764 188,819 827,067 41,420,470 124,984,334 31,305,385 3,922,620

Relative to Sum of all Categories 

(%) -- 0.3 0.0 0.1 3.8 11.6 2.9 0.4

Total All Four Sectors: 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

% of Total All Four Sectors: 3.8% 11.6% 2.9%

Table 5.2

Off Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
23

Table 5.3: TRI Production Related WASTE Reporting - Offsite

All Four Sectors

NAICS: 

325412(Pharma); 325510(P & C);

325199 (BOM); 325211(P & R)

Chemical

Total 

Underground 

Injection Total Landfill Energy Recovery Recycling Treatment Total

Relative to 

Sum of all 

Chemicals (%)

1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 0 37 52,919 2,150,633 251,129 4,160,984 0.4

ACETONITRILE 11,586,952 11 9,164,203 3,241,374 5,922,292 39,107,330 3.6

CHLOROBENZENE 25 12 741,069 9,124,061 1,270,765 13,707,529 1.3

CHLOROFORM 0 250 636,587 350,000 12,659,737 14,483,083 1.3

CHLOROMETHANE 0 0 4,997,370 508,485 6,527,367 12,564,821 1.2

CYCLOHEXANE 33,550 4,873 5,318,388 25,545,111 13,437,495 46,643,136 4.3

DICHLOROMETHANE 8,500 2,579 66,517 7,918,616 5,373,362 27,945,956 2.6

ETHYLBENZENE 0 4,135 3,312,400 9,709,263 2,547,115 21,654,945 2.0

METHANOL 5,232,503 1,384,940 37,924,873 295,437,754 88,711,244 500,262,975 46.5

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 4,900 0 872,736 16,100,205 1,854,604 25,553,169 2.4

METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER 0 0 44,067 101,994 444,531 3,224,098 0.3

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 330,000 11,363 3,330,858 2,299,580 1,460,364 11,968,177 1.1

N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 490,519 5,029 2,111,294 9,990,516 14,669,124 31,298,675 2.9

N-HEXANE 0 1,604 7,930,078 4,505,697 16,356,834 38,622,777 3.6

TOLUENE 0 25,780 8,548,780 132,917,024 15,163,374 196,270,796 18.2

XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 0 10,033 1,696,869 54,029,554 3,646,054 88,410,868 8.2

Off Site Total (lb)

235,448,248 17,686,949 1,450,646 86,749,008 573,929,867 190,295,391 1,075,879,320

On Site Total (lb): 870,111,861 1.6 0.1 8.1 53.3 17.7

% of All Four 

Sectors

Onsite to Offsite Ratio: 78% 1,075,879,320 1,075,879,320

53.3% 1216.9%

Table 5.3

On Site

Waste Category (lb) (2008 TRI)
24
25

APPENDIX 2: Regional Maps:5Transportation and co-located Potential Remanufacturing Facilities

Figure 6.1 Pharmaceutical: Merck, Elkton, VA 

Figure 6.2 Pharmaceutical: Roche, Florence, SC

Figure 6.3 Pharmaceutical: Synthetic, Albany, OR

 Figure 6.4 Basic Organic: Cytec, Willow Island, WV

Figure 6.5 Basic Organic: Weylchem, Elgin SC

Figure 6.6 Basic Organic: Dynachem, Georgetown, IL

Figure 6.6 Basic Organic Cytec & Pharmaceutical Merck

Figure 6.7 Basic Organic Weylchem & Pharmaceutical Roche 

Figure 6.8 Basic Organic Dynachem & Pharmaceutical Pfizer (Map 2)

 

5 Regional Maps: Facilities in Region reporting toluene > 25,000 lbs waste. Includes current offsite disposal routes and locations of potential remanufacturing facilities.
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

APPENDIX 3: New Chemicals Assessment: Release and Exposure from 

Toluene Fuel Blending

 7.1 Premanufacture Notice (PMN) Process Flow Chart

7.2 New Chemical assessment as it relates to the Remanufacturing Exclusion

7.3 ChemSTEER Worksheet: Manufacture and use (destroyed) as an intermediate

Figure 7.1 Puerto Rico Map: Transport of Toluene from Pfizer to disposal

7.5 ChemSTEER worksheet: Fuel Blending (unload, blend, load) Activity

7.6 ChemSTEER: Fuel Blending: ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY

7.7 ChemSTEER: Fuel Blending: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY

Figure 7.2 Cement Kiln US Sector Map
35

Appendix 3

7.1: New Chemical assessment and Releases & Exposures from Fuel Blending

A primary responsibility in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, via the Toxic Substance 

Control Act (TSCA), is the assessment of a new chemical, known as Premanufacture Notice (PMN). 

The Chemical Engineering Branch 6 estimates the worker exposure and releases for the 

manufacturing, processing and use of a new chemical substance utilizing the ChemSTEER model.

 

6 The Chemical Engineering Branch manages the Green Engineering Program, and the Industrial Chemistry Branch 

manages the Green Chemistry Program. In-house risk assessment is inherent in both of these voluntary partnership 

programs.
36

7.2: New Chemical Assessment as it relates to the Remanufacturing Exclusion

Chemical Screening Tool For Exposures & Environmental Releases

The chemical engineering branch performs worker exposure and environmental release assessments 

for the manufacture (chemical created), processing (chemical neither created nor destroyed), and use 

(chemical destroyed or no longer available for release or exposure) of a new chemical substance. 

Tools and scenarios have been developed to assess further downstream (use operations) in order to fill 

in blanks of our assessment of nearly 2000 chemicals annually. All that is needed is the amount of 

material (lbs), basic physical – chemical properties (vapor pressure), and the operation. 

In the case of the manufacture of a new chemical, the input mass (production volume) is known. In the 

case of the Remanufacturing Exclusion, the output mass from processing is known. This is the TRI

Production Related Waste reporting – often referred to as ‘waste’, where a submission reports specific 

pounds of chemicals to both onsite (chemical industry) and offsite (hazardous waste industry) 

transfers. Another ‘known’ or can be modeled are the emissions from particular (unit) operations, as a 

similar operation will have a similar release and exposure. In addition, we know of the manufacturing 

emissions to create the solvents. So a partial life cycle assessment can be performed using TRI 

reported measured flows and modeled emissions. (See Appendix 4, Mass Balance Model) As creation 

and destruction is the largest footprint, anything to extend the processing life of the solvent has 

multiple benefits in multiple medias.

DSW Remanufacturing Exclusion

Manufacturing - Beginning of Life (BOL)

(solvent is created)

Create: Reactor (never 100% complete)

Separate: Evaporate to gas & condense to liquid

Site(s) typically controlled by the submitter

minimal in number (1 - 3), lower # of workers

 larger, single point releases

Manufacturing Aid Solvent @ 85%

Processing - Extension of Life (EXOL)

(solvent neither created or destroyed)

Separate: Evaporate to gas & condense to liquid Remanufacture

STEAM: Solvent Reprocessing (distillation)

Sites controlled by the submitter and others

TRI Waste Reporting

(mass)

Process Activity: fuel blend before destroy

Use - End of Life (EOL)

(solvent destroyed or transformed) 

Destroy: Cement Kiln (ER), Incinerator (I)

(no longer available for release or exposure)

No longer available: underground injection, landfill

Sites typically controlled by others

Can have 1000's use sites, large # of workers

Reprocess after 

use as 

manufacturing 

aid @ 85%
37

7.3: ChemSTEER Worksheet – Manufactured and used as an intermediate (destroyed)7

 

7 Austin, S., Chicago Completed CS Worksheet, ChemSTEER Training Materials posted on ChemSTEER website and 

incorporated in all Sustainable Futures training materials.

OPERATION(S): Media of Release Exposure Routes

Workplace / workplaces with same/similar operations Water Inhalation

 such that estimates of releases and exposures Air Dermal

can be assumed to be the same. Landfill Drinking water

Incineration

Manufacturing

VP 1 (PMN chemical is created or formed) Example Release(s) 

MW 150 semi volatile liquid * equipment cleaning *lg vessel

Density 0.815 Production Volume? 100,000 kg * sampling x

Sol # of sites? 1 *rinsed w/ water every 5 batches

Batch size? 1000

Batches/Year? Exposure Activities(s)

Wt fraction? 80% * loading into transport

SAT/Model # of workers? 4 containers *

ECO (EpiSuite) * sampling x

Health (SARs) Site(s) typically controlled by the submitter *loaded into 40 gallon drums

minimal in number (1 - 3), lower # of workers

 larger, single point releases

SUBSEQUENT OPERATION:

transport of product / chemical:

% and type of container: 

Processing

(PMN chemical neither created or destroyed0

raw materials Example Release(s) 

(product/chemical) * equipment cleaning

OR # of sites? * container residue

import PMN batches per year or operating days?

Volume Imported? Wt fraction chemical in product?

# of workers? Exposure Activities(s)

* unloading & loading containers

* vapor release from unloading

Sites controlled by the submitter and others & loading operations

SUBSEQUENT OPERATION:

transport of product / chemical:

% and type of container: 

Use

(PMN is transformed or destroyed) Example Release(s) 

*equipment cleaning

raw materials *container residue incinerated

Use Rate? 10 kg formulation / site/ day * End use releases destroyed

%PMN in Product # of sites?

80% in formulation, Operating days/year? 250 Exposure Activities(s)

40 gallon drums # of workers 3 per site unloading transport containers x

end use activities:

Sites typically controlled by others * coating applications

Can have 1000's use sites, large # of workers * unit operations and processing

smaller releases over a number of sites * Miscellaneous activities
38

The High energy value toluene (red line) and low energy value methanol (blue line) arrive at port in Houston or 

Elizabeth and transported to a holding station such as Port Arthur and Flanders. RCRA regulations limit holding 

time to 10 days, so some of the HSM is moved around until enough is accumulated for fuel blending (RCRA code 

HO61 - purple line) in the correct ratios. Fuel blending can occur at permitted recyclers, such as in Middlesex but 

is regularly done by cement kilns such as Fredonia and Pauling. Fuel blended materials go to incinerators and 

cement kilns in Greencastle, Logansport, Bath, East Liverpool, and Fredonia. 

The Trip from Puerto Rico – Basic Building Block Chemicals (Toluene & Methanol)

Miles Traveled: 

Houston TX to Fredonia KS: 607 

Elizabeth NJ to Pauling OH: 621 

Elizabeth NJ to Fredonia KS: 1418

Port

Blend & Dispose

Holding Station

Transport

MANIFEST: 

Building 

Block

Chemicals

Toluene & Methanol
39

7.5: ChemSTEER Worksheet – Fuel Blending (unload, blend, load) Activity

OPERATION(S): Media of Release Exposure Routes

Workplace / workplaces with same/similar operations Water Inhalation

 such that estimates of releases and exposures Air Dermal

can be assumed to be the same. Landfill Drinking water

Incineration

Toluene Manufacturing

VP 22 Torr (PMN chemical is created or formed) Example Release(s)

MW * equipment cleaning

Density Production Volume? * sampling

Sol # of sites?

Batch size?

Batches/Year? Exposure Activities(s)

Wt fraction? * loading into transport

SAT/Model # of workers? containers

ECO (EpiSuite) * sampling

Health (SARs) Site(s) typically controlled by the submitter

minimal in number (1 - 3), lower # of workers

 larger, single point releases

Processing

BARGE to Houston (Solvent neither created or destroyed0

3804 tons Example Release(s) 

Pfizer, Puerto Rico Source/Activity: Fuel Blending * equipment cleaning

OR 1 - Unloading (truck) * container residue

import PMN 2 - Blending (tank) Trucks

3 - Reloading (truck)

Exposure Activities(s)

# of sites? 390 * unloading & loading containers

batches per year or operating days? * vapor release from unloading

Wt fraction chemical in product? 80% & loading operations

# of workers? assumes 1 per activity

SUBSEQUENT OPERATION:

transport of product / chemical:

% and type of container: 

Use

(olvent is destroyed in Cement Kiln) Example Release(s) 

Blended Toluene 15 Cement Kilns *equipment cleaning

3804 tons Source/Activity: Unloading *container residue

* End use releases

Use Rate? TRI Reporting

# of sites? 15 Exposure Activities(s)

Operating days/year? 350 unloading transport containers

# of workers end use activities:

* coating applications

Can have 1000's use sites, large # of workers * unit operations and processing

smaller releases over a number of sites * Miscellaneous activities
40

7.6: ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY: Toluene Fuel Blending

Water or Incineration

High End: 2.6E+1 kg/site-day over 1 day/yr from 130 sites or 3.4E+3 kg/yr

from: Cleaning Liquid Residuals from Tank Trucks Used to Transport the Raw Material

basis: EPA/OPPT Bulk Transport Residual Model, CEB standard 0.2% residual. 

Water or Incineration or Landfill

Conservative: 1.1E+0 kg/site-day over 1 day/yr from 130 sites or 1.4E+2 kg/yr

from: Equipment Cleaning Losses of Liquids from a Single, Large Vessel

basis: EPA/OPPT Single Vessel Residual Model, CEB standard 1% residual. annual tank cleanout. 

media of release is uncertain.

Air

Output 2: 3.6E-3 kg/site-day over 250 days/yr from 130 sites

from: Equipment Cleaning Losses of Liquids from a Single, Large Vessel

basis: EPA/OPPT Mass Transfer Coefficient Model.

Air

Typical: 8.5E-3 kg/site-day over 250 days/yr from 130 sites

Worst Case: 8.5E-3 kg/site-day over 250 days/yr from 130 sites

from: Loading Liquid Product into Tank Trucks

basis: EPA/OAQPS AP-42 Loading Model.

Air

Typical: 8.5E-3 kg/site-day over 250 days/yr from 130 sites

Worst Case: 8.5E-3 kg/site-day over 250 days/yr from 130 sites

from: Unloading Liquid Raw Material from Tank Trucks

basis: EPA/OAQPS AP-42 Loading Model.

Air

Output 2: 3.3E-5 kg/site-day over 250 days/yr from 130 sites

from: Cleaning Liquid Residuals from Tank Trucks Used to Transport the Raw Material

basis: EPA/OPPT Mass Transfer Coefficient Model.

Incineration

High End: 3.4E+3 kg/yr

from: Cleaning Liquid Residuals from Tank Trucks Used to Transport the Raw Material

basis: EPA/OPPT Bulk Transport Residual Model, CEB standard 0.2% residual. 

RELEASE TOTAL

8.1E+3 kg/yr - all sites
41

7.7: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY – Toluene Fuel Blending

Total # of workers: 390

Days/yr: 250

Inhalation:

Exposure to Vapor (Class II)

Typical: 1.6E+2 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Worst Case: 4.7E+3 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 130

Loading Liquid Product into Tank Trucks; 

Basis: EPA/OPPT Mass Balance Model.

NOTE: The respirator class is: II. Gas/vapor (all substances in the gas form).

Exposure to Vapor (Class II)

Typical: 1.9E+2 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Worst Case: 5.7E+3 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 130

Unloading Liquid Raw Material from Tank Trucks;

Basis: EPA/OPPT Mass Balance Model.

NOTE: The respirator class is: II. Gas/vapor (all substances in the gas form).

Exposure to Vapor (Class II)

Typical: 9.2E-3 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Worst Case: 8.3E-2 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 130

Cleaning Liquid Residuals from Tank Trucks Used to Transport the Raw Material; 

Basis: EPA/OPPT Mass Balance Model.

NOTE: The respirator class is: II. Gas/vapor (all substances in the gas form).

Dermal:

Exposure to Liquid at 82.50% concentration

High End: 1.5E+3 mg/day over 250 days/yr

Number of workers (all sites) with dermal exposure: 390

Loading Liquid Product into Tank Trucks, Unloading Liquid Raw Material from Tank Trucks, 

and Cleaning Liquid Residuals from Tank Trucks Used to Transport the Raw Material;

Basis: EPA/OPPT 2-Hand Dermal Contact with Liquids Model.

Health Effects8of Toluene:

Recognized: Developmental Toxicant

Suspected: Cardiovascular or Blood toxicant, Gastrointestinal of Liver toxicant, Immunotoxicant, 

Kidney Toxicant, Neurotoxicant, Reproductive Toxicant, Respiratory Toxicant, Skin or Sense Organ 

Toxicant. 

 

8

Scorecard is the web's most popular resource for information about pollution problems and toxic chemicals. 

www.Scorecard.org
42
43

APPENDIX 4

8.1: Mass Balance Model 

Left side incorporates all current TRI reporting in the four sectors, in which cement and incinerator operations are off-site. 

The Right side shifts current off-site disposal to on-site recycling, in which portions are sent to cement and incinerator operations. 

Cement Kiln (ER) Incinerator (I)

ER EOL I EOL NEW ER EOL INEW EOL

U L

Offsite ER EOL (end of 

life) Offsite I EOL (end of life) Cement kiln Incinerator

2008 Solvent Mass (tonne)

MASS 9,436 744 56,682 14,111 260,055 239,251 480,450 30,831 7,605 442,014 442,014

Air emission (tonne)

CO2 -- -- 267,961 86,555 58,553 464,619 104,657 130,431 47,577 -- 954,213

CH4 -- -- 725 284 107 2,716 191 369 162 -- 5,368

N2O -- -- 2 0.8 0 5 0 1 0 -- 11

CO -- -- 316 71 41 793 73 148 39 -- 1,642

NMVOC -- -- 476 117 298 2,208 532 286 61 -- 3,953

NOx -- -- 251 88 193 972 344 129 44 -- 1,884

SOx -- -- 944 426 256 3,145 458 440 241 -- 6,582

Water emission (tonne)

TOC -- -- 450 120 2 2,287 3 299 66 -- 4,170

BOD -- -- 30 14 14 99 26 14 8 -- 206

COD -- -- 1,802 480 5 9,190 8 1,201 261 -- 16,750

TDS -- -- 6,393 3,056 266 20,131 476 2,863 1,771 -- 43,173

Solid waste (tonne)

Solid waste -- -- 1,684 735 126 5,788 225 786 391 -- 11,835

Energy / Carbon

MMBTU -- -- 3,197,671 757,633 701,940 5,998,413 1,254,640 1,558,942 424,185 -- 12,372,487

MTCO2e -- -- 283,707 92,757 60,802 523,253 108,676 138,399 51,114 -- 1,070,380

Emission 

Type a, b

Underground 

Injection (U) 

and Landfill (L) Recovered 

Solvent (92% 

j

 of Distilled 

Mass)

 NEW BOL 

Mnfctring 

Emissions (ME) 

New Recycling (Bottoms - 92%

recovery, double steam)

NEW RECYCLING 

Mnfctring Emissions (ME) 

STEAM New 

Solvent Mass 

going to Steamf

Current Recycling (75%

reported in haz waste)

STEAM 

Onsite 

Reported 

Recycling 

Mass f

Baseline BOL 

Mnfctring 

Emissions (ME) 
44

APPENDIX 4

8.2: Modules Embedded in Mass Balance Model

One can enter a mass into the mass balance model, which has emission modules embedded into it. Following is 

the representative module, acronym, and color code that is utilized in the mass balance model. 

End of Life (EOL)

 The GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Life Cycle Assessment Waste Treatment Modules9, 

o GSK Incinerator (I) models emissions from mass sent to incinerator: 

 the combustion of solvents put in the incinerator ‘oven’,

 the manufacturing emissions of the solvents destroyed in the oven,

 and the Natural Gas used as fuel to heat the oven.

o Energy Recovery (ER) (GSK Adapted) models emissions from mass sent to Cement kiln:

 solvents burned as fuels to heat the cement kiln,

 and the manufacturing emissions from the solvents destroyed.

Extension of Life (EXOL)

o GSK Solvent Recovery models emissions from steam needed to evaporate the solvent 

Beginning of Life (BOL)

 GSK (embedded) and Zurich Institute10 (adapted) Manufacturing Emissions

o The GSK solvent recovery model derived manufacturing emissions to all media for 7 of our 

solvents: dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, methanol, THF, toluene (& ethanol)

o The Zurich Institute derived Solvent Production energy numbers. These numbers were derived 

by ERG11 to incorporate emissions to all media for Acetonitrile, butanol, cyclohexane, and 

methyl ethyl ketone.

o The remaining solvents were derived by ERG12 using structural properties.

 ERG13 Natural Gas LCI was used to model emissions from natural gas used as Fuel (EOL & BOL) 

o Incorporated N20 [not in GSK]

o Incorporated LCI [GSK was LCI but did not have N20]

 

9 Gonzalez, Overcash and Curzons, Waste Treatment Modules – a Partial Life Cycle Inventory, Journal of Chemical 

Technology and Biotechnology, 76: 707-706, 2001 

10 Hungerbuhler, et al,, ETH Zurich Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, What is a green Solvent? A comprehensive 

framework for the environmental assessment of solvents, Table 2; Results of the life-cycle assssment of 26 organic 

solvents, Green Chemistry Jounal, pg 927-934, 2007.

11 The ETH Zurich paper (Capello et al.) only provides the cumulative energy demand (CED) for the production of each 

solvent. To estimate emissions, it was assumed that the CED is supplied entirely by natural gas. Cradle-to-gate 

(combustion) life cycle inventory (LCI) data for natural gas were used to estimate the emissions associated with the 

manufacture of a solvent. 

12These solvents were assumed to have manufacturing emissions equal to a similar chemical included in the GSK model or 

a CED equal to a similar chemical included in Capello et al. Chloroform was assumed equal to dichloromethane and methyl 

tert-butyl ether was assumed equal to those of ethyl ether (GSK). Chlorobenzene was assumed equal to ethylbenzene; 

methyl isobutyl ketone was assumed equal to methyl ethyl ketone; and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was assumed equal to 

xylenes (Capello et al). 

13 Calculated by ERG, based on updates to LCI data available in the U.S.LCI Database. 

I (EOL)

ER (EOL)

STEAM

ME (BOL) 

Natural Gas