Piedras Blancas Piedras Blancas
 


Light Station Light Station
 


Outstanding Natural Outstanding Natural Area
 


Interpretive Plan Interpretive Plan
 


California California
 


BLM 

Bakersfield Field Office 
Piedras Blancas Light Station 
 

Outstanding Natural Area 
 

Interpretive Plan 

Historical Point Piedras Blancas continues to provide 
 

protection and refuge for people and wildlife 
 
 

 

 

 

 

Interpretive Plan 

For 

Piedras Blancas Light Station 

United States Department of The Interior 
 

Bureau of Land Management 
 

Bakersfield (CA) Field Office
 

Beth Erickson, Ph.D., 

Sacramento State University 

David Rolloff, Ph.D., 

Sacramento State University 

. 

Reviewed by: ________________________________________________________________ 

James Boucher, Park Manager Date 

Approved by: ________________________________________________________________ 

Tim Smith, Field Manager, Bakersfield Date 
 

 

United States Department of Interior 
 

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 
 

Bakersfield (CA) Field Office 
 

Piedras Blancas Light Station 
 

Outstanding Natural Area 
 

Interpretive Plan 
 

October, 2008 

Prepared by 

Beth Erickson, Ph.D. 
 

Sacramento State University
 


Department of Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration
 


David Rolloff, Ph.D. 
 

Sacramento State University
 


Department of Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 


Introduction Page 1 

Managing Agency 2 
 

Property Map of Piedras Blancas Light Station 3 
 

Setting 4 
 

Interpretive and Educational Goals and Objectives 6 
 

Context and Planning 7 
 

Summary of Current Situation 8 
 

Management Issues 9 
 

Visitor Demographics and Program Monitoring 12 
 

Interpretive Themes and Monitoring 15 
 

Partnerships and Programs 17 
 

Income from Associations/Friends Groups 18 
 

Income from Tour Fees 18 
 

Classroom Outreach, Environmental Ed and Field Trip Programs 18 
 

Exhisting Interpretation 19 
 

Interpretive Products 24 
 

Design Guidelines and NLCS and ONA Recognition 24 
 

Priorities and Strategies for Implementation 26 
 

High Priority Projects and Actions 27 
 

Conclusion 29 

Bibliography and Reference Materials 29 
 

Abbreviations 29 

Acknowledgements 30 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 1

Mission Statement, Piedras Blancas Light Station 

Manage and restore the Piedras Blancas Light Station to a period in history 

when the site played a significant role in the protection of central California 

maritime activities. In addition, preserve and protect the natural, historical and 

cultural resources of the site while providing opportunities for compatible 

scientific, cultural, social and interpretive activities for the benefit of present and 

future generations. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, circa 1885. 

1. Introduction 

This Interpretive Plan contains guidelines and recommendations for interpretation and 

environmental education at the Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural 

Area. The Plan assists in the future development of site interpretation and visitor services at the Piedras Blancas Light Station by evaluating the current work to date and 

by providing viable suggestions for future interpretive opportunities. This Plan is based 

on, and is inherently tied to, the Piedras Blancas Business Plan, the management 

goals and objectives as stated in the Piedras Blancas Management Plan, and the ongoing Caliente Resource Management Plan. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 2

Managing Agency 

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Piedras Blancas Light 

Station (PBLS) is managed by the Bureau of Land Management 

of the U.S. Department of The Interior. The BLM is dedicated to 

sustaining the health, diversity and productivity of public lands for 

the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. The 

BLM is committed to managing PBLS in accordance with federal 

laws, regulations and policies that protect the natural, scientific, 

cultural, social and historic resources. 

In 2008, PBLS was designated as an Outstanding Natural Area within the National 

Landscape Conservation System (NLCS). The NLCS collectively assembles BLM’s 

most spectacular landscapes, including National Conservation Areas, National 

Monuments, Wilderness, Wilderness Study Areas, Wild and Scenic Rivers, and 

National Scenic and Historic Trails. The designation ensures the conservation, 

protection and restoration of the nationally significant landscape of PBLS which is 

recognized for its cultural, ecological and scientific values. PBLS is one of five sites 

included as a Gateway to the California Coastal National Monument, a designation that 

protects geological features and habitat for marine plants and animals found along the 

entire 1,100 miles of California coastline. 

PBLS is bordered by land owned and managed by California Department of Parks and 

Recreation. The islets and rocks located offshore are part of the California Coastal 

National Monument. The surrounding coastal waters are part of the Monterrey Bay 

Marine Sanctuary managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, circa 1930. 
.

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 3
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 4 

2. Setting 

Piedras Blancas Light Station is located on a peninsula situated at the southern end of 

Big Sur and the Santa Lucia Mountains, six miles north of the community of old San 

Simeon. The 19 acre parcel includes approximately 1⁄2 mile of Pacific Ocean frontage 

and is surrounded by rocky shoreline that supports a diversity of marine life. 

The site is dotted with buildings constructed during the past 135 years, including a 

truncated lighthouse (1875), fuel/storage building (1876), fog signal building (1906), 

fuel/oil house (1907), tank house (1935), two residential duplex housing units (1960), 

Navy mobile instrumentation station (1960) and boathouse (1970). Four of the 

structures - the lighthouse, fog signal building, fuel/oil house and fuel/storage building 

and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 

When the BLM assumed management of Piedras Blancas in 2001, the site was 

covered with more than 40 non-native plant species dominated by a significant ground 

cover of iceplant (Carpobrotus sp.) 

The BLM invested in the removal of 

the non-native vegetation, and, as of 

January 2008, roughly 2/3rds of the 

exotic plants have been eradicated, 

resulting in a proliferation of more 

than 60 native plant species. 

In 2008, more than 1,500 compact 

cobweb thistles (Circium occidentale 

var. Compactum), listed as 

threatened in California, were documented as inhabiting the site. In 2001, there was a 

single plant. The increased abundance of native plant life has given rise to greater 

animal diversity, including bobcats, raccoons, deer, skunks, rabbits, grey fox, coyotes, 

weasels, squirrels and a variety of birds, and reptiles. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, 2006 . 

Northern elephant seals utilize the beaches surrounding Point Piedras. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 5

The near-shore marine environment is dynamic - rich in species diversity and minimally 

impacted by humans. Kelp is abundant in the surrounding water, supporting a healthy 

population of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). In addition, species such as 

red and black abalone, mussels and sea anemones are present in tide pool areas. One 

of the most striking features of Point Piedras Blancas is the Outer Islet, a 110 foot high 

rock located approximately 200 meters west of the Point. This rock provides a 

significant resting ground for a variety of birds including endangered species such as 

the brown pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis californicus), and the peregrine falcon (Falco 

peregrinus), which utilizes the rock as a breeding ground. The Outer Islet is also a 

significant haul-out site for the California sea lion (Zalophus californicus) and the lower 

lying surrounding reefs serve as haul-out areas for the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). 

The largest rookery for northern elephant seas (Mirounga angustirostris) on the United 

States mainland can be seen for several kilometers both to the north and the south of 

the point. Piedras Blancas Light Station is an excellent place to observe cetaceans, as 

many species utilize the near-shore waters. Most notable are the cow-calf gray whale 

(Eschrichtius robustus) pairs, which migrate close to the Point during Spring on their 

north bound journey to Artic waters. 

Point Piedras Blancas is situated near the cultural interface of two Native American 

groups: the Northern Chumash and the Salinan. It is assumed that both groups spent 

time in the area during the past 3,300 years, but neither tribe permanently inhabited 

the site. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station is a site where visitors and researchers can explore both 

the cultural history of the area and the abundant marine life that finds sanctuary along 

the adjoining coastal boundaries. 

Piedras Blancas Outer Islet. 
 

 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 6

3. Interpretive and Educational Goals & Objectives 

Goals 

The mission of the National Landscape Conservation System is to conserve, protect 

and restore nationally significant landscapes with outstanding cultural, ecological and 

scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations. Educating 

communities and individuals is an integral part of land management and is critical to 

ensuring sustained, long-term resource conservation. The NLCS provides many goals 

to guide management of the site. One goal in particular focuses on education and 

interpretation: 

● Use public land resources to promote life-long learning for all users to explore 

and discover these special areas. 

This goal has its roots in the BLM’s fundamental mission and vision to: 

● Enhance the quality of life for all citizens through the balanced stewardship of 

America’s public lands and resources. And to sustain the health, diversity, and 

productivity of public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future 

generations. 

Interpretation and environmental education are forms of communication stressing 

ideas and relationships that help build connections between resources and people. 

Once engaged, an understanding and appreciation of resource values generally 

follows, which in turn often results in heightened resource stewardship. 

A BLM employee dressed in the Lighthouse Service uniform 

discusses the life of the lighthouse keeper at Piedras Blancas. 
 

 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 7 

Objectives 

To meet the previously stated goals, interpretation at Piedras Blancas Light Station will 

be developed to accomplish the following: 

● Increase public knowledge and appreciation for the BLM and their programs 

including the California Coastal National Monument. 

● Increase public knowledge of the history of the Piedras Blancas Light Station 

● Increase public knowledge of wildlife viewing etiquette and principles of 

resource stewardship. 

● Monitor success of interpretive programs through the use of visitor surveys. 

● Monitor visitation capacity to protect prehistoric, cultural and natural 

resources. 

4. Context and Planning 

The processes of communication and collaboration are vital to successful management 

of the Piedras Blancas Light Station. Given the passionate interest by local community 

members and the fact that the land and waters bordering the site are managed by 

California Department of Parks and Recreation and the Monterey Bay National Marine 

Sanctuary, implementation of the Interpretive Plan is guided by unique partnership 

arrangements. Assumptions under which this Plan has been developed are described 

below: 

○ There has been, and continues to be, solid support in the 

surrounding communities for structured access to the 

lighthouse for the general public. Likewise, there is great 

interest in, and demand for, interpretation and education; 

○ There has been and continues to be, strong public support 

to restore the Light Station to the historic period between 

1875-1939; 

○ Sister agencies utilize Piedras Blancas as a base for 

scientific research; 

○ General public access to PBLS will continue to be day-use 

Whale researchers scan the area waters surrounding Point Piedras
 

Blancas for gray whales on their migration to the Arctic.
 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 8

only with structured guided tours provided by BLM staff and volunteers; 

○ PBLS is not likely to be a primary destination for the majority of visitors to the area. 

However, the Light Station could be a destination site, especially if tours are combined 

with those of nearby Hearst Castle; and 

○ There is a need to increase awareness of available guided tours at the site. 

5. Summary of Current Situation 

On October 25, 2001, Piedras Blancas Light Station was officially transferred from the 

United States Coast Guard to the Department of The Interior’s Bureau of Land 

Management. The area is managed to protect the habitat of indigenous species under 

the principles of multiple use management. The area’s unique biological, cultural, 

geologic and recreational qualities will be maintained and enhanced within the 

guidelines, objectives and planned actions of the Piedras Blancas Light Station 

Management Plan. 

Restoration Plan 

During meetings with the general public held in 2001, participants tasked the BLM to 

restore the Light Station to its period of greatest historic significance (1875-1939). To 

accomplish this, the lighthouse, fog signal building, fuel/oil house, fuel and storage 

building, and tank house will require significant historic restoration. The barn, watch 

room, assistant light keeper’s residence, head light keeper’s residence, laundry room 

and the storage shed and other significant structures will require reconstruction. 

Finally, the Navy mobile instrumentation station, the boathouse and the two duplex 

housing units will be removed since they were constructed in the 1960s and 70s. The 

cost to restore the entire Light Station is expected to amount to approximately $12 

million which includes rehabilitation and restoration of historic buildings, as well as 

demolition of existing, historically incompatible structures. An additional $275,000 will 

be necessary to meet annual maintenance and operational expenses. 

Staff 

The current staff at PBLS consists of one manager and one maintenance employee. 

The staff positions are supplemented by volunteers from nearby communities who 

manage tour operations and native plant restoration, and assist with maintenance and 

administrative tasks. 

Research 

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) uses the site to conduct population 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 9

studies of the southern sea otter and the northern elephant seal. Gray whale research 

is being carried out by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Other areas of scientific 

study include Pacific jet stream monitoring, managed by the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration and seismic studies, conducted by the United States 

Geological Survey. Researchers from the University of California at Santa Cruz and 

the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans study inter tidal 

population dynamics. 

6. Management Issues 

While the management of Piedras Blancas Light Station is the responsibility of the 

BLM, the lands surrounding the site are managed by the California Department of 

Parks and Recreation and the coastal waters are managed by the Monterey Bay 

National Marine Sanctuary. Some of the more prominent issues relating to 

interpretation are shared by these agencies but are managed differently. These issues 

are briefly described below as they relate to interpretation and education: 

Non-Native Species 

Controlling noxious, non-native and invasive plant species is a significant management 

challenge. Since the acquisition of the property, more than 800 tons of dried iceplant 

have been removed from the site, resulting in the return of native flora and fauna. The 

entire site is expected to be cleared of all non-native plant species by 2009. These are 

important issues to be addressed through interpretation and education. 

Protection and Restoration of Archeological Resources 

This geographic area was used by two Native American tribes: the Chumash and the 

Salinan. Point Piedras Blancas contains significant archeological resources throughout 

the property, most of which is covered by native vegetation. The tribes should be 

partners in creating any interpretive signage. Effective interpretation and education can 

be a tool with which these tribes preserve their heritage. 

Local volunteers work extensively to remove non-native species such 

as iceplant that have dominated the landscape since the 1940s. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 10

This Fresnel lens, once situated atop the 

Piedras Blancas Lighthouse, is now on 

display in the nearby town of Cambria. 

Protection and Restoration of Cultural Resources 

Historic era restoration of the Piedras Blancas Light 

Station is anticipated to take a minimum of ten years to 

complete. Some buildings have experienced extensive 

earthquake damage and require vital repairs that will 

result in altering the tours as buildings close to the public. 

Non-intentional Harassment of Wildlife 

Due to a lack of human interface, the terrestrial and 

marine mammals regard Piedras Blancas as a sanctuary 

free from disturbance. Marine mammals in particular are 

vulnerable to non-intentional harassment. These animals 

haul-out in large numbers on the shoreline and stampede 

when approached too closely. 

Visitor Access 

Visitors have access to PBLS through guided docent tours 

every Tuesday and Thursday, and the third Saturday of every month. For the Tuesday/ 

Thursday tours, visitors meet at the Piedras Blancas Motel, recently acquired by the 

California Department of Parks and Recreation. Visitors drive together in their private 

vehicles, following a BLM pilot car. On the Saturday tours, visitors meet at the Hearst 

Castle and are shuttled by bus provided by California Department of Parks and 

Recreation. Approximately 30 vehicles can park at the Lighthouse Station. With an 

increase in tours anticipated for the near future, and with limited parking available on 

site, having visitors shuttled by bus from the Piedras Blancas Motel to PBLS would 

both protect the site and help maintain a healthy partnership between the BLM and the 

California Department of Parks and Recreation. 

Fee Collection 

Currently, fees are collected for the guided docent tours on 

the third Saturday of every month by a BLM representative 

who travels to the site from the Bakersfield Office in 

accordance with the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement 

Act. There is no fee charged for the mid-week tours due to a 

shortage of staff needed to perform fee collecting duties. Instead, voluntary donations 

are solicited by the Piedras Blancas Lighthouse Station Association (PBLSA). An 

increase in the number of docent-led tours is anticipated for the future which would 

necessitate assessing fees for all interpretive programs. Income generated from tour 

fees would then be available to BLM and/or PBLSA. 
 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 11 

Accessibility for the Disabled 2008

At present, all trails and buildings open to the public 

are compliant with the Americans with Disabilities 

Act (ADA), with the exception of the lighthouse and 

the gift shop. Unfortunately, making the lighthouse 

ADA compliant would harm the integrity of the 

historic structure. An alternative strategy for 

individuals with disabilities to view the interior 

structure of the lighthouse may be to experience a 

“virtual tour”. In this context, a virtual tour would be 

comprised of panoramic images with a sequence of 

hyperlinked still or video images and/or virtual 

models of the lighthouse interior. This tour could be 

provided in the gift shop building until the 

assistant light keeper’s residence is reconstructed, 

which will eventually serve as the permanent visitor 

center. The gift shop will be ADA compliant by 

December, 2008. 

California Coastal Trail 

Coastwalk, a statewide non-profit organization, in conjunction with Coastal 

Conservancy, Coastal Commissions, State Parks and other community groups, is 

creating a recreation trail from Mexico to Oregon running along the coast of California. 

This trail will traverse state park lands adjacent to PBLS property near South Beach 

where elephant seals haul out. Discussion of the trail’s proximity to South Beach and 

subsequent impact on wildlife, must occur between all interested parties. An additional 

challenge will be to create a management strategy to contend with hikers who may 

enter PBLS property to visit the site without paying the entry fee. 

Staffing 

At present, the staff employed by the BLM at PBLS consists of one manager and one 

maintenance worker. The BLM depends upon a core group of volunteers to manage 

tour operations, restore native flora and assist in maintenance and administrative 

tasks. In conjunction with BLM management, volunteers have been charged with 

duties which include the creation of the interpretive tour content, visitor management, 

volunteer recruitment and scheduling, historical research, iceplant removal and the 

restoration of native plant species. With additional public tours expected in the near 

future, the operational sustainability of depending entirely upon volunteers is uncertain. 

Hiring one individual to manage the tours and volunteers and also collect tour fees 

would help sustain both the volunteer program and the tour operations. 
 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 12 

7. Visitor Demographics and Program Monitoring 

Creation of a successful interpretive strategy requires understanding the target 

audience and recognizing their expectations, establishing parameters of functional 

programs and identifying appropriate interpretive resources. With proper program 

monitoring, the interpretive strategy can be adapted as necessary to achieve desired 

objectives. 

Visitor Demographics 

Successful interpretation relates to visitors’ prior knowledge and their expectations of 

the experience itself. This Interpretive Plan categorizes visitors into three groups: 

residents of the local and regional area, non-locals, and organized groups. The 

characteristics of these particular visitor groups are described on the following page: 

Local and Regional Resident Visitors and Volunteers 

Local and regional residents are 

considered to be those living in San Luis 

Obispo and Monterey Counties, who 

make up the majority of visitors to PBLS. 

When local residents are informed about 

the availability of more frequent tours, it 

can be assumed that they will be more 

likely to visit. As might be expected, the 

majority of the volunteers at PBLS are 

retirees who reside in Cambria or other 

nearby towns. Having the opportunity to 

volunteer at a local site of such historical 

and ecological importance has enabled A guest at the Light Station fills out a comment card. 

these community members to become 

invested in the protection and sustainability of PBLS. In addition, some long-standing 

residents of the area have had an abiding interest in the lighthouse and have provided 

additional historical information to the enduring story of Piedras Blancas Light Station. 

Non-Local Visitors 

Non-local visitors to the area are those often traveling on State Highway 1 along Big 

Sur. This route stretches over 70 miles in length from Carmel in Monterey County to 

the north to San Simeon in San Luis Obispo County to the south. In 2006, the Big Sur 

area was voted the #3 top vacation destination in the United States by the Travelers 

Choice Awards. 
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Visitor Trend information provided by the San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce and 

Visitors Bureau indicates that the county hosted 8.6 million visitors in 2005 who spent 

$1.1 billion in patronizing local hotels, restaurants, shops and other businesses. Top 

attractions for visitors to the region include Hearst Castle, the city of San Luis Obispo, 

the numerous local beaches and the over 200 wineries and vineyards located in the 

area. Tourism in Monterey County was a $1.9 billion industry in 2005, ranking as the 

11th highest county for tourism expenditures in the state. Nearly 8 million individuals 

visit Monterey County annually, of which the Monterey Bay Aquarium is the most 

popular destination. 

Attractions situated near Piedras Blancas Light Station draw a large number of annual 

visitors. In 2007, over 650,000 guests toured the Hearst Castle while the San Simeon 

Discovery Center hosted approximately 17,500 visitors. It is estimated that over 

300,000 visitors stopped at the Elephant Seal Rookery, which is located one mile south 

of the Light Station. Approximately 1,095,000 visitors passed by PBLS in 2007 on their 

travels along State Highway 1. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station is currently not considered to be a primary visitor 

destination, but as its existence becomes more widely known, it will likely become an 

important attraction to visit while in the area. For example, members of the U.S. 

Lighthouse Society often plan their travels around visiting our nation’s lighthouses and 

would be likely to visit PBLS when it opens to the public on a regular basis. 

Organized Group Visitors 

This category of visitors includes groups affiliated with primary and secondary schools 

(grades K-12), colleges and universities, civic clubs and organizations, churches and 

special interest clubs. These groups typically come to the site for special tours, often 

related to their own specific interests. Both volunteers and the Site Manager provide 

interpretive programs to these organized visitor groups. 

Program Monitoring 

Both the effectiveness of interpretation as a management tool and the quality of visitor 

amenities is measured through monitoring and evaluation. Because guided tours offer 

the only access the general public has to the PBLS site, it is paramount that these 

programs be both professional and financially successful. 

Monitoring and evaluating interpretive programs and services can be complex. Rarely 

can all dimensions of an interpretive experience be effectively measured. Visitor 

engagement in the interpretive program, their physical comfort, and adherence to rules 

and regulations should be monitored and acted upon by tour guides. The content of 

the interpretive tour and quality of facility amenities should be continuously evaluated 
 

 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 14

and improved upon. 

Several methods are frequently used to evaluate the effectiveness of interpretive 

programs. Visitor use counts, visitor self-reporting, and casual observations and visitor 

interviews are currently used to monitor PBLS interpretive programs. 

Visitor Use Counts 

Baseline data about visitation levels can be collected to measure increases or 

decreases in visitor number at PBLS. Conducting these counts on a monthly basis 

could help the manager adjust interpretive program offerings. For example, if there are 

large groups of people who arrive during the whale migrations, the manager could then 

offer more programs to the public during those time periods. 

Visitor Self-Reporting 

Self-reports include suggestion box comment cards, responses to questionnaires and 

visitor log entries. The evaluative feedback that visitor self-reporting provides can help 

assist the manager in improving interpretative content and delivery, quality of facility 

amenities and the overall visitor experience. 

Casual Observations and Visitor Interviews 

This technique, while not statistically valid, can result in information that often provides 

sufficient data to direct management actions. Casual observations may occur at any 

location during the guided tour and can help guides and managers assess visitor 

satisfaction. For example, if participants appear tired during certain parts of the tour, 

providing benches at various intervals may be helpful. Visitor interviews may include 

one or two questions asked in informal, friendly conversation with guests who have just 

completed the guided tour. Sample questions could be, “What did you enjoy most 

about the light station?”, or “What did you learn about the marine life?” 

Often these are among the simplest and 

most effective observations. 

Conversations with visitors are also a 

personal way to compile information 

concerning general impressions, likes 

and dislikes, areas of confusion, and 

areas of understanding and inspiration. 

A volunteer in historic era attire 

describes the local flora and fauna. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 15 

8. Interpretive Themes and Objectives 

Interpretive Themes 

Themes provide a structure for both organizing information and focusing interpretive 

efforts on the preservation of key ideas. All information presented to the visitor should 

communicate the main interpretive theme. The primary interpretive theme at PBLS is: 

Historic Point Piedras Blancas continues to provide 

protection and refuge for people and wildlife. 

Directly related to this primary theme are 

several sub-themes that are more 

specific and guide the development of 

interpretive and educational programs. 

These are identified below: 

● For thousands of years, Native 

American tribes such as the Chumash 

and Salinan utilized the terrestrial and 

marine environments of Point Piedras 

Blancas for its abundant resources; 

● Spanish exploration of the coast near 

Point Piedras Blancas and the 

establishment of inland missions 

occurred during the 17th and 18th 

Northern elephant seals, Point Piedras Blancas, 2008. Centuries; 

● Increased ship traffic after the California gold rush and subsequent danger of ship 

wrecks necessitated the construction of a lighthouse at Point Piedras Blancas; 

● Between 1874 and 1906, Point Piedras Blancas developed into a fully operational 

Light Station using both light and sound as aids to maritime navigation; 

● The daily operation of the Light Station was a labor-intensive process involving such 

tasks as cleaning the Fresnel lens, winding the counterweight, trimming the wicks, 

polishing the brass-work, and hauling fuel to the lighthouse; 

• Life at the Light Station was difficult due to harsh weather, lack of water and 

supplies and social isolation; 

● There exist three methods of identifying a lighthouse from sea, including its physical 

appearance, the sound of the fog signal and the pattern of the light signal; 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 16

Existing interpretive sign about marine mammals. 

● Point Piedras Blancas is a sanctuary for terrestrial species and coastal marine life; 

● Point Piedras Blancas provides safety, protection and refuge to humans and wildlife; 

● The beaches surrounding Piedras Blancas are important haul-out and rookery sites 

for the northern elephant seal; 

● California sea lions and harbor 

seals utilize the Outer Islet and 

surrounding rocks as haul-out points; 

● Sea otters, once hunted to nearextinction, utilize the waters 

surrounding Point Piedras Blancas 

and contribute to the health of the kelp 

forests; 

● Point Piedras Blancas serves as an 

important area for ongoing and future 

scientific research; and 

● There is mosaic of management by 

varying agencies for Point Piedras Blancas and the bordering lands and coastal 

waters. 

Interpretive Objectives 

Visitors will gain a deeper knowledge and appreciation for all facets of PBLS including 

the cultural history, lighthouse operations and the marine and coastal ecosystems. An 

objective of interpretive and educational programming is for at least 25 percent of 

visitors participating in such programs to be able to: 

● Describe how different cultural groups historically utilized Point Piedras Blancas; 

● Explain reasons for the construction of the Piedras Blancas Light Station; 

● Describe challenges the early lighthouse keepers families faced living at PBLS; and 

● Explain why some marine mammals utilize the waters surrounding PBLS. 

Through interpretation and education visitors will learn about natural and cultural 

resource management issues within the Outstanding Natural Area. As a result, at least 

25 percent of the visitors participating in PBLS programs will be able to: 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 17

● Explain how introducing non-native 

plant species can effect a given area 

and the benefits of native plant 

restoration. 

● Explain why it is essential to protect 

the archeological resources found on 

the property; 

● Describe why BLM is restoring the 

buildings to the historical period 

between 1875-1939; and 

● Explain the importance of marine 

ecosystems and the need for 

protecting them. 

Staff Roles 

Staff and volunteers will communicate a variety of messages to the public through 

various media. Staff is expected to keep abreast of trends in the field of interpretation 

and environmental education. They should also be informed of current management 

issues and known health and safety risks specific to PBLS. 

9. Partnerships and Programs 

Organizations continue to partner with BLM to provide support and information for 

interpreters, facilitate guided tours and conduct on-site research. BLM’s partners at 

Piedras Blancas Light Station include the following: 

● Piedras Blancas Lighthouse Station Association 

● California Department of Parks and Recreation 

● Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary 

● California Department of Fish and Game 

● United States Geological Survey 

● National Marine Fisheries 

● Central Coast Lighthouse Keepers Society 

Native plants are now flourishing at PBLS. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 18 

● National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

10. Income from Associations/Friends Groups 

There is a strong need for active and consistent financial support for PBLS to 

supplement federal funding. Interpretive associations such as the Piedras Blancas 

Light Station Association provide necessary funding through the sale of merchandise, 

guidebooks and educational materials to the general public. Profits earned from these 

sales are kept on-site and provide essential financial support for the operation and 

development of interpretive services and building reconstruction and restoration. 

Voluntary public donations from tours are another effective source of income. They are 

also indicative of the degree to which the public supports interpretive programs and 

services. PBLSA also receives grants and donations from various sources to help site 

restoration efforts. 

11. Income from Tour Fees 

Currently, a $15.00 fee (in accordance with the Federal Lands Recreation 

Enhancement Act as an Expanded Amenity Fee) is charged for tours occurring on the 

third Saturday of every month with no admission fee assessed for the Tuesday and 

Thursday tours. Once a bonded BLM staff member is hired, fees may be proposed for 

all tours. Expanded amenity fees are charged for specialized outdoor recreation sites 

and services that provide direct benefits to individuals or groups. At Piedras Blancas 

this would include participation in an enhanced interpretive program of guided tours 

and the use of a reservation system. 

The money generated by fees will be used for restoration and operations and 

maintenance. This will supplement any appropriated funding. The revenues from 

25,000 paying adult visitors would generate approximately $370,000, enough to offset 

many operational costs. Additional visitation would provide funds for restoration 

purposes. One goal of the PBLS staff should be to generate enough income through 

tour fees to provide visitors with a quality recreation experience through enhanced 

facilities and services. 

12. Classroom Outreach, Environmental Ed and Field Trip Programs 

Classroom educational outreach efforts will be developed. Outreach groups are 

traditionally comprised of students from elementary school to university level, but may 

also be associated with service organizations, youth groups, or the like. These 

audiences often desire more in-depth information, as well as opportunities offering 

direct study. 

The outreach program must follow state curriculum standards and highlight local, 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 19 

natural and cultural history with field study 

exercises. 

A curriculum is currently being created for teachers 

and students at the 4th and 5th grade levels which 

complements the California history provided in the 

4th grade. This curriculum will include an 

information packet for teachers with the option for 

an on-site field trip to PBLS. As an alternative, a 

staff member may visit the school to discuss the 

cultural and natural history of Piedras Blancas. 

Teachers can also request additional classroom 

materials. The curriculum will adapt and apply to 

multiple disciplines including history, mathematics, 

science and English. 

A unique partnership between a group of dedicated school students at Grover Heights 

Elementary in Grover Beach and those who care for the Piedras Blancas Light Station 

has has collected more than $4,000 toward the restoration of the 132-year-old 

lighthouse through the "Pennies for Piedras" program. 

It is important that the students experience an authentic learning opportunity where 

they are able to investigate their natural and cultural heritage and apply what they have 

School groups combine fun 

with learning at PBLS. 

learned to their everyday life. 

13. Existing Interpretation 

Natural Resources 

Interpretive Trail 

Encircling the Light Station is a half-mile interpretive 

trail that visitors may walk to learn about the Light Station and view the extensive 

marine habitat and wildlife. The stations listed and described below are where 

interpretive panels, viewing overlooks and benches will be placed: 

Station A. From this vantage point, visitors face the 110 foot high Outer Islet, 

200 meters off the shoreline. Here California sea lions haul out, brown pelicans 

and Brandts cormorants rest and peregrine falcons nest. There are currently two 

panels at this location - one is associated with the Monterey Bay Marine 

Sanctuary and the various marine mammals that live within its boundaries - the 

other discusses whale migration. The latter should be removed and replaced 

with a panel discussing the importance of the California Coastal National 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 20

Monument as habitat for marine species. Two benches are placed at this 

overlook to accommodate visitors. 

Interpretive Map of Piedras Blancas Light Station 

Station B. Native plant restoration should be discussed at this station. A small 

overlook area with a bench is located here. Native plant restoration can be 

discussed along the trail at several locations. 

Station C. The whale migration panel removed from Station A should be placed 

at this location. Two benches are located at this location. 

Station D. The sub themes of this particular panel should be: kelp beds, otters 

and elephant seals. A bench is located at this station. (The shell midden will be 

briefly pointed out but will be explained in greater detail at station G.) 

Station E. The trail should is enlarged at this location and interpreters can talk 

to groups about the history of the wharf and tender ships. A bench is located 

here. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 21

Benches will be needed at Stations E1 and E2. 

Station F. Currently, there are two temporary panels at this station discussing 

the significance of the head and assistant light keepers’ houses. These two 

panels could remain until the construction of the houses are completed at which 

point they should be removed. An additional sign may be needed here to 

discuss the laundry facility and water tank buildings. There are four picnic tables 

at this location which should remain. 

Station G. A large viewing area should be constructed and two panels added to 

this location outlining the different cultural groups that have passed through or 

utilized this area. 

The first panel should be associated with Native American usage of Point 

Piedras Blancas. The second panel should outline the other cultural groups that 

impacted the area, including Spanish explorers; Portuguese whalers, Chinese 

seaweed collectors, Japanese abalone fishermen and Swiss dairy operators. 

Two benches would be useful at this location. 

At Station G1, there is currently a temporary sign discussing the importance of 

planting cypress trees as windbreaks. This sign should be a permanent sign and 

relocated to station F to emphasize the hardships of daily life at the light station. 

Station H. At present, there is a temporary panel here discussing the removal of 

non-native plant species and re-growth of the native flora. This should be 

replaced with a more weatherresistant panel that is more 

consistent with other signage 

on the trail. There is currently a 

bench at this location that 

could remain. 

Cultural Resources 

Visitor Center 

The visitor center will be the principal 

public information facility for the Light Station. Primary topics of information will include 

an introduction to Piedras Blancas and its natural and cultural resources. An interim 

visitor contact center will be located in the fuel storage shed after this building has 

been restored. The permanent visitor center will be housed in a replica of the assistant 

light keeper’s residence, once it is reconstructed over the next ten year period. It will 

house a museum and an information station on the first floor and management offices 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 22

on the second floor. Public restrooms will be located both in the visitor center and the 

replica residential storage shed. 

To present consistent and effective messages to visitors about Piedras Blancas, indoor 

and outdoor exhibits should be consistent with the goals, objectives and themes 

identified in this Interpretive Plan. 

Fog Signal Building 

● The fog signal building includes exhibits that interpret the following subjects: 

● Native American usage of the area; 

● The function and operation of the fog signal building; 

● Shipwrecks in the near vicinity; and 

● Marine mammals. 

Display cabinets located in the fog signal 

building contain examples of Native 

American artifacts found on-site or in nearby 

areas and artifacts from shipwrecks that 

have been donated to PBLS. When the 

permanent visitor center is built, it is 

recommended that the Native American 

artifacts be moved to this site where they 

can be displayed in closer proximity to 

Native American interpretive panels. 

Fuel/Oil House 

Here visitors learn how the fuel oil that 

powered the Light Station and Fresnel lens was stored in what is one of the first 

federally built reinforced concrete structures in California. 

Lighthouse 

The pivotal point in the tour is visiting the lighthouse where visitors learn about the 

management and operations of this structure during the historic time period. Original 

cabinets within the lighthouse contain implements used by the keepers who worked for 

the U.S. Lighthouse Service. Visitors will explore the following sub-themes when in the 

lighthouse: 

The fog signal building is seen at the top of 

the photo with the fuel/oil house in the front. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 23 

● How the lighthouse was architecturally 

constructed; 

● The various lighting techniques utilized in 

lighthouse signal operations; 

● The purpose and operation of the Fresnel 

lens; 

● The purpose and function of day marks and 

light signal patterns; and 

● The lives of people who managed and 

resided at the Light Station. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station brochures are located in the lighthouse. A donation box 

hangs by the door as visitors exit the structure. This will be initially moved to the interim 

visitor contact center and eventually to the permanent visitor center. 

Interpretative Display Cases 

There exist two mobile interpretative 

display cases containing tangible, hands 

-on teaching tools. One is stationed 

outside the fog signal building and the 

other near the Navy mobile 

instrumentation station. The fog signal 

building display case contains Native 

American artifacts. It is recommended 

that this case be placed closer to the 

site where Native American 

interpretation will occur and stored either 

in the fuel and storage building, once it 

is restored, or in the garage of one of 

the Coast Guard residencies. The other display case with marine mammal pelts and 

skulls may remain where it is currently located, but should eventually be moved to the 

whale overlook site during the tours. 

Virtual Tour 

A virtual tour of the interior of the lighthouse should be created for individuals with 

disabilities who cannot physically access the structure. This should be housed in the 

visitor center once it is completed. Until then, the virtual tour could be located in the 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 24

visitor contact center. 

California Coastal Light Station Auto Trail Tour 

In the future, an auto tour could be developed to connect the various light stations 

located along California State Highway 1. The tour could be promoted with interpretive 

materials that illustrate the history of the California Coastal light stations and their 

individual unique features. 

14. Interpretive Products 

The following interpretive products are currently available to the public from the BLM: 

Piedras Blancas Light Station brochure 

Native Plant Restoration brochure 

Tour information brochure 

Tour information 3 x 5 card 

California Coastal National Monument brochure 

Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary brochure 

BLM internet website: www.blm.gov/wo/st/en.html 

NLCS website: www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/NLCS.html 

Piedras Blancas website: www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bakersfield/Programs/pbls.html 

15. Design Guidelines and NLCS and ONA Recognition 

Properly designed signs and publications are important aspects of creating “place 

recognition”. Consistency and repetition in the use of logos, print style, and designs/ 

formats of signs and publications establishes a visual cue that visitors will associate 

with Piedras Blancas Light Station. A sign plan will establish formal guidelines for 

administrative, informational and interpretive signs. 

The Logo 

The Piedras Blancas Light Station BLM logo is the primary brand for this Outstanding 

Natural Area. This logo is to appear on all publications and most signs, as well as on 

the PBLS internet website. The logo will appear with the phase, Piedras Blancas 

Light Station Outstanding Natural Area, Unit of the National Landscape 

Conservation System. 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 25

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area 

Unit of the National Landscape Conservation System 

For all printed materials the following logo design standards need to be established: 

● The logo’s colors, text, font and layout must be consistent in all products that 

represent PBLS. Use of the logo on signs and exhibits must conform to the federal 

accessibility requirements; 

● Placement of the logo has been determined for a variety of print and electronic 

media in order to establish and maintain consistency; and 

● When used alone, the logo will be placed in the upper-left corner of the document 

(within established page/document borders). When used in conjunction with two or 

more federal logos (DOI, BLM, USDA, and/or USFS), the logo will be of equal size, 

located on the same line and usually centered between them. When used with only 

one other federal logo, the Piedras Blancas logo will be of equal size and lined up 

appropriately next to, or below it. 

Publications 

All publications representing Piedras Blancas Light Station should incorporate 

standardized design elements. Consistent formatting and use of logos, colors, texts 

and fonts are important for fostering public recognition of the Outstanding Natural Area. 

Electronic templates should be designed for use in three and four-fold brochures, rack 

cards, fliers and other such products. These templates will help establish consistency 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 26

in the publications. 

Publications should always reference the address, telephone number and internet 

website: www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bakersfield/Programs/pbls.html. 

The Theme Statement should also be included: Historical Point Piedras Blancas 

continues to provide protection and refuge to both humans and wildlife. 

Guidelines for Interpretive Exhibits and Publications 

The following guidelines are applicable to the development of interpretive exhibits and 

publications: 

● An interpretive message should be based on an established theme; 

● Graphics, poetry or other art forms should be used where appropriate to illustrate 

themes; 

● Stories or descriptions of events should be used to teach concepts rather than 

solely convey facts; 

● Titles should use five or fewer words to identify concepts and ideas; 

● Subtitles should be used to identify themes and introduce text paragraphs; 

Colors which reflect the surrounding environment should be incorporated into 

an exhibit’s design; 

● Text should be written to convey a certain message; 

● Text in exhibits should be at least 24 point font size; 

● Text blocks should not be entirely in capital letters; 

● Graphics should be clear, easy to identify and complementary to the text; and 

● The logos of the Outstanding Natural Area and the National Landscape 

Conservation System should be included in the exhibit. 

16. Priorities and Strategies for Implementation 

A challenge for BLM staff will be to provide visitor interpretation while simultaneously 

restoring and reconstructing site buildings. Based upon funding availability, the 

following list outlines the general order of restoration and reconstruction efforts: 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 27

1. Laundry room and water tank building restoration 

2. Fog signal building restoration 

3. Fuel/oil house restoration 

4. Removal of Coast Guard buildings and Navy instrumentation station 

5. Lighthouse restoration 

6. Barn reconstruction 

7. Light keepers’ residences reconstruction. 

During reconstruction and restoration, buildings will be off-limits to the visitor and 

interior exhibits temporarily removed. During restoration of the fog signal building, the 

exhibits could be housed in the gift shop, a converted garage in the Coast Guard 

building or in the Navy instrumentation station. When the lighthouse is under 

restoration, interior exhibits could be housed in the gift shop or fog signal building. If 

funding becomes available and the barn or watch room constructed prior to lighthouse 

reconstruction, this space could be used to display exhibits from the other buildings. 

17. High Priority Projects and Actions 

1. Adopt basic design guidelines for interpretive materials and facilities, ensuring that 

accessibility requirements are met. Create a virtual tour of the interior of the lighthouse 

for individuals with disabilities who are unable to access the site. This tour could be 

provided in the visitor contact center until the assistant light keeper’s residence is 

reconstructed. Retrofit existing wheelchairs with mountain bike tires to increase trail 

accessibility for individuals with mobility challenges. Ensure availability of an individual 

who is fluent in American Sign Language to provide programs for those who are 

hearing impaired. 

2. Hire at least one staff member who can manage volunteers, create interpretive 

programs, collect tour fees, and assist the site manager. 

3. Determine the carrying capacity of Piedras Blancas Light Station. The number of 

daily tours and number of people permitted on each tour needs to be established in 

light of the number of staff and volunteers available to provide the tours and 

educational programs. 

4. Obtain a shuttle vehicle to transport all tour participants from the Piedras Blancas 

Motel to PBLS. 

5. Design and construct interpretive viewpoint areas and place benches at designated 

locations along the walking trail. 

6. Design standardized, weather-resistant interpretive panels and place them at the 

appropriate locations along the walking trail. Work with local Chumash and Salinan 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 28

tribal members to design an interpretive panel that is both historically accurate and 

culturally sensitive. 

7. For more effective and efficient program delivery, the following guidelines should be 

adopted: 

● A consistent interpretive theme that is communicated to the public on the 

general tours; 

● A uniform travel route that all tours follow; and 

● A standardized fee structure for all tours. 

8. Create special tours and/or programs based on seasonal themes. For example, 

whale programs could be presented during the spring migration and/or elephant seal 

programs during the mating/birthing season. Establish fees for special tours and 

events. 

9. Work with PBLSA to create and distribute educational and outreach materials for 

school programs; 

10. Develop new publications and update existing ones, incorporating consistent 

design standards throughout; and 

11. Market PBLS to various chambers of commerce, travel bureaus and individuals 

throughout the state and country; 

12. Create standardized press/media kits that include basic information about PBLS, 

its partnerships, the site’s geographic and biological features, and the region’s history 

and people; and 

13. Create translation sheets of interpretive panels in Spanish, French, German, 

Chinese and Japanese. 
 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 29

18. Conclusion 

The Piedras Blancas Light Station provides a unique example of creative and 

cooperative collaboration between federal and state agencies, non-profit organizations 

and community members which can serve as a model for the future management of 

BLM properties. 

19. Bibliography and Reference Materials 

BLM Strategic Plan for Colorado, 2007 

California Coastal Trail website: www.californiacoastaltrail.info 

Carrizo Plain National Monument Interpretive Plan, 2005 

Conducting Meaningful Interpretation by Ward and Wilkinson, 2006 

The National Landscape Conservation System website: www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/ 

prog.blm_special_areas/NCLS.html. 

Native Plant Restoration brochure, Piedras Blancas Light Station, BLM 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Photo Collection, 2008 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Management Plan and Environmental Assessment, 

2007 

Piedras Blancas Light Station: A Brief Look Into the Past and Up to the Present. 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Information Manual for Tour Guides, 2008 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Business Plan 

Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountain National Monument Interpretive Plan, 2007 

The Federal Recreation Enhancement Act 

Workbook for Planning Interpretive Projects in California State Parks, 2008 

Yaquina Head Outstanding Natural Area Management Plan 

Abbreviations 

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act 

BLM Bureau of Land Management 

DOI Department of The Interior 

NLCS National Landscape Conservation System 

ONA Outstanding Natural Area 

PBLS Piedras Blancas Light Station 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 30

PBLSA Piedras Blancas Light Station Association 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

USFS United States Forest Service 

USGS United States Geological Survey 

Photographs 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, 2006 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, circa 1885 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, circa 1930 

Aerial View of Piedras Blancas Light Station 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, 2006 

Elephant Seal Haul-out on South Beach 

Piedras Blancas Outer Islet 

BLM Employee Duane Christian Giving an Interpretive Program 

Whale Researchers 

Volunteers Removing Iceplant 

Fresnel Lens 

Piedras Blancas Lighthouse, 2008 

A Guest at the Light Station 

Tour group 

Northern Elephant Seals 

An Existing Interpretive Sign 

Native Flora 

School Group 

An Existing Interpretive Sign 

Aerial Interpretive Map of Piedras Blancas Light Station 

Existing Interpretive Sign and Bench 

Aerial View of the Fog Signal Building/Fuel Oil House 

Display Cabinet Insite the Lighthouse 

Lighthouse with Rainbow 

Piedras Blancas Light Station, 2008 

The Compound Area Adjacent to the Lighthouse 

The Coastline at Piedras Blancas 

The Lighthouse Looking at the Entrance Door, 2008 

Cover 

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Inside Back 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 31

View of the living quarters and compound from the top of the lighthouse. 

The photograph was taken prior to the removal of the water storage tank.
 
Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area Interpretive Plan Page 32

Acknowledgements 

We wish to extend a special thanks to Sue Dallon, Jim Boucher, Jon Erickson, the 

PBLSA and all the volunteers who contributed in the preparation of this document. To 

each and every one of them we wish to express our thanks and gratitude for their 

support as we work together to fully realize this incredible place we call the Piedras 

Blancas Light Station. 

The rugged coastline at Piedras Blancas.