II 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 868 

To address the disparate impact of climate change on women and support 

the efforts of women globally to address climate change, and for other 

purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 26, 2019 

Ms. HIRONO introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To address the disparate impact of climate change on women 

and support the efforts of women globally to address 

climate change, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Women and Climate Change Act of 2019’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Findings. 

Sec. 3. Definitions. 

Sec. 4. Statement of policy. 


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TITLE I—STRATEGIES, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS 

Sec. 101. Federal Interagency Working Group on Women and Climate Change. 

Sec. 102. Development and implementation of strategy and policies to prevent 

and respond to the effects of climate change on women globally. 

TITLE II—OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY 

Sec. 201. Senior Coordinator for Women and Climate Change. 

Sec. 202. Briefing and report. 

1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress makes the following findings: 

3 (1) Women in the United States and around 

4 the world are the linchpin of families and commu5 nities and are often the first to feel the immediate 

6 and adverse effects of social, environmental, and eco7 nomic stresses on their families and communities. 

8 (2) The United Nations has recognized, as one 

9 of the central organizing principles for its work, that 

10 ‘‘no enduring solution to society’s most threatening 

11 social, economic and political problems can be found 

12 without the full participation, and the full empower13 ment, of the world’s women’’. 

14 (3) The United Nations Development Pro15 gramme 2013 Human Development Report has 

16 found that the number of people living in extreme 

17 poverty could increase by up to 3,000,000,000 by 

18 2050 unless environmental disasters are averted by 

19 coordinated global action. 


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1 (4) Climate change is already forcing the most 

2 vulnerable communities and populations in devel3 oping countries to face unprecedented climate stress, 

4 including water scarcity and drought, as well as se5 vere weather events and floods, which can lead to re6 duced agricultural productivity, food insecurity, and 

7 increased disease. 

8 (5) Climate change exacerbates issues of scar9 city and lack of accessibility to primary natural re10 sources, forest resources, and arable land for food 

11 production, thereby contributing to increased conflict 

12 and instability, as well as the workload and stresses 

13 on women farmers, who are estimated to produce 60 

14 to 80 percent of the food in most developing coun15 tries. 

16 (6) Women will disproportionately face harmful 

17 impacts from climate change, particularly in poor 

18 and developing nations where women regularly as19 sume increased responsibility for growing the fam20 ily’s food and collecting water, fuel, and other re21 sources. 

22 (7) Epidemics, such as malaria and zika, are 

23 expected to worsen and spread due to variations in 

24 climate, putting women (especially pregnant mothers 

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1 dren without access to prevention and medical serv2 ices at risk. 

3 (8) The direct and indirect effects of climate 

4 change have a disproportionate impact on 

5 marginalized women, such as environmental refugees 

6 and displaced persons, migrants, religious, racial, or 

7 ethnic minorities, adolescent girls, lesbian and trans 

8 women, women living in poverty, and women and 

9 girls with disabilities and those who are living with 

10 HIV. 

11 (9) Conflict has a disproportionate impact on 

12 the most vulnerable communities and populations, 

13 including women, and is fueled in the poorest re14 gions of the world by harsher climates, leading to 

15 migration, refugee crises, and conflicts over scarce 

16 natural resources, including land and water. 

17 (10) Displaced, refugee, and stateless women 

18 and girls face extreme violence and threats, includ19 ing— 

20 (A) being forced to exchange sex for food 

21 and humanitarian supplies; 

22 (B) being at increased risk of rape, sexual 

23 exploitation, and abuse; and 


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1 (C) being at increased risk for HIV, sexu2 ally transmitted infections (STIs), unplanned 

3 pregnancy, and poor reproductive health. 

4 (11) It is predicted that climate change will 

5 lead to increasing frequency and intensity of extreme 

6 weather conditions, precipitating the occurrence of 

7 natural disasters around the globe. 

8 (12) The relocation and death of women, and 

9 especially mothers, as a result of climate-related dis10 asters often has devastating impacts on social sup11 port networks, family ties, and the coping capacity 

12 of families and communities. 

13 (13) The ability of women to adapt to climate 

14 change is constrained by a lack of economic free15 doms, property and inheritance rights, and access to 

16 financial resources, education, family planning and 

17 reproductive health, and new tools, equipment, and 

18 technology. 

19 (14) Despite having a unique capacity and 

20 knowledge to promote and provide for adaptation to 

21 climate change, women often have insufficient re22 sources to undertake such adaptation. 

23 (15) Women are shown to have a multiplier ef24 fect because women use their income and resources, 

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1 being of their children and families, and thus play 

2 a critical role in reducing food insecurity, poverty, 

3 and socioeconomic effects of climate change. 

4 (16) Women are often underrepresented in the 

5 development and formulation of policy regarding 

6 mitigation and adaptation to climate change, even 

7 though women are often in the best position to pro8 vide and consult on adaptive strategies. 

9 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

10 In this Act: 

11 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT12 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com13 mittees’’ means— 

14 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 

15 and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

16 Senate; and 

17 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 

18 the Committee on Appropriations of the House 

19 of Representatives. 

20 (2) CLIMATE CHANGE.—The term ‘‘climate 

21 change’’ means a change of climate that is attrib22 uted directly or indirectly to— 

23 (A) human activity; and 

24 (B) altering the composition of the global 

25 atmosphere. 


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1 (3) DEVELOPING COUNTRY.—The term ‘‘devel2 oping country’’ means a country classified by the 

3 World Bank as having a low-income or lower-middle4 income economy. 

5 (4) DISPARATE IMPACT.—The term ‘‘disparate 

6 impact’’ refers to the historical and ongoing impacts 

7 of the pattern and practice of discrimination in em8 ployment, education, housing, banking, health, and 

9 nearly every other aspect of life in the economy, so10 ciety, or culture that have an adverse impact on mi11 norities, women, or other protected groups, regard12 less of whether such practices were motivated by dis13 criminatory intent. 

14 (5) ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS.—The term 

15 ‘‘environmental disasters’’ means specific events 

16 caused by human activity that result in seriously 

17 negative effects on the environment. 

18 (6) ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES.—The term 

19 ‘‘environmental refugees’’ means people displaced be20 cause of environmental causes, notably land loss and 

21 degradation, and natural disasters, who have left 

22 their community or country of origin. 

23 (7) EXTREME POVERTY.—The term ‘‘extreme 

24 poverty’’ means having an income level or living 

25 standard at a level of extreme deprivation based on 


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1 living with income below 50 percent of the poverty 

2 line as established by the individual country at issue, 

3 or below $1.90 per day as determined by the World 

4 Bank. 

5 (8) EXTREME WEATHER.—The term ‘‘extreme 

6 weather’’ means unexpected, unusual, unpredictable, 

7 severe, or unseasonal weather that is at the extremes 

8 of the historical distribution range that has been 

9 seen in the past. 

10 (9) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal 

11 agency’’ means any executive department, Govern12 ment corporation, Government-controlled corpora13 tion, or other establishment in the executive branch 

14 of the Government (including the Executive Office of 

15 the President), or any independent regulatory agen16 cy. 

17 (10) FOOD INSECURITY.—The term ‘‘food inse18 curity’’ means a lack of consistent access to food. 

19 (11) MOST VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES AND

20 POPULATIONS.—The term ‘‘most vulnerable commu21 nities and populations’’ means communities and pop22 ulations, including women, impoverished commu23 nities, adolescent girls, people with disabilities, indig24 enous peoples, refugees, displaced persons, migrants, 

25 religious, racial, or ethnic minorities, lesbian and 


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1 trans women, women living in poverty, women and 

2 girls with disabilities, and those who are living with 

3 HIV, who are at risk of substantial adverse impacts 

4 of climate change and have limited capacity to re5 spond to such impacts. 

6 (12) POVERTY.—The term ‘‘poverty’’ means an 

7 income level and living standard insufficient to meet 

8 basic needs. 

9 SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

10 It is the policy of the United States, in partnership 

11 with affected countries, donor country governments, inter12 national financial institutions, international nongovern13 mental organizations, multilateral organizations, and civil 

14 society groups, especially those led by women, to combat 

15 the leading causes of climate change, mitigate the effects 

16 of climate change on women and girls, and elevate the par17 ticipation of women in policy, program, and community 

18 decision-making processes with respect to climate change, 

19 by— 

20 (1) establishing the Federal Interagency Work21 ing Group on Women and Climate Change, the mis22 sion of which is to prevent and respond to the ef23 fects of climate change on women globally; and 

24 (2) implementing a coordinated, integrated, evi25 dence-based, and comprehensive strategy on women 


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1 and climate change throughout United States poli2 cies in the future. 

3 TITLE I—STRATEGIES, POLICIES, 

4 AND PROGRAMS 

5 SEC. 101. FEDERAL INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON 

6 WOMEN AND CLIMATE CHANGE. 

7 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 

8 Department of State a Federal Interagency Working 

9 Group on Women and Climate Change (in this Act re10 ferred to as the ‘‘Working Group’’). 

11 (b) CHAIRPERSON.—The Senior Coordinator for 

12 Women and Climate Change designated pursuant to sec13 tion 201 shall serve as the chairperson of the Working 

14 Group. 

15 (c) MEMBERSHIP.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Working Group shall be 

17 composed of one senior-level representative from 

18 each of the Federal agencies described in paragraph 

19 (2), as selected by the head of the respective agency 

20 from the senior ranks of that agency. 

21 (2) AGENCIES.—The agencies described in this 

22 paragraph are the following: 

23 (A) The Department of State, including— 

24 (i) the Office of Global Women’s 

25 Issues; 


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1 (ii) the Office of Civil Rights; 

2 (iii) the Bureau of Oceans and Inter3 national Environmental and Scientific Af4 fairs; 

5 (iv) the Bureau of Population, Refu6 gees, and Migration; 

7 (v) the Bureau of Democracy, Human 

8 Rights, and Labor; and 

9 (vi) the Bureau of International Orga10 nization Affairs. 

11 (B) The United States Agency for Inter12 national Development. 

13 (C) The Centers for Disease Control and 

14 Prevention. 

15 (D) The Environmental Protection Agency. 

16 (E) The National Oceanic and Atmos17 pheric Administration. 

18 (F) The National Institutes of Health. 

19 (G) The National Science Foundation. 

20 (H) The Council on Environmental Qual21 ity. 

22 (I) Such other agencies as may be des23 ignated by the Senior Coordinator for Women 

24 and Climate Change. 

25 (d) FUNCTIONS.—The Working Group shall— 


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1 (1) coordinate and integrate the development of 

2 all policies and activities of the Federal Government 

3 across all agencies relating to— 

4 (A) combating the effects of climate 

5 change on women in the national and inter6 national sphere; and 

7 (B) improving the response and strategy of 

8 the Federal Government to fight climate change 

9 for the security of the United States and the 

10 international community; 

11 (2) allow each member of the Working Group 

12 to act as a representative for the Working Group 

13 within the Federal department or agency of such 

14 member to facilitate implementation of the Working 

15 Group policies within such department or agency; 

16 (3) ensure that all relevant Federal depart17 ments or agencies comply with appropriate guide18 lines, policies, and directives from the Working 

19 Group, the Department of State, and other Federal 

20 departments or agencies with responsibilities relating 

21 to climate change; 

22 (4) ensure that Federal departments or agen23 cies, State governments, and relevant congressional 

24 committees, in consultation with nongovernmental 

25 organizations and policy experts in the field and 


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1 State and local government officials who administer 

2 or direct policy for programs relating to climate 

3 change and women— 

4 (A) have access to, receive, and appro5 priately disseminate best practices in the ad6 ministration of such programs; 

7 (B) have adequate resources to maximize 

8 the public awareness of such programs; 

9 (C) increase the reach of such programs; 

10 (D) share relevant data; and 

11 (E) issue relevant guidance; and 

12 (5) identify and disseminate best practices for 

13 improved collection on the part of each Federal de14 partment or agency of data relevant to the disparate 

15 impact of climate change on women, including in— 

16 (A) unpaid care work; 

17 (B) community advocacy, activism, and 

18 representation; 

19 (C) women’s and girls’ access to education; 

20 (D) access to comprehensive health care, 

21 including reproductive health and rights; 

22 (E) desertification and food insecurity; 

23 (F) community infrastructure, multilevel 

24 Government adaptability, and climate resilience; 


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1 (G) climate and weather-related crisis re2 sponse, including safety from gender-based vio3 lence; and 

4 (H) women’s involvement and leadership in 

5 the development of frameworks and policies for 

6 climate resilience. 

7 (e) CONSULTATION.—The Working Group may con8 sult and obtain recommendations from such independent 

9 nongovernmental policy experts, State and local govern10 ment officials, independent groups and organizations, or 

11 other groups or organizations as the Senior Coordinator 

12 for Women and Climate Change determines will assist in 

13 carrying out the mission of the Working Group. 

14 (f) FREQUENCY OF MEETINGS.—The Working Group 

15 shall— 

16 (1) meet not less frequently than once each 

17 quarter to discuss and develop policies, projects, and 

18 programs; and 

19 (2) meet with the Senior Coordinator for 

20 Women and Climate Change not less frequently than 

21 once each month to report on and discuss implemen22 tation of such policies, projects, and programs. 


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1 SEC. 102. DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF 

2 STRATEGY AND POLICIES TO PREVENT AND 

3 RESPOND TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE 

4 CHANGE ON WOMEN GLOBALLY. 

5 (a) INITIAL STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than 

6 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

7 Senior Coordinator for Women and Climate Change and 

8 the Ambassador-at-Large for the Office of Global Wom9 en’s Issues of the Department of State, in consultation 

10 with the Working Group, shall develop and submit to the 

11 appropriate congressional committees a United States Na12 tional and International Strategy to prevent and respond 

13 to the effects of climate change on women. 

14 (b) CONTENTS.—The strategy submitted under sub15 section (a) shall include— 

16 (1) recognizing the disparate impacts of climate 

17 change on women and the efforts of women globally 

18 to address climate change; 

19 (2) taking effective action— 

20 (A) to prevent and respond to climate 

21 change and mitigate the effects of climate 

22 change on women around the world; and 

23 (B) to promote gender equality, economic 

24 growth, public health, racial justice, and human 

25 rights; 


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1 (3) implementing the United Nations Sustain2 able Development Goals listed in subsection (f), 

3 through and beyond 2030, as part of the strategy to 

4 prevent and respond to the effects of climate change 

5 on women globally; 

6 (4) implementing balanced gender participation 

7 to avoid reinforcing binary roles, especially among 

8 individuals from the communities most impacted, in 

9 climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, in10 cluding in governance and diplomatic positions with11 in the United States Government; 

12 (5) working at the local, national, and inter13 national levels, including with individuals, families, 

14 and communities, to prevent and respond to the ef15 fects of climate change on women; 

16 (6) systematically integrating and coordinating 

17 efforts to prevent and respond to the effects of cli18 mate change on women internationally into United 

19 States foreign policy and foreign assistance pro20 grams; 

21 (7) investing in research on climate change 

22 through appropriate Federal departments or agen23 cies and funding of university and independent re24 search groups on the various causes and effects of 

25 climate change; 


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1 (8) developing and implementing gender-sen2 sitive frameworks in policies to address climate 

3 change that account for the specific impacts of cli4 mate change on women; 

5 (9) developing policies to support women who 

6 are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate 

7 change to prepare for, build their resilience to, and 

8 adapt to such impacts, including a commitment to 

9 increase education and training opportunities for 

10 women to develop local resilience plans to address 

11 the effects of climate change; 

12 (10) developing and investing in programs for 

13 the education and empowerment of women and girls 

14 in the United States and across the global commu15 nity, including to gather information on how climate 

16 change is affecting their lives and for guidance on 

17 the needs of their families and communities in the 

18 face of climate change, in coordination with the dip19 lomatic missions of other countries; 

20 (11) consulting with representatives of civil so21 ciety, including nongovernmental organizations, com22 munity and faith-based organizations, multilateral 

23 organizations, local and international civil society 

24 groups, and local climate change organizations and 

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1 ence in preventing and responding to the effects of 

2 climate change on women; 

3 (12) supporting and building local capacity in 

4 developing countries, including with respect to gov5 ernments at all levels and nongovernmental organi6 zations (especially women-led), to prevent and re7 spond to the effects of climate change on women; 

8 (13) developing programs to empower women in 

9 communities to have a voice in the planning, design, 

10 implementation, and evaluation of strategies to ad11 dress climate change so that their roles and re12 sources are taken into account; 

13 (14) including women in economic development 

14 planning, policies, and practices that directly im15 prove conditions that result from climate change; 

16 (15) integrating a gender approach in all poli17 cies and programs in the United States that are 

18 globally related to climate change; and 

19 (16) ensuring that such policies and programs 

20 support women globally to prepare for, build resil21 ience for, and adapt to, climate change. 

22 (c) UPDATES.—The Senior Coordinator for Women 

23 and Climate Change shall— 

24 (1) consult with the Working Group to collect 

25 information and feedback; and 


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1 (2) update the strategy and programs to pre2 vent and respond to the effects of climate change on 

3 women globally, as the Senior Coordinator for 

4 Women and Climate Change considers appropriate. 

5 (d) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND BUDGET RE6 QUIRED.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the 

7 submittal of the strategy under subsection (a), the Senior 

8 Coordinator for Women and Climate Change shall submit 

9 to the appropriate congressional committees an implemen10 tation plan and budget for the strategy. 

11 (e) ASSISTANCE AND CONSULTATION.—The Senior 

12 Coordinator for Women and Climate Change shall assist 

13 and provide consultation to the Secretary of State in pre14 venting and responding to the effects of climate change 

15 on women globally. 

16 (f) UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

17 GOALS THROUGH AND BEYOND 2030.—The United Na18 tions Sustainable Development Goals listed in this sub19 section are the following: 

20 (1) Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere. 

21 (2) Ending hunger, achieving food security and 

22 improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agri23 culture. 

24 (3) Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well25 being for all and at all ages. 


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1 (4) Ensuring inclusive, equitable, and quality 

2 education and promoting lifelong learning opportuni3 ties for all. 

4 (5) Achieving gender equality and empowering 

5 all women and girls. 

6 (6) Ensuring the availability and sustainable 

7 management of water and sanitation for all. 

8 (7) Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sus9 tainable, and modern energy for all. 

10 (8) Promoting sustained, inclusive, and sustain11 able economic growth, full and productive employ12 ment, and decent work for all. 

13 (9) Building resilient infrastructure, promoting 

14 inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and fos15 tering innovation. 

16 (10) Reducing inequality within and among 

17 countries. 

18 (11) Making cities and human settlements in19 clusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. 

20 (12) Ensuring sustainable consumption and 

21 production patterns. 

22 (13) Taking urgent action to combat climate 

23 change and its impacts. 


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1 (14) Conserving and sustainably using the 

2 oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable 

3 development. 

4 (15) Protecting, restoring, and promoting sus5 tainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably 

6 managing forests, combating desertification, and 

7 halting and reversing land degradation and biodiver8 sity loss. 

9 (16) Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies 

10 for sustainable development, providing access to jus11 tice for all, and building effective, accountable and 

12 inclusive institutions at all levels. 

13 (17) Strengthening the means of policy imple14 mentation and revitalizing the global partnership for 

15 sustainable development. 

16 TITLE II—OVERSIGHT AND 

17 ACCOUNTABILITY 

18 SEC. 201. SENIOR COORDINATOR FOR WOMEN AND CLI19 MATE CHANGE. 

20 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Ambassador-at-Large of 

21 the Office of Global Women’s Issues of the Department 

22 of State shall designate an individual to serve as a Senior 

23 Advisor, or equivalent role, who shall serve concurrently 

24 as the Senior Coordinator for Women and Climate 

25 Change. 


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1 (b) DUTIES.—The Senior Coordinator for Women 

2 and Climate Change shall— 

3 (1) direct the activities, policies, programs, and 

4 funding of the Department of State relating to the 

5 effects of climate change on women, including with 

6 respect to efforts to prevent and respond to those ef7 fects; 

8 (2) advise the Secretary of State, the relevant 

9 heads of other Federal departments and independent 

10 agencies, and other entities within the Executive Of11 fice of the President, regarding the establishment 

12 of— 

13 (A) policies, goals, objectives, and priorities 

14 for addressing and combating the effects of cli15 mate change on women; and 

16 (B) mechanisms to improve the effective17 ness, coordination, impact, and outcomes of 

18 programs relating to addressing and combating 

19 the effects of climate change on women, in co20 ordination with experts in the field, nongovern21 mental organizations, and foreign governments; 

22 and 

23 (3) identify and assist in the resolution of any 

24 disputes that arise between Federal agencies relating 

25 to policies and programs to address and combat the 


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1 effects of climate change on women or other matters 

2 within the responsibility of the Office of Global 

3 Women’s Issues. 

4 (c) REPORTING.—The Senior Coordinator for Women 

5 and Climate Change shall report to the Ambassador-at6 Large for the Office of Global Women’s Issues and the 

7 Secretary of State. 

8 SEC. 202. BRIEFING AND REPORT. 

9 Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact10 ment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Ambas11 sador-at-Large and the Senior Coordinator for Women 

12 and Climate Change shall jointly— 

13 (1) brief the appropriate congressional commit14 tees on— 

15 (A) the effects of climate change on 

16 women; and 

17 (B) the prevention and response strategies, 

18 programming, and associated outcomes with re19 spect to climate change; and 

20 (2) submit to the appropriate congressional 

21 committees an assessment of the human and finan22 cial resources necessary to fulfill the purposes of and 

23 carry out this Act. 

Æ 


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