III 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 101 

Supporting the goals of International Women’s Day. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 7, 2019 

Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. MURPHY, and Ms. BALDWIN) 

submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to 

RESOLUTION 

Supporting the goals of International Women’s Day. 

Whereas, as of March 2019, there are approximately 

3,700,000,000 women in the world; 

Whereas women and girls around the world— 

(1) have fundamental human rights; 

(2) play a critical role in providing and caring for 

their families; 

(3) contribute substantially to food security, economic growth, and the prevention and resolution of conflict; and 

(4) must be empowered to more fully participate in 

the political, social, and economic lives of their communities in order to accelerate the growth of healthier, more 

stable societies; 


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Whereas the advancement and empowerment of women and 

girls around the world is a foreign policy priority for the 

United States; 

Whereas the National Security Strategy of the United States, 

published in December 2017— 

(1) declares that ‘‘societies that empower women to 

participate fully in civic and economic life are more prosperous and peaceful’’; 

(2) supports ‘‘efforts to advance women’s equality, 

protect the rights of women and girls, and promote 

women and youth empowerment programs’’; and 

(3) recognizes that ‘‘governments that fail to treat 

women equally do not allow their societies to reach their 

potential’’; 

Whereas the United States National Action Plan on Women, 

Peace, and Security, revised in June 2016, states, 

‘‘Deadly conflicts can be more effectively avoided, and 

peace can be best forged and sustained, when women become equal partners in all aspects of peacebuilding and 

conflict prevention, when their lives are protected, their 

voices heard, and their perspectives taken into account.’’; 

Whereas there are 79 national action plans relating to the 

empowerment of women around the world, 11 regional 

action plans, and several additional national action plans 

known to be in development; 

Whereas the joint strategy of the Department of State and 

the United States Agency for International Development 

entitled ‘‘Department of State & USAID Joint Strategy 

on Countering Violent Extremism’’ and dated May 

2016— 


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(1) notes that women can play a critical role in identifying and addressing drivers of violent extremism in 

their families, communities, and broader society; and 

(2) commits to supporting programs that engage 

women ‘‘as key stakeholders in preventing and countering 

violent extremism in their communities’’; 

Whereas, according to the Bureau of International Narcotics 

and Law Enforcement Affairs of the Department of 

State, the full and meaningful participation of women in 

security forces vastly enhances the effectiveness of the security forces; 

Whereas, despite the contributions of women to society, hundreds of millions of women and girls around the world 

continue to be denied the right to participate freely in 

civic and economic life, lack fundamental legal protections, and are left vulnerable to exploitation and abuse; 

Whereas, every year, approximately 12,000,000 girls are married before they reach the age of 18, which means that— 

(1) nearly 33,000 girls are married every day; or 

(2) nearly 23 girls are married every minute; 

Whereas, according to the International Labour Organization, 71 percent of the estimated 40,300,000 victims of 

modern slavery in 2016 were women or girls, with girls 

representing 3 out of every 4 child trafficking victims; 

Whereas, according to UNICEF— 

(1) approximately 1⁄4 of girls between the ages of 15 

and 19 are victims of physical violence; 

(2) approximately 15,000,000 girls between the ages 

of 15 and 19 have experienced rape or other forced sexual acts; and 


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(3) an estimated 1 in 3 women around the world has 

experienced some form of physical or sexual violence; 

Whereas, according to the 2018 report of the United Nations 

Office on Drugs and Crime entitled ‘‘Global Report on 

Trafficking in Persons’’, 72 percent of all detected trafficking victims are women or girls; 

Whereas, on August 10, 2012, the United States Government 

launched a strategy entitled ‘‘United States Strategy to 

Prevent and Respond to Gender-Based Violence Globally’’, which is the first interagency strategy that— 

(1) addresses gender-based violence around the 

world; 

(2) advances the rights and status of women and 

girls; 

(3) promotes gender equality in United States foreign policy; and 

(4) works to bring about a world in which all individuals can pursue their aspirations without the threat of 

violence; 

Whereas, in June 2016, the Department of State released an 

update to that strategy, underscoring that ‘‘preventing 

and responding to gender-based violence is a cornerstone 

of the U.S. Government’s commitment to advancing 

human rights and promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls’’; 

Whereas, according to the United Nations Entity for Gender 

Equality and the Empowerment of Women (commonly referred to as ‘‘UN Women’’), peace negotiations are more 

likely to end in a peace agreement when women and 

women’s groups play a meaningful role in the negotiation 

process; 


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Whereas, according to a study by the International Peace Institute, a peace agreement is 35 percent more likely to 

last at least 15 years if women participate in the development of the peace agreement; 

Whereas, on October 6, 2017, the Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 2152j et seq.) was enacted 

into law, which includes requirements for a governmentwide ‘‘Women, Peace, and Security Strategy’’ to promote 

and strengthen women’s participation in peace negotiations and conflict prevention overseas, enhanced training 

for relevant United States Government personnel, and 

follow-up evaluations of the effectiveness of the strategy; 

Whereas, on October 25, 2018, Ambassador Jonathan Cohen, 

United States Deputy Permanent Representative to the 

United Nations, stated in the United Nations Security 

Council Annual Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security that— 

(1) ‘‘promoting women’s equal and meaningful inclusion and participation across efforts to restore security, 

promote democracy and good governance, and support 

economic development are not women’s issues; they are 

vital national security issues’’; 

(2) ‘‘our experience shows that women often have 

the best understanding of the needs of their communities’’; 

(3) ‘‘the United States believes strongly that countries with high rates of gender inequality are more likely 

to experience instability and deadly conflict . . . 

[m]eaningful participation of women at all levels of security work, including in uniform, can help counteract this 

worrying trend’’; 


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(4) ‘‘empowering women economically starts with ensuring girls have access to education . . . [g]irls suffer 

most when there are attacks on schools or when combatants misuse schools to support combatant operations’’; 

(5) ‘‘if we hope to prevent conflicts and build lasting 

peace, promote better governance, and advance sustainable economic growth, we must empower women as full 

and equal partners at every step’’; and 

(6) ‘‘women are half the population . . . [i]t’s only 

right that they be full participants in the discussions and 

decisions that shape our present and those that will 

shape our futures’’; 

Whereas, despite the achievements of individual female leaders— 

(1) women around the world remain vastly underrepresented in— 

(A) high-level positions; and 

(B) national and local legislatures and governments; and 

(2) according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 

women account for only 24.1 percent of national parliamentarians and 18.3 percent of government ministers; 

Whereas the ability of women and girls to realize their full 

potential is critical to the ability of a country to achieve 

strong and lasting economic growth, self-reliance, and political and social stability; 

Whereas, although the United Nations Millennium Project 

reached the goal of achieving gender parity in primary 

education in most countries in 2015, more work remains 

to be done to achieve gender equality in primary and secondary education, and particularly in secondary education 


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worldwide as gender gaps persist and widen, by addressing— 

(1) discriminatory practices; 

(2) cultural norms; 

(3) inadequate sanitation facilities; 

(4) child, early, and forced marriage; and 

(5) other factors that favor boys or devalue girls’ 

education; 

Whereas women around the world face a variety of constraints that severely limit their economic participation 

and productivity and remain underrepresented in the 

labor force; 

Whereas women’s economic empowerment is inextricably 

linked to a myriad of other human rights that are essential to the ability of women to thrive as economic actors, 

including— 

(1) living lives free of violence and exploitation; 

(2) achieving the highest possible standard of health 

and well-being; 

(3) enjoying full legal and human rights, such as access to registration, identification, and citizenship documents, and freedom of movement; 

(4) benefitting from formal and informal education; 

(5) benefitting from equal protection of and access 

to land and property rights; 

(6) receiving access to fundamental labor rights; 

(7) the implementation of policies to address disproportionate care burdens; and 

(8) receiving business and management skills and 

leadership opportunities; 


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Whereas closing the global gender gap in labor markets could 

increase worldwide gross domestic product by as much as 

$28,000,000,000,000 by 2025; 

Whereas, pursuant to section 3(b) of the Women’s Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–428), it is the international development cooperation policy of the United States— 

(1) to reduce gender disparities with respect to economic, social, political, educational, and cultural resources, wealth, opportunities, and services; 

(2) to strive to eliminate gender-based violence and 

mitigate its harmful effects on individuals and communities including through efforts to develop standards and 

capacity to reduce gender-based violence in the workplace 

and other places where women work; 

(3) to support activities that secure private property 

rights and land tenure for women in developing countries, 

including— 

(A) legal frameworks that give women equal 

rights to own, register, use, profit from, and inherit 

land and property; 

(B) improving legal literacy to enable women to 

exercise the rights described in subparagraph (A); 

and 

(C) improving the capacity of law enforcement 

and community leaders to enforce such rights; 

(4) to increase the capability of women and girls to 

fully exercise their rights, determine their life outcomes, 

assume leadership roles, and influence decision making in 

households, communities, and societies; and 

(5) to improve the access of women and girls to education, particularly higher education opportunities in 

business, finance, and management, in order to enhance 


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financial literacy and business development, management, 

and strategy skills; 

Whereas, according to the World Health Organization, global 

maternal mortality decreased by approximately 44 percent between 1990 and 2015, yet approximately 830 

women and girls continue to die from preventable causes 

relating to pregnancy or childbirth each day, and 99 percent of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries; 

Whereas the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reports that women and girls comprise approximately 1⁄2 of the 68,500,000 refugees and 

internally displaced or stateless individuals in the world; 

Whereas it is imperative— 

(1) to alleviate violence and discrimination against 

women and girls; and 

(2) to afford women every opportunity to be full and 

productive members of their communities; and 

Whereas March 8, 2019, is recognized as International Women’s Day, a global day— 

(1) to celebrate the economic, political, and social 

achievements of women in the past, present, and future; 

and 

(2) to recognize the obstacles that women face in the 

struggle for equal rights and opportunities: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) supports the goals of International Women’s 

3 Day; 


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1 (2) recognizes that the empowerment of women 

2 is inextricably linked to the potential of a country to 

3 generate— 

4 (A) economic growth; 

5 (B) sustainable democracy; and 

6 (C) inclusive security; 

7 (3) recognizes and honors individuals in the 

8 United States and around the world, including 

9 women human rights defenders and civil society 

10 leaders, who have worked throughout history to en11 sure that women are guaranteed equality and basic 

12 human rights; 

13 (4) recognizes the unique cultural, historical, 

14 and religious differences throughout the world and 

15 urges the United States Government to act with re16 spect and understanding toward legitimate dif17 ferences when promoting any policies; 

18 (5) reaffirms the commitment— 

19 (A) to end discrimination and violence 

20 against women and girls; 

21 (B) to ensure the safety, health, and wel22 fare of women and girls; 

23 (C) to pursue policies that guarantee the 

24 fundamental human rights of women and girls 

25 worldwide; and 


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1 (D) to promote meaningful and significant 

2 participation of women in every aspect of soci3 ety and community; 

4 (6) supports sustainable, measurable, and glob5 al development that seeks to achieve gender equality 

6 and the empowerment of women and girls; and 

7 (7) encourages the people of the United States 

8 to observe International Women’s Day with appro9 priate programs and activities. 

Æ 


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