3B-i

APPENDIX 3B. BATTERY CHARGER AND EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 

EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS 

Table of Contents 

3B.1 United States – ENERGY STAR for BC and ENERGY STAR Tier I (V1.1) and Tier II 

(V2.0) for EPS .......................................................................................................................... 3B-1

3B.1.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-1

3B.2 Australia and New Zealand – Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) ...... 3B-2

3B.2.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-3

3B.3 Canada – C381.1 for EPS and C381.2 for BC .............................................................. 3B-4

3B.3.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-4

3B.4 China – China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS) and China Standard 

Certification Center (CSC) Standards ....................................................................................... 3B-5

3B.4.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-5

3B.5 European Union—Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies, EU 

Standby Initiative ...................................................................................................................... 3B-6

3B.5.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-7

3B.6 European Union—Eco-design of Energy-using Products (EuP) Initiative, Directive 

2005/32/EC ............................................................................................................................... 3B-8

3B.6.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-8

3B.6.2 Future Standards ............................................................................................... 3B-8

3B.7 EU (Subset of Member Countries) Group for Energy Efficient Appliances ............. 3B-9

3B.7.1 Current Standards.............................................................................................. 3B-9

3B.8 European Union—GSM Association Universal Charging Solution ........................... 3B-10

3B.8.1 Future Standards ............................................................................................. 3B-10

3B.9 Israel – SI 4665.2 (AS/NZX 4665.2-2005) ................................................................. 3B-10

3B.9.1 Current Standards............................................................................................ 3B-11

3B.10 South Korea – Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) ............................ 3B-11

3B.10.1 Current Standards .......................................................................................... 3B-11

List of Tables 

TABLE 3B.1 U.S. ENERGY STAR TIER II FOR EPS ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND 

NO-LOAD POWER: STANDARD MODELS ........................................................................ 3B-1

TABLE 3B.2 U.S. ENERGY STAR TIER II FOR EPS ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND 

NO-LOAD POWER: LOW-VOLTAGE MODELS ................................................................ 3B-2

TABLE 3B.3 ENERGY STAR SPECIFICATIONS FOR BC MAXIMUM NONACTIVE 

ENERGY RATIO ..................................................................................................................... 3B-2

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TABLE 3B.4 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND MEPS LEVELS FOR EPS ACTIVE-MODE 

EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD POWER................................................................................ 3B-3

TABLE 3B.5 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND HIGH EFFICIENCY LEVEL IV FOR EPS 

ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD POWER ................................................... 3B-3

TABLE 3B.6 AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND HIGH EFFICIENCY LEVEL V FOR EPS 

ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD POWER ................................................... 3B-4

TABLE 3B.7 CSA STANDARD C381.1 FOR EPS ................................................................ 3B-5

TABLE 3B.8 CNIS MEPS FOR ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD POWER ...... 

................................................................................................................................................... 3B-6

TABLE 3B.9 CSC LEVELS FOR ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD POWER 

(SAME AS ENERGY STAR TIER 1) ..................................................................................... 3B-6

TABLE 3B.10 EU CODE OF CONDUCT VERSION 4 ACTIVE MODE STANDARDS FOR 

EPSS EXCLUDING LOW VOLTAGE ................................................................................... 3B-7

TABLE 3B.11 EU CODE OF CONDUCT VERSION 4 ACTIVE MODE STANDARDS FOR 

LOW VOLTAGE EPSS ........................................................................................................... 3B-7

TABLE 3B.12 EU CODE OF CONDUCT VERSION 4 NO-LOAD STANDARDS FOR EPSS 

EXCLUDING CELLULAR TELEPHONE ADAPTERS WITH NAMEPLATE OUTPUT 

POWER ≤ 8 WATTS ................................................................................................................ 3B-7

TABLE 3B.13 EU CODE OF CONDUCT VERSION 4 NO-LOAD STANDARDS FOR 

CELLULAR TELEPHONE ADAPTERS WITH NAMEPLATE OUTPUT POWER ≤ 8 

WATTS ..................................................................................................................................... 3B-7

TABLE 3B.14 EUP VERSION 1 LEVELS FOR EPS ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND 

NO-LOAD POWER ................................................................................................................. 3B-8

TABLE 3B.15 VERSION 2 LEVELS FOR EPS ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NOLOAD POWER ........................................................................................................................ 3B-9

TABLE 3B.16 GEEA LEVELS FOR EPS AND ―PORTABLE PERSONAL EQUIPMENT‖ 

ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD POWER ................................................. 3B-10

TABLE 3B.17 GSMA UNIVERSAL CHARGING SOLUTION NO-LOAD POWER 

CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................................... 3B-10

TABLE 3B.18 SI 4665.2 LEVELS FOR EPS ACTIVE-MODE EFFICIENCY AND NO-LOAD 

POWER................................................................................................................................... 3B-11

TABLE 3B.19 MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR WALL 

ADAPTERS WITH NO CHARGING FUNCTION .............................................................. 3B-12

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B.1 United States – ENERGY STAR for BC and ENERGY STAR Tier I (V1.1) and Tier 

II (V2.0) for EPS 

Revised U.S. ENERGY STAR levels became effective on November 1, 2008. These 

voluntary levels are stricter than V1.1 levels, and provide separate levels for standard vs. lowvoltage models and for AC/AC versus AC/DC models. 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 250 watts, and battery chargers for heat, light, and motion 

products with a 42-V limit and a 2-watt to 300-watt input limit. Notable exclusions to V1.1 are 

devices with detachable batteries, motor-operated devices, and medical devices. Notable 

exclusions to V2.0 are devices with batteries that attach directly. Exclusions to battery charger 

standards are inductive chargers and systems with additional functions. 

B.1.1 Current Standards 

Version: Tier II v2.0 for EPS 

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: November 1, 2008 

Table 3B.1 U.S. ENERGY STAR Tier II for EPS Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load 

Power: Standard Models 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.480 * Nameplate Output + 0.140

1 < W ≤ 49 0.0626 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.622 

49 < W 0.870

Nameplate Output Power 

Maximum No-Load 

Power 

Consumption 

AC/AC

Maximum No-Load 

Power 

Consumption

AC/DC

0 < W < 50

≤ 0.50 W

≤ 0.30 W

50 ≤ W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.50 W

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Table 3B.2 U.S. ENERGY STAR Tier II for EPS Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load 

Power: Low-Voltage Models 

Nameplate Output Power

Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

(Less than 6 Volts)

0 < W ≤ 1 0.497 * Nameplate Output + 0.067

1 < W ≤ 49 0.0750 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.561 

49 < W 0.86

Nameplate Output Power 

Maximum NoLoad Power 

Consumption 

AC/AC

Maximum NoLoad Power 

Consumption

AC/DC

0 < W < 50

≤ 0.50 W

≤ 0.30 W

50 ≤ W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.50 W

Version: ENERGY STAR for BC 

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: January 1, 2006 

Table 3B.3 ENERGY STAR Specifications for BC Maximum Nonactive Energy Ratio 

Nominal Battery Voltage 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0

Maximum Nonactive Energy Ratio 20.0 16.9 13.7 11.6 9.6 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.1 5.6

Nominal Battery Voltage 13.2 14.4 15.6 16.8 18.0 19.2 20.4 21.6 22.8 ≥ 24

Maximum Nonactive Energy Ratio 5.1 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.0

*Energy Ratio is a function of maintenance mode power and no-load power. 

B.2 Australia and New Zealand – Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) 

MEPS are administered by the Equipment Energy Efficiency Program, which is cofunded by the Australian and New Zealand Governments, as well as Australian state and territory 

governments. MEPS are mandatory. Voluntary, higher efficiency levels exist, which will become 

the new MEPS in the future. 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 250 watts. Notable exclusions are devices with batteries that attach 

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directly, replacements, and medical devices. No-load power requirements only apply to AC/DC 

power supplies. 

The MEPS program does not yet deal with battery chargers but they are currently under 

consideration. If specific MEPS are not introduced for battery chargers, the 1-watt standby 

proposal will apply. 

B.2.1 Current Standards 

Version: MEPS for EPS 

Compliance: Mandatory MEPS (Mark III), Voluntary High Efficiency (Mark IV and 

Mark V) 

Effective: Australia - December 1, 2008, New Zealand – April 1, 2009 

Table 3B.4 Australia/New Zealand MEPS Levels for EPS Active-Mode Efficiency and NoLoad Power 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.49 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 49 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.49 

49 < W ≤ 250 0.84

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W < 10 ≤ 0.50 W

10 ≤ W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.75 W

Table 3B.5 Australia/New Zealand High Efficiency Level IV for EPS Active-Mode 

Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.5 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 51 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.5 

51 < W ≤ 250 0.85

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.50 W

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Table 3B.6 Australia/New Zealand High Efficiency Level V for EPS Active-Mode 

Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate 

Output Power

Minimum Efficiency in 

Active Mode – Less than 6 

Volts

Minimum Efficiency in Active 

Mode – Greater than 6 Volts

0 < W ≤ 1 0.497 * Nameplate Output + 

0.067

0.480 * Nameplate Output + 

0.140

1 < W ≤ 51 0.0750 * Ln(Nameplate 

Output) + 0.561 

0.0626 * Ln(Nameplate Output) 

+ 0.622

51 < W ≤ 250 0.86 0.87

Nameplate 

Output Power 

Maximum NoLoad Power 

Consumption 

AC/AC

Maximum No-Load 

Power 

Consumption

AC/DC – Less than 

6 Volts

Maximum NoLoad Power 

Consumption

AC/DC – Greater 

than 6 Volts

0 < W ≤ 51

≤ 0.50 W

≤ 0.30 W ≤ 0.30 W

51 < W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.50 W No Maximum

B.3 Canada – C381.1 for EPS and C381.2 for BC 

The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is developing standards for external power 

supplies and battery chargers that are expected to become mandatory, which will require 

approval from Natural Resources Canada after the CSA has finalized the standards. The 

proposed specifications for EPSs follow EISA levels and scope. Canada is currently considering 

BC standards. 

B.3.1 Current Standards 

Version: Minimum Energy Performance Standards for EPSs 

Compliance: Mandatory 

Effective: EPS standard is delayed and awaiting comment from stakeholders. 

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Table 3B.7 CSA Standard C381.1 for EPS 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.5 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 51 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.5 

51 < W ≤ 250 0.85

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.50 W

B.4 China – China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS) and China Standard 

Certification Center (CSC) Standards 

Designed and administered by the China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS) and 

the China Standard Certification Center (CSC), Chinese standards for external power supplies 

include both mandatory minimum efficiency levels and voluntary high-efficiency levels. 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 250 watts. Notable exclusions to the CSC standards are devices 

with batteries that attach directly. Battery charger standards do not exist but plans to draft them 

are in place, with consideration of modes beyond no-load mode. 

B.4.1 Current Standards 

Version: CNIS levels 

Compliance: Mandatory 

Effective: Possibly 2010 

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Table 3B.8 CNIS MEPS for Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.39 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 49 0.107 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.39 

49 < W ≤ 250 0.82

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W < 10 ≤ 0.75 W

10 ≤ W ≤ 250 ≤ 1 W

Version: CSC levels 

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: May 2005 

Table 3B.9 CSC Levels for Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load Power (Same as 

ENERGY STAR Tier 1) 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W < 1 0.49 * Nameplate Output

1 ≤ W ≤ 49 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.49 

49 < W ≤ 250 0.84

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W < 10 ≤ 0.50 W

10 ≤ W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.75 W

B.5 European Union—Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies, EU 

Standby Initiative

Developed and administered by the European Commission Joint Research Centre, the EU 

Code of Conduct is a voluntary agreement. Signatories to the Code of Conduct, which include 

major manufacturers of external power supplies, agree to meet active-mode efficiency and noload power consumption targets for at least 90 percent of their product lines. 

Power converters covered under this standard include single-voltage ac-ac and ac-dc

EPSs and battery charger wall adapters with nameplate output power in the range 0.3 watts to 

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250 watts. Version 4 of the Code of Conduct includes a separate product class for cellular 

telephone EPSs, which is subject to different no-load standards. 

B.5.1 Current Standards 

Version: 4

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: January 1, 2009 

Table 3B.10 EU Code of Conduct Version 4 Active Mode Standards for EPSs Excluding 

Low Voltage 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode 

0 < W ≤ 1 0.48 * Pno + 0.140

1 < W ≤ 49 [0.0626 * ln(Pno)] + 0.622

49 < W ≤ 250 0.870

Table 3B.11 EU Code of Conduct Version 4 Active Mode Standards for Low Voltage EPSs 

Nameplate Output Power Maximum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.497 * Pno + 0.067

1 < W ≤ 49 [0.075 * ln(Pno)] + 0.561

Table 3B.12 EU Code of Conduct Version 4 No-Load Standards for EPSs Excluding 

Cellular Telephone Adapters with Nameplate Output Power ≤ 8 Watts

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

> 0.3 W and < 50 W 0.30 W

> 50 W and < 250 W 0.50 W

Table 3B.13 EU Code of Conduct Version 4 No-Load Standards for Cellular Telephone 

Adapters with Nameplate Output Power ≤ 8 Watts

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption 

> 0.3 W and < 8.0 W 0.25 W from 1.1.2009 to 31.12.2010

> 0.3 W and < 8.0 W 0.15 W from 1.1.2011

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B.6 European Union—Eco-design of Energy-using Products (EuP) Initiative, Directive 

2005/32/EC

Developed and administered by the European Commission, the Eco-design of EuP 

Initiative is a mandatory directive. When complete, the directive will provide EU-wide rules for 

eco-design so that differences in national regulations do not present barriers to intra-EU trade. 

Minimum energy-efficiency requirements are among the product characteristics being addressed, 

including MEPS for external power supplies. 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 250 watts. Though battery chargers are not addressed, there are 

tentative plans for BC standards of 1 watt in off mode, enforced in 2009, dropping to 0.5 watt by 

2011.

B.6.1 Current Standards 

Version: 1 

Compliance: Mandatory 

Effective: April 26, 2010 

Table 3B.14 EuP Version 1 Levels for EPS Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W < 1 0.5 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 51 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.50 

51 < W ≤ 250 0.85

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W < 250 0.50 W

B.6.2 Future Standards 

Version: 2 for EPS 

Compliance: Mandatory 

Effective: April 26, 2011 

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Table 3B.15 Version 2 Levels for EPS Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate 

Output Power

Minimum Efficiency in 

Active Mode – Less than 6 

Volts

Minimum Efficiency in Active 

Mode – Greater than 6 Volts

0 < W ≤ 1 0.497 * Nameplate Output + 

0.067

0.480 * Nameplate Output + 

0.140

1 < W ≤ 51 0.0750 * Ln(Nameplate 

Output) + 0.561 

0.0626 * Ln(Nameplate Output) 

+ 0.622 

51 < W ≤ 250 0.86 0.87

Nameplate 

Output Power 

Maximum NoLoad Power 

Consumption 

AC/AC

Maximum No-Load 

Power 

Consumption

AC/DC – Less than 

6 Volts

Maximum NoLoad Power 

Consumption

AC/DC – Greater 

than 6 Volts

0 < W ≤ 51

≤ 0.50 W

≤ 0.30 W ≤ 0.30 W

51 < W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.50 W No Maximum

B.7 EU (Subset of Member Countries) Group for Energy Efficient Appliances 

Developed by the Group for Energy Efficient Appliances, which includes government 

agencies and institutions from Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, 

France, and Austria, the GEEA standards are voluntary. The purpose of the GEEA, organized in 

1996, is to harmonize national regulations pertaining to electronics and home office equipment. 

Minimum energy-efficiency requirements are among the product characteristics GEEA 

addresses, including MEPS for external power supplies and battery chargers. 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 150 watts. In addition to EPS and BC, this standard applies to 

portable personal equipment, which is defined as ―equipment that is sold as part of a product 

with non-removable rechargeable batteries and is sold with the aim of recharging batteries.‖

B.7.1 Current Standards 

Version: N/A 

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: 2007 

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Table 3B.16 GEEA Levels for EPS and “Portable Personal Equipment” Active-Mode 

Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.49 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 49 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.50 

49 < W ≤ 150 0.84

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power 

Consumption*

0 < W < 150 0.30 W

* Includes Battery Chargers 

B.8 European Union—GSM Association Universal Charging Solution 

The Universal Charging Solution is a voluntary agreement between mobile phone 

manufacturers and service providers to standardize battery chargers for mobile phones, adopt 

Micro-USB chargers, and limit no-load energy consumption to 0.15 W. The EPS must meet EU 

directive 278/2009 and comply with USB-IF Battery Charging Specifications 1.1. The first 

compliant chargers will be available in 2010, and the standard is expected to be widely adopted 

by 2012. 

B.8.1 Future Standards 

Version: N/A 

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: January 1, 2012 

Table 3B.17 GSMA Universal Charging Solution No-Load Power Consumption 

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption 

> 0.3 W and < 8.0 W 0.15 W

B.9 Israel – SI 4665.2 (AS/NZX 4665.2-2005) 

Administered by the Standards Institution of Israel (SII), the SI 4665.2 standards are a 

Hebrew translation of the AS/NZX 4665.2-2005 standards developed by Australia. These 

voluntary standards apply to external power supplies only. 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 250 watts. Notable exclusions are devices with batteries that attach 

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directly, replacements, and medical devices. The scope and test procedures are identical to those 

in the Australian standards (i.e., EPA EPS). 

B.9.1 Current Standards 

Version: SI 4665.2 

Compliance: Voluntary 

Effective: December 2007 

Table 3B.18 SI 4665.2 Levels for EPS Active-Mode Efficiency and No-Load Power 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.49 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 49 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.49 

49 < W ≤ 250 0.84

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W < 10 ≤ 0.50 W

10 ≤ W ≤ 250 ≤ 0.75 W

B.10 South Korea – Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) 

Power converters covered under this standard include all single-voltage EPSs with 

nameplate output power up to 150 watts and cellular telephone chargers. Notable exclusions are 

EPSs with charge circuitry. 

South Korea’s MEPS program for EPSs, developed by the Ministry of Commerce, 

Industry, and Energy (MOCIE) and Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO) is being 

implemented in three phases, with the ultimate goal of reducing standby power of all electronic 

products below 1W. Phase one of this program (2005-2007) was a voluntary limit on efficiency. 

Currently in effect is phase two, which set mandatory standards for EPSs up to 150 watts (active 

mode and no-load power consumption) and lithium-ion BCs (no-load power consumption). 

Phase three will apply to those products not yet covered under the mandatory program. 

B.10.1 Current Standards 

Version: N/A 

Compliance: Mandatory 

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Effective: January 1, 2009 for EPS 

Table 3B.19 Minimum Energy Performance Standards for wall adapters with no charging 

function 

Nameplate Output Power Minimum Efficiency in Active Mode

0 < W ≤ 1 0.49 * Nameplate Output

1 < W ≤ 49 0.09 * Ln(Nameplate Output) + 0.49 

49 < W ≤ 150 0.84

Nameplate Output Power Maximum No-Load Power Consumption

0 < W ≤ 10 ≤ 0.50 W

10 < W ≤ 150 ≤ 0.75 W

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