1

NOMINATING PARTY : The United States of America

DRAFT DATE: July 1 4 , 2011

FILE NAME: USA CUE13 MBTOC REPL IES 07

- 2011 RESEARCH

BRIEF DESCRIPTIVE TI TLE : Methyl Bromide Critical Use Nomination for Research for 2012 and 2013, U.S. Replies to MBTOC
Report ( TEAP 2011 Progress Report

- Volume 1

- May 2011 ) (Submitted in 2011 for 2012 and 2013
Use Season)

CROP NAME (OPEN FIEL D OR PROTECTED): Cucurbits, Eggplants, Strawberry

, Tomatoes, Peppers, Ornamentals, Nursery and Propagative Material, Orchard Replanting, Soil Fumigation

– Emissions Reduction, Post

- Harvest Commodities, Cured Pork Products

Table 1. Quantity of Methyl Bromide Nominated

Year N OMINATION A MOUNT

2012 2,576 kg

2013 2,546 kg

NOMINATING PARTY CONTACT DETAILS:

Contact Person: Federico Sa n Martini, Ph.D.

Title: Policy Advisor

Address: Office of Environmental Policy U.S. Department of State
2201 C Street, N.W. Room 2658 Washington, D.C. 20520 U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 647

- 3819

Fax: (202) 647

- 1052

E

- mail: SanMartiniFM@state.gov

CONTACT OR EXPERT(S) FOR FURTHER TECHNICAL DETAILS:

Contact/Expert Person: Teung Chin, Ph.D.

Title: Biological Scientist

Address: Office of Pest Management Policy Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Ag riculture 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Mailstop

- 0314 Washington, D.C. 20250 U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 222

- 8619

E

- mail: Teung.F.Chin@usda.gov2

METHYL BROMIDE CRITICAL USE RENOMINATION FOR METHYL BROMIDE FOR

RESEARCH

1. SUMMARY OF THE NEED FOR METHYL BROMIDE AS A CRITICAL USE With this submission, t he U.S

. Government is responding to the request in the TEAP Progress Report May 2011, Volume 1 for additional information on methyl bromide alternative rese arch projects requiring methyl

bromide. The U nited S tates has a robust research program for methyl bromide alternatives. Our researchers and

others world

- wide present the results of their findings at the Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions

. C ontinued research by the U nited S tates on
alternatives will benefit researchers world

- wide.

The CUN for 2012 and 2013 will allow researchers to include a methyl bromide standard in their test trials/plots for statistical comparison against the alternative fumigant and to test emissions reductions methodologies. The USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture’s methyl bromide alternatives research grant program currently require s that methyl bromide be included in its research projects. This requirement not only has research utility but also gains grower acceptance of the test results. While some researchers have not yet been able to finalize specific research plans for a number of reasons, including fun ding and a need to secure a project site, more project details are provided as available in this nomination

.

Based on the additional information on research projects obtained, the United States is with this nomination adjusting its Critical Use Nominati on for methyl bromide for research. E arlier this year, the

U nited S tates had nominated 7.445 mt for use in 2012 and 7.537 mt for use in 2013, . T he U nited S tates is now nominating 2.576 mt for use in 2012 and 2

. 546 mt for use in 2013. Below is a table sum marizing

the nomination for methyl bromide needed for research purposes. (See Table 2)

TABLE 2 . Amount of Methyl Bromide Requested (kilograms) for Research. (Revised July 2011)

SECTOR 2012 Request
(kgs) 2013 Request

(kgs)

POST HARVEST Cured Pork Produ cts 45 45

Low emission development and post

- harvest
commodity applications 114 114

SOILS

– Fruits
and Vegetables Eggplant 20 20

Pepper 135 154

Tomato 203 154
Strawberry fruit 16 16

SOILS

– Nursery
and Propagative

Material Fruit, Nuts, Flower s Nurseries (Fruits, nuts, trees,

grapes, garden rose) 311 311

Orchard replanting (almonds, grapes, stone fruit) 311 311
Strawberry nurseries 681 681

Ornamentals 356 356

SOILS

– Emissions Soil Fumigation

– emissions reduction 384 384



### TOTAL REQU EST (kg ) 2,576 2,5463

1. POST HARVEST COMMODITIES Project: Postharvest I nsect C ontrol with M ethyl

B romide a nd Alternative F umigants. Investigator(s): USDA ARS, Spencer Walse Project Description: This research generally umbrellas the effort of USDA

- ARS to develop postharvest fumigations as phytosanitary treatments for insect control in all U.S. grown commodities. Specific research objectives include the comparative evaluation of the insecticidal efficacy of alternative fumigants to methyl bromide in po stharvest applications and the design of postharvest control strategies that reduce postharvest use of methyl bromide and alternative fumigants.
Location(s): California

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :

2012

– 34 kg

2013

– 34 kg Crop: All post

- harvest commodities

Acres: N / A Pest(s): Stored product and quarantine insect pests Regulation: Domestic and international phytosanitary regulation

2. POST HARVEST COMMODITIES Project: Development of Low

- Emission P ostharvest

F umigations Lead Investigator(s): USDA ARS, Spencer Walse Project Description: Important features of the proposed research include: the comparative evaluation of contemporary containment and reuse methods with methyl bromide (MB) versus registered alternative fumigants (i.e. phosphine, ozone, sulfuryl fluoride, propylene oxide), the development of novel technologies to reduce and eliminate atmospheric emissions of fumigants, the utilization of an experimental scale

- up approach that begins in laboratory chambers and culminates in commercial chambers with commodity

- specific industry input, and an economic cost analysis of promising technologies including, but not limited to, those applicable to stored product and postharvest scenarios.

Loca tion(s): California

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :

2012

- 80 kg

2013

– 80 kg Crop(s) : All post harvest commodities

Acres: N / A Pest(s): Stored product and quarantine insect pests Regulation: US and Cali fornia regulation on emissions reduction is pending

3. CURED PORK PRODUCTS No additional information was requested by MBTOC for this research project Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :

2012

- 45 kg.

201 3

– 45 kg.

4. TO MATO, PEPPER , AND EGGPLANT Project: Evaluation of TIF Plastic Mulches for Use

in E ggplants, Tomato, and P epper Lead Investigator(s): University of Florida

- Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Andrew

MacRae4

Project Description: Evaluation of several TIF for mulations for use in eggplant, tomato, and pepper. Studies are targeted to determine the rates of methyl bromide alternatives that are required to achieve equivalent efficacy on soil borne pests as methyl bromide 67:33 at 175lbs/A. The studies are target ed to also determine the lowest rate possible of methyl bromide alternatives to help mitigate the buffer zone distances that are sure to reduce the total production area in central Florida. Location(s): University of Florida

– GCREC, Balm, FL

Research A mount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 20 kg peppers

, 20 kg tomatoes

, 20 kg eggplants

2013

– 20 kg peppers

, 20 kg tomatoes

, 20 kg eggplants Crop: tomatoes, peppers, eggplant

Acres: 0.75 tomatoes, 0.75 peppers acres , 0.75 acres eggplants

Pe st(s): purple nutsedge, annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, soil borne disease, rootknot and sting

nematode Regulation: N/A

5. TOMATO AND PEPPER Project: Anaerobic S oil Disinfestations (ASD) as a Non

- Chemical

Alternative to M ethyl B romide Lead Investigator (s): USDA ARS Erin Rosskopf Project Description: Efficacy of a non

- chemical alternative to methyl bromide. Two trials (0.4 acres
each) in 2012 and two trials (0.4 acres each) and two trials (0.5 acres each) in 2013 at 250 lb of 67:33

MB:Pic in 2012 and 45 0 lb of 67:33 MB:Pic in 2013 Location(s): Florida

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested : 2012

- 56.7 kg each for tomatoes and peppers

2013

- 75.9 kg each for tomatoes and peppers Crop: Tomatoes and peppers Acres: 2012

- 0.4 acres each for tomatoes and peppers; 2013

- 0.9 acres each for tomatoes and peppers Pest(s): weeds, fungal plant pathogens, and nematodes Regulation: N/A

6. TOMATO AND PEPPER Project: Efficacy of Compound ASI

- 261

L ead Investigator(s): USDA ARS Erin Rosskopf Project Descrip tion: Efficacy Compound ASI

- 261, a nonvolatile compound which is drip a ppli ed to

p rotect workers. Two trials each (0.4 acres each) in 2012 and 2013 . 250 lb of 67:33 on 0.4 acres Location(s): Florida

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested : 2012

- 38 kg each of tomatoes and peppers

2013

– 38 kg each of tomatoes and peppers Crop: tomatoes and peppers

Acres: 2012

- 0.4 acres each tomatoes and peppers; 2013

- 0.4 acres each tomatoes and peppers Pest(s): weeds, fungal plant pathogens, and nemato des Regulation: N/A

7. TOMATO AND PEPPER Project : Long Term Sustainability of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in a Double Crop S ystem Lead Investigator(s): University of Florida

- Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Andrew

MacRae5

Project Description: Eva luation of full fumigant systems for sustainability over a five year period from time of establishment. Large plot evaluations of efficacy on weeds, disease, and nematodes also including economical analysis of the treatments. Location(s): University of Florida

– GCREC, Balm, FL

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 20 kg tomatoes, 20 kg peppers

2013

– 20 kg tomatoes, 20 kg peppers Crop: tomatoes, peppers

Acres: 0.75 acres tomatoes, 0.75 acres peppers Pest(s): purple nutsedge, annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, soil borne disease, rootknot nematode Regulation: N/A

8. TOMATO Project: Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Tomatoes Lead Investigator(s): North Florida Research and Education Center

, Stephen M. Olson Project Description: MB 98:2 primarily for a grafting project. Could include efficacy of different

rates of DMDS under diff erent types of mulches esp. TIF if a grant is approved
Location(s): Florida

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 68 kg tomatoes

2013

– none needed, retiring Crop: tomatoes

Acres: 2012

– 0.5 acres for tomatoes Pest(s): weeds and nematodes Regulation: N/A

9. STRAWBERRY FRUIT Project: Methyl B romide Alternatives for Strawberries Lead Investigator(s): UC Davis, Steve Fennimore Project Des cription: Work on fumigant and nonfumigant alternatives. Five trials. MB is needed as a reference standard for grower outreach and for publication reference standards as much as the need for

an untreated control. Location(s): Salinas and Watsonville, C alifornia

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

– 16 kg

2013

– 16 kg Crop: strawberries

Acres: 0.1 acres Pest(s): verticillium wilt and weeds Regulation: N/A

10. STRAWBERRY NURSERY Project: Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Strawberry Nursery

Stock Lead Investigator(s): UC Davis, Becky Westerdahl Project Description: Field trials to provide data on efficacy of iodomethane relative to methyl bromide, to obtain approval for use of iodomethane for use in treatments for certification of strawber ry6

nursery stock in California. Each of 6 total trials will have 1 methyl bromide treatment with 4 replications per treatment. Randomized complete block design. Each trial will require 227 kg (500 pounds) of methyl bromide. Methyl iodide will be per the ce rtified nursery rate at a 300 lb/ac or 400 lb/ac rate depending on soil type. 33:67 Pic:MB Location(s): typical strawberry nursery growing areas of California. High elevation nurseries are typically in Modoc, Siskiyou, Shasta and Lassen counties. Low elev ation nurseries are typically in the San Joaquin Valley (e.g. San Joaquin and nearby counties). Trial location is dependent on the field having a resident population of Meloidogyne hapl.

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 681 kg

201 3

– 681 kg Crop: strawberry nursery stock

Acres: 5 acres total per trial. Each trial consists of 6 treatments, one of which is methyl bromide. Pest(s): Meloidogyne hapla (Northern root

- knot nematode) Regulation: “In accordance with the Regulations for t he Nursery Stock Nematode Control Program, California Code of Regulations (CCR) Sections 3055 to 3055.6 and Section 3640, the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) hereby specifies soil treatment and handling procedures
which, when verified and documented, are approved to ensure nematode cleanliness of both field and container grown nursery stock. Section 3640, CCR, makes it mandatory that nursery stock for farm planting be commercially clean with respect to economically important nematodes.” (From: CDFA
NIPM Item #7)

11. NURSERY STOCK Project: Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Perennial N urseries Lead Investigator(s): UC Davis, Brad Hanson Project Description: targets plant parasitic nematodes due to nursery certification requirements.
Nursery s tock growth data and yield effects from weed control and fungal pathogens will also be collected. Alternatives are not set in stone but are likely to include:
1,3

- dichloropropene, Chloropicrin, Iodomethane, Metam sodium alone and in various combinations an d application techniques and surface sealing tactics

. Two field sites each year, 1 acre each, 350 lb/A

MeBr 98:2 Location(s): California

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 311.1 kg

2013

– 311.1 kg Crop: perennial nurseries (tree, gr ape, garden rose)

Acres : 2012

- Two acres; 2013

- Two acres Pest(s): parasitic nematodes Regulation: California Code of Regulations (CCR) Sections 3055 through 3055.6, and 3640 which state, in part, that “Nursery stock for commercial farm planting must me et the requirements of the Nursery Stock Nematode Certification program to assure freedom from plant parasitic nematodes.”

This is summarized here: http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/pe/Nurse ry/pdfs/nipm1.pdf The approved

treatment list is here: http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/pe/Nursery/pdfs/NIPM_7.pdf and the entire Nursery Inspection Procedures Manual (NIPM) is here: http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/pe/Nursery/NIPM.html7

12. ORCHARD REPLANT Project: Methyl B r omide Alternatives for Orchard R eplanting Lead Investigator(s): UC Davis, Brad Hanson Project Descripti on: Alternatives not fully determined but likely to include: 1,3

- dichloropropene Chloropicrin, Iodomethane, Metam sodium alone and in various combinations. Application techniques and surface sealing tactics will also be evaluated. 2 acres, 350 lb/A 98:2 ; Two field sites each year, 1

acre each Location(s): California

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 311.1 kg

2013

- 311.1 kg Crop: orchard replanting (almond, grapes, stone fruit).

Acres: 2012

- 2 acres 2013

– 2 acres

- 2013 Pest( s): replant disease complex which can include nematodes, Pythium, phytophthora, and other pathogens. Regulation: N/A

13. ORNAMENTALS Project: Anaerobic S oil D isinfestations (ASD) as a N on

- Chemical Alternative to Methyl B romide Lead Investigator(s): USDA AR S Erin Rosskopf Project Description: Efficacy of a non

- chemical alternative to methyl bromide. Two trials. 425 lb/A of

98:2 formulation on 0.25 acres Location(s): Florida

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

– 47.2 kg

2013

– 47.2 kg Crop : Cut Flowers

Acres: 2012

- 0.25 acres 2013

- 0.25 acres Pest(s): nematodes, weeds, and fungal plant pathogens Regulation: N/A

14. ORNAMENTALS P roject: Anaerobic S oil D isinfestations (ASD) as a Non

- Chemical

Alternative to M ethyl B romide Lead Investigato r(s): USDA ARS Erin Rosskopf Project Description: Efficacy of a non

- chemical alternative to methyl bromide. Two trials, two acres each in 2012 and again in 2013. MB rate = 425 lb/A of 80:20 formulation Location(s): Florida

Research Amount of CUE MB Reque sted : 2012

– 308.4 kg

2013

– 308.4 kg Crop: Caladiums

Acres: 2012

– 2 acres 2013

- 2 acres Pest(s): nematodes, fungal plant pathogens, and weeds Regulation: Two acre experiments are QPS8

15. SOILS

- EMISSIONS Project: Methods of Minimizing Emissi ons from Preplant Soil Fumigation Lead Investigator(s): USDA Agricultural Research Service; Suduan Gao, James Gerik, Dong Wang Project Description: Efficacy tests for MeBr alternatives (e.g., Telone C35 ) applied with reduced rates under low permeab ility tarp. 0.25 acres in one trial or one application (45 kg) in spring and two trials in fall at 300 or 400 lb/ac rate. An experimental site has yet to be identified for “grape/almond/peach or perennial nursery crops”.
Location(s): central valley and coa stal regions of California

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested : 2012

- 45 kg grape/almond/peach or perennial nursery crops; 90 kg ornamentals

2013

- 45 kg grape/almond/peach or perennial nursery crops; 90 kg ornamentals Crop: gra

pe/almond/peach or perennial nursery crops, and ornamental crops

Acres: 2012

- 0.25 acres grape/almond/peach or perennial nursery crops, 0.5 acres ornamental crops

2013

– 0.25 acres grape/almond/peach or perennial nursery crops, 0.5 acres ornamental cr ops Pest(s): Nematodes, fungal pathogens and weeds Regulation: for nursery crops: CDFA Nursery Manual

– NIPM 7

16. SOILS

- EMISSIONS Project: Chloropicrin and Methyl Bromide Emissions Reduction and Efficacy Using Totally Impenetrable Film Lead Investigato r(s): UC Davis, Husein Ajwa Project Description: One 5 acre flux study in Monterey in 2012 and the same in Ventura in 2013 at
200 lb/ac. (50:50 MB:Pic). Two efficacy studies Ventura in 2012 and Monterey in 2013) on 1⁄2 acres at
200 lb/ac (50:50). New TI F will be used. Location(s): Ventura and Monterey County, California

Research Amount of CUE MB Requested :
2012

- 249.3 kg

2013

- 249.3 kg Crop: Strawberries

Acres: 2012

- 5.5 acres

2013

– 5.5 acres Pest(s): n/a Regulation: N/A

Not e: Flux studies will repeat the Bakerfield studies http://mbao.org/2009/Proceedings/008NtowWMBAO2009RevisedAbstract.pdf