DMPABTMENT OP THE INTEE1OK

BULLETIN

OF THE

UNITED STATES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

No. 136

WAS HOG TON

/r PlllN TINCr OFFICE 

'1395

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CMAKLES D. AVALCOTT, DIKECTOlt

MINERALOGICAL LEXICON

OF

FRANKLIN, HAMPSHIRE, AND HAMPDEN COUNTIES 

MASSACHUSETTS

BENJAMIN KENDALL EMEKSON

WASHINGTON

G 0 V E li N M E N T PRINTING- O F F I C E 

1805

CONT E NTS.

Page. 

Letter of tran smi tt.il........................;.............................. 7

Introduction................................................................ 9

Lexicon .................................................................... 11

LLUSTRATIONS

PL. I. A. Psendomorpli in calcite of skeleton crystals of salt ................. 146

B. Central section of above salt psendomorphs ....................... 146

C. Section of corner of the same cubical crystals, showing feathery

outgrowth ...................................................... 146

D. Hampshirite; pseudomorph of serpentine after .olivine ............. 146

FiG. 1. Garnet, with quartz iuclosures........................................ 85

2. Prehnite; cross-section of twins..................................... 125

3. Prebu ite; cross-section of twins..................................... 127

'1. Section of salt pseudoinorpb......................................... 147

5. Bent and faulted crystals of spodniuene.............................. 159

LETTER OE TRANSMITTAL.

AMHERST, MASS., December 20, 1894.

SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith, for publication as a 

bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, a inineralogical lexicon of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties, Mass. This lexicon was prepared to accompany a monograph on the geology of this 

area, but it has seemed desirable to present it for separate publication. 

Very respectfully,

BEN. K. EMEIISON.. 

Hon. C. D. WALCOTT,

JHrcctor United States Geological

A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON OF FRANKLIN, HAMPSHIRE, AND HAMPDEN COUNTIES, MASS.

By B. K. EMERSON.

INTRODUCTION.

The purpose of this bulletin is to give a condensed history of each 

mineral species occurring within the area of the three river counties in 

Massachusetts. Each citation from the original documents is placed 

in its proper chronological order under the present name of the mineral to which it refers, and the minerals are arranged alphabetically. 

In all important cases synonyms, incorrect references, and pseudoinorphs are entered in their alphabetical places with cross references 

to the places where they belong and are fully discussed. When citations are given verbatim, they are inclosed within quotation marks, and 

when corrections or additions are made to a citation by the author 

they are inclosed in parentheses. Descriptions, analyses, and remarks 

unquoted are by the author. In several cases of special interest pseudomorphs, especially those containing several minerals, are entered 

separately under the'names by which they have been described as 

harapshirite,.cymatolite. Where the mineral was first discovered in 

this region the author's name is placed in parentheses after the name 

of the mineral.

The work was prepared as a chapter of a forthcoming monograph 

upon the geology of the three river counties, but became so large that 

it seemed best to publish it separately. For this reason many minerals, especially those of lithologlcal interest, are fully discussed in the 

monograph, and only that portion of their history which is of special 

miueralogical importance is detailed here.

It has been my purpose to bring out fully the work of the pioneers, 

and I had added to the monograph a chapter on the history of geological and mineralogical discovery in the valley, which might almost as 

well have found place here, since the early studies were in the main 

mineralogical.

Special attention has been given to the genesis, par-agenesis, exact 

locality, and geological position of each occurrence.

9
10 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON.

In the following table the full column of the geological formations 

present in the area is given as established in the monograph. 

All the minerals are referred to their proper place in this column.

Synonym*.

I'LEI.STOCKNK.

Terrace gravels, sands, awl clays. 

.Champlain clays. 

Glacial bowlder-clays.

Equivalents along the 

eastern border of the 

area find in AVorcester 

County.

TRIASSIC.

The Suf/ar Loaf arko*e, or feldspathitf 

sandstone.

The Mount Toby conglomerate.

The Lonij Meadow brownslone, or 

fncoidal sandstone.

The Granl)!i tuff, or diabase ash beds.

The Holi/oke and Deer field diabase beds, 

or tlie trap.

Jiernurdston series.

1. Mica-schist and gneiss.

2. Amphibolite.

3. Quartzite, with limestone beds 

carrying fossils.

Clay-slate.

Calciferons micaschist.

* Spangled slates 

(Hitchcock). r

Talcose slates, or < 

talcoid slates.

Hydro m i ca-soh i sis 

(Dana).

SILURIAN.

Conway schist, with beds of 

stone and amphibolite. [

Goshen schist, with bods of quartz- | Brim field fibrolite 

ite. j schist.

Jlawley schist, with beds of amphibolite and iron ores.

Sanoy schist, with beds of amphibolite.

Chester amphibolite, with beds of v Hardwick 

saxonite, serpentine, steatite, 

emery, and magnetite.

Rowe schist, with amphibolite beds.

Hoosac schist (npper part). j

CAMBRIAN.

Hoosac schist (loAver part). 

Jiedfct gneiss.

I'RK-CAMHRIAN.

Washington gneiss. 

Lee gneiss. 

Hinsdale. limestone.

and Paxton quart/ 

schist.

Monson and Pelham gneiss.
LEXICON.

AOMITE. 

1841. Acmite. Chester. See Tourmaline.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., 1841, p. 614.

ACTINOLITE.

See Amphibole.

AGLAITE. 

1877. Aglaite. (Julien.) Chesterfield.

A. A. Julien: Synonym of cyrnatolite; a pseudomorph after spo'liMiieiie. 

See ALHITK, 1877. (Name-never used.)

ALBITE. 

1817. Kieselspath. Chesterfield.

G. F. L. Hansmann : Gottinger Gelehrte Anzeigen, p. 1401.

1819. Siliceous feldspar. Chesterfield, Gosheu.

"When I first examined this rock, soon after its discovery by Dr. Hunt 

in Northampton, I determined the feldspar to be a new variety, which 

has since been confirmed by Professor Hausinann, and now ranks us a new 

subspecies, under the name of siliceous feldspar." A full and accurate 

description of the mineral follows:

An analysis of Stronieyer is given :

Si 0, ............................. 4 .....:.;.......... 70. 08

A14 0:, ..'........................ ..................:.. 19.80

NaO................................................ 9.00

CaO \

FeO > ..,..............,......................:..... .38

99.91 

On theTourmailines,etc.; (r.fUbbs: AMI. Jour. Sci., 1st series,Vol. J, p. 346.

1820. Siliceous spar.

"Soon after Dr. Hunt discovered this mineral, Colonel Gibbs pronounced it a new one." 

A. Eaton: Index, p. 121.

- 11
12 A MINERALOG1CAL LEXICON. [BULL. 120.

1821. Kieselspath. Chesterfield.

Analyzed at request of Hausmann:

SiO.. .................'.............................. 70. 68

ALO, ............................................... 19.80

NaO ................................................ 9.'06

CaO ................................................ .23

FeO (MuO) ......................................... .11

99. 88

The analysis cited above by Gibbs is also given. 

M. Stronieyer : Chemische Untersuchungcn, Gottingen, p. 307.

1823. Siliceous feldspar. (Gibbs.) Chesterfield.

"Also at Goshen a new variety. discovered by Dr. Hunt." 

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Connecticut Eiver, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 221.

1823. Cleavelandite. (H. J.' Brooke.) Chesterfield.

Brooke : Annals Philos., Part IJ, Vol. V, p. 381.

1824. Kieselspath. Chesterfield.

Stromeyer's analysis quoted. "It is plain that this mineral is a species 

of feldspar with a base of soda." 

Editor's note : Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 370.

1824. Siliceous feldspar. Chester, Chesterfield.

"Bluish white, laminae often curved, and sometimes of a stellular form. 

Abundant at Chester (Emmons). It is probably in the same bed as that 

at Chesterfield."

C. Dewey : Geol. and Min. of part of Massachusetts; Am. Jour. Sci., 

1st series, Vol. VIIT, p. 43.

1824. Albite. Chesterfield, Chester.

"The siliceous feldspar of Chesterlieid passes into a granular variety 

almost exactly resembling the albite of Sweden. In Chester it is iiue and 

coarse granular."

(J. Dewey: Loc. cit., p. 43.

1835. Feldspar (Albite?). Middlefield.

" In loose masses lining small cavities in a rock made up of hornblende, 

augite, and masses of feldspar." 

C. U. Shepard : Min. Vol. II, Part I, p. 203!

183G. Albite. Chesterfield. 

. Analysis by Laurent and Holms: ' »

SiO, .'.........................,..................... 08.4

AL,0:! . ............................................... 20.8

CaO 

NaO

100.0 

Ann. deChimie,Vol. LX, p. 331; Am. .Jour. Sci., 1st series,Vol. XXX, p. 381.

1841. Albite. Goshen, Chesterfield, Norwich, New Salem.

Goshen, Chesterfield, foliated and granular; Norwich, foliated and lightblue; New Salem, white foliated; also Chester. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 703.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 13

1844. Albite. (Spatum triclinatum.) Chesterfield. Gosheu (cleavelaudite).

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min. p.352.

1882. Albite. Greeufield.

Iu the cavities in the amygdaloid, from the shores of the Connecticut, 

opposite Turners Falls, which are often only partly filled with the vermiform diahantite, and out of which the latter may he shaken as a deep-green 

powder, there occur ininnte crystals loosely seated upon the diabautite, or 

in the powder shaken out from the cavities and scarcely attached at all. 

They are 0.005-0.01 mm. in diameter, transparent, perfectly fresh crystals, 

twinned in accordance with the alhite law. They are combinations of 

the form GO I1 <x>, "i P, GO P 3, oo P 3, cx> /", oo '/', oo /' co, 2 ./' oo, flattened 

by the large development of ao P oo and much elongated in the direction 

of the axis a, by one end of which they are uniformly attached. Examined 

with the polarizing microscope the line of extinction on the face 0 P makes 

with the edge 0 /' A oo P oo an angle of -f-4- to -f-4 l) 30'. When lying upon 

the face oo / ' oo the minute twins gave varying results.

When placed in a delicately graduated Thoulet's fluid, so prepared that 

orthoclase will rest near the surface and labradorite near the bottom, the 

crystals found the exact level of fragments of transparent albite from 

Haddam, sp. gr. 2.62, and remained attached to them as if they were so 

delicately freed from outward attraction that they gravitated toward one 

another. Some of the crystals having diabaiitite adherent to them sank 

to the level of quartz, sp. gr. 2.64, but all were separated by a broad interval from the other triclinic feldspars. The position of these crystals is 

interesting from a paragenetic point of view. The cavities are tapestried 

on all sides by the diabantite and the albite crystals rest upon it, often 

very loosely, and while forming they projected freely into the interior, as 

is shown by their glassy clearness and perfection of form and polish. The 

last of the diabantite seems sometimes to fill the cavities into which the 

albites project, but this could not be ascertained with certainty. As the 

albite probably demands elevated temperature and increased pressure for 

its formation, the diabantite upon which it rests must be assigned to the 

time following immediately the consolidation of the lava, while its heat 

still intensified the chemical activity of the water it contained.

B. K. Emerson: The Deeriield dyke audits Minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d 

series, Vol. XXXIV, p. 201.

1882. Cleavelandite. Chesterfield, G-oshen, Nortlifield.

Still occurs iu greatest abundance and beauty at Clarks Ledge, in Chesterfield; also at the spodumoue locality at West Chesterfield Hollow, and 

at the colored tourmaline locality at the Barras farm, iu Gosheu, and at a 

new locality on the top of Strowbridge Hill, in Northfield. This is a mile 

south of the spodumene locality in the farmyard of Mr. M. A. Browne, iu the 

southwest corner of Winchester, N. IT., and is apparently in the prolongation of the same pegmatite dike.

1885. Cleavelandite. Hunting-ton.

Iu blasting for spodumene fine specimens were obtained on Norwich Hill, 

though not abundantly, with the spoduuieue, but I found no colored tourmalines with it, although the black tourmaline occurs iu large masses.

1885. Albite. South Hartley.

From diabase on road north from Moodys Corners, South Hartley. 

Crystals, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick, 0, oo P x>, oo'/", twinned 

parallel to oo /' do and elongate parallel to a; slice cut parallel to oo /' 5b 

(M) gave extinction -j-20°.
14 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1886. Albite. Northampton.

Iu veins in the granite lit si quarry south of W. N. Moore's east of Florence, as hollow incrustations pseudomorphs after lauvnouite. The hollow 

forms show on both outside and inside fine drnsy surfaces of fresh, limpid, 

much-twinned crystals. Extinction oil M 18° 45' 19°. (This pseudomorph has been cited only from Scotland by J. R. Blum: Dritter, Nacht. 

zu. den Pseudomorphosen, 1863, Erlanyen, p. (i7.)

1891. Periklin.

Appears (1) in fine large crystals in cavities in the sericite schists at 

various places in Chester; (2) in hornblende-schist, adjoining granite, east 

of the soapstoue quarry in North Blandford; (3) in fissures in crushed 

argillite, in Whately; (4) in crystals over an inch long, opaque white, 

with polished surfaces, closely resembling the forms from the Tyrol, at Ice 

Rock, a mile below the village of Shelburiie Falls, on the river.

For albite-muscovite pseudoniovphs after spodmuene, see Cymatolite.

ALLAN! TE.

1841. Rutile. Northampton and Williamsbarg-.

"Associated with quart/ in the sienite is a mineral crystallizing in 

four-sided prisms, which I have been disposed to refer to rutile." (The 

sienite is the same as 1hc tonalite mentioned below.) 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 077.

1876. Allanite. Pelhain, Ware, Becket.

C. U. Shepard: Catalogue of Minerals within 75 miles of Amherst, p. 7.

1876. Allanite. Hatfield, Pelhain, Gilbertvillo, Bnoklaud.

It is a constant accessory constituent of the Hatfield tonalite and is 

quite abundant in the granular anorthite at the Pelhain asbestos quarry. 

The crystals are here one-twelfth to one-half inch across, and 1 to 2 inches 

long. Some crystals are bordered by a dark-brown layer 1 mm. thick and 

cleaving parallel to a plane rectangular to the prism, which latter shows 

a varnished surface when tlie outer layer is removed. A marked puckering of the feldspar surrounds the prisms of allanite.

Certain crystals are deep bottle-green in longitudinal section, black in 

transverse. Under the microscope the Pelhain allauite in cross-section 

about at right angles to c is clear and free from fissures. ' It shows a clear 

dichroism in two shades of red-brown and uudulose polarization in stellate 

bands of shade radiating from several points. It shows no border growth 

except a fringe of Sc'igenitic rutile, and no decomposition.

It occurs also in the Pelham gneiss (in which the peculiar anorthiteolivine lens, generally cited as the asbestos quarry, is included) at the 

agricultural college quarry, in the north part of the town. It appears 

here in the small pebble-like "augen" of orthoclase, which are strung 

along certain lamination planes in small square prisms, changed generally into a red-brown hydrated variety. A radiated puckering of the 

feldspar surrounds each crystal. The finest crystals occur at Gilbertville, near Ware, in coarse granite flattened prisms 2 inches long and 

a half inch wide, with corroded and varnished surfaces.

In Buckland, on the hilltop a few rods south of Harris's soapstoue 

quarry; as usual, superficially decomposed to a red substance.
KHERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 15

1894. Allanite. Pel bain.

The well-known asbestos mine iu Pelham, Mass., is opened on a great 

dike of black olivine-eustatitc rock inclosed iu gneiss. Themetamorphism 

wbich cbanged tlie Cambrian conglomerate into gneiss changed tbo olivine 

rock, along a network of fissures, into antliopbyllite, arranged iu transverse fibers, meeting in a suture a macroscopic oliviuc network.

A macroscopic " reaction rim" was produced between the two rocks by 

the interaction of the very basic and the/very acid members. Against the 

olivine rock is a broad band, characterized by very basic minerals thick 

bauds of biotite, containing apatite, and fine large corundum crystals. 

Then conies anorthite full of allanite, rutile, and tourmaline in large 

masses. Then the anorthite graduates into andesite, and this, by the 

gradual appearance of quartz, niicrocline, and biotite. into the common, 

 well-bedded gneiss.

A crystal of corundum was shown largely fine-blue sapphire, in which 

Avaa a crystal of allauitc a half inch across, which had coerced the corundum into a line radiated puckering nearly an inch wide, outside of which 

the fine cleavage of the corundum asserted itself. The same puckering 

surrounds the allanite in the massive anorthite.

B. K. Emerson: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., VI. p. 474.

ALLOPHANE.

18G8. Allophane. Greenfield.

White and greenish; iu sandstone quarry one-half mile east of village 

of Greenfield. > 

J. D. Dana: Min. Localities, Treatise, p. 769.

1880. Allophane. Belchertown.

In greenish coating on pink feldspar veins; iu hornblende-schist at Kelleys Crossing; in Belchertown.

AMES1TE. 

187G. Amesine (uov. sp.H). (Sbepard.) Cbester emery mine.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Miu. within 75 miles of Amherst, p. 4. 

(Named after Mr. James T. Auies, of Chicopee, part owner of tbo emery 

mine.)

1870. Amesite. Cbester.

"M. Shepard a domic* ce nom a un mineral qui se trouve sur du dias. 

pore a Chester et qui resemble comrne couleur et comme (Sclat an talc vert 

du Tyrol, on bien a certaines chlorites du Pie"mout; il rappelle aussi 1'aspect 

de la pyrosc!6rite de 1'lle d'Elbe, quoique sa couleur soit plus pale (Desc.). 

H. 2.5-3.0 gr. 2.71, op. ax. positive. 

" SiO-j .............................................. 21.40

"ALO:,.............................................. 32.30

" FeO .............................................. 15.80

" MgO............................................... J9.90

" H,0 .............................................. 10.90

" C'est done une espece distiucte."

M. F. Pisani: Notices Min6ralogiques; Compte Rendu, Vol. LXXXIII, 

p. 166.
16 A MiNEKALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126..

1882. Amesite.

''Apparently identical with coruudophyllite."

E. S. Dana: 3d Appendix to 5th ed. Daua's Min., p. 31.

(Professor Shepard has never published any description of the mineral.)

1885. Amesite.

The corundophyllite, which is the oldest mineral in the veins where it 

occurs, forming on each wall a selvage against the magnetite, changes in 

specimens I have recently obtained into the pale whitish-green amesite; 

so that there can be no doubt of the derivation of the one from the other. 

The typical specimens of amesite labeled by Professor Shepard are in crystals of the same size and proportion as the coruudophyllite, and occupy 

the same position in the fissures, coating the magnetite on either side 

and having a layer of diaspora between them. They agree with the 

corundophyllite in being optically positive, but with small angle. The 

axial angle varies from 20° to 28° in a single crystal of amesite and from 

32'-' to 70C in one of corundophyllite. The crystals of amesite are often 

made tip of three individuals, and in cleavage plates the axial planes of 

the three parts make angles of 60° with each other.

1891. Amesite. CLester.

In an elaborate article upon the chlorites Tscherniuk has taken amesite 

as the first member of a series which includes all the principal chlorites, 

and these are formed from it by adding an increasing number of serpentine atoms to the amesite atom, which is the richest in alumina. Thus 

corundophyllite is composed of one molecule of serpentine and four of 

amesite. This is abstracted fully in E. S. Daua's Manual of Miu., p. 643.

G. Tschermak: Die Chloritgruppe. Sitzungsberichte d. Akad. Wieu, 

XCJX, p. 212.

(The above would suggest that the amesite may have been derived from 

the corundophyllite by its splitting into four molecules of amesite and one 

of serpentine. I have found no serpentine which would seem to have had 

this origin associated with the amesite.)

AMPH1BOLE. 

1818, Hornblende. Deerfield.

 ''Very abundant; mostly black in this vicinity."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield, etc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p. 113.

1820. Actynolite. Middlefield.

Often containing small tufts of the fibrous variety. Discovered by -E. 

Emuious. 

Professor Dewey : Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. II, p. 236.

1822. Actynolite. Middlefield (Mr. Colemaii). Guminingtoii (Dr. J. 

Porter).

As beautiful as that of the Tyrolese Alps. 

Editor's note, ibid., Vol. IV, p. 54.

1823. Hornblende.

Lamellar hornblende occurs in Holland (Eaton), Leverett, Sundeiiand, 

Couway, etc. Black hornblende in Shutesbnry, green in sienitic granite 

and gneiss; at Leydcu, in fine fibers; also in Shelburne, Conwny, Goshen, 

etc., in mica-slate, in large or broad fibers (liit'&ei; citation = y.oisite}.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 226.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 17

1823. Fasciculite. (Hitcbcock.) Hawley, Plaiufield, Conway.

This is composed of libers, or rather in many instances of lamellte, frequently more than one-tenth of an inch broad, diverging at both ends so 

as to occupy usually as many as 60° of a circle. These lamellte are commonly inserted perpendicularly to the folia of the slate in which they are 

inserted, and are applied to each other by their broader faces being bent 

outward on both sides somewhat like a bow, and presenting elegant and 

very peri'ect fascicles. The fibers or lumolhe scarcely, if ever, cross one 

another, yet sometimes they diverge in nearly straight lines and sometimes are so much curved as to resemble very exactly a sheaf of wheat. 

Length, 1 to 4 inches. In mica-slate and talco-micaceous slate in Hawley, 

Plainneld, and Conway. 1 could not resist the temptation to denominate 

them fasciculitcs.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci. ; 1st series, Vol.VI, p. 226.

1823. Hornblende, Actynolite. Hawley (Eaton), Cummington (J. 

Porter), Belchertowr., Shutesbury in gneiss, New Salem, acicular crystals in chlorite.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. .Jour. Sci., 1st series,Vol. VI,p. 227.

1823. Tremolite. Chesterfield, Cuinmingtou.

Asbestos with actynolite at Windsor, near the Cummiugtoii soapstone 

quarry.

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 248.

(This is called scapolite (ibid., Vol. VII, p. 253), but is probably zoisite.) 

Cummingtou; radiated, Avith quartz and beautiful garnets.

1823. Hornblende. Hawley. Plainfield, etc.

Describes the fasciculite of Hitchcock. 

Ibid.

1824. Tremolite. Middletield.

In large masses of aggregated flattened crystals with rhombspar (Emmons). These crystals often pass off into a perfectly granular treniolite.

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p. 46; 

Robinson's Cat., p. 60.

1824. Cummingtonite. (Dewey.) Cuininingtou.

"I have here given this name to a mineral found by 'Dr. J. Porter in 

Cummiiigfcon. It appears to bo a variety of epidote. Its color is gray, 

sometimes with a faint reddish tinge, unless when acted on by the 

weather, when its color is yellowish. It is in distinct prisms, with oblique 

seams like' zoisite, and in radiated or fascicled masses, which are composed of slender prisms. Luster somewhat shining or pearly. It is nearly 

as hard as quartz, and sometimes makes a slight impression upon rock 

crystal. Before the blowpipe it blackens, and a small portion melts, when 

the heat is very great, into a black slag, which ik attracted by the magnet. With quartz and garnet .it forms a largo mass in Cnmmington."

C. Dewey : Geol. Min. Mass.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p, 59.

1824. Cummingtonite. Lies by the roadside in the east part of 

Cumnimgton.

Known to the common people for several years under the name.of copperas rock; occasionally used in dyeing as a substitute for sulphate of 

iron. 

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; Am. Jonr. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p. 233.

Bull. 120 2
18 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1824. Hornblende' Pelliam.

Also actyuolite in asbestos, Pelham, and likewise a granular variety of 

the same mineral in large masses the grains equaling in size the grains 

of coarse gunpowder, and very easily separable. Ita granular structure 

may be the result of semidisintegration.

C. W. Shepard: Min.Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p. 235. 

Should be C. U. Shepard.

1825. Fasciculite. Charlemont (Dr.. H. W. Wells).

'Very line.

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; Am. .lour. Sci., 1st series,Vol. IX, p. 54. Robinson's 

Cat., p. 40.

1825. Cummingtonite. Plainiiekl in considerable quantities.

It is perfectly well characteri/ed, many of the specimens being elegant 

and even superb. 

J. Porter: Min. Loc.: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 54.

1825. Asbestus. Zoar.

The ligniform variety abundant in serpentine on the banks of Deerfield River (H.M..Wells). 

Robinson's Cat., p. 78.

1825. Actynolite. Westfield, occasionally; line.

Emerson Davis: Min. Not.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Arol. IX, p. 252.

1825. Cummingtonite (Fibrolite). Cuminiugtou.

£. Emmons: Boston Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 395.

1825. Fibrolite. Chesterfield.

E. Hitchcock, ibid., p. 610.

1825. Anthophyllite. Zoar (Charlemont).

In serpentine resembles that found iu Blandford.

C. U. Shepard: Boston Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 309.

1825. Anthophyllite. Blandford.

"Mr. Alonxo Chapin has lately presented rue with a mineral that ho has 

discovered in considerable abundance in the town of Blandford, which I 

find to be very \vell characterized anthopliyllite. In a green tc^lcosc rock

having a slaty structure, with veins of blackish serpentine running 

through it; massive and iu long acicular prisms, radiating, hair brown." 

Cleavage, 125°. Infusible.

C. U. Shepard: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX; also Boston Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. II, p. 395. 

1827. Cummingtonite. Chesterfield, Goshen.

In mica-slate.

A. Nash: Lead Mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 260.

1827. Amianthus. Plainfield.

White, very tine aud delicate. 

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; ibid., p. 378.

1828. Anthophyllite. Blandford, 20 rods southeast of village; Bast 

Granville road; also 1 mile south on same road.

Hitchcock searched out the mineral at the above locality as the anthophyllitc described by Shepard in the preceding citation. It fused, and so 

he sent specimens to Professor Shepard to see if they were the same as his. 

Professor Shepard writes that the mineral sent agrees in crystallographical characters and in its fusibility with a genuine specimen of authophyllite from Norway, and says: "This led me to reexamiiie a mineral from
EMERSON.] A MINERALOG1CAL LEXICON. 19 

1828. Anthophyllite Continued.

tho same town which I recently described in the Boston Journal under 

the name of authophyllite. 1 find myself to have been in error as to my 

examination of its crystalline form and some other characters' At present 

I regard this mineral as constituting a new species, of which I propose at 

a future day to give a particular account."

E. Hitchcock: Min. Ex.; Am. Jour. Sci. ; 1st series, Vol. XIV, p. 221.

(The mineral described above by Hitchcock is tho coarse-bladed hornblende iu the Osborne soapstone quarry, which is partly brown and associated with black serpentine. That first described by Professor Shepard, 

if infusible, may have been eustatite from fartherdoutb. The promised 

description of it as a new species apparently never appeared.)

1828. Actynolite. Center of Shutesbury opposite mineral spring.

E.Hitchcock: Min. Ex.; ibid., Vol. XlV, p. 217.

1828. Anthophyllite. Chesterfield, 1 mile north of meetinghouse on 

land of Mr. Searle, with kyanite and zoisite.

E. Hitchcock: Miu. Not.; ibid., p. 216. (This is the brown, fibrous hornblende associated with large garnets and called above cummiugtonite.)

L835. Anthophyllite. Chesterfield, Blandford.

With quartz in mica-slate. 

C.U. Shepard: Miu., Vol.11, Part I, p. 27.

(The Chesterfield mineral was cummingtouite. The Blandford mineral 

was actynolite, cited in 1838, probably from Osborue soapstoue quarry.) i

L835. Tremolite in rhoinbspar. Middletield; also liguiform and compact asbestos.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 363.

1835. Actynolite. Middlefield, Blandford, Zoar.

E. Hitchcock: Loc. cit.

1835. Fasciculite in talcose slate. Plainfield.

E.Hitchcock: Loc. cit.

1835, Anthophyllite. Pelham, in gneiss. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 399.

I can not feel sure what mineral was intended hero; probably the black, 

hornblende, which occurs rarely in the gneiss.

1835. Anthophyllite. Chesterfield, with sappare (cyanite) and garnet j 

Chester, with pyroxene, garnet, and staurotide; Blandford, 

abundant.

In fibrous masses or imperfect prisms embedded in the mica-slate. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 347; also, Final Report, 1841, p. 606.

1835. Cummingtonite (= epidote. Dewey.) Cummington and neighboring to wn s. Warwick. 

E.Hitchcock. Ibid.

1835. Cummingtonite. Plainfield. Cummingtou.

Hemiprismatic wavelline spar. Full description and analysis by Muir. 

Columnar, ash-gray; H 6.5, gr. 3.2014:

SiO... ............................................... 56.543

FeO ............................................... 21. 669

Mn ................................................ 7.802

Na,................................................. 8.439

HaO ............................................... 3.178

C. U. Shepard: Min.. Vol. II, Part I, p. 159.
20 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1841. Cummingtonite. Cimimiugton. In mica-slate.

"Dr. Thompson is decidedly of opinion that this mineral belongs to a 

new species allied to the karpholite.' 1 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 607.

1841. Actynolite. Middlefield, Zoar, Blaudford.

In talcose slate. Fines* from Blandford; in talcose slate, fine fibrous 

hornblende. Fascicnlite. 

Ibid., p. 613.

1841. Hornblende. Chester.

"Near the chromite-of-iron localitjr, in the west part of Chester, a 

mineral occurs in talcose slate in indistinct prisms of a black color, which 

I shall call hornblende; but I should not be surprised if a more careful 

examination than I have fonud time to make should prove it to be acmite, 

which conies to us from Norway only." 

" Ibid., p. 614,

(This is the black radiated tourmaline in hexagonal prisms from the 

North mine and along the whole eastern selvage of the emery vein, which 

closely resembles hornblende, and was described by Shepard as tourmaline.)

1841. Tremolite. Middlefield.

In bitter spar in serpentine. Liguiform and compact varieties are found 

iu the same steatite bed; also at Zoar, in talcose slate. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 613.

1841. Actynolite. Westfield, in serpentine.

"Also a mineral which I am disposed to refer to anthophyllite." (This 

is eustatite.) 

Ibid., p. 618.

1844. Cummingtonite. (Augitus scopiformis.) Ouramiiigton and Plainfield.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 373.

1844. Hornblende. Chester; with'obtuse edges truncated.

F.Alger: Min., p. 83.

1870. Anthophylline. Chesterfield, Pelhain.

0. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min., within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 5.

1878. Cummingtonite.

Iron magnesia amphibole. 

J.D. Dana: Min., p. 234,

1885. Hornblende. Chester.

A fibrous black hornblende from near Chester, Mass.; affords an imperfect cat/s-eye.

Or. F. Kuux: Precious stones; in Min. Res. of U. S., 1885, p. 728.

" Some time ago there were a number of pieces sold in New York as coming from Chester, Mass. It was a fibrous hornblende, in fiber almost as 

line as crocidolite. I think someone called it Beutonite."

CT. F. Knuz: Private communication, Feb. 5, 1886.

1885. Actinolite. North Blaudford.

In large quantity; fine, acicular, deep-green, and in all stages of change 

to steatite, at Bartholomew's quarry, North Blaudford, and in still larger 

and finer masses at Osborne's quarry, near the middle of the same town. 

In granular masses of the finest emerald-green at the Pelhain asbestos 

mine,
EMEHSON.I A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 21

1890. Cummingtonite. Chesterfield.

The hair-brown hornblende, so long called anthophyllite, occurs in a

highly pyritous rock associated with large garnets, and can be best

r obtained in the bluffs west of Buunells Pond, in Chesterfield, and from

largo bowlders down the hill nearly a mile southeast of Chesterfield

churcli.

1891. Actinolite. Pelliam.

The new excavations have afforded the richest-colored deep-green actinolite, in long, fibrous, sheaf-like, and radiating masses.

1801. Hornblende changed to a mixture of epidote and chlorite. 

Chester.

Very attractive specimens were furnished abundantly from the first cut 

west of the Chester station, flat black blades penetrating a white granular 

quartzite forming a bed in the hydro mica-schist. This hornblende is at 

'times altered into a mixture of granular epidote surrounded by a superficial layer of blackish-green chlorite. (See Epidote.)

1891. Fasciculite changed to biotite.

The "fasciculite" or radiating hornblende of the Charlemont "fasciculite schists" is at times changed into a dark-brown to black biotite, 

arranged in a series of overlapping scales about as broad as the cross-section of the thin blades of the original mineral.

1891. Crocidolite. Chester.

A pale-green, rigidly columnar mineral, breaking in rods about 4 inches 

long, was.distributed in exchange by Professor Shepard under this nanx;. 

Jt is a granular calcite-asbestos mixture, only a few libers being left behind 

in acid. Under the microscope narrow, wavy bands of serpentine are 

seen to run through the mass.

AMPHODELITE.

See Oligoclase.

AtfALCITE. 

) 181.8. Analcime. Deerfield.

Very abundant, associated with quartz and amethyst, which are some-

' times inclosed in aualciuie; generally cylindrical, reniform, radiated, a 

few perfect crystals. One mile from Deerfield Academy, E. 2° 15' S. 

E. Hitchcock: Oeol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1S18. Analcime. Deerfield.

1 Occurrence in secondary greenstone.

.Review of Cleaveland's Mineralogy, by E. Hitchcock; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st 

A , series, Vol. I, p. 49.

182*. Analcime. Deerfield.

; Usually in laminated or radiated masses which are reuiform, cylindrical, 

I or nearly spherical; very rarely in trapezoidal crystals; color white, gray,

and flesh color. Associated with calcareous spar, quartz, chalcedony, etc.,

and frequently effervesces a little with acid. . 

E. Hitchcock: deol. Conn.; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 224.

1835. Analcime.

Occurrence doubtful.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., small ed., p. 436,
22 A M1NERALOGICAL LEXICON. [CULL. 126.

184]. Analcime. Chester, in mica-slate (Einmons).

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Mass., p. 606.

( It occurred in beautiful amber-colored crystals on fissures in bydromica-scbist. Tliero were line specimens in the Shepard collection. I have 

not been able to recover the locality.)

1841. Analcime.

"Has been frequently aaid to be quite common, but I am suspicious that 

calcareous spar has been confounded with that mineral, and 1 dare not 

say that it exists in our greenstone."

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p.662.

187(3. Analcite. Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min., within 75 miles of Ainherst College, p. 4.

1882. Analcite. Deerfield.

Occurred (a) in a single crystal upon prehnite; (b) in flat 8-sided plates, 

10 to 12 ram. across, striated and formed by the growth of the trapezohedron in a narrow fissure; (c) in milk-white films circular and octagonal, 

5 to 10 mm. across; (d) in extremely fine botryoidal surfaces with crystalline structure, with here and there a system of curious concentric depressed 

rings, like the siliceous annulations on some fossils (beckite). They are as 

if formed by pressing several rings, each smaller than the other, into a soft 

mass, so that it should rise as a series of thin concentric combs between 

them; (e) other pieces which seem to me to have been analcite of the 

form (b) are now wholly decomposed into a yellow ferruginous kaolin (?).

Associated with the analcite (/;) and resting against the separate crystals 

on all sides is opaque white calcite £ R and I5, grouped in parallel clusters, 

the faces all rounded and the clusters looking as if they had been made of 

some soft material which had "run." This grouping of the calcite around 

the separate crystals of the analcite may explain the anuulatious mentioned above, the two minerals having increased alternately and the calcite afterwards having been removed.

U. K. Emerson: The Deerlield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 20.1

ATOALUSITE. 

1885. Chiastolite. Whately, Mass.

The Whately argillite is changed on contact with the Hatfield tonalito 

(sienite) to a "garben schiefer" full of slender cliiastolites above an inch 

long, but altered now to a mixture of muscovite and minute and perfect 

staurolite crystals. The chiastolite pseudomorpli.s still retain the black 

cross of coaly particles.

1890. Chiastolite.

.For supposed cliiastolites in the Trias, see Salt.

1893. Chiastolite.

" Crystals from Springfield" cited from Dana, (Sys. Min., 6th ed., 1892, 

p. 497.)

F. Becke: Tschermak Min. Mit., Vol. XIII, p. 257.

(The crystal is a common Lancaster crystal, which is said by Dana to 

have been "dissected by B. Horsford, of Springfield.")
KMEHSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 23

ANDESITE. 

1870. Andesite. Pelliam.

Closely associated with a sinning red-brown biotite in loosely aggregated scales. Tbe andesite is in large bigbly crystalline individuals, and 

is intimately associated with similar individuals of cornndumite, though 

tbe latter are of infrequent occurrence. (Si02 , 57.20; CaO, 8.7.)

C. U. Sbepard: Contributions to Min. (private publication), p. 4.

1883. Andesite. Pelham asbestos mine.

Sections cut from the specimen analyzed by Professor Shepard parallel 

to the axes gave extinction 4-5° on 0 P and 13-14° on co P do, which 

agrees with andesite, or a form between audesite and labradorite. The 

compact specimens named by him andesite are mostly auorthite, and are 

distinguished from those named anorthite by him only in tbo presence of 

disseminated biotite. It is all well advanced in decomposition, being 

much dusted with muscovite. It contains zircon. Nearest the tourmaline the mass is iinest grained, white, free from biotite, and nearly all 

anorthite; farther away tho grain gets coarser and the nndesite increases 

gradually. Its twinning bands are broad, equally thick, and continuous. 

Other egg-shaped masses in the massive biotite, but farthest from the 

central mass, were very fresh and limpid and often gave conchoidal fracture. They gave an extinction on P of 1.30, and were thus intermediate 

between andositc and oligoclase ah interesting gradation from the basic 

anorthite near the olivine to the oligoclase near the acid gneiss.

ANGLESITE. 

1811. Sulphate of lead. Loudville.

In plates or tables on cubes of galena and in cavities in quartz. 

William Meade: Bruce's Am. Min. Jour., Vol. I, p. 150.

1811. Muriate or carbono-muriate of lead. Loudville.

With description; very light green; groups of a cubic form terminated 

by totrahedral pyramids; slightly affected by nitric acid. 

William Meade: Bruce's Jour., Vol. I, p. 151.

1823. Carbonated muriate of lead. Loudville.

Same, above quoted.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 234.

1823. Sulphate of lead. Loudville.

Meade's description (1811) quoted.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. of Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series. Vol. VI, 

p. 234.

1835. Sulphate of lead. Loudville.

Small plates on galena.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 508.

1835. Murio-carbonate of lead. Loudville.

Same, above quoted.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 507.

1835. Corneous lead.

C. U. Shepard: Min., Vol.1, Part II,p. 149. 

Not mentioned in third edition.
24 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [ecu, 126

1841. Murio-carbonate of lead. Loudville.

Previous account repeated.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 705.

1841. Sulphate of lead. Loudville.

In small pla.tes on galena. 

Ibid., p. 705.

1865. Phosgenite. Southampton. Loudville.

Suggests that the stolzite here described by him under the name scheeletiue may have been mistaken for cerasite (phosgenite or nieudipite) or 

matlockite, one or the other of which, under the old name of muriate of 

lead, has been supposed to exist at this locality.

C. U. Shepard: On scheeletine; Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLI, p. 215.

The above suggestion can not be accepted, because stolzite is decomposed 

by nitric acid. The original mineral described by Meade can not have 

been phosgenite, which dissolves with effervescence in dilute nitric acid. 

Almost all the points given in the description of Meade agree with anglesite. The crystals of anglesite found here are often superficially green 

from copper. It is described further as vitreous, nearly the luster of a 

precious stone, glassy fracture, brittle, melts to orange mass with lead 

globules, formed on galena, and but slightly acted upon by nitric acid. All 

these points agree with auglesite, and only the crystalline form remains; 

"in cubic form terminated by tetrahedral prisms." It will be noted further that no one has ever found the mineral since Meade's description, bnt 

all have copied him. I found in 1885 (in the Clark collection of Smith 

College, which has the finest series of crystals from the Loudville mine) 

specimens which agreed also in cystallizatiou. They are an exceptional 

form of anglesite and appear in grouped prismatic aggregates up to 10 

mm. in length, surmounted by acute pyramids, and resembling acicular 

aragonite. At times the aggregated prisms are finely striate longitudinally, changing the resinous luster to satiny. It is translucent, colorless 

to slightly amber.

A fragment of a crystal treated with HNO:! was only slightly affected. 

Before the blowpipe it turns yellow, decrepitates, and Avith soda gives lead 

globules and test for sulphur.

1800. Cotunnite. Southampton lead mine.

Found in four specimens by Mr. P. W. Lyman; small groups lining 

quartz; right rhombic prisms, milk-white, opaque, soluble. 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 247.

1885. Anglesite.

All the specimens upon which the aboA^e determination Avas made have 

passed through my hands, and are auglesite of very simple crystalline form. 

The best specimen a large mass of quartz Avith many crystals van burned 

Avith the Shepard collection. The second best piece has since been presented to the college by the finder, Rev. P. W. Lyman. Several other 

specimens are in the J. Clark collection of Smith College.

The iblloAving observations were made by me on the specimens presented by Rev. P. W. Lyman and determined by Professor Shepard, and also 

on others labeled by Mr. J. Clark as detenu iued by Professor Shepard: Crystals in right rhombic prisms oo P, 0 P largest, 1£ mm. long, f mm. Avide 

scattered over the surface of quartz in caArities in quartz or cerussite; color 

snow-white, opaque. In a single instance the face of another prism appears 

about oo P 2; base striated parallel to long diagonal; prisms horizontally 

striated; broken crystals show the interior to bo translucent and of 

resinous luster.; prism faces slightly, barreled and composite, the larger
EMERSON.] A MFNERALOGICAL LEXICON. 25

1885. Anglesite Continued.

crystals at times grouped and radiating like stilbite; small crystals 

transparent at the ends; average of many varying measurements, I A I, 

76° 30' (auglesite = 76- 16f).

No trace of solubility could be detected. Chlorine and lead were tested 

for in vain in the water in which the crystal had been boiled; as also in 

the nitric-acid solution. Before the blowpipe it turns yellow, decrepitates; with soda gives globules of lead and strong test for sulphur.

ANKERITE.

Carbonate of iron. Cuminington.

At rhodonite locality; laminated masses; not large. 

 E. Hitchcock: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 22.

Carbonate of iron. Plain field.

Beautiful crystals; rhombs nearly white, curved faces. 

.1. Porter: Ibid., Vol. IX, p. 5<k

Carbonate of iron. Charlemont, Hawley, Chester.

J. Porter: Min. Not.; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 378.

Ankerite. West Springfield.

See Dolomite.

Carbonate of iron. Cuinmingtou.

In bowlders of manganese ore. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; Final Kept.,p.613.

Ankerite. Hawley, Cliarlemont.

The following analyses represent the composition of the "carbonate so 

abundantly disseminated in the Hawley schists.

No. 1, byL. G. Eakins, of the United States Geological Survey, is from a 

chlorite-schist in which, the coarsely granular carbonate is disseminated 

like the feldspar in a gneiss. It is from a point just south of the road 

running over Forge Hill, in Hawley, near the first mine in the pasture of 

M. V. Cressy.

No. 2, also by Mr. L. G. Eakins, is from quite large rhombohcdra of the 

same mineral in chlorite-schist from the hill a mile north of the hotel 

in Charlernont.

No. 3 is by Mr. C. L. Upton, class of '91, in Amherst College, and is the 

mean of two analyses. It is from the fine large rhombohedra found in 

chlorite-schist in Hawley, in the gorge near the mill, opposite the town 

hall.

1825.

1827.

1835.

184.1.

1892.

SOi, .........:.............

AlaOs.... ..................

TFe,03 ...... ................

PeO .......................

MnO.. .....................

CaO .......................

MgO. ......................

K2 0 .......................

Na2O ......................

COi...... ..................

No. 1.*

9 To

1.75

1. !!4

.05

3.34

4.50

10

.15

22. 82

No. 2.

.08

7. GO

1.C1

no no

10. 17

(NiO . 03)

|45.35

100. 14

No. 3.

,1 3. 77

MgOJ CaO ? m oa 10 - 98 

11.23

7.40

27.02

15.87

J43. 13

100.00

Soluble in HC1. t Gangne. ; Loss.

This gives for No. 2 the formula CaC03+FeCO:i+2f, (CaMgC.2Oti).
26 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON.- [BULL. 126.

ANHYDRITE. 

1892. Anhydrite. Northampton.

Larrabee's quarry, beside the Connecticut Eiver, on the north line of 

Holyoke. A very exceptional and interesting occurrence of anhydrite 

has just come to my knowledge. Its geological significance will be discussed in the monograph on the geology of the area. Within a small 

space, a foot or two beneath the surface of the trap mass exposed in the 

quarry, the large irregular cavities in the trap, 1 to 2 inches thick and 3 or 

4 inches in the other dimensions, are filled (instead of with calcite, as is 

usual) with the finest bluish anhydrite. It is in tabular masses, precisely 

like the Chesterfield cleavelandite.

The tabular aggregates are generally .slightly radiated, and the plates 

reach 2 or 3 inches in length. They at times radiate so rapidly in smaller 

plates that the latter curve 90° in a single inch. The plates vary in width 

from an eighth of- an inch down to extreme fineness, are bounded by 

nearly parallel plan.es, but taper slowly to an edge, and are replaced by 

the thickening of their neighbors. The planes bounding these plates are 

parallel to oo Poo (010). As a result of this structure, a mass broken across 

the face of perfect cleavage 0 P (001) closely resembles in luster and habit 

the striated prism faces of apophyllite, the cleavage is so exceptionally 

perfect. It resembles even more closely the triclinic striatiou of albite 

when the latter structure is coarsely developed. Sections including several plates cut parallel to 0 Ppolarize as units and show the obtnse bisectrix.

Sections parallel to oo 7J oo (100) show the same partings and give the axial 

figure in the same position on all the bands; so there is no twinning.

Sections parallel to oo P do (010) do not extinguish entirely. They 

show a decided cleavage parallel to P 6c (101), along which the mineral 

often separates readily.

One cavity showed traces of fibrous, finely striated crystals.

The surface of the outflowing trap sheet was covered with mud while 

still plastic, auc1 trap .and shale are confusedly mingled. There is much 

pyrite in the trap and much secondary calcite in the cavities, often with 

the anhydrite-.

ANORTHITE.

1870., Anorthite. Pelham.

" Found abundantly at the asbestite mine of Pelham. Massive, granular 

to compact; color grayish, yellowish, or pinkish white. It is theindianin 

variety of the species and contains 19.4 of CaO."

C. U. Shepard: Contrib. to Min. (priv. pub.), p. 4, and Cat. of Mm. 

within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 5.

187G. Anorthite. Pelhara.

The following analysis was made by Mr. Josiah Keep, of the class of '74, 

Amherst College: The material was taken from the opaque white, fine 

granular variety nearest the olivine rock. The specimen was one labeled 

anorthite by Professor Shepard:

SiO.................................................. 48.87

AljO:, (dif) .......................................... 36.76

CaO................................................ 10.82

KaO ................................................ 1.35

Na2O ............................................... 2.20

100.00
KMEHSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 27

1882. Anorthite. Pelham. Asbestos mine.

Some well-formed small crystals occur implanted in tourmaline albite 

twins with few faces.

1883. Anorthite. Pelham. Asbestos quarry.

The fine white compact mass nearest the tourmaline (Shepard'a type) 

gives extinction in twin lamina) 25° to 38°, and so is probably nuorthite. 

The crystals are almost simple, with very minute interspersed lamina- in 

two directions at right angles. It is much decomposed into muscovite, 

and carries zircon, and is mixed with andesito.

1892. Anorthite.

The featheryporphyritic groups of first consolidation in the diabase uniformly show the optical characters of anorthite.

ANTHEACITE.

1835. Anthracite. Turners Falls, in Gill; at the Southampton lead 

mine, in Triassic sandstone.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 227.

1841. Anthracite. Above repeated.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., Final Rep., p. 137.

ANTHOPHYLL1TE. 

1818. Asbestus. Pelham.

Compact.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1823. Asbestus. Pelham.

With serpentine and talc.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 225.

1824. Compact asbestus. Pelham.

C. II. Shepard: Min. Loo.; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 235.

1870. Asbestus. Pelham.

Land of Mr. Samuel Newell; recent excavations for economical purposes 

prove it inexhaustible.

.1. H. Adams, class of '70, Amherst College: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. 

XLIX,p.271.

1870. Asbestite. (Shepard.) Pelham.

Fibrous and hard; sp. gr., 2.9 to 3.

SiO ; ............................................... 59. 40

MgO............................................... 30.60

FeO ................. ............................. 7. 60

H...O ............................................... 1.5G

Al ;O:,CuO .......................................... Trace.

99.6

Compact and subslaty; sp. gr., 2. 93. 

SiO, ............................................... 58.91

MgO; .............................................. 29.37

FeO ............................................... 9.37

HO ................................................ 3. 37

Al andCa.......................................... Trace.

C. U. Shepard: Mm. Gout. (priv.pub.), p.3.
28 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1870. Asbestite. Pelham.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. Miu., 75 miles of Ainherst College, p, 3.

1877. Asbestoid bronzite.

After quoting the two analyses of "asbestite," given above, Shepard 

says, " They are both undoubted varieties of bronzite. The fi brous variety 

exactly resembles this species from Aloystha (Aloysthal), in Moravia, except 

in wanting the dark color and bronzy luster of the Moravian mineral and 

in having, through partial decomposition, a somewhat lower hardness. The 

peculiar oblique cross cleavage of the fibers from both localities is very strikingly similar. The common, coarsely granular bronze variety is also found in 

small quantity at Pelliam, diffused through rounded masses of considerable 

dimensions of the peculiar mineral named by me Pelhamiue. These masses 

are enfolded in the closely contiguous biotitic schist.

C. U. Shepard: Contrib. to Miu., p. 4; Ainherst, May 11,1877.

1893. Anthophyllite. Pelhara.

In the geological monograph the " asbestos " of the Pelham asbestos mine 

is discussed and its derivation from olivine established. This Hbrous 

asbestiform mineral is a secondary one, being derived from the olivine 

rock and growing out from fissures which form a great network in the 

latter, in fibrous masses set transversely to these fissures which remain 

as central sutures to the new growth, so that the whole repeats on a large 

scale the microscopic decomposition of oliviue. On the other hand, the 

bronzy mineral mentioned above by Professor Shepard is a true bronzite 

an original constituent of the olivine-eustatite rock.

The fibrous mineral was proved to beanthophyllite by its uniform longitudinal extinction and by finding larger blades, measuring 54° 30' to 55°.

1894. Asbestus. Pelham.

C. Hiuze, p. 1231.

ANTIMONITE.

1822. Sulphuret antimony. Near South Hartley.

Cleaveland's Min., Vol. II, p. 688. 

This occurrence has not been verified.

APATITE.

1824. Phosphate of lime. Chester.

In an aggregate of gray epidote, zoisite, hornblende, and quartz. Dissolves slowly in N0fl . Whitish-yellow. Fragments transparent. Form 

a rectangular prism.

E. Emmons: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 254.

1824. Phosphate of lime. Chester.

Disseminated in granite. Also the variety apatite in yellowish-green 

crystals and granular masses phosphoresces on hot iron with pale-yellow light; also in mica-slate in roundish masses. Its powder digested in 

HoO changes vegetable blue to green (Emmons).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire Co.; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 36.

1825. Phosphate of lime. Williamsburg.

"July, 1824. This mineral was forwarded to me in June last by Morris 

Dwight, its.discoverer. It is embedded in a rock of gneiss. * * * Color 

delicate straw yellow, pale green, greenish white, apple green. Large 

6-sided prisms more than 1 inch in length terminate by fiat plane."

B. Silliman: Notice of a mineral supposed to be phosphate of lime from 

west Massachusetts; Am. Join1 . Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 174.
EMEBSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 29

1827. Asparagus stone. Williamsburg, in granite.

Prisms several inches long; aud another variety of phosphate of lime 

in mica-slate in grains. 

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 260.

1835. Apatite. Williamsburg, Chesterfield, Chester, Middlefield, 

Norwich, Conway.

In Williamsburg, hexagonal, delicately green crystals; in Norwich, in 

gray quart/ and black mica near granite. Oue crystal 6 inches long by 

3 inches across.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 343.

1841. Apatite. Williamsburg, Chesterfield, Chester, Middlefield, 

Norwich.

Williainsbnrg, hexagonal, delicately green; Chesterfield, with kyanite. 

Resembles chrysoberyl in appearance. Norwich, in gray quart/,, with 

hlack mica, near grauito. One imperfect crystal (No. 728, State collection) 3 inches in diameter, 6 inches long.

E. Hitchcock: Geol.Mass..p. 604.

1844. Apatite. (Fluelhts liexagonus.) Norwich, Chester, Chesterfield, 

and Williamsburg.

J. D. Daim: Sys. Miu., p. 238.

1876. Apatite. Pelham, Huntington.

C. U. Shopard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 2.

1879. Apatite. Walnut Bill, Huntington.

In tourmaline granite veins. * 

A. A. J alien: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, Vol. I, p. 352.

1883. Apatite. Pelhain asbestos quarry.

An exquisite 6-sided prism one-half inch long, green at ends aud down 

middle apparently, but satiny white on faces, and with plumose surface. 

Given me by Mr. Thompson for mineral collection of Amherst College.

1885. Apatite. Rowe.

Small light-green crystals in pyrites at the mine of J. M. Davis &. Co. 

A. G. Dana: Gahuite at Rowe; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIX, p. 455.

1891. Apatite. Pelham.

The new working of the asbestos mine has furnished many heautiful 

crystals. They are embedded in the biotito fringe rock, with nodules of 

hornblende aud corundum, and in the massive tourmaline. They are transparent, rich oil-green. The form is a short, stout prism with Hat ends. 

The largest was 3 inches long and 2 wide, showing the faces oo />, 0 F. 

P, oo P 2. Some are weathered through and through to opaque white, 

like the Snaruin crystals.

1895. Apatite. Chester.

Occurs in small, pale-green crystals with cornndophyllite, in the Chester 

emery vein.

AKAGONITE. 

1825. Aragonite. Middlefield.

Yellow, transparent. H. =4; sp.gr.,2.39. Dissolved in nitric acid with 

effervescence. Exactly resembled the Bilin crystals, with rhombspar in 

steatite, found by Dr. Emmons.

C. U. Shepnrd: Boat. Jour. Phil.,Vol. Ill, p. 609. (The sp. gr. changed to 

3.93 in Professor Shepard's copy of the Journal.)
30 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1887. Aragonite. Chester emery mine.

Beautiful crystals, of the usual acicular type aucl 20 inni. long, occur 

coating fissures; also in radiated tufts; the best specimens in the cabinet 

of the late Mr. Ames, of Chicopee.

ABSENOPYKITE.

1823. Mispickel (arsenical iron?). Gill.

Bowlder of several pounds. Dr. Alpheus Stone.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 232.

1870. Arsenopyrite. Bernardston.

* C. II. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within. 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 8. 

[Probably exists only in bowlders.]

ASBESTOS.

See Autliophyllite and Amphibole. 

ASTKOPHYLLITE. 

I860. Astrophyllite. Northfield.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 248. 

See Biotite.

AUTUNITE. 

1835. Uranite. Chesterfield, Mass.

At tourmaline veiu. Crystalline plates and pulverulent. Emerald green 

(Mr. Shepard). 

Ed.note: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXVIIf, p. 382.

1841. Uranite. Chesterfield.

Found by Professor Shepard in small quantity. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 704.

1841. Uranite. Chesterfield.

J. E. Teschemacher: Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol.1, p. 15 (abstract);

Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 35.

1844. Uvanite. ( Uranalus quadratics). Chesterfield.

Discovered by Teschemacher in centers of red tourmalines. 

J. D. Dana: Min.,2d ed!, p. 297.

1845. Uranite. Chesterfield.

Prof. C. U. Shepard claims priority over Teschemacher of discovery of 

uranium at Chesterfield. 

Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVIII, p. 179.

1845. Uranite. Chesterfield.

Maintains claim to priority of discovery of uranite on ground that the 

publication of the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 

was April, 1841; that of Professor Hitchcock's Geology of Massachusetts, 

to which Shepard refers, was in-November, 1841.

J. H. Teschemacher: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVIII, p. 395.

1868. Autunite. Chesterfield.

In minute crystals on the quart/, or albite, and sometimes in the red 

centers of tourmalines. 

J. D. Dana: Min., p. 587.
EMEB60N.1 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 31

1879. Autunite. West Chesterfield.

On cleavage plaues of spoduuieue, derived from alteration of zircon 

containing uranium.

A. A. Julien: Spodumeue and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, 

Vol.1, p. 354.

AXINITE. 

1819. Augite, Deerfield.

" In an aggregate of greenstone, quartz, and calcareous spar in the 

greenstone range of Deerfield. Color black, and the crystals usually 

imperfect or broken."

E. Hitchcock: Stipp. Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st scries, Vol. IF, 

p. 436.

1823. Augite. Daerfield.

In irregular veins or imperfect crystals.

E. Hitchcock: Gcol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 225.

1835, Augite. Deerfield.

" Is of an iron-black color and in imperfect crystals or in veius; is sometimes met with in the tufaceous greenstone of the Connecticut Valley, !18 

at a spot 1 mile east of the village of Deerfield."

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Mass., p. 435.

184J. Augite. Deerfield.

Same as 1835.

E. Hitchcock: Final Report on Geol.Mass., p.661.

1882. Axinite. Deertield; cut oil canal railroad. South of the Beerfield Elver, at Cheapside.

.let-black opaque crystals, the largest 10 to 12 mm. in length, embedded 

in prehnite, and calcite resting on prehuite. The crystals are thick plates, 

resembling, as do many of the minerals found here, the simpler forms from 

Bourg d'Oisius the faces 'Poo (ll0), and P' oo (110), large and striated 

vertically, and ' P oo striated horizontally parallel to the intersection edge 

of P oo and 'P (ill). The face 'P is smaller and striated horizontally. 

Rarely the faces oo P 66 (010), oo P do (100), and 2 P6c (201) appear. Two 

very distinct distant cleavages, especially clear under the microscope, 

parallel to the two striations upon 'P, and nearly at right angles to this 

face, thus nearly cubical. Thin splinters show brilliant trichroism, deep 

bottle-green, plum-blue, and clove-brown, and are glassy and easily transparent under the microscope, and entirely free from all impurities. The 

mineral has occurred also at the old locality east of Deerfield village, and 

appears in the State collection, Nos. 86, 87, labeled "Black angite in 

greenstone, Deerfield." I found also opposite Turners Falls a single perfect crystal 4 mm. long, black, with shade of brown, resting upon a 

 botryoidal layer of diabantite inauamygdule. Some of the finest crystals 

of axinite occur in the datohte. The crystals are here sometimes short, 

stout prisms.

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield Dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 350.

AZUK1TE. 

1881. Azurite Leverefct.

With malachite in small portions, at new opening ot upper Leverett 

mine.

1887. Azurite. Southampton lead mine.

Occurs surrounding chalcopyrite and intermixed with massive black 

copper oxide, also in thick coatings on quart/. Rare. Specimens in Clark 

collection of Smith College.
32 A MINEKALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1890. Azurite. Chester.

In hornblende-schist at the main shaft of the emery mine.

BABINGTONITE. 

1892. Babingtonite. Buck laud.

Coating vertical north-and-south fissures in Cambrian gneiss at quarry 

beside railroad, near Shelburne Falls.

Broad surfaces are covered with a jet-black granular layer, which at 

times shows crystal i'aces. Dissolving away a layer of calcite, small crystals were exposed, with strongly striated faces of high luster, and having 

entirely the habit of babinglonite. The minuteness of the crystals and 

the striatiou prevented accurate measurement, but the following numbers 

were obtained :

Found. Gale.

c/\d 56° 57° 36' 

87° 10' 87° 28' 

67° 20' 67° 48' 

 47^20' 47° 36' 

c=(001)OP d = (221)2'P. 

M = (liO)oo'P m =

c, g, and m are striated parallel to their intersection ; d and M thesanie.

The following analysis was made in the laboratory of the Survey by Mr. 

E. A. Schneider. The material was in part brownish from the beginning of 

decomposition/ which explains the large per cent of water : 

SiOj ............................................... 52. 48

TiO2 . .............................................. Trace.

Al ,03 .............................................. 1. 93

Fe ,03 .......................................... . . . . ' 23. 24

FeO. .............................................. O

MnO ............................................... .37

MgO.................................. ............. 1.55

CaO. .............................................. 19.31

K,0 ............................................... (3)

Na:0 .............................................. (:i)

H,O (105C! ). ......................................... .11

H^.O (above 105°)........ ........................... 1.03

P..0r, ............................................... (»)

100. 02

The mineral is intergrown with fine, small crystals of epidote, natrolite, 

chaba/ite, and quartz. The development of the faces is such that the 

crystals resemble axinite. On discussing the analysis Prof. F. W. Clarko 

pronounced the mineral babiugtouite.

BAE1TB. 

1810. Barite. From Southampton lead mine.

13. Silliman: Brace's Min. Mag., Vol. l,p.64.

1 Includes FeO.

2 Not determined, owing to lack of material,

3 Jfot determined.

l! Spectroscop. good reaction.
A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 33

1818. Barite. Greenfield.

Bank of Connecticut River; walls of copper vein, 1 inch to 1 foot on 

wall; vein, 6 to 8 feet.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield, etc. [ Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. II, 

p. 115.

1822. Barite. Hatfield, Mass.

Sp. Gr., 4.28.

BaO ................................................ 58.50

SOa ................................................. 29. 83

SiO., ................................................ 4.00

AljOs ............................................... 2.00

H2 0 ................................................ 3. 00

.97. 33 

Dr. Gorham : Cleaveland's Min., Vol. I, p. 137.

1823. Barite. .Hatfield ((rorbam), Middlefleld (Eaton). Southampton, 

Leverett, Greenfield copper vein in all lamellar.

E.Hitchcock : Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jonr. Sci., 1st series, A^ol. VI. p. 211.

1827. Barite. Leverett.

Vein in granite 1 mile northwest of meetinghouse on land of Mr. Field ; 

1-j- miles south on an eminence of granite; Hatfield, one-half mile west of 

town, vein in sieuite; Willianisbnrg, east part; Whately.

A. Nash: Load mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 249.

1832. Barite.

"I have been in the habit for several years of having various articles 

in the laboratory covered with it, and it answers a good purpose. Mixed 

with boiled linseed oil and lampblack, it is superior t'o anything I have 

found for labeling glass bottles in the laboratory."

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXII, p. 48.

1841. Baryta. Southampton, Leverett.

Abundant in granite, in Areins. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 700.

1885. Barite.

Other localities of barite are many small veins in granite in field north 

of South Leverett lead mine, and at the railroad cutting south of the 

crossing east of the same mine.

1885. Crystallized quartz. Quartz pseudomorpli after barite. jtfor-. 

wicli (Huntington).

The specimens labeled crystallized quartz, XIX 204-209, in the State 

geological collection now at Amherst College, from Angel's mine, are 

pseudomorphs in plates 1 to 3 inches square.

1885. Barite. Titan's Piazza, Mount Holyoke.

Members of the class of '85 of Amherst College found quartz pseudomorphs after barite in mnch fissured atnygdaloidal rock from the upper 

portion of the great diabase sheet, in masses fallen from the cliff's above 

Titan's Piazza. The barite had coated the fissures on both surfaces with 

a drusy layer about 3 mm. thick, made up of tabular crystals 1.5 mm. 

across. The cavity was then' filled with slightly amethystine radiating 

quartz, and later the barite was itself replaced by quartz. The crystals 

are tabular 0 P (001), Fob (101), P ob (Oil). The rough faces gave ouly 

approximate measurements: 0 P A P 66 51°-53°, calculated 52° 43'; OP 

A P do 57°, calculated 58° 10'. 

Bull. 126 3
34 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL 126.

18SC. Barite. Northampton.

At granite quarry, south of W. N. Moore's, east of Florence, (1) in broad, 

large, and extremely thin crystals; pseudoinorphs of quartz after barite; 

(2) in thicker incrustation pseudomorphs, also quartz after barite; and (3) 

compact barite, filling fissures 10 to 20 mm. wide.

1878. Barite. Florence, Northampton.

In veins in granite at the bridge and dam south of the brush factory.

1892. Barite. Northampton.

Larrabee's quarry in diabase on the Connecticut River Railroad above 

Holy ok e.

Tho calcite filling fissures contains cavities from which thin tabular 

crystals oT barite au inch square have been removed.

BASTITE. 

1821. Talc. Russell.

A dark-colored serpentine containing scales of talc. Specimen sent by 

Dr. William Atwater. 

Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. Ill, p. 238.

1824. Metalloidal diallage (?). Middlefield.

In serpentine.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 49.

1825. Schiller spar. Bland ford.

In serpentine, associated with anthophyllite. Shining folia olive to 

black. (The anthophyllite is enstatite.) 

C.U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 608.

1832. Green talc. Russell.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 30.

1832. Kerolite. Blandford.

A leek-green aud blackish-green variety in curved and stellular lainhue 

engaged in schiller spar.

SiO*.............................................. 40.0

MgO.............................................. 41.4

CaO .............................................. 0.932

FeO .............................................. 2.70

Ha'O.............................................. 15.67

100.702 

C. U. Shepard: Min.,Vol. I, Part II, p. 292.

1835. Schiller spar (?). Blandford.

Bowlders in the eastern part of Blandford, of a peculiar green serpentine, contain talc and schiller spar. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 369.

1835. Schiller spar. Blandford.

C.U. Shepard: Miu., Vol. II, Part II,p. 177.

1841. Schiller spar.

" The dark-green schiller spar found in serpentine in Blandford, Westfield, Russell, occurs in foliated masses." 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 618.
EMERSON.J A MINEftALOGICAL LEXICON. 35 

1841. Schiller spar.

The serpentine, as well as the schiller spar, is almost black, while the 

talc is green and somewhat brittle. Occurs only in Jjlaudford, Russell, 

and Westfield.

Ibid., 1841, p. 615.

1844. Schiller spar. Blandford and Westfield.

F. Alger: Phillips, Min.,p. 95.

1852. Marmolite. Blandford.

Dark-green variety. ,, t , 

C. U. Shepard: Min., Vol. I, Part II, p. 292.

1871. Bastite. Eussell.

Optical axial angle 30°.

G. Tschermak: Uober Pyroxene und Amphibole; Tschermak's mineral. 

Mittheil., Vol. I, p. 20 (4).

1876. Serpentine. Variety, marmoline. Russell, Blandford.

[Schiller spar not mentioned.]

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3.

1876. Phaestine. Pelham.

On labels by Professor Shepard in Shepard collection, Amherst College. 

' It is altered bronzite in black chrysolite rock from the asbestos mine.

1885. Bastite. Eussell.

The blackish portions of the Russell serpentine from Atwater's quarry 

are in part still enstatite, in part are optically bastite, colored black by 

magnetite, and the latter portions do not differ from the leek-green plates 

first called marmolite by Shepard, except in the presence of disseminated 

magnetite in the former and its absence in the latter.

BERYL. 

1813. Emerald. Chesterfield.

Dr. J. F. Waterhonse says crystals in hexagonal prisms, from an ounce 

and under up to 6 pounds, are found in granite. They occur up to a foot 

in diameter; color, light-green. He got 70 pounds.

Dr. Brace: Brace's Jour., Vol. 1, p. 264.

1813. Emerald. Vicinity of Northampton and Goshen.

" Found by that indefatigable mineralogist, Dr. David Hunt." 

Ibid,

1819. Emerald. Chesterfield.

Crystals 3 to 5 inches long and 3£ inches in diameter; summit, a plane 

without additional facets, is perfect.

Col. G. Gibbs: On tourmalines, etc., at Chesterfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st 

series, Vol. I, p. 348.

1819. Emerald. Goshen.

Beautiful pale-rose, rather more transparent than the emerald.

Ibid., p. 351.

(This is the first mention of the " goshenite.")

1822. Beryl. Chesterfield.

Up to 1 foot in diameter, usually light-green (Bruce's Min. Jour.) 

Goshen. Two rosercolored emeralds are now in the cabinet of Colonel 

Gibbs; perfect crystals 1 to 1^ inches in length, 1 to 1£ inches in diameter, 

one truncated on lateral edges. (Gibbs.)

Cleavelaud: Min., p. 344.
36 A MTNERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1823. Beryl. Chesterfield and Goshen (Gibbs).

At Chesterfield, the crystals are sometimes from 9 to 12 inches in diameter. At Goshen some are rose-colored.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River;. Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI. 

' p. 222.

1824. Beryl. Near Goshen Center.

Found with white augite on north road from Goshen Center, more than 

1 inch in diameter. 

Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 30. 

(The "white augite" is spoduinene.)

1824. Beryl. Norwich, Chester.

One-half mile west from Pitchers Bridge, Norwich (now Huntingtou), 

near mass of white rocks to he seen from the bridge; one crystal 5 inches 

in diameter and crossed by another a,t 45°.

Chester, in aggregate of carbonate of lime, chlorite, and feldspar. Yellowish-green to white.

E. Emmons: Mm. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 254.

(The second citation is problematical. This aggregate occurs at the 

emery mine associated with long, yellowish-green prisms of epidote.)

1824. Beryl.

Six-sided prisms and amorphous. Often fine, delicate green; up to 5 

inches in diameter. In granite in Chester and Norwich (Eminons). Also 

in similar and larger crystals iu Worthington, sometimes whitish.

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 43.

1825 Topaz (?). Goshen.

"Portion of a crystal nearly an inch in diameter, perfectly limpid, 

although when lying in its bed it has a delicate green tinge which is 

occasioned by the greenish crystals of mica which lie around. Fracture 

in one direction straight, in others conchoidal."

E. Hitchcock: Ibid., Vol. IX, p. 180.

(Afterwards called gosheuite.)

1825. Pyrophysalite.

"Dr. Wright, of Gosheu, pointed out to me a mineral at the locality of 

indicolite, etc., which he informed me was denominated by Mr. Nuttall 

the variety of topaz described by mineralogists under the above name. 

Its color is white, tinged with green, and on hot iron it phosphoresces very 

distinctly with a yelloAvish-green light and loses its color. It is opaque, 

or only slightly translucent. It is distinctly crystallized, but from the few 

specimens I obtained I could not determine the form."

E. Hitchcock: Loc. Min., Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 21.

(Afterwards called goshenite.)

1825. Iolite(?). Goshen.

From the Barrus locality. Full description given.

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 395.

1825. Beryl. Norwich (Hunting-ton). In the north part of the town.

In granite, a locality extraordinary for the regularity, transparency, and 

fine green color of the crystals, which occur from one-fourth to 4 inches in 

diameter. One superb crystal found in the earth near by 4£ inches in 

diameter and 6 inches long, with smooth and brilliant faces and rich green 

color.

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 607.

(This crystal was destroyed with the Shepard collection.)
EMBRSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 37,

1827. Beryl. Goshen, Chesterfield.

In granite veins, 2 to 3 inches in diameter and 5 to 6 inches long. 

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 259.

'1828. Beryl. Norwich (now Lluntington).

" Sought location" one-half mile Avest of Pitchers Bridge, near mass of 

white rocks to be seen from the bridge, described in Robinson's Catalogue.

No such white rocks can be seen Avest of the bridge, but a conspicuous, 

protruding mass of granite to the north; in this only one q\> two crystals 

of beryl occurred. It appeared also near the north line of the town.

E. Hitchcock: Miu. Ex.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XIV, p. 219.

1835. Beryl. Chesterfield.

One foot in diameter. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p. 506.

1838. Phenakite. Goshen.

" My first knowledge of the American mineral, which I take to he phenakite, was acquired about fourteen years ago, during a visit to the tourmaline locality in Goshen (on the farm of Mr. Weeks) in company with 

Mr. Nuttall and the late Dr. Hunt, of Northampton. My first impression 

was that it belonged to iolite, an opinion I afterwards changed in favor of 

the species beryl, under which name, I believe, it has generally passed in 

cabinets ever since. It should be remarked, however, that it Avas referred 

by some collectors for a time to topaz." Described.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXXIV, p. 330.

(Afterwards called goshenite.)

1841. Beryl. Pelhaui.

In gneiss in Pelham ; a rather handsome yellow beryl; not abundant. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 638.

1841. Beryl. Gosheu, Chesterfield, Norwich.

"Many localities which yield few and not rich specimens." Several 

places in Goshen.

At the Weeks farm occurs a mineral of a rose color, but usually hyaline, 

which was formerly described as n rose beryl. Professor Shepard has, 

however, more recently described this mineral as the phenakite.

Am. Jour.jSci., 1st series, Vol. XXXIV, p. 330.

Dr. F. Tamnau, of Berlin, Prussia, to Avhom I sent specimens, says that 

" it seems not to be identical with the phenakite from the Ural and from 

Tramout [Framont], and I wish particularly to have more of it for a 

chemical analysis."

Chesterfield and Norwich. Beryls of great size, but poor; Norwich. 

In north west part, very good; in Williamsburg and Worthingtori, quite 

elegant; also Warwick.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 703.

1842. Phenakite. Goshen.

"A new examination of the sp. gr. satisfies me that it is not phenakite; 

sp.gr., 275-276, too low for pheuakite; slightly superior to beryl, also 

slightly harder."

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLIII, p. 366.

1844. Goshenite. Goshen.

C. U. Shepard: Treatise Min., 2d ed., Part I. 

1844. Beryl. (Beryllus liexagonus.} Goshen and Chesterfield.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 393.
38 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1845. Goshenite. Goshen.

"I agree that gosheuite, iu the absence of well-determined crystals, 

rather than for the want of a good analysis (as you suggest), occupies a 

precarious position among my list of sp.ecies."

C. U. Shepard: Reply to critique on mineralogy; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st 

series, Vol. XLV.III, p. 174.

1845. Goshenite. Goshen.

"A crystal of this substance lately obtained by me at the locality shows 

so nearly the angles of beryl as to remove all probability that these minerals can be shown to be crystallographically distinct."

C. U. Shepard: Various miueralogical notices, ibid., p. 176.

1854. Goshenite. Chesterfield.

Analysis proved it to be beryl.

J. W. Mallet: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XVII, p. 180.

1866. Beryl. Northfield.

One mile northeast of village, on land of Simeon Lymau. In vein of 

graphic granite in mica-schist. Abundant crystals up to 10 inches. Pale 

greenish-white; 'tabular, oo P, 0 P.

Also on Northfield Mountain on road to Irving, in southeast corner of 

the town.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 248.

1876. "Berylite. Variety, aquamarine. Chesterfield; rose-colored 

and white. (Goshenin) Goshen."

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College.

In this publication Professor Shepard proposed a new nomenclature. 

The termination in was to be used for varieties not yet established as 

valid, ine for good varieties, ite for species. The system has not been 

adopted.

1877. Beryl. Blandford.

Dark-colored and poor. Field north of church.

1879. Beryl. Chesterfield.

At spodumene location, Barrus farm, near Goshen. Small green crystals 

in coarse masses at Chestertield Hollow.

A. A, Julieu: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts., Vol. I, p. 319. 

1882. Beryl.

Fine crystals have been found by Mr. J. T. Ames, of Chicopee, in the 

granite veins in the Moiisoii quarry.

Mr. W. N. Flint, private communication.

1882. Beryl. Blandford.

A fine crystal 16 inches long and 12 inches in diameter was obtained at 

the feldspar quarry of the Poutoosuc nut mills and presented to the 

Amherst College cabinet by Mr. F. L. Nason.

1882. Beryl. Northfield.

In Brush Mountain at tourmaline locality. Crystals up to 3 inches 

across, bluish, oil-green to colorless; largest 13 inches across, 78 to 80 

pounds; 0 P, oo P. In some the prisms are molded into points at one end 

by intercrystallization with niuscovite. Also found at columbite locality 

at John Moody's and east of gulf road, iu granite. Discovered by Mr. 

M. A. Brown.

Collection of W. E. Webster, Northfield.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 39

1885. Beryl. Hunting-ton, Norwich Hill.

In extensive blasting at the spodumene ledge, done for me by Mr. F. L. 

Nason, only a few small prisms and irregular pieces were found, molded 

among other minerals. Of a reddish-yellow color.

1890. Beryl. GosLen.

Rude crystals more than a foot across, in granite north of the brook 

entering Lily Pond. Discovered by Mr. Alvan Barrus.

1890. Beryl. Goshen.

Two beautiful rose-colored beryls, over an inch across, have been found 

at Gosheu, Mass., and are in the Gibbs cabinet at Yale University. 

George F. Kunz: Gems and precious stones of the United States, p. 92.

BIOT1TE.

1823. Made. Chesterfield.

"According to Mr. Nuttall, the foliated mineral occurring so abundantly

in the mica-slate iu Chesterfield, etc., being usually inserted in small' 

bronze-colored plates nearly at right angles to the bedding, maybe made." 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 227.

1824. Black mica. Pelham.

Fine specimens.

C. U. Shepard: Min. Loc., ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 235.

1838. Black mica. Brimfield.

Six-sided tables with iolite, good; 1* miles northeast of village, on 

Warren road, near Samuel Patrick's. 

J.W.Foster: Ibid., Vol. XXXIII, p. 400.

1841. Mica.

Described as a constituent of "spangled mica-slate," with expression of 

uncertainty as to its nature. Small bronze plates at right angles to 

bedding; brittle and inelastic.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 594.

1852. Ottrelite. Near Goshen.

Abundant.

C.U. Shepard: Min., p. 161. "* ' " 

(This is the biotite forming the spangles of the "spangled mica slate.")

186G. Astrophyllite. Northfield.

" Black-lead mine," on land of Mr. Piper. 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series', Vol. XLII, p. 248. 

(It is not cited in Shepard's Catalogue of Minerals of 1876, and is 

biotite. See 1886. Graphite, under GRAPHITE.)

1866. Biotite. Chester.

"I examined a specimen of the dark-green micaceous iiiineral which I 

took to be chlorite (the coruudophyllite of Shepard), and from its purity 

expeeted to ge-t a very accurate idea of its composition, but iu the very 

commencement of the investigation it was found to be well-characterized 

biotite." Occurs on surface of indianite (Shepard) in small, thin, micaceous crystals perpendicular to surface; dark greeu.
4l) A MINEKALOGICAL LEXICON. [BCLL.126.

1866. Biotite Continued.

Analysis.

SiOi................................................ 39.08.

Ala03 ............................................... 15.38

MgO................................................ 23.58

Feb..............................'............-...-- 7.12

MuO................................................ 0.31

K,0 ................................................ 7.50

NaaO ............................................... 2.63

H2O ................................................ 2.24

Fl.........................................;........ 0.76

98.60

J. L. Smith: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 91. This is the 

"fringe rock" inica afterward named euchlorite b . Shepard.

1868. Phyllite (Ottrelite). Goshen, Plaiufield, Chesterfield.

Dana, Miu., p. 506.

1870. Corundophyllite. Pelham.

Inclosing corundum, at the asbestos mine.

J. H. Adams, class of ;70, Arnherst College. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, 

Vol. XLIX, p. 271.

(This is biotite, and is optically negative, with decided biaxial ehaiv 

acter.)

1876. Euchlorite (Shepard). Chester.

Occurs in 'a layer several inches thick on both sides of an extensive 

vein of albite (should be oligoclase) 6 to 12 inches thick "fringe rock." 

Description given.

Analysis. 

SiO4 ...... .................................. 35.51 to 38.46

FeO ................................................ 15.52

AlaOj............................................... 6.80

HO................................................. 6.10

MgO (dif.}.'........................................ 38.07 '

100.00

C.U.Shepard: Co'ntrib. to Min., p. 2 (sep.pub.). 

1876. Ripidolite (Clinochlore). Pelham.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Ainherst College, p. 4. 

(Refers to the above citation.)

1876. Euchlorite (Shepard). Chester.

Urfseul axe ne'gatif conime les biotites. Cette composition e"tantcelle 

d'uii mica magu<5sien'couimo la biotite du Vdsuve; 1'euchlorite de M. 

Shepard n'est point une espece particuliere, mais une simple vari6t6 de 

mica.

Analysis. 

SiOj................................................ 39.55

FeO ................................... ............ 7.80

AL03 .......................................-....:... 15.95

MgO ............................................... 22. 25

. Alkali .............................................. 10.35

H,O(los;s)........................................... 4.10

100.00 

M. F. Pisani: Comptes Reudus, Vol. LXXXIII, p. 166.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 41

187G. Biotite.

Great sheets, larger than one's hand, of jot-black shining hiotite occur 

in coarse granitoid portions of the gneiss of the Monsou quarry.

1876. Ottrelite. Chesterfield.

A slide of the " spangled mica-schist" is included in the series of slides 

to illustrate rock-forming minerals, sold by Prof. A. A. Julien and labeled 

ottrelite. »

1887. Biotite. Goslien,

The so-called ottrelite or phyllite of the spangled mica-schist is optically 

nniaxial, negative, has the brown absorption colors, and all the properties 

of biotite. It occurs abundantly in the ''calciferous mica-schist" (the 

Conway schists) and in the Devonian schists at Bernardston in small, 

elongate crystals set transversely to the foliation, as a result of later pressure. It shows abundant gliding planes from pressure, and is inelastic 

only when weathered. It is loaded with coaly matter and other impurities in the center and is free from inclusions in the outer portion.

1891. Biotite. Bucklaiid,

In fine, large crystals in coarse granite south of Harris's soapstoue quarry.

1892. Biotite. Pelham.

The wide fringe of deep bronze-colored biotite in aggregated scales surrounding the mass of olivine rock at the asbestos mine is discussed in the 

monograph on the area.

1892. Phyllite (under Ottrelite). "Goshen, Chesterfield, Plainfield, 

etc."

The mica of the spangled mica-schist is still retained in this relation, 

and reference is made to the fact that Wolff has found a similar mica in 

the Hoosac schists to be in part iliuenite.

E. S. Dana: A System of Mineralogy, p. 642.

1895. Biotite. Goslien.

The following analysis was made on material carefully selected by me 

from a typical specimen of the "spangled mica-schist" from the northern 

pSrt of Goshen. The analysis was made in the laboratory of the Survey 

by Mr. George Steiger. The water determination was made by Dr. Arthur 

J. Hopkins, of Amherst College.

SiOa....... ........................................ -36.96

TiO,............................................... .91

Mi03 .................... .......................... 21.15

Fe..O3 .............................................. 2.80

FeO............................................... *15.54

CaO............................................... .23

MgO .............................................. 7.87

KaO ............................................... 7.47

Na^O .............................................. 1.00

H.;0 ............................................... 2.93

96.86

' Determination unsatisfactory, owing to thu large amount of insoluble residue.
42 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

BITUMINOUS COAL. 

1835. Bituminous coal. Sunder!ami, South HadJey,West Springfield.

In coarse, gray, micaceous sandstone and in bituminous shale and 

" marlite." The question of finding coal in workable quantity is discussed 

at length. ^

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., pp. 43,227.

1841. Bituminous coal. Sunderland, at Whitmores Ferry. In the 

north part of South Hadley.

On the north bank of the AVestfield Eiver, in West Springfield, at "Mitneag" (now Mitaneague) Falls. It occurs iu the form of small and irregular veins, the coal also being filled with numerous thin Areins and crystallizations of calcareous spar.

Analysis.

Volatile matter (water and bitumen; ............... 22.00

Carbon .....................'....................... 77. 97

Earthy residuum................................... 0.03

100.00 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 138.

BOBNITE. 

1823. Variegated pyritous copper. Montague.

Sparingly disseminated iu calcareous spar in sandstone of the coal 

formation. Island at Turners Falls.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn..River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 231.

1825. Purple copper. Chesterfield.

With green feldspar.

C. U. Shepard: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 48.

1841. Variegated copper ore. Chesterfield.

Is said to have been found iu the Chesterfield granite. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 704. 

1891. Bornite. Charlemont.

Back of S. G. Turner's house in chlorite-schist, disseminated in grains as 

large as a pea. (Hawley.)

Near C. Colby's house. Large grains, an inch across, surrounded by 

malachite. One specimen in.cubes. In quartz veins in chlorite-schist. A 

pit has been dug, and the ore is said to assay $6 per ton gold, $2.50 silver.

BEEUNKERITE. 

1844. Breunnerite. See Dolomite.

BEOOKITE. 

1865. Brookite. Chester.

"Rarely attends diaspore and corundophyllite."

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 123.

1865. Brookite. Chester.

A few crystals with diaspore.

C. U. Shepard: Report of Chester Emery Mine, p. 12.
EMKHSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 43

1866. Rutile, or Brookite.

With diaspore. "Professor Shepard thinks he has sufficient evidence 

to pronounce it. brookite."

J. L. Smith: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 92.

1804. Brookite.

I have examined the best collections of Chester minerals, but have never 

seen brookite among them. The crystals studied by Shepard were 

destroyed in the burning of his collection at Ainherst.

CALOITE. 

1810. Carbonate of lime. Southampton lead mine.

B. Silliman: Bruce's Min. Mag., Vol. I, p. 64.

1818. Carbonate of lime. Southampton lead mine.

Yellowish crystals.

A. Eaton: Southampton adit; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 137.

1818. Laminated calcareous spar. Deerfield, east of academy.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield., ibid., Vol. I, p. 115.

1823. Calcareous spar. Chester.

Beautifully crystallized (Emuious).

J. Porter: Min. Loc., ibid., Vol. VI, p. 246.

1823. Calcareous spar. Southampton.

"A dodecahedron (hog-toothed spar). A short six-sided prism terminated by three-sided pyramid; same prism with all solid angles truncated."

Deerfield and Greenfield, in greenstone; Leyden and Couway, rhombs in 

coarse limestone.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn., ibid., p. 211.

1823. Satin spar.

"In bituminous shale with ichthyolites at Sunderland." 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci.,1st series, Vol. VI, p. 

236.

1823. Argentine. Southampton lead mine.

" Undulated, not parallel laminae, of a pearly shining luster, often of a 

beautiful silvery white. Sometimes it is in thin plates which intersect 

and form small cells, containing crystals of calcareous spar. It occurs on 

very compact granite, and is also associated with fetid quartz. Is pure 

CaOCOj."

Analysis.

COa-................................................ 41.00

CaO ................................................ 54.00

SiOa................................................. 3.25

MgO.FeO........................................... .75

99.00 

Professor Dewey: Ibid., p. 333.

1824. Carbonate of lime. Chester.

With chabasie and stilbite, 1 mile east of meetinghouse.

Six-sided tables, flat tables, six-sided prisms.'

E. Emmons: Min. Loc., Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 255.
44 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1824. Argentine. Southampton.

The argeutine from the Southampton mine occurs also grayish; it is 

beautifully phosphorescent on hot iron; the light a bright and strong 

yellow.

The mineral has been found in abundance at Williamsburg in considerable mass.es. Of a beautiful pearly luster aud laminated.

Professor Dewey : Additional notices of argentine, ibid., p. 248.

1824. Calcite. Chester.

Crystals in mica-slate, six-sided, table truncated in all its angles, terminated by planes; lenticular from deep truncation of above six-sided 

prisms and six-sided pyramid. Hexahedral prism so'truncated in alternate planes of extremities as to form pentagonal sides terminated by 

three pentagonal faces. Granular, highly crystalline. In layers in micaschist, (Emmous.)

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 32.

1824, Fibrous limestone. West Springfield.

Fibrous in tine red sandstone. 

E.Emmons: Ibid., p. 34.

1824. Argentine.

That at Williamsburg decrepitates. 

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire, ibid., p. 34.

1825. Fibrous limestone (satin spar). West Springfield.

Falls of Agawam River, forming perpendicular veins one-fourth to onehalf inch thick in red sandstone slate. Calcareous spar in Areins in greenstone, and sometimes embedded in amethyst.

Emerson Davis: Min.Not.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 252.

1825. Pisolite(?). In large quantity on Chicopee Eiver, Springfield.

Robinson's Cat., p. 71.

1825. Argentine. Williamsburg.

"We have recently discovered the locality of argentine. It occurs in 

largo masses of a superior quality. I think some pure masses will weigh 

tons."

Letter of Mr. Morris Dwight: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 176.

1827. Argentine. Northampton.

Northwest corner of Northampton, passing into Williamsburg, near 

galena vein. With calcite and fluor pseudomorphs. 

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County, ibid., Vol. XII, p. 257.

1835. Argentine. Westhamptou (northeast part, not Williamsburg).

Attached to south end of mass of granite are fragments of mica-slate 

and niicaceous limestone much contorted. Part of latter changed into 

argentine by the action of the granite.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 307.

1835. Fibrous limestone.

In new red sandstone. Fibrous, up to 1 inch thick, in shale on Westfield River in West Springfield, and at Suuderlaud. Stalactites at Sunderlaud Cave, on east of Mount Toby, several inches thick.

Ibid., p. 231.

1835. Carbonate of lime. Southampton lead mine.

In distinct crystals; a dodecahedron composed of two six-sided pyramids; a short six-sided prism acuminated by three faces; also some with 

solid angles of prism truncated; delicate straw-yellow.

Ibid., p. 502. .
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 45

1844. Calcareous spar. (GalcialuS' rhombohedrus.) (Argentine.) Williamsburg, Southampton.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min.,p.246.

1882. Calcite. Deerfield.

Of fhe minerals which succeed to the prehnite, calcite and datolite are 

the most important and most abundant, and generally replace each other 

in different .veins. In some a large development of calcite occurs with 

much axiuite; in others an equally large development of datolite.

Excepting quartz, all the minerals enumerated above as inclosures in 

prehuite occur as inclosures in the calcite which follows it, and when 

pieces where the latter is abundantly developed are thrown in acid 

and the calcite nearly dissolved a'way, specimens of great beauty are 

obtained, the delicate frostwork of phenite, chalcopyrite, epidote, and the 

black stout axinites being set off against the brilliant luster of the etched 

calcite, the whole being sprinkled over with minute pale-green doclecahedra of fluor. It occurs abundantly in distinct crystals and drnsy surfaces over the prehuite; f R small with rounded edges; lfi bristling over

large surfaces; ^R*, OR, 4 R oo R, R3 , with curved and striated faces; R1 * 

with deeply striated faces and often distorted; R7 , | Rs the first striated 

parallel to £R, and the former either acuminate or truncated by a single 

face of R. Other delicately suspended forms -had at one end a single 

broad face of R and rose in a group of sharp scnlenohedra at the other end. 

Everywhere the crystals were small and. affected the most elongate forms 

with rounded edges and rounded, striated, and distorted faces, as if to 

imitate as closely as possible the prehnito with which they were associated, while on the datolite the forms 2 R or 2 R, R invariably appear in 

large perfectly transparent crystals up to 18 mm. in length, and with a 

luster equal to that of the datolite itself.

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield dike and its minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 

3d series, Vol. XXIV, p. 352.

1882. Calcite. Northampton.

Haifa mile below Smith's Ferry, in trap tnff.

Large cavities filled with a fiuo white crystallization in scalenohedra 

(R3 , R) 15 mm. long.

The same forms occur also in Delaney's quarry farther south, near the 

north line of Holyoke.

1886. Argentine. Northampton.

In granite on road from Leeds to Haydenville.

1886. Argentine. Northampton, at quarry south of W. N. Moore's, 

east of Florence.

Quartz pseudomorph after argentine.

1887. Calcite. Southampton lead mine.

On quartz; R3 and R, R3, with rounded faces; wine-colored crystals 

12 mm. long. Also in large white opaque cleavage faces.

Hatfield lead mine R:! twinned on 0. Three-fourths inch long, opaque 

white, R with edges beveled by R3 1 inch across. Is the oldest mineral in 

the vein at botfh.mines.

1889. Calcite. Bardwells Ferry.

West side of river in cut of canal railroad. South side of river, 150 rods 

west of Bardwells Station. 

R3, twinned, parallel to 0, 1 inch long.
46 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON IBOLL. wo.

1889. Calcite after salt. West Springfield.

In black, shaly sandstone above dam on the Westfield River, west of the 

town.

Hopper-shaped cubes of salt, one-half to three-fourths of an inch across, 

which had been enveloped in the biack shale, have been replaced by finegrained white calcite, and show on surface in white crosses, squares, and 

triangles. Have'been called chiastolite, octahedrite, and spinel.

Specimen kindly given by Mr. J. S. Diller. The full history of this 

interesting pseudomnrph is given under Salt.

1890. Calcite. Loudville, Southampton, lead mine.

Now altered into limonite; oo P, $ R; 5 mm. long. On quartz.

1890 Satin spar. Obicopee.

Fine, fibrous calcite, in broad veins, in new red sandstone, below dam 

near mouth of Chicopee River.'

Analysis by C. L. Uptou, class of 1891, Amherst College: 

CO*................... ............................... 42.26

CaO ................................................ 53.59

Fea03 --...-.'........................................... 1.30

MgO.... .....................................'..;.... 1,25

Insoluble ........................................... 1.15

99. 55 

Sp.gr............................................... 2.°73

1890. Concretions. >

Irregular concretions, septaria, occur in abundance in the upper shales 

of the Trias about Springfield and Chicopee.

Very regular and varied forms occur abundantly in the Champlain 

clays, especially in the banks of the river in Hadley and Montague.

1891. Calcite. Chester. Emery mine.

Form R; also same twinned parallel to ^ R on magnetite.

1891. Tufaceous incrustation from tube of artesian well at South 

Hadley.

Analysis by C. L. Uptoii:

CO*.---.---...-...-..-......-.'.-.......-............ 38.21

CaO ................................................ 46. 79

MgO................................................. 5.46

Fe,O3 ............................................... .80

Insoluble ........................................... 5.51

96.77 

CASSITERITE.

1825. pyramidal tin ore. Chesterfield.

Mohs. Min., Vol. II, p. 387. Haldiuger's ed., Edinburgh.

1829. Oxide of tin. Gosheu.

Atthe tourmaline locality a single hemitropic octahedron weighing about 

50 grains.

E. Hitchcock: Tin in Massachusetts; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series Vol. XVI, 

p. 188.
EMBBSON.J A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 47

1832. Tin. Gosh en.

" I am able to say with perfect confidence that this interesting mineral 

exists in Massachusetts, but can add little more. I found only a single 

crystal of its oxide, weighing 50 grains. But this I myself dug from a 

block of granite iu the northeast [northwest] part of Gosheu, and on 

reducing it to metallic tin it corresponds in every respect with that metal 

from England. I have never been able to find any more specimens."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; Am. Jour. Sci., let series, Vol. XXII, p. 62.

1835. Oxide of tin. Goshen.

"The single crystal was an octahedron with square base, though the 

measurement of several angles did not agree with those given in the 

books."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 509.

1841. Oxide of tin. Goshen, northwest part.

"In the sixteenth volume of the American Journal of Science I have 

given a particular account of the single crystal of oxide of tin which I 

found several years ago at the well-known locality of several interesting

minerals in the northwestern part of Goshen; octahedron with square

base. It occurs also iu the granite of Chesterfield." 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p.706.

1843. Oxide of tin. Chesterfield.

Stated to exist in Chesterfield (in Haldinger's edition of Mohs) in ' ' small 

groups of black twin crystals," and in Dana's description. An analysis 

(by Haves) here first given : Crystals P, oo P oo no twins.

J. E. Tesch|piiiclier: Description of the oxydo of tin at the tourmaline 

locality, Chesterfield; Trans. Assoc. Am. Geol., Vol. I, p. 296.

1862. Cassiterite.

Now frequently found in the granite of the adjoining towns of Goshen 

and Norwich (Huntingdon). 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XXXVII, p. 407.

1882. Cassiterite.

I have seen very fine crystals from Chesterfield (25 mm. long, wedged in 

interstices of tourmaline) in W.E. Webster's collection at Northfield, and 

fine specimens are preserved iu the Shepard collection in Aniherst College.

OELEST1TE.

1835. Sulphate of strontia. West Springfield.

Radiated, on fetid Triassic limestone in West Springfield. Sp. gr. 4. 

In blowpipe test melts and tinges flame red. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 232.

1858. Celestine. Holyoke. Meacham's quarry.

In Triassic sandstone.

E. Hitchcock: Catalogue of State Museum in Rep. of State Board of 

Agriculture, App., part xx, No. 107.

CEKUSSITE.

1823. Carbonate of lead. Iu cavities of- the matrix of the lead mine 

at Southampton.

White, mixed with yellow; decrepitates and yields lead. It occurs 

crystallized as follows: Two six-sided pyramids, united at their bases and 

deeply truncated at their apices, 14 faces; six-sided prisrn, terminated by 

four-sided pyramids, 2 of the faces enlarged, 14 faces; tabular prisms 

with bevelment on the edges. These tables frequently cross each other!

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 234.
48 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1825. Carbonate of lead. Loudville mine, Southampton.

Crystallized in right rhombic prisms; green carbonaceous from infiltrated malachite. Earthy, carbonaceous, reddish-brown, massive, and disseminated.

C.U. Shepard: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 249.

1835. Carbonate of lead. Southampton.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 507.

1841. Carbonate of lead. Southampton.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., Final Eep., p. 705.

1885. Cerussite. Manhan Jead mine, Loudville.

A cavity in quartz 5 cm. across, formerly filled by calcite the quartz 

having penetrated the cleavage of the calcite on enveloping it is lined by 

fine crystals 5 mm. long, which strikingly resemble quartz crystals in the 

development of their faces; they have adamantine luster, translucent, 

and are pale topaz color; on them rest two larger crystals of a later generation, 23uim. long, exteriorly colored like the others, interiorly flesh 

colored, verging on pink. Also beautiful six-rayed penetration twins 

occur, as in fig. 599 of Dana's Treatise on Mineralogy.

The smaller crystals mentioned above have the form P, oo P, 0 P, penetration twins of two individuals; the larger oo P dt>, ^ P do, P, oo P 3; the 

domes horizontally striated and curving into each other.

The specimen is in the Clark collection of Smith College.

1892. Cerussite. Leverett, Hatfield.

Occurs rarely in the baryta veins on quartz a'ft galena, forms P (111), 

2 P 66 (021), and stellate twins.

CHABASITE. 

1818. Chabasie. Deerfield.

Considerably abundant crystals up to one-fourth inch occur in veins of 

greenstone, both in geodes, on balls of zeolite, on chalcedony, and on lamellar quartz.

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1823. Chabasie. In cuboidal crystals at Chester (Einmons).

J. Porter: Loc. Min., ibid., Vol. VI, p. 248.

1823. Chabasie. Deerfield.

"Hundreds of specimens have been obtained at this place. To procure 

them, however, requires much labor." 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Kiver, ibid., Vol. VI, p. 224.

1824. Chabasie. Chester.

Cuboidal crystals one-fourth inch across. Straw-yellow and Avhite; 

fissures c*nd veins in mica slate 1 mile east of meetinghouse in Chester. 

E. Eminons: Min. Loc., ibid., Vol. VII, p. 254.

1844. Chabazite. (Ghdbazius rhombohedrus.} Chester. 

J. D. Dana:- Sys. Min., p. 340.

1882. Chabazite. Middlefield.

On arenaceous, black ruica-schist; coating surface with wine-yellow 

rhombohedrons one-eighth inch across.

1882. Chabasite. (Haydenite.) Chester.

Crystals all simple, beautifully striated and aggregated, intergrown with 

stilbite on dark-gray mica-scliist, three-sixteenths of an inch across. The 

finest specimens were destroyed in the burning of the Shepard collection.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 49 

1882. Chabazite. Cheapside, Deerfleld.

At Cheapside it occurs iu small, pellucid rhombohedra with delicately 

striated faces. Crystals 1 mm. in lengtli. It rests always upon the trap, 

aud never upon the heulaudite with which it is associated, though when 

they come iu contact the latter penetrates the chabazite and is the older 

mineral.

Farther southeast of Old Deerfield it occurs in the same association. 

Most of the specimens agree in all respects with those already described, 

hut are whitened and opaque from incipient decomposition. Rarely much 

larger crystals occur, which are 6 to 8 mm. in length. These are quite 

fresh, the faces of good luster, but faceted in a very intricate manner, 

indicating that the twinning by which the apparent rboinbohedra are 

built up has readied here an unusual complexity. The crystals are commonly twinned on 0, and in three cases very perfect twins, composition 

face K, occur, both halves being developed to perfect rhombohedr;i.. In a 

single instance the apex of a crystal is replaced by three large, deeply 

striated faces of «'i flatter rhombohodron, apparently \ R. Tliostriie run 

' parallel to the combination edge of R and \ R, and are plainly formed by 

the oscillatory combination of \ R and 0. The character of the face did not 

allow accurate measurement. In thin fissures it in crusts broad areas, producing a tessellated surface made up of a great number of flattened crystals 

showing each a single face of R, the adjacent ones being in twin position 

. and the whole reflecting the light together like a single face of a very 

large crystal.

B.K.Emerson: The Deerfield dyke aud its minerals; Am. Jour. Sui., 3d 

series. Vol. XXIV, p. 359.

1887. Chabazite. Monsou. Flint's quarry, north end.

On horizontal joint surfaces on horubleudic gneiss bands in the biotite 

gneiss; broad surfaces of minute, aggregated, colorless rhombohedra, 

1 mm. across, followed by stilbite.

1890. Chabazite. Greenfield.

Occurs in small colorless rhombohedra at the quarry opened in the west 

bluff of the trap for road material. It is just below the lookout on the 

crest of the range.

1891. Chabazite. West Northfield. Wood road west of E. L. Hoiton's.

On fissures of Beruardston (Devonian) mica-schist. Broad, thin squares 

one-half inch across, formed by the development of rhombohedra in a narrow space; striated; buff color from decomposition.

1891. Chabazite. Buckland.

In large, colorless'rhouibohedra in fissures in biotite gneiss, at the quarry 

on the railroad near Shelbnrne Falls.

1892. Chabazite. Chester. In amygdaloid.

E. S. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 592. Should be " iu mica-schist." 

CHALCOCITE.

1887. Chalcocite. Southampton lead mine.

In large masses; rare; surrounding chalcopyrite in layers 8 to 10 mm. 

thick, and itself surrounded by chrysocolla.

1888. Harrisite. Manhaii lead mine, Loudville.

In thick black coating, having when thin a blue tarnish, on galena. 

Both the above in the Clark collection in Smith College.

Bull. 126 4
50 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [HOI*. 128.

CHALCOPYEITE. 

1810. Copper pyrites. Loudville.

B. Silliman: Bruce's Jour., Vol. I, p. 68.

1818. Copper pyrites. Greenfield. Banks of Connecticut Eiver.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115.

1823. Pyritous copper. Southampton, Leverett, Deerfield, Green - 

field.

"At Leverett lead mine, amorphous. At Deerfield and Greenfield, in 

veins in greenstone and sandstone.

"At Southampton lead mine, where it occurs amorphous and crystallized 

in regular tetrahedrons, which are insulated on calcareous spar. For the 

specimens containing these crystals I am indebted to Dr. David Hunt."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 231.

1826. Pyritous copper. Westfield.

"In bituminous marlite."

E. Davis: Rocks and minerals of Westfield, ibid., Vol. X, p. 215.

1832. Pyritous copper. Montague. On southern island at Turners 

Falls.

Rich, and in considerable quantity.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 62; also Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. 

XXII, p. 61.

1832. Pyritous copper. Leverett, Southampton.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 507.

1838. Sulphuret of copper. Eussell,- farm of J. Gould.

In vein with blende and galena.

E. Hitchcock: Econ. Geol. Mass., p. 127. 

1841. Pyritous copper. Greenfield.

"One vein on bank of Connecticut River, 100 rods below mouth of Fall 

River, the other a mile lower down; both several feet wide; in trap and 

sandstone; gangue, sulph-baryta and toadstone; green carbonaceous and 

pyritons copper.

On the south island at Turners Falls a vein of pyritous copper of rich 

quality and in considerable quantity. Indeed, several varieties of the 

sandstone rocks there seem to be impregnated with copper."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 203.

1865. Chalcopyrite. Chester emery mine.

Few grains in margarite; upon joints of gneiss near the vein, with 

malachite. 

C. U. Shepard: Report Chester emery mine, p. 12.

1882. Chalcopyrite. Greenfield, Cheapside, Gill.

Occurs disseminated in particles in the trap, in the prehnite, and in the 

calcite above (the latter rarely in tetrahedra up to 2 mm. in length), in 

cavities in the prehnite, and in minute, fresh-looking striated tetrahedra in 

calcite. Also on botryoidal diabautite and in the " chlorophjeite " in Gill.

B. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 350.

1883. Chalcopyrite. Turners Falls. Island in river.

There was a very fine rich specimen in the Shepard collection, destroyed 

by fire in 1883.

1888. Chalcopyrite. Davis, Eowe.

Shipped as an ore from the Davia mine, disseminated in pyrite. Min. 

Resources of U. S. for 1887, p. 742.
RMERSON.] A M1NERALOGICAL LEXICON. 51

CHIASTOLITE.

See Andalusite.

CHLOEITE. 

See Prochlorite.

CHLOBITOID. 

1865. Masonite (the variety near to ottrelite). Chester.

Is abundant at many places in the emery vein on the North Mountain. 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 123.

1865. Ottrelite (masonite, cliloritoid). Chester emery mine.

Belongs to the same group as inargarite. In disseminated scales of a 

dark, blackish-green color, whose breadth is rarely more than Due-fourth 

of an inch. They present considerable resemblance to mica, but when 

seen on weathered surfaces of the veins or on open joints of the rock are 

easily distinguished by their greater hardness and want of elasticity. It 

is chiefly confined to the stony emery, i. e., the chloritoidal rock or substance of the vein. Over 20 per cent FeO, 6 per cent H2 0. It stands in 

relation to mica somewhat as emery does to corundum.

C.U. Shepard: Report Chester emery mine, p. 10.

1876. Chloritoidite. Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Miu. within 75 miles of Arnherst College, p. 4.

The biotite in transverse plates in the spangled mica-schist has often 

been called ottrelite (phyllite, Thomson, in Dana's Mineralogy). See citations under Biotite.

CHLOKOPHJMTE. .

1825. Chlorophaeite. (J. W. Webster.)

Additions to the cabinet of minerals at Cambridge presented by Rev. 

Mr. Hitchcock; greenstone containing rounded nodules of a dark-green 

color, which on examination I find to be chlorophteite.

J. W. W.: Bost. Jour. Phil., Vol. Ill, p. 610.

1826. Chlorophaeite. Turner's Palls, Gill.

"Trap rocks about Turner's Falls, in Gill. (Determined by J. W. Webster.) Is in radiating masses, pea to bullet size, several frequently united. 

Sometimes cavities partly tilled with calcite. Newly broken yellowishgreen or dark bottle-green, sometimes semitrausparent; darkens on exposure; this is obvious in one-half hour in sunlight; in a few hours is nearly 

black, and then radiated structure becomes less and less distinct and in 

some black specimens is scarcely to be discerned; at surface all nodules are 

changed to black, dark-green, or the dull muddy-green of steatite, and the 

same an inch or more into the rock. Some specimens are of dark-cinnamon color, others long exposed become covered with a rusty powder; it is 

so soft as easily to be scratched by the finger nail. Occurs 80 rods below 

the falls on the north side, and 20 to 30 rods above the mouth of Fall 

River. To be distinguished from chlorite (delessite), which is in folia. 

The chlorophteite is in minute acicular needles." 

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 393.

1835. Chlorophaeite.

" It appears to be decomposed mesotype." 

C. U. Shepard: Miu., 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 125.
52 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. -

1841. Chloropheeite. Gill..

" This mineral when the rock is first broken is of a dull-green color, but 

after a few hours' exposure it becomes nearly black; after long exposure, 

however, some specimens assume a dark-brown color. For the most part, 

the nodules often half an inch and sometimes more than an inch in diameter exhibit a fibrous structure, the fibers radiating from one or more 

centers in the same nodule. The mineral is easily scratched with a knife, 

and the powder is of a dull-green color. When fractured, however, it 

appears brittle, and sometimes calcareous spar is inclosed in the chlorophteite, but very rarely are the nodules hollow. If I mistake not, in one 

or two instances I have observed a foliated structure in the specimens; 

associated with prehnite, chlorite, and pyritous copper; the rock only 

slightly aruygdaloidal."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 660.

1852. Chloropheeite.

Stands in close connection with chlorite or green earth. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 151.

1878. Chloropheeite. " Gill, in Massachusetts, arid Turners Falls, in 

Connecticut."

P. Groth: Min. Col., Strasburg, p. 258. 

(Turner's Falls is in Gill.) 

1882. Products of the decomposition of prehnite (chlorophseite of 

Hitchcock).

The mineral chlorophaute, described by Macculloch in 1825, but not 

analyzed, proves now, from the analysis of Heddle, 1 to be of very different 

composition from the highly hydrated protoxide of iron silicate analyzed 

by Forchhamrner, with which it has been associated. It is a magnesian 

peroxide of iron silicate, with about 25 per cent of water, sometimes 

aluminous, and it approaches thus more nearly to diabantite, from which 

it differs mainly in the peroxidation of tlie iron and in containing double 

; the quantity of water.

In 1825 President Hitchcock discovered a mineral "in the trap rocks 

about Turners Falls, in Gill, Mass., 2 which Prof. J. AV. Webster, of Harvard 

University, pronounced to be the chloroplueite of Macculloch." The 

description given by President Hitchcock agrees so exactly with that of 

Macculloch and Heddle, and the rapid blackening of the mineral is so 

peculiar, that the reference was very natural, and I think correct.

On examining slides of the "smoked" prehnite 3 last described, its 

radiated needles were in the center colorless and perfectly fresh, and contain in abundance scales of diabantite, with remarkably strong dichroism 

brown-green to black. Although the smoky, black mass resembled closely 

an amygdule of the chlorophtei'te, its great hardness and the crystalline 

surface proved it to be prehnite, and the peculiar striatiou dependent upon 

the arrowhead twinning was quite as characteristic. Toward the outer 

surface, however, the mass softened rapidly and could be readily impressed 

by the ringer nail, and under the microscope the fibers were seen to change 

quite rapidly into an amorphous or fine, scaly material of red-brown color, 

showing faint aggregate polarization, butno dichroism. Farther in among 

the clear needles portions of the mass have all the needles likewise stained 

brown superficially. On examining President Hitchcock's original speci1 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, Vol. XXIX, p. 84. 

8 Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 393. 

3 See Prelmite.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGTCAL LEXICON. 53

1882. Products of the decomposition of prehnite Continued.

men, No. 91 of the last catalogue of the Massachusetts State collection, 1 

it was found to be distinctly radiated from several centers, the fibres 

of the same size and arrangement as those of the fine fibrous prehnite, 

and a fragment broken from the specimen gave a pale-green powder and 

scratched apatite without difficulty. The cavity in which it is found is 

lined first with the foliated diabantite, then follows inwardly chalcopyrite, 

chloroplueite, the latter occupying thus the same place as the prehnite in 

the unaltered nodules.

Under the microscope traces of the bright quartz-like polarization and 

. the peculiar striation of prehnite could be clearly seen. The latter mineral was, however, for the most part changed into a red-brown, indistinctly 

scaly mass, -with very faint polarization. The fibers of the original 

prehnite had not been at all fused together or changed in their relation to 

each other, and nothing was interposed among them.. Other nodules completely changed showed also the network of black material between the 

needles. In specimen No. 92 of the same collection with H. 1.5, the fibrous

structure is much less distinct than in the former one; both are of the

same dull, black color, but under the microscope it is seen to be made up 

of the same faintly scaly red-brown material arranged in radiated needles 

exactly as before, but now showing no trace of the further presence of 

unchanged prehnite. The brown material is not to be distinguished under 

the microscope from that which results from the change of diabautite, 

except that in each case the structure of the original mineral is retained.

In other cases the change of the prehuite has taken another course. In 

the variety from the new cutting at Cheapside, where the lustrous bars of 

the mineral are interwoven with minute green fluor, the bars change 

toward the side where the fissure in which they were formed opened into 

the main vein, gradually into a pale-green scaly mass which retains for 

a distance the shape of the bars and their relation to the fluor, but farther 

on is blended into a pale-green mass with satiny luster, which looks as 

if it had been worked up into a paste and dried in a thin layer upon the 

surface. Similar masses are found abundantly, especially in the datolite, 

and under the microscope still contain fragments of fresh unchanged 

prehnite.

The mineral itself is under the microscope seen to be made up of loosely 

aggregated scales and to show a bright green color and a dichroism, both 

like that of diabautite. It is apparently hexagonal, many scales remaining black during a complete revolution between nicols. Its lighter color 

seems to be the result of its different aggregation, and the powder of 

both is of the dame light green. Prehnite can thus change into a mineral 

very similar to, if not identical with, diabantito (enough pure material for 

an analysis could not be obtained), and both the prehnite and the common 

scaly radiated diabantite change into red-brown almost amorphous materials which can not be distinguished microscopically.

I have assumed, oil what seems good grounds, that the diabautite which 

fills the fibrous prehnite so often was formed at the same time with the 

latter, and it often shows a zonal arrangement in the prehnite which goes 

far to show that this was so, and in the specimens the two cases 4 can 

be easily distinguished. On the other hand, I think the change of the 

prehnite is primarily into the green diabautite-like mineral and through

'State Board of Agricult. Report, Vol. VI, Appendix, p. 10, where the mineral is printed "Ohiorophocite." 

 a That of the diabantite originally inclosed in the fresh prehnite and the similar scaly mineral formed 

by the decomposition of the latter.
54 . "A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BOLL. 126.

1882. Products of the decomposition of prehnite Continued.

this into the brown perpxidized substance, and that the instability of the 

first or protoxide stadium of the substance is the condition of its rapid 

change from green to browu or black wheu exposed to the air. Indeed, 

this is also a striking characteristic of the common diabautite itself, and 

fresh trap specimens lose their green tint and soon turn brownish-black if 

exposed to the weather, though the change does not occur with such 

remarkable rapidity as in the case with the prehnite-diabantite, or chlorophaiite. Professor Heddle explains the sudden change of color by shrinkage-cracking, due to partial dehydration.

B.K.Emerson: The^ Deerfield dike aud its minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d 

series, Vol. XXIV, p. 276.

CHOKDBODITE. 

1884. Chondrodite. Middlefteld.

Occurs in the pre-Canibrian limestone at the mouth of Coles Brook, at 

the railroad cutting, west edge of large bed, in reddish and grayish 

grains changing into serpentine. It can also be found at various places in 

the baud of limestone which extends from this point north to the school 

at Factory Hollow.

CHEOM1TE.

1820. Chromate of iron. Cuminingtori.

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. II, p. 374.

1823. Chromate of iron. At Cummiugton soapstone quarry.

Only a small mass has as yet been discovered.

J. Porter: Min. Not., ibid., Vol. VI, p. 248. There is no soapstone quarry 

in Cummington. The quarry in Windsor, cited below, which is near the 

Cummiugton line, must have been meant.

1823. Chromate of iron. Cummingtou, Midcllefield in serpentine

(Eaton),

Cummiugton, well characterized and almost resembling the Baltimore 

chromate; in a loose mass found by Dr. J. Porter. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River, ibid., p. 233.

1833. Chromate of iron. Guminington. Blandford.

" While the second edition of this work was passing through the press I 

have discovered the chromate of iron in serpentine in Blandford; specimens 4 to 5 pounds weight."

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 52, 366; also Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. 

XXIV, p. 397.

1835. Chromate of iron. In the east part of Windsor, near soapstone 

quarry, in serpentine.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 363. Cummiugton, Blandford, - ibid., 

pp. 52, 369.

1838. Chromate of iron. Chester.

Report of Dr. H. Holland. Appears in the eastern portion of the serpentine; three outcrops 5 to 18 inches wide; 1,200 pounds of ore obtained; 

one mass pure, 60 pounds; trace of platinum. CrO 52-53, FeO 33-35. 

Salts prepared from it are in the State collection.

E. Hitchcock: Ecou. Geol. Mass., p. 124.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 55

1841. Chromate of iron. In serpentine, 5 miles northwest of Blandford, on Becket road.

Tuberculous masses rarely as much as a foot in diameter; in masses a few 

inches in diameter; contains 30 per cent of oxide of chrome (Dr. H. Holland). A few miles north in the west part of Chester, near the railroad, 

on branch of Westlield Eiver, a much larger vein was discovered by Dr. 

Holland. It is situated in the eastern portion of the serpentine, perhaps 

300 feet above the railroad, where it cuts through the serpentine, and on 

the same side of the river. Said by practical chemists to afford 43 per 

cent CrO (Holland).

Analysis (by Dr. Hitchcock).

CrO ................................................ 34.63

FfyOy................ ............................... 50.85

Si02 ............................................... 9. 27

Ala 03 ............................................... 5.45

. 100.00 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., 1841, pp.191,618.

1882. Chromite. Pelham.

From the serpentine near the asbestos mine. In grains 3 to 5 mm. 

in diameter.

CHEYSOCOLLA.

1876. Chrysocollite. (0. U. Shepard.) Southampton, lead mine. 

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min., within75 miles of Amherst College,p. 3.

1888. Chrysocolla. Manhan lead mine, Southampton.

In layers 5 to 10 mm. thick, coating cuprite and chalcopyrite; rare; 

finest specimens in Clark collection in Smith College.

CHRYSOLITE.

1876. Pelhamine. (C. U. Sliepard.) Pelham.

"Singular seams and masses, sometimes a foot thick at the asbestos 

mine, associated with bronzite and talcite; tough and so not serpentine; 

lusterless; powder dark greenish-gray; H. =5; Gr. = 2. 9 3.2. B. 13. 

infusible, but turns cinnamon-red; not decomposed by acids.

Analysis,

SiO, ................................................ 38.40

FeO ................................................ 15.52

ALA,............................................... 2.80

HB 0 ................................................ 3.40

MgO (dif.).......................................... 39.88

100.00 

C. U. Shepard: Contrib. to Min., p. 3. (Priv. pub.)

1876. Pelhamine. Pelham.

Is allied to chrysolite.

C.U. Shepard: Cat. of Miu. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 5.
56 A MINER \LOGTCAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1881. Olivine. Pelham.

The black,tough masses, at the Pelham asbestos quarry called pelhaminc 

by Shepard prove upon microscopical examination to be a colorless chrysolite in intimate mixture with chromite and other oxides. Jt makes the 

mass of an immense intrusive neck in the Becket gneiss as the principal 

ingredient of an olivine rock which contains much magnetite and little 

brouzite and is separated from the gneiss by a broad band of biotite, anorthite, corundum, and apatite of so much special geological interest that 

it is described at length in the forthcoming monograph upon the geology 

of the region.

1883. Olivine. Slmtesbury, New Salem.

The so-called serpentine masses in the centers of these two towns are 

largely olivine, in the same position in the gneiss and with the same 

associated minerals, in part, as in the Pelham locality. In all these localities the mineral is of so much more lithological than strictly miueralogical interest that I have discussed it under the former head, as indicated 

above.

1883. Olivine.

A pale olive-green olivine in crystalline grains .5 mm. to 2 mm., superficially reddened by decomposition, in a light-gray amygdaloid bowlder 

in the till on the north slope of Mount Holyoke, just west of the Notch.

1884. Pelhamine. Pelham.

The serpentinous substance called pelhamine by Prof. C.-U. Shepard 

admits of a good polish and with a very curious effect.

Kunz: Precious stones; Min. Res. of the U. S., 1883-84, p. 770. Gems 

and precious stones, 1890, p. 189.

1885. Olivine. South Hadley.

I have never with certainty detected olivine in the large Holyoke and 

Deeriield diabase beds, but in the later volcanic necks, especially in that 

north of Moodys Corners, small brick-red decomposed olivines are quite 

frequent.

CLINOCHLOEE. 

1879. Clinochlore. North Blandford.

In coarse, large, foliated masses at Bartholomew'8 soapstone qUurTy, 

Blandford.

Similar occurrence at Osborne's soapstone quarry. Optically positive. 

Quite strongly biaxial. Dichroic green and red; weakly so with microscope. Very dark green, in broad plates mnch cut by gliding planes.

1889. Clinochlore. Chester.

Pseudomorph. Mixture of epidote and clinochlore after hornblende.

In the collection of E. B. Underbill, formerly of Hallocks Mills, Westchester County, N. Y., \vhich was bequeathed to Amherst College, was a 

specimen labeled ''Chloritoid pseudomorph after hornblende, Chester, 

Mass." This collection was labeled, as ho informed me. by Mr. J. S. CBailey, who, I believe, largely formed the collection; and as Mr. Bailey has 

collected extensively in Chester, I presume he obtained- the specimen 

there. It came manifestly from the cutting near the railroad station from 

the white granular quartzite, containing shining, black hornblende blades, 

and I have since found it at that place. These are here changed centrally into pale pistachio-green granular epidote and dark-green chlorite 

having the optical properties of clinochlore. The blades are above an 

inch long and one-third of an inch wide.
i.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. ,5,7

1892. Clinochlore. Orange.

Soapstoue quarry at southwest corner of Big Tnlly Mountain. In broad 

plates of clear green in granular dolomite and impure talc. Optically 

positive and nearly nniaxial.

. COBALTITE. 

1820. Arsenate of cobalt. Sturbridge, Monson.

Disseminated in small quantities in a large mass of hornblende connected with the graphite of the Sturbridge miue.

In hornblende rock in Monson; in hornblende rock on west side of Connecticut River Dr. Hunt found arsenide of cobalt.

A. Eaton: Index, pp. 118,139.

1825. Arsenate of cobalt. Monson.

In primitive trap in small quantity. 

A. Eaton: Index; Kobinson's Cat., p.61.

(No further notice of this mineral. Much whitish pyrite occurs at the 

Sturbridge mine and in hornblende-schist at the Monson quarry.)

COLOPHONTTE.

See Garnet, 1823.

COLUMBITE.

1829. Stanniferous columbite. Chesterfield, Goshen.

In a loose stone in the foundation of a stone fence (at a little distance 

fromthd south end of the tourmaline ledge), in feldspar, beryl, and mica, 

15 to 400 grains in size 1,400 grains in all; sp.gr. 6.00; crystal figured; 

contains columbic acid, tin, iron, manganese, lime trace.

Also at Gosheu, at Weeks's farm, and 4 miles east of first location of 

spodurnene. Small imperfect tabular crystals in spodnmene.

C. U. Shepard: Discovery of columbite in Chesterfield, Mass.; Am. Jour. 

Sci., 1st series, Vol. XVI, p! 220.

1835. Columbite. Chesterfield, Goshen.

Chesterfield tourmaline locality. Right rectangular prism, several 

modifications; two places in Goshen in spodumene. (Shepard.) 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 509.

1835. Golumbite. Chesterfield.

Thecolumbite of Chesterfield consists of the oxides of columbium, tin, 

iron, manganese, with trace of lime. More distinct crystals (than from 

Haddam), and of greater size, come from Chesterfield.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 140.

1841. Columbite. Chesterfield, Goshen.

At tourmaline locality in Chesterfield, and also at two places in Goshen, 

embedded m spodumene. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 704.

1844. Columbite. Chesterfield.

Smajl crystals; brilliant, transparent, dark ruby-red. 

J. S. Tescheuiacher: Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 502.

18G6. Columbite. North field.

" Sent me last autumn by Mr. M. A, Brown, of Springfield, Mass.; found 

on laud of Mr. Simeon Lyrnau, 1 mile northeast of village. In much disintegrated graphic granite in mica-slate; tolerably well crystallized, black 

.and shining; sp. gr. 6.5. Nearly identical with the Bodenmais variety. 

Supply limited." 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2cl series, Vol. XLII, p. 248.
58 A MINERALOGTCAL LEXICON. [EULL.126.

1876. Columbite. Northfield, Chesterfield, Goshen.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min, within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 7.

1882. Columbite. North field.

In granite vein in lane one-half mile east of John Moody's house. Mr. 

M. A. Brown got $400 worth. Also with beryls. Best crystals went to Prof. 

George A. Brush.

Good crystals in W. E. Webster's collection, Northfield. Locality 

exhausted.

1883. Columbite. West Chesterfield Hollow.

Crystals 1 iuch long; striated curiously, as if molded when soft. 

In W. E. Webster's col-lection, Northfield.

1886. Columbite. Northfield.

Is almost a tantalate, with 57 per cent Ta^Os and 27 per cent Nb.2Os, 

and sp. gr. 6.84. Agrees with the general habit of columbite, as it has 

the same faces, and in so far as one can judge from the imperfect measurements the same angles. The crystals, which are large and rough, 

show the common rectangular habit with the faces a (100), oo P oo; Z> 

(010), at, P oo; -c (001), 0 P; m (110), oo P; z (530), oo P £ ; k (103), } P oo; 

n (163), 2 P6; c; k=.-20c ; Z>: z=63°.

E. S. Dana: Ueber den Columbit; Zeit. Krys., Vol. XII, p. 266. Abstract 

Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXXII, p. 386. ' ;

COOKEITE. 

1879. Cookeite. Chesterfield, in cleavelandite.

A. A. Julien: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, Vol. I, p. 351.

1882. Cookeite. Chesterfield.

Fine specimen in W. E. Webster's collection, Northfield, Mass.

COPPER.

1823. Native copper. Whately.

In geest on the limit between the primitive and alluvial soil, and about

5 miles from the secondary greenstone of the coal formation. The piece 

weighs 17 ounces, exhibits imperfect rudiments of octahedral crystals on 

the surface, and is incrusted by green carbonate of copper. The cavities 

also contain a very little red oxide of copper. 

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci. ; 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 230. .

1843. Copper. Whately.

" The first piece of copper was found along the line of junction between 

the sandstone and the primary rocks iu a plowed field; the second piece 

2 miles farther to the west among the hills. I incline to the opinion that 

neither of these specimens originated in the trap or the sandstone, but in 

the primary rocks to the north of the places where they were found. 

They were mostly coated by the green carbonate and tlie red oxide (?). 

The last specimen was partially covered also with crystals of quartz 

deeply implanted. The extremities of these have all been broken oft' in 

efforts to cut the specimens into pieces, but their lower extremity may 

still be seen in the only fragment of this fine specimen which can now be 

found and which I lay upon the table with the former specimen uninjured."

E. Hitchcock: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1843; also Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XLVII, p. 323.
EMERSON.} A MTNttRALOG-TCAL LEXICON. 59 

1843. Copper Continued.

The word geest above was used to designate the drift and the diluvial 

gravels.

Similar bowlders of copper have been found iu Connecticut within the 

limits of the red sandstone, and a fine specimen is preserved in the Yalo 

College cabinet. Those mentioned above doubtless came from the neighborhood of the trap, apparently reduced by it from older copper veins. 

It is hard to see how the pieces can have been carried south 10° west from 

the trap in Greenfield to Whately by the ice. Perhaps they had been lost 

there by the Indians.

The first specimen mentioned above is in the mineral collection of 

. Amherst College. There are several cavities upon the surface from which 

quite large crystals apparently of calcite have been removed.

A specimen of nati ve copper is in the innseum of Amherst College having 

this label in President Hitchcock's handwriting: "Native copper found iu 

drift 200 rods west of the meetinghouse in Whately, and on the farm of 

Rufus Dickinson, and presented by him and Dennis Dickiuson to the 

college cabinet. Weight, 2^ pounds."

COEDIBRITE. 

1835. lolite. Goshen.

" Stated to have been found in Goshen. I have not met with it."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 507.

Refers to the " goshenite" of Goshen. (See under Beryl.)

1838. lolite. Brinifield.

One-half mile northeast of village on road to Warren, near house of 

Samuel Patrick. In granite; violet-blue; no crystals; found 1835; with 

 molybdenite, black rnica, and garuet.

J. W. Foster: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXXIII, p. 399. 

(The molybdenite is graphite.)

1844. lolite. (Hyalus licolor.) Brimfield.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Miu., p. 406.

1886. Cordierite. Brimfield, Sturbridge.

On the west side of the road to Warren, and near the town line, 1 mile 

north of Elisha Marsh's house. In coarse granite associated with inoonstone-like orthoclase, precious garnet, and fibrolite; deep blue to colorless; in granular masses up to the size of a robin's egg. Also found on 

the top of Shumway Hill, iu Sturbridge, by G. H. Hayues, of the class of 

;87 in Amherst College, in larger darker masses in same rock.

1890. lolite. Brimfield.

In gneiss with audalusite.

Kunz: Gems and precious stones of the United States, p. 159.

(Incorrect; should be "in granite with fibrolite").

1892. Cordierite. Ware.

In the first cutting south of the station on the Central Railroad. In 

deep-blue granular masses. The fibrolite schist is here full of veins and 

twisted lenses of pegmatite, and the cordierite is contained in these near 

their borders, and at times rounded blebs of the deep-blue mineral are 

inclosed in the chatoyant carlsbad twins of orthoclase.
60 A MTNERALOGICAL LEXICON. 

COK UNDOPH YLLIT E.

1865. Chloritoid. Chester.

C. T. Jackson : Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXXIX, p. 87.

1865. Corundophyllite. Chester etnery mine.

Mineral not fully analyzed. Imperfect examination made upon a few 

grains of it found along with the sapphire of Buncombe, N. C., lead to the 

conclusion that it, like the ottrelite, is a silicate of alumina and iron with 

but little lime and magnesium. Des Cloizeaux has described it as one of 

the micaceous minerals, but it rather appears to belong to the clinochlore 

group. Its crystallization is near to mica; H.=2-3. Inelastic, almost 

brittle; in color and in tlie arrangement of its particles, even when giving 

rise to a slate, as it often does, it does not resemble the well-known mineral chlorite. It is of all others the most abundant gangne mineral of the 

purer varieties of both emery and magnetite.

C. U. Shepard : Eeport Chester emery mine, p. 10.

1865. Corundophyllite. Chester.

Abundant; called chloritoid by Dr. Jackson.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 112.

1866. Corundophyllite. Chester.

Analysi'a (given below in 1868) from material supplied by Prof. C. U. 

Shepard, with description; referred to ferriferous clinochlore (ripidolite). 

F.Pisani: Ibid., Vol. XLI, p. 394.

1866. Corundophyllite. Chester.

The author obtained the species at Chester and sent a specimen to Professor Shepard, asking if it wa's his Corundophyllite. On being informed 

that it was he then analyzed the specimen. It proves to be both chemically 

and physically a chlorite of the variety ripidolite.

Analysis. 

SiO^.... ...................................... ...... 25.06

ALO3 . ...... ........................................ 30.70

FeO ................................................ 16.50

MgO........ ........................................ 16.41

H2 0 ................................................ 10.62

99.29

J. L. Smith: Emery mine at Chester, ibid., Vol. XLII. p. 92. 

1866. Chloritoid. Chester.

An analysis given under the name chloritoid, which is criticised by Dana 

as incorrect. 

C. T. Jackson : Am. Jonr. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 107.

1866. Corundophyllite. Chester.

In a letter Professor Shepard claims that the true coruudophyllifce is 

that from Asheville, N. C. He has, however, published the mineral at 

Chester as corundophyllite.

J. D. Dana: Ibid., p. 269.

1866. Corundophyllite.

Admits the chloritoid of Jackson and the clinochlore of Smith to be 

clinochlore. The mineral attached to the fringe rock, and analyzed by 

Professor Smith and found, to be biotite, he now claims to be corundophyllite, as it haiS H. = l.5; inelastic; sp. gr. 2.76. Before the blowpipe it 

hardens, and melts with difficulty.

C. U. Shepard: Ibid., p. 421.
EMEE80N.] A MINEBALOGICAL LEXICON. 61

1867. Comndophyllite. Chester.

Is clinochlore, optically.

J. P. Cooke: Some American chlorites; Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. 

XLIV, p. 206.

1867. Corundophyllite.

" Comndophyllite is a clinochlore in plates or crystals; bisectrix positive, inclined." 

Des Cloizeaux: Letter to Prof. J. D. Dana; ibid., pp. 258, 283.

1868. Corundophyllite. Chester.

Analysis by Prof. J. H. Eaton. Column No. 1, crystals with diaspore, 

rutile, tind sapphire. No. 3, fringe rock. No. 2 is by Pisani. Professor 

Shepard states that he supplied the same material for Nos. 1 and 2.

Si02 .......................

AW),...... .......... ......

MgO.......... .............

FeO .......................

H20 .......................

No.l.

24.77

 25.52

21.88

15.19

11. 98

99.34

No. 2.

24.0

25.9

22.7

14.8

11.9

99.3

No. 3.

24: 69

28.52

21. 86

10.38 (')

1 Not determined.

C. U. Shepard: Ibid., Vol. XLVI, p. 257.

Analysis No. 3 of the fringe rock is also Corundophyllite, with probably 

a slight error in the AlaO:t determination. It is very different from the 

analysis of the fringe rock, by J. L. Smith, which is given under Biotite, 

1866.

1891. Corundophyllite. Chester.

In an elaborate work upon the chlorites, Professor Tschermak describes 

the mineral fully and determines its optical characteristics. His results 

are made the basis of the description of the mineral by E. S. Dana in the 

new edition of the Manual of Mineralogy.

G. Tschermak: Die Chloritgruppe; Sitzungsberichte d. Akad. Wien, 

XCIX, p. 210.

1894. Corundophyllite. Chester.

The mineral is uniformly the oldest in the veins in magnetite, in which 

it occurs, and where it is not covered by later growths forms surfaces of 

hexagonal prisms, .tapering by irregular steps from the larger attached end. 

It is followed by rutile, corundum, auorthite, diaspore, margarite, and calcite. Its growth continues in lessened degree through this series, small 

crystalline plates being perched upon the corundum blades or wholly 

inclosed in calcite, where it is followed immediately by margarite; broad 

sheets of it run up between the lamime of the margarite. Some very 

beautiful crystals of dark-green color are capped by colorless or pale 

aquamarine colored heads. The transition is sudden, and the prisms 

beloAv have colorless centers. The heads have perfect faces, in forms like 

fig. 7, p. 645, in the new edition of the System of Mineralogy (E. S. Dana), 

and, like it, are divided into irregular twinned segments. They are almost 

uniaxial. I can not distinguish these pale-green forms from amesite (q v.), 

and I have noted the apparent passage of the one mineral into the other. 

The material seemed perfectly fresh.
62 A MINEEALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

CORUNDUM. 

1865. Emery. Chester.

First announcement with description and analyses. Considers it a distinct species. FeO,Al2 C>3. 

C. T. Jackson: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XXXIX, p. 87.

1865. Corundum. Chester.

White massive corundum in veins one-half inch wide occurs traversing 

massive emery. The latter mineral at Chester is exceedingly uniform in 

composition and may be regarded as an alumiuate of protoxide of iron; 

FeO,Al2 O3 . 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 123.

1865. Corundum. Chester.

Eare; only in seams one-half to three-fourths inch thick, though many 

1 foot square; grayish white, highly crystalline, like that from the Carnatic; in granular and compact emery.

C. U. Shepard: Eeport of Chester emery mine, p. 9.

1865. Emery. Chester.

(a) No perfect crystals; coarsely massive or in large separate individuals up to one-half inch across; perfect cleavage and strife; reddish-brown 

with faint coppery luster; 0.5, higher sp. gr. than corundum; abrading 

power |; magnetic, FeO,Al2 03 .

(&) Granular, flattened grains one-eighth to one-half inch in corundophyllite; formed from fusing of grains.

(c) Compact, very fine grained, tough, massive, harsh dark-brown, faint 

violet-blue tarnish in wedge-shaped, contorted masses or elliptical balls 5 

to 10 inches across.

(d) Emery magnetite, massive magnetite, containing emery harder and 

tougher than magnetite, and has purple tarnish.

(e) Stony emery tbe general substance of the vein, or tlie chloritoidal 

rock slaty, tough, greenish-gray, very heavy, 10 to 20 per cent emery. 

C. U. Shepard: Eeport Chester emery mine, pp. 6-8.

1865. Emerite. Chester.

"And he (Dr. Jackson) has suggested that it be considered a distinct species in place of being included under corundum. (Note. Should it hereafter be found proper to separate emery from corundum, the name emerite 

ought not to be an unsuitable designation for the new species.) His conclusion would obviously be acquiesced in were it not for the strong resemblance in stria) and cleavage between the emery and common corundum, 

making it impossible for us to separate the substances crystallographically 

from one another. It would, however, be singular if two minerals differing so widely in their other physical qualities should be specifically 

identical."

C. U. Shepard: Eeport Chester emery mine, p. 6.

1866. Emery.

Dissents from the opinion of Messrs. Jackson and Shepard that emery is 

a separate mineral and gives several analyses:

A1.0....... ................

Fe304 ............ ..........

Si02 .......................

Poor.

50. 21

31.30

Better.

44. 11

3.25

Prepared.

51.92

42.28

5.46

Crystals.

74 90

5.48

After 

HC1 and 

H20.

84.02

9 no

A. fll

H. Lawrence Smith: Am. Jour, Sci.; 2d series, Vol. XLlI, p."83.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOUICAL LEXICON. 63

1866. Sapphire. Chester.

In dolomite veins, at Chester emery mine.

C. T. Jackson: Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVI, p. 32.

1868. Corundum. Chester.

Occasionally in blue bipyramidal crystals. 

J. D. Dana: Sys. Mm., p. 139.

1870. Corundum. Pelham.

Nodules of brownish-black mica superior in hardness to the surrounding 

mineral contain nodules of coruudophyllite, which inclose a white corundum often streaked with a deep sapphire-blue; rare

J. H. Adams, October, 1870: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLIX, p. 271.

(The "corundophyllite" is biotite.)

1881. Emery and iron. West Worthington.

" Abram Granger's 50-acre pasture lot. Local geology," No. 2. 

Chauncey Stepheuson: Hampshire Gazette, November 29, 1881. 

(The writer sent me some hornblende-schist as a sample of the emery.)

1885. Emery. Chester.

In veins in the magnetite showing the parageuesis magnetite, corundophyllite, rutile, corundum, diaspore, calcite. The corundum occurs in 

. flat blades partly white, partly deep blue, or rarely pink, which appear 

on dissolving the calcite and which at times are attenuated to blue threads 

running up into the calcite after the manner of graphic granite. The 

plates polarize in bright color and are very flat, distorted rhombohedra.

1886. Corundum. Hampchu mine.

Keport for 1880: Capital, real and personal, $310,000; total hands 

employed, 31 (1 boy, 11 men below ground); amount of wages, $9,347; 

boiler, 1; engine, 1; horsepower, 10; drainage machines, 2; hoisting 

machine, 1; fuel, cords of wood, 365; explosives, cost, $254; value of all 

materials, $4,572; product, tons, 600; value, $18,000.

Tenth Census, Vol. XV, 1886, p. 840.

1886. Corundum. Chester.

The finest piece of deep-blue massive corundum from the Chester mine 

is in the collection of the late Mr. Ames, of Chicopee, It is a large fragment from a vein 12 mm. in thickness.

1896. Corundum. Pelham.

Crystals 1 to 1^ inches across, 2 inches long; from colorless, with spots 

of deep blue, to complete deep-bine color; gray, granular masses as large 

as one's fist; crystals deep blue in tourmaline and in audesite, but more 

commonly in a thick band of deep bronzy biotite bordering olivine rock. 

So much has been found by Mr. B. F. Merrill, who has done much for the 

mineralogy of the locality, that many bags have been sold for crushing. 

The finest mass was 6 inches long by 3£ inches wide. It was a single 

crystal, but with rude outer faces and in cross section showed alternate 

hexagonal bands of rich blue and gray a half inch wide. It was penetrated 

by a crystal of allanite a half inch square and an inch long, and the corundum is puckered radially from the allanito for the space of an inch; so that 

when broken across it has a most remarkable fibrous radiated structure 

surrounding the broken end of the allanite crystal. The perfect glassy 

and lustrous cleavage surface of the corundum crystal is continued up to 

the border of the radiated fibrous or puckered area, and is within this area 

replaced by a small conchoidal, quartz-like fracture. The specimen is in 

,the collection of Amherst College.
64 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

COTUNNITE. 

1866. Cotunnite. Southampton lead mine.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 247. 

(This is anglesite.)

CUMMINGTONITE.

1824. Cummingtonite. (Dewey.) Cummington.

See Amphibole.

1860. Cummingtonite. (Rammelsberg.) Cummington.

See Rhodonite.

The first use of the word for tlie ferruginous actinolite is now established.

CUPKITE. 

1835. Red oxide of copper.

Mentioned as occurring in new red sandstone and trap, but no locality 

given.

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVII. p. 323; Geol. Mass., 

p. 225.

1843. Red oxide of copper. Whately.

Coating specimen of native copper.

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVII, p. 323.

1882. Cuprite. Deerfield.

In minute octahedra superficially altered into malachite; occurs on 

datolite in fissures of diabase.

B. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke and its minerals; ibid., 2d series, Vol. 

XXXIV, p. 280.

CYANITE.

1818. Cyanite or sappare. Deerfield.

' In mica-slate; discovered by Dr. S. W. Williams.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. of Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p. 114.

1820. Sappare. Chesterfield.

Near line between Conway and Deerfield, a few miles east of the village 

of Conway. 

A. Eaton: Index, p. 145.

1823. Cyanite. Chesterfield, Granville, Plamfield.

Chesterfield, in loose masses in mica-slate, where its bladed or imperfect 

prisms are 2 feet long (Hunt). Grauville (Dewey), Plainfield (J. Porter).

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p.219.

1823. Kyanite. Chester and Chesterfield.

Very dark, in mica-schist.

J. Porter: Loc. Min., ibid., p. 248.

1824. Cyanite. Chester or Norwich.

"A curious variety occurs here in very fine, soft mica-schist resembling 

potstone, often in hemitrope crystals; color grayish blue."

E. Emmons: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 254. 

. (The locality is uncertain, because he has mentioned Norwich in the 

sentence before and was writing from Chester. The description of the 

rock agrees best with Chester. I have, however, found the grey variety 

abundant in the sericite-schist just south of Chester.)
EMERSON.] A. MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 65

1824. Cyanite. Chester.

In common mica-schist. A darker variety than the Common in dark micaschist, generally in single prisms (Emmons). Blandford, Granville. 

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 40.

1825. Cyanite. Near Westfield.

Abundant to the north and west of the village of Westfield the green 

and blue varieties; green in quartz and blue in mica-schist; blue not perfect crystals.

Emerson Davis: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 252.

(This refers to the towns mentioned above. The mineral does not occur 

in Westfield except along the west line.)

1825. Kyanite. Cummington.

Bare, large, well-defined crystals in mica-slate, with garnet, quartz, and 

black mica. 

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 55.

1825. Cyanite. Conway, Chesterfield, Chester, Cummington, Blandford, Granville, Middletield, Plain field.

S. Robinson: Cat. Am. Min., p. 37, ft.

1827. Cyanite. Chesterfield.

Crystals azure-blue, 18 inches long, 2 to 3 inches broad. 

A. Nash: Lead veins of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 241.

1828. Sappare. Chesterfield.

One mile north of meeting-honse, on land of Mr. Searle. In veins in 

bowlders of mica-schist; doubtless is in place below; not good specimens 

now. Mr. Searle usually keeps a supply on hand to furnish travelers.

E. Hitchcock: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XIV, p. 216.

1835. Sappare. Chesterfield, Blandford, Worthington, Middlen'eld, 

Deerfield.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mas*., p. 345.

1835. Rhcetizite. Blandford and Eussell (Emmons).

Ibid.

1844. Kyanite. (JSpimecitis oyaneus.) Chesterfield,Worthington, Blandford.

J. D. Dana: Sys.Min.,p.375.

1844. Cyanite. Chesterfield.

Analysis. 

SiOa................................................ 42.56

A1203 ............................................... 57.00

Losi................................................. .44

100.00

Same as fibrolite (Vanuxem). 

F. Alger: Alger's Phillips Min., p. 108.

1866. Kyanite. JSTorthfield. On Northfield Mountain, road to Erving.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XHI, p. 248.

1877. Cyanite. Blandford, Eussell.

North Blandford road, in hydromica-schist. South of Blaiidford Centre 

on West Granville road, between two brooks.

Russell, west of river on bank just below the old railroad bridge. 

Large crystals, gray, in schist; 100 by 25 mm.; fine blue in small segregated granite vein adjoining. 

Bull. 126 5
6.6 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [uuLL.126.

1882. Cyanite. Worth in gton.

On the old Kufns Smith farm, now owned by Spencer Stewart, 3 miles 

southwest of center. Also in ledge where Rev. Mr. P. W. Lyman has 

blasted it out, 40 rods southeast of E. Smith's house; also one-half mile 

west of this house in bowlders.

1882. Cyanite. North field.

Deep rich blue in single crystals and fibrous gray; top of gulf road, 

where it goes down to Erving. 

W. E. Webster's collection, Northfield.

1883. Cyanite. Chester.

In tine large mass in bowlder about one-half mile southwest of Chester 

Center. 

E. J. Whitaker, class of '83, Amherst College.

1890. Cyanite. Chesterfield.

"Cyauites were found in the early part of the century at Chesterfield, 

Mass., where some of the finest mineralogical specimens were obtained. 

An example of these, a mass measuring 10 by 6 inches, and consisting of 

distinct crystals over 3 inches long, piled one upon another, is in the British Museum at South Kensington, in London. The crystals are all distinct, 

of a fine blue color, and would cut into small mineralogical gems.''

G. F. Kunz: Gems and precious atones of the U. S,, p. 176.

CYM:ATOLITE.

MUSCOVITE-ALBITE PSEUDOMORPHS.

1825. Talc. Gosh en.

With the rose mica occurs "a, beautiful white talc, which I believe has 

not been credited to this locality."

E. Hitchcock: Am.. Jour. Sci., Vol. IX, p. 21.

1867. Cumatolite. Goshen.

" Cumatolite (Kuma, Gr. a wave, from its undulating surface. H. =1.5. 

Gr. =2.74.) Occurs in long prismatic forms, seemingly the continuations 

of spodumeue crystals, of which they constitute (at one end) about half 

the length. Cleavage micaceous in one direction, which is constantly 

intermediate between the two perfect prismatic cleavages of the contiguous spodumene. There is no blending of the two minerals, but simply 

a contact where the two crystals meet. Color white, luster pearly or that 

of satin. Thin lamina} transparent, inelastic. No appearance of having 

resulted from decomposition or metamorphosis of spodumene. Both minerals are perfectly fresh and lustrous throughout. Gives off no moisture 

or fluorine by heat. Before the blowpipe is nearly infusible except at the 

thinnest points, which only become rounded. Slowly dissolved by borax 

into a clear glass; with soda gives when cold an opaque white one. Cobalt 

produces an intense blue. No reaction of lithia, even when fused with 

bisulphate of potash. Scarcely attacked by acids. Fuses with carbonate 

of soda into a colorless mass, which gave about two-thirds silica, abundance 

of alumina, and not more than 1.5 per cent lime, with traces of magnesia. 

Neither potash nor .soda were sought for. Found at the indicolite locality 

in Goshen, Mass.

"C. IT. SHEPAUD.

 ' "AMHEBST COLLEGK, May 84, 1867."

C. U. Shepard: .Private publication.

1867. Cumatolite. Goshen.

- " Correspondence with Prof. J. .D. Dana, May 24,1867; quoted iu Dana's 

Sys. Min., p. 455.
EMERSON.] A MINER ALOGICAL LEXICON. 67 

1868. Pihlite. Goshen, Norwich.

Analysis by B. S. Burton. (Jymatolite quoted as a synonym (Dana'sSys. 

Min., p. 455), with changed spelling.

"The locality (Norwich) is a mistake, as Professor Shepard says he 

found it only at the Barrus locality in Gosheu."

A. A. Julien : Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 327.

1871. Cymatolite. Chesterfield.

Analysis (imperfect and retracted) in the article "Spodiimene and its 

alterations," p. 327; occurs in a quartzose segregation of a granite vein 

on a supposed new mineral from Chesterfield.

A. A. Julien: Am. Chem., Vol. I, p. 300.

1877. Cymatolite. Goshen.

Crystals 2 inches long in bluff north of Lily Pond.

1877. Aglaite. (A. A. Julien.) Chesterfield.

"A new mineral species with interesting relations to pihlite and cymatolite." Name proposed and analysis given the same as below, except that 

the water is given as 3.0.1, part of which is below assigned to organic 

matter.

A. A. Julien: Eng. and Min. flour., Arol. XXIII, p. 217.

1879. Cymatolite. Goshen.

A preliminary notice in which the author restores the original name, 

cymatolite, but retains the name aglaito for the peculiarly brilliant and 

micaceous variety found at Goshen.

Analysis. 

SiO,..............................-.............:... 58.11

Alg03 .......................... .................:... 24.38

FejOa............................................... 1.66

MnO................................................ .18

MgO................................................ .75

CaO........................................ ........ .48

Li3 0................................................ .09

NasO ................................................ 2.57

K2O ................................................ 8.38

Organic matter ..................................... .43

(?) .................................................. 2.58

99. 61 

A. A. Julien: On the composition of the cymatolite from Goshen; Am.

Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XVII, p. 398.

(This small, micaceous variety found at Goshen was exactly the original

cymatolite of Shepard.)

1879. Cymatolite. Goshen. Chesterfield.

Goshen; on the Manning farm; impure yellowish. On the Barrus farm, 

variety a.glaite, always in continuation of (never as a crust on) the prisms of ' 

spodumene; Avith flat micaceous structure. At Chesterfield Hollow, Chesterfield, in crusts, often of large size, of fibrous micaceous structure, with 

wavy cleavage. A series of analyses of both the. Goshen and Chesterfield mineral and a most elaborate discussion of its chemical formula are 

given; then a microscopical description follows. "The fibers of cymatolite seem to spring from those of the spodumene," or rather of the killinite, which latter seems to occupy the position of the// spodumene of the 

next article by Brush and Dana. (See p. 346 of this article, and figures.)

A. A. Julien: Spodumene and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

Vol. I, p. 327. " .--
68 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. fuuLL.126. 

1879. Undetermined pseudomorph. West Chesterfield.

Pseudomorphs after spodumene rather indistinct.

A. A. Julien: Spodumene and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

Vol. I, p. 349.

1879. Albite after spodumene.

This form, generally mixed with a little muscovite and less quartz, is a 

mere variety of the albitic granite helow, and is rarer than the variety 

where mnscovite prevails to the exclusion of the other constituents.

A.A. Julien: Ibid., p. 349.

1879. Albitic granite after spodumene.

The pseudornorphs, most conspicuous hi size, even more so than those of 

cymatolite, consist of a vein granite made up of muscovite, albite, and 

quartz in varying proportions even within the same pseudomorph, with 

manganese, garnet, ccrsteclite, beryl, etc., occasionally interspersed.

The large cymatolite columns generally pass at one end into mixtures of 

this character, and enormous masses of 1 or 2 hundredweight have been 

formed. They consist of au "aggregation of perhaps only two or three 

pseuclomorphs of this kind, rudely, but in places distinctly, shaped, each 

from several inches to nearly a foot in diameter, and from 1 to nearly 3 feet 

in length. Various trausitions'were observed in the deposition of these 

materials, such as huge pseudomorphs of which a large core consisted of 

a coarse aggregate of mica crystals with au outer crust, one-half inch 

thick, of cymatolite; in other cases of grayish-white quartz.

The chemical explanation of this change seems to be: "A splitting up 

of two molecules of the bisilicate spodumene by a simple transference of 

two atoms of silica from one to the other into one molecule of muscovite 

and oue of albite, the lithium being replaced by potassium or sodium out 

of the solution during this change. This may be represented: Two molecules spodumene, 1 molecule muscovite, 1 molecule albite, K«Al.|Si8O;!4= 

RsAlaSisOg + Na3Al2 Sif,O,6."

A. A.Julieu: Ibid., p. 348.

1880. Cymatolite.

The supposed mineral is proved to be an intimate mixture of albite and 

muscovite. The spodnineue changes into "/3 spodurnene," a pegmatitic 

mixture of albite and a new mineral, eucryptite, which latter has changed 

into muscovite. The cymatolite is thus a cryptocrystalliue albitic granite.

G. J. Brush and E. S. Dana: The'spodumene of Branchville; Am. Jour. 

Sci., 3d series, Vol. XX, p. 267.

1892. Cymatolite.

" The cymatolite from Goshen was earlier (Eng. Min. Jour., XXII, 217) 

called aglaite by Julien."

E.S. Dana: Min., 368.

(This should read "Chesterfield" for "Goshen," "XXIII" for "XXII," 

and "later" for "earlier" since cymatolite was published ten years 

earlier than aglaite.)

.DAMOUBITE.

See Muscovite, 1840.

DATOLITE.

1876. Datholite. Greeiifield.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of .Miu., within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 4.
A MINEHALOGICAL LEXICON. 69 

1882. Datolite. Deerlield.

The datolito is second only to prehnite in abundance at the new cutting, 

and surpasses all the minerals occurring here in beauty, perfectly pellucid 

crystals up to 12 nun. long being not uncommon, and many of the same 

showing a great range of rave faces and curious and perplexing distortions. It occurs also in thin veins, developing no crystals on the north 

side of the river and rarely in the amygdnles in the light-gray diabase. 

The mineral fills the veins often completely with a white saccharoidal 

deposit from 10 to 50 mm. thick, with only here and there cavities in which 

fine crystals have come to deArelopmeut. It rests sometimes upon the trap 

itself, which is there quite fresh, and where slickensides occur they are of 

light-gray color, due to the mixture of datolite and trap, without the 

appearance of any of the chloritic or serpeutinous products of decomposition which darken the same formation in the prehnite. More commonly 

it rests upon a thin layer of massive prehnite, rarely with several alternations of datolite and prehuite in calcite or upon the thick layers of spiudle-shaped crystals of the former mineral, where the separate attached 

crystals reach the gre<atest perfection. The crystals of datolite, which 

resemble those of Faruiingtou. in their glassy clearness and general habit, 

are remarkable for the great number of faces represented and for the distinctness of the types into Avhich they are grouped, as well as for the manifold and intricate forms produced by the unique development sometimes 

of single faces and sometimes of all the faces on one side of the vertical 

plane.

The following is a list of all the forms presented, arranged according to 

the table given by E. S. Dana 1 : i-i (a), i-4 (ft), 0 (c), I (AT), i-2 (o), i-3 

(I), 1-4 (it), - H (»),- 0*0,- 00, 4-i (II), 2-i (£), H (fl), 1-* (<0, H (0, 

24 (!)), 44 (m),- 4 (»), 2 ( £ ), $ (A.), 1 (/<), * (x),-6-3 (q), - 4-2 (0), 4-2 

(©), 12-| (*),-16-2 (R),-8-2(/S),-4-2(Q),-|-2(lI),-2-2(r), 2-2 (D, 

-3-2" (i), 8-2 (B), |-2 (C), [new], »-$ (E), f-3 (F), £-5 (K), »-9 (G).»

For convenience of description the crystals may be divided into three 

types:

I. The regular. In this almost spherical forms are produced by the equal 

development of a large, number of faces. In one crystal x, K, m wore 

slightly larger than the rest; a, M, n, o,.ft, Q, equally developed; c, q, H, 

very small.

Another very stout, prismatic and resembling the Audreasberg crystals 

somewhat in the distribution of its faces, except that the elongation in 

the direction of the clinodiagonal axis was only slight, had the faces x, s, 

A., (j, m, largest; ii, M, 4, /?, Q, O, /.i, il, about equal; u, v, (/, i9, £, o, it, a, 

x, smaller.

A third was formed by the nearly equal development of a, x, >/, m, e, A., 

//, M, o, n, ft, E, with 0, s ( 6 i) q, and y subordinate.

A fourth minute but very beautiful crystal was unique for this locality 

in having the face o large and square and ii elongated vertically, the faces 

(j, m, u, x, a, n, M, e, A. o, ft, Q, U, a, about equally large, £, q,/.i, i, F small.

Several of the larger crystals of this type showed a new face in the zone 

^ (aO> 9 (2-i), and o (i-2), c (0) £-2, to which I have in the preceding list 

applied the letter C.

II. Prismatic type. By the great enlargement of x and two opposite faces 

of m a prism of 116° is formed, elongated in the direction of the axis of 

the zone x, o, m, the sharp edges of which are beveled by n and o elongated 

into narrow planes. The other planes are grouped in a very confusing

'Tacli. Min. Mitthoil., 1874, p. 5.

8 This list bus been corrected, as several misprints occurred in tbe original from lack of proof reading.
70 A MIN-EBALOGICAL LEXICON. fDWA.18fl, 

1882. Datolite Continued.

way around the ends of this prism. The uniform dullness of the Face .» is a 

characteristic feature. . '

The crystal under this type which was richest in faces showed the following combination: a, 1), c, M, o, x, </, m, n, s, A, //, q, ft, Q, U, B, a, 7; 

another lacked the faces 7;, k, and those in the //one B, o, /3. Other crystals 

showed the faces K, n, and T in traces.

III. The tabular, type. The roughened faces of x are large and nearly 

circular and approached so as to reduce the crystal to a thick plate, around 

the edge of which the other faces are placed. The crystals of this type 

resemble closely the Haytorite pseudomorphs, some of them having the 

same faces in the same relative development as in the latter, others being 

even richer in forms than any I have seen described from the Hay tor mine.

One crystal contained twenty-eight distinct forms, several only as fine 

lines, but all capable of quite close measurement. The crystal was peculiar 

in having the face a striated in two directions, forming a series of V's, as is 

common with the face o from other localities. The latter face is here finely 

polished. 1 The forms present were a, c, M, o, u, s, II, £, fl, (5, y. m, n, K, 

A, /.i, x, g, 0, ft, Q, U, a, B, E, F, X, G. Another crystal of this type went 

to the extreme of simplicity, being bounded by the faces a, c, M, o, £, g, 

m, n, K, A, /<, q, all quite large except q and 0, and the face | unusually 

large and shield shaped.

Similar tabular forms have been recently described from the spheres of 

chalcedony from Theiss in Tyrol.-

Inclosures in datolite. Calcitc. When the datolite is thrown in acid, 

much calcite is dissolved and a vesicular mass left; and similar pieces are 

found in the vein itself, showing that the same operation has been performed by natural agencies.

Selenite ? Barite ? In the thick veins the minerals are often abundantly 

gashed by the removal of broad, thin blades of some mineral, possibly 

selenite or barite, and the surfaces drused over by minute, very distorted 

crystals of datolite.

Axinite. Some of the finest crystals of axiuite occur in the datolite. 

The crystals are here sometimes short, stout prisms.

Prehnite. Small portions of prelmite are inclosed rarely in the lower

portion of the datolite; also small patches of the chloritic mineral identical with that derived from the decomposition of the former.

B.K.Emerson: The Deerfield dyke audits minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d 

series, Vol. XXIV, p. 352.

1882. Botryolite. Deerfield.

One cavity of the trap large and nearly globular, with vesicular walls, 

was filled with datolite, which was compact within the vesicles of the 

trap, but above was fine-granular, like loaf sugar, and much gashed, and at 

the surface coated with a layer of small botryoidal or globular botryolite, 

which would have been taken for hyalite if it had not proved fusible with 

green flame before the blowpipe.

Ibid., p. 355.

1888. Datolite. Deerfield.

Dr. 0. Luedeke: Ueber Datolith, eine mineralogische Monographic; Zeit. 

fur Naturwissenschafteu, Vol. LXI, p. 235.

'This striation was apparently parallel to the intersection edges which the face a produced would 

make with o and i-i. 

 2 C. Vrha, Zeitscb. Kryst., Vol. V, p. 425.
KMBHSON.]. A MINEttA^Ofl-KJAt 'LEXICON'. 71

1888. Datolite. Cheapside, north side of Deerfield KiverV 

ton. 

Tn changing the location of the Fitchb.urg Railroad, a deep cutting was 

made in the Deer ti eld trap directly opposite the 'above locality and on 

the same sheet, separated only by the width of the river. Many large 

cavities of fine crystals were found. The locality differed markedly from 

the one on the other side of the river, as datolite was here the only mineral. 

The crystals were often larger than at the other .locality, generally of the 

regular type and not quite so transparent, and showed a faint green tint.

DELESSITE. 

See Diabantite.

DKWEYLITE.

1820. Deweylite. Middlefield.

Emnions : Man. Min. and Geol., p. 134.

1835, "Deweylite?"

In serpentine in Russell, on bank of Westfield River, oue*liiilf mile north 

of serpentine location in Westfield. 

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Mass., p. 370. 

This was probably the bastite from the Atwater quarry.

1835. Kerolite. Middlefield.

" The compact variety, deweylite (Eminous), at Middlefield in seams and 

irregular veins. Pseudomorphoses after quartz of considerable dimensions and of grayish-white color."

C. U. Shepard : Miu., 1st edition, Part II, Vol. I, p. 292.

1841. Deweylite. Eussell, Middlefield.

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., p. 618.

1852. Kerolite (Deweylite). Middlefield.

C. U. Shepard: Min.. 3d ed., p. 146.

1870. Deweylite. Middlefield.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3.

1883. Deweylite. Middlefield.

Under the microscope a delicate micro-botryoidal and laminated structure, wholly amorphous and winding in sheets among the remains of the 

serpentine, in which and from which it is formed.

DIABANTITE. 

1818. Green earth. Deerfield.

Small quantity in amygdaloid.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield dyke and its min. ; Am. Jour.. Sci., 1st 

series, Vol. I, p. 113. .

1823. Chlorite. Deerfield, Greenfield, GUI.

In greenstone amygdaloid ; it fills two-thirds of the cavities in some varieties of greenstone, and to the naked eye has a radiated aspect, but Professor Dewey remarks that it does not appear to be radiated under a magnifier, 

great or small, but to consist of folia curiously arranged, often with no 

regularity, their length somewhat greater than their breadth.

Green cart It. "A part of the chlorite described above appears to belong 

to this species."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 28.
72 A MINESAJdOGrCAL LEXICON, J atrtt. ia«J. 

1826. Radiated chlorite.

With chlorophpeite.

E. Hitchcock: Ibid., Vol. X, p. 393.

1841. Chlorite. Greenfield, Deerfield, South Hadley, Northampton, 

West Springfield.

"A dull-green foliated mineral, which appears to be chlorite. The folia 

have in general a radiated structure and sometimes invest calcareous spar. 

A little below Turners Falls, in Gill, just at the mouth of Fall River, on 

the east bank, is the best locality of this mineral with which I am 

acquainted. More frequently the cavities are occupied by earthy chlorite 

* * * along the east side of the ranges of greenstone." 

. E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 660.

1876. Delessite. Greenfield (Turners Falls).

t C. U. Sbepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 4.

1882. Diabantite. Turners Falls, Springfield.

The chloritic mineral, so uniformly and abundantly disseminated in the 

diabase of the valley, was entered in the catalogue of the State collection by 

Dr. Hitchcock as foliated chlorite, Turners Falls, and a paler pulverulent 

variety, as earthy chlorite, Springfield. That the mineral is chemically 

identical with that analyzed by Hawes, and named diabantite by him, is 

extremely probable in view of their identity in all physical and especially 

optical properties, and of the monotonous similarity of the many diabase 

dikes of the Connecticut basin, in which both occur. That the mineral is 

distinct from delessite, as the word is used by Zirkel, Rosenbusch, and 

Heddle, is much less certain.

It is the earliest product of the decomposition of the diabase, and proceeded doubtless from the alteration of the augite. In one case I found a 

mass having the shape of an augite crystal filled with magnetite toward 

the outside and polarizing as a single individual, but possessing the brightgreen color and the strong dichroism of diabantite. It is disseminated in 

comparatively small amount through the mass of the rock between the 

feldspar crystals, and thus in the place of the augite, much more abundantly in the steam cavities and shrinkage cracks with which the rock 

abounds. It generally coated the empty arnygdaloidal cavities first with 

a quite thick (|-1 mm.) foliated-radiated layer with minute, delicate 

botryoidal surface. Several such layers sometimes followed each other, 

and then the center became filled with a confused granular mass of the 

same material, the whole making a very pleasing effect under the microscope with its bright-green color and striking dichroism. Under crossed 

nicols this central granular portion often assumes a deep chlorite green 

studded with bright colorless spots (calcite?), and maintains this color 

through a whole revolution of the object, the bright spots being alternately extinguished. Sometimes, in the gray mottled diabase, a layer of 

magnetite was interposed between the layers of diabantite, and rarely 

large distinct crystals of magnetite appear wholly surrounded (in section) 

by diabantite, and in one case a fine large feather of magnetite projected 

into the diabantite. The long feldspar crystals, also, which border the 

«avity, often project freely into it and are then perfectly and more complexly terminated than when in the mass. The diabantite folds around 

and does not penetrate them. Often the center of the cavity is filled with 

calcite, impregnated with diabantite, so as to produce a pegmatitic appear- 

 .. ance on cleavage faces, or with finely fibrous prehnite, and this also is for 

a greater or less distance toward the center blackened by the abundance 

of the diabautite which it has inclosed.
KMBRSON.I A MINERALQGIOAL LEXICON. 73 

1882. Diabantite Continued.

On the other hand, where over the botryoidal layer of diabantite there 

appear quartz, datolite, uatrolite, sphalerite, or other sulphurets, they are 

entirely free from this impregnation. In the broad mineral-bearing fissures 

the diabantite often impregnates layers of scaly or fibrous prehnite 1 to 5 

mm. thick over considerable surfaces so that a black or blackish-green 

mass results, often abundantly slickensided, which so resembles a very finegrained scaly or fibrous schist that I supposed it to be formed by the pulverizing of the trap by friction and the cementing of the powder by prehnite, until the microscope made known its true character.

Farther north, on the dike opposite Turners Falls, the large flattened 

cavities are lined with a botryoidal. layer, 1 mm. thick, of black-green 

diabantite, with crystals of chalcopyrite, blende, and albite upon it. The 

interior is very often filled with a dark olive-green fine-granular mixture 

of crystals of diabantite, Avhich can be shaken out of the cavity as a fine 

powder, each grain of which appears, under the microscope, as beautifully 

vermicular as the helminth of the older rocks.

The paragenesis of the mineral is thus quite definitely fixed, it Avas

the first product of the decomposition of the diabase, and its formation 

ceased not very long after calcite and prehnite began to be deposited in 

the cavities and fissures. As the formation of the latter minerals was 

attended by quite energetic decomposition of the trap, the formation of 

the diabantite, occurring still earlier, may well have been promoted by the 

increased chemical activity of the waters during the cooling of the trap 

after its solidification. The mineral seerns to me plainly of secondary 

formation, and! can see no good ground for thinking that it was formed 

and deposited where we find it during the rise of the lava through the 

sandstones. The cavities flattened and fluidally arranged in the lower 

part of the mass, with well-terminated feldspars projecting into them, and 

growing very abundant and graduating into long vertically placed tubes 

in the upper portions, have certainly been formed by steam and can not 

have been filled till after solidification of the rock. This is much more 

certainly the case with the broad fissures that extend across the whole 

dike, Avhich seem fora time to have furnished a passageway for boracicacid springs, and in which the diabantite must have been formed much as 

were the calcite and prehuite that it has impregnated. The filling of 

the cavities also with several concentric and botryoidal layers, sometimes 

separated by calcite, Avould indicate slow deposition from water.

The great amount of protoxide of iron in the mineral does not seem to 

me to need for its explanation the assumption that it is an original constituent of the rock. The waters brought up in the lava, on becoming 

liquid, or the waters Avhich reached the bed after percolating through the 

bituminous sandstones of the valley, may have been deprived of oxygen 

and able to exert strong solvent activity, Avithout peroxidiziug the iron of 

the augite. In discussing a mineral Avhich seems to be identical Avith our 

diabantite and Avhich forms the first coating of the amygdules of the 

phillipsite-bearing feldspar basalt of Salesl, Von Zepharovich 1 derives the 

same from spluerosiderite, the radiated and concentric structure and the 

botryoidal surface resembling in miniature that common iuthe carbonate. 

A cellular structure and traces of rhombohedral forms Avere also observed. 

I have seen here no traces of any such crystal forms. The cellular or 

excaArated structure occurs frequently and can be produced in fresh specimens by acid, by the removal of calcite. The occurrence of the mineral 

in fresh prehnite and calcite would militate against its being here a 

pseudomorph after siderite.

1 Zeitsch. Kryst., Vol. V, 1880. p.!
74 A. MXNERALO&ICAL LEXICON,

1882. Diabantite Continued. . ...

I'rodxcts of the decomposition, of diabantite From its great content of 

ferrous oxide the mineral is very prone to decomposition,-and in sections 

cut near the weathered surface of the rock its color has become red-brown, 

its strong dichroism is gone, and ib shows only the faintest aggregate 

polarization. Sometimes a cavity shows the exterior changed and brown, 

the interior bright-green, with sharp lines of demarcation. In the large 

amygclules, masses of gold or bronze yellow, sometimes light straw-yellow, 

can be obtained, which exfoliate voluminously under the blowpipe, and 

then by a sharp explosion throw off the foliated portion and begin the 

operation anew. It is a diabantite vermiculi.lt!. At the end of this series of 

changes only a small quantity of limonite remains.

AVhen a slide of the diabase is treated with hydrochloric acid, both the 

fresh and the altered diabantite are decomposed and white silica remains 

behind iu plates having still the shape and arrangement of the original 

mineral. This is also th<> case with the vermicnlite out of the crystalline 

rocks iu Pelham.

Similar amygdules occur in the compact diabase, having a white color 

or being iu part still green and dichroic, and having exactly the arrangement of the diabantite. These are silica, I have no doubt, and have been 

produced by some natural process analogous .to the artificial one employed 

above. The white portions show marked aggregate polarization in white 

and black, but without bright colors.

B.K.Emerson: The Deerfield dyke and its minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d 

series, Vol. XXIV. p. 198.

DIALLAGE.

1823. Diallage. Con way? Granite.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 227. 

(This was possibly zoisite.)

1824. Diallage. Chester, Middlefield.

Chester, in diallage rock? Resembles metalloidal diallage. 

Middlefield. In small quantity and small jirain jn serpentine. 

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 49.

(The first citation was probably a bronzy hornblende; the second, 

bastite.)

1868. See Bustatite.

3883. Diallage. Belchertown, Palmer.

In dark-green diallage granite, mostly changed to tonalite, in South 

Belchertown, and extending to Palmer.

Diallage with the usual brown-red inclusions as abundant and well 

characterized as in hypersthene from Pauls Island. Color green, fibrous; 

crystals just visible to the eye, then deep bronze like hypersthene, changing into a green fibrous uralitic hornblende, and this on the border into a 

scaly ring of bright-green chlorite.

DIALLOGITE. 

See Bhodockrosite.

DIASPORE. 

1865. Diaspore. Chester.

Needle-shaped crystals and blades on joints of emery blocks or sometimes embedded in compressed rounded mosses quite within its substance; 

colorless, pink, violet; perfect crystals in open spaces.

C. U. Shepard: Keport ou Chester emery mine, p. 9.
BMEBSON.] A MINERALGGICAL LEXICON; 75

1865. Diaspore, Chester.

With rose-colored aniphodelite and with radiated opidote; distinct crystals and broad white lamina1,. 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jonr. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, pp. 112.123.

I860. Diaspore. Chester.

Analysis.

H2 0 .......................

AlaO, ---- - - ---- 

FeO(TiO,)....... ..........

No. 1 .

14.75

80. 75

4.50

TOO. 00

Xo. 2.

14.8

83.0

3.0

100. 00

C. T. Jackson: Ibid., Vol. XLII, p. 107.

1870. Diaspore. Chester.

Fine crystal, seniitrausparent and of rich hair-brown color, with a faint 

tinge of violet; sp. gr. 3.34-3.

15. 80

0.32

FeO(MuO)........................................... 0.38

AlsOs (dif.) ......................................... 83.50

100.00 

C. U. Shepard : Min. Contrib.; Am. Jonr. Sci., 2d series, Vol. L, p. 9(5.

1886. Diaspore. Chester.

Commonly in thiu cleavage planes implanted upon a magnetite gaugnc, 

occasionally in very delicate acicular crystals and again in groups of 

crystals tabular, parallel to the brachypinacoid. The crystals are in fact 

composite, consisting of parts in nearly parallel position. They are deeply 

striated in the vertical zone and also in the /one p e. The observed planes 

are a (100, i-i), b (010, i-i), h (210, i-2), L (120, i-2), e (Oil, i-i), s (212,1-2), 

1> (111,1), 11(344,14), V (122, 1-2).

E. S. Dana: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, "Vol. XXXII, p. 388.

1890. Diaspore.

The old vein has been reopened and a shaft 150 feet deep sunk from the 

hilltop to the main adit. Much din.sporo struck in thicker veins and very 

broad sheets. Single cleavage surfaces 4 to 5 inches broad, 9 to 10 inches 

wide. Great masses of loosely interlaced blades of the finest color and 

luster, from rich peach-blossom color to deep pink. Also broad surfaces 

of magnetite covered with tabular crystals of a rich, smoky, amethystine 

color. The finest specimen, a surface nearly a foot square, is owned by 

Mr. N. A. Howard, director of the Hampden Quarry Company.

DILLNITE. 

.1876. Dillnite. Pelhain.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3. 

(Probably the clay-like material from the entire decomposition of the 

biotite at the asbestos mine.)
76 A MINEHALOGICAL LEXICON.

DOLOMITE. 

1818. Bitter spar. Loudville. Southampton lead mine.

Fine specimens.

A. Eaton: Southampton adit; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st scries, Vol. I, p. 137.

1820. Dolomite. Middlefield (E. Emmons).

Professor Dewey: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. II, p. 236.

1822. Brown spar. Leverett.

In vein of galena (Hitchcock). 

Cleaveland: Mm., Vol. I, p. 183.

1823. Brown spar. Leverett.

In vein of galena, pyrite, copper, and blende; grouped in rhombic crystals on quartz, the lamellae usually rounded. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 212.

1823. Rhomb spar. Dolomite. Southampton, Middletield. 

Ibid.

1824. Dolomite. Middletield.

In steatite; some fine white close-grained; others show cleavage distinctly; others yellowish-brown, high pearly luster, translucent; also in 

west of town with tremolite.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 34.

1824. Rhomb spar. Middletield.

E. Emmons: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 255.

1824. Brown spar. West Springfield.

With amethyst; found by Mr. Alonzo Chapiu. 

C. U. Shepard: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 235.

1825. Rhomb spar. Southampton.

In veins of galena. 

Eobinson's Cat., p. 70.

1826. Rhomb spar. Cuinmingtou.

Well crystallized in steatite.

.T. Porter: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. X, p. 18.

1835. Bitter spar. Middlefield.

Masses 3 to 4 inches across in delicate green talc, white or salmoncolored. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 362.

1835. Ankerite. In West Springfield, in connection with the coal 

formation,

C. U. Shepard: Min., Part II, Vol. I, p. 25.

1835. Brown spar. Leverett; north mine.

Few crystals.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 502.

1841. Brown spar. Leverett.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 101.

1841. Bitter spar. Middlefield.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 700.

1841. Miascite. Zoar.

Columnar variety of dolomite; in talcose schist. 

Ibid.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 77 

1844. Breunnerite. Ibid.

Suggests that the rhombohedral crystals in steatite in Middlefield are 

of this species. 

F. Alger: Alger's Phillips Min., p. 297.

1866. Dolomite. Chester.

In some veins with sapphire at Chester emery mine. 

C.T.Jackson: Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XI, p. 32.

1876. Ankerite. West Springfield.

C'. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 2.

(The coal formation mentioned above (1835) is, of course, the dark 

Triassic shale, and the citation seems to be the same as that given by 

Professor Shepard, 1825, of brown spar with amethyst. This would make 

the locality to be the trap, as no amethyst has been found in the shales. 

I have found only calcite and siderite hi the shale and trap of this region.)

1890. Dolomite.

Dolomite in fine cleavage specimens, associated with green talc, can be 

obtained at all the serpentine beds, especially at Middlefield and Rowe.

All the crystals I have seen from the lead mines have been calcite and 

not dolomite'.

1895. Dolomite. Chester.

In running the adits in the talc bordering the emery vein fine, large 

specimens of dolomite have been obtained. They were large, white 

rhombohedra.

ENSTATITE.

1826. Petalite (?). Westfield, 5 miles west of Academy.

Unknown mineral suspected to be petalite; sp. gr. 23-25; scratches glass; 

fine foliated; melts to enamel with difficulty; no effervescence; in places 

rose red or purple; in 1-inch layers in serpentine; no lithia, but lime and 

magnesia.

E. Davis: Rocks and minerals of Westfield, and appendix; ibid., Vol. X, 

p.213.

(This is the eustatite from the Munus Brook locality on the line between 

Southwick and Granville or from bowlders of the same farther north.)

1835. Scapolite. Westfield.

Compact.

C. U. Shepard: Min., Part II, Vol. II, p. 175.

1841. Scapolite or Petalite. Westfield.

In serpentine in Westfield in vein nearly 1 foot wide. 

Ibid., p. 618.

1841. Anthophyllite. Westfield.

"Also a mineral which I am disposed to refer to anthophyllita." 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p.618.

1868. Diallage. Westfield and Blandford in serpentine.

J.D.Daua: Sys. Min., p. 220.

(The Westfield citation is plainly the above; that from Blandford I suppose to be Shepard's "anthophyllite," which I have referred to actinolite.)

1889. Enstatite. Granville.

The coarse enstatite rock of Munus Brook, Atwater's quarry, and WestHeld River is described in the monograph on the region, and the large 

crystals of enstatite, superficially .altered to bastite and talc, which 

occur in bowlders at the cemetery in Grauville and just north in the great
78 A MJNERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1889. Enstatite Continued.

ledge in the swamp east of J. Downey's and also south of J. M. Cooley's 

in the northeast of Granville, where crystals 6 inches long can be obtained, 

are fully discussed.

1893. Diallage. Westfield and Blandford in serpentine. 

C.Hinze: Min., p. 1091.

BPIDOTE. 

1818. Epidote. Deerneld, Shutesbury, Leyden, Pelham (poor).

E. Hitchcock: Geol, Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I. ]>. 114.

1823. Epidote.

Tolland (Webster); Shntesbury, small crystals in gneiss. In many 

other places not very interesting. Shelburue, arenaceous. East Shutesbury, Leyden, Shelburne, Auckland, Whately, Belchertowu, Mousou, in 

hornblende and greenstone slate.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 223.

1824. Epidote. Pelham.

C. U. Shepard: Miu. Loc.; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 235.

1824. Epidote, Worthington, upon hornblende rocks; Middleneld, 

Chester.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 44.

1825. Epidote. Belchertown. 

In greenstone (Eaton). 

Robinson's Cat. Min., p. 36.

1825. Epidote. Plainfield, crystallized or granular. Williamsburg, in 

quartz, remarkably beautiful.

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX,p. 54. 

1827. Epidote. Williamsburg.

In quartz in layers, with small garnets as a focus, around which the epi- 

. dote is radiated.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire Cotinty; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 259.

1835. Epidote. Williamsburg, Middlefield, Cbester, Cummington, 

Worthington, Plaiufield.

In mica-slate embedded in quartz with hornblende. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 346; Geol. Mass., 1841, p. 606.

1841. Epidote. Pelham, with schorl in gneiss.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 637. 

1844. Epidote. (Carbunculus rhomboidem*.) Kowe.

In hornblende slate.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 379.

1865. Epidote. Chester emery vein.

Frequent, especially in the vein on both sides the smaller Deerneld 

River; light yellowish-green; 1 to 2 inches long by one-eighth to oue-lifth 

inch wide, with margarite; also radiated pistachio-green with diaspore 

on cross joints of vein rock.

C. U. Shepard: Report Chester emery mine, p. 11.

1866. Epidote. Nbrthfieldj on Northfield Mountain.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2cl series, A^ol.XLII, p. 248.

(Only unimportant traces of epidote were found by me during a careful 

survey of Northneld Mountain, and the best local mineralogists know of 

no important locality there.)
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 79 

1882. Epidote. Pelhain. Ward's quarry, in gneiss.

In elongated, flattened, and striated blades ami sheaf-like aggregations 

of blades, blackish-green at one end and pistachio-green at the other.

1882. Epidote. Deerfield.

"Occurs rarely low down in the prehnite; more commonly in drusy surfaces in its upper part, or spread in delicate tufts of flat blades upon the 

spindle-shaped crystals. It is included also with interrupted crystallization in the calcite which follows upon the prehnite. The maximum size of 

the crystals is 3 nun. They are mostly thick plates, and under the microscope show as brilliant luster and as rich dark-green as the specimens from 

the Dauphiny. It incloses as an aggregate prehnite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and calcite, but the separate crystals are perfectly pure and 

transparent. The thickest crystals are deep pistachio-green; the thin 

plates are deep brown-red, sometimes half colorless."

B. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke and its minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d scries, 

Vol. XXIV, p. 350.

1883. Epidote. Pelliam; Gaylord's pasture.

In fragments of large bowlder west of the west serpentine knob, Imile 

south of red house; the bowlder made up wholly of epidote and calcite; 

quite good crystals an inch long; twins. Most of the epidote crystals in 

collections from Pelham are from this locality. The beautiful slickensided 

surfaces of light-green polished epidoto come from the gneiss in the west 

of Pelham.

1885. Epidote. Rowe.

Curved, thick, columnar forms in pyrite in J. M. Davis & (Jo.'s mine. 

Analysis.

SiOs ................................................ 3S.20

AlsOa ............................................... 24.62

Fe203 ............................................... 12.20

MnO................................................ .57

MgO...................................... .......... .13

CaO ................................................ 21.59

Alk....... .......................................... .37

H3 0 ................................................ 2.16

Ees................................................. 35. 00

1 100.19

A. G. Dana: Gahnite of Rowe; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, 'Vol. XXIX, 

p. 456.

1892. Epidote. Rowe.

In the pyrite mine with gahnite. 

E. S. Dana: Min., p. 520.

1885. Epidote. Chester, Worthingtou, Hawley, Warwick, Huntington.

Chester. On a flat fissure surface of the emery an acicular-radiate 

growth, the blades being 5 cm. long and of a line light pistachio-green. 

Also beautiful elongate-bladed crystals of deeper color on granular chlorite. The finest specimens are in the collection of Mr. Ames, of Chicopee.

Worthiugton. Below Cushiug's gate, 1 mile west of Center. Fine crystals occur in the chlorite schist of the Hawley series.

1 Two analyses.
80 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BOLL. 126. 

1885. Epidote Continued.

Hawley. M. V. Cressey's farm. Large bowlders full of large interlaced 

blades, often much warped, of deep-green epidote in sericite-schist of the 

Hawley series.

Warwick. Crystal hill. On the blind road running south from the 

village to Hastings pond. Great masses of a rock consisting of massive 

epidote of rich pistachio-green and deep-red garnet, associated Avith hornblende schist. Drusy surfaces of very dark epidote crystals of complex 

form occur.

Huntingtoh, A half mile south of the East Branch. From a calcareous 

layer in the Conway schist, associated with coarse biotite. Pearl-gray 

crystals which strongly suggest zoisite. I found the angles of epidote by 

many measurements. Fine crystals nearly an inch across and two inches 

long, elongated in the direction of I and twinned, with the twinning 

plane a often multiple twinned. From the rarity of the color these 

crystals have sold for high prices.

EUCHLOKITE. 

1876. Euchlorite. 

See Biotite.

'. EUMANITE. 

1851. Eumanite. Shepard. Chesterfield.

Only a single minute crystal less than a, grain in weight is known. 

Described and figured.

Editor's note (J. D. Dana?): Remarks the crystallographical similarity 

with topaz.

Mineralogical notices: Mineral species described by Prof. C. U. Shepard; 

Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. IV, p. 317; Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, 

Vol. XII, p. 211.

1851. Eumanite. Chesterfield.

"A few days since I received for examination from Mr. J. E. Teschemacher 

two minute crystals of the eumanite of Professor Shepard. They had long 

been in his cabinet.

"Eumanite and brookite are very closely similar, not only in physical 

characters, but also in crystallization."

J. D. Dana: On the crystallographic identity of eumanite and brookite; 

Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XII, p. 397.

1852. Eumanite. Chesterfield.

J. E. Teschemacher: On the angles of eumanite; Am. Jonr. Sci., 2d series, 

Vol. XIII, p. 117.

1852. Eumanite. Chesterfield.

Description and figure. It appears to approach mengite. 

C.U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 285.

1868. Brookite. (?) Eumanite (Shepard). Chesterfield.

Its chemical identity with brookite has not been ascertained. 

Dana: Min., p. 165.

1876. Brookite. Eumanite.

Omitted, probably by oversight.

C.U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Araherst.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. . 81

1892. Eumanite.

Made to follow brookite as an imperfectly known species.

E. S.Dana: Sys. Min.,p.243.

The crystals upon which.the species was founded were burned -with the 

Shepard collection. As the mineral was not found by Julien in his 

exhaustive study of the tourmaline-bearing veins, the final determination 

of the mineral will probably be long delayed.

FASCICULJTE. 

1823. Fasciculite. (Hitchcock. See Amphibole.)

This form of hornblende is so widely spread and characteristic iu the 

Hawley schists that I have frequently used the word as a variety name in 

the geological discussion of the region.

FIBKOLITE.

See Sillimaiiite.

FLUORITE.

1810. Fluat of lime. Loudville.

First pointed out as such by Dr. Bruce, who has recently visited the 

spot. The prevailing color is green, but there are spots of purple and 

blue; the structure is lamellar; the green pieces are translucent, and a 

few cubical crystals occur.

B. Silliman: Bruce's Jour., Vol. I, p. 68.

1822. Fluate of lime. Deer/field.

Dr. Cooley has discovered iu Deerfield liuate of lime, crystallized, I 

believe, in dodecahedrons, though I could not determine this certainly, as 

I had no glass when I examined them.

Letter of E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. V, p. 407.

1822. Fluorite. Near Northampton.

Dr. David Hunt: Editor's note; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 188.

1823. Fluate of lime. Conway. Loudville. Deerfield.

Conway. Massive, light green; iu small quantities in a vein in micaslate. Loudville (Gibbs). Deerfield; in a loose stone with galena.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Ki%rer; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 212.

1841. Fluor spar. Conway. Loudville.

Green and purple. Hollow pseudouiorphs in quartz cubes, drney within 

and without. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 701-702.

1858. Fluor spar. West Springfield.

Purple, incrnsting Triassic bituminous limestone.

E. Hitchcock: Cat. State collection; Kep. State Board Agri., p. xx.

1882. Fluorite. Northfield.

Purple; in fissures in qnartzite in Eoss's lead mine. Winchester line, 

Perchec Brook.

Bull. 126 -6
82 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1882. Fluorite. Deerfield.

"Emerald-green dodecahedra, like beads strung upon a satin thread, 

occur half embedded in and scattered over and among the last-formed 

iibrous prehnite, the crystals 0.03 mm. in length; also in the same relation 

to epidote and inclosed in the calcite which succeeds these. In a single 

case each emerald-green octabedra and cubo-octahedro, 0.03 mm. in size, 

in a drusy cavity in epidote and in green cubes upon prehnite."

13. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke and its minerals; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d 

series, Vol. XXIV, p. 350.

1886. Fluorite.

Northampton. Quarry south of W. N. Moore's, east of Florence.

In minute colorless cubes incrusting calcite, and in hollow quartz 

pseudomorphs after the same.

Hatfield. At lead mine. In small quantity on barite; purple.

Hawley. At the southern openings on the hematite vein; white cubes, 

8 mm. across.

GAHNITE. 

1885. Gahnite. Eowe.

.In pyrite, at the mines of J. M. Davis & Co.

In outer portion of pyrite mass; greenish; up to three-fourths of an 

inch in size; 0, <x> O, twins.

Analysis. 

Al,0:! .....................................'.......... 54.83

Fe,03 ............................................... 3. 00

FeO ................................................ 3.37

MnO............................................... Trace.

MgO................................................ 1.93

ZnO ................................................ 36. 92

SiO, ................................................ .53

1 100.58

A. Gr. Dana: On the gahuite of JRowe; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. 

XXIX, p. 455.

1888, Gahnite.

Analysis. 

Alj03 and Fe,0:i ..................................... 58.05

ZnO ................................................ 35.90

Insoluble ........................................... 1.49

95. 54

Gahnite or zinc spinel from Rowe, Mass., W. 0. Crosby and C. L. Brown. 

Tech. Quarterly, Vol. I, p. 407.

GALENA. 

1810. Galena. Southampton lead mine.

 ' 'Both of the broad foliated kind commonly called potters' lead ore, and 

of the small foliated kind usually denominated steel-grained ore; masses 

from a fraction of an inch to more than a foot in diameter; very pure and 

rich. Sometimes beautifully crystallized in cubes with blende on quartz; 

affords 50 to 60 per cent of lead, 12^-ounces per ton; silver."

B. Sniiman : Brace's Jour., Vol. I, p. 65.

'Mean of two analyses.
EMEHSON.J A MINEKALOGICAL LEXICON. 83

1818. G-alena. Whately, Montgomery, Southampton, Hatfield. 

Single crystals not in place in Greenfield. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115.

1818. Sulphuret of lead. Southampton.

The fairest cubic crystals are slightly attached to the points of the 

quartz crystals. Found 774 feet from the mouth of the adit. 

Amos Eaton: Southampton adit; ibid.,p. 136.

1827. Galena.

Leverett. One mile northwest of meetinghouse, 1£ miles south of the 

first locality; in granite. Hattield, 1 or 2 miles west of village, in syenite. 

Williamsburg, east part; granite, runs into Whately; one-half mile west 

of above, in granite. Whately, southwest part, in granite; on north line, 

in granite. Conway, east part, in granite. Williamsburg, northeast 

part, bowlders of granite. Goshen,60 rods west of church, in mica slate. 

Northampton, southwest part. Southampton. Loudville, and 3 or 4 miles 

south.

A.Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 249.

1835. Galena. In fetid limestone in West Springfield, at Paine's 

quarry.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 230.

1838. Galena. Kussell. Farm of John Gould. Norwich, farm of 

Quartus Angell. 

E. Hitchcock: Econ. Geol., p. 127.

1841. Galena. Fourteen veins in vicinity of Connecticut Kiver. 

Adds nothing to preceding citations. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., filial report, p. 199.

1844. Galena. (Plumbites cubicus.) Southampton. Leverett.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Miu., p. 497.

1882. Galenite. Deerfield.

Extremely rare in minute grains in prehnite, chlorophasite, and calcite; 

in veins in diabase.

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p.351.

1883. Galena. Leverett.

East mine, in fine small cubes. 

'Whitaker, class of ;83, Amherst College.

1895. Galena. Southampton lead mine.

Pseudoniorph in quartz. Hollow cubes, with thin plates on the interior, 

which have penetrated the cubical cleavage of the galena.

GAENET. 

1818. Garnet. Conway, Deerfield, Shelburne.

Melanite. Conway.

E.Hitchcock: Geology of Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p. 114.

In a supplement it is said that above is probably not melanite; ibid., 

p. 439. ' ' '

1822. Garnet. Plainfield.

Mass as large as one's head entirely composed of garnets one-fourth inch 

* diameter in hyaline quartz.

£>r, J. Porter: Editor's note; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IV, p. 55.
84 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [ButL.128.

1823. Garnet. Tolland, Plainfield, Chesterfield, Conway, Deerfield, 

Brimiield.

Tollaud; nearly rose red (Webster). Plaiufield, in limpid quartz, trapezohedrons black (J. Porter); in talcoinicaceous slate, dodecahedrons 

brown-red, one-third inch in diameter, dodecahedrons with truncated 

edges, dull-red, two-fifths inch; also in dodecahedrons 2 inches in diameter in talcose slate. Chesterfield, with sappare, trapezohedrons, light 

rose-red. Conway and Deerfield, in hornblende and mica-slate, black 

dodecahedrons.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Eiver; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 222.

1823. Pyrope. Brimfield.

In granite, with light-green feldspar in rounded irregular masses of a 

delicate poppy red, much resembling some varieties of the ruby. " It 

scratches crystallized quartz," says Professor Dewey, "and melts rather 

hardly into a dark enamel; found in digging a well."

E. Hitchcock: Loc. cit.

1823. Colophonite. At Conway!

E.Hitchcock: Loc. cit., p.222.

1824. Garnet. Hawley, Middlefield, Chester.

Hawley; large dodecahedrons. Middlefield; dodecahedrons, trapezohedrous, and the same with truncated edges.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p.44.

1824. Melanite. Chester; in hornblende.

C. DeAvey: Ibid.

1825. Melanite. Conway; in mica-slate.

Eaton: Index, p. 145; Robinson's Cat., p. 44.

1826. Garnet. Chesterfield.

Some rocks of reddish-brown hornblende contain an immense number 

of garnets from the size of a shot up to that of a small cannon ball. These 

rocks are situated a mile northeast of the meetinghouse, near the celebrated locality of cyanite.

J. Porter: Min. Not.; Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. IX, p. 18.

(This is the garnet-cummmgtonite rock.)

1835. Garnets. Brimfield, Wales, Ware.

Very delicate garnets in Brinifield, in gneiss; also less tine in Wales and 

Ware. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p.398.

1841. Garnet. Westfield.

Massive iri serpentine. Also summary of above citations. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 188, 606, 618.

1844. Garnet. (Carlunculus dodecaliedrus.} Brimfield, Chesterfield, 

Cummington.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Miu., p. 382.

1866. Garnet. Korthfield, on DSTorthfield Mountain.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 248.

1886. Garnet. North field.

Fine deep-red garnets, almost suitable for cutting, occur in immense 

numbers on old Chapin farm on Northtield Mountain, five minutes'walk 

east of black lead mine; crystals nearly an inch across, 2O2 with striated 

faces. QO 0.
EMERSON7 .] A' M1NERALOGICAL LEXICON. 85

1887. G-arnet. Davis mine, Eowe.

.Red-brown, 6 to 8 mm. across, <x> 0. Broad surface of pyrite and garnet, 

making attractive specimens.

1894. G-arnet. Almandite. Goshen, etc.

The garnet characteristic of the Gosheu and Conway schists, which has 

oi'teu been called nielanite, is a common iron alumina garnet.

The crystals have a curious and beautiful structure when seen in thin 

section. Commencing at the center, six radial bands of quartz grains 

extend outward in the clear material, and the latter becomes gradually 

clouded with a very line dust, which increases to a maximum, and a clear 

band follows with beautiful bastion-like outgrowths at the corners. (See 

fig. 1, showing garnet with quartz enclosures and clear rim from secondary 

enlargement, from Con way schist, Hawk's quarry, Goshen.)

Fig. 1. Garnet with quart/ inclosnros.

An analysis was made by Mr. George Steiger, of the United States Geological Survey, of material selected from a typical specimen of the Conway 

schist coarsely spangled with transverse biotites from the northwestern 

part of Gosheu.

Analysis.

SiOs................................................ 37.30

TiOo...........................:.................... .24

' AL2 03 ....'........................................... 21.84

Fe2 03 

FeO . 

MnO. 

CaO . 

MgO.

.98

32.62

1.86

3.19

2.50

100.53

1894. Garnet. Warwick.

On south road to Warwick, at last house hut one before reaching town 

lino; crystals quite good and abundant in mica-schist, oo 0, 2 0 2, 9 mm. 

in diameter. Also on North Mountain, three-fourths mile east of Horace 

Sykes's; crystals deep-red antl of perfect form, oo O, 2 0 2, 25 mm. in 

diameter.

Warwick, at D. Bacon's, northwest of town, oo 0 up to 10 mm.; fine 

crystals in mica-schist.

1894. G-arnet.

Chester, at the "quartz mine" in the extreme east of the town, 2 O 2; 

30 mm. iu diameter, fine dark-red near center; large and line, like the 

Eussell crystals.
86 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1894. Garnet Russell.

One mile south of Thorp's, now Pomeroy's, the first house on the river 

road coming from Westfield, perfect forms 202, abundant and very large 

black almandine garnets from a granite vein. This locality has been 

largely worked by Mr. Daniel Clark and by a Mr. Johnson, of Tyringham, 

and specimens from this locality, most ingeniously fabricated, have been 

offered for sale as coming from Tyringham. Many hundred dollars' worth 

Avere obtained from the locality, which is now exhausted. They have 

been also cited as coming from Westfield.

1894. Garnet.

Huutingtou, 2 0 2 in granite, 75 mm. across.

1895. Garnet North field.

C. A. Ware's pasture, Gulf road; bowlder of coarse muscovite granite.

Red almandine garnets with exceptional dodecahedral cleavage, of the 

form 202, three-fourths inch across, with a kelyphite-like rim threesixteenths inch wide, but with irregular outer border, which is opaque 

white, but appears finely plumose with a lens. A narrow dark-green 

border can bo.seen to separate the white rim from the garnet.

Under the microscope the garnet is seen to have a very irregular surface, 

and a layer of zoisite and hematite fits into a,ll the irregularities and 

builds out quite perfect crystal faces for the garnet. The hematite is in 

parallel bands in distant partings in the zoisite, and round blebs of this 

are inclosed with quartz grains in the clear garnet.

Outside this is a second thin layer of a green chlorite, and the series is 

closed by a broad and beautifully plumose and tufted growth of fibrolite 

in the finest fibers, which grows out into the feldspar and quartz of the 

surrounding granite.

GEDEITE.

1892. Gedrite. (Aluminous anthophyllite.) Warwick.

On the hill 20 rods south of Harris's soapstone quarry. A very coarse, 

granular, rich hair-brown rock. The separate plates show fine cleavage 

parallel to the prism and pinacoids. Under the microscope a part of the 

color is found to be due to the deep red-brown rutile grains and rods, 

which often are geniculate crystals.

The mineral shows moderate pleochroism; a almost colorless; b clove 

brown; c pale clove brown. Transverse sections, showing strong cleavage of 124°, gave the ring system symmetrical to c and the plane of the 

optical axes parallel to b. It is optically negative.

Delicate needles, long and rigidly straight and parallel, occur now and 

then in some number parallel to c and b. The mineral is very fresh, and 

' will furnish fine cabinet specimens in great quantity. The large soapstone deposit to the north is formed by its decomposition.

The following analysis (I) was made with very fresh material, separated 

by heavy solution, in the laboratory of the Survey, by Mr. E. A. Schneider. 

II was of the average rock, by L. G. Eakins.

Si02 .................

TiO«*...... ..........

Al,08 ...... ..........

Cr2 0, ................ 

Ve,03 ...... ..........

FeO...... ............

MnO.... .............

MgO...... ...........

CaO........ ..........

I.

47.86

.03

14.09

............

13.41

.57

II.

50.05

.50

13. 03

Trace. 

.27

12.67

.15

1 7'-i

K5 0 ..................

T\JT A

H2 0 (105°)............

H2 0 (above 105°)......

p.2 o6 . ............ .....

B2 03 ...... ............

I.

.06

.93

2.40 

.05

II.

.04

L37

t2.96

' Total 7; Oj in the form of rutilo. \ Direct determination.
EMEHSON.J A. MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 87

GOETHITE.

1852. Goethite. Greenfield, near Turners Palls.

In powdery scales along with thechalcopyritein a thin vein at the junction of the sandstone and trap. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., p. 278.

GOLD.

1833. Gold.

E. Hitchcock: Gcol. Mass.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series,'Vol. XXII, p. 65; 

Separate publication, Amherst, Mass., p. 65.

The probability of finding gold in the sericite-schist is fully discussed 

and an account is given of its being found in his presence at Somerset, Vt., 

.just over the State line; twenty or thirty pieces, in weight 7 grains. He 

indicates the neighborhood of the Hawley iron mine or the Plaiufield 

manganese bed or the bed of the Deerfield Eiver, in Monroe, or Chnrlemont, 

as probable localities.

1841. Gold.

I have received many reports of the washing of gold in the western 

hills, but have never seen any derived from any portion of the three 

river counties, nor does President Hitchcock seem to have been more fortunate. He gives a long list of foolish attempts to liud the precious 

metal.

Geol. Mass., 1841, p. 6.12.

1879. Gold. Chester.

"Specimens of gold and silver are said to have been found" in Chester. 

Hist. Conn. Valley, Vol. II, p. 1054.

1886. Gold. West Worthington.

[From the Hampshire Gazette, February 22,1886.]

WEST WORTHINCTOX, January 85, 188G. 

To the Editor of the Hampshire Gazette:

Prof. Edward Hitchcock, a former president of Amherst, was an eminent 

geologist, as is very well known from his different works on the science, 

and he was many years ago employed to make a geological survey and 

report of the State of Massachusetts. Ho found the lone, long, narrow 

streak of talcose slate formation, but did not stop, it eeems, to look it over 

carefully to see what it contained. He left that for others to do.

I will premise "thatthese talcose rocks are to a great extent the gold 

rocks of the world, especially the quartz A'eins therein." So states Professor Dana in his Mineralogy. The comparatively narrow strip of talcose 

slate lodge starts at the south end including Chester, extends north to 

Vermont State line in the town of Heath, where they arc now mining for 

gold and copper. In my present brief description of this strip of talcose 

ledge, I shall confine myself to the two ends of a section about 3 miles in 

length, running in a north and south direction, in the towns of Worthington and Peru.

First, at the south end, on the farm of Austin Geer, of West Worthington, are two large quartz veins, one white and the other yellow in color. 

They run parallel with each other, about 20 rods apart. They crop out 

of the slate rock, 6 rods in length each, and will average about 2 feet in 

width. These two veins are thickly tilled from the surface down with 

very beautiful, shining crystallized siilphurets of various-sized cubes of 

gold, silver, and manganese, or alabandine. Native gold, or a nugget aa 

large as a common-sized pea, has also been found here.
88 i- MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 120.

1886. Gold Continued.

Second, at the north end of this limited strip of slate ledge, on the farm 

of Wesley Pierce, of Peru, occurs a very remarkable open surface bed of 

rich gold and silver, that has yielded, from fair crucible tests, over $100

to the ton of ore, of both gold and silver.

CHAUNCEY STEPHENSON.

The above letter is copied as an illustration of the basis upon which 

mining work is still often done in Massachusetts. It is not probable that 

the writer obtained anything from the region excepting pyrite.

1887. Gold. Bucklaud.

"Gold mine" at house of H. W. Dodge. A thin pyritous hornblende 

bed in the Couway schist.

I copy the following remarkable papers as another illustration of the 

manner in which people are still led to waste money on the foolish search 

for gold:

t W. French Smith, Ph. D. (consultation), State assayer and analyst for Massachusetts; A. B. Brown, 

assayer and analyst. Certificate of analysis, 7509.]

In 2,000 pounds. 

0.25 ounce Troy gold, at $20.67....................... $5.17

1.14 ounces Troy silver, at $1 ........................ 1.14

0.00 ounce Troy copper, at 11 cents .................. 0.00

5 ounces Troy lead, at 5 cents........................ .25

6.56 

January 6, 1887. 235 Washington street, Boston.

[Established 1853. Gold and Silver Kefining and Smelting Works of L. B. Darling, Providence, K. I.]

THEODORE WOOD, Esq.,

Shellmrne Falls, Mass.

DEAR SIR: The specimens of rock sent me by express give good indications outwardly of containing gold and silver. I have assayed many speciments [sic!] giving less indications and yet good results in the precious 

metals. The costs of assaying and giving you the real results in value per 

ton will be $3.

Yours, truly, v L. B. DARLING.

MARCH 2, 1887.

[Assay 4218. Drab slaty mineral with iron pyrites.] 

Gold per ton, 1 ounce; silver per ton, 2£ ounces; value, $23.90. 

[Assay 4564. Dark-blue slate rock with pyrites of iron.]

Gold per 2,000 pounds, four-tenths ounce; silver per 2,000 pounds, onefifth ounce; value, $8.44.

L. B. DARLING.

A button of the gold obtained from this mine was said to be on exhibition at Mr. Henry Swan's, in Shelburne. It would be hard to find a ledge 

in the region which showed any less "indications" of gold.

GRAPHITE.

1820. Plumbago. Brimfield.

In granite and gneiss. 

A. Eaton: Index, p. 94.
A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 89

1823. Plumbago, Cumming'fcon, WorthiDgton, Chester. 

Foliated. 

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Arol. VI, p. 248.

1826. Graphite. Same.

Ibid., Vol. X, p. 18.

1835. Graphite. Same.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 347.

1838. Molybdenite. Brimfield.

In granite with salite.

.T.W.Foster; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXIII, p. 399.

1841. Graphite. Same.

E. Hitclicock: Geol. Mass., final report, p.607.

1866. Graphite. Northfield.

".Black-lead mine" on land of Mr. Piper. A highly plumbaginous micaschist.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 248.

(This occurs one-half mile south of Mr. F. W. Piper's house on the gulf 

road in Conway schist. Broad pieces 10 nun. thick of very pure graphite 

can be obtained, showing the finest slickensides or striation caused by 

the slipping of the mass under pressure. The coarse rich red-brown 

biotite, which is iuterfoliated with the graphite, is also, much influenced 

by undergoing pressure on a yielding substratum. It is at times full of 

secondary cleavages or gliding planes, and at times drawn out into a 

straight fibrous form of great beauty. A broad plate has been sheared 

across by many planes at right angles to the base and then each of these 

rods has been crumpled into a coarse fiber.)

1876. Graphite. Leverett lead mine, south mine.

In a mass 1 by 1£ inches, finely slickensided, entangled with barifce and 

quartz on side of 2-iuch barite vein.

1885. Graphite.

Graphite occurs as coloring matter in the Couway and Goshen schists, 

across the State on the west side of the river, and in Northfield on the east 

side, and in shining scales in the garnet hornblende rock at " Pike's Peak," 

Prospect street, Amherst, and in the Brimfield schist along the eastern 

border of the three counties, and all the citations above refer to the unimportant occurrences of this character, except that from Brimfield, where 

the Brimfield graphitic fibrolite schist becomes locally a quite pure 

graphite schist, which was extensively mined for many years just east of 

Brimfield, in Sturbridge.

1886. Graphite. Charleinont.

Excavation has been made on a quite large bed of impure graphite, 

about 5 feet wide, about 40 rods northeast of the house of Joseph Tinkharn, 

in the Hawley schist.

1895. Graphite. South Hadley.

At Larrabee's quarry quite large scales of graphite occur in considerable 

abundance upon the surface of the layers of sandstone. They must have 

been carried across the bottom of the Triassic bay from near Wilbrahain 

and have been derived by the streams from the region about Brimfield.
90 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. fBrrx.128.

GYPSUM. 

.1823. Gypsum. Deerfield.

In amygdaloidal greenstone in Deerfield in small quantities; white and 

retaining its water of crystallisation. Found by Dr. Cooley and determined by Professor Sillimau.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI. p. 212.

1820. Sulphate of lime (Gypsum).

In layers in slate in Wesfc Springfield, like fish-scales, one-half inch iu 

diameter. 

E. Davis: Rocks and minerals of Westfielcl; ibid., Vol. X. p. 215.

1835. Gypsum. West Springfield and South Hadley.

Minute quantity.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 209.

1859. "Moulds of organisms." South Hadley Falls.

E.Hitchcock: Cat. of State collection; Rep. of Board of Agriculture, 

p. xxi, No. 154.

On examining the specimen in the Survey collection I find there are very 

flat prismatic cavities often nearly an inch across and resembling exactly 

the shapes very commonly taken by gypsum crystallizing in clay. They 

occur in a red argillaceous shale.' I have found the same forms at tbe 

railroad.cut near the dam in Holyoke.

1882. Selenite. Deerfield.

Professor Hitchcock mentions that selenite had been found in the Deerfield trap by Professor Silliman (Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. V, p. 212), 

and described molds of unknown crystals left in the quar.tz of the zeolitic 

veins east of Deerfield. Casts taken from these molds show that the 

mineral which has disappeared was selenite, which occurred here very 

abundantly and in well-formed crystals 20 mm. long. The quartz rises 

into the molds in sharp parallel crests where it had penetrated between 

the larninic of the selenite along the perfect cleavage.

In the Cheapside veius similar but smaller negative crystals occur in the 

prehnite-which at times rose around and covered the selenite before its 

disappearance, forming thus rude pseudomorphs; and I suspect th.at part 

or all of the abundant gashing of the prehnite, quartz, and datolite may be 

due to this mineral.

B. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 351.

1891. Gypsum. Delaney's quarry, Northampton, near Holyoke north 

line.

Surfaces of the trap are covered with pyrite. Above this is a thick 

layer of calcite slashed by deep cavities 27 mm. long by 3 mm. wide, which 

are the casts of crystals that have disappeared. The bottom of tlie 

cavity is ribbed, as is often the case with gypsum crystals, and such have 

probably occupied the cavities.

The finding of anhydrite in the trap at Delaney's quarry strengthens the 

probability of the above interpretation of the negative crystals of the 

trap.

HALOTEICHITE. 

1876. Halotrichite. Bernardston.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Miu. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 2. 

(I know nothing of this mineral. Any specimens which may have 

existed were probably dpstroyed iu the burning of the Sheparcl cabinet.)
PERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 91

HAMPSHIEITE. 

1822. "Crystallized steatite." Middlefield.

"This rare mineral was found !>y Dr. E. Emmons. * * * Tho crystals usually occnr in groups on masses of steatite. On a piece 3 inches 

long and 2 inches broad are more than 40 crystals. Some are three-eighths 

of an inch in diameter and more than half an inch in length. 1 have one 

which is double the dimensions just mentioned.

" The surface of the crystals is of a brown color, produced by the action 

of the weather; but when the crystals are separated their faces are of a 

yellowish-white color; when fractured, the crystals present aunuev.en surface, with a structure inclined to the fibrous. The same fibrous appearance is seen on some parts of the steatite which is destitute of crystals.

"The crystalline structure is exceedingly indistinct, except near the 

surface. The predominant form of the crystal is a six-sided prism, terminated at one or both extremities by a pyramid of the same number of 

sides. The truncations are numerous; sometimes on the edges of the 

prisms or pyramids, and at others on the angles or at the vertex of the 

pyramid. * * * They very much resemble some quartz crystals." 

' Then followa an argument against their being pseudomorphs, which is 

directed against their being pseudomorphs by replacement, and the author 

concludes that they are crystallized steatite.

Prof. C. Dewey: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IV, p. 274.

1822. Crystallized steatite. Middlefield.

" I have lately visited the locality of this mineral. It is found in the 

great bed of serpentine in Middlefield; * * * only in one place 

between two layers of serpentine; * * * in steatite, 2 or 3 inches thick, 

the upper surface of Avhich is covered with these crystals. The crystals 

are, however, separated from the superincumbent mass of serpentine by a 

thin layer of asbestos (chrysotile) pressed down entirely close upon the 

crystals, and if it be carefully removed from them shows the form of the 

heads of the crystals.

Prof. C. Dewey: Ibid., Vol. V, p. 249.

1823. Crystallized steatite.

Analysis.

R,0 ................................................ 15.00

Si02 ................................................ 50.60

Fe^O;,............................................... 2.59

MgO................................................ 28.83

MnOi ............................................... 1.10

Al^Oa ............................................... .15

Loss................................................ 1.73

100.00 

Sp. gr. 2.

C. Dewey: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI,p. 333.

1825. Crystallized steatite.

Above cited.

C. Dewey: Geol. of part of Mass., ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 51.

1835. Steatite after quartz.

President Hitchcock cites the discoverer, Dr. Emmons, as believing that 

these crystals are those of steatite, but, without expressing a definite opinion, seems to believe that they are after quartz, with which, he says, they 

correspond exactly.

E, Hitchcockt Geol. Mass., .1835, p. 377.
92 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 128.

1843. Steatite after quartz. Middlefield.

Blum cites the above from Hitchcock, and does not hesitate to class the 

occurrence as a pseudouiorph of steatite after quartz. 

Pseudomorphosen, p. 124.

1852. Saponite. Middlefield. 

Hampshirite (Hermann) quoted as a synonym.

In serpentine and as pseudomorphs copying crystals of quartz. (I can 

not learn where the name was published by Hermann.) 

C. IT. Shepard: Treatise on Min., p. 151.

1868. Aphrodite (subspecies); Hampshirite. No locality.

Its purity and individuality as a species doubted. 

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 457.

1887. Hampshirite. Chester. (See PI. I, fig. 4.)

There is in the Clark collection, now in Smith College, a unique and 

remarkable specimen, with this carious label: "Hampshirite; steatitic 

pseudomorphs after quartz; Chester, Mass., on the road to Middlefield. 

Locality exhausted and filled up with rocks to prevent anything more 

being taken from it. Bailey thinks this specimen could not be duplicated. 

From Rowe's collection. He procured it at the locality for $10.00."

This label is in Mr. James Clark's handwriting. The piece is so interesting that I have figured it in Plate I, D.

' It proves to Jje a pseudomorph after olivine, and to follow quite closely the 

type figured by Des Cloizeaux. Man. Min. Atlas, Vol. VII, p. 41, from Torre 

del Greco, showing the faces oo P (110), 2 P 06 (021), 4 P 06 (041), oo P 66 

(010), P (111), oo P measured 129° 30'to 131° 30'; true angle, 130° 2'. 2 

P oo =79° to 81° 30'; true angle, 80° 53'. The crystals are in stout prisms 

up to 4 cm. long; brownish-yellow, and covered in large part by a secondary deposit of a compact fibrous greenish-white chrysotile, sp. gr. 2.24.

The discrepancy in the localities of the "crystallized serpentine" above 

and the "hampshirite" arise from the fact that the great serpentine mass 

extends into both towns. They both refer to the same locality. There 

were fine specimens in the Shepard collection. With the exception of 

these crystals, I have never been able to detect any trace of olivine by a 

careful microscopical study of every serpentine outcrop on the west side 

of the river. Mr. M. E. Wadsworth cites a peridotite from the Westfield 

River, but says the olivine structure is wholly gone, and his figure shows 

only the square-meshed eustatite structure. (Lithological Studies, PI. 7, 

p. 2.) As indicated above, the locality is now lost.

1892. Hampshirite. No locality.

The data given in 1868 are cited without essential change. "Probably 

not homogeneous." 

E. S. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 675.

HEMATITE.

1818. Specular oxide of iron. Hawley, Bernardstou, Warwick,

Veins wrought to some extent.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfleld; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115.

1819. Specular oxide of iron. Montague.

"In a detached eminence 100 feet high on land of Mr. Taft, near mouth 

of Millers River. The whole hill traversed by numerous veins, and scarcely 

a foot of the rock is to be found which does not contain them, varying in 

width from a mere line to several inches. The principal vein appears on
KMBRSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 93 

1819. Specular oxide of iron Continued.

the top of the hill, and is, as nearly as I could determine, not less than 10 

feet wide, lying in a north and south direction. Ore abundant and generally pure. Masses that have been separated by blasting and weighing 

100 to 200 pounds lie on the surface; pyrite present; the gangueis quartz. 

The walls and hill are composed of granite." 

E. Hitchcock: Sup. Geol. Deerfield; ibid., p, 438.

1822. Micaceous oxide of iron. Hawley.

. "Of extreme beauty; is found a few miles from Northampton. ]t has 

high luster and is contorted with delicate flexing, as if it hud lain 

between the layers of mica-slate, which we presume must have been the 

fact. Dr. Hunt and Mr. W. C. Dwight, of Northampton, have favored us 

with specimens, and similar ones from Hawley, iu Massachusetts, have 

been transmitted by Dr. Jacob Porter, of Plainfield; this last is particularly beautiful and is sprinkled with points of magnetic iron."

Editor's note: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IV, p. 53. (Both parts of 

this note refer to the same locality.)

1823. Specular oxide of iron. Same.

Ibid., A^ol. VI, p. 207.

1823. Micaceous oxide of iron. Bernardston.

With magnetite, like Hawley, in "talco-argillite."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 208.

1823. Micaceous oxide of iron. Hawley.

Northwest part of town in talcose slate; the principal bed of the ore 

varies from 6 inches to 3 or A feet thick. Mine opened 20 or 30 rods long, 

30 or 40 feet deep. Magnetic oxide most abundant; the micaceous oxide 

not wrought, from the belief that it would not smelt.

Ibid.

1825. Hematite? Vitreous black oxide of iron.

Southampton lead mine, in carbonate of lead. Before blowpipe infusible, 

becomes magnetic.

C. U. Shepard: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 47.

1825. Micaceous iron. Northampton (misquotation of 1822 above 

for Hawley).

Highluster, contorted (Cleavelaud.) Warwick; wrought to small extent 

(Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115).

Robinson's Cat., p. 64.

1827. Hematite. Hawley, at junction of mica and talcose slate.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 245.

1841. Micaceous specular iron, ore, Hawley.

Formerly rejected as worthless, but is an exceedingly rich ore.

Analysis.

FejOs............'................................... 99.26

H2 0 ...-...-............:..-........................ .60

Loss................................................ .14

100.00

Also Montague. 

K.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 196.
94 A MINERALOQICAL LEXICON. [ncix.128. 

1879. Hematite. Hawley.

West of the Center is a hill containing a rich deposit of iron ore which 

was mined about 1800 to supply a furnace near by, aud which gave the 

name of "Forge Hill" to this locality.

Hist. Conn. Valley, Vol. II, p. 704.

1885. Hematite.

In minute spheres with, concentric structure superficially embedded in 

quartz crystals, so as always to fill the same half of the surface of each 

crystal, as if the solution had dripped down a vertical fissure, which was 

covered with the growing quartz crystals. In diabase south of Titan's 

Piazza.

Discovered by Prof. J. M. Clarke.

188G. Hematite. Hawley.

The fine micaceous ore is a bed intercalated in the schists adjacent to a 

fault, and the mineral may be regarded as a pseudomorph by replacement 

of muscovite. It is for the most part a quartz-hematite schist or itabiryte, 

of which the texture is exactly like that of the adjoining mica-schists, 

with which it is conformable, only that the mica is replaced by the scales 

of specular iron. It is interesting to note that a similar replacement of 

biotite by specular iron occurs among the minerals formed by the partial 

melting of the oli vine-rock in closures in basalt.'

In the case before us I think it probable that heated waters occupying 

the fissure, and borrowing iron from the adjoining ankerite, have replaced 

the mica along the sides of the opening.

1891. Hematite. South of Northampton.

Quarry in sandstone beside Connecticut Eiver Railroad, at north line of 

Holyoke.

Fine broad layers 3 mm. thick with botryoidal and drusy surface made 

of shining plates set edgewise in fissure in brown stone. These plates are 

formed by the large development of the plane 0. It also impregnates the 

 sandstone. In both cases it is just above diabase, which gives every indication of having been so quickly covered that the heat of the mass greatly 

quickened the circulation and increased the chemical activity of the 

solutions which permeated the covering of sand, cementing it aud filling 

its fissures with the hematite.

HBRMANNITE.

See Rhodonite.

HEULAKDITE. 

1825. Heulandite. Chester.

"In the cabinet of Dr. Emrnons in Chester I was shown specimens of a 

mineral considered as stilbite, which I at once recognized to be heulandite crystals about one-eighth inch long. Locality exhausted.''

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil., Vol. III. p. 608.

1825. Heulandite. Chester.

Right oblique prism, acute edges replaced; white; with chabasie and 

stilbite in mica slate. 

E. Emuions: Miu. Not., Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 11.

1 K. Bleibtreu: Znr Kenufcmss dei' Eiiischlusse iii deii Basalteii; Zcitschrii't der ileutscben geoi. 

Gesellschaft, Vol. XXXV, p. 540.
EMEBSON.] A MINERA.LOGICAL LEXICON. 95 

1831. Lincolnite. (Hitchcock.) Deerfield. ,

Full description, figure, and measurements; named after the then governor, Lincoln. From trap of Deer field Mountain, east of village. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 437.

1841. Lincolnite. In trap, 1 mile east of Deerfield.

Description, figures, and measurements. 

Ibid., p. 662.

1843. Heulandite.

Declaring the liucolnite to be heulaudite and M ]> T to be 130°.

F. Alger: Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. I, p. 145 (abstract); Boat. 

Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 245; also Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVI, 

p. 233.

1844. Heulandite. (Zeohts rhomboideus.) Deerfield. Cliesteiv

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min.,p. 324.

1844. Lincolnite.

Wishes an arrest of judgment concerning the identity of lincolnite and 

heulandite, and states that the crystals sent to Mr. Alger were from a 

second and later 1ind, a few rods from the first; gives a later measurement 

of Professor Shepard as 116° 45' to 117° 15'.

[Editor's note: The angle measured is not the primary lateral angle 130° 

30', but the angle of T (0) on ? (2-i) =115° 10'.]

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVII, p. 416.

1844. Heulandite.

Lincoluite is heulaudite.

F. Alger: Alger's Phillips Min., p. 37.

1845. Lincolnite.

Professor Shepard defends the species and gives a new series of measurements, obtaining .1.17° 08' 06"; to which B. Silliman, jr., in a note, rejoins 

that if the new measurements giver, by Professor Shepard in the above 

note be correct the corresponding angle of H would be 11.6° 17'.

Am. Jour. Sci.. 1st serves. Vol. XLVIII, pp. 175.. 179.

1845. Lincolnite.

Thinks thafc the modifying plaue suggested in the note of the editor 

appended to last paper does not settle the question, "for the modifying 

plaue mentioned occurs rarely, as it is extremely narrow, and it could not 

be confounded with the primary plaue by so practiced an observer as Professor Shepard."

Mr. Tescheniacher informs him that he did not know be was measuring 

the lincoluite, and so gave it no special care, and does not wish to be 

quoted as asserting the identity.

[Editor's note: The plaue t enlarged may obliterate M, one of the primary faces, or nearly obliterate it, and then the narrow plane left would be 

the one alluded to above.-]

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci,, 1st series, Arol. XLVIII, p. 64.

1846. Lincolnite.

Peculiarities in the modifying planes have given rise to a secondary form

rarely observed in heulandite. These consist in the enlargement of the

planes/ (Phillips) or t- (Dana), so as nearly to obliterate the planes M,

' being in fact the reverse that we observe in heulandite from other localities.

In the measurements by Professor Hitchcock and Professor Shepard the 

angle of/on T was mistaken for M on T, and in the figure given by 

Professor Hitchcock it is evident that tlie plaue lettered M should be/.
96 A MINER A LOGICAL LEXICON. |RUU,I?O. 

1846. Lincolnite Continued.

The true value of / on T is 115° 10' (Dana). Professor Shepavd's last measurement made is 116° 17'.

. F. Alger: Loc. of rare min. ; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.. Vol. V, p. 306. ; Proc. 

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. II, p. 89 (abstract).

1852. Heulandite. "Lincoluite (heulandite) belongs here." 

C. U. Shepard: Miu., 3d ed., p. 163.

1870. Lincolnine. Deerfield.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. Miu. 75 miles of Aiuherst College, p. 4.

Given in accordance .with his suggestion to use "ine" for minerals 

whose speciiic character is not fully settled, a suggestion which has not 

been anywhere adopted.

1880. Heulandite. Amherst.

At Pikes Peak, a small projecting rock at the north end of Prospect 

street, now blasted away for the foundation of a house, in a quartzgarnet-hornblende rock, beautiful brick-red crystals (P, M, T, N, s) 3 mm. 

long, tabular on M, and iu drusy crystalline surfaces, on fissures with very 

fresh pyrite, plainly of very recent development.

1882. Heulandite. Deerfield.

This mineral occurs quite abundantly at the new cutting in small, stout 

prisms, i-i, 2-i,-2i, up to 2 mm. iu length, with sharp edges and no indication 

of other faces. It is the lincoluite of President Hitchcock, and the specimens studied by me agree exactly with those labeled lincolnite by him, 

and coming from the old locality east of Deerfield. The mineral collection at Amherst contained a few crystals also identical A\T ith the above, 

from the Fitchburg railroad cutting, aud these were separated by Professor Shepard from heulaudite under the name liucoluite.

After careful study I find all these crystals identical with each other 

and with heulaudite, both optically and crystallographically.

B. K. Emerson : The Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 357.

See Amphibole.

HUMOPEEEITB.

1876. Humoferrite. (Shepard. See Limonite, 1876.)

An unused synonym.

ILMENITE. 

See Menaccanite, 1846.

INDIAOTTE. 

See Oligoclase, 1805.

ISEEINE. 

See Menaccanite, 1835.

JEPFEEISITE.

1870. Vermiculite or Jefferisite. Pelhaui.

Irregular veins separated by a decomposed asbestos, ;m altered mica; 

H. =1.5; luster pearl}-, sometimes metallic; exfoliates, fuses on edges; 

shows six-rayed asterism.

J. H.Adams, class of '70, Amherst College; Am. Jour. Sci.; 2d series, Vol. 

XLIX,p.271.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 97'

1870. Vermiculite?. Pelliam.

Loses 7 per cent by ignition; 50 per cent dissolved in aqua regia, leaving white scales resembling margaric acid. They are so remarkable for 

their uniformity of size, freedom from color, and pearly luster as scarcely 

to suggest their inorganic composition. Under the microscope, however, 

they give very neai'ly the distinct lateral cleavage line of mica. Nor 

have they the perfect elasticity of a true mica. They show no tendency 

to further exfoliation when heated. Before the blowpipe they melt with 

difficulty on the edges into a colorless glass. Professor DCS Cloizeaux was 

kind enough to examine some of these scales optically and found them to 

be uniaxial; the exfoliation caused by the coating of the mica scales with 

a hydrated argillaceous mixture, which probably owes its origin to the 

decomposition of some other member of the micaceous or chloritic family.

AlsOs- .............................................. 14.00

MgO. .......-.*.........................,........... 13.68

Fea03 ........ ....................................... 32.00

iO ............................................... ^4.00

C. U. Shepard : Min. Coutrib. ; ibid., Vol. L, p. 96.

(Prof. L. Mears found the margaric acid-like scales obtained by boiling 

the above vermiculite in aqua regia to dissolve in K2O, hence they are 

Si02 .)

1875. Pelhamite. Pelhain. j

Full description and analysis.

J. P. Cooke, jr. : On the new varieties of vermiculites ; Proc. Am. Acad. 

Arts Sci., Vol. X, p. 453, Boston.

1891. Jefferisite. Pelham.

New excavations have produced crystals 4 inches square and nearly an 

inch thick, exactly like those from Westchester, Pa. They are a rich 

bronze-brown, often bent. They are derived from the biotite which surrounds the olivine rock.

KAOLINITE.

1823. Porcelain clay. Plainfield (Silliman), Conway, and Leyden, in 

small quantities.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 229.

1827. Kaolin. Williamsburg; of superior quality. Conway.

A. Nash : Lead mines of Hampshire County; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 261. 

(The first may be the infusorial marl recently patented by a man in 

Williamsburg as a filling for piano frames.)

1831. Porcelain clay. Norwich, at lead mine.

Analysis.

H3 0 ..............................................

SiO, ........................;.:....................

CaOMgO. 

Mn 0 .

98.88 

E. Hitchcock : Economic Geol., p. 130.

Bull. 126 7
98 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1880. Kaolinite. Amlierst.

Well at northwest comer of College Grove.

Green, soft lithomarge from decomposition of ortlibclase, muscovite, and 

fibrolite of coarse granite, and forming pseudomorpbs of these minerals. 

It represents the surface of the granite which has been rotted beneath the 

Triassic sandstones, now newly exposed by glacial erosion.

Analyses made in the laboratory of Amherst College.

SiO....... ..................

AljOs-.-.-. ................

Fe203 . .....................

MgO...... .................

E^O..... ...................

H20...... ..................

No. 1.

40.96

28.01

3.14

3.58

11.14

92.83

No. 2.

AA PQ

33.54

2.13

6.41

ii'eo

»9.07

No. 3.

| 35.62

4.54

2.59

11.57'

100. 82

1882. Kaolinite. Deerfield.

"Along the shore in Greenfield, opposite Turners Falls, and especially on 

the new road between these towns, the nodules of the radiated prehnite 

are in whole or part changed into a white kaolin (?), the change uniformly 

commencing from the different centers of radiation and proceeding regularly outward. Under the microscope the kaolin-like material separates 

into opaque granules so extremely minute that they show in water the 

Browuian movement with wonderful perfection."

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 349.

1883. Kaolinite after garnet. Bernardston.

In the Leyrlen. argillite, on the north lino of Bernardston, minutes garnets have been changed to a mass of soft clay, which still fills the cavities.

1888. Kaolinite.

The thin laminated clays of Chainplain age which rest directly on the 

till in the Connecticut River valley and those of the Brimfield Lake will 

be described in full in the monograph on the geology of the region. They 

are extensively worked for brick in Turners Falls, Greenfield, Northampton, Aniherst, Holyoke, Chicopee, South Hadley, Springfield, and Brimfield.

1890. Kaolinite. Blandford.

Extensive works have been erected by the Blandford Brick and Tile 

Company in Russell to work a deposit of clay found in Blandford many 

years ago by Mr. G. L. Tvvitchell.

"Sworn analyses by chemists of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology show the existence of a bed Of kaolin * * * of the most valuable sort and in a quantity that is known to exceed 80,000 tons. * * * 

A comparative analysis shows that the Blandford clay is superior to the 

Mount Savage clay, the only American basis for fire.brick that is worthy 

of notice, and oven to the Stnrbridge clay from England.and the Chinese 

kaolin. Its finer strain makes a brick of the purest white."

Springfield Republican, December 6, 1890.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 99

1890. Kaolinite. Blandford.

Situated just east of the village and due to the preglacial decomposition 

in situ of veins of coarse feldspathic pegmatite.

[By Dr. L. M. Norton, Institute of Technology.) 

SiOi ............................................... 52.03

Al,03 .............................................. 31.76

H3O ............................................... 15.55

MgO............................................... .54

FejOs...... ....................................... Trace.

CaO............................................... Trace.

Alkalies ........................................... Trace.

99.88

W. 0. Crosby: The Kaolin in Blandford, Mass.; Technology Quarterly, 

Vol. Ill, p. 228.

KALINITE. 

1818. Native alum. Leyden.

Efflorescing in small quantity on argillaceous slate.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. l, p. 114.

1824. Alum. Ware, in mica-slate.

C. U. Shepard: Miu. Loc.; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 235.

1825. Alum.

Conway, on mica-slate; Leyden, in carbonaceous clay; Ware, in micaslate. 

Robinson's Cat., pp. 45, 56,73.

1835. Alum. Ware.

In gneiss.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 398.

1841. Alum. Conway, northeast part.

Abundant.

Ibid., p. 604.

The pyritous Hawley schists and the rusty librolite Brhnfield schist 

along the eastern border of the area show abundant -white efflorescences 

of mixed iron and alumina sulphates.

KEROLITE. 

See Bastite and Deweylite.

KILLINITE. 

See Muscovite, 1870.

KNEBELITE. 

1880. Knebelite. Plainfield.

There was in the Shepard collection (now burned) a specimen labeled 

by Professor Shepard "Tephroite, knebelite, Mg(Fe)SiCW It was dull 

yellowish-brown in color and of fibrous texture, apparently common 

hornblende.
100 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON,' [BULL. 126.

LAUMONITE. 

1835. Laumonite.

In amygdaloid in Massachusetts in small massea. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., Part II, Vol. II, p. 3.

1835, Laumonite.

Doubts its occurrence.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 436.

1841. Laumonite.

Not found in greenstone in Massachusetts. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 662.

1876. Laumonite. Monson,

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherat College, p. 4.

1882, Laumonite. Monson.

Large pieces of massive laumonite, white to pink, from Monson quarry. 

In,a north-south fissure in the north end of the quarry the gneiss is much 

decomposed and the fissure filled with laumonite, massive, granular, and 

in quite large finely terminated crystals, oo P (110) P oo (100), 26 mm. 

long, 1£ mm. wide. The vein is permeated with hands of leek-green 

hornstone.

1886. Laumonite. Northampton. Quarry in granite south of W. N. 

Moore's, east of Florence.

Hollow pseudomorphs of albite after laumonite; finedrusy without and 

within, 10 mm. long oo P (110) P oo (101), They rest on laumonite and 

quartz.

LAZULITE. 

1893. Lazulite. Greenfield.

In 1892 Mr. C. C. Eussell, of the class of 1894 in Amherst College, picked 

up in the bed of Hinsdale Brook a white vein-quartz bowlder nearly 4 

inches long and 2£ inches square on cross section, having a glacial shape, 

smoothed on the four sides and rough on the ends, but later considerably 

waterworn. The half of one side is of deep azure blue of the shade of 

the Chrowder's Mountain Jazulite and deeper than that of Grave's Mountain, Georgia. It is in squarish cross sections of imperfect crystals nearly 

half an iuch across and the material extends a half inch into the mass.

The quartz is a clear, white, greasy, vein quartz, which has parallel to a 

plane of schistosity thin films of magnetite, and these graduate into filma 

of a magnetite-muscovite-fibrolite schist. I am wholly at a loss to locate 

this schist in any region from which the ice could bring the bowlder to 

this place, since fibrolite is wholly wanting in the rocks to the west and 

northwest across the Green Mountains, so far as I have examined them. 

The only other locality for lazulite in the United States is in Georgia.

LEPIDOJITE. 

1835. Lepidolite.

" Dr. Emmons is of opinion that the .'large cleavable variety' of crystals occurs at Goshen. Probably he refers to the mineral that has generally been regarded as rose mica."

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p.504.

This was doubtless muscovite.

1879. Lepidolite. Chesterfield, in cleavelandite.

A. A. Julien: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, Vol. I, p. 351.
EMfiESON.j A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. lot

LIMOKITE.

1818. Eagle stone, or nodular argillaceous oxide of iron. Deerfield,

One specimen oil banks of Deerfield River. , E. Hitchcock: Gepl. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 116.

1819. Bog iron ore. Greeniield, Warwick.

E. Hitcbcock: Sup. to Geol. Deerfield; ibid., Vol. I, p. 436.

1823. Nodular argillaceous oxide of iron. Gill, near Falls, in dark 

hard slate of coal formation.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 233.

This refers to the abundant flattened egg-shaped concretions of pyrite 

changed to limonite found in the Triassic slate.

1827. Iron bed; bog iron ore. Williamsburg.

One-half mile below village, 30 rods south of Northampton road. 

A. Nash: Lead mines, etc.; ibid., Vol. XII, p 258.

1832. Limonite. G-reenfield, Northampton, Springfield, Williamsburg.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; Am. Jour.. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXII,-p. 55.

1835. "Vitreous black oxide of iron." Southampton lead mine.

E. Hitchcock: 'Geol. Mass., p. 507.

1835. Limonite, nodular. Gill, in slate of the coal formation.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 1st ed., Part II, Vol. II, p. 15. 

(See 1823, above.)

1838. Ocher. Monroe.

No. 162 in State collection from Morton Ballon; formerly dug for paint; 

abandoned. 

E. Hitchcock: Report on Economical Geol., p. 128.

1841. Bog ore. Warwick, Greenfield, Northampton, Springfield, WilJiamsburg. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 198.

Limonite. Gill, in slate of the coal formation.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 277.

Ocher and sienna. East Whately. 

Discovered and used above fifty years ago; is on laud of Elihu Belden; 

called American sienna; used mixed with milk as a paint. Covers one- 

. half acre 30 rods from Connecticut, in a long depression iu the meadow 

extending from north to south. Is immediately below turf, 10 to 30 inches 

thick; rests on loam. Probably a spring deposit, very homogeneous and 

fine grained; ocher sienna-brown, and when ignited a red to burnt sienna.

Analysis. - . 

Do ............................

SiOz.-

13.00

20.00

47.00

63.00

Fe2 03 .

70.00

63.30

35.00

28. 00

17. 50

A1203 .

3. GO

5.00

0.00

6.00

7.00'

H,0.

13.00

11.70

10.80

13. 00

12.50

Total.

. 99. 60

100. 00

98.30

 100. 00

Highly commended. - ' " Report of Prof. Charles Upham Shepard's analysis of the East WhateJy 

ocher and sienna mine; Amherst, Mass., January 18,1865.
102 A M NERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 120:

1865. American sienna. Whately.

C. U. Shepard: Ain. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 2.

1876. Humoferrite. (Shepard.) Whately.

C. U. Shepard, Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College.

"Its true character is that of a light river sediment highly charged with 

peroxide of iron, which ingredient forms one-sixth to three-fourths of its 

weight."

C. U. Shepard: Report Whately ocher and sienna mine, p. 4.

(Name not adopted.)

1876. Melinine. (Shepard.) Turners Falls.

C. U. Shepard: Ibid., p.4. (See Limonite, 1823. The name has never 

been adopted.)

1879. Bog iron. Brinifield.

Formerly worked to considerable extent on farm of Charles Bngbee, 

since occupied by Michael Travers. 

Hist. Conn. Valley, Vol. II, p. 994.

1891. Limonite. Bernardston.

Impregnates and replaces the limestone at Williams's farm in quite large 

amount.

1891. Limonite after calcite. Loudville lead mine.

Form oo P; | R, 5 mm. long; on quartz. 

In Clark collection, Smith College.

LIKAEITE. 

1891. Linarite. Mauhan lead mine, Loudville.

In deep blue-bladed crystals in a cavity in quartz, determined by Professor Shepard. As there are only two small crystals known, no attempt 

was made to verify the occurrence. Color ^,nd form agree well with 

linarite.

Specimens in Amherst and Smith College collections.

LINCOLNITE. 

1831. Lincolnite. See Heulandite.

MAGNETITE. 

1818. Iron sand. Turners Falls, Montague side.

Considerable quantity.

E. Hitchcock: Geol Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115.

1818. Magnetic oxide. Common west of the Connecticut Eiver. 

Ibid.

1822. Magnetite. Middlefield.

Octahedrons in mica-slate (Eaton). 

Cleaveland: Miri., Vol. II, p. 596.

1823. Magnetic oxide of iron. Plainfield, Shelburne, Shutesbury, etc.

In small octahedrons in mica slate and gneiss. Hawley, in beds in talcose slate. Bernardston, in beds. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 232.

1824. Magnetic oxide of iron. Plainfield, Cuminingtou.

Plainfield, cubic crystals in arenaceous quartz. Cumrnington, with 

curnruingtonite (Dewey). 

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p. 233.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 103

1825. Magnetite. Zoar, Hawley.

Octahedra in chlorite. 

Eobinson's Cat., pp. 52, 78.

1825. Magnetic oxide of iron. Cuimniugton.

J. Porter : Min. Loc. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 55.

1826. Magnetic oxide of iron. PI ain field. 

A small bed has lately been discovered. 

J. Porter: Mm. Not. ; ibid., Vol. X, p. 18.

1826. Magnetic iron. Moiison.

Abundant in gneiss.

S. Coltou : Min. Not. ; ibid., p. 13.

1833. Magnetic oxide of iron. Hawley.

Principal ore magnetic oxide; not abundant; bed rarely more than Ito2 

feet wrought; now abandoned; owned by Hon. Samuel C. Alien. Appears 

1 to 2 miles south and 2 to 3 miles north in Charlemoiit. (See Hematite.)

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Mass., p. 53.

1835. Magnetic oxide of iron. Blandford, Chester.

Octahedra in mica-slate. 

Everywhere in the " chlorite slate." 

Ibid., pp. 347, 363.

1838. Magnetite. Warwick.

Probably the most extensive in the State. Attempt to work it abandoned 

because of impurity. No. 177 in State cabinet; from Aldeu. Spooner.

Analysis.

66.4

16.6

17.0

100.00 

E. Hitchcock: Economic Geol., p. 124.

1841. Magnetite. Chester, Blandford, Warwick, Bernardston.

Chester. In talcose slate. The beds of magnetic oxide of iron in the 

west part of Chester, which are nearly a foot wide, occur in hornblende 

slate; but'this appears to me to be iuterstratified witli the talcose slate, 

so that probably the ore should be regarded as a continuation southerly 

of the beds in Hawley.

Blandford. Association not known.

Warwick. Near east line in mica-slate; afc least two beds several feet 

wide; ore abundant, very compact; sp. gr. 4.47.

Analysis.

Fe3 03 ............................................... 46.34

FeO ................................................ 20.70

SiO*...........................................:.... 15.28

MnO................................................ 7.92

MgO..'...........................................-... 4.18

CaO ................................................ 4.88

Loss................................................ .70

100.00
104 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1841. Magnetite Continued.

Bernardston. Near the limestone.

Analysis.

Fe2 0;J ................................................ 57.86

FeO ................................................ 29.98 *

SiO2 .... ................ ...........:............. 9.90

MgO................................................ 5.42

MnO................................................ .54

Loss................................................ .30

100.00 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 194/612.

1841. Magnetic oxide of iron. Blandford, Chester.

Octahedra; in mica slate. Ibid., p. 607. 

1841. Magnetic oxide of iron.

In chlorite slate; abundant; also more rarely in talcose slate. 

E. Hitchcock: Ibid., p. 613.

1841. Magnetic oxide of iron.

In small disseminated masses in Shelburne in gneiss. 

Ibid., p. 637.

1865. Magnetite. Chester.

Massive, thin-veined, granular, and disseminated. Massive variety perfectly pure and unmixed between the coarse-grained Lake Champlain ore 

and the fine-grained Swedish. In fracture slightly purplish tint, blacker 

than usual, free from pyrite and rust, no native magnets; magnetic with 

polarity. On top of North Mountain a continuous seam 10 to 15 inches 

wide in a chloritoidal vein 4 to 5 feet wide of disseminated magnetite; 

this forks off from the main vein on the east at 30° in talcose slate, sunk 

upon 25 feet. No emery; seen again 600 feet on; also on South Mountain 

6 to 8 inches thick; has trace of titanium.

C. U. Shepard: Eeport Chester emery mine.

1886. Magnetite. Monson, Flint's quarry.

In broad sheets of muscovite in flattened reticulated bauds, twinned after 

the octahedron, as at Liepersville, Pa., and almost rivaling it in beauty.

From the pegmatite of the east wall of the quarry. Best specimens in 

Amherst College cabinet.

1891. Magnetite. Hawley.

This mineral is abundant the whole length of the vein on Forge Hill, 

replacing the better-known hematite in the bottom of the new shaft sunk 

at the old mine. It lies in a quartz vein in sericite schist.

1891. Magnetite. Plainfield, Charlemont.

Plaiufield. Abundant in the continuation of the Hawley vein across 

this town, associated with rhodonite.

Charlemont. In a considerable vein in the south brow of the hill 1 mile 

north of village, and in fine octahedra in hornblende chlorite-schist near 

A. P. Maxwell's.

MALACHITE. 

1818. Green carbonate of copper. Greenfield.

In greenstone vein on bank of the Connecticut River, passing under the 

river; not wrought. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115.
 EMEHSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 105

1823. Green carbonate of copper. Greenfield.

Two veins considerably abundant; amorphous and earthy. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Eiver; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 231.

1881. Malachite. Leverett, Hatfield.

Occurs as coating and small tufts at new opening of Upper Leverett 

mine, and at Hatfield mine.

1888. Malachite. Loudville lead mine.

In layers 10 to 15 mm. thick and in line tufted groups on chrysocolla; 

rare; finest specimens in Smith College and Amherst College collections.

1890. Malachite. Chester.

In hornblende schist in the shaft of the emery mine; broad films on 

cleavage planes. Especially abuudant in a peculiar olive-green serpentine.

MANGAN-AMPHIBOL. 

See Bhodonite.

MABCASITE.

1835. White iron pyrites. Cunimington and Plainfield with, cummin gtonite. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 159.

1841. White iron pyrites. Same.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 608.

1886. Marcasite. Cuinmington, Mass., and throughout western New 

England.

Massive and fibrous in mica-schist.

The pyrite of Charlemont is cited as pyrrhotite and pyrite, that of Rowe 

as pyrite.

A. A. Julien: Decomposition of iron pyrites; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

Vol. Ill, p. 398.

(All these occurrences are in one band of rock, and I have rarely failed 

to find cubical crystals at any locality and have never seen rhombic or 

fibrous forms. Professor Julien's careful studies make his determinations 

conclusive as to the presence of marcasite with the other sulphides.)

MABGAEITE. 

1865. Margarite. Chester.

" I found that the minerals margarite and chloritoid in talcose hornblende and mica-slate rocks indicated the occurrence of emery." 

C. T. Jackson: Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXXIX, p. 87.

1865. Margarite. Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 112.

1865. Margarite. Chester.

Scarcely less characteristic of. emery than diaspore, harder and more 

basic than mtca, uonalkaliue, frequently with a richness of crystallization 

and color nowhere else known. Always in near proximity to the purest 

masses of emery, sometimes traversing it in veins, at others coating more 

or less perfectly large and small rounded masses of it with layers an inch 

or more in thickness. Laminae transverse; sometimes open spaces in middle of margarite seam show terminated crystals, but rarely with crystals 

of corundophyllite; emery grains everywhere; pinkish, rarely disseminated in emery with epidote; gray and resembles mica.

C. U, Shepard: Report of Chester emery mine, p. 10.
106 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 123.

1866. Margarite. Chester.

Analysis.

Si02 ............................................... 32.21

. Ali03 .............................................. 48.87

CaO ............................................... 10.02

FeO ............................................... 2.50

MnO............................................... .20

MgO...........................................;... .32

Na.2 0 (K3 0) ......................................... 1.91

LO................................................ .32

H3 0............ ................................... 4.61

Ti02 ............................................... Trace.

100.96 

J. L. Smith: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLH, p. 90.

1866. Margarite. Chester.

Analysis by J. C. Jackson and C. T. Jackson. 

Ibid., p. 107.

1885. Margarite.

The largest crystals that have come to my notice (100 mm. long), as well 

as the thickest veins of the mineral (65 mm.), are in the Clark cabinet in 

Smith College.

The mineral has widely divergent optical axes, and in the large crystals, 

which show plumose structure on cleavage planes, the successive lamina} 

of the crystal are placed with their axes making a considerable angle with 

the axis of the composite crystal, so that in a plate of sufficient thickness 

exactly the same effect is produced as by buildiug up plates of muscovite 

with the axes in each plate diverging more and more from the first,

1891. Margarite.. Pelhara asbestos mine.

In connection with the seam of deep blue corundum crystals, bordering 

the top of the olivine bed, one fine specimen of margarite has been found. 

Pale pink plates one-half inch across in fine dark bronze biotite. A second piece shows a fine drusy surface of satiny luster and pale-green color, 

formed by the terminations of many minute implanted crystals, presenting 

a common face to the surface. Form 0 P (001), oo P oo (010), oo P (100). 

The specimens were presented to the cabinet of Amherst College by Mr. 

B. F. Merrill.

MAKMOLITE. 

See Bastite,

MELANITE. 

See Garnet, 1818.

MELANTEBITE. 

1818. Sulphate of iron. Conway.

Small quantity on mica-slate.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115.

1823. Sulphate of iron. Hawley.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p/233.
EMEBSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 107 

1892. Melanterite.

Efflorescence of iron sulphate is not uncommon in the Hawley schists, 

where pyrite is so abundant, and in the rnsty Brimfield schists along the 

eastern border of the area. The local names "copperas rock" aud "dye 

stone" indicate this.

In the band of rocks running under the western edge of Amherst village 

the sulphate is so abundant that the well waters sometimes blacken tea.

MELININE. 

1876. Melinine (yellow ocher). (Sbepard.) Turners Falls.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3. 

See Limonite, 1823. Unused synonym.

MENACCANITE. 

1824. Oxyd of titanium. Chester.

"Likewise, I have seen the oxyd of titanium in plates in mica-schist." 

E. Emtuons: LPC. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 255.

1835. Iserine.

Some of the iron sand from the banks of the Connecticut River, 40 rods 

below Turners Falls, Montague side, not magnetic, and resembles iserine. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 231.

1842. Washingtonite. (Sbepard.) Gosh en.

With spodumene, in thin folia.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XLIII, p. 366.

1844. Washingtonite. (Shepard.) Gosheu.

F. Alger: Miu.,p. 381.

1846. Ilmenite, Washingtonite.

Analysis by J. L. Kendall:

TiOz................................................ 25.28

Fe2 03 .... ........................................... 51.84

FeO ................................................ 22.86

99.98

Is identical in chemical composition and crystalline form with ilmenite. 

F. Alger: Location of rare minerals and mines of supposed distinct

species; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. V, p. 383; also Am. Jour. Sci., 2d

series, Vol. I, p. 122.

1865. Ilmenite. Chester.

Thin, curved lamimc with margarite.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 112.

1865. Washingtonite. Chester.

Emery vein; rare, black, foliated, much-curved laminje between the 

double seams of rnargarite. 

C. U. Shepard: Report of Chester emery mine, p. 11

1865. Washingtonite. Chester.

In the principal veins (layer veins) of white quartz that the large crystals of Washingtouite were found in, at one spot within a mile from the 

northern end of the emery vein.

C. U. Shepard: Discovery of emery mine, Chester; note, p. 5.

(There were in the Shepard collection, destroyed by fire, great tabular 

crystals.6 to 8 inches across and 1 inch thick of model-like perfection from 

the locality in Chester mentioned above. They were tabular by the predominance of 0. I can not iind that they were ever described by Professor 

Shepard.)
108 -A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON.. 

1866. Menaccanite. Chester.

Flattened crystals in margarite.

J. L. Smith: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 92.

1876. Menaccanite. Pelham, Ware.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 7.

1876. Washingtonin. Chester.

Ibid.

1880. Menaccanite. Blandford. Bartholomew's soapstone quarry.

In large plates in quartz in roadside opposite the quarry.

1881. Menaccanite. Ware.

In dull-black, flat crystals up to 1 inch; perfect and abundant in coarse 

granite near the railroad cut at Gilbertville.

1881. Menaccanite. Chester emery mine.

Massive in veinlets in emery; in beautiful, broad, finely striated scales 

bordering 1-inch vein of margarite and cutting corundophyllite.

1882. Menaccanite. Northfield. Calvin Swan's place.

Broad, thin plates in transparent quartz. 

In W. E. Webster's collection in Northfield.

1891. Menaccanite. Hawley.

In quartz veins adjacent to the magnetite-hematite veins in very fine, 

large, curved plates in white quartz south of Forge Kill.

MICKOCLIKE. . . . 

1818. Feldspar. Deerfield, in padding-stone.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Eiver; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p. 113.

1823. Adularia. West Springfield. Southampton lead mine (Waterhoase).

In perfect crystals in coarse granite. 

.E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 221.

1824. Green feldspar. Chesterfield.

"While on a visit to the locality of sappare in that place, I found near 

the spot where the sappare is obtained fine specimens of green feldspar 

in granite and associated therewith the siliceous oxide of manganese 

(rhodonite). It contains small octahedral crystals of magnetite."

C. U. Shepard: Loo. Min.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 251.

1825. Green feldspar. Chesterfield. Green.

Chester; pale-green color, not uniform in structure, foliated, less luster 

' than lighter varieties. Glossy quadrangular prisms in quartz, abundant 

(Emmons).

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 43.

1825. Green feldspar. Chesterfield.

. In crystals, in masses; fine; near cyanite location in granite. 

Kobinson's Cat., p. 43.

1835. Feldspar. Pelham.

Feldspar crystals with actinolite, augite, and sphene. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 398.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 109

1841. Feldspar. Belchertown.

In gneiss iu Three Rivers. Small Imt well-defined crystal, primary form 

with truncation of solid angles, in drusy cavities iu tortuous gneiss; also 

on. railroad in Middlefield; Levcrett, blue; Gosheu, green.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 637,639,703.

1852. Feldspar. (Adularia.) Palmer, Middlefield.

Most interesting crystallizations. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 189.

1876. Blue microcline. Hadley.

From coarse granite dike in Mount Warner, Hadley. 

Analyzed by J. Keep, of the class of 1874, Amherst College:

K20 .......................

Na,0 ......................

No. 1.

11.62

3.72

15.34

No. 2.

11. 03 .

3.90

14.93

1876. Microcline. (Des Cloizeaux.) Everett. (correctly Leverett).

DesCloizeaux: Un microcline blanc d'Everett, Mass., U. S. A.; Compt. 

Reudu, Vol. LXXXII, p. 889.

Professor Shopard informed me that the microcline of Leverett furnished by himself was,one of those originally investigated by Des Cloizeaux. As there is no rock in Everett, Mass., which could furnish the 

mineral, the citation above originated doubtless from reading Leverett 

"L'Everett" on Professor Shepard's labels.

1876. Microcline.' L'Everett.

Analysis ~by Pisani.

Si02 ................................................ 64. 97

Al£>*................:.............................. 21.47

MgO...................:............................ .32

K30 ................................................ 12.20

NazO ............................................... 1.78

Ign................................................. .81

101.55 

Sp.gr............................................... 2.47

Des Cloizeaux: Ann. Ch. Phi., Vol. IX, p. 433.

1880. Microcline. Amherst.

West of middle of long dike east of North Amherst. .

Pegmatitic nodules in feldspathic mica-schist, same as original locality 

iu Leverett, changing into a silvery-white muscovite along planes of the 

following cleavages, which are placed in order of clearness of development: 

'oo P', OP, oo P ob, oo P 66. They are in the progress of and as a result 

of the decomposition of the feldspar and its change to muscovite. Under 

the microscope the nodules show the structure of uticrocliue. They gave 

15 per cent alkali, mostly K20.
110 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1880. Quartz and feldspar. Hampden County.

Number of mines..........;.......................... 2

Capital.............................................. $254,000

Hands............................................... 23

Wages......................... ..................... $12,300

Value of material (per ton)......................;... $1,600

Product, tons ........................................ 3,400

Product, value....................................'... $44,000

U. S. Census, 1880, Vol. XV, p. 844.

(This refers to the mines of the Pontoosuc flint mills in Blandford, and 

probably to the quarry near Kuightsville in Huntiugton.)

1885. Microcline. Pelham, Monson, Huntiugton, Bussell, Granville, 

Blandford.

Pelham; occurs in distinct large crystals 7 cm. long; <x> P do, ' oo P', 0 P, 

P 66, P; Avhite with trace of pink in coarse granitic segregations in 

Pelham gneiss, Buffom's quarry, T. J. Aldridge, owner.

Monson; in large, nearly transparent, cleavable masses iu coarser portions of the gneiss at the south end of Flynt's quarry.

In Huntington the large masses with the spodumene on Norwich Hill 

often have the green color of Amazon stone.

Russell; left bank of the river, opposite Lower Salmon Falls.

Granville; near Munns Brook.

Blandford; north line at feldspar quarry; fine large cleavable masses 

and many well-formed crystals a foot on a side.

1889. Microclin. Huntington.

"A considerable force of men is at work on the farm of George D. 

Lyruaii, near Knightville iu Huutiugton, blasting for feldspar. If found 

in paying quantities, it is proposed to build a mill near by for crushing it."

Springfield Republican, April 18,1889.

(Fine white microcline occurs in large masses forming a giant 

pegmatite.)

MICBOLITE. 

1835. Microlite. Chesterfield.

Full mineralogical description, 0, 0 oo 0,202. In albite; conjectures 

that the principal ingredient is oxide of cerium.

C. U. Shepard: Microlite, a new mineral species; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st 

series, Vol. XXVII, p. 361.

1835. Microlite. Chesterfield.

Octahedral tungstic baryte.

Full "description and figures, 0, oc 0, 0, 2 O 2. Its chief ingredient is 

probably the oxide of cerium. Largest crystals, 0.4 gr. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., Part II, Vol. II, p. 45.

1837. Microlite.

Analysis. 

C\)0 ................. .............................. 75.70

CaO....... ........................................ 14.84

............................................ 7.42

........................................... 2.04

100. 00

C. U. Shepard: Chemical examination of microlite; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st 

series, Vol. XXXII, p. 338.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. Ill

1841. Microlite. Chesterfield.

A now mineral, chiefly an oxide of cerium. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p. 704.

1842. Pyrochlore. Chesterfield.

Transparent straw-yellow to brick-red and black, the transparent and 

smaller crystals being beautifully modified. 

Analysis by A. A. Hayes: 

TiOa ................................................ 80.0

SnOl

-0 .............................................. n. 8

UO J

CaO................................................. 8.2

100.00

J. E. Teschemacher and A. A. Hayes: On the identity of pyrochlore with 

the inicrolite of Professor Sheparcl; Am. Jonr. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLIII,

p. 33.

1842. Microlite. Chesterfield.

Maintains the species microlite and gives chemical proof that it is a 

columbate of lime and yttria.

C. U. Sliepard: Want of identity between microlite and pyrochlore; AMI. 

Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLIII, p. 11G.

1844. Pyrochlore.

"The close examination of above 200 crystals of the mineral named 

microlite by Professor Shepard * * * indicated to me in 1841 the complete identity of the mineral with pyrochlore. This identity, strenuously resisted by Professor Shepard, though on grounds which show 

a very superficial acquaintance with the whole subject, has been completely proved by subsequent analyses, particularly by that of A. A. Hayes 

(Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXXII, p. 341), and its station as a columbate of lime, according to one of Shepard's analyses, confirmed. My largest crystal is three-eighths of an inch at base of pyramid." '

J. E. Teschemacher: Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 501; Philos. Mag. 

of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin, 1844.

1844. Microlite?. Chesterfield.

Mr. Teschemacher has called my attention to some minute transparent 

yellow and highly brilliant crystals which, with columbite and microlite, 

are found in the Chesterfield granite. They have the characters of a 

columbite, but differ from true microlite. Mr. Teschemacher has a crystal 

of luicrolitc much modified by an uranium mineral crystallized with it. 

Generally the yellow stains on the albite are the most marked indications 

of the existence of microlite crystals.

Note: A. A. Hayes; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XLVI, p. 159.

1844. Microlite. Chesterfield.

Acknowledges error in calling the mineral a titanate in previous analysis 

and communicates new analysis of microlite and of the foreign pyrochlore, 

from which he concludes that they are the same mineral.

A. A.Hayes: Reexamination of microlito and pyrochlore; ibid., p. 158.

1845. Microlite. Chesterfield.

Maintains its identity with pyrochlore and explains the specific gravity 

by the greater quantity of columbic acid, 80 per cent, as against 53 per 

cent in pyrochlore. *

J. E. Teschemacher: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st "series, Vol. XLVIII, p. 395.
112 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1845. Microlite. Chesterfield.

"The dimensions of the controversy to. which this little mineral has 

already given rise seem half entitled to place it under gigantolite." In 

answer to Hayes's chemical reexamination of the mineral and interpretation of his (Shepard's) results, Shepard quotes Berzelius's Report of 

Progress, Avhere he concludes from the researches published that the mineral is only a yelloAV yttro-tantali.te. Shepard^concludes that "the whole 

rnineralogical question then if there still be any comes back to the point 

where I had left it, viz, to the difference in regard to gravities. Pyrochlore has a gravity of 4.20 to 4.32; microlite, 5.48 to 5.646. As soon as 

Mr. Teschemacher with his 200 crystals (which is a twenty-fold greater 

number than I have had the good fortune to see) shall by simple observation with the balance cause this discrepancy to disappear, etc., then the 

species will disappear."

C.U. Shepard: Ibid., p. 177.

1852. Microlite. Chesterfield.

Description.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 248.

1868. Microlite. Chesterfield.

From blowpipe investigation suggested by Brush to be probably a 

pyrochlore in which tantalic acid replaces the coluinbic, this corresponding with the high specific gravity and larger percentage of the metallic 

acid. (?) [CaO,MnO]Ta05 .

J. D. Dana: Min., p. 514.

1892. Microlite. Chesterfield.

E. S. Dana: Min., p. 728.

MOLYBDENITE.

1818. Molybdena. Shutesbnry, on land of William Eaton.

Crystals flat six-sided prisms 1 inch or more in length; in ledge 6 to 7 

feet above surface of earth, 10 to 12 feet above water. 

E. Silliman: Not. of Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 238.

1819. Sulphuret of molybdena. Briinfleld.

In granite traversing gneiss; very common. 

A. Eaton: Min. Loc.; ibid, Vol. II, p. 238.

1820. Sulphuret of molybdena. West Brimfield.

Granite, discovered by Dr. A. Lincoln. 

A. Eaton: Index, p. 94.

1822. Molybdena. Middlefield.

In actynote and steatite.

C. Dewey: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. V, p. 268.

1823. Sulphuret of molybdena. Brirnfield (Eaton).

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 235.

1824. Molybdenite. Chesterfield.

Dr. J. Porter: Loc. Miu.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 58.

1824. Sulphuret of molybdena. Chesterfield.

Six-sided prisms in quartz. 

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 58.

1825. Molybdena. Gk>shen.

In granite.

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 55.
EMERSON.] A MlNEftALOGlCAL LEXICON. 113 

1825. Molybdenite. Chesterfield, Goshen, Middlefield

In actiuolite and steatite. 

Kobinson's Cat., pp. 43, 51, 59.

1828. Mqlybdena. Shutesbury.

" Went in search of location mentioned in American Journal of Science 

(1st series, Vol. I), on land of William Eaton; could not find any such 

person nor ascertain that he ever owned land in that place, though he 

was recollected. Ascertained at length that the spot was on land of 

Mr. Pratt, in the extreme northern part of the town, close by a common 

chalybeate spring. In granite in mica-slate. Few specimens to be 

obtained without blasting."

E. Hitchcock: Miu. Ex.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XIV, p. 217.

1835. Molybdenite. Shutesbury.

Figured.

C. U. Shepard: Miu., Part II, Vol. II, p. 52.

1835. Sulphuret of molybdenum.

Said to have been found in Middlefield steatite. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 363. 

1838. Sulphuret of molybdenum. Brimfield.

With iolite, 1^ miles northeast of village, land of Samuel Patrick. 

Abundant in dots. 

J. W. Foster: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXXIII, p. 400.

1841. Sulphuret of molybdenum.

Shutesbury; Lock's Pond: In hexagonal plates nearly an inch in diameter in gneiss.

In bowlder in gneiss in Pelham, Middlefield. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass , pp. 613, 637.

1844. Molybdenite. (Masmites hexagonus.) Shutesbury.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 500.

(I have not been able to verify any of the above localities except that at 

Shutesbury. The Brimfield iolite occurs in small granite veins in the 

highly graphitic Brimfield schist. I have not been able to find molybdenite .it the locality, and probably graphite was mistaken for it.)

1894. Molybdenite. Chester.

In vein in chloritic hornblende-schist with pale-green epidote from the 

upper portion of the main shaft at the emery mine.

In distinct tabular crystals, apparently P, 0 P, oo P. P striated; 0 P 

depressed to a regular six-faced, hopper-shaped cavity, suggesting the 

idea that it may bo a twinned crystal in the rhombic system.

MONTMORILLONITE. 

1825. Carbonate of manganese. Gosh en.

The spodumeue is almost uniformly invested with a very thin coating 

of carbonate of manganese; in the interior pulverulent and delicate rcsered; at the surface brownish-black.

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 607.

1876. Quincite. Goshen.

C. U Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College.

This refers, as specimens in the Shepard collection with the author's 

label showed, to the pink coloring films upon the altered spodumene. I 

know no evidence except color which could cause one to assign the substance to the limestone mineral quiucite, and I prefer to follow Dana and 

Brush in assigning it to montniorillonite.

Bull. 126 8
114 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1879. Montmorillonite. Norwich (now Huntington).

" By the deposit of a pink substance at Norwich acting as a characteristic coloring film upon spodumene."

A. A. Julien: Spodumeue and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, 

Vol. I, p. 326.

1886. Montmorillonite. Southampton.

In thin, pink, botryoidal crusts at the Londville lead mine on decomposed granite.

1891. Montmorillonite. Belchertown.

Similar crusts upon the fissures in the mixture of granite and hornblende 

schist at Kellys Crossing.

MUSCOVITE. 

1818. Mica.

Abundant east of the Connecticut River. In crystals in Amherst. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 113.

1820. Mica. Chester or Westfleld. 

Hexagonal crystals in granite. 

Chester Bewey: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol.11, p. 237.

1823. Mica.

Cummington and Plainfield, green; Williamsburg, white and yellowish, 

abundant. 

J.Porter: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 248.

1823. Mica. '

Leverett; laminated, lamellar. Goshen, yellowish-green and violet, and 

sometimes in rhombic tables (Gibbs).

Most of the mica in the granite veins in Conway, Ashfield, Williamsburg, Chesterfield, etc., is stra\v-yello\v, sometimes rose-red, and in these 

veins it exists in excess. It occurs in these and other towns, also in granite 

and of a smoky or nearly black color.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol.VI, p. 220.

1824. Prismatic and tabular mica. Norwich (Huatington).

Abundant and very beautiful at White Rocks, one-half mile west of and 

visible from Pitchers Ridge. -In coarse granite. 

E. Emmons: Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 254.

1824. Prismatic mica. Chesterfield and Goshen.

Abundant.

J. Porter: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 253.

1824. Mica, prismatic. Chester.

Fibrous, very fine, passing into prisms; also Wortliington; Williamsburg, plumose.

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 41.

1825. Mica. Goshen.

Green, rose, and silver colored; also beautiful white talc, which I 

believe has not been credited to this locality ( =: cymatolite^. 

E. Hitchcock: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 21.

1827. Plumose mica. Williamsburg.

Six inches long.

A.Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol.XIT,p.260.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON., 115

1835. Plumose mica. Williainsburg; several places west and northwest of the village.

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., p.504. 

1841. Mica.

Chesterfield and Gosheu; rose-red, delicate yellow, transparent, and 

silver. Northwest of Norwich, nearly 2 feet in diameter. Prismatic mica 

in Gosheu, Chesterfield, Norwich, Leverett; best at Kussell. Plumose 

mica in Williamsburg west aud northwest of village.

E. Hitchcock: Final Report, p. 701.

1846. Damourite. Chesterfield.

Yellow, amorphous; found hi very small quantity; gives off water, 

becomes milk-white. Before the blowpipe melts with great difficulty into 

white enamel, colorless bead, blue with cobalt. Silica, alumina, with little 

potash. In recesses in the albite and seems to have undergone strong, 

pressure.

Teschemacher: Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. II, p. 107.

.1857. Mica. Chesterfield.

The rose-colored mica contains:

K20...........................A..................... 9.08

Na2 0 ................................................ .99

Li30 ................................................. .64

H2FL................................................. 1.89

Angle of optic axes, 74.76.

J. W. Mallet: Am. Jour. Sui., 2d series, Vol. XXIII, p. 180.

1879. Muscovite pseudomorphs after spodumene. Chesterfield 

Hollow. Goshen, Ban-as farm.

"Many pseudomorphs were found in the Chesterfield vein which consist 

in large part or entirely of a greenish-yellow muscovite of a peculiar 

greasy luster. In fact all stages of admixture with cymatolite were 

observed from the almost pure pseudomorphs of the latter mineral, in 

which muscovite occurred only in minute or even in microscopical scales, 

lying mostly parallel to the axis of the crystals to others in which the 

mica was so abundant as to have imparted a yellow or greeuish color to 

the mixture and at last to micaceous pseudomorphs, perfectly free from 

cymatolite. All these varieties of intermixture appear to be rather the 

results of intercrystallization than of alteration of either one of the pseudomorphous minerals into the other. In another form the pseudomorp'h 

in albitic granite graduates into pure muscovite in irregular granular 

arrangement, producing prisms of great si/e. At the Barras farm' aglaite' 

and niuscovite are intercrystallized in similar ways. The change of 

spodumene into muscovite seems to consist in an exchange of alkalies and 

removal of 2SiO-2 from the molecule of spodumene."

A. A. J alien: Spodumene and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 

Arts, Vol. I, p. 347.

1879. Killinite. Chesterfield, Huntiiigtoii.

"Found frequently, but in limited quantities, at Chesterfield Hollow, 

and quite rarely in the Huntington vein."

It occupies the entire core of some of the smaller cymatolito pseudomorphs after spodumene, but ordinarily appears as a layer between it and 

the outer crust of cymatolite (q. v.). Texture foliated; H. = 3.5; luster 

dull and greasy; color greenish-gray to olive-green. Under the microscope 

the straight parallel fibers of killiuite are continued iu the curved needles
116 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1879. Killinite Continued.

and blades of the cymatolite. From the analysis below is deduced the 

formula for killinite: HaKjAlsSisOis + 2 aq. which is derived from the 

doubled molecules of spodumene (Li4Al2Si8021 ), by the replacement of Li< 

by (HiK?), the removal of (3Si02 ), and the addition of (2H2O), and this 

change is assumed to have been caused by "meteoric alteration," by 

surface waters charged with organic acids and their aminoniacal salts 

combined with potassa derived from the orthoclase, and to be subsequent 

to the formation of cymatolite.

A12 03 .... ....................

FeO .........................

MnO.. .......................

CoO...... ...................

MgO.... .....................

CaO .........................

LiaO.... .....................

Na,0 ........................

KS 0 .........................

H.2 0... ......................

....................... 32.50

....................... 2.33

....................... .04

....................... .04

....................... .48

....................... .77

....................... .32

.......:............... .78

....................... 7.24

....................... 7.66.

Nitrogenous organic matter......................... 1.14

100.12

A. A. Julien: Spodumene and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, 

Vol. I, p. 354.

1880. Killinite.

Proved to be probably a hydrous muscovite, or sericite.

G. J. Brush and E. S. Dana: The spodumene of Branchville; Am. Jour. 

Sci., 3d series, Vol. XX, p. 274.

(In view of the results reached by Brush and Dana in the paper above, 

we may call attention to the close similarity chemically of killinite and 

inuscovite and the greater simplicity of the explanation suggested by 

Professor Julieu (p. 349) for the change of spodumene into muscovite the 

separation of (2Si02 ) from a molecule of spodumene as compared with 

the explanation quoted above for the change of spodumeue to killinite.

It is more interesting to see that the two explanations are in essence 

almost identical, and since the last-quoted explanation is based on an 

elaborate discussion of a single analysis of a substance which is probably 

a mixture, I think we are justified in accepting the simpler and extending 

it somewhat more than the author does to cover the change of spodumene 

to "killinite"'as well as to the coarsely crystalline muscovite.

Killinite is thus the cryptocrystalline representative of the mica 

pseudomorph as cymatolite is of the granitic.)

1880. Mica. Hainpden County.

Number of mines.................................... 1

Capital............................................ $5,000

Workmen.......................................... 25

Wages............................................. $750

Explosives......................................... $600

Product, pounds ................................... 1,000

Product, value..................................... $1,250

Tenth Census, 1880, Vol. XV, pp. 843, 851,852.

On page 851 the product is given as 1,000 tons. This refers to the mine

of the Pontoosuc flint mills, situated on the mountain south of their mills

and in the town of Blandford.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 117

1881. Muscovite. Williamsburg.

"Plumose mica'abounds on what is known here as Gear Hill, about 1 

mile northwest, near the hamlet called Searsville. I have found it plentiful there for some sixty years, and have supposed it the best locality 

known; fovind only within the .circuit of a few hundred acres."

Morris Dwight (letter to the author).

1882. Muscovite. Goshen.

I have found pseudomorphs of muscovite after spodumene on the north 

shore of Lily Pond, in the northwest'of Goshen.

1883. Muscovite after microcline. Amherst.

West of middle of long dike east of North Amherst. 

Muscovite, Avhite, developed on the cleavages 0, T', do P ob, oo P <fc, of 

nodules of microcline until it nearly takes its place.

1886. Muscovite. Monson. Flynt's quarry, east side.

In imperfectly bounded crystals up to 8 inches square; cleavage planes 

occupied by a twinned network of flattened crystals of magnetite, as in the 

nmscovite of Pennsbury, Pa. The pattern is here finer and more delicate, 

and there is always a free border one-half inch wide in the muscovite 

which is free from the magnetite. The crystals occur in the upper edge 

of a small pegmatite dike which penetrates the gneiss from below and 

comes to its upper limit in the middle height of the quarry.

1886. Muscovite.

The "lithionglimmer" of Chesterfield and other North American localities contains stannic acid. 

F. Sandberger: Untersuchungen iiber Erzgiinge, p. 191.

1891. Muscovite. Russell.

In columnar crystals. 

C. Hinze: Min.; p. 629.

NATROLITE. 

1818. Zeolite. Beerfleld.

Rare, radiated.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Scl.,lst series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1823. Zeolite.

Radiated fibrous masses sometimes as large as a musket ball, or, more 

rarely, an inch in diameter. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 224.

1824. Fibrous zeolite. Chester.

Associated with prehnite in fibrous masses (Emmons).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 45.

1841. Thomsonite.

In the amygdaloid on the east side of the greenstone range in Deerfield 

and Greenfield; a few rather poorly characterized radiated specimens 

exceedingly resembling the thomsonite of Scotland.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 662:

1882. Natrolite. Deerfield.

This mineral occurs in loose tufts of very minute needles 0.01 to 0.004 

mm. in diameter, coating prehnite, especially in those specimens where 

epidote was abundant. It was not found associated with datolite or any 

of-the succeeding minerals. The needles were colorless when fresh, but 

large pieces of rock were thickly covered with brown tufts of apparently 

the same mineral, which gave a black bead with the blowpipe and seemed 

to be nearly transformed into limonite.
118 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON: [BOLL. 126. 

1882. Natrolite Continued.

The natrolite is succeeded in the prehuite-epidote veins only by calcite, 

acute scalenohedra inclosing whole tufts of the former mineral, and. by 

fluorite, which is speared upon the delicate needles of the natrolite in 

minute, transparent, colorless octahedra, pierced through a hexahedral 

axis. From one to four of these are strung upon a single needle, often at 

the very tip, and in-one field of the microscope (x 40) I counted seventeen; 

and the whole, having as a background the deep-green polished faces of 

the epidote crystals upon which the group rested, made an object of great 

beauty. It undergoes also an extremely peculiar alteration into saponite, 

and further appears in hollow psendomorphs apparently of saponite acute 

prisms resembling epistilbite.

B.K.Emerson: Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXVI, 

p. 355.

1882. Natrolite. South Hadley.

Following up Dry Brook in the northwest of South Hadley to the point 

where it runs on the line of contact of sandstone on trap, the latter is 

coarsely amygdaloidal and the cavities are filled with radiated natrolite 

which make exquisite preparations for the microscope.

1891. Natrolite. Buckland, near Shelburne Falls.

In quarry on railroad in white gneiss. Tufts of white needles. Very 

rare. Associated with axinite.

NEPHRITE (?). 

1824. Jade (subspecies of nephrite). On Westfield River.

Very tenacious; scratches quartz; of pale-green oily aspect; fragments 

splintery and fracture dull; rare (Eminous).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 43. ' .

(This can not be identified. It is possibly a green horustone or silicified 

serpentine from the Middlefield bed.)

OLIGOCLASE.

1865. Amphodelite. Chester.

The diaspore is associated with rose-colored arnphodelite. 

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 112.

1865. Indianite. Chester.

"A vein of Indianite many inches thick is found near the tunnel in 

South Mountain running for many rods through the chloritic rock on the 

east side of the emery vein (exterior to its gueissoid wall). This chloritic 

seam is called by the workmen 'the fringe rock.' Small particles of the 

corundum are diffused through, the iudianite."

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XL, p. 123.

1866. Andesine. Chester.

The rock originally mistaken by me for granular quartz and called

 indianite by Shepard proves on analysis to be andesine, although it is

harder than stated in the books, scratching quartz easily. It is associated

with crystals of black tourmaline; compact, fine.granular. Sp.gr. 2.586;

H. 7.5; color slightly greenish-white.
EMERSON. J A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 

1866. Andesine Continued.

Analysis,

119

SiOs ...... .................

ALA----------------------

CaO........................

MgO... ....................

Na2O ......................

H20...... ..................

No. 1.

62.00

3.50

.70

8.07

1.00

QO fi7

No. 2.

. 60. 00

25.00

..........

1868.

C. T. Jackson: Analysis of seven minerals from the emery iniue of 

Chester; Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 107.

Indianite. Chester.

Exterior to the vein on its eastern side, a few feet within the talcose slate 

on South Mountain, near Deer field River, is a layer 6 inches to 2 feet thick 

called locally "the fringe roclc," Through the middle runs a vein of indianite 2 to 10 inches; massive, fine granular, yellowish; contains corundum.

C.U. Shepard: Report of the Chester emery mine.

The mineral shovrs all the optical properties of oligoclase.

1887. Oligoclase. Palmer; bowlder at house of R. Priutible.

In bowlders of coarse hornblende biotite gneiss; large masses 1 to 2 dm. 

across of a curious very fresh feldspar; color shading from white to pitch 

black, in large patches. Marked conchoidal fracture and glassy luster, 

and tabular parting rudely parallel to a prism face-. Rarely a brilliant 

basal cleavage without pearly luster and with fine twin striation; color 

due to parallel microscopic needles exactly like those in labradorite; sp. 

gr. 2.63; extinction, 2° 48' on OP. Traces of play of colors on oo P oo. 

Analysis by G. H. Corey, class of 1888, Amherst College:

Si02

CaO

K2 0

This equals 6 Ab: 1 An.

64.74

22.48

4.54

7.84

.26

99.86

OPAL.

1821. Stalactitical quartz. Cummington.

J. Porter: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 247.

1821. Opal, Hyalite. Middlefield, Worthington.

Dirty-brown. » 

Robinson's Cat., pp. 59-78.

1823. Opal. Middlefleld (Emmons).

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 248.

1824. Siliceous sinter, hyalite.

In serpentine in Middlefield (Erumons); sometimes nearly Stalactitical 

(Porter); dirty-brown, coarse, ferruginous in Middlefield; reddish-brown 

with whitish spots (Emmons).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 39.
120 A MOERALOGICAL LEXICON. 

1841. Hydrate of silica. Pelham.

E. Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., p. 99.

1876. Opalite. Yariety of hyalin. Monson and Greenfield.

C. U. Sbepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 5.

1881. Hyalite. Monson, Pelham.

Monson. Delicate chrysocolla green to colorless layers on gneiss and 

hornblenclic gneiss at Flynt's quarry.

Pelham. In colorless layers, botryoidal, on gneiss in quarry above 

bridge over Amethyst Brook.

1882. Hyalite. Greenfield.

A colorless hyalite of fine botryoidal structure covers, with a thick layer, 

broad surfaces in the dark-gray diabase from the cuttings for the new 

road from Greentield to Turners Falls, where also pearly white botryoidal 

layers are very abundant and seem in many cases to be of very recent 

origin, and to have coated minute rootlets, which had penetrated the fissures and lay across the botryoidal surface.

B. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 355.

1883. Opal.

Large bowlders in Amherst, probably from Conway, highly ferruginous 

and full of small balls of limonite and show drusy chalcedonic surfaces.

Heated thirty hours with 20 per cent solution of KHO, only 46.61 per cent 

remained insoluble; loss by ignition, 2.94. The citations of the Conway 

locality are given under Quartz.

1883. Hyalite after barite. Leverett, eastern lead mine. 

E. J. Whitaker, class of 1883, Amherst College.

OETHOCLASE.

1820. Adularia. Briinfield,

In gneiss and granite. Nearly equal to that of the Alps. Near residence 

of the late Gen. William Eaton. 

Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. V, p. 41; also Amos Eaton, Index, p. 94.

1832. Adularia. Brimfield, near center of town.

Greenish; used as a gem.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXII, p. 50.

1838. Adularia. Brimfield, one-half mile northeast of village, Warren 

road, near house of Samuel Patrick.

Withiolite; chatoyant; striated.

J. W. Foster: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XXXIII, p. 399.

1883. Adularia. West Northfield.

In minute simple crystals ao P, 0 P, 2 ob, in drusy surfaces and in larger 

crystals up to 8 mm., deeply corroded on prism face parallel to the vertical 

axis, associated with radiated cleavelandite. On Devonian quartzose micaschist at end of clearing, southwest of South Vernon.

1887. Orthoclase var. moonstone. Brimfield, Monson, east part; 

Wales, Holland.

The fresh transparent feldspar cited above as adularia agrees exactly 

with the moonstone of Ceylon. It occurs in small lenticular inclosures in 

the Brimtield schist. Quite large cleavage pieces can be obtained which 

are wholly free from fissures, and with fine opaline, luster.. The extinction, 

on 0 P is 0.
EMERSON.J A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 121

1895. Orthoclase. Yar. Chesterlite. Warwick.

Small flesh-colored crystals, f mm. across, in druses in the epidotegarnet rock. South of the village, oo P, 0 P, P op.

OTTEELITB.

See Chloritoid (1865) and Biotite (1852).

PELHAMIKE. 

See Chrysolite (1876).

PELHAMITE. 

See Chrysolite (1876) and Jetferisite (1875).

Pelhamite of Cooke 1875 (= jefferisite) antedates pelhaiuine of Shepard 

1876, which is the least altered form of an eruptive rock. Both words 

should be retired' to the list of synouyms.

PETALITE(?) or SCAPOLITE. 

1841. Petalite(?) or scapolite. Westfleld.

In serpentine in a vein nearly a foot wide.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 618.

(Probably refers to the enstatite bed at Munn's Brook. Seep. 77.)

PHENAKITE. 

See Beryl, 1838.

PHLOGOPITE. 

1885. Phlogopite. Middlefleld.

In *jhe pre-Cainbrian limestone iu the railroad cutting on Coles Brook, 

in small yellow and bronzy scales;

PHOSGENITE. 

See Anglesite.

PHYLLITE. 

See Biotite.

PIHLITE.

1868. Pihlite.

See Cymatolite (1868).

PIMELITE. 

1825. Pimelite. Middlefield.

" In the neighborhood of the spot where the crystallized steatite is found 

Dr. Einnious and myself discovered very beautiful pimelite. It occurs in 

serpentine. It possesses a very deep apple-green color, is very pliable, 

and when first broken from a cavity is greasy to th.e touch."

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 609.

(This is not again cited by Professor Shepard.)
122 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1826. Pimelite. (Nickel coloring clay.) Middlefield.

Small quantities iu cavities in stalactitical quartz; color fine grassgreen. The masses when first broken present a granular structure; when 

dry, become compact and full of cracks and fissures; in quart/ connected 

with serpentine.

E. Emmons: Min. Not.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 11.

The two citations are interesting as showing that the localities of 

" stalactitical quartz,"- (that is, the yellow chalcedony of Chester) and the 

" crystallized steatite" (that is, the olivine pseudomorph in serpentine) 

are near together, probably iu the brook bed crossing the serpentine near 

its base.

FINITE.

1825. Finite. Chester.

Generally amorphous; in granite traversing mica-slate, one large crystal 

obtained measuring 2£ inches in diameter; not abundant. 

E. Emmons: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 11.

1841. Finite. Chester (Eramons's Mineralogy).

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 605.

PLATINUM? 

1838. Platinum?

Dr. H, Holland thought he obtained a trace of platinum from Chester 

chromite. 

E. Hitchcock: Ecou.. Geol., p. 125.

PREHNITE. 

1818. Frehnite. Deerfield.

In greenstone, incrustiug the columns in radiated masses, rarely crystallized ; veins nearly perpendicular. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1823. Prehnite. Deerfield, Greenfield, etc.

Iu Deerfield radiated masses sometimes contain pyritous copper which 

occurs also on pseudomorphous quartz, and has evidently been formed 

since the decomposition of the crystals originally occupying the cavities; 

also on chalcedony.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 223.

1824. Prehnite. West Springfield.

Iu secondary greenstoue, in radiated masses.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 45.

1825. Prehnite. West Springfield.

In greenstone; in green radiating fibers, decaying; poor. 

Emerson Davis: Min. Not.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 252.

1825. Prehnite. Greenfield.

In greenstone (Hall). 

Robinson's Cat., p. 52.

1835. Prehnite. Turners Falls, on Greenfield side.

Nearly white; more common on eastern side of greenstone ridges. Example: Mouth of Deerfield River and 4 to 5 miles south at Pine Nook in 

Deerfield; in West Springfield no very rich specimens.

E. Hitchcock; Geol. Mass., p. 434.
EMEHSON.] A MINERALOGICAL'LEXICON. 123 

1841. Prehnite. Belchertown, in gneiss; Three Rivers.

E. Hitchcock: Final Report, p. 639. 

(Should be Palmer.)

1841. Prehnite. Greenfield, West Springfield.

Common in amygdaloid; color nearly white; more common on eastern 

side of ridge than western. Examples: Notch of Deerfield River, on east 

side of same ridge, 4 to 5 miles south at Pine Nook; also West Springfield 

on west side of ridge; also 1 mile east of Deerfield church, and 1 mile 

east of Greenfield. Finest specimens at cutting of Western Railroad in 

West Springfield. The balls of radiated prehnite here occupy veins in the 

rock along with calcareous spar, whieii often invests the prehnite with 

minute crystals. (This last locality is the Tathain cut in the posterior trap. 

Specimens preserved in the State collection at Amherst.)

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 661.

1859. Prehnite. Three Rivers^ Palmer.

"On gneiss."

E. Hitchcock; ibid., p. liv.

(Nearly perfect discs with slightly bulging faces and milled edges like 

a thick coin. Specimen in the State collection at Amherst.)

1859. Prehnite. West Springfield.

"On greenstone."

E. Hitchcock: Cat. State Col., Agr. Rep. Mass., app., p. Ivii.

1882. Prehnite. Pelham.

Ward's quarry on joint in Pelham gneiss. In minute, flat, blade-like 

crystals 0 P, oo P, oo P oo, pale mountain green, often slightly covered with 

rust layer; in stout crystals 5 mm. to 6 mm. long with same faces or only 

0 P,oo P; oo P is curved and 0 slightly rounded; same color. The latter 

form is in single crystals and not twinned as in the trap prehnite from Deerfield, as it polarizes simply. Paragenesis: 

Gneiss,

Quartz,

Epidote,

Prehnite,

Scolecite, 

Pyrite,

Kaolin,

Limonite. 

Found by H. A. Smith and others of class of '83, Amherst College.

1882. Prehnite. Deerfield. Afc Cheapside, south of the riv&r.

In fissures.

Prehuite occurs hero most abundantly and always as the oldest mineral 

in the veins in which it appears. That the veins where it is absent have 

been filled at a later period and at a lower temperature is evident from 

the fact that in these the vein walls are quite as fresh as the body of the 

rock, while in the prehuite veins the walls are deeply decomposed, often to a 

depth of several centimeters into a rusty vesicular mass, which has been 

filled with massive prehnite, forming a rock nearly as compact as the trap 

itself. Similarly many detached fragments of the trap have been thoroughly decomposed and in the same way filled with massive prehniteUnder the microscope the mineral is here seen to be made up of fibers 

variously matted and interlaced and intermingled with the remains of the 

trap, and much of it exactly resembles chloi'astrolite. In other specimens 

the oldest layer of the mineral is jet-black to deep oil green, polished and
124 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1882. Prehnite Continued.

often slickensided and gashed, the color being due to the thorough impregnation of the prehnite with diabantite. The motion of the rock walls has 

also at times broken up the prehnite into sheets, which are slipped over 

each other variously and recemented by prehnite. Wherever the mineral 

is hindered in its growth it shows a strong tendency to take on these 

fibrous forms, which seem to me to depend upon a greater energy of the 

crystallizing force in the direction of the long horizontal axis; upon which 

depends also the curvature of the faces so common in the species. Generally these fibers are quite large, peculiarly rigid, and in large numbers 

parallel to each other. In one slickensided piece the fibers of black prehnite, all straight and parallel and placed at a slight angle to the surface 

of the trap, seem as if combed into this position by the movement of the 

walls, and, b.eiug jet-black from inclosed diabantite, resemble in appearance seams of fibrous hornblende or chrysotile.

The fibers are, however, generally colorless, transparent, and of a high 

satiny Inster on the face 0 P. They are apparently always elongated in the 

direction of the long horizontal axis and bounded by the planes 0 P, oo P 66, 

oo P ob . At times the satiny luster is reflected from a large group of the 

needles at once, and they are seen when magnified to be in juxtaposition, 

and forming each group for itself an aggregate crystal, the lines of junction being represented in the larger crystals by the striation parallel to the 

long axis. At times the little groups ran under each other, or joined at 

their ends under angles of 80° and 100°, as if there were some trace of 

twinning on oo P, as in the spindle-shaped 'crystals described later. It 

seemed like a model of the complex striation seen in the latter.

The prehnite also occurs in many drusy cavities covered with small distinct crystals, pale green, emerald green to yellow, and in delicate emeraldgreen "roses" produced by the multiple twinning of the same form 

OP, oo P do, oo Poo, and in stout, square prisms with base and two sides 

convex, the two remaining sides concave. The more common botryoidal 

forms are scarcely represented.

By far the most abundant, finely crystallized, and peculiar form is a 

stout double cone or spindle, the two cones joining directly base- to base 

with an angle of 80°, or separated by a cylindrical plane, which may 

become as wide as the conical faces by which it is bounded; rarely this 

face is replaced by a reentrant angle of 41°. These three faces are physically unlike, the two sloping ones being sometimes smooth and polished, 

at others mosaic-like, the equatorial plane being oftentimes milled as 

regularly as a coin by the oscillatory repetition of oo P and oo P 06, and 

finally the conical faces become rarely convex in the direction from the 

apex to the base, producing small, globular forms. These cones ar,e laid 

usually with their axes parallel to the surface on which they rest the 

axes pointing in all directions in this plane and fused together so that 

only a fraction of each one is distinct, though they often stand out so that 

half or three-quarters of the circumference is visible, and in this way 

completely cover broad surfaces with a splendid crystallization. In color 

they range from white and nearly pellucid to pale celandine green, and 

rarely to pale rose color, in the smaller spindles with polished sides, to 

deep, clear apple green in the largest cones; and in other forms with very 

broad cylindrical faces, deep mountain green. Several pieces a foot 

square were obtained covered Avith the finest crystals. In a single 

instance the crystals of this form have spread over calcite, and, this having been removed, they presented a group of scarcely adhering individuals, the segments of cones bounded below by a single saddle-shaped face.
EMERSON.] A MINEK'ALOGTCAL LEXICON. 125

1882. Prehnite Continued.

The internal structure of these crystals is quite peculiar. The pearly 

basal cleavage passes inward in the direction.of a vertical section of the 

cone, and plates cut in this direction and continued down into the trap 

show the fibrous prehnite at the base felted together with much decomposed trap, above growing purer and forming distinct crystals with doubly 

striated cleavage faces, which are twinned along a distinct suture and 

bounded outwardly by irregular planes of contact. After each crystal 

has risen above the general level to form the segment of a double cone, 

the suture forks with an angle of about 41°, and the two lines run to 

meet the angles formed by the meeting of the two conical faces with the 

central zone. Each of the spindles is thus made up of three crystals, one 

on either side of and one within the angle of the Y-shaped suture.

The shaded portion of fig. 2 represents such a vertical section, in which 

D o' andD o" (= oo P oo ) are the sections of the two conical faces and o' o" 

(= oo P do ) that of the central cylindrical face.

FIG. 2. Prehnite; cross-section of twins.

The relations of the three crystals are made clear by fig. 2. Three superimposed prisms, oo P, having tli'e base 0 P in common are revolved on 

the common vertical axis c to right and left until a prism face of each 

becomes parallel to the long horizontal axis of the third. Thus the two 

lateral crystals form an arrow-headed twin with a face of ooP iii common, 

and are twinned against the middle one so that the same face oo P in each is 

parallel with oo P ob of the latter. If now the obtuse angle of the two lateral forms be truncated by oo P 66 and that of the central one by oo P ob down 

to their point of contact o' and o", a plane, marked with a heavier line in the 

figure, results, by whose revolution on the short axis a-a the spindle-shaped 

twin would be formed. The central crystal has the form of a triangular 

belt fitted into a similar groove upon the circumference of a wheel. An 

inspection of the figure will show that the arrow-headed twin, if formed 

by the union of two crystals having only the faces oo P and oo P oo, would 

leave for the third crystal only an extremely shallow reentrant angle of 

160°, whereas the latter penetrates between the two in an angle of about 

41°. This is because the acute angles of the lateral crystals are each 

replaced by the form oo P 3, giving a reentrant angle of 43° 17'. The
 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1882. Prehnite Continued.

approximated faces of this form are alone strongly developed and make 

a trumpet-shaped cavity for the reception of the wedge. The curved 

basal face in the free crystals mentioned above were formed by the blunt 

point of the arrowhead and by the corresponding faces of oo P § on 

the outer acute angles below at a," and a'. The tendency of the mineral to form these strange triplets seems to depend upon the greater intensity of the crystallizing force in the direction of the long horizontal axis, 

so that of the many crystals which start in. the fibrous base only a few 

survive and grow up into the free space by preponderating additions to 

the face oo P do at right angles to the long axis, and are soon twinned so as 

to allow a third crystal to wedge in between them aud grow by the development of the same face. All three grow thus predominantly in the same 

direction and expose and add to only the single crystalline face, and the 

crystal expands in growing like the top of a growing tree. The common 

vertical axis of the three crystals is bent thus into a circle. "

When examined under the polarizing microscope, the central crystal, 

though showing a strong vertical and a faint horizontal striation, acts as 

' a single crystal. The two flanking crystals present through a whole revolution under the nicols a complex latticework of brilliant colors with 

. two predominant positions of maximum extinction, or rather of extinction 

of the greatest number of the narrow bands and wedges of color in the 

field, at angles of 40° and 50° on either side of the suture tliat is, when 

parallel to the two sets of axes a! V and a" V of the two lateral crystals. The narrow wedges of color often repealed many times, placed 

parallel to each other, extinguishing the light together, and bounded by 

. lines making an angle of 10° with each other, are especially peculiar.

Of course the extinction of the light on the right hand of the suture 

parallel to the axis V can alone be referred to the right-hand crystal, and 

the extinction at an angle of 10° with this and on the same side of the 

suture that is, parallel to the axis a" of the left-hand crystal must be 

referred to this latter. So that the twin is not formed simply by the 

approximation of the two parts along the common suture plane, but by the 

interpenetration also of each by the other in narrow and, as it were, interwoven bands, as is represeuted schematically in the figure much more 

regularly, of course, than in nature.

The two principal striations in each of the lateral prisms make an angle 

of 40° with the central suture that is, an angle of 80° with each other.

It follows, taking the prism on the right (fig. 2) for example, that 

while one of these striations is parallel to the long axis V of this prism, 

the other is parallel to the long axis V of the opposite, and in fact both 

striatious seem in the plainest manner to be continuous as right lines 

across the suture.

Traces exist also, very faint indeed, of two other sets of striatious at 

right angles, respectively, to those already described, which are identical 

with the delicate horizontal lining of the central crystal, and which combined with those first mentioned produce the long wedge-shaped blades 

with angle of 10° described above. This second striation is indicated in 

the lower portion of the shading in fig. 2. The phenomena here detailed 

would seem also to find their explanation in the interpenetration of the 

lateral prisms.

The similar twins of prehnite from Farmington, Conn., which occur in 

the same Triassic trap as the Deerfield crystals, were figured by M. Des 

Cloizeaux,' and have been recently the subject of discussion by the

»Miu., p. 451, Atlas XXIX, 167 bis, 1862.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 127

1882. Prehnite Continued.

same author 1 and by M. Mallard- because of their optical peculiarities. 

They do not seem from the descriptions to present the spindle shape, 

and in cross section they differ from the Deerfield crystals in one important particular.

In the Farmington crystals the sloping faces (J''iu fig. 2) make an angle 

of 100° with each other, and the termination of the crystal is thus bounded 

by a threefold repetition of the face oo P 06, while in the Deerfield forms 

tbe corresponding angle of the two sloping.faces measured over the single 

exposed face of the central crystal is 80° (1)1)D, fig. 2), and the three faces 

have the formuhe oo P 06, oo P 66 , oo Poo.

One may express the relation of the two very simply by saying that in 

the Farmington crystals the end of the arrowheaded angle twin having 

the reentrant angle has its acute angles truncated by oo P 66 to form the 

sloping sides, while in the Deerfield forms tho other end is developed, and 

the outer obtuse angles truncated -by oo P do, as in the annexed figure.

Deerfield.

140

180

Farmington.

FIG. 3. Prehnite; cross-section of twins: from fissures in Trassic diabase at Cheapside, Deerfield.

It seems to me simpler to say that the iuterpenetration of the two is so 

complex and at the same time so varying that in one case on the right of 

the suture tho crystal which is turned to the right predominates and is 

truncated by oo P 66 (F in fig. 2), at right angles to b', and in the other 

that which is turned to the left predominates on the same (the right) side, 

and determines the truncation by oo P ob (D in fig. 2) at right angles to 

axis a"; while in the forms curved in the direction o 1 a, and in those with 

faceted faces, there is a gradual or interrupted transition from one to the 

other.

This would also harmonize very well with the complex optical results 

detailed in the above papers, and especially with the dispersion toumante 

signalized by M. Des Cloizeaux for the Farmington crystals.

If the sloping faces in the Deerfield crystals, like those of Farmington, be referred to the acute angles of the arrowhead, to recur to tho first 

explanation given above, they would have the more complex formula 

oo P 6|. Furthermore, the two well-marked striatious described above 

form by their intersections diamonds with tho acute angles (80°) at top 

and bottom, while the larger angle is at the sides, while the drawing of 

M. Des Cloizeaux 3 shows the reverse to be the case in the crystals from 

Farmington.

' Bull. Soc. Min., Vol. V, Nos. 2 and 5,1882. 

2 Ibid., No. 3. 

"Min.; ibid.,loc.cit.
128 A MINERALOGICAL L'EXICON. tnnLL.126. 

1882. Prehnite Continued.

That is, in the first they are parallel to 6' and V (fig. 2), while in the 

second case, if they were exactly the reverse, they would be parallel to 

the ehort axes a' and a"; but they are stated iu the later article of 

M. Des Cloizeaux to make an angle not of 80°, but of 82°, with each other, 

so that while one is parallel to a short axis the other is parallel to a hypothetical face, oo P 6. If they made an angle of exactly 80° with each 

other, they would represent the horizontal striation of the central crystal 

and the faint second striation described in the Deerfield crystals, as 

slightly indicated at the bottom of fig. 2. As it is, they are difficult of 

explanation.

In amygdaloid cavities. The amygdules of the trap quite closely repeat 

in miniature the occurrence of the large fissures, but the peculiar changes 

the prehnite undergoes in the former case makes it needful to discuss 

separately its modes of appearance there.

In the coarse diabase it occurs compact, of a bright green, as if colored 

by copper. The parageuesis is (1) diabautite; (2) chalcopyrite, pyrite, 

galena, prehnite, one or all; (3) calcite.

In the red diabase so abundant in the upper part of the dike through 

Greenfield and Gill it appears in spherical and spheroidal balls 12 to 

15 mm. in diameter, very fine fibrous, and satiny, and very pale green to 

colorless; coated, and for a distance is impregnated with diabantite. It 

is radiated, fine fibrous, the fibers not easily separated, and diverging 

from several centers and meeting along sharp suture lines, so that only 

parts of spheres result, and if waterworn the grains would form perfect 

chlorastrolites.

In the dark-gray diabase from the north side of the Deerfield, and on 

through Greenfield and Gill, cavities 10 to 35 mm. across are sometimes 

filled with fibrous prehnite, the whole blackened as if it had been held in 

the flame of a candle. Under the microscope the fibers are, for the most 

part, perfectly fresh, and up through the spaces between them has penetrated a black amorphous powder looking like the beard of iron filings on 

a magnet, or like a network of soot-covered cobwebs. The whole seems 

to be dendritic in character.

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 269.

1882. Prehnite. Bernardston.

Small compound crystals made up of several prisms surrounded by a 

dome and joined so as to make a form like a section of a thick saw blade, 

at the base of the upper quartzite of the Bernardston series; Williams 

farm.

1886. Prehnite. Northampton; at crossing of the Connecticut River 

Railroad, south of Mount Toin station. 

In diabase; pale green, botryoidal.

1886. Prehnite. Northampton. At a quarry near W. N. Moore's, 

east of Florence.

In granite; a vein 10 mm. thick has on either wall quartz combs; on 

these broad sheets of finely crystallized prehnite, the crystals simple, 

10 mm. long; forms 0 P (001), oc P (110), oo P do (100), oo P do (010); 

often resetted by continuous twinning around the vertical axis. For 

paragenesis see monograph on the geology of the area.
EMERSON.] A MtNEKALOGlCAL LEXICON. 

1886. Prehnite. Prescott.

North part, roadside west of old cemetery, in fissures in diorite.

Pearly white, in drusy surfaces of minute plates like Des Cloizeaux, 

PI. XXVIII, p. 165; OP (striated parallel to oo P oo ), oo P, oo P do, 

oo P do, 3 P 06 P; plane of optical axes oo P oo; divergence 76°, positive; 

also covering broad surfaces with radiated fibrous circles 8 to 10 mm. iu 

diameter, like wavellite, and in stout, fasciculate groups of crystals of 

forms like fig. 166 of the above plate, OP, oo P db, oo P ob, P (?).

An imperfect analysis made in the chemical laboratory of Amherst College gave results agreeing well with prehnite, except in the water determination. Mr. G. G. Pond, assistant in the laboratory, determined the 

water with care to 5.24, exactly that of prehnite.

1889. Prehnite. Monson.

In a vein in the northwest of Flyut's quarry; drusy surfaces of minute, 

transparent, colorless blades, OP, co P do, oo P db, co P, flattened on 0 and 

elongate parallel to a, as determined by fixing the position of the optical 

axes, associated with epidote, actinolite, and clinochlore, which it follows. 

It is covered by a transparent calcite and later fine green rosettes and 

barrel-shaped groups of prehnite with laumontite and calcite, shows the 

richest green color.

PEOCHLOEITE. 

1823. Chlorite. Hawley and Plainfield.

Abundant and extremely beautiful.

J..Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 248.

1823. Chlorite. Leyden and Conway, foliated. Millers Falls in Montague, penetrating milk-white quartz; New Salem.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., p. 228.

(The occurrence at Millers Falls is probably in bowlders, as the unaltered 

Triassic sandstones do not contain chlorite.)

1824. Chlorite. Middlefield and Chester.

In small masses; also in mica-slate (Emmons).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 52.

1825. Chlorite. Zoar.

Abundant.

H. W. Wells: Robinson's Cat., p. 78.

1889. Prochlorite. Blandford, Whately, Northfield.

Occurs in quartz veins at contact of granite and hornblende schist near 

Bartholomew's quarry, in Blandford. In quartz veins in the argillite at 

Whately, and in the Devonian mica-schist in West Northfield. As a constant constituent of the sericite-schist across the whole width of the State. 

It is here largely derived from garnet.

PYCNITE. 

See Topaz.

PYRITE.

1818. Sulphuret of iron. Charlemont and Deerfield.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 115. 

Bull. 126 9
130 A MINERALOGICAL LEX-ICON. fnuu,126.

1823. Sulphuret of iron. Hawley.

Small but beautiful crystals.

J. Porter: Miu. Loc.; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 248.

1823. Sulphuret of iron. (Pyrites. Iron pyrites.) Bituminous 

shale.

Westfield, Sunderlaud, Plainfield, limpid quartz. Hawley, compact. 

Montague, with hematite. Southampton lend mine, fine crystals as large 

as shot; octahedrons truncated in all their angles.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid.. Vol. VI, p. 232.

1841. Sulphuret of iron.

In mica-slate. Heath, -handsome cubic crystals. Hawley, massive, in 

considerable quantity near junction of mica and talcose slato. Loudville, 

small octahedra truncated on angles.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 607, 705.

1844. Iron pyrites. (Pyrites culricus.) Hawley, Heath.

In handsome crystals.

J. D. Dana : Sys. Min., p. 479.

1884. Pyrite. Eowe.

Oro of Davis mine.

Fe, 42.83; 8,50.30; Cu, 3.07; granular.

G. Lunge: Dingl. Polyt. Jour., CCXLIX, p. 48.

1887. Pyrite. Heath.

The vein of iron pyrites on the old Chester Rice farm at Heath, now 

owned by J. W. Tinkham, has been distinctly traced, and is on the surface about 5 feet wide by about 12 feet in length. There is thought to be 

a rich, mineral pocket beneath the indications.

Springfield Republican, 1887.

1891. Pyrite. Heath.

A ledge of rock thickly sprinkled with pyrites of iron 3 to 4 feet wide 

and 12 or more in length has beeu discovered in a ravine on the Tiukham 

farm. A small stream runs over the rocks, which when broken with a 

sledge disclose the pyrites, bright and shining. 

Springfield Republican, February 24, 1891.

1891. Pyrite. Eowe.

The Davis mine in Rowe has furnished the largest amount of pyrite of 

any locality in the State, and is perhaps the only profitable mine in the 

State. The mineral is abundant everywhere in the Hawley schists. An. 

especially fine deposit occurs south of Forge Hill, in Hawley. The deposits are of greater geological than mineralogical interest.

PYKOCHLOEE.

See Microlite, which was claimed to be pyrocblore.

PYEOLUSITE 

1824. Oxide of manganese. Plain field.

"Yielding vital air in abundance."

Dr. J. Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci;, 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 252.

1824. Black oxide of manganese. Cuimnington, near Plainfield.

Cummingtou; compact and earthy.. Also two localities of the compact 

variety of this ore west of Plainfield; in great abundance and of excellent 

quality.

Same; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 233.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 131

1824. Black oxide of manganese. Plainfield.

"Dr. Porter, of Plainfield, sent me what he calls iron ore. I have lately 

ascertained that it is manganese; Cummingtou or Plaiufiekl." 

E. Emmons: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 254.

1824. Oxide of manganese. Cuminington.

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 57.

1827. Manganese. Conway.

In quart/ vein 2 or 3 miles southeast of the meetinghouse.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 255.

1835. Oxide of manganese. Conway.

In a vein of jaspery quartz 6 to 8 feet thick; dip, 90°; strike, north 20° 

east; in southeast of Conway with hematite.

Same in numerous bowlders in Ainherst 1 mile northeast of the college. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 344.

1841. Oxide of manganese. Plainfield.

One mile west of Center and near southwest comer. Associated with

rhodonite; mined for iron. Conway, southeast part; distinct vein in 

quartz, several feet wide. 

E. Hitchcock : Geol. Mass., p. 205.

1841. Pyrolusite. Plainfield.

Several beds occur near one another at two principal places represented 

on the map; smaller and larger beds occur within a few feet of each other. 

The beds are rarely more than 3 or 4 feet thick. Apparently common 

pyrolusite. On breaking open the mass they are found to be of a beautiful 

rose red the bisilicate of manganese of Dr. Thomson. Many blocks in 

Avail northeast of the church in Curunrington, in talcose slate.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 612.

(This refers to the black decomposition products of the rhodonite.)

1878. Pyrolusite. Ainherst. Bowlders.

Very fine specimens found by J. M. Clarko in yellow jasper, doubtless 

from Conway.

1879. Pyrolusite.

Films of pyrolusite in cleavage cracks of spodumene derived from decomposition of garnet. 

A. A. Julien: Aim. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, Vol. I, p. 319.

1881. Pyrolusite.

Large bowlder; cavernous quartz with pyrolusito found by H. B. Patton, 

class of 1881, Arnheret College, on east end of Holyoke range.

PYBOMOKPHITE. 

1835. Phosphate of lead. Southampton.

Spherical light-green masses.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 508.

1841. Phosphate of lead. Southampton.

Spherical light-green masses. 

Ibid., p. 705.

1879. Pyromorphite. Leverett, south mine.

Psoudouiorphs of pyromorphite in small hexagonal prisms oo P, 0 P. 

Thin films of silica containing a pulverulent mixture of liiuomte and a 

carbonate.
132 A MINEKALOGICAL LEXICON. [BOLL. 128.

1885. Pyromorphite. Loudville.

The finest specimen I have seen is iu the Kunz collection, purchased by 

Amherst College. It is a large mass of quartz, covered with crystals 

which rival those from Phceuixville in beauty. The quartz agrees exactly 

. with the Loudville gangue.

1887. Pyromorphite. Loudville.

In large, thick coatings and drusy surfaces; also iu a fine, brown coating 

on quartz, and covered by wulfenite. Occurs coating quartz in broad 

faces; small, botryoidal, fine and rare.

In Clark collection of Smith College.

PYBOPHYLLITE. 

1876. Pyrophyllite. Leverett lead mine, North Leverett.

Pale-green, compact layer 1 to 3 mm. thick on dark-gray veinstone, 

which consists of blue quartz and some clearly cleavable glassy feldspar, 

with much barite in the mass; gives blue color with cobalt, swells and 

whitens and fuses with difficulty. H. = 3. Greasy feel, brittle, fibrous in 

places.

PYBOPE.

See Garnet (1823).

PYBOPHYSALITE.

See Topaz.

PYROXENE.

1824. Augite. Chester and Middlefleld.

Abundant in amorphous masses; sahlite and coccolite.

E. Emmous: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 255.

1824. Augite. Chester.

Greenish-gray, brown, yellowish, tending to crystalline forms; also 

beautiful white augite finely granular or compact; foliated with considerable luster.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII. p. 48.

1825. Pargasite. Chester.

Short, green crystals with idocrase and epidote. 

E. Emmons: Min. Not.; ibid., Vol. X, p. 11.

1825. Augite. Chester.

Abundant in amorphous masses. Sahlite and coccolite in beds in micaslate well characterized. Found also in Middlefield in above varieties.

Eobiuson's Cat., pp. 42, 59. '-"

(I have not been able to verify the above citations. The augitic sieuite 

mentioned below is a pyroxene hornblende contact rock upon the granite, 

and the pyroxene is in broad grass-green blades.)

1835. Augitic sienite. North part of Belchertown.

Augite and feldspar, bowlders, in Amherst (Nos. 1362,1363 in State collection). 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p.455.

1835. Augite. Pelhain.

With feldspar, actinolite, and sphene. 

Ibid., p. 398.
EMBRSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 133

1835. Augite. Williamsburg.

Augite rock. Granular greenish-yellowish, mixed with quartz inter, 

stratified with mica-schist and hornblende-schist, 2 miles west of the 

meetinghouse. Nos. 226 and 227 in the State collection. Also at Chester 

(Ernmons).

Ibid., p. 330.

Wanting in the State Collection.

1841. Augitic sienite.

"The presence of hornblende in this rock and the absence of mica have 

led me to call it augitic sienite rather than augitic granite, although in 

position it is associated with granite. There are two varieties: First, black 

hornblende, greenish augite, and yellowish feldspar; all the ingredients, 

except the feldspar, exhibiting a very distinct and lively crystalline structure; this variety occurs in the north part of Belchcrtowu. Second, 

augite and feldspar in bowlders in Amherst, the former being so arranged 

in the latter as to present the appearance of letters."

E, Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 669.

1876. Augite. Belchertown.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College.

1881. Pyroxene. Pelham.

Three fine pieces of a light-colored well-crystallized pyroxene in calcite from the asbestos mine, well terminated and complex, were destroyed 

with the Shepard collection.

Rarely in large, stout, pale-green prisms in Pelham gneiss!

1887. Augite.

Occurs as a characteristic constituent of the Triassic diabase, usually 

microscopic, but at Titan's Pier in black curved plates several millimeters 

across.

1887. Diallage. Hatfield, Belcliertown.

Occurs as a characteristic element of the Hatfield and Belchertown 

tonalite; in the former almost always, in the latter largely, changed to 

hornblende, so that it is possible that it is the source of all the hornblende; most abundant in large crystalline grains near S. and A. Craft's, 

Belchertown.

PYEEHOTITE.

1841. Hepatic sulphuret of iron. Middlefleld.

In bitter spar, in serpentine. In talcose slate. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p.613. 

1886. Pyrrhotite. Charleinont.

The .pyrite occurring in a vein in gneiss is described ^s made up of 

pyrrhotite and true pyrite.

A. A. Julien: The decomposition of pyrite; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,Vol. 

Ill, p. 398.

1891. Pyrrhotite. Chester.

In large, nodular masses at the emery mine. In colorless diaspore with 

rutile and corundophyllite.

QUARTZ. 

1810. Quartz. Southampton lead mine.

Numerous crystals, usually very regular, sometimes large, and often so 

beautiful and brilliant that the cavities look as if studded with gems. 

Many are sufficiently perfect to deserve a place in the choicest cabinets.

B. Silliraan: Brace's Min. Mag., Vol. I, p. 64.
134 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.-

1818. Quartz.

Kock crystal, Coiiway, on feldspar (description); irised quartz, Leyden; 

granular quartz, Deerfield; radiated quartz, Whatelyaud Shelburne; blue 

quartz and greasy quartz, rolled masses on banks of Deerneld River; 

pseudomorphous quartz, lamellar quartz, tubular or pectinated quartz, in 

greenstone, Deerneld; geodes and prase. North Sunderland (poor); amethyst, in greenstone, Deerfield; chalcedony, carnelian, cacholoug, sardonyx and agate, in greenstone, Deerneld (described); jasper, Deerneld 

River and Leydeu (arrows). Petrosilex (poor), same. Rose quartz, bowlder, Deerneld.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerneld; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, pp. 112. 

113.

1823. Basanite. Deerfield. !

In alluvial soil on the banl-ss of the Deerneld River, perhaps brought by 

aborigines. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 220.

1823. Quartz.

Blue quartz, Cummington. Rose, beautiful and abundant, east part of 

Chesteriield. Irised, abundant, Chesterfield. Red, yellow, orange, from 

film of metallic oxyd, greasy, Plainfield. Arenaceous, Plaiufield and 

Cummington; abundant, burnt and crushed for sand. Stalactitic, at falls 

of brook in Middlefield. The crystals, which are small and have a light 

tinge of red, are formed on serpentine, evidently i n a manner similar to that 

of stalactites. The specimens are of singular beauty (Emmons).

J. Porter: Loc. Miu.; ibid., p. 247.

1823. Quartz.

Fetid, Cnmmington; chalcedony, Middlefield.

Milky or reddish-white with blood-red spots; cavities lined with minute 

and beautiful crystals, sometimes blood red, generally white or bluish 

(Emmons). Hornstone, Middlefield (Enimous). Agate, Chester (Emmons).

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci.,. 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 248,

1823. Quartz.

Limpid, Plainfield (J. Porter). In lead mines in veins in Southampton 

and Leverett, and in copper veins in Greenfield, here doubly terminated. 

In sienite in Northampton. Greenstone, Deerfielrl, in veins and geodes 

1 to 10 inches wide. In mica slate in Conway; crystals one-tenth to 2 

inches wide, in vast quantities. In Couway fragments as transparent as 

qiiartz from Madagascar. Smoky, Plaiufield. Yellow, Southampton lead 

mine. Honey-yellow, resembling Siberian topaz, rarely at Leverett. 

Irised, Plaiufield (J. Porter). Leyden, in mica slate. Milky, Cummington and Plainfleld (J. Porter), poor. Radiated, Southampton, Whately, 

Leverett (in lead), Conway. Lamellar, greenstone, Deerfield; usually parallel; thin, brittle, sometimes intersecting. Conway, large, loose masses 

in mica-slate above 1 foot in diameter; plates often drusy, grades with 

common quartz. Pseudomorphous, cubes, Southampton lead mine. Deerfield in greenstone; also, at Deerfield, cavities with radiated arrangement, 

flattened, four-sided prisms one-half to 4 inches long (zeolite?). .

Amethyst, Mount Tom (Silliman), Deerfield; geodes, light purple, onetenth to 1 inch.

Chalcedony, Hadley, Sunderland, Deerfiekl, Gill, and in almost every 

greenstone hillock .and ridge from New Haven to Gill (description).

Chacolong, carnelian, sardonyx, agate, Deerfield; in greenstone with 

chalcedony.
EMERSON.] MINERALOGICAL LEXICON.. 135

1823. Quartz Continued.

Since the publication of previous accounts Dr. Dennis Cooley has discovered a new locality in the Deerfielcl greenstone, from which lie lias 

obtained specimens so much superior to these heretofore found that they 

deserve particular notice. Six specimens are described. No. 1 is -without chalcedony; another, with amethyst, weighs 23 pounds. Others are 

described as fortification and ribboned agate, and spoken of as of the first 

quality.

Hornstonc, Southampton lead mine; Con way. In greenstone in Deerfield and Sunderland; nodules 4 to 5 inches in gray-green, black, reddish, 

and dark-blue; fracture little conchoidal and glistening or dull and splintery, nearly opaque; some specimens resemble siliceous slate, others prase. 

Professors SillimanaudDewey, the latter of whom has examined it chemically, agree in calling it hornstone.

Jasper, Cummiugtou, banks of Westfield Eiver (J. Porter); banks of 

Deerfield River in Deerfield. Conway, Leyden, rolled, red, black, and 

yellow.

E. Hitchcock; Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series. Vol. VI, 

pp. 214-219.

1824. Plasma. Pelliam.

The most interesting mineral from Pelham is one which is undoubtedly 

a subspecies of quartz. It strongly resembles chalcedony; it preserves 

but little luster; its fracture is nearly even, somewhat splintery and llatconchoidal; it breaks readily under the blow of the hammer into large, 

indeterminate, sharp-edged fragments, sometimes exhibiting concretions; 

its color is leek-green, uniformly difi'used excepting occasionally small 

whitish dots which are distributed through the mass at nearly equal distances; it is translucent. Before the blowpipe it loses its color and 

becomes white. Should it belong to the subspecies chalcedony it is the 

variety called plasma, which has not been found hitherto in the United 

States. It was discovered in digging a cellar in a rounded mass upward 

of 2 feet in diameter.

C. II. Shepard: Min. Loc.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p. 235.

1824. Laminated quartz. Cumraington and Plainfield.

Both milky and smoky. Jasper; blue in brook in Worthiugton. 

J. Porter: Loc.Min.; ibid.,p.233.

1824. Quartz. Middlefield.

Minute pyramids in cavities in serpentine (Emrnons). Smoky, banks of 

streams. Rose, Chester, in granite. Irised, rolled masses, beautiful, Middlefield (Emmons). Greasy, Plainfield (Porter). Tabular, Middlefield. 

Blue, Cummington (Porter); grayish blue, differs little from the smoky.

Laminated; new variety, Chester (Emmous); distinctly laminated, folia 

separate by a blow like those of calcareous spar; partially translucent; 

faces not smooth, and marked by oblique stria;.

Amethyst, in trap, West Springfield (Emmons). Ferruginous, fetid, 

chalcedony, in Middletield in serpentine.

Horustone, dark-blue in Middlefield in serpentine (Emmons). 

: Agate, Middlefield and Chester; ground-yellow jasper with bands of 

bluish white; one weighed 200 pounds; it seems one vast agate made up 

of a multitude of smaller, ones.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 37. . '
136 A. MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL, m

1824. Quartz.

Yellow crystals, Worthington. Fetid, Chesterfield. Chalcedony, Cummington. Jasper, red, banks of the Westfield Kiver in Cummington. 

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 253.

1824. Agate. Near Chester.

"AVeight upward of 180 pounds; yellow jasper and chalcedony a 

large mass of chalcedony and jasper which is in part agatized. I have 

since seen not far from the village a mass almost twice as large as the one 

mentioned above." (Came from the serpentine.)

E. Emmons: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 256.

1825. Quartz.

Plainfield, blue, good color. Shelburne, radiated. 

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 54.

1825. Quartz (after calcite). Williamsburg.

"This mineral has the form of hogtooth spar incrusted with very minute 

crystals of quartz, but on breaking it it is found to be hollow with larger 

crystals at its base, or in some few instances it is wholly filled up with 

semicrystalline quartz."

Hampshire Gazette, July 14, 1824. Quoted by J. Porter in Min. Not.; 

ibid., Vol. IX, p. 54.

1825. Quartz. Chesterfield.

Crystallized in the form of the primary rhombohedron in feldspar; dull, 

one-fourth inch long, lateral edges usually truncated. 

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 608.

1825. Quartz.

Amethyst, Mount Tom; beautiful crystals. West Springfield (see Am. 

Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, p. 38.) Flint, in bituminous shale of coal 

formation. Blue jasper, Worthington, margin of brook (J. Porter). Chalcedony, Amherst; in rolled masses, of fine blue color in a brook.

Robinson's Cat., pp. 35, 65,74,78."

The latter was in bowlders from Conway.

1825. Amethyst. Belchertown.

In a rounded mans about 18 inches in diameter, composed of imperfect 

prismatic crystals of extraordinary size which shoot out from a quartzy 

gangue containing galena, blende, and copper pyrites. Many of these 

crystals terminate in regular pyramids at the surface, but just previous to 

their termination the amethyst passes through them in a vein from 1 

to 2 inches in width, and below the vein are zigzag strite of milky quartz, 

which render many of the crystals very beautiful.

C. U. Shepard: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series,Vol. IX, p. 47.

(Specimens in cabinet of Amherst College.)

1825. Quartz.

Announces the discovery of a new mass much larger than the one first 

found of the Pelham prase. (Plasma, above, 1824.) It is more uniformly 

colored, does not have whitish and yellowish spots distributed through it, 

and is of a deeper color; in a single place it passes into common quartz. 

"I think there is no doubt of its being the hornstein eccailleux of 

Brochant."

C.U. Shepard: Loc.Min.; ibid.,p.47.

1825. Quartz (after fluor). Westhampton.

"The quartz is formed in the vicinity of the argentite; some of these 

projections are rectangular; perhaps these were formed upon crystals of
HMEnaoH.1 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 137

1825. Quartz (after fluor) Continued.

sulphuret of lead, as some lead is found in the rock. We have found but 

a few of the cubic projections. The dogtooth formation is found in abundance." (The cubes show the twinning of fluor.) 

Letter of Mr. Morris Dwight; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 176.

1825. Quartz (after calcite). Loudville mine.

Hexahedral prisms with trihedral summits grouped in cavities in 

quartz, one-half inch in diameter; brownish-yellow, drusy. 

C. U. Shepard: Min. Loc.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 249.

1825. Amethyst (in greenstone). West Springfield. 

Emerson Davis: Min. Not.; ibid., p. 252.

1826. Tabular quartz. Palmer.

Of it wine-yellow color, found in abundance in Palmer at the site preparing for the new factory at Three Eivers. The crystals may be obtained 

in large groups, well defined, and embedded in coarse granite.

Anon: Cheni. and Min. Jour., Vol. I, p. 78.

1826, Quartz.

Stalactitical, Middlefield, Cummington, Worthington. Radiated quartz, 

covered with crystals, Goshen and Williamsburg. Blue jasper, in branch 

of Westfield River, Chester.

J. Porter: Min. Not.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 18.

1835. Quartz.

Amethyst. One mile east of Deerfield, 3 miles south and east of Bloody 

Brook. Mount Holyoke and West Springfield here smoky. Tabular, 1 

mile east of Deerfield. Chalcedony, gray and yellow, east of Deerfield, 

and Greenfield on west side; rare on east side of the mountain. Agates 

usually small; those found by Dr. Cooley, 2 miles northeast from Bloody 

Brook meetinghouse (South Deerfield), 9 by 6 inches; weight, 23 pounds; 

outside green one-half inch, then flesh colored, then amethystine (No. 

1191). Fortification agate. Chalcedony is also found in the Middlefield 

serpentine, and it sometimes passes into homstone. Large rolled masses 

of these minerals, often agatized, have been found in Middlefield and 

-. Chester, which probably proceeded from some serpentine locality. Also 

in the same, serpentine drusy quartz of extreme beauty.

Pelham. In bowlders scattered over several acres; fine crystals, limpid, 

commonly light-brown to tine topaz-yellow, rarely amethystine, 2 inches 

^ in diameter; with this, fine chalcedony milk-white to delicate olive.

E. Hitchcock: Gcol. Mass., pp. 371, 399,435.

1841. Quartz.

Nearly all the preceding localities cited; also Whately; delicate crystals in sienite, druses with blade-like cavities from removal of crystals 

(barite). Pelham, south part; crystals in large quantity, some of which 

will answer for the lapidary; homstone (Shay's flint), mass presented by 

0. M. Clapp to E. Hitchcock. Goshen, crystals of smoky quartz. Blandford, Chester, Chesterfield, Williamsburg, rose quartz. Southampton, 

Westhamptou, pseudomorphs after calcite and fluor. Mount Holyoke, 

amethyst; also Amherst, in rolled masses. Con way, southeast part, vein 

6 to 8 feet of brown and yellow jasper and black, brown, white, red, and 

yellow chalcedony, rarely banded agate; whole often brecciated; with 

hematite and pyrolusite; same abundant in bowlders in Amherst.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 186,604, 700.

1844. Quartz. (Hyalus rliomboliedrus}. Pelbam and Chesterfield. 

Yellow jasper. Chester. 

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 412.
138 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1859. Crystallized quartz. Norwich. Arigell's mine.

E. Hitchcock: Cat. State Geol. Cab.; Hep. Agri. Mass., Vol. VI, App. 

LXIX.

An examination of these specimens which are contained iu the collection deposited at Aruherst College shows that they are beautiful pseudomorphs after calcite £ R, and that the broad, flat plates from Ito 3inches 

square and of drusy surface are pseudomorphs after barite. 

3870. Quartzite.

Name proposed in place of quartz.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Miu. within 75 miles of Ainherst, p. 6.

1879. Quartz. Chesterfield Hollow.

Pseudomorph after spodumene, very rare, 6 to 9 inches long, sharply 

denned, not terminated.

A. A. Julieu: Spodumene and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, 

Vol. I, p. 350. 

1882. Hornstone.

In abundant half-inch veins in a layer of decomposed gneiss with 

laumouite, north end of Monson quarry; leek-green.

1882. Quartz. Deerfield.

Only in a single specimen from the Cheapside veins did quartz appealassociated with the zeolitic minerals. Here a few minute, elongated 

prisms appear in and oil prehuite. Toward the Tipper surface of the dike 

occur veins 4 to 5 cm. wide coarse, comby quartz, whose terminations 

interlace irregularly at the center. Between the wall on one side and the 

regular cockscomb quartz, a layer 10 mm. thick of .broken-up quartz crystals, recemented by quartz, showing that the vein had once partly filled 

itself and then by the rubbing together of the walls the work was interrupted. In other parts of the vein the quartz is much gashed by broad, 

thin cavities, which are often as many as twelve, one above the other, and 

parallel to the walls as well as scattered in various directions. They 

seem to have been produced by the repeated formation of a layer of some 

mineral, now wholly gone, probably selenite or barite.

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci. ; 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 351.

1883. Yellow jasper.

Bowlder in North Amherst, but doubtless from the vein iu Conway (see 

1841, above). Filled with spherical globules of hematite just visible 

with lens. Analysis by Mr. Wm. Orr, jr., class of 1883, Amherst College. 

Heated twenty-four hours on sand bath with KHO. Sp. gr. 1.20.

Analysis. 

SiOs (soluble)....................................... 55.59

SiOa (insoluble) .................................... 26. 34

FejOs.............................................. . 15. 77

Mn2 03 .............................................. .62

. 100.87 

1885. Quartz.

In quite large crystals and fine drusy crystallizations, colorless and

amethystine, rarely showing only tetrahedral faces. In many cases filled

 with minute (1 mm.) globules of .hematite so orientated that over a broad

surface all the crystals are filled on one side and looking from the opposite

direction the globules are all invisible. In diabase south of Titans Piazza.

1885. Chalcedony. Chester.

Thick masses of amber color, line botryoidal with stalactitic forms and 

incrustations of rootlets from the serpentine,
ns«HSON.j A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 139 

1885. Agate. Granby.

Veins 20 to 25 ram. thick of a fine, bluish-white agate occur in the fourth 

volcanic core east of the road running south from the Notch.

1894. Quartz. Warwick.

At the epidote locality at Crystal Hill, north of Hastings Pond, fissures 

in the epidote garnet rock are filled with long slender quartz crystal 5 to 6 

cm. long, which project freely into the cavity, are transparent, and perfectly terminated with one terminal face predominant, as in the Dauphiue"e crystals.

1895. Quartz. (Pseudomorph, after galena.) Southampton lead mine.

Hollow cubes, often a half inch across, often with parallel ridges on the 

inside, when the quartz penetrated into the cubical cleavage planes of 

the galena.

QUINOITE.

See Montmorillonite (1876).

BHODOCHBOSITE. 

1825. Carbonate of manganese. Cummington.

Flesh-color and rose-red, outside gray to black; recent fracture soon 

changes to dark color if exposed to moisture.

Effervesces sharply with acid in powder; N05 dissolves it entirely; 

before blowpipe browns; infusible. In large amorphous mass in many 

places in Cnmmington; has been called red oxide of manganese; by others 

siliceous oxide of manganese and gray oxide of manganese. All the specimens I have examined effervesce in acid.

E. Emmons: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 249,

1852. Diallogite.

A pulverulent pink variety coating triplite in granite; occurs at Goslicn 

and Norwich. 

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 96.

1891. Rhodocrosite. Hawley.

Impregnating the fine granular quartz adjacent to the magnetite-hematite veins at the old mine on the I-Iowes place (Forge Hill), and farther 

south on the vein in the Creasy pasture. It forms a flesh-colored sandstone which blackens rapidly.

1892. Rhodocrosite. Hawley.

The following analysis by Mr. L. G. Eakins, of the United States Geological Survey," represents the composition of the flesh-colored arenaceous 

rock from the mine of Mr. C. V. Creasy in the pasture just south of the 

road over Forge Hill. 

Part soluble in HC1: 

FeO ............................................... 2.40

MnO............................................... 28.44

NiO................................................ .02

CoO .....:....-.-..........-.................,..... Trace.

CaO ............................................... 10.98 

MgO............................................... 1.29

C02 ................................................ 28.71

71.84 

Insoluble in HC1, nearly all quartz................. 26.68

98.52
140 A MINERALOG1CAL LEXICON. [BOLL. 126.

RHODONITE. 

1824. Siliceous oxide of manganese.

Specimens obtained in Chesterfield, but exact locality not learned. 

W. Meade: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 54.

1824. Siliceous oxide of manganese.

Chesterfield, near the locality of sappare (kyanite), associated with green 

feldspar in granite.

C. U. Shepard: Loc.Min.; ibid.,p.251.

(I have not been able to rediscover this locality, and doubt the occurrence of rhodonite in granite in the Con way schist.)

1825. Oxide of manganese. Cummington.

"In immense quantity one-half mile west of Congregational church on 

land of Mr. Packard. It would be an easy matter to collect at this locality 

50 tons of the mineral. * * * I could not find the ore in place, though 

from the appearance of some specimens I have little doubt that they 

form a bed in mica-slate. [Suggests that the black coating is derived by 

oxidation from the pink.] Mr. Bryant, who lives near the spot, pointed 

out to me a specimen which had been broken a year or two since and 

which by simple exposure to the Aveather since tha,t time had already 

become coated by a thin pellicle of the black oxide."

E. Hitchcock: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IX, p. 22.

1825. Siliceous oxide of manganese. Cummington and PJainfield. 

In considerable abundance. 

J. Porter: Ibid., p. 55.

1827. Siliceous carbonate of manganese. Cummington.

At junction of mica-slate and talcose slate, 2 miles north of the meetinghouse in Cummington. Exposed in place, several feet wide, 15 to 20 rods 

long; black and gray oxide in abundance, and along with them there is a 

small vein of the siliceous carbonate also embedded in the black oxide; it 

was supposed to contain iron, and a forge was erected. The masses are 

found on the ground in the immediate vicinity of the vein and scattered 

clear across the toAvn, and also north in Plainfield.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 249.

(This must be the main opening at T. Williams's, which is 3£ miles 

northwest of Cummington, as a point 2 miles north of Cummington would 

not be near the junction of the schists.)

1835. Manganese spar. Cummington.

C. U. Shepard: Min., Part II, Vol. II, p. 24.

1841. Bisilicate of manganese. Plaiufield, 1 mile west of center.

"In beds of interstratified layers in talcose slate, rarely more than 2 to 3 

feet thick; several of them occur near one another at two principal places 

represented on the map. Their surface is black or dark gray, apparently 

the common pyrolusite. In the interior beautiful rose red. Recently 

analyzed by Dr. Thompson and found to be bisilicate of manganese. In 

stone walls a little northeast of the meetinghouse in Cummington in 

numerous large blocks, probably transported thither from the beds above 

described. In talcose slate."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 613.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 141

1849. Mangan amphibol. (Hermann.) Cummington. 

Hermann: Jour. Prac. Chein., Vol. XLVII, p. 7.

(The above name was based on an error and gave rise to the two following names.)

1853. Hermannit. (Kenngott.) Oummingtou.

A. Keungott: Min., p. 71.

1860. Cummingtonite. (Kaimnelsberg.) Cummington. 

C. Rammelsberg: Miu. Chem., p. 473.

1868. Rhodonite. Cummington.

J. D.Dana: Min., p. 235.

1875. Cummingtonite.

"Soil eine Manganhornblende sein."

C. Raramelsberg: Miu. Chein., 2d ed., Vol. II, p. 400.

1877. Hermannit. Cummington.

F. Zirkel (Nauman): Min., p. 606.

(The ancient error is still carefully preserved and Hermann's mangan 

amphibol cited.)

1885. Rhodonite. Warwick. Near Winchester and Hiusdale, N". H. 

Cummington, in bowlders.

G.F. Kuuz: Precious stones of the United States; Rep. Miu. Res. U. S. 

for 1883-84, p. 766.

1888. Rhodonite. Oummington.

"The rhodonite so well known as occurring as bowlders at Cunningham 

[sic], Mass., has recently been traced to the ledge, and we may now hope 

to see the rock used extensively for decorative and ornamental purposes, 

as at this locality it is one of the richest pink and flesh-colored minerals 

known."

G. F. Kunz: Precious stoues, in Min. Res. of the U. S. for 1887, p. 562.

1889. Hermannit. Cummington.

Groth: Tabell. Uebersicht d. Min., p. 134. 

A persistent error (see 1849, above).

1889. Rhodonite. Cummington.

Polished specimens of thin-cut stones and a vase were shown in Tiffany's 

exhibition of gems at the Exposition in Paris. 

G. F. Kunz: Private communication.

1890. Rhodonite. Cummington.

Announces the discovery of the ledge. " Fine masses weighing several 

hundred pounds have been blasted out, and an effort will be made during 

the coming year to introduce this as an ornamental stone."

G. F. Kunz: Gems and precious stones of the U. S.; Min. Res. of the 

U. S. for 1888, p. 582.

1891. Rhodonite. Cummimgton, Warwick.

"On Osgood's farm, 1 Massachusetts, and in the neighboring towns; in 

Warwick, Mass. The rhodonite of Cummington of the richest flesh and 

light-red color was found only in bowlders previous to 1887, when it was 

traced to the ledge by W. W. Chapman. Blocks were taken out weighing 

some hundreds of pounds each, of a rich pink and red color, and with large 

surfaces entirely free from streaks of black oxide, and in other places beautifully mottled; they were equal in quality and beauty to the Russian rho1 Cuuimingtou should probably be supplied here. 
142 A M1NERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1891. Rhodonite Continued.

donite, which is made into vases and also table tops and mantels. This 

material has been used very effectively in combination with unpolished 

or stone-finished silver as handles for very fine ornaments, the rose color 

streaked with black affording a pleasing contrast. Its hardness is only 

6.5, but it is nearly as tough as jade.

G. F. Kunz: Gems and precious stones of the U. S., pp. 151,152

1891. Rhodonite. Cum mi rig ton, Plainfield, Hawley.

I have given in the monograph on the geology of the region a full 

discussion of the long series of mauganesiau deposits situated on the fissure, extending from the old manganese mine near the south line of Plainfield, at T. Williams's, where it is exposed in great width, to the well-known 

mine of specular iron on Forge Hill, in Hawley, and have described the 

occurrence of rhodonite at many new points along this line. All the 

masses of the mineral found in Cummiugton are glacial bowlders from 

Plainfield, and the reputed discovery of the ledge in Curnmington has no 

basis in fact. A few large bowlders Avere uncovered in a trench at the old 

locality and were supposed to be the ledge.

1892. Rhodonite.

"Occurs in Cummington and some of the neighboring towns in bowlders; 

also in Warwick." 

E. S. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 380.

EHCETIZITE. 

See Cyanite, 1835.

BOTILE. 

1812. Oxide of titanium. Worthington.

Dark-red crystal longitudinally striated; the surface splendent and somewhat iridescent; embedded in white, semitransparent quartz, part granular 

and part compact, which occurs in beds of hornblende slate. From Dr. 

John F. Waterhouse.

A. Bruce: Brace's Min. Jour., Vol. I, p. 237.

1818. Red oxide of titanium. Leydeu, Shelburne.

At Leyden, on quartz and tremolite; brownish-red; sp.gr. 4.232; geniculated, sometimes several genicnlatioiis on a single specimen; in one, six.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 116.

1823. Red oxide of titanium. (Bruce.) Worthington.

."Leyden; in four- or eight-sided prisms, often handsomely geniculated, 

generally striated, in limpid quartz, tremolite, and hornblende. Some of 

the specimens have several geniculations and are as large as the thumb. 

Hundreds of good specimens have been collected at this.locality.

"At Colerain and Shelburne I found it penetrating a vein of quartz in 

mica slate in place. In Conway a few small crystals have been observed 

exhibiting the primitive form and presenting the kind of twin crystal 

described in Kees;s Cyclopedia, art. Entile. Maybe found anywhere on a 

strip several miles wide between Couway and Brattleboro, Vt."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Eiver; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 

236.

1824. Red oxide of titanium. Cummington.

Dr. J. Porter: Loc. Miu.; ibid./ Vol. VII, p. 58.
BMHBSOM.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 143 

1824. Ferruginous oxide of titanium. Chester (Emmons).

It has some resemblance to schorl, but is infusible; occurs in smallish, 

long, imperfect, nearly black prisms in granite; rare.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 58.

1824. Red oxide of titanium. Middlefield (Eramons).

Flat plates in quart/. 

Ibid., p. 59.

1824. Ferruginous oxide of titanium. Chester.

" I have discovered one large specimen of ferruginous oxide of titanium 

in granite, or, I ought to say, a mass of granite, containing 20 or 30 imperfect crystals."

E. Eininons: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VII, p. 255.

1825. Red oxide of titanium. Norwich, (now Huntington).

Near beryl locality in north of town. In large quartz veins in micaslate.

C. U. Shepard: Boat. Jonr. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 608.

1825. Red oxide of titanium.

Cummington, in mica-schist.. Plaiufield, well crystallized. ' 

,T. Porter: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 55.

1825. Red oxide of titanium. Cummington, Oonway, Goshen.

Stonewalls; quartz in mica-slate (C. U. Shepard). Leydcn, Worthington (Cleaveland), Middlefield, Shelbnrne.

1825. Ferruginous oxide of titanium.

Chester, with augite and actinolite; likewise in sienite, Goshen, in 

stone wall in mica-schist (Shepard) and quart/. 

Robinson's Cat., pp. 42, 51.

1827. Red oxide of titanium. Williamsbnrg.

In quart/, in mica-slate; crystals as large as a man's thumb nndhaud- 

. somt'ly genicnlatcd.

Goshen and Chesterfield; Conway and Whately; Avherever there are 

granite veins, or where quartz lies contiguous to mica-slate, and in nests of 

quartz in mica-slate.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 259.

1831. Red oxide of titanium. Cummington.

Fine crystal near soapstone quarry.

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. XX, p. 170.

1835. Red oTdde of titanium.

Leydeu, with zoisite. Shelburnc, Colerain, Conway, Williamsbnrg, 

Chesterfield, Middlefield, Whately, in sieuite. Windsor, in chlorite slate 

near the most eastern soapstone quarry, in.feldspar, or rather in graphic 

granite, which occupies scams in chlorito slate.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 340,462.

(The Whately mineral is allanito.)

1838. Titanium. Norwich.

Farm of Mr. Quartus Angell, in vein 3 feet wide, with galena and blende. 

E. Hitchcock: Econ. Geol., p. 127.
144 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 120. 

1841. Red oxide of titanium or rutile.

In mica slate; four to eight sided prisms, generally striated, sometimes 

geuiculated. With zoisite iii Leycien, abundant, sometimes penetrating 

quartz, sometimes is connected with hornblende. Shelburne, in distinct 

crystals alone. Colerain, Conway; in latter place one or two geniculated 

prisms more than an inch thick, also iu small, right square prisms; Williarasburg, Chesterfield, Middlefield.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 607.

1844. Rutile. (Rutihis quadratus.} Shelburne, Leyden. Conway. 

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 420.

1876. Rutilite. Pelham, Conway, Shelbarne, Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 7.

1883. Rutile. Westharapton, Chester.

In geniculate crystals an inch long; north part of Westhamptou, at residence of Mr. James Howard. In epidotic hornblende schist in Chester. 

E. E. Bancroft, class of 1883, Amherst College.

1884. Rutile. Pelham asbestos mine.

Occurs in beautiful, geniculate twins in cavities in tourmaline with 

apatite prisms and in disseminated red-brown grains and microscopic crystals in massive anorthite, 1£ cm. from contact with massive tourmaline.

1885. Rutile. Eowe.

In pyrite at J. M. Davis & Co.'s mine; steel-gray; good crystals.

A. G. Dana: Gahnite of Rowe; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIX, p. 456*

1885. Rutile. Chester emery mine.

The rntile follows coruudophyllite, generally in fine needles, hair brown, 

shining, striated; at times bent and twisted; generally grouped into sagenite-like bundles of striated needles; rarely twinned, but at times showing 

a most beautiful lace-work of needles crossing at 60° and 120°, which is set 

free by the solution of the calcite; at times shorter crystals occur, 10 by 15 

mm. across.

There are fine brown-red sagenite needles in a reticulate network at 60° 

and 120°, together with striated geniculate twins 10 by 15 mm. across, in 

the cabinet of the late Mr. Ames, of Chicopee.

SALT. 

1880. Chiastolite. Near Springfield, Mass.

My attention was called to these forms as problematical, possibly chiastolites, from near Springfield, by Professor Dana, with reference to Mr. B. 

Horsford, of Springfield, and Mr. J. S. Diller.

1888. Salt. West Springfield. (See PI. I, B, 0.)

In black Triassic shale in bottom of Westfield River, near bridge below 

the town. Skeleton cubes pseudomorph in calcite, appearing on surface 

of the black shale in white crosses, squares, and triangles one-half to threefourths of an inch across, which have been for years called chiastolite. 

They were determined by me from a study of thin sections, and were 

found to effervesce with acid.

Specimens received from Mr. J. S. Diller, and sections cut.

1889. Cavities from salt crystals in Triassic sandstone. Wilbraham.

Flattened, cubical hollows, with ends 1 by 4 mm. to 4 by 9 mm., in rusty 

sandstone from the base of the Trias, east of the academy and near contact 

on mica-schist.
EMERSON.] A MINEEALOGICAL LEXICON. 145

1890. Salt. Holyoke.

In drift near west end of Connecticut River Railroad Bridge. Found 

by Rev. J. Provost, of Springfield, Mass. Specimen now in the Smith 

College collections. (See A, PL I, from photograph.)

Forms larger and more delicate than at Westfield; largest cube 32 mm. 

The slender white lines, often with a black central suture, start from a 

point or from the corners of a small white square with black center. 

They are often symmetrically bordered by a feathery fringe of white, 

broadest at base and lessening outwardly, like frost flowers or the microlites in Arran pitchstone. That they are cross sections of skeleton cubes 

is made clear by sections of the same crystal at right angles to each other 

on the side and end of the block. The rock is a black shale, and the joint 

plane at one end is incrusted by coarse calcite with streaks of bitumen 

and rust.

1890. Salt. Holyoke.

The impressions of minute salt crystals, also occur on the very thin, 

laminated, and fine-grained sandstone cut through in carrying the water 

main east from Ashleys Pond, in Holyoke, in lines crossing each other 

at 90°; lines diverging at 60°, and small impressed squares with lines 

diverging from the four corners.

1892. Spinel. Near Springfield, Mass.

Octahedral crystals tesselated like chiastolito embedded iu slate. 

E.S. Dana: Sys.Min., p. 222.

1894. Octahedrite. West Springfield.

I have in time past had much correspondence with Mr. Horsford con- 

; cerning these forms. Ho considered them a new mineral, an eightfold 

dissectible crystal, each component having the shape of the octant of an 

octahedron, and he proposed the name octahedrite for the .form. He 

expressed the intention to publish his results as part of a larger work on 

geology, of which the manuscript was prepared and partly printed, but 

never published..

The following quaint letter explains more fully than I have done Mr. 

Hereford's opinion concerning his mineral, and will be of interest to many 

who remember his peculiar, Indian-like appearance and his crisp, impulsive speech.

The iirst lines and the allusion to Professor Shepard are interesting 

reminiscences of early studies of chiastolito, and refer to the dissected 

figure, which has for many years appeared in the different editions of 

Dana, and which has given rise to German citations of chiastolite from 

Springfield, Mass. As the author died two years ago, and his representatives do not object, and as his promised book will probably not be printed, 

I reproduce the letter, following religiously-the injunction of the author. 

The letter was accompanied by a small octahedron carefully cut in pine 

Avood, and Avith blackened corners to shoAv the three black plates mentioned beloAV:

"NORTH THETFORD, VT. (No date. Received about 1890.) 

"DEAR SIR: The chiastolite, a right square or rhombic prism, is composed, as you see, of five right square pyramids (black) and four triangular 

pyramids (white) fearfully elongated, all of massive structure and inseparable. My octahedrite, a regular octahedron, AA'hite, is bisected through 

its angles by three black plates, Avhich diagonally, at right angles, bisect 

each other. These plates are Avails of division; consequently the octahedron is composed of eight triangular pyramids, separable and of distinct 

laminated structure. You may Avonder that a New Englander, a Yankee 

Bull. 126 10
146 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1894. Octahedrite Continued.

Puritan thoroughbred, should carry a discovery like thia twenty years in 

his pocket with no effort at heraldry or one attempt to turn it into cash. 

But you will acquit me of weakness in that direction when I say I had 

possession of all the specimens discovered and all that would be discovered until there was another upheaval a contingency I could well risk. 

I am not able in a letter to say what I would, not knowing just what you 

desire. My researches for twenty years past are all embodied in a work 

in publication, and of which I send you the first chapter with the assurance I mean all I say and can sustain it. I could doubtless contribute 

somewhat to your report, but that could only be by extracts from my own 

book. I would .show you where the mica schist overlies the sandstone 

aud where basalt does the same'; where, in an opening in the sandstone, 

there was an irruption of fetid limestone with stalactites in all the curly 

crinkles of malachite, but of shades from brown to black. The elder 

Hitchcock, iu his first report on the geology of Massachusetts, described 

them as racliaria (petrified worms). His engrossing study of bird tracks 

at that time made the oversight pardonable. You will see at once the 

position in which I am placed. In my treatise the geology of New England is treated with a philosophic scrutiny it has not before seen, however 

much needed, holding as it does a more direct and unimpeachable testimony of the earth's early history than any field of equal extent on the 

globe.

"I acknowledge .1 am savage in treatment of the glacial theory,.but 

assuming less I had better kept silent. But if fact aud philosophy both 

sustain my position, as they certainly do in overwhelming multiplication, 

I could not say less or too much. I can show you three 100-ton bowlders 

of granite which have burst asunder in the past five years, one I had 

known half a century without seam or fracture in it. All burst in one 

direction, and at the same angle from perpendicular, and through the middle. Would not geologists attribute that work to Achajan time rather 

than the present? I have never found a specimen 100 feet from one spot 

(point). I have not been able to obtain a single specimen in the past live 

years. 1 have.a few crystals developed showing just what the model 

does. I have a few halves, quarters, and eighths of the octahedron, but 

consider them invaluable, as they can not bo duplicated. I have never 

sold or given a specimen to any person living. I did not discover for 

years that the pyramids were separable. You may think I hold this thing 

with grip of iron, but it is not so. Approaching my eightieth birthday, it 

is a fair hope that I have gathered a little wisdom or moiety of caution 

by the way. When I dissected the andalusite, at the solicitation of your 

late Professor Shepard, I sent description and illustration to the Natural 

History Society of Boston, but never received a Avord of reply.

"Two years ago, I think (this is allegory), a doctor came up to Springfield 

from Harvard to consider the case of a sickly infant, administering a dose 

of 'rehash of old hash' on the sandstone. Well, either from the prescription or the method of administration, the poor thing gave a gasp or two 

and 'passed away.' At the close of the lecture, however, we gathered 

about the speaker for a friendly chat. When the question of the crystals 

came up, it was thrown back in my face with ' It is beyond my comprehension; I do not wish to know or hear anything in regard to it/ with 

other exclamations I did not wait to hear (Shaler). These things have 

been often repeated in my long life of research, so that what I might contribute to the geology of New England, if given at all, must be with the 

assurance from the Secretary of the Interior that it shall be published in 

my own words and under my own signature exclusively.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 126 PL. I

CRYSTALS OF SALT AND HAMPSHIRITE.

A. Pseudorr.orph in calcite of skeleton crystals of salt

B. Central section of above salt pseudomorph.

C. Section of corner of same crystals, showing feathery outgrowth.

D. Hampshirite ; pseudomorph of serpentine after olivine.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOG1CAL LEXICON. 147

1894. Octahedrite Continued.

"The crystals are embedded in black shale just like cherries in a pudding. 

I have them in hundreds, which I should be happy to show you on my 

return to Springfield. .

" Do riot mistake me, I am willing to give all the assistance in my power; 

but as I am publishing it all in a work of nay own, I must not impair or 

imperil that. The survey on Avhich yon are engaged must take years of 

time. I should like to know more about it, as I am, and shall be while I 

live, actively engaged in geological research.

"I shall be here probably till September. 

" Yours, truly,

" .B. HOKSFOKD,

"North Thetford, 7t." 

The following appears as a separate marginal note:

FIG. 4. Section of salt pseudomorpfi.

" One side of the octahedron, the first discovered. The crossing lines of 

the triangle are mathematical (please demonstrate)."

1894. Salt pseudomorphs. West Springfield,

Through the kindness of a daughter of Mr. Horsford the finest specimens from his collection have been presented to the collection of Amherst 

College. They are smaller than those from Holyoke. One slab 7 inches 

square and finely ice-polished shows the forms in great beauty, and 

especially six-rayed stars from sections normal to the octahedral axes of 

the cube.

1894. Calcite pseudomorphs after salt in Triassic shale.

"A specimen of the fine black shale of Triassic age is covered with white 

lines arranged in triangles, crosses, and lines radiating from the corners 

of small squares. A feathery outgrowth at times borders these lines. 

The material is calcite, and the lines are tracings of the various chance 

cross-sections of skeleton cubes, about an inch in diameter, presumably of 

salt, replaced by calcite. The extreme delicacy of the forms, the feathery 

outgrowths, and the lack of broken specimens indicate that they were 

formed in place in the soft mud. They were, I think, discovered by Mr. 

B. Horsford, of Springfield, and were much studied by him. They have 

been called chiastolite, and are cited as spiuel in Dana's Manual, 1892. 

The specimen shown was a bowlder from Holyoke. Mr. Horsford's specimens were from West Springfield."

B. K. Emerson: Bull. Geql. Soc. Am., Vol. VI. p. 473.

SAPONITE. 

1882. Saponite. Deerfield.

Product of decomposition of natrolite. In many cases the natrolite has 

changed peculiarly into sapouite. At first the tips of the needles become 

opaque and crumbling, and this extends to .the whole group, and the 

whole sinks down, into small masses from milk-white to straw color, 

which are spread over the surface of the prehnite like a thick layer of
148 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1882. Saponite Continued.

dried cream, with abunclaut shrinkage cracks. The hardness is 1 or 

less. It gives up only a little iron with hydrochloric acid, and is quickly 

decomposed by hot sulphuric acid. A portion introduced into a drop of 

water falls asunder much like starch which it every way resembles with 

a series of slight explosions, which occur at first in rapid succession and 

continue, growing fainter and farther apart, for some little time until the 

whole is spread in a broad circle upon the glass. This process exposes 

minute glassy fragments of prehnite. The flakes after their dispersion 

present a peculiar appearance under the microscope. The first impression 

is strikingly that of a slide of nearly dried blood corpuscles of uniform 

size, 0.005 to 0.007 mm., the single disks being variously attached to each 

other. Separate groups of disks often simulate closely in shape the grub 

of the common May beetle. The scales polarize brightly in bluish tints 

and are indistinguishable from kaolin. In many cases a small mass of 

the mineral seems to have undergone this vermiculite-like reaction in the 

vein itself, and a delicate bloom is spread in a circle over the prehnite or 

epidote surrounding a minute hollow cup of the same white or strawcolored material. In one curious case a minute hollow cube, with a side 

broken in, has a tuft of natrolite needles perched in and around it, these 

latter having minute dodecahedra of fluor strung upon them, as described 

below. The whole is now transformed into or coated with the saponite, 

and a delicate bloom of the same coats the surrounding epidote.

B. K. Emerson: Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci.; 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 356.

SAPPARE.

See Oyanite.

SAPPHIEE. 

1876. Corundumite.

Pelham: Blue (sapphire) and gray.

Chester: Blue (sapphire) and brown; the latter mixed with magnetite 

(emery). 

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Aniherst, p. 6.

See Corundum.

SCHEELITE. 

1864. Tungsten. Chesterfield.

In albite near cassiterite.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XXXVII, p. 407.

1867. Scheelite. Chesterfield.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Arnherst, p. 2.

1868. Scheelite. Chesterfield.

The above cited.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 606.

(The specimen upon which the above determination was made was probably burned with the Shepard collection. Professor Julien does not mention the species in his exhaustive study of the Chesterfield locality.)

SCOLECITE. 

1882. Scolecite. Ward's quarry, Pelham.

ID Pelham gneiss in fissure with and on prehnite.

In radiated needles 60 mm. in length, single needles 3mm. in width; in 

twins P, ooP, ooP oo . Swells abundantly under the blowpipe; extinction 

14° from the long axis.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 149 

1887. Scolecite. Granby.

In the eighth volcanic core east of the Notch road in Granby. Veins 

of bluish agate contain very sharp casts of square prisms 2 by £ mm. in 

cross-section with flattened transversely striated ends exactly resembling 

scolecite.

SCAPOLITE.

See Bnstatite, 1835; Zoisite, 1824.

SEPIOLITE. 

1876. Sepiolite; varieties, meerschaum and hampshirin. Middiefield.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Miu. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3.

The termination "iue" was proposed in this pamphlet as a sort of limbo 

in which poor species might be reserved for adjudication, and "in" for 

varieties. This suggestion has been nowhere adopted. For hampshirite, 

see page 91. It is a compact serpentine and has no similarity to sepiolifce.

The specimens labeled "meerschaum" in the Shepard collection were 

weathered portions of the Middiefield serpentine bed, which had lost their 

color and become light and porous from the leaching out of a portion of 

the mass. 

The presence of true sepiolite has not been established.

SERPENTINE. 

1818. Serpentine. Lcyden.

Rolled masses.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. 1, p. 114.

1818. Serpentine rock. Southampton, Eussell.

At 723 feet from the entrance of the Southampton adit is a stratum of 

serpentine rock containing very red quartz embedded in various directions. 

It is very compact and mostly green; here it is but 3 feet thick. It is cornpared with the Westfield bed; at 670 feet there is beautiful green soapstone.

Also, near line of Westfield and Russell, 4 miles west of Westfield 

Academy. Very great breadth; in the granitic hill east of highest ridge 

of granite.

A. Eaton: Southampton adit; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 137.

1820. Serpentine. Middiefield.

Discovered by E. Emmons. Description given; associated minerals, 

quartz, steatite, actiuolite, talc, dolomite. 

C. Dewey: Ibid., Vol. II, p. 236.

1820. Serpentine. Westfield.

Four miles west of academy. "I discovered a very extensive bed of 

serpentine." 

A. Eaton: Index, p. 100.

1821. Serpentine. Eussell.

Specimens sent to Professor Silliman by Dr. William Atwater, and 

described by the former. Also from a mountain 15 or 20 miles from Westfield, a bluff large as East Rock (probably Middiefield).

Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. Ill, p. 238.
150 A M1NERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1823. Serpentine.

Westfield, in granite (Eaton). Middlefield, associated with steatite 

(Dewey). Pelhaiu, in a large, loose mass, penetrated by asbestos and associated with talc.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid'., A^ol. VI, p. 227.

1824. Asbestus (Amianthus).

In very strong and flexible fibers in steatite. Middlefield (Emmons). 

Ligniform, white and yellowish-white fibers, stiff and brittle, traversing 

serpentine in vein at Middlefield (Emmons). 

Compact in Middlefield with serpentine. 

C. Dewcy: Geol. Berkshire; Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. VIII, p. 47.

1824. Serpentine, Middlefield, Worthington, Plainfield.

Bed 2 miles long, 2 miles south of the meetinghouse in Middlefield; light 

and dark green. In neighboring brook white and cream colored; spotted, 

translucent, beautiful. Both precious and common. In Russell, a little 

east of south of above, large beds dark-green; has been polished for marble. In Middlefield, east of meetinghouse, connected with great bed of 

steatite; also Worthington and Plainfield.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII. p. 49.

1824. "Vert antique?"

A magnesian mineral found in a bed in gneiss on the river in Becket 

and colored greenish by serpentine. It may, as Dr. Emmons thinks, be a 

serpentine marble; tough, takes fine polish; effervesces, often yellowishwhite.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., p. 58.

(This is the Coles Brook pre-Cambrian chondrodite limestone, which is 

often partly altered to serpentine.)

1825. Serpentine. At the foot of the mountain west of Westfield. 

Emerson Davis: Min. Not.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 252.

3825. Pimelite. Middleiield.

At locality of crystallized steatite. (See Pimelite, p. 122.) 

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 609.

1825. Serpentine. Zoar, Worthington, Deerneld Eiver. 

Kobinsoii's Cat., p. 78.

1826. Serpentine.

On the mountain 5 miles west of Westfield Academy are two beds of 

serpentine, one not before mentioned; in mica-slate with limestone at 

south end of bed and in terstratified with serpentine at right angles, or 90°.

Serpentine intercalates and alternates with an unknown mineral resembling lime 1 inch in thickness; sometimes they are blended. Vein contains schorl and actinolite. A cross section of the bed is as follows: 

Green talc, serpentine, unknown mineral, serpentine, green talc. On the 

opposite side of the river, 1 mile north of this, another bed mentioned 

by Eaton in Index (Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 227, Hitchcock). 

In 'mica slate, not in granite. Black, greenish on thin edges, foliated, 

lamiutB with luster of hornblende; sp. gr. 2.6; powder attracted by 

magnet; proposes variety name "magnetic serpentine." A yellow-green, 

foliated mineral occurs in the serpentine probably sahlite. On the Westfield "River bank between these localities are bowlders of tons Aveight of 

talc with fragments of black serpentine containing 4-sided prisms, hairbrown anthophyllite ?

Emerson Davis: Rocks and minerals of Westfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st 

series, Vol. X, p. 213.
EMERSON.]. A MINERALOG1CAL LEXICON. 151 

1826. Serpentine Continued.

The first of these localities is Muuns Brook, and the unknown mineral 

is eustatite. The second locality is Atwater's quarry and the mineral 

bastite (marmolite). The third mineral is eustatitc.

1832. Serpentine.

Midcllefield, south part; one-fonrth mile in breadth, 2 miles long in north 

part, with steatite; precious and common. Blanclford, three beds. Westfield, west part, going into Russell, dark, with green talc; has been worked. 

Pelham, southwest part; dark, much talc. Zoar, southeast side Deerfield 

River, near turnpike.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 30.

1833. Serpentine. Zoar, Blandford, Middlefield.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 30.

1835. Serpentine. Zoar, Blandford, Middlefield (two localities).

Blandford, 4 miles northwest of the church on the northeast side of 

North Meadow Pond; discovered about 1834 by Mr. Simeon Shurtleif 

(Geol. Mass., p. 305); 30 rods in diameter; stratified; on west, horablendo 

schist; also4or 5 miles south, 40 rods east of soapstouoquarry (Osburu's); 

also bowlders of peculiar green serpentine with talc and schiller spar on 

east line of town. Westfield, in mica-slate, 4 rods Avide, black with talc, 

scapolite (?), massive garnet, amphibole, and calcite. Russell, apparently 

in continuation of above, on north bank of Westfield River, black and 

green with deweylite. Pelham, with talc and asbestos iu gneiss. Shutesbury, black, mostly steatite. New Salem, steatite passes into black 

serpentine in gneiss.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., pp. 30, 367 ff.

1841. Serpentine.

Nearly all above localities cited, especially page 614 a compact topographical rdsume'. Middlefield and Becket, in cuttings on railroad; a 

delicate variety mixed with the limestone. .

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., Final Report, pp. 159,567,610,614.

1841. Amianthus. Eussell, in serpentine.

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.,p.618.

1844. Serpentine. Westfield, Eussell, Blandford, Chester, Middlefield, Charlemont, Zoar.

E. Hitchcock: Ex. Geol. Map, p. 12.

1844. Serpentine (Ophitis communis). Blandford, Middlefield, Westfield.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 309.

1876. Serpentite. Chester and Middlefield.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3.

1876. Picroline. Middlefield; Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 3.

1882. Serpentine. Eussell.

Black serpentine with bastite. Analysis by Prof. C. U. Shepard. Sp. 

gr. 2.60; H. 5. 

8i03 ....... .......................................... 44.16

MgO ............................................... 37.44

FeO ................................................ 7.05

H2 0 .......................................:........ 11.00

99.65
152 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1892. Picrolite. Chester.

Beautiful deep leek-green; fibrous, the libers not easily separating; on 

alteration becoming colorless, and developing a pearly luster and a micaceous or talcky cleavage, and at the surface changed into a fine toughfibered serpentine asbestos. Exposed in a bed several feet across in the 

railroad cutting at the first bridge north of the Chester station. This is 

widely separated from the large Chester-Middleiield band.

1893. Serpentine.

The series of great serpentine beds which extends across the State from 

Eowe to Grauville is of more lithological than mineralogical interest, and 

is treated at length in the monograph on the geology of the area. A 

detailed microscopical study failed to detect any trace of oliviue or of 

olivine structure in any of the beds except the eastern Osboru bed.

The eastern line of beds, from Muuus Brook in Granville to Osborn's 

quarry in Blandford, is derived from coarse enstatite rock. The lower 

bed at Osborn's quarry ia from a coarse pyroxene rock. The long line 

of beds from Blandford north to Rowe are derived from hornblendeschist, and where the road from Chester to Middle field crosses the bed one 

sees the most perfect pseudomorph of serpentine after hornblende-schist 

imaginable, every detail of structure of the hornblende schist south of the 

river being repeated on the surface of the vertical Avails of serpentine, 

while on breaking into the mass only the black massive serpentine appears, 

without a trace of schistose structure. After a long and careful search 

had failed to find any trace of oliviue in these serpentines) I was surprised 

to find in the so-called serpentine pseudomorphs after quartz from the 

Middlefield bed pseudomorphs after olivine of large size and great beauty. 

I have therefore given the history of these forms separately under the 

name hampshirite (q. v.), although the material is not proved to be a 

distinct species.

East of the river all the serpentines in Pelhain and Shutesbury are 

derived from olivine.

1894. Serpentine pseudomorphs after olivine (formerly called quartz 

pseudomorplis). Middlefield.

A specimen, presumably unique, was shown, having several large attached 

crystals more than an inch long, showing the common forms of oliviue now 

changed into a pale yellow serpentine, closely resembling tllO Snarum 

forms. The crystals have long been cited as quartz pseudomorphs from 

Middlefield, but the locality has been lost for many years. This specimen 

is from the collection of Mr. James Clark, formerly of Brooklyn, and now 

belongs to Smith College. Its label states that the locality was on the 

brook which crosses the great serpentine bed in Middlefield, and that it 

was purposely covered up by someone many years ago. 

B. K. Emerson: Bull. Am. Geol. Soc.; Vol. VI, p. 473.
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 153

1895. Serpentine.

Analyses of serpentines.

[Nos. 1-5 by Mr. George Steiger, in the laboratory of tbe Survey; No. 6 by Miss 

H. P. Cook, instructor in chemistry in Smith College.]

SiO., .........................

TiOg. ......... ...............

A\,03 ...... ..................

TOtQa. .......................

FeO .........................

FeS*..-.- ....................

CrA------------------------

NiO..........................

CoO ......................... 

MnO. ........................

CaO. .........................

BaO .........................

MgO. ........................

KS 0 .........................

Na20..--. ....................

HS0 + 100...... ..............

so,............... ........

P

f\

CO..,.. ........................

1.

07 QO

Trice

.61

7.92

1 1 K

.19

.45

.05

37.94

^Trace.

.75

12.50

99.88

2.

40.42

i ftfi

2.75

.43

.28

.53

Trace.

.66

35.95

.21

10.51

1.44

99. 31

3.

36.94

Trice

.50

6.04

1.94

.33

.40

None.

38.33

.71

12.07

.20

1.85

99.31

4.

39.14

T 1Q

3.14

33

.47

Trace.

41 4 r>

.34

9.48

.02

100. 01

5.

.77

2.81

4.25

.38

I .33

.04

38.57

.38

7.00

.20

10.82

99.42

6.

40.27

£5.74

40.00

.69

13.61

100. 31

No. 1. Enstatite changed to serpentine. Grauville. H. Cooley's.

No. 2. Kick dark-green serpentine. Kowe. Quarry near R. King.

No-3. Black serpentine containing inaniiolite (bastite). Enssell. Atwater's quarry.

No. 4. Black-green serpentine, weathering to pale nickel-green with much chromite. 

North Blandford, from "The Crater."

No. 5. Gray splintery serpentine enveloped in talc. Chester. From the east wall of 

the old mine.

No. 6. Straw-yellow fibrous serpentine, glazed, enveloping olivine pseudomorphs. 

Middlefleld. From the specimen figured; Plate I.

SILL1MAN1TE. 

1876. Fibrolite. Northfield, Sillimamn, Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amhcrst College, p. 6. 

(The Northfield specimens are in bowlders from New Hampshire.)

1878. Sillimanite. Palmer.

Prisms not well formed, but standing out from their marked cleavage. 

Groth: Min. Sammluug, Strasburg.

The specimen was doubtless from a bowlder from the range of fibrolite 

rock in'the granite in Belchertown.

1881. Fibrolite. Ainherst.

In the feldspathic mica-schist along the west of the ridge on which the 

village is built from the college grove to the Agricultural College; the 

rock is spangled in cleavage faces with large (one-half inch) equidistant 

blotches of shining white muscovite, shot through with blades of flbrolite. 

This changes with the rest of the rock into an amber-colored, soft 

agalmatolite (?).

1883. Sillimanite. Belchertown, Enfield.

In the east portion of Belchertowu, at house of Mr. J. dough, commences a great mass of sillimanite gneiss, forming an inclusion in the tonalite. Crystals, square prisms up to 1 inch long. i

1885. Sillimanite. East Brimfleld. Near house of William Lombard.

The coarsest specimens found in fissures in calcareous pyroxenite, 45 mm. 

long, 5 mm. wide.
154 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1891. Fibrolite. Warwick, south of Harris's soapstone quarry.

In pure white straight fibrous masses of great beauty and large size, 

resembling pycnite. It occurs in coarse granite on the border of fibrolite 

schist, and seems, as is often the case, to have been dissolved out of the 

country rock and concentrated by recrystallization in the pegmatite in 

purer form. It is the characteristic mineral of the Brimfield schist, which 

occupies the eastern portion of our area and extends over a large part 

of Worcester County. .

SIDEKITE. 

1835. Lenticular carbonate of iron. South Island, Turners Falls.

For several rods around copper vein, numerous crystals. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 226.

1858. Chalybite. Turners Falls, South Hadley Falls.

E. Hitchcock: Catalogue of State collection; Nos. 111,112, 6th Eeport 

State Board of Agri.; p. xx.

(The piece from Turners Falls shows a surface of Triassic sandstone, 

incrusted with fine, large rhombohedra £ R, now changed to limonite. 

In the specimen from South Hadley Falls fissures in red Triassic sandstone 

are incrusted with shining red crystals, shot through by long needles of 

a white mineral, which has now almost wholly disappeared. The specimens are in the survey collection of Massachusetts, made by President 

Hitchcock, and deposited in the Amherst College Museum.)

1859. Spathic iron. G-oshen.

With zoisite and specular iron in mica-slate.

E. Hitchcock: Final Cat. State Col. No. 17, Mass. Agr. Rep., App., p. xl.

See Ankerite.

SILVEE.

1810. Silver.

Louclville, 12£ ounces to the ton.

B. Silliman: Bruce's Jour., Vol. I, p. 69.

1841. Silver. Southampton.

A chapter on " Misguided efforts in search of gold and silver." 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 206.

SPHALERITE. 

1810. Blende. Loudvitle, Southampton.

Crystals on quartz.

B. Silliman: Bruce's Jour., Vol. I, p. 68.

1823. Sulphuret of zinc.

Loudville, foliated and crystallized.. Leverett, foliated. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 235.

1827. Blende. Hatfield and Leverett.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 258.

1835. Blende. West Springfield.

In fetid limestone in Paiue's quarry and Meacham's quarry; rare. 

(Triassic.) 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 230.
EMERSON!] A MINEBALOGICAL LEXICON. 155

1838. Blende. Eussell, Norwich.

Russell, farm of John G'oultl. Norwich, farm of Quarfcus Arigell. (In 

quartz veins in Conway schist.) 

E. Hitchcock: Ecou. Geol., p. 127.

1841. Blende. Northampton, Norwich (now Hiintington).

The principal ore in vein in Northampton 1 mile northeast of the Londvillevein. (Both.baryta-lead veins in granite.) In Norwich 1 mile northeast of the meetinghouse; opened by Quartus Angell; elegant quartz.

E. Hitchcock: Geol, Mass., p. 204.

1844. Zinc. Northampton, Norwich.

E.Hitchcock: Explanation of Geol. Map, p.22.

1859. Blende in quartz. Norwich, Holyoke.

Large mass in State collection in Amherst College; from Aiigell's 

mine. Cat. No. 200, p. xix.

Fine, transparent cleavage pieces in fissures in clayey limestone. (Trias.) 

Holyoke. Cat.No. 107, p.xlix. Ibid.

Rep. Agri. of Mass, for 1858, App. Ixix.

1882. Sphalerite.

Rarely in red-brown grains 5 to 6 mm. long, fresh looking and of high 

luster in the interior, but generally surrounded by a bright-red rust layer. 

In prehnite, epidote, and calcitej and in the light-gray diabase, filling 

cavities lined with diabautite, with curious many-faceted globules.

B. K. Emerson: TheDeerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 350.

1833. Sphalerite. Leverett. East mine.

In fine transparent olive-green, complexly twinned crystals nearly an 

inch across. Found by Mr. E. J. Whitaker, of the class of 1883, Arnherst 

College, and deposited in the college cabinet. From baryta-lead Areins in 

granite.

1891. Sphalerite. Hatfleld.

Occurs rarely in fine druses of black crystals, in part transparent, and 

then oil-green; complex twins, mainly oc 0 and 0. The blende and the 

barite together coat the walls of the veins, and quartz follows. From 

baryta-lead veins in tonalite.

1894. Sphalerite. Sunderland.

Large transparent wine-yellow pieces in fetid concretionary limestone at 

the fossil fish locality in black Triassic sandstone at Whitmore's Ferry.

SPINEL. 

1892. Spinel. "Near Springfield, Mass."

"Octahedral crystals tesselated like chiastolite," embedded in slate. 

E. S. Dana: Sys.Min.,p. 222.

These are skeleton crystals of salt, now pseudomorph by replacement 

in calcite, and occur in the black Triassic shale at West Springfield. 

' (See Salt.)

SPODUMENE. 

1823. Augite.

Goshen, in granite. Flattened, greenish-gray prisms, sometimes 8 inches 

long and 2 inches wide, 1 mile north of meetinghouse on Ashfield road. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series,Vol.VI, p. 225.
156 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON: [BULL. 126. 

1824. Spodumene. Vicinity of Conway.

Partially analyzed, light-green color.

George T. Bowen: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia; also Ain. Jour. 

Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, r- 120.

1824. White augite. Goshen.

At the celebrated locality of indicolite. 

J. Porter: Loc. Min., p.233.

1824. Spodumene? Chester.

In small quantity in granite.

" By the action of the blowpipe it is first converted into scales or plates, 

which then melt into a glass; brittle, scratches glass, yellowish or pale 

green."

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Supp. Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. 

VIII, p. 243.

1825. Spodumene. Goshen.

"The mineral already described (Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, p. 

225, Vol. VII, p. 30) as white augite turns out to be Spodumene. It exists 

in various parts of Goshen, especially the northern part. Not as yet 

noticed in place, but the granite bowlders are so massed that they certainly are the upper portion of a great bed beneath."

E. Hitchcock: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. IX, p. 20.

1825. Spodumene. Goshen.

" The white augite mentioned in American Journal of Science (1st series, 

Vol. VIII, p. 233) is I believe, Spodumene. Correction." 

J. Porter: Min. Not.; ibid.,p. 55.

1825. Spodumene. Goshen.

"At the celebrated tourmaline locality and several other places."

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 607. 

1828. Spodumene. Norwich (Huntington).

"Was conducted to hill near the north line of Norwich, where I found 

Spodumene in large laminated masses."

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. ScL, Vol. XIV,p.220. 

1831. Spodumene. Chesterfield.

In coarse granite with beryl near celebrated tourmaline locality. Crystals large, often apple-green.

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. XX, p. 170.

1841. Spodumene.

Goshen, most abundant; 2 miles north of village on the Ashlield road; 

3 miles northeast on the Plainfield road. Chesterfield, Norwich, Chester; 

prisms from Chesterfield 21 inches long, though broken at both ends (Dr. 

Dwight, Cummington); white or gray; small specimens delicate green or 

.light rose.

E. Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., p. 701.

1844. Spodumene. (Petalus triphanus.) Goshen, Chesterfield,Chester.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 360.

1850. Spodumene. Norwich.

Analysis. I. 11.

SiOa ........................................ 63.06 62.72

A12 03 ....................................... 28.00 28.85

CaO ........................................ .95 1.13

LiO ............................ ............ 5.67 5.67

NaO ........................................ 2.51 2,51

100.19 100.88 

G. J. Brush: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. X, p. 370.
EMEKBON.'J A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 157

1850. Spodumene. Norwich.

A crystal belonging to Mr. Charles Hartwell was noticed by him at the 

meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1849. 

On examination Professor Dana finds that the mineral is monoclinic and 

isomorphic with pyroxene. The crystal is described and figured and measurements are given, and the formula given is 0 P, oo P, oo P 00,00 Poo, 

oo P' oo, P, 2 P, 2 P' oo, 3 P 3 (f), m P u; another crystal has the faces 0 P, 

3 P 3, m P n wanting; gives strong lithia reaction. Formula E3,Si2 03+ 

4Al2 03Si2O3 (Kobell).

.NOTE. The spodumeue of. Conway in the same range was tested for 

lithia successfully in 1824 by G. T. Bowen.

J.D.Dana: Ibid., p. 119.

1853. Spodumene. Norwich. 

Reanalyzed as follows:

Si03 .......................

AljO....... ....... .........

FeA- .....................

CaO. ...... .................

Mgo...... ......... ........

Li20.. .....................

Na20 ......................

K20 .......................

No. 1.

27.84?

full

.34

5.20

.66?

.16£

.50

99. 38

No. 2.

.31

Tric6

5.05

. 06

.50

99.30

No. 3.

28.70

.26

4.99

. OU

.00

99. 25

1865.

1866.

1876.

1876.

1878.

1879.

Smith and Brush: Ibid., Vol. XVI, p. 371.

Spodumene. Hiintiiigton.

Mr. F. R. Alien of the class of '65, Amherst, found a large bowlder of 

Hpodurnene granite at the west foot of Walnut Hill, with many crystals 

of a type unusual for the region. Small square prisms very fresh and well 

terminated. The specimens have been presented to Amherst College.

Spodumene. Winchester, N. H.

Just over the line. Continuation of Gosheu formation, on land of Mr. 

Brown, under barn and in brook-bed near bridge; cleavable masses; most 

northern location of the species.

C. U. Shepard: Ibid., Vol.XLII, p.248.

(The term "Gosheu formation" refers to the albitic tourmaline granites 

of Gosh en.)

Spodumene. Goshen.

North of Lily Pond in the north of Goshen is a heavy bluff of biotite 

granite, and a few rods north is a large bedded dike of muscovite granite. 

In this,! found, in 1876, pseudomorphs of muscovite after spodumene 2 

inches broad by 6 inches long, and recognized them then as such.

Spodumenite. . Goshen, Huutington (formerly Norwich).

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst, p. 5.

Spodumene. Norwich.

Analysis affording formula: Lin,Alj,Si4,Oio.

C. Doelter: Ueber Spodumene uud Petalite; Min. Mit., Vol. I, p. 517.

Spodumene. Goshen, Chesterfield, Huntiugton.

Goshen, Manning farm. Imperfect bladed crystals up to 2 inches across 

in coarse aggregate of albite, indicolite, and garnet.
A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BOLL. 126..

1879. Spodmene Continued.

Barras farui. Rectangular crystals up to 18 inches long,-often changed . 

to cymatolite. The well-known tourmaline locality, Chesterfield.

A. Macomber farm; northwest corner of town, 2 miles southeast of village of East Cummington; first opened by Professor Julien iu 1870. 

Clark ledge, the Avell-kuown locality of colored tourmalines, contains no 

spodumeue.

AVest Chesterfield Hollow. Isinglass rock; crystals up to 35 inches long, 

10 to 11 inches across, changed to cyniatolite, albitic granite, quartz. 

Vein worked three summers by Professor Julieu. Four inil/js farther 

south in Huutiugton (formerly Norwich), on Walnut Hill; the vein which 

has furnished the finest crystals up to 16 inches long. Chester, 1 mile 

north of village; opened by Emmons.

Manning farm. Coarse aggregate of albite, indicolite, garuetj and 

spodumene; where crowded and imperfect grains indicate a more rapid 

crystallization than in the other localities. .

Barras farm. Main vein orthoclase; granite with beryl; central band 

or secondary vein of cleavelandite and gray-white quartz with spodumeue 

and tourmaline, beryl green and white, garnet, muscovite, columbite, cassiterite apparently a later deposition of quartz.

Macomber farm. First vein the same; in secondary, 1st, quartz, muscovite, granular albite, tourmaline, spodumene; 2d,cleavelandite, quartz, 

magnetite, garnet, zircon; 3d, smoky quartz, green and black tourmaline. 

The larger crystals penetrate, through all the formations.

Clark's. Same, no spodumeue; 1st, albitic granite, little quartz and 

muscovite, black tourmaline and garnet; 2d, cleavelandite, black, green, 

arid brown tourmaline, microcliu, columbite, cassiterite, zircon, cookeite, 

lepidolite; 3d, center, smoky quartz.

Chesterfield Hollow. Granite, no beryl, little mica; 1st, orthoclase, huge 

crystals, 6 to 10 inches; green and white quartz; 2d, albitic granite, green 

muscovite, spodumeue, green, white, aud black, 10 to 25 pounds; quartz, 

columbite, masses one-half pound in weight, zircon, rich in uranium; 3d, 

quartz and cleavelandite; 4th, magnetite, quartz, zircon, spodumeue, yellowish, white, and black; 5th, smoky quartz, green spodumene, green and 

black muscovite, 2 to 3 inches; columbite, zircon.

Walnut Hill. First, muscovite, granite; 2cl, albitic orthoclase, black

tourmaline, muscovite, garnet, magnetic quartz; 3d, cleayelaudite, with 

quartz, spodumene, tourmaline, tripolite, cyrtolite, quartz, apatite, muscovite, green, white, and black; 4th, spodumene, muscovite, granite, biotite, 

magnetite, cyrtolite.

A. A. Julien: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, Vol. I, pp. 316, 350.

(The article contains careful analyses and a full discussion of them, 

establishing independently of Doelter the same formula. The paragenesis 

of the mineral and its alterations into killinite, cymatolite. vein granite, 

and quartz, are fully described (see p. 115), making this the most valuable 

article that has been published upon the granitic veins which carry rare 

minerals in our western hills.)

1885. Spodumene. Huntington. .

The old locality on Norwich Hill was opened for me in the summer of 

1884 by Mr. Frank L. Nason, at a point a little north from the old opening. 

Very large crystals, the largest 29 by 7^ by 3| inches, were found, rarely 

well terminated, and of a clear gray color without the slight flesh color 

of some of the older crystals. They were covered with dendrites. Several 

line twins, twinned parallel to op P oo ? were found. The great crystals are
EMERSON, j A MINEKALOGICAL LEXICON. 159

1885. Spodmene Continued.

often crushed, the parts much slipped on each other, being sheared many 

times by a force acting about at right angles to the vertical axis, and then 

recemented; slipping often 2 to 10 mm. They are also often bent, one 

16 by 4^ by 2 inches is bent 45° without breaking. Another, the largest 

obtained, is broken or thus bent more than 40 times, the breaks often 

changing into flexures, and the whole is firmly recemented. (See iig. 5.)

FIG. 5. Bout and faulted crystals of spodumene from "Walnut Hill, Huntington, X J. The lower crystal has been faulted several times and recemented in the ledge. The upper one has several small 

monoclinal folds.

1889. Spodumene. Goshen.

Mr. Alvan Barras has been excavating the spodumene in very large 

quantities a mile northeast of his house, opposite the Bawmill at J. B. 

Taylor's, and New York capitalists have done some blasting at the Manning 

locality about a mile farther east. Samples have been sent to Paris to 

see if lithium could be profitably obtained from it.

1890. Spodumene. Chesterfield.

The best crystal of spodumene from Chesterfield I presume from West 

Chesterfield Hollow is in the collection of Columbia College, collected 

by Mr. A. A. Julieu. It is a terminated crystal about 35 by 12 mm. in crosssection.

1890. Spodumene. Huntington.

Dr. E. Hitchcock sold the finest crystal ever obtained from Norwich Hill 

for $50 to W. J. Kuowlton, of Boston. I can not discover its present owner.
160 A MINEEALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126. 

1894. Spodumene. Chester, Huntingdon, Goshen.

In a quartz vein in mica-schist implanted in albite.

C. Hinze: Handb. Min., p. 1121.

(All the occurrences of spodumene are in coarse pegmatite veins in micaschist. Within these pegmatite veins the minerals containing rare ele- 

.meuts are found in secondary veins of.albitic granite, which often have 

a zonal arrangement with a center of smoky quartz, into which the large 

spodumenes sometimes project, and are then terminated.

These pegmatite veins form an outer fringe of dikes around the great 

central stock of granite.)

STAUROLITE.

1819. Staurotide. Northfield.

In mica-slate 1 mile east of village, on Boston turnpike; six-sided prisms; 

also garnets.

E. Hitchcock: Sup. Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p.436.

1823. Staurotide.

Everywhere across the'State in the eastern range of mica-slate. North 

Wilbraham, Ludlow, Shutesbury, Leverett, Northfield.

In abundance in the western range of mica-slate in Chesterfield, Cummington, Plainfielcl, Hawley. In Chesterfield a mica-slate band 2 or 3 

feet thick contains seven or eight distinct layers.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Eiver; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 219.

(I doubt the occurrence of the mineral in any of the eastern range of 

towns, except Northfield.)

1824. Staurotide. Norwich. .

Abundant in mica-slate.

E. Emmons: Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 254.

1824. Staurotide. Very common in towns about Middlefield (Emmons). 

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 40.

1841. Staurotide. In mica-slate in Norwich, Chesterfield, Goshen, 

Hawley, and Heath.

E, Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 593.

1844. Staurotide. (Carbunculus decussatus.) Chesterfield. 

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 385.

1861. Staurolith. Chesterfield.

Large black and brownish-black crystals, accompanied by light and dark 

mica and albite. Sp. gr. 3.772. 

SiO^.^.............................................. 28.86

AlsOs............................................... 49.19

.FeaOs............................................... 3.20

FeO................................................ 13.32

MnO................................................ 1.28

MgO......................°.......................... 2.24

H20................................................ .43

98.52 

C. Eammelsberg: Pogg. Ann., Vol. CXIII, p. 599.
BMKK80N.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 161

1877. Staurolite.

Blandford, east of Blairs Pond, in feldspathic mica-schist. The best 

cabinet specimens occur here in both forms of twinning. The mineral is 

confined to the Goshen and Conway schists and to the Devonian micaschists of the Bernardston series in their more eastern and northern extension, especially around South Veruon.

1885. Staurolite. Whately.

Exquisite microscopical twins occur, forming with Muscovite pseudomorphs after chiastolite in the argillite at contact with the toualite.

1894. Staurolite.

The analysis of 1861, cited above, is quoted as "augeblich aus Massachusetts (Chesterfield?)." 

C. Rainiuelsberg: Neues Jahrbuch; Beilage-Baud IX, p. 480.

STIBNITE. 

1823. Sulphuret of antimony. Near South Hadley (Gibbs).

E. Hitchcock: G'eol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 236.

1825. Sulphuret of antimony.

Cleaveland's Min., p. 688.

1825. Sulphuret of antimony.

Robinson's Cat., p. 70. 

(A doubtful occurrence.)

STILBITE. 

1818. Stilbite. Deerfield.

Not abundant; associated with chabasite; crystals small, well defined. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1823. Stilbite. Deerfield.

Crystals appear to be right prisms, whose bases are rhombs, with angles 

nbout 60° and 120°; rarely exceed one-tenth inch. Often grouped in 

foliated masses.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 224.

1824. Stilbite. Chester.

With chabasie in single, oblique, four-sided prisms with rhoinboidal terminations, and grouped sometimes in bundles and globular masses and 

radiating from a center. Called zeolite by Professor Dewey, but does not 

gelatinize with acids. In fissures of veins in mica-slate about 1 mile east 

of'meetinghouse in Chester.

E. Emmons: Loc. Miu.; ibid, Vol. VII, p. 254.

1835. Stilbite? Goshen.

No. 1529 in State collection; a zeolite (?) on granite from Gosheu. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 507.

.1841. Zeolite(?). Belchertown (Three Rivers).

In gneiss Avith prehnite.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 639.

(Should be Palmer.)

1844. Stilbite. (Zeolus Juscicularifi.) -Chester.

J.D.Dana: Sys.Min., p. 328.

Bull. 126 11
162 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1859. Stilbite. Gosken.

White iibrous, radiated cm drusy quart/ in fissure of tine-grained gneiss. 

Cat. Mass. Col., No. 159; Rep. on Agri. of Mass., for 1858, Appendix, p. 

Ixviii.

1882. Stilbite. Chester.

On dark-gray tine-grained fresh gneiss; stout, square prisms, oo P oo, 

00 P 06, 0 P with fluted sides and slightly rounded end; wine yellow; the 

single prisms graduate into openly radiated bundles with deep red-brown 

chabasite, the two growing together so as to show them to have been 

formed at the same time. Also twinned tubes and cubo-octahedrous of 

pyrite, the latter newer and one-eighth of an inch long. The line specimen from which these notes were taken was destroyed in the burning 

of the Shepard collection. It came probably from the locality cited above 

by Emmons.

1882. Stilbite. Deerfield.

This occurs generally in separate narrow fissures with comparatively 

fresh walls, associated only with henlandite, chabazite, calcite, pyrite, 

and diabantite, but it is found sometimes resting on prehnite. It appears 

(a) in circular forms with radiated structure 10 to 20 mm. in diameter, and 

up to 2 mm. thick, either spread separately or aggregated so thickly as to 

cover the whole surface, or in small hemispheres; Farther south, opposite 

Deertield, fine globular forms as large as a marble rest upon the gashed 

quartz, andsecondly(Z») in small stout scopiform crystals, ooP oo, oo Poo,OP, 

of dull yellow color. The first form occurs associated with calcite, and 

rarely chabazite | the second with heulandite and chabazite, and I examined a flat surface of the trap, 4 feet square, one-half of which was covered with radiated stilbite, at first thickly covering the surface, then 

separating into distinct disks, and then quite suddenly replaced along a 

straight line by heulandite Avith which was associated chabazite, and 

rarely the small prismatic crystals of stilbite. A third form of stilbite 

(c) is in interlaced crystals 4 mm. long, perfectly pellucid, with even, 

highly polished faces oo P 00,00 Poo,OP. Under the microscope therniueral 

shows a fine rigid lining parallel to OP, which seems to mark lines of 

growth, and has no effect upon the polarization. At right angles to this 

run (1) long lines of flat water cavities, often negative .forms in whole or 

part, or such forms many times repeated and indicating quite rapid crystallization, and (2) sharply marked lines of multiple twinning, the whole 

crystal being made of fine plates which increase in number from below 

upward, new plates being intercalated and old ones obliterated, as in a 

compound coral. The new plates sometimes appear as points and increase 

upward with curved faces, and sometimes the old crystal develops a 

P-face upon which the new one is based.

Products of the decomposition of stilbite. Kaolin (?).- Many broad surfaces of the trap are covered with snow-white stellate patches of stilbite, 

which show all stages of the decomposition of the mineral into kaolin (?). 

In specimens already become snow-white and opaque, the kaolin can be 

seen under the microscope in minute rounded scales and aggregations of 

these into beaded lines, which are crowded in between the lamina) of the 

stilbite, the latter showing no signs of change, but remaining limpid and 

polarizing apparently as vividly as in the freshest specimen. In other 

pieces where the change is nearly complete, the mass shows only aggregate 

polarization, and only traces of the stilbite remain.

B. K. Emerson* The Deerfield dyke; Am, Jour. Sci.; 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p.357r
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 163

1886. Stilbite. Monsoii.

From the north end of the Flynt quarry in gneiss. Incrnsting broad 

surfaces with colorless radiated needles and small crystals; also in broad, 

laminated, flesh-colored mass filling a vein in the northwest of the quarry. 

Small colorless-bladed crystals in reticulated groups on chabaxite.

1891, Stilbite. Orange, Bucklaud.

Orange: In broad flesh-colored radiations Avith prehnite on surfaces of 

Monson gneiss in the cutting east of the station. Bucklaud: In assures iu 

gneiss in the quarry on the railroad near Shelburue Falls, with chabasite, 

uatrolite, epidote, and babingtonite.

STOLZITE. 

1866. Scheeletine. Manhau lead mine, Southamptoii.

, " This mineral was handed me for determination by Mr. Clark, of Northampton. He found the few unknown crystals occupying together a cellu- 

, . lar quartz gangue, nearly one-half inch long and three-eighths of an inch 

in diameter; right square prisms, imperfectly terminated by acute hernihedral pyramids; the faces are not altogether plane, presenting a dissected 

or unfinished appearance. Color pale, wax yellow, passing into gray. 

The inner portions are grayish black, with shade of blue with subnietallic 

luster; otherwise the luster is adamantine. Before the blowpipe it decrep- 

' itates slightly, melts easily, yielding lead and dark-gray globules with 

^ borax yellow Avhile hot gray and opaque on cooling; with salt of phosphorus yellow while hot, colorless on cooling, with excess greenish-yellow 

while hot, opaque to grayish when cold; with NOv, dissolves with yellow 

residue, which gives with metallic zinc the reaction for wolfraniium.

, "As scheelite and cassiterite occur in Chesterfield, we may well be 

; encouraged to persevere in efforts to find tin in workable quantity not far 

distant."

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLI, p. 215.

1885. Stolzite.

The specimen upon which Professor Shepard made his observations was 

burned Avith his collection. The remaining specimens have passed Avith 

the Clark collection into the possession of Smith College, Northampton, 

and have the original label of Mr. Clark, with the note that it is the same 

that \vas submitted to Professor Shepard, and determined by him to be 

scheeletine. The best specimen contains several groups of small crystals, 

3* by li nun. iu cross-section, black, with metallic luster and peacock

QO P2 

tarnish, Avhich have smooth shining faces w i th the form P (111), « (120).

The prism has striation parallel to the intersection with the pyramid and 

the form agrees exactly iu proportion of parts Avith the crystals from Ziiinwald (Naumann, Pogg. Ann., "Vol. XXXIV, p. 373, pis. 3, 8; Quenstedt, Min.,

| p. 499, fig. 3).

The largest crystals are formed by the partial coalescence of several of

/ these long square prisms, resulting in stout square prisms Avith deep longitudinal grooves on the prismatic faces. Moreover, these long prismatic 

faces are built up of smaller crystals, Avhich are not only in parallel position, but are of common size and arranged in A'ertical roAvs between the 

grooves mentioned above, and they terminate above and below in sharp 

pyramids, thus giving the Avhole a peculiarly ornate gothic appearance. 

In part the black color extends to the surface in these larger crystals; in 

part, and especially to\vard the end, they are dull wax yellow. The partial
164 A MINEKALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1885. Stolzite Continued.

crystals present a greater complexity of form; the combinations P (111), 

^~ (* 120), ^-f- (ic 342). P (111), °~^ (it 120), P oo (101). P (111),

3 P 3

Poo (101), oo P2(120), 2~ (it 131). P is rough, as if regularly picked

with a needle point, Poo smooth, shining; oo P 3 smooth, rounded; P3 

rough. The crystal showing the latter combination is remarkable for 

showing oo P 2 holohedral and for a beautiful hemihedrism; all the pinnacles at one end of the big prism running out in P, oo P; on the other 

end in P alone, with two opposite faces so developed that the pinacles all 

end chisel-shaped. It shows thus the same development as Naumann (loc. 

cit., tig. 10, fig. 4; Quenstedt, Min., p. 499), and isolated crystals of this 

form also'occur, which have oo P 2 hemihedral and all the faces developed 

in the same relative proportion as in Naurnann's fig. 10.

The large crystals are coated by a great number of minute reddishyellow crystals, which sometimes form a crust upon them, which on ground 

of imperfect blowpipe diagnosis were thought to be vauadinite by Professor Shepard. They are in parallel position with the larger crystal, and a 

careful examination with a strong lens shows that they have the same crystalline form the ground pyramid with a rounded trito prism. They are, 

therefore, a second. generation of stolzite or a later incrustation of wolfenite. With the common isomorphism and common occurrence of the two 

species, it is not easy to say which is the fact. The reddish-yellow color is 

that of the later wulfenites of the locality.

There is a specimen from Loudville in the Clark collection, nearly a decimeter square, of a massive black mineral, very heavy, with conchoidal 

fracture, pitchy luster, resembling black pitehstone or pitchblende.

It is delicately veined with white cerussite, and on the reverse side rnus 

out into the quartz in stout-square prisms much like those of stolzite, which 

the mineral resembles strongly. It is labeled by Mr. Clark "marasmolite, 

Professor Shepard thinks, or perhaps copper glance," and on a separate 

label "black cerussite," but it proves on analysis to be stolzite.

SULPHUR. 

1818. Sulphur. Oonway, Shelburne, and Warwick.

On mica-slate.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1823. Sulphur.

Pulverulent; perhaps from decomposition of some sulpluvret. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. Eiver; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 230.

1824. Sulphur. Cuinmingtpn.

In the singular mineral discovered by Dr. Porter (cuminingtonite, 

Dewey). Also Middlefield and Chester (Emmons) in rock with brightgreen mica.

C. Dewey: -Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 54.

1882. Sulphur. Northfield.

In cavities in decomposing pyrite layers in horubleudic gneiss on sharp 

east slope of Trowbridge Hill, on north line of State, in minute crystals.

1883. Sulphur. Leverett.

In hornblende-schist in drusy cavities lined with beautiful minute 

crystals.

1895. Sulphur. Hatfield.

At the lead mine in small globules on altered { alena.
A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 165

TALC. 

1818. Steatite. Shutesbury.

(Localities said to be given on map which accompanied the article in 

first and second editions of this volume of the Journal, but not the later 

ones. I have not seen it.)

Indian pots, pipes, etc.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield dyke; Am. .lour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p. 113.

1818. Soapstone. Southampton lead mine. 

At 670 feet in on the tunnel.

"Beautiful green soapstone, very compact, bnt rather softer than that 

kind used for inkstands." 

A. Eaton: Am. Jour. Sci., 'Vol. I, p. 138.

1820. Soapstone. Middlefielcl. 

Discovered by E. Emmons. 

Professor Dewcy: Ibid., Vol. II, p. 236.

1821. Soapstone, magnesian stone. Middlefield.

"A quarry of this species of stone at Plainfield, in the west of Hamp- 

 shire, has been wrought to a considerable extent. I have seen a house 

faced with it in Northampton." (On Round Hill, occupied by Clark 

Institute. Should be Middlefield. See 1826, below.) 

. Dwight's Travels, Vol.1, p. 34.

1821. Steatite. Londville, with barite.

Cleaveland's Min., Vol. I, p. 437.

1822. Crystalline steatite. Middlefield.

C. DeAvey: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. IV, p. 274; Vol. V, p. 249.

1823. Crystalline steatite.

Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 334.

The above citations refer to crystals of serpentine after olivine; see 

Chrysolite.

1823. Steatite.

Southampton (Cleaveland). Middlefield, in steatite (DeAvey). Pelham, 

Rowe. Cummiugton (J. Porter). New Salem, bed in gneiss. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid, p. 228.

1824. Steatite.

Middlefield, white, green white, deep green, large folia. Chester, brown 

talc forming veins in mica slate (Emmons). Large bed 2 miles east of the 

meetinghouse; extensively quarried and transported to Boston as freestone. Also at Worthington.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 51.

1825. Steatite. Zoar.

In serpentine.

Robinson's Cat., p. 78.

Zoar is a village in Charlemont. The soapstone is across the line, in Rowe.

1826. Soapstone.

"The house on Round Hill, hi Northampton, mentioned by President 

Dwight, is built of soapstone not from Plaiufield, whore the rock does 

not occur, but, as the owner informed me, principally from Middlefield."

J. Porter: Min. Not.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X, p. 19.
166 .A M1NERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1827. Talc in steatite. Cuminington.

One-half mile north of Hubbard's leather manufactory.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; ibid., Vol. XII, p. 260.

1828. Steatite. West Granville.

Good bed 1 or two miles southeast of meeting-house. 

E. Hitchcock: Ibid., Vol. XIV, p.222.

1832. Steatite.

Eowe, white and deep green. Shutesbury, south part. Wendell, south 

part. New Salem. 2 miles east of village. 

Not so good on east as on west side of river. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass.; ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 32. 

(The Wendell occurrence is a la,rge bowlder northwest of Locks Pond. }

1833. Steatite.

Middlefield, northeast part; one of the finest beds in the State; contains dolomite. Blandford, wrought. Granville, two beds. Zoar, two 

varieties white and deep green. Rowe, two varieties.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 32.

1835. Steatite. Middlefield.

Mr. William H. Butler has just opened a new quarry there. 

Ed. note: Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXVII, p. 382.

1835. Steatite. Eowe, Zoar, Middlefield, Granville, Shutesbury, New 

Salein.

In gneiss.

E. Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., p.357.

1841. Steatite. Above localities.

Middlefield, delicate green. The variety of talc called nacrite, onehalf mile west of the meetinghouse; in talcose slate. 

Ibid., pp. 610, 613.

1844. Steatite. Above localities.

E. Hitchcock: Ex. Geol. Map.

1876. Talcite. Eowe, Chester, Zoar.

C. U. Shepard; Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst. 

1891. Steatite. Richmond, K. H. Harris's quarry.

In beautiful coarse radiated masses and in ]arge> amount, derived from 

the alteration of the anthophyllite (gedrite) described on page 86. It is 

quarried extensively and carried to Athol, where it is worked.

TETEAHEDEITE. 

1835. Gray copper

"I have seen a specimen from Brimfield; I infer that it originated from 

gneiss."

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 399. 

Doubtful occurrence.

THOMSONITE.

1841. See Natrolite.

TITANITE.

1824. Silico-calcareous oxide of titanium. Chester.

Imperfect; prisms, light brown, with angite and actinolite; also in 

syenite. 

E.Emmoue: Loc. Min.; Am. Jour. Sc.i., 1st series, Vol. VII, p.25-1.
. BMURSOH.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 167

1824, Silico-calcareous oxide of titanium. Middlefield.

Imperfect prisms, rather lighter colored, but much resembling that of 

Brattleboro, Vt. 

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., p. 58.

1835. Sphene.

Middlefield and Chester, in hornblende slate. Pelhaiw, in gneiss. 

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass., pp. 381, 398.

1841. Sphene.

In hornblende-slate in Middlefield and Chester. 

Ibid., p. 624.

1844. Sphene. (Rutilus olliquus.) Pelharn.

J.D.Dana: Sys.Min., p.421.

1876. Titanite. Pelhain, Belchertown, Chester.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 7.

/ 1882. Titanite. Pelhara.

Rare, in pale-yellow to chocolate-colored crystals, 1 mm. to 5 mm. in 

\ length; iu specimens of feldspar labeled albite by Professor Shepard in 

' Amherst College collection; also in the common gneiss 2 miles north of 

1 the asbestos mine in flat, well-formed crystals, and in small grains everywhere iu Monson gneiss.

1892. Titanite. Pel ham.

Honey-yellow crystals (G. = 3.541, Pirsson). Chester, with diaspora. 

. E. S. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 715.

TOPAZ.

1824. Topaz (?). Middlefield, Chester.

Middlefield: Small crystals in serpentine; some prismatic and tetrahedral, yellow, brittle, H. > 7; lying loosely among disintegrated mineral.

Pycnite (subspecies); Cbester: In gneiss bowlders; bluish-green, 6-sided 

prisms terminated by planes, and angles truncated; imperfectly foliated 

perpendicular to the axis; luster of lateral planes vitreous; infusible; sp. 

gr. toward 4; less hard than beryl, which it resembles; largest crystal 14- 

by \\ inches; several at times united parallel to each other (Emmons).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 40.

[Not elsewhere cited; the first probably quartz, the second was probably apatite.]

1825. Pycnite.

In detached pieces of gneiss resembling beryl. 

Robinson's Cat., p. 42.

1825. Topaz (?). Goshen.

See Beryl.

E. Hitchcock: Ibid., Vol. IX, p.-180.

TORBBBNITE. 

1879. Torbernite. Chesterfield Hollow.

Associated with spodumeue and resulting from change of /ircons containing uranium.

A; A. Julien: Spodumene and its alterations; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. and 

Arts, Vol. I, p. 354.
168 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [nuLL.12(5.

TOURMALINE. 

1811. Tourmaline. Gosh en.

Lately discovered on estate of Mr. Weeks, of this city, to whom we are 

indebted for the discovery. (Short description.) 

Dr. Bruce: Brace's Jour., Vol. I, p. 123.

1818. Schorl, black. Pelhain, Shutesbury, Orange.

E.Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfield; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, p. 114.

1819. Tourmaline. Chesterfield.

Notes on locality. Discovered by Dr. Hunt. 

On tourmalines, etc., at Chesterfield. 

Col. G. Gibbs: Ibid., Vol. I, p. 348.

1822. Tourmaline. Plainfield.

Good crystals in quartz. ^ 

Dr. J. Porter: Ed. note; ibid., Vol. IV,p.55. j

1824. Tourmaline. Cuinmiiigton.

Black in milky quartz; uncommonly fine. ; 

J. Porter: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. VII, p. 252. i

1824. Schorl, blue. Norwich (now Huutington).

Near white rocks one-half mile west and visible from Pitchers Bridge 

in coarse granite. 

E. Einmons: Loc. Min.; ibid., p.254. \

1824. Tourmaline. Middlefield, Chester, Norwich.

In granite veins in mica-schist.

Indicolite and green tourmaline in vein of granite in mica schist witb 

silicious feldspar (albite), beryl, prismatic mica, green feldspar, and rose 

quartz. One green crystal 2 inches long and blue inside; 2 miles south of 

meetinghouse in Chester (Einmons).

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 42.

1824. Schorl. Pelhain.

In large masses uot regularly crystallized, but exhibiting a crystalline 

tendency. (At asbestos quarry.) 

C. U. Shepard: Loc.Miu.; ibid., p. 235.

1826. Tourmaline. Worthington.

Well crystallized, radiated, glassy, black, of great elegance. Plainfield. 

J. Porter: Miu.Not.; ibid., Vol. X, p. 18.

1827. Schorl. Williamsburg.

In veins of granite in mica slate and in granite lying contiguous to 

mica slate; terminated. Chesterfield. Frequently stellated. 

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; Ibid., Vol. XII, p. 259 .

1828. Tourmaline. Chesterfield.

"The vein has been laid open 10 to 12 feet in length. I found Mr. Clark; 

the proprietor, very accommodating and reasonable in his charges forminerals. He will pack boxes for gentlemen at a distance who request it.'"

E.Hitchcock: Loc. Min.; ibid., Vol. XIV, p. 215.

1828. Tourmaline. Norwich (now Huntington). .-

Near whetstone quarry on west slope of Walnut Hill. 

Fine black schorl crystals 1 to 2 inches long and completely covening tiles 

convex side of a mass of mica-schist a foot long and 10 inches 

E..Hitchcock: Ibid., p. 220.
V.MERSON.] A MINER ALOGICAL LEXICON. 169 

1829. Tourmaline, green. Chester field.

Analysis by Gmelin; green variety; sp. gr., 3.102.

BO,.................................................. 3.88

SiO-. ................................................ 33.80-

AljO:, ............................................... 39. 61.

Fe,03 ............................................... 7.31

MuO, ............................................... 2.88

NaO................................................ 4.95

Lose..............................-.- ----- - - - -78

98.33 

Ibid., Vol. XV, p. 389.

1835. Tourmaline. Chesterfield.

The vein is about 1 foot in width; crystals small, rarely perfect, deeply 

striated, much curved often, and rifted by cross seams into which the 

quartz is thrust; green crystals with red center, especially in quart/,; 

single crystals in albite often pure red or green.

C. U. Shepard: Min., Vol. II, 2d ed., p. 245.

1841. Tourmaline. Chesterfield.

Many crystals are in a state of internal disintegration; the interior is 

then often found in a fibrous state. 

. Teschemacher: Boat. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 36.

1841. Acmite? Chester.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 614; also No. 2180 in Cat. of State Col.,, 

p. 815, and No. 120j under "Talcoso slate/' in Final Cat. of State Col. Sixth 

Ann. Rep. Mass. Board of Agri v App., p. xlv, 1858.

(Referred with doubt to acmite, but finally catalogued as hornblende. 

It is the black hexagonal tourmaline from the north emery mine.)

1841. Schorl. Tourmaline.

Not common in mica-%late; one largo slab found in Norwich Avith crystals standing out upon the surface of the size of a goose quill; generally 

acuminated. Almost every variety found in the granite; full description 

given. Common schorl, Pelhani.

E.Hitchcock: Geol.Mass.. pp.606, 637, 702.

(The above slab is in the Ainherst collection.)

1844. Tourmaline. (Turmcdus rhombohedrus.) Chesterfield, Goshen.

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 389.

1852. Tourmaline. Goshen.

Regular twins; prisms crossing at right angles; rare; a similarity in 

composition has been observed between the tourmaline and the rock which 

incloses it; e. g., rubellite in lepidolite; soda-tourmaline in albite.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 221.

1860. Tourmaline.

Zu Chesterfield in Massachusetts konimeu griine Tourmaline mit rothen 

Kerneu in Topaz vor. (Error.) Soyfert und Siichting (A. A. 0., p. 206). 

Sochting: Einschliisse von Mineralien, p. 199.

1865. Tourmaline. Chester emery mine.

Highly prevalent throughout the whole vein, especially in North 

Mountain; more frequent near sides of vein; at some places iuterlamU 

nated through its entire mass. Crystals often several inches long, fascicular and radiating; longer axis conforming to the bedding; six-sided, 

nnterminated, brownish black.

C. U. Shepard: Report Chester emery mine, p. 11.
170 A MINE&ALOGICAL LEXICON. [«< "» 126.

1866. Radiated tourmaline. Warwick. Grace Mountain.

C. U. Shepard: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLII, p. 248.

1866. Tourmaline. Chester.

With emery, as at Naxos. 

J. L. Smith: Ibid., p. 92.

1876. Tourmalinite, indicolin, rubellin.

Tourmalinite : Black, Pelham; greeu, Chesterfield, Goshen; blue (indicolin), Goshen, Chester; red (rubellin), Chesterfield, Goshen. 

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst, p. 6.

1882. Tourmaline. Northfield, Brush Mountain.

Abundant crystals; termination R, J R. 

W. E. Webster's collection; Northfield.

1883. Tourmaline. Pelham, at the asbestos mine.

Masses of black tourmaline occur 10 to 20 inches across, which afford at 

times very large imperfect crystals 4 to 8 inches in length, and quite 

frequently fine, small, perfectly terminated specimens showing the two 

flat rhombohedra and uniformly a small brilliant 0 P face. These break 

out of the compact mass of the same mineral, but a film of a compact talclike mineral surrounds the termination; also small crystals of a deep redbrown occur. The mineral also forms curious micropegmatitic intergrowths with the basic feldspars.

1885. Tourmaline. Huntiugton.

At the new opening for spodumeue on Norwich Hill only black tourmaline was found, and that was not abundant. One great crystal 17 inches 

long, 4.7 inches across at the large end, is nearly cylindrical for twothirds its length and then tapers in the last third to a rude point, as if a 

large hand had rudely molded ifc, the deep imprint of the fingers remaining at the other end. It is terminated by 0 P, the edge of which is replaced 

by the small faces of a. flat rhombohedrou.

1891. Tourmaline. Chesterfield.

Crystals of tourmaline If inches across and 4 inches long, mottled green 

and blue outside, deep green on the inside. From M.icornber's ledge; and 

the finest from this locality are in the collection of Columbia College. 

They were collected by Mr. A. A. Julien.

1891. Tourmaline. Chester.

Quite fine black doubly terminated crystals 1 inch long, short and stout 

like those from Monroe, Conn. In coarse chlorite schist in rnilroad cutting near village.

1894. Tourmaline. Chester.

The radiated and fasciculite-liko tourmaline occurs finely at the new 

mine just across the road and river to the north of the old mine. I have 

reexamiued the mineral and find its prisms measure 60°. It is uniaxial 

and deep emerald green by transmitted light. A chemical examination 

made by Mr. Arthur J. Hopkins, instructor in chemistry, gave silica 32.30 

and a strong test for boron. This examination was made because the mineral has recently been called hornblende again, which it much resembles 

in the smooth faces and hexagonal form of the prisms.

1894. Tourmaline. oST orth field.

An interesting locality has recently been opened by blasting by Mr. 

C. H. Webster, of Northfield. Leaving the gulf road at school No. 6, and 

going; east a half mile on the Ervinjj road, and then south a fourth of a
EMERSON.] A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 171

1894. Tourmaline Continued.

mile, the crystals are found in a quartz vein which lies in the line of the 

great Northfield fault. The crystals are 10 to 20 mm. wide aud the longest 

about 8 cm. long. They are inclosed in white quart/ and are much broken 

and recemented. They show the crystalline faces oo R 2, oo R f, oo R, 

 *R, 2R.

1894. Tourmaline. Warwick.

High up on Mount Grace in hornblende-schist the mineral occurs abundantly in radiating groups about an inch across of shining black striated 

needles. It occurs also diverging in both directions from a plane which is 

only marked by a line of fine black grains and from which the needles go 

out at right angles. The tourmalines have often absorbed all the iron 

from the surrounding rock, and a fine granular quartzite slightly tinted 

by epidote remains.

TEBMOLITE.

See Zoisite, 1818, and Xmphibole, 1835.

TRIPHYLITE.

1850. Staurotide. Norwich (now Huntington).

Spoduniene locality on farm of C. Harfcwell. Black, semirnetallic luster; 

crystals 1£ inches in breadth. New crystalline form. 

J. D. Dana: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. X, p. 121.

1851. Phosphate of iron, manganese, lithia. Norwich.

In quartz with spodumene; crystals one-fourth to above an inch in 

length. At first supposed to be black staurotide, with which it is isomorphons; differs from triphyliue in absence of cleavage.

J. D. Dana: On the physical a.nd crystallographical characters of the 

phosphate of iron, manganese, and lithia of Norwich; Ibid., p. 101.

1851. Triphylite. Norwich.

Chemical examination. Sp. gr. 2.876.

PO....... ..................

FejOg....... ...............

Mn03 ...... ................

Al,0,.. ....... ...... .......

LiO...... ..................

CaO .......................

MgO....... ................

H,0 .......................

No. 1.

' 27. !iG

24. 70

9 *>7

1.97

2.07

100.01

No. 2.

26.02

23. 30

2.20

1.61

2.07

100. 14

W. J. Craw: Chemical examination of a phosphate of iron, manganese, 

and lithia from Norwich, Mass.: ibid., Vol. XI, p. 99.

1852. Triplite (alluaudite?). Norwich.

Figured and angles given; considered monoclinic; described. 

C. U. Shepard: On the triplite (alluaudite) of Norwich; Proc. Am. 

Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. VI, p. 234.

1853. Triplite. Norwich.

The crystals are referred by Shepard to the monoclinic system; angles 

given.

The above article noticed in Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XV, p. 445, 

Editor's not*. The reviewer defends the rhombic crystallization of the 

mineral.
172 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [HOLL. 120.

1853. Triphyline. Norwich.

The tripbyline on alteration loses its alkali takes up water aiid oxygeii, 

the iron aucl manganese become peroxides. The mineral from Norwich is 

of this kind.

Scientific intelligence; Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XV, p. 445.

1854. Phosphate of iron and manganese.

First observed by Dr. E. Hitchcock, jr., and Mr. Hartwell. Analysis; 

considered it an altered mineral. 

J. W. Mallet: Ibid., Vol. XVIII, p. 33.

1862. Triphyline. Norwich.

The center of some of the altered crystals is found to be green and distinctly cleavable and to be triphyline its first identification in this 

country.

G. T. Brush: Ibid., Vol. XXXIV, p. 402.

1879. Triphylite. Norwich.

Analysis of the unaltered interior of a crystal. Color grayish-green; sp. 

gr. 3.534.

T> f\ F2eo5 .:::::::::::::::

MnO-... ...........

CaO...... ..........

MgO. ..............

Li2 0 ...............

NajO... ............

H20...... ..........

No. 1.

44.72

26.40

17.87

.49

9 37

.32

.53

99.80

No. 2.

44.80

26.40

17. 80

33

.45

9.34

.38

.30

99.80

No. 3.

44.76

26.40

17 84

.24

.47

Q 3fi

.35

.42

99.84

Li Fe PO4 .

S. L. Penfield: Chemical composition of triphylite; ibid,, 3d series, 

Vol. XVII, p. 226.

1891. Triphylite. Huutington.

Most of that from Huntington is altered to the center by the peroxidation of the manganese and iron and the removal of most of the lithia. Fine 

large crystals are sometimes found attached laterally to large spodurnene

crystals.

URACONITE. 

1852. Uranochre. Chesterfield.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 3d ed., p. 144.

1879. Uranochre. Chesterfield Hollow.

In fissures in spodumene resulting from change of autunite and torbernite. 

A. A. J alien: Spodumene and its alterations, p. 354.

See Autunite.

UKANITE.

VANADINITE.

1866. Vanadinite. Maiihan lead mine, Southampton.

The very rare crystals of stolzite are at times partially incrusted by a 

red-brown somewhat botryoidal mineral, which affords the blowpipe 

reaction of vanadinite, though the quantity employed in the trial did not 

permit a complete verification of this inference."

C. U. Shepard: On the schceletino at the Southampton lead mine; Am. 

Jour. Sci., 2<1 series, Vol. XLI, p. 215.
EEJIKSON.] A MINERA^OGICAL LEXICON. 173

1885. Vanadinite.

A careful examination of the reddish-yellow ci-nets upon the original 

specimen of stolzite in the Clarke collection in Smith College shows that

p o

they are made up of quadratic crystals P (111) o (n 1^0) °^ stolzite or 

vvulfenite; probably the latter.

VERMICULITE.

See Jeff'erisite.

1882. Diabantite-vermiculite. Deerfield. Clieapside Railroad cutting, in trap.

The steps of the process by which the diabantite changes to a vermiculite are given above under Diabautite. The material, although quite 

characteristic, hardly requires a separate specific name.

B. K.Emerson: The Deerfield dyke and its minerals; Am, Jour. Sci.,3d 

series, Vol. XXIV, p. 201.

VESUVIANITE. 

1824. Idocrase.

Hyacinth-red; luster vitreous; fracture uneven (Emmons). Imperfect 

crystals, sometimes nearly one-fourth of an inch in diameter; prism terminated by low pyramids. Chester, with acttnolite, epidote, chlortte; also 

Worthiugton (Emmons).

C.Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VIII, 

p. 44.

Doubtful occurrence.

VILLAKS1TE.

1882. Villarsite. Pelhain.

Much of the chrysolite at the asbestos mine has lost its disseminated 

ore, become hydrated, and exactly resembles this mineral. It has a pale 

olive-green color, becomes friable, and the grains are softer than oliviue.

VIVIANITE.

1883. Vivianite. Hadley.

In the insect-bearing leaf beds Avhich crop out in the east bank of the 

Connecticut Eiver 100 rods above the bridge over the Fort River, near its 

mouth. These leaf beds are cross sections of old beds of the Fort River. 

The vivianite occurs as a replacement of leaf stems, and disseminated in 

the fine sand in quite large patches. It often coats the wings of insects.

WAD. 

1820. Oxide of -manganese. Deerfield, Leverett.

E. Hitchcock: Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. II, p. 374.

1823. Oxide of manganese. Leverett.

In alluvial soil forming a bed 5 or 6 inches thick a few inches below the 

surface; granular. Deerfield, crusts on quart/ and niica-slate. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 235.

1833. Oxide of manganese. Leverett, Whately, Conway. 

Up to 1 foot thick. 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 123.
174 A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [nun. 126.

1841. Oxide of manganese or wad.

Bog deposit in Leverett, Whately, Conway; sometimes up to 1 foot thick. 

Ibid., p. 318.

1876. Wad. Leverett lead mine.

As dendrites and as aggregates in cavities of minute black shining scales, 

which in a few days lost their high luster and sank into a brownish-black 

powder having the properties of common wad.

1882. Wad. Deerfield.

Occurs scattered over much of the prelmite in dots often massed together 

over a surface otherwise clean, in long diamond shapes, the shadows of 

elongated calcite scalenohedra which have disappeared.

B. K. Emerson: The Deerfield dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXIV, 

p. 351.

WASHINGTONINE.

1876. Menaccanite var. washingtonin. Chester.

C. U. Shepard. Cat. of Min. within 75 miles of Amherst, p. 7.

WASHINGTONITE.

See Meuaccaiiite.

WEKNEKITE.

1824. Scapolite. Chester.

C. Dewey. (See Zoisite, 1824.)

1825. Scapolite. Gliarleinont.

J. Porter. (See Zoisite, 1825.)

1826. Scapolite. Goshen.

J. Porter. (See Zoisite, 1826.)

1835. Scapolite. Westfield.

C. U. Shepard. (See Oligoclase, 1835.)

Is a coarse granular plagioclase near oligoclase. Specimen preserved 

in Mass. State Col., Sec. XIII, No. 32. Cat. in Mass. Agri. Eep. 1859, 

App., p. xlvi.

1841. Scapolite. Chester.

E. Hitchcock: Final Rep., p. 606. (See Zoisite, 1824.)

1841. Scapolite or petatite.

E. Hitchcock:- Final Eep., p.618. (See above, 1835.)

1844. Scapolite. (Scapoluspyramidalis.} Chester. 

J. D. Dana: Sys. Min., p. 357.

WTJLFENITE. 

1811. Molybdate of lead. Loudville.

Description.

Wm. Meade: Brace's Jour., Vol. I, p. 151.

1823. Molybdate of lead. Above quoted.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. VI, 

p. 234.

1835. Yellow lead ore. Pyramidal lead baryta. Loudville.

Rare.

C. U. Shepard, Miu., Part II, Vol. II, p. 285,
KHERSON.] A MINEEALOGICAL LEXICON. 175

1885. Wulfenite.

Was obtained inconsiderable abundance at the last opening of the mine 

at Loudville. The finest suite of crystals in the Clark collection in Smith 

College.

Color'smoke gray, lemon yellow, orange yellow to yellowish red. The 

gray, yellow, and orange crystals are present respectively in different 

crystallographic types. The two former colors are comparatively rare; 

the orange deepens to a tint only a shade less deep than the Phccnixville 

crystals. The luster is vitreous to resinous in the red shades; subada- 

.mantine in the other colors.

The crystals are distantly attached by their edges to the cavernous 

quartz, and only very rarely occur in continuous crusts, as at Phccnixville. 

This appears in the deep-red type, which then can scarcely be distinguished 

from the Phomixville occurrence, except by the lesser luster of certain, 

faces. They are thick to thin-tabular, the largest 10 mm. across average 

5 mm. At times a delicate groove is carried around the 0 P face near its 

edge on P oo like the groove around the edge of a book cover; rarely in the 

smoke-gray crystals a deep claret-colored line occupies the same position 

and extends through the thickness of the crystal. At times a lemoncolored crystal is increased by an outward band of orange-colored material. The crystals occur in four distinct types. The smoke-gray crystals, 

which have a shade of yellow in them and are opaque from included 

foreign substance, are marked by the absence of hemihedral faces and the 

prevalence of hemimorphism. They are in thin tables and the rims of the 

crystals are occupied by faces of the zones of P and P oo in about equal 

degree. A few of the clear lemon-yellow crystals are of this type. The 

largest crystals are £ inch squa?'e.

Combinations represented:

1st. 0 P (001), -rV P oo (1, 0, 16), -,-V P oo (1,0,12), £ P oo (205), P oo (101), 

oo P oo (100), £ P (113), oo P (110), oo P 3 (310).

2d. 0 P (001), P (111), -3? P (113), -,V P oo (1, 0,16), P oo (101), oo P (110); 

hemimorphic, the other end showing only 0 P (001).

3d.OP (001), *P (443), t P (332), 2 P 221, £ P oo (102), oo P oo (110), mPn 

undetermined; hemimorphlc. $ JP (443) is new; angle on 0 P (001) 

observed 71° 15'; calculated 71° 25' 4".

4th. 0 P (001), -4- P (1, 1, 16); herniinorphic: 0 P (001); alone below.

The second type is lemon yellow, thick, tabular, generally neither heruimorphic nor hemidedral, with few faces, and with the P oo zone predoiiiiuant, but the P zone well marked. Combinations are:

1st. 0 P (001), P (111), -rV P (1, 1, 16), i P oo (102).

2d. 0 P (001), P oo (101); hemimorphic: below is 0 P (001), 2 7 

(Ttl, 1,75) <p\/ c = &> 20'. 

The third type is of rich orange-red and very rare. The crystals are

oo P 3 almost perfect cubes of the.base and the trito-prism - r} (it 310) with

generally a trace of the second pyramid P oo (101). A beautiful specimen 

covered with cubes of this type is in the cabinet of Smith College. Thick 

tables with rounded edges maybe associated with this type; they seem

made up of 0 P (001), oo P (110), ^ (* 310)> p °° ( 101 )-

The fourth type is by far the most abundant. The crystals are an 

orange yellow to deep orange almost red and are in broad square plates, 

never very thin, and bounded by the faces of P oo (110), which rarely 

occur alone with 0 P (001), but which are always so predominant as to 

decide the habit of the crystal. The rounded, polished face of the tritooo P 3 prism s ( n 310) is rarely absent. P (111) and a long series of other
A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. [BULL. 126.

1885. Wulfenite Continued.

faces appear only in traces. 0 P (001) is, however, generally not a true 

face, but is made up of a series of flat pyramids.

Typical combinations are :

1st. 0 P (001), P oo (101).

2d. 0 P (001), P oo (101), P (111).

3d. 0 P (001), P oo (101), -~?-3 (it 310).

'4th. 0 P (001), P oo (101), oo P 3 (it 310), ^-^ (it 650).

oo P3 5th. 0 P (001), P oo (101), --g (it 310), & P (1, 1, 16), ^ P (1, 1, 12),

oo P oo (100), .» P (110), P (111), 1 P (113).

6th. 0 P(001), -fV P oo (1, 0, 16), ^y- (it 310), P x, (101); hemimorphic; 

the other eud = 0 P (001).

7th. 0 P (001), -iV P (1,1, 12), Poo (110), P (111), iP (113); hemimorphic; 

the other end = -,\ P (1, 1, 16), 0 P. & P V 0 P=5° 54'; -,-V P V 0 P= 

7° 27'.

The following is si list of the forms observed, with a word of description 

of the faces :

2 P (221), d. rare, shining. 

| P (332), r. rare, shining.

3 P (443), y rare, shining (new). 

P (111), n. shining, small.

* P (113), s. shining, small.

iV P (1, 1, 12), 0 dull, curved (new).

iV P (1, 1, 16), w dull, curved.

P 3 (131), A (new v

P oo (101), e. most common, large, dull, rarely shining.

f Poo (205), x. rare.

*Poo (102), u. dull. 

oo P (110), m. narrow, shining. 

oo P oo (100), a. narrow, rough. 

OP (001), c. dull.

oo P 3 (130), g. common, shining, rounded. 

oo P f (650) v (f), common, notched. 

ys- P 7 (7, 1, 75), q> rare, dull. 

TV P oo (1, 0, 16) b. 

, TV P oo (1, 0, 12) 0.

The face oo P oo (100) is rarely present when the rounded ^ (it 430)

occurs, but in its place a trito-prism turned out but a little from the position of the proto-prism and regularly notched like the so-called milling of 

a coin by the oscillatory repetition of oo P 3 and oo P. It can not be measured and I have assigned it doubtfully to oo P If, from which it can not 

widely differ.

Wulfenites of the yellow type rest on stolzite,,and a crust of minute reddish crystals on the same is probably also wulfenite in the form P (111)

Analysis of the wulfenite detects chromium, but no vanadium. Paragenesis:

1. Calcite, 2. Galena, 

Quartz, Quart/,

Wulfenite, Stolzite,

Pyromorphite. Wulfeuite.
KHERSON.) A MINERALOGICAL LEXICON. 177 

1885. Wulfenite, alteration product of. Manhan lead mine, Loudville.

There is a single specimen in the Clarko collection labeled " Cotuunitc, 

according to Professor Shepard," which ]>ossesscs the following peculiarities: It is in thin, quadratic, and octagonal plates resembling exactly the 

thin, pale, yellow type of the wulfenite, but is exteriorly snow-white and 

opaque; in the interior, however, it is translucent, pale, yellow, with resinous luster.

ZIRCON. 

1820. Zircon. Brimfield.

In adularia; found in a Avell near the residence of the late Gen. William 

Eaton by his daughter. Color of smoky quart/; four-sided prisms.with 

four-sided ends. 

A. Eaton : Index, p. 94.

1823. Zircon. Brimfield, in gneiss (Eaton).

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Conn. River; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series,Vol.VI, p. 220.

1825. Zircon. Brimfield.

Robinson's Cat., p. 39.

1876. Zirconite var. cyrtolin. "Ware.

C. U. Shepard: Cat. of'Min. within 75 miles of Amherst College, p. 0.

1879. Zircon. Chesterfield Hollow.

Rich in uranium; minute double pyramids, rarely three-sixteenths of an 

inch in diameter; in albitic granite; rare but perfect crystals in quart/, 

core of vein.

A. A. Julieii: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Arts, Arol. I, p. 351.

1870. Oerstedite. West Chesterfield Hoi",\v.

Frequently found in black octahedra, not only implanted on the outer 

planes of these pseudoniorphs, but also inclosed in the yellow mixture of 

cymatolite and muscovite.

A. A. Julien: Ibid., p. 329.

1879. Cyrtolite. Walnut Hill, Huntiugton.

In albitic granite in central quart/ core of vein. 

A. A. Julien: Ibid., pp. 327,351,352.

1883. Zircon. Pelnani asbestos quarry.

In tourmaline and compact plagioclase (audesite and anorfchite), in Pelham asbestus quarry. Crystals just visible to the eye; bright, transparent, red hyacinths Avith polished faces, long quadratic prisms doubly 

and complexly terminated P, 3 P, 3 P 3. These are with the microscope 

red to olive-green by transmitted, red to amber by reflected, light; also" 

colorless adamantine "jargons," showing with transmitted light a faint 

reddish tinge.

ZOISITB. 

1818. Tremolite. West part of Leyden, near Green Eiver.

In mica slate. Very abundant.

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Deerfleld Dyke; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. I, 

p. 114.

1823. Tremolite, Zoisite. Leyden.

"A mineral has been found at Leydeu in great quantities associated with 

quartz, limestone, etc., and sometimes forming the gangue of the red oxyd 

of titanium. * * * Also at Colerain (?), at Shelburne (?), at Conway (?), 

Bull. 12G 12
178 A MINER ALOGICAL LEXICON. [nui.L.126.

1823. Tremolite, Zoisite Continued.

at Goshen, and in various instances in vast abundance. This luinerul has 

generally been called tremolite, and sometimes /oisite, but it is probably 

scapolite." 

E. Hitcbcock: Cleol. Conn. River.; ibid., Vol. AT, pp. 223. 225.

1824. Scapolite. Gosben.

Scapolite of a silver-gray color associated with quartz. The surface of 

the crystals is longitudinally striated and generally dull, but on being 

broken they exhibit a structure distinctly foliated with a shining luster. 

Published as tremolite in Vol. AT, Am Jour. Sci.

J. Porter: Loc. Mm.; ibid., Vo]. VII, p. 252.

1824. Zoisite. Chester.

Gray, flattened prisms, .striated.

C. Dewey: Gcol. Berkshire County; ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 44.

1824. Scapolite. Chester.

Gray and white; pearly luster; scratches glass; sometimes four-sided 

prisms; generally irregular, often intersecting variously; melts to porous 

yellow-white glass with case. Chester, with hornblende, augite, etc.; 

resembles tremolite.

C. Dewey: Geol. Berkshire County; ibid., 1st series, Arol. VIII, p. 44.

1824. Scapolite. Southwest of Gosben.

Crystals several inches long. Surface striated, foliated; longitudinal 

fracture, shining, even; a metallic luster, the color a lively silver-gray; 

splintery crystals sometimes curved and crystals curiously interlaced; 

some smaller crystals with shining faces and nearly transparent. Here, as 

in Chesterfield, in white quartz.

J. Porter: Ibid., Vol. VIIT, p. 233.

1825. Zoisite. Hawley, near Iron Works.

In veins of quart/ in hornblende rock. "It surpasses in beauty any 

which I ever beheld." 

C. U. Shepard: Bost. Jour. Phil, and Arts, Vol. Ill, p. 609.

1825. Scapolite.

Very abundant by the roadside about a mile east of Hall's Tavern, 

Charlemont (Dr. H. M. Wells, of AVindsor). . 

J. Porter: Loc.Miu.; ibid., A'ol. IX, p. 54.

182G. Zoisite. Wortbingtou. 

Remarkably beautiful. 

J. Porter: Am. Jonr. Sci., A'"ol. X, p. 18.

1826. Scapolite. Gosben.

J. Porter: Ibid., Arol. X, p. 18.

1827. Zoisite. Wortbingtou, Couway, Chesterfield.

A. Nash: Lead mines of Hampshire County; Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, 

Vol. XII, p. 259.

1828. Zoisite. Hawley (C. U. Shepard), Chester, Leyden.

Dirty gray with rutile. 

Robinson's Cat., pp. 42, 57.

1828. Zoisite. Chesterfield.

One mile north of meetinghouse on land of Mr. Searl.

AArith kyanite and anthophyllite.

E. Hitchcock: Loc. Min.; ibid., Arol. XIV, p. 21G.
EMERSON.] A MINEHALOGICAL LEXICON. 179

1835. Zoisite. Goshen, Hawley, Middlefield, Chester, Chesterfield, 

Gomvay, Windsor, and especially in large quantities in North 

Leyden.

E. Hitchcock : Geol.Muss., p. 346.

1835. Zoisite. Hawley.

Very beautiful gray crystals of small diameter compared with their 

length, at Hawley, penetrating small beds of quartz in hornblende rock. 

Goshen and Williamsburg in veins in granite in mica-slate.

C. U. Shepard: Min., 1st edition. Vol. II, p. 184.

1836. Zoisite. Williamsburg.

SiO.................................................. 40.2.1

Al,03 ............................................... 25.59

Fe.j0.i............................................... 8.55

CaO................................................ 23.28

H2 0 ................................................ 1.71

99.34 

T. Thompson : Outlines Min., Vol., I, p. 271.

1841. Zoisite. Goslien, Hawley, Middlefield, Chesterfield, Conway, 

especially Heatli and north part of Leyden.

E. Hitchcock: Geol.Mass,, p. 606. '

1841. Scapolite. Chester (Emmons).

In veins in mica slate associated with hornblende, pyroxene, and garnet, 

but the crystallization is generally confused and indistinct (Emmons's 

Miu.). 

E. Hitchcock: Geol. Mass., p. 606.

184.4. Epidote (Zoisite). (Carbunculus rhonibolied.rus.} Chester,Chesterfield, Heath, Leyden, Williamsburg-.

.1. D. Dana: Sys. Miu., p. 379. *

1.857. Zoisite. Goslien.

Analysis.

SiO, .........................'....................... 40.06

A}iOa ............. .................................. 30.67

Fe;03 ............................................... 2.45

CaO.......:...... .................................. 23.91

Mg 0................................................. .49

H30 ................................................ 2.25

99.83 

Sp. gr .............................................. 3. 341

C. Ramrnelsberg: Pogg. Ann., C., p. 133.

187G. Zoisite. Pelhain.

Small, thin, nearly transparent, colorless crystals, much resembling 

euclasite in form; also in columnar aggregations; both varieties embedded 

in crystals of black tourmalinite. H. 6.5; sp. gr. 3.3; before the blowpipe 

like zoisite. 

Si03 ...............t................................ 42.20

CaO................................................ 22.00

Fe.0................................................ 7.10

MgO................................................ 2.08

C. U. Shepard: Contrib. to Min. (priv. pub.), }). 4.
180 A MINEUALOGICAL LEXICON. [iurr,i,]2C.

1880. Zoisite. Williamsburg.

There is a magnificent zoisite in the Smith College collection; an eightsided gray prism l.{- inches in diameter, 2 inches long, with feldspar in 

c.enter, and associated with clilorite.

1881. Zoisite. "Williamsburg.

WiLLiAMSHUUt;, January ,.'7, 1SS.I.

DKAH Sin : Yours received this day. Plumose mica abounds on what is 

known here as Gear Hill, about 1 mile northwest, near the hamlet called 

Searsville. I have found it plentiful there for some sixty years, and have 

supposed if; the Lest locality known. Found only within the circuit of a 

few hundred acres.

Epidote or zoisite last procured by me was found 4 miles hence on the 

Ashfield road, upon land owned by Andrew I. Hitchcock. A large bowlder 

full of it, associated with hornblende schist, has been thoroughly broken 

up, mostly carried away, I think. I have not explored for it much in this 

region. I merely have a Yankee guess it may be found near by there.

Many years since T have found it in various places in ( oslieu; also 

found it in Worthington; a few most beautiful crystals. Now I should 

not know where to'find it in this town of Worthlugton.

You can find a large mass of it on land of Elisha Mason, some 3 miles 

Avest of the East Village in Cumiuington.. Mr. Robbius, in East Village, or 

A. C. Chapin, in the West Village, are excellent guides or directors.

In the same range we find it in Colerain, and in Halifax, Vt. In Colerain, near Heath line, on land near Anson Dwight, who knows the place. 

I have a hundred-pound mass of it rolled up on a bank for someone's use. 

Yours, truly.

Mourns 1) WIG JIT.

1882. Zoisite. Pelliam asbestos mine.

Embedded in massive tourmaline; sp.gr. 13 to 3.2: H. 7.5; before the 

blowpipe fusible to blcbby green glass.

Analysis. 

SiO, ................................................ 41.27

AlsOs ................,................'.............. 12.20

FeA----........................................... 9.82

CaO................................................ 23.20

MgO.... ............................................ 2.08

Analysis unpublished.

C.'U. Shepard, 1875. f 

(lu small, elongate crystals 1 inch in length, of yellowish color, and in 

colorless masses with radiate columnar structure. In the last opening of 

the mine the mineral was found in highly lustrous, transparent prisms a 

half inch across, colorless and completely fresh. It was embedded in 

black biotite.)

1887. Zoisite. Shelburue Falls.

From large bowlders in a well; large, foliated masses of the finest lightpearl gray; stout prisms; not terminated, and smaller blades interlaced 

with quartz to form a rock.

In collection of Amherst College. 

1890. Zoisite. Slielburne.

Three-quarters of a mile northeast of Center, south of Charles Smith's 

place.

Large bowlders north of road to Center. Many terminated crystals, 

very simple and nntwinned; gray, changing to transparent hyacinth red 

at termination. O '-