DBl'AKTMKN'f OF THE INTEK1OK

BULLETIN

UNITED STATES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

No. 114

EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 181)8

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1894
LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.) 

Department of the interior | | Bulletin | of tlie | United 

States | geological survey | no. 114 | [Seal of the department] | 

. Washington | government printing office | 1894

Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, 

director | | Earthquakes in California | in | 1893 | by | Charles 

D. Perrine | of the Lick observatory | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing offico | 1894

8°. 23 pp.

Perrine (Charles D.).

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | 

Earthquakes in California | in | 1893 | by | Charles D. Perrine | 

of the Lick observatory | [Vignette] | 

Washington | government printing office | 1894 

8°. 23pp.

[UNITED STATUS. Department of the. interior. (77. .S'. geological sicrne.y.) 

Bulletin 114].

S United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director.) |

5 Earthquakes in California | in | 1893 | by | Charles D. Perrine |

.«, of the Lick observatory | [Vignette] |

g Washington | government printing office | 1894

£ 8°. 23pp.

v [UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological tirnify.) 

	Bulletin 114]. ,

&-
R T I S TG M: JH 1ST T.

[Bulletin No. 114.]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey are issued in accordance with the statute 

approved March 3, 1879, which declares that 

"The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the animal report of operations, geological 

and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general 

and economic geology and paleontology. The/ annual report of operations of the Geological Survey 

shall accompany the annii.il report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs and reports 

of said Survey shall bo issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director, but other-

.wise in ordinary octavos. Throe thousand copies of each shall bo published for scientific exchanges 

and for sale at the price of publication; and all literary and cartographic materials received iu exchange 

shall be tho property of tho United States and form a part of the library of the organization; and tho 

money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into tlio Treasury of tho United 

States." ^ '

On July 7, 1882, the following-joint resolution, referring to all Government publications, was passed 

by Congress:

"That whenever any document or report shall bo ordereil printed by Congress, there shall be printed, 

in addition to the number iu each case stated, tho 'usual number' (734) of copies for binding and 

distribution among those entitled to receive them."

Except in those cases iu which an extra number of any publication lias been supplied to the Survey 

by special resolution of Congress or has been ordered by the Secretary of tlio Interior, this.office has 

no copies for gratuitous distribution.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

I. First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Clarence King. 1880. 8°. 79 pp. 

I map. A preliminary report describing plan of organization and publications.

II. Second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1880-'81, by J. W. Powoll. 1882. 

80. lv, 588pp. 62 pi. 1 map.

in. Third Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1881-'82, by J. W. Powell. 1883. 

8°. xviii, 504 pp. 67 pi. and maps.

IV. Fourth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1882-'83, by J. W. Powoll. 1884. 

8°. xxxii, 473 pp. 85 pi. and maps.

V. Fifth Annual Report of tho United States Geological Survey, 1883-'84, by J. W. Powell. 1885. 

8°. xxxvi, 469 pp. 58 pi. and maps.

VI. Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-'85, by J'. AV. Powell. 1885. 

8°. xxix, 570 pp. 65 pi. and maps.

VII. Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1885-'86, by. r.'W. Powoll. 1888. 

8°. xx, 656 pp. 71 pi. and maps.

VIII. Eighth AuuualReportof the United States Geological Survey, 1886-'87, by J". W. Powoll. 1889. 

8°. 2pt. xix, 474, xii pp. 53 pi. and maps; 1 p. 1., 475-1063 pp. 54-76 pi. and maps.

IX. Ninth Annual Report of tho United States Geological Survey, 1887-'88, by J. AV. Powell. '1889. 

8°. xiii, 717pp. 88 pi. and maps.

X. Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-'89, by J. AV. Powell. 1890. 

8°. 2pt. xv, 774 pp. 98 pi. and maps; viii, 123 pp.

XI. Eleventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey. 1889-'90, by J. W. Powoll. 1891. 

8°. 2pt. xv, 757 pp. 66 pi. and maps; ix, 351 pp. 30 pi.

XII. Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-'91. by -T. AV. Powoll. 1891. 

8°. 2pt. xiii, 675pp. 53 pi. and maps; xviii, 576 pp. 146 pi. and maps.

XIII. Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-'92, by J. W. Powell. 

1893. 8°. 'A pt. vii, 2JO pp. 2 pi.

XIV. Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-'9», by .T. AV. Powell. 

1893. 8°. 2 pt,

I
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HI. Geology of the Comstoclc Lode and the AVashoo District, with atlas, by George F. Becker. 1882. 

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IV. Comstock Mining and Miners, by Eliot Lord. 1883. 4°. xiv, 451 pp. 3 pi. Price $1.50.

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VI. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia, by William Morris 

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VIII. Paleontology of the Eureka District, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1884. 4°. xiii, 298 pp. 

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I.. Brachiopoda and Laniellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, 

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.. Dinocerata. A Monograph of an Extinct Order of Gigantic Mammals, by Othniel Charles Marsh. 

1886. 4°. xviii, 243pp. 561. 56 pi. Price $2.70.

.I. Geological -History of Lake Labontan, a Quaternary Lake of Northwestern Nevada, by Israel 

Cook Russell. 1885. 4°. xiv, 288 pp. 46 pi. and maps. ^Price $1.75.

XLT. Geology and Mining Industry of Leadville, Colorado, with atlas, by Samuel Franklin Einmons. 

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Xin. Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope, with atlas, by George F. Becker, 

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XIV. Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley, by John S. -Newberry. 1888. 4°. xiv, 152 pp. 26 pi. Price $1.00.

XV. The Potomac or Younger Mesozoic Flora, by William Morris Fontaine. 1889. 4°. xiv, 377 

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XVI. The Paleozoic Fishes of North America, by John Strong Newberry. 1889. 4°. 340pp. 53 pi. 

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XVII. The Flora of the Dakota Group, a posthumous work, by Leo Lesqiiereux. Edited by F. H. 

Knowlton. 1891. 4°. 400pp. 66 pi. Price $1.10.

XVIII. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, 

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XIX. The Penokee Iron-Bearing Series of Northern "Wisconsin and Michigan, by Roland D. Irviug. 

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XX. Geology of the Eureka District, Nevada, withi atlas, by Arnold Hague. 1892. 4°. 419 pp. £ pi.

In press:

XXI. The Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of North America, by Samuel Hnbbard Scuddcr.

XXII. A Manual of Topographic Methods, by Henry Gannett, chief topographer.

XXIII. Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts, by Raphael Pumpelly, J. 'K. Wolf}', 

and T. Nelson Dale.

XXIV. Mollusca and Crustacea of the Miocene Formations of Now Jersey, by R. P. Whitfield.

In preparation:

 Sauropoda, by 0. C. Marsh.

 Stegosauria, by 0. C. Marsh.

 Brontotheridffi, by 0. C. Marsh.

 Report on the Denver Coal Basin, by S. F. Emmons.

 Report on Silver Cliff and Ten-Mile Mining Districts, Colorado, by S. F. Emmons.

 The Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Uphatn.

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1. On Hypersthene-Andesite and on Triclinic Pyroxene in Augitic Rocks, by Whitman Cross, with a 

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6. Elevations in the Dominion of Canada, by J. W. Spencer. 1884. 8°. 43pp. Price 5 cents.
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7. Mapoteca Goologica Americana. A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America (North and South), 

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8°. 184 pp. Price 10 cents.

8. On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks, by R. D. Irving and C. R, 

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9. A report of work done in the Washington Laboratory during the fiscal year 1883-'84. F. W. Clarke, 

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10. On the Cambrian Faunas of North America. Preliminary studies, by Charles Doolittlo Walcott.

1884. 8°. 74pp. 10 pi. Price 5 cents.

11. On the Quaternary and Recent Mollnsca of the Great Basin; with Descriptions of New Forms, 

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12. A Crystallographic Study of the Thinolito of Lake Lahontau, by Edward S. Dana. 1884. 8°. 

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13. Boundaries of the United States arid of the several States and Territories, with a Historical 

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14. The Electrical and Magnetic Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barns and Vincent 

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15. On the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology of California, by Charles A, White. 1885. 8°. 33pp. 

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16. On the Higher Devonian Faunas of Ontario Connty, New York, by John M. Clarke. 1885. 8°. 

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17. On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Hocks of Waslioe, Nevada, with notes on 

the Geology of the District, by Arnold Hague and Joseph P. Iddings. 1885. 8°. 44 pp. Price 5 

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18. On Marine Eocene, Fresh-water Miocene, and other Fossil Mollusca of Western North America, 

by Charles A. White. 1885. 8°. 26 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

19. Notes on the Stratigraphy of California, by George F. Beckcr. 1885. 8°. 28 pp. Price 5 cents.

20. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Rocky Mountains, by Whitman Cross and W. F. Hillebrand. 1885. 8°. 114pp. Ipl. Price 10 cents.

21. The Lignites of the Great Sioux Reservation. A Report on the Region between the Grand and 

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22. On New Cretaceous Fossils from California, by Charles A. White. 1885. 8°. 25 pp. 5 pi. 

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23. Observations on the Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series on Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior, by R. D. Irving and T. C. Chamberlin. 1885. 8°. 124 pp. 17 pi. 

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24. List of Marine Mollusca, comprising the Quaternary Fossils.and recent forms from American 

Localities between Cape Hatteras and Cape Roque, including the Bermudas, by William Healy Ball.

1885. 8°. 336 pp. Price 25 cents.

25. The Present Technical Condition of the Steel Industry of the United States, by Phineas Barnes. 

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26. Copper Smelting, by Henry M. Howe. 1885. 8°. 107 pp. Price 10 cents.

27. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

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28. The Gabbros and Associated Hornblende Rocks occurring in the neighborhood of Baltimore, 

Md., by George Huntiugton Williams. 1886. 8°. 78 pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

29. On the Fresh-water Invertebrates of the North American Jurassic, by Charles A. White. 1886. 

8°. 41 pp. 4 pi. Price 5 cents.

30. Second Contribution to the Studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America, by Charles Doolittle AValcott. 1886. 8°. 369pp. 33 pi. Price 25 cents.

31. Systematic Review of our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1886. 8°. 128 pp. Price 15 cents.

32. Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States; a Preliminary Study, by Albert 

C. Peale. 1886. 8°. 235 pp. Price 20 cents.

33. Notes on the Geology of Northern California, by J. S. Diller. 1886. 8°. 23 pp. Price 5 cents.

34. On the relation of the Laramio Molluscan Fauna to that of the succeeding Fresh-water Eocene 

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35. Physical Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barns and Vincent Strouhal. 1886. 8°. 02 

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36. Subsidence of Fine Solid Particles in Liquids, by Carl Barns. 1886. 8°. 58 pp. Price 10 cents.

37. Types of the Laramio Flora, by LesterF. Ward. 1887. 8°. 354pp. 57 pi. Price 25 cents.

38. Poridotito of Elliott County, Kentucky, by ,T. S. Dillor. 1887. 8°. 31pp. Ipl. Price 5 cents.

39. The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upliam. 1887. 8°. 84 

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40. Changes in River Courses in Washington Territory duo to Glaciation, by Bailey Willis. 1887. 

8°. 10pp. ^pl. Price 5 cents.
W ADVERTISEMENT.

41. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian the Geneseo Section, New York, by Henry S. 

Williams. 1887. 8°. 121pp. 4 pi. Price 15 cents.

42. Eeport of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

I885-'86. F;W.Clarke, chief chemist. 1887. 8°. 152pp. 1 pi. Price 15 cents.

43. Tertiary and Cretaceous Strata of the Tiisoaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama llivers, by Eugene 

A. Smith and Lawrence C. Johnson. 1887. 8°. 189pp. 21 pi. Price 15 cents.

44. Bibliography of North American Geology for 1886. by Nelson H. Barton. 1887. 8°. 35 pp. 

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45. The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas, by Robert T. Hill. 1887. 8°. 94 

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46. Nature and Origin of Deposits of Phosphate of Lime, by R. A. F. Penrose, .jr., with an introduction by N. S. Shaler. 1888. 8°.'143 pp. Price 15 cents.

47. Analyses of Waters of tho Yellowstono National Park, with an Account of the Methods of 

Analysis employed, by Frank Austin Gooch and James Edward Whitfield. 1888. 8°. 84 pp. Price 

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48. On tho .Form and Position of the Sea Level, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1888. 8°. 88 pp. 

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49. Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri. "Kansas, and New Mexico, by Robert 

Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 133 pp. Price 15 cents.

50. Formulas and Tables to facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 124pp. Price 15 cents.

51. On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. 1.889. 8°. 102 

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52. Subaiirial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israel Coolc 

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53. The Geology of Nantucket, by Nathaniel Southgato Shaler'. 1889. 8°. 55pp. 10 pi. Price 10 

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54. On the Thermo-Eloctric Measurement of High Temperatures, by Carl Barns. 1889. 8°. 313pp. 

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55. Report of work done in tho Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the lisoal year 

1886-'87. Frank Wiggles worth Clarko, chief chemist. 1889. 8°. 90 pp. Price 10 cents.

56. Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potomac Formation, by Frank HallKnowltou. 1889. 8°. 72 

pp. 7 pi. Price 10 cents.

57. A Geological Reconnaissance in Southwestern Kansas, by Robert Hay. .1890. 8°. 49pp. 2 pi. 

Price 5 cents.

58. The Glacial Boundary in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, by George 

Frederick Wright, with an introduction by Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. 1890. 8°. 112pp. incl. 

1 pi. 8 pi. Price 15 cents.

59. The Gabbros and Associated Rocks in Delaware, by Frederick D. Chester. 1890. 8°. 45pp. 

1 pi. Price 10 cents.

60. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

!887-'88. F. W. Clarice, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 174 pp. Price 15 cents.

61. Contributions to tho Mineralogy of tho Pacific; Coast, by William Harlowe Melville mid Waldemar 

Lindgren. 1890. 8°. 40 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

62. Tho Greenstone Schist Areas of the Menomiuee and Marquette Regions of Michigan; a contribution to the subject of dynamic metamorphism in eruptive rocks, by George Huntington Williams; 

with an introduction by Roland Duer Irviug. 1890. 8°. 241 pp. 16 pi. Price 30 cents.

63. A Bibliography of Paleozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889, including a list of North American 

species and a systematic arrangement of genera, by Anthony W. Vogdes. 1890. 8°. 177 pp. Price 

15 cents.

64. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1888-'89. F.W. Clarko, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 60pp. Price 10 cents.

65. Stratigraphy of tho Bituminous Coal Field of Pennsylvania-, Ohio, and West Virginia, by Israel 

C. White. 1891. 8°. 212pp. ll.pl. Price 20 cents.

66. On a Group of Volcanic Rocks from the Tewan Mountains, New Mexico, and on the occurrence 

of Primary Quartz in certain Basalts, by Joseph Paxson Iddings. 1890. 8°. 34 pp. Price 5 cents.

67. The Relations of tho Traps of tho Newark System in the New Jersey Region, by Nelson Horatio 

Darton. 1890. 8°. 82 pp. Price 10 cents.

68. Earthquakes in California in 1889, by James Edward Keeler. 1890. 8°. 25pp. Price 5 cents.

69. A Classed and Annotated Bibliography of Fossil Insects, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1890. 

8°. 101 pp. Price 15 cents.

70. Report on Astronomical Work of 1889 and 1890, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1890. 8°. 79pp. 

Price 10 cents.

71. Index to the .Known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Samuel 

Hubbard Scudder. 1891. 8°. 744pp. Price 50 cents. ,

72. Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Upham. .1891. 8°. 

229 pp. Price 20 cents. » 
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73. Tlio Viscosity of Sol ids, by Carl Barns. 1891. 8°. xii, 139 pp. 'G pi. Price 15 cents.

74. Tlio Minerals of North Carolina, by Frederick Augustus Gontli. 189 U 8°. 110 pp. Price 15 

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75. Record of North American Geology for 1887 to 1889, inclusive, by Nelson Horatio Barton. 1891. 

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70. A Dictionary of Altitudes in tlio United States (second edition), compiled by Henry Gannett, 

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77. The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic Types of Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 51 pp. 

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78. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1889-'90. F.W. Clarice, chief chemist. 1891. 8°. 131pp. Price 15 cents.

79. A Late Volcanic Eruption in Northern California and its Peculiar Lava, by .1. S. Dlller. 1891. 8°. 

33pp. 17 pi. Price 10 cents.

80. Correlation papers Devonian and Carboniferous, by Henry Shaler Williams. 1891. 8°. 279 pp. 

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81. Correlation papers Cumbrian, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1891. 8°. 447 pp. 3 pi. Price 

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82. Correlation papers Cretaceous, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 273pp. 3 pi. Price 20 cents.

83. Correlation papers Eocene, by William .Bullock Clark. 1891. 8°. 173pp. 2 pi. Price 15 cents.

84. Correlation papers-Neocene, byW.H. Ball and G.D.HarriH. 18B2. 8°. 349pp. 3 pi. Price 

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85. Correlation papers The Nowark System, by Israel Cook Kusaell. 1892. 8°. 344pp. 13 pi. 

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8G: Correlation papers Archean and Algonkian, b.v C. K, Vnn Hise. 1892. 8°. 549 pp. 12 pi. 

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90. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1890-'91. F.W. Clarice, chief chemist. 1892. 8°. 77pp. Price 10 cents.

91. Record of North American Geology for 1890, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8°. 88pp. Price 

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92. Tho Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Earns. 1892. 8°. 96pp. 29 pi. Price 10 cents.

93. Some insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, and other points in the Tertiaries of 

Colorado and Utah, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1892. 8°. 35 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

94. Tho Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barns. 1892. 8°. 138pp. Price 15 cents.

95. Earthquakes in California in 1890 and 1891, by Edward Singleton Holden. 1892. 8°. 31 pp. 

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90. The Volume Thermodynamics of Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 100pp. Price 10 cents.

97. TheMesozoic Echinodermata of the United States, by William Bullock Clark. 1893. 8°. 207 

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98. Flora of the Outlying Carboniferous Basins of Southwestern Missouri,by David White. 1893. 8°. 

139pp. 5 pi. Price 15 cents.

99. Record of.North American Geology for 1891; by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1892. 8°. 73pp. 

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100. Bibliography and Index of the publications of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1879-1892, by Philip 

Groveling Warman. 1893. 8°. 495 pp. Price 25 cents.

101. Insect Fauna, of the Rhode Island Coal Field, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1.893. 8°. 27 pp. 

2 pi. Price 5 cents.

102. A Catalogue and Bibliography of North American Mesozoic Invertebrata. by Cornelius Breckjnridge Boyle. 1893. 8°. 315pp. Price 25 cents.

103. High Temperature Work in Igneous Fusion and Ebullition, chiefly in relation to pressure, by 

Carl Bams. 1893. 8°. 57pp. 9 pi. Price 10 cents.

104. Glaciatiou of the Ycllowstono Valley north of the Park, by Walter Harvey Weed. 1893. 8°. 

41 pp. 4 pi. Price 5 cents.

105. The Laramio and the overlying Livingston Formation in Montana, by Walter Harvey "Weed, 

with lleport on Flora, by Frank Hall Knowlton. 1893. 8°. 08 pp. C pi. Price 10 cents.

106. The Colorado Formation and its Invertebrate Fauna, by T. W. Stanton. 1893. 8°. 288 pp. 

45 pi. Price 20 cents.

107. The Trap Dikes of the Lake Champlaiu Region, by James Fnruiau Ketnp and Vernon Freeman Marsters. 1893. 8°. 02 pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

108. A Geological Reconnoissanco in Central Washington, by Israel Cook Russell. 1893. 8°. 108pp. 

12 pi. Price 15 cents.

109. Tho Eruptive and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and. their contact phenomena, by William Shirley Bayley. 1893. 8°. 121pp. 16 pi. Price 15 cents.

110. The Paleozoic Section in the vicinity of Three Forks, Montana, by Albert Charles Peale. 1893. 

8°. 50 pp. 0 pi. Price 10 cents.

111. Geology of the Big Stone Gap Coal Field of Virginia and .Kentucky, by Marina 11. Campbell. 

1893. 8°. 100 pp. 6 pi. Price 15 cents.

112. Earthquakes in California in 1892, by Charles 1). I'errine. 1893. 8°. 57pp. Price 10 cents
VI ADVERTISEMENT.

113. A report of work done in tlio Division of Chemistry during tho Usual years 1891-'92 and 

1892-'93. P. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1893. 8°. 115 pp. Price 15 cents.

114. Earthquakes in California in 1893, by Charles D. Perrine. 1894. 8°. 23pp. Price 5 cents.

115. A Geographic Dictionary of Rhode Island, by Henry Gannett. .1894. 8°. 31pp. Price 5 cents.

116. A Geographic Dictionary of Massachusetts, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. ]26 pp. Price 35 

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117. A Geographic Dictionary of Connecticut, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 67 pp. Price 10 cents. 

In preparation:

118. Studies in the Structure of tho Green Mountains, by T. Nelson Dale.

 The Moraines of the Missouri Cotean and their attendant deposits, by Jahies Edward Todd.

 A Bibliography of Paleobotany, by David White.

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1882, by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. xvii, 813 pp. Price 

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and .1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 8°. xiv, 1010 

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885. Division of Mining Statistics and Technology. 1886. 

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To THE DIRECTOR OF THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

WASHINGTON, T). C., March, ISM.
UJii'AKTMEST OF THJi 1NTKB1OK

BULLETIN

OF TILE

UNITED STATES

No. 114

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1894

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR

EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA

IN

1893

BY

CHARLES D.

OF THE LICK OBSERVATORY

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1894

CONTENTS.

Letter of trausmittal..........................'............................. 7

Introduction ............................................................... 9

Instruments ..................................... .,...................... 9

Scale of measurement.................................................. 10

Differences of intensity................................................. 10

Statinus................................................................ 12

Chronologic record, 1893 .................................................... 12

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

LICK OBSERVATORY, 

Mount Hamilton, Gal., February 3, 1894.

SIR : I beg to inclose with this a manuscript report of earthquake 

observations in California and Pacific coast States for 1893, compiled 

by Mr. Perrine, of the observatory, which I trust you may see fit to 

publish as a bulletin as usual. 

Yours, very truly,

EDWARD S. HOLDEN,

Director. 

Hon. J. W. POWELL,

, Director U. S. Q-eoloyical Survey, Washington, D. C.

1

EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893.

By On ABLE s D. PERRTNE.

INTRODUCTION.

The following paper is a continuation of similar records furnished 

by officers l of tlie Lick Observatory, and completes the list up to the 

.end of 1893. It records all the shocks observed or felt on Mount 

Hamilton, and all those reported to the Lick Observatory by letter, as 

.well as newspaper reports of such earthquakes as occurred in the 

State during that year. It also includes a number of shocks in various 

localities on the Pacific coast, which it was thought might not have 

been recorded in other reports. No systematic examination of newspapers has been made, however, and some reports of earthquakes may 

have escaped notice.

' INSTRUMENTS.

The instruments used for recording earthquakes-on Mount Hamilton 

are described in Publications of the Lick Observatory, Yol. I, p. 82. 

The largest and most complete instrument records the north and south, 

east and west, and vertical components of the earth's motion, separately 

on a smoked glass plate, which is started by the preliminary tremors 

of the earthquake and rotates uniformly in about three minutes, the 

edge of the plate being at the same time graduated into seconds by 

the clock, which also serves to record the time of occurrence of the 

shock. This instrument has been called the Ewiug seismograph in the 

notes. Another form consists of the heavy "duplex", pendulum adjusted to a long period of vibration; with a magnifying pointer or pen, 

Avhich records on a smoked glass plate both horizontal components of 

the motion. The vertical component and the time are not recorded.

1 List of recorded earthquakes in California, Lower California, Oregon, and Washington Territory 

from 1709 to 1888. By Edward S. Holden. Sacramento, State Printing Office.

Earthquakes in California in 1888. By Edward S. Holden. . American Journal of Science, vol. 37, 

May, 1889.

Earthquakes in California in 1889. By James E. Keeler. Bulletin U. S. Geological Survey, No. C8, 

1890.

Earthquakes in California in 1890 and 1891. By Edward S. Holden. Bulletin U. S. Geological 

Survey, No. 95, 1892. '

Earthquakes in California in 1892. By Charles D. Perrine. Bulletin U. S. Geological Survey, No. 

112, 1893.

9
10 EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. [BULL. 114.

The motion of the earth is magnified four times in the duplex seismometers.

The observatory possesses other seismographs of various patterns, 

but they are not constantly in use.

SCALE OF MEASUREMENTS.

In the record made by the Ewing seismograph both horizontal components are magnified 3-3 times, and the vertical component is magnified 1-6 times. The measures of the vibrations as given in the notes are 

taken directly from the tracings, and therefore represent the magnified 

motion.

If both the period T, and the amplitude a of an earthquake wave are 

given, the maximum acceleration due to the impulse, which may be 

taken as a measure of the intensity or destructive effect of the shock, is 

given by the formula 

T _ 4 a2 a, 

~ T2

in which the motion is assumed to be harmonic.

DIFFERENCES OF INTENSITY.

Estimates of the intensity of shocks are also given (in Roman numerals inclosed in parentheses) according to the Eossi-Forel scale, which 

for convenience of reference is inserted below. Experience has suggested that for observations in California a few additions should be 

made to this scale, and these are printed here in italics. When these 

are in quotation marks also they are expressions actually used in the 

newspapers, etc., in describing earthquake shocks, whose intensity is 

otherwise known. The scale, as amended, is as accurate as anything of 

the kind can be.

i.

Microseismic shocks recorded by a single seismograph, or by seismographs of the same model, but not putting seismographs of different 

patterns in motion; reported by experienced observers only.

II.

Shock recorded by several seismographs of different patterns; reported 

by a small number of persons who are at rest. 11A very light shock."

III.

Shock reported by a number of persons at rest; duration or direction 

noted. "A shock;" ua light shock."

' IV.

Shock reported by persons in motion; shaking of movable objects, 

doors, and windows; cracking of ceilings. "Moderate;" u strong j" 

" sharp;" (sometimes) "light."
EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. 

V.

11

Shock felt generally by everyone; furniture shaken; some bells rung; 

some clocks stopped; some sleepers waked; "smart;" "strong;" "heavy;" 

"severe;" "sharp;", "quite violent."

VI.

General awakening of sleepers; general ringing of bells; swinging of 

chandeliers; stopping of clocks; visible swaying of trees; som'epersons 

run out of buildings. Window glass broken; "severe;" "very severe;" 

"violent."

VII.

Overturning of loose objects; fall of piaster; striking of church bells;

general fright, without damage to buildings, Nausea felt; " violent;"

" very violent."

VIII.

Fall of chimneys; cracks in the walls of buildings.

IX. 

Partial or total destruction of some buildings.

X.

Great disasters; overturning of rocks; fissures in the surface of the 

ground; mountain slides.

The relation between the intensity (I) of a shock as determined by 

the formula already given, and the numbers of the Bossi-Forel scale, 

has been reduced from all available data up to 1888, and is given 

below in tabular form. It is, of course, a rough approximation only:

Rossi-Forol scale.

I..................

II..................

in..................

IV..................

v... ...............

VI..................

VII..................

VIII..................

IX..................

Intensity-, 

millimeters 

per second.

20

40

CO

9(1

.110

150

300

500

. 1,200

Difference.

20

20

20

30

40

150

200

700

One of the objects of the earthquake observations on Mount Hamilton is to obtain data for correcting this table, so that the intensity of a

- V 2 

shock, as defined mathematically by the formula !=-./ (where V is the

Cv

maximum velocity of the vibrating particle), can be inferred from the 

ordinary descriptions of its effects.
12 EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. [BTJLI.IU.

STATIONS.

A number of duplex-pendulum seismographs, quite similar to the one 

used at the Lick Observatory, are placed at different points on the 

Pacific coast, but they are not all in operation. The stations are:

Student's Observatory, Berkeley, in charge of Mr. Leuschner.

Ohabot Observatory, Oakland, in charge of Mr. Burckh alter.

Private observatory of Mr. Blinn, in East Oakland.

Observatory of the University of the Pacific, San Jose.

Observatory of Mills College, near Oakland, in charge of Prof. Keep.

Office of State Weather Bureau, Carson, Nev., in charge of Prof. 

Friend.

Alameda, at the residence of Mr. Perrine.

The reports of the U. S. Light-House Board and of the U. S. Signal 

Office (U. S. Weather Bureau) should be consulted in this connection, 

as they record disturbances felt at their stations, which may not be included in this list.

CHRONOLOGIC RECORD, 1893.

January 13. MOUNT HAMILTON. Prof. Holden reports the shock at 

1:2:22 ± 5s. a. m. of intensity V, Rossi-Forel scale.

Mr. Colton reports the time as 1:2:25 a. m.

Mr. Townley reports the time as 1:2:16 a. m.

The duplex seismograph gives a complicated tracing, 5mm by 3 "'.

The Ewing instrument shows a motion east and west in the horizontal, but none in either the north or south or vertical directions. 

The greatest amplitude of the Ewing record is 3inm, the shock lasting 

fifteen to twenty seconds. Mr. Colton's record shows that the first 

motion of the earth was to the east.

January 25. WINTERS. There was a shock of earthquake here last 

night at 9:40 o'clock and another about 1 o'clock this morning. Both 

were light, but pronounced enough to scare the.timid.

February 21. FAIRFIELD. A heavy shock at 8:15 p. m., to-day.

February 21. SUISUN. A sharp shock of earthquake was felt here 

at 8:16 o'clock this evening.

February 21. DIXON. Quite a severe shock of earthquake was felt 

here at 8:20 o'clock this evening.

March 3. GRASS VALLEY. "A perceptible shock" was felt here at 

6:15 a.m.

March 6. UMATILLA, OREGON. A succession of earthquake shocks 

were felt here to-night. One of the walls of a large stone building was 

thrown down by the force of the shock.

March 27. SANTA EOSA. A slight earthquake shock was felt here 

at 11:30 o'clock to-night. The vibration was from east to west and the 

shock was of only a few seconds' duration. No damage was done.
EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. 13

March 30. INDEPENDENCE and LONE PINE, INYO COUNTY. Mr. C. 

Mulholland reports as follows: "On the evening of last Thursday, 

March 30, at 10:30 o'clock, an earthquake occurred. The center of disturbance appeared to be at a point about (I miles north from the south 

end of Owens Lake. At that point there is a strip of land 2 miles wide 

between the lake and the base of the Sierra Kevada oh the west. But 

one shock was felt; this was very sharp; the earth motion maybe 

likened to the result of a blow struck upon a plank by a sledge. At 

Lone Pine, 30 miles farther north, the shock was felt about the same 

time; the vibration was not so sharp, but more undulatory. Most of 

the day heavy clouds hung about the mountains, and at the time of the 

shock the whole sky was overcast. A very light wind was blowing 

from the west. No damage was done."

March 31, YACAVILLE. A sharp earthquake shock was felt here at 

2:30 this morning. It lasted several seconds, and its direction was 

from north to south.

April 4. MOJAVE. At 11:40 a. m. to-day this place was visited by 

four distinct shocks of earthquake. Buildings were rocked for several 

seconds, creating considerable fright. At Saugus, 70 miles south, 

chimneys were knocked down and dishes and other household furnishings were broken. The impression is that the quake came from 

the northeast.

April 4. SAN BERNARDINO. A heavy earthquake, moving in a 

southeasterly direction, visited this city at 11:40 a.m. to-day. There 

was no damage.

April 4. SANTA ANA. A slight earthquake was felt in this city at 

11:45 a. in. to-day, the movement seeming to be from west to east. 

The vibrations Avere so slight, however, tiiat many people were not 

aware there had been any disturbance of the earth's surface until the 

fact was made known in the evening paper.

April 4. Los ANGELES. At 11:48 this morning there was a slight 

earthquake of .short duration. The movement was from west to east. 

In Observer Franklin's office the barometers were well shaken, and continued to oscillate perceptibly for two minutes at least. It lasted about 

eighteen seconds.

April 4. SAN DIEGO. There was a slight shock of earthquake- at 

11:42 a. m. It was felt only in the upper stories. It shook the 

barometer at the signal office.

April 8. Los ANGELES. Alarming reports of seismic disturbances 

have just been received from the residents of the oil region of IsTewhall, 

35 miles from this city.

Dating from last Tuesday, the day on which Los Angeles experienced a slight shake, there has been a terrifying series of temblors, 

accompanied by subterranean explosions. These disturbances have 

been frequent, and have been accompanied by landslides from the 

mountains of an alarming and dangerous description. A letter received
14 EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. [BULL. 114.

from there to-day gives an account of the shock on Tuesday. It is 

dated from Pico Canyon, about 8 miles southwest from Newhall. It 

reads substantially as follows:

"I was driving this morning- when my horse became frightened 

without apparent cause, and there came a rumbling sound which grew 

terrifying. I looked up and saw an awful sight. Landslides from 

every peak in sight came tumbling down with huge bowlders. The 

mountains appeared as if myriads of volcanoes had burst forth and 

were combining their efforts toward universal destruction.

"When I got to the long bridge I saw Mr. Thomas standing dazed, 

holding to the railing, and others came running across the bridge. 

The earth opened in a number of places and the scene was indescribable. Men cried, prayed, and swore, and one kept shouting, 'My God, 

we are all going down to hell!'

"When I reached my house I found everything upset. Pictures, 

dishes, and everything breakable were smashed, and two stoves were 

broken all to pieces. All the afternoon lighter shocks continued, and 

also through the night."

Another letter dated on Friday says:

"On Wednesday night, just as I had gone to bed, l Crash!' came 

another great shock. All night long they recurred, keeping us up 

until morning; and all day Thursday they continued, each preceded 

by a heavy subterranean explosion. The house the foreman lived in 

Avas demolished this time. Last night was less exciting, and at 3 

o'clock this (Friday) morning we had another, which was fully as terrifying as the first. The shocks were worse in the canyon here than 

elsewhere, but at Newhall and all around this part of the county they 

have been terrifying."

April 9. Los ANGELES. The San Fernando range of mountains, 

where the greater disturbance took place during the week, were pretty 

generally shaken up every day, beginning with Tuesday. The last 

temblor, a slight one, was felt in the canyon about 10 o'clock Sunday 

night. There were no shocks so severe as the first one, and they 

gradually lessened in force and frequency.

As far as can be learned the area of the temblors was not confined 

entirely to the San Fernando range, but dipped across the big Newhall 

ranch, past Saugus and over into the Castac and Piru mountains, north 

of Newhall. Strange as it may seem, although Newhall is only 8 miles 

from the Pico Canyon, where the shakes were more continuous than 

elsewhere, the people in that town did not feel many of them.

Just what connection there is between the oil region and the earthquakes is something that scientists may have theories about, but it is 

a fact that the greatest disturbance was in and around the oil wells of 

the Pacific Coast and San Francisco companies at the head of Pico 

Canyon. A picturesque and excellent road winds around among the 

hills and mountains up info the canyon. It gradually ascends and is
PEHRINE.] EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. 15

forever crossing and recrossing a briskly running creek, which tumbles 

down from the hills with a decided scum of oil on its surface.

A sudden turn, in the road brings Mintryville in sight. This^is a 

little town with a schoolhouse, and is the residence of the superintendent of the oil companies. Scattered about are pretty little cottages, 

the homes of employe's. The canyon winds around and about, and at 

every little distance on the road to Pico, where the central engine house 

and wells are located, are the quaintly situated houses of employe's.

One who has not visited the peculiarly formed canyon can hardly 

have a clear conception of the consternation with which the earthquakes 

were received by the 130 people who live in this vicinity.

Temblors that would, as these did, tilt up great oil tanks full of oil, 

detach immense bowlders from the mountain sides, weighing tons, and 

cause big surface fissures in the ground in various places, are not calculated to make people rest well at night, and when these disturbances 

continue at irregular intervals for five days it is a wonder that the 

women and children in the canyon bore the ordeal as bravely as they 

did.

Shortly after reaching Mintryville Mr. Mintry was found at home, 

and gave his recollection of the big earthquake of Tuesday.

"It was a few minutes after 12 o'clock," he said, "and I was just 

starting down for dinner. The men had nearly all left the derricks. 

Suddenly there was a peculiar swaying of the ground and an explosion 

which I can hardly describe. It was heavier than any blast I ever 

heard. I was on horseback, and the horse was frightened very badly. 

At first I thought of a boiler, but looking along the San "Fernando range, 

as far as I could see east and west, there was a blinding cloud of dust. 

It rose directly up from the top of the range and was thick. All around 

me the dust rose from the hills in the near vicinity and earth and bowlders came tumbling down. The shock lasted between ten and fifteen 

seconds.

"I looked across the valley and saw the same thing in the Castac 

hills. That shock was the worst and it was accompanied by a rumbling sound. The shocks since that time have been smaller ones. They 

have not affected the flow of oil by either increasing or diminishing it. 

There was not the slightest disturbance in any of the wells. I have 

been here for nineteen years as superintendent of the oil wells, and 

this is the first time there has been an earthquake in this vicinity."

In conversation with other residents it was learned that both at the 

head of the canyon and at Mintryville, which is nearly 2 miles below, 

the first shock played Havoc with the crockery in nearly all the houses 

in both places, and a lot of milk pans full of milk, a quantity of eggs, 

and the stove and nearty every loose article in one house were thrown 

in a jumble on the floor and mixed up with the ashes.

In another house the cellar was caved in at one corner, and had it 

not been for a stout underpinning the house would have fallen over.
If) EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. [BULL.IU.

One young man was in a cellar in Miutryville, and the shock caved in 

the walls so that he was nearly buried alive.

The schoolhouse had a large brick chimney, and after the shake there 

A\ras not a whole brick left. Women ran out of their homes, nearly 

frightened to death; the chickens ran for cover as fast as they could, 

and the horses and cattle went tearing up or down the roads. An 

immense stone came tumbling down a mountain side and landed in 

among the pipe lines and tanks below, smashing things generally.

Strange to say, not one of the many huge derricks, which are from 

40 to 70 feet in height, was overturned, although thfey swayed in an 

alarming manner. The roads were filled with dirt and bowlders, and 

it required a great deal of work to make them passable again.

The motion in all the shocks was a swaying motion,.and the direction 

was from northwest to southeast.

An old and strong adobe house on what is Known as the middle Newhall ranch, northwest of .Newhall, was shaken completely down by one 

of the temblors.

It will take but one more heavy shake to depopulate the canyon, for 

the effect of the strain on the people's nerves is extremely severe.

April 6-8. ALBUQUERQUE, N. MEX. The inhabitants of the river 

towns south of the city are much alarmed over what they regard as 

the coming of a devastating earthquake. During the past forty-eight 

hours the earth has frequently shaken very distinctly. The depot at 

Las Lunas shook to such an extent early this morning that the agent 

tied in terror. The Indians living in the valley are also much excited, 

and, being naturally superstitious, fear that the earth is about to be 

rent asunder and their villages engulfed. No earth tremors have been 

felt here.

April 8. ALBUQUERQUE, N. MEX. Las Limas, Beliii, and several 

otliei' towns along the Rio Grand River are all in excitement over what 

appears to be a series of infantile earthquakes. Four shocks have been 

distinctly felt since Thursday. There was one this morning, attended 

by ominous rumbling underground and of three seconds' duration, 

during which time eight or ten vibrations were felt. Glass was broken, 

dishes rattled, and a few frame houses in the towns swayed as if shaken 

by a terrible windstorm.

April 13. HYDESVILLE. An earthquake shock was felt here at 

5 o'clock this morning. It was followed in fifteen minutes by another 

and severer shock, lasting fifteen seconds, and this was folio wed-in fifteen minutes by another heavy shock.

April 13. EUREKA. A light shock of earthquake was felt here this 

morning at 5:10. No damage.

April 21. SAN EAFAEL. A slight earthquake shock was felt here 

at 11:15 o'clock this evening. The vibrations were from north to south.

May 18. SANTA BARBARA. A distinct shock of earthquake was felt 

here at 4:35 o'clock this afternoon. Buildings shook so that the people
PEIUUNE.] EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. 17

in the second stories rau out. No dainage lias been reported. The 

vibrations were from northwest to southeast.

May 18. SATICOY. Three distinct shocks of earthquake were felt 

at this place at 4:36 this afternoon, lasting for forty-three seconds, with 

vibrations from north to south, causing dishes to rattle and hanging 

lamps to swing to and fro.

May 18. SAN PEDRO. Two distinct earthquake shocks of .about six 

seconds duration, from north to south, were felt here this afternoon 

at 4:35.

May 18. SANTA ANA. The earth quake at 4:25 this afternoon was 

one of the hardest ever felt here, but no damage was done. A few 

people above the ground floors started for the streets, but it was a 

momentary fright only.

May 18, LOMPOC, A shock of earthquake was felt here at 4 o'clock 

this afternoon. The vibrations seemed to be from east to west. No 

damage is reported.

May 18. VENTURA. A very distinct shock of earthquake was felt 

at 4:35 this afternoon, lasting about fifteen seconds. The oscillation 

was east and west. Many people ran out of their houses.

May 18. OAKLAND. Yesterday morning at 10:03 o'clock two severe 

shocks of earthquake were felt in Oakland. The buildings on Broadway were shaken quite hard, and some of the people ran into the street.

May 18. CARSON, NEV. The monthly review of the Nevada 

State Weather Service for May, 1893, reports a shock on May 18, at 

2:55 p. m. Mr. C. Mulholland reports from Los Angeles under date of 

May 18, as follows: "It is now 4:30 p. in., and an earthquake has just 

strongly shaken the building in which 1 am. Furniture in the room 

vibrated so much as first tp attract my attention. The motion appeared 

to be from west to east. There were several four to six short, jerky 

vibrations. Atmosphere still, sun shining brightly, no damage observable."

June 1. SANTA BARBARA. Santa Barbara felt another earthquake this morning about 4 o'clock, which lasted several seconds. It 

was considerably heavier than the one two weeks ago.

June 6. SAN FRANCISCO. " There was an earthquake yesterday inorning and either the pepple of the city show a decided tendency to exaggerate such incidents or the seismograph kept by Prof. George Davidson 

has a method of misrepresenting things peculiarly its own. The shock 

was felt alLover the city, but the little instrument which recorded it 

testified that it did not amount.to anything.

"It happened at 9:25 o'clock yesterday morning. Buildings shook, 

windows rattled, and men employed in down-town houses rushed out 

to see what it was all about. The city has not had a shock worth 

noticing in a long time, and that of yesterday reminded everybody 

within its walls that such affairs do come occasionally. 

2299 No. 114 2
18 EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. [BULL. 114.

"The shock was felt very differently by the people living in different 

parts of the city. On Telegraph Hill' and out on Pacific Heights it was 

felt very much more keenly than in the Mission and on lower ground.

" Its motion was from east to west. In consequence those houses with 

their longest length running in that direction felt it most. In Oakland 

it was considered to be more than usually severe, but it appeared to 

have materially spent its force when it reached this city.

" In the office of Prof. Davidson, in the Appraisers' building, a curious 

occurrence was noted. There were three men in the room. One was 

standing and facing west at the moment the shock came. The other 

two were sitting, one facing south, the other north. While the two 

men who were sitting felt the earthquake and thought it a severe one, 

the man standing did not feel it at all/'

The earth trembled only for two seconds.

June 6. ALAMEDA. Quite a shock of earthquake was felt in Alameda 

this morning, at about 9:30 o'clock.

June 18. SANTA EOSA. This city experienced a slight earthquake 

shock at 5 o'clock this morning. The vibrations were quite distinct, 

but no damage was done.

June 30. VALLEJO. Two pronounced earthquake shocks were felt 

this morning which created considerable excitement for the few moments they lasted. The first shock was felt at 5:30 o'clock, and was 

closely followed by the second shock, which awakened people and was 

accompanied by a distinct rumbling noise. The vibrations lasted about 

two minutes. No damage was done beyond the breaking of crockery.

Lieut. Pond, of the Naval Observatory, states that the shock was 

quite noticeable on Mare Island.

June 30. SAN EAFAEL. A heavy earthquake was felt at this place 

at 5:35 this morning; the shock lasted upward of seven seconds. The 

vibrations were from the north to the south. Some glassware in some 

of the hotels in and around town was broken.

June 30. PETALTJMA. A slight shock of earthquake was felt here 

at 5 o'clock this morning. The vibration was from, north to south and 

was of short duration.

June 26-30. The San Francisco Call of July 7 contains a story of 

terrible earthquake shocks and other calamities experienced on San 

Mcolas Island (one of the Santa Barbara group, off San Diego some 

70 miles) as brought by the captain of the steamer Jennie Griffin, but 

further investigation renders it very doubtful whether any great disturbance occurred.

July 12. ALBUQUERQUE, BT. MEX. Three shocks of earthquake that 

shook from west to east, every .house in the city and vicinity and 

'every movable article were distinctly felt here this mprning between 6 

and 7 o'clock. The chandeliers in the Commercial Club, a stone structure, rocked for at least ten minutes, and the early risers at the club 

became very much agitated. A number of clocks throughout the city
PERRINE.] EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. 19

stopped, and a lodger at one of the hotels became so frightened that 

he jumped out of bed and cried for help. The wave came from the west.

July 30. SAN FRANCISCO. An earthquake aroused many people 

about 1:30 o'clock yesterday morning. It was a short, sharp shock. 

The motion was from the southwest.

July 30. OAKLAND. Two, light earthquake shocks were felt in Oakland at about 1:30 o'clock this morning. The shocks followed in quick 

succession, with scarcely a second elapsing between them. No damage 

was done.

August 5. MOUNT HAMILTON. A very light shock of earthquake 

started the clock (only) of the Ewing seismograph at 9:16 p. m. and 

registered on the duplex as a very simple tracing of only one or two 

vibrations nearly east and west, the maximum amplitude of the tracing 

being 2< 5mw. It was not felt by anyone at the Lick Observatory.

August 9. SAN FRANCISCO. A sharp earthquake shock was felt at 

1:15 this morning. Messages by telephone from Santa Eosa and Sacramento state that it was quite severe in those places. So far as known 

no damage was done.

August 9. SAN DIEGO. Two slight shocks of earthquake were 

noticed by the local observer of the weather bureau to-day, one occurring at 11:02 a. m. and the other at 4:07 p. in.

August 9. ALAMEDA. Quite a sharp shock was felt at 1:15 a. m., 

Mr. Perrine's duplex seismograph giving a tracing 5mm in a northwest 

and southeast direction, and at right angles to this l-5mm.

August 9. PETALUMA. A lively shock of earthquake was felt in this 

city at 1:10 this morning, followed for some time afterwards by tremors. 

In all, six shocks were felt, the first one being the heaviest. It was the 

most severe felt here for years. The vibrations were north to south, and 

lasted fifteen seconds. No damage is reported, but several clocks 

stopped, plaster cracked, and crockery was thrown from the shelves. 

Many people were badly frightened.

August 9. SANTA EOSA. The severest earthquake felt here since 1868 

occurred this morning at 1:12 o'clock. The oscillations were apparently 

southeast and northwest. Considerable damage was done in the way of 

falling chimneys, broken windows, etc. The court-house was badly 

shaken up, and the plastering extensively damaged.

August 9. SONOMA. The residents of this valley were awakened at 1 

o'clock this morning, by a heavy shock of earthquake. The vibrations 

were from, east to west.

August 9. SAN EAFAEL. This morning at 1:10 o'clock, two severe 

earthquake shocks were felt here. The vibrations were from east to west. 

The second shock was the heaviest.

August 9. HEALDSBURG. A sharp shock, or rather three continuous 

shocks of earthquake, occurred here at 1:10 o'clock this morning. The 

sky which was clear was in a few minutes overcast Avith fog clouds 

something not witnessed here for several weeks, although usual in summer.
20 EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. [BULL.IH.

August 9. SAN FRANCISCO. Yesterday morning the Catholic 

churches of this city celebrated the feast of St. Emigdius. High 

mass was celebrated in the principal places of worship in honor of 

the day, with the especial object of obtaining the protection of St. 

Eniigdius and his prayers to Almighty God, asking for his protection 

against the calamity of earthquakes, for he is patron against such disastrous visitations.

This observance with high mass was introduced by Archbishop Alemany after the alarming earthquake which visited this city in 1808^ 

and has been celebrated in most of the Catholic churches in the United 

States since that time and received the sanction of the Pope.

At St. Mary's Cathedral the services were celebrated by Father 

Prendergast at 9 a. m. A large congregation was present and offered 

prayers to the holy saint. The father reviewed the life of St. Emigdius, 

showing the many godly deeds which had brought him to the light of 

Christ and made him the guiding star of his many followers. The choir, 

rendered excellent music, which added much to the grandeur and solemnity of the occasion.

August 12. MILLS COLLEGE. Prof. Josiah Keep sends a tracing of 

a slight but quite sharp disturbance recorded on his seismograph, at 

12:50 p. m. The record shows a displacement of the pen amounting 

to 5 mm.

August 12. ALAMEDA. A very light shock was felt about 12 in. 

Mr. Perrine's duplex seismograph gives a tracing of but a single vibration.

August 14. TOUTLE RIVER, WASHINGTON. Mr. Fred G. Plummer 

reports a disturbance as follows: "Earthquake observed August 14, 

1893, at 5: 07 a. in., at camp of my exploring party on Toutle River 

N. 40° W. 11 miles from summit of Mount St. Helens, Washington.

One sharp shock vertical about 1J inches. Distinct rumbling preceding for four seconds, near at hand toward the mountain."

September 1. GILROY. A sharp shock of earthquake occurred tonight at 11:20 o'clock. It was of several seconds' duration.

September 2. SAN JOSE. Mr. Colton reports that he felt a slight 

shock of earthquake shortly after 10 p. in., exact time not noted, 

while in his room at the St. James Hotel.

September 6. REDDING. Quite a severe shock of earthquake was 

felt here at 8:22 o'clock this morning, preceded b.y rumbling. It lasted 

several seconds and the vibration was north and south. No damage.

September 7. LAS LUNAS (N. MEX.) Central New Mexico, has been 

subject almost daily for more than 'three months to violent earthquakes. 

Five commotions Thursday, September 7, threw down a score of old 

adobe buildings already shaky from previous earthquakes. No lives 

were lost, but a peculiar feature is that there were numerous cases of 

nervous sickness, even convulsions, among the inhabitants as soon as 

the rumbling commenced. The center of the disturbance is Sabinal,
PERRINE.] EARTHQUAKES IN CALIFORNIA IN 1893. 21

where a spring has appeared in a place which always had been dry and 

barren.

September 28. MOUNT HAMILTON. Prof. Holden reports the time as 

0:20 a.m. Intensity II, Eossi-Forel scale. Mr. Oolton was awakened 

by the shock and reports "one slight shock," the time being 6:20:30 

a. in., Pacific slope time. The 'Duplex seismograph shows a slight mark 

of disturbance.

October 15. SANTA CRUZ. A severe shock of earthquake was felt 

at 5 o'clock this morning. The undulations were from west to east.

November 7. GUADALAJARA, MEXICO. A severe earthquake has 

occurred here during the past ten days. The Colima volcano is in a 

violent state of eruption, and people living at the base of the mountain 

have left their homes in search of a place of safety.

At the town of Americus the first severe shock did great damage to 

property, a,nd several persons were wounded by falling llOUSGS. The 

disturbance was felt in the States of Oaxaca, Puebla, Guerrero, Morelos, 

and Jalisco.

November 6. VICTORIA (B. C.) The steamer Topeka brings word 

from Alaska that there have been four earthquakes during the summer 

at St. Augustine Island (Chorna Borna), where the mountain is now 

emitting dense clouds of smoke, forewarning another eruption. The 

natives, remembering the devastation caused by the eruption, twelve 

years ago, are deserting the island in haste, abandoning all their interests. The last eruption rendered useless all existing charts of the 

neighboring waters, causing no fewer than five shipwrecks.

November 21. ;CAPISTR,ANO. A slight shock of earthquake was felt 

here to-night about 7:48 o'clock, which lasted only about two seconds, 

but made the buildings creak. Judging from the motion, of the swinging lamps, the vibrations must have been from west to east.

December 6. VICTORIA B. 0. An active volcano on the American 

side of the straits Avas one of the scenes witnessed by the passengers on 

the steamer Maud, which returned from Alberui to Victoria, British 

Columbia, yesterday.

December 12. LAKEPORT. Quite a severe earthquake was felt here 

at 3 o'clock this morning. The vibration was from west to east. No 

damage was done.

December 12. URIAH. This city experienced a sharp shock of earthquake at 3:15 o'clock this morning. The clocks in the public buildings 

Avere stopped. Vibrations were from south to north.

December 17. ONTARIO. Quite a sharp earthquake shock was felt 

here at 10:50 o'clock to-night.

December 18. EIVERSIDE. A slight shock of earthquake was felt 

here last night at 10:40 o'clock. The vibrations, which lasted only a 

few seconds, were from south to north. No damage was done.

NDRX.

EXPLANATORY.

Chrimologic record, .1893, 12. 

Ewing seismograph, 9. 

Instruments, 9. 

Intensity, differences of, 10,1.1,

Scale of measurements, 10. '

Seismograph, 9,10,12. 

Stations, 12.

PLACES. MENTIONED.

Alameda, 18,19,20.

Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1C, 18.

Capistrano, 21.

Carson,-Nov., 17.

DixoK, 12.

Eureka, 16.

Fail-field, 12.

Gilroy, 20.

Grass Ar alley, 12.

Guadalajara, Mexico. 21.

Healdsburg, 19.

Hydesvil]e,16.

Independence, 13.

Lakeport, 21.

Las Lunas, N. Mex., 20.

Lompoc, 17.

Lone Pine, 13.

Los Angeles, 13,14.

Mills College, 20.

Miutryvillo, 15.

Mojavo, 13.

Mount Hamilton, 9, II, 12, 19, 21.

iNowhall, 14,16.

Oakland, 17, 18, 19.

Ontario, 21.

Petaluma, 18,19.

Redding, 20.

Riverside, 21.

San Bernardino, lo.

San Diego, 13,19.

San Francisco, 17,19,20.

Sau Jose, 20.

Sail Pedro, 17.

San Rafael, 16,18,19.

Santa Ana, 13, .17.

Santa Barbara, 16,17.

Sautu Barbara group, 18.

Santa Cruz, 21.

Santa Rosa, 12,18,19.

Satieoy, 1.7.

Sonoma, 19.

Suisun, 12.

Toutle Hiver, 'Washington, 20.

Ukiah, 21.

Uinatilla, Oreg., 1'J.

Vjicavillc, 13.

Vallejo, 18.

Ventnra, 17.

ATict,oria, J{. C., 21.

Winters, 12.