487

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A book of this nature is indebted to numerous students of and contributors to the study of man’s

adaptation to war. Lieutenant General Charles Pixley, then the Surgeon General of the U.S. Army, assigned

the author and first editor (FDJ) to Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) in 1981, and his

successors, Lieutenant General Bernhard Mittemeyer, Lieutenant General Quinn Becker, Lieutenant

General Frank Ledford, and Lieutenant General Alcide LaNoue continued the assignments, making the

undertaking and development of the project possible. Brigadier General (then Colonel) Russ Zajtchuk

approached the editors in 1989 to request modification of the manuscript to enable the project to become

part of the Textbook of Military Medicine series. Donald Jenkins, Ph.D., of the Borden Institute, guided the

early efforts. His successor, Colonel Ronald Bellamy, M.D., saw the project to its completion.

The members of the Combat Stress Work Group (1981–1983) in the Department of Military Psychiatry

at WRAIR provided an atmosphere of inquiry and intellectual ferment. This group included many

distinguished foreign visitors (Colonel Pinchas Harris, Lieutenant Colonel Shabtai Noi, and Colonel

Reuven Gal, Ph.D., Israel; Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Nikic, M.D., Yugoslavia; Colonel Carlos Collazo,

M.D., Argentina; Brigadier General Olukayode Adelaja, M.D. and Major Bgenga Okulate, M.D., Nigeria;

General Louis Crocq, M.D., France; Lieutenant Colonel Yeng Hoi Fong, M.D., Chief Medical Officer,

Singapore Armed Forces; and others). Also contributing were former WRAIR members (the late Colonel

Albert Julius Glass, M.D.; the late David McK. Rioch, M.D.; Edwin Weinstein, M.D.; Colonel Frederick

Tyner, M.D.; Colonel Frederick Manning, Ph.D.; and Colonel Norman H. Camp, M.D.), and current

members of WRAIR (Colonel Gregory Belenky, M.D.; Fred Hegge, Ph.D.; and many others). Special thanks

are given for the contributions of the late William Datel, Ph.D., of WRAIR. Many of the ideas presented are

distilled from their knowledge and experience.

We are particularly indebted to David Marlowe, Ph.D., Chief, Department of Military Psychiatry,

WRAIR, for providing support through the many years of this project. He shared with us numerous

educational experiences, not the least of which were his own spirited exegeses of complex material, and also

reviewed some of the productions. In a similar vein, Colonel Frederick Manning, Ph.D.; Lieutenant Colonel

(Ret) Faris Kirkland, Ph.D.; and Colonel Larry Ingraham, Ph.D. applied their considerable analytical skills

to the material.

We were fortunate to have the assistance of Colonel Robert Gifford, Ph.D., and Major Elias Nimmer,

Ph.D., who provided us with superb administrative support necessary to keep the project viable. We also

owe thanks to the many individuals who reviewed drafts, suggested resource materials, and, in general,

gave us the support necessary to complete this project: Colonel David Armitage, M.D.; Colonel (Ret)

Kenneth Artiss, M.D.; Colonel (Ret) Mike Bain, M.D.; Colonel (Ret) Stewart Baker, M.D.; Doug Bey, M.D.;

Colonel James Collins, M.D.; Colonel (Ret) Manuel Febo, M.D.; Don Ferguson, Ph.D.; Colonel Richard

Fragala, M.D.; Lieutenant Colonel (Ret) Terry Fullerton, Ph.D.; Colonel (Ret) Harry Holloway, M.D.;

Colonel (Ret) Steve Hursh, Ph.D.; Colonel (Ret) Craig Llewellyn, M.D.; Colonel (Ret) Matt Parrish, M.D.;

Colonel Norman Ream, M.D.; Major E. Cameron Ritchie, M.D.; the late Major General James Rumbaugh,

M.D.; and Captain (Ret) Robert Strange, M.D. We also wish to thank Mrs. Ann Robinson for her clerical

assistance, Mr. Rich Howard for his assistance in locating library materials, and Mr. Verne Schwartz of the

U.S. Army Center for Military History for his assistance with locating the artwork featured in this volume.

And finally, thanks to those who provided graphics support for the project: Charles Hoover, Joe Fritz, and

Helen Sing.

Despite the debt owed to these colleagues, the authors and editors are solely responsible for any

erroneous interpretation or misuse of data. We hope that the fruit of these labors is a document that is both

lucid and fluent.

—The Specialty Editors