N O T FO R PUB L ICAT IO N UNITED STATES C OUR T OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH C IR C UIT

UNITED STATES OF AM ER IC A,

Pla i ntiff-Appe lle e ,
v. M AR TIN IB AR R

A-OZUNA, De fe nda n t-Appe l la

nt. No. 20-10412

D.C . No. 2:18-c r-00076-DLR -1

M EM O R ANDUM *

Appe a l from

the Unite d

Sta t e s Distric t C ourt for the Distric t of Ariz o na Dougla s L. R a y e s , Distric t Judge , Pre siding Subm itte d Fe brua

ry 9, 2022 ** Phoe nix, Ariz ona B e fore : M UR GUIA, C h i e f Judge , G RA BE R, C i rc uit Judge , a nd FITZW ATER , *** Distric t Judge

. De fe nda nt M a rtin Iba rra - O zu n a (“ Iba rra -Oz una ” ) c ha lle n ge s t he de nia l of his 

# F IL ED
FEB 23 2022 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U

. S. CO URT O F APPEALS

* This disposition is not ap p r op r i at e for public a tion a nd is not pre c e de nt e xc e pt a s provide d

by Ninth C irc uit R

ule 36-3.

* * T h e p an el u n an i m o u sl y co n cl u d es t h i s cas e i s s u i tab l e for de c isio n without ora l a

rgum e nt. Se e Fe d. R . App. P. 34(a )(2).

* ** The Honora

ble Sidne y A. Fitz wa t e r, Unite d Sta t e s Distric t Judge for the Northe rn Distric t of Te xa s, sitting by de signa tion.m otions to suppre s s a nd his se n te nc e . W e r ev i ew d e n ov o the distric t c ourt’ s ruling on the m ot i o n s t o s u

p p r e s s , a n d we re vie w for c le a r e rror the distric t c ourt’ s findings of fa c t. Unite d S

tate s v. E va n s , 7 8 6 F.3d 7 79, 784 (9th C ir. 2 015). W e re vie w the distric t c ourt’ s c onstruc tion of the Unite d Sta te s Se nte nc ing G u ide line s de nov o a n d

re vie w for c le a r e rror its supporting fa c tua l f i ndings for the role a djustm e nt. Unite d State s v . Holde n , 908 F.3d 395, 401 (9th C ir. 2018). W e a ffirm his c onvic t i ons,
va c a te his se nte nc e , a nd re m a nd for re s e nte nc ing. 1. The d i stric t co urt did not e rr in holding that De te c tive Luna ha d proba ble

c a u s e t o s t o p a

n d s e a r c h I ba rra -Oz una ’ s ve h i c l e b a s e d o n t h e c o l l e c t i v e k

n o w l e d g e o f la w e nforc e m e nt. The c olle c tive knowle dge d oc t r i ne a llows c o urts to im pute the

co l l ect i ve k

nowle dge o f inve stiga

t ing offic e rs to the o ffic e r who c onduc ts the stop,

s ea rc h, o r a rre st. Unite d State s v . V illase nor , 608 F.3d 467, 475 (9th Ci r . 2 0 1 0 )

. T h e r e i s a m p l e e v i d e n c e i n

t h e r e c o r d o f t h e s u p p r e s s i o n h e a r i n g t h a t t h e i n v e s t i g a

t i n g offic e rs ha d de ve lope d proba ble c a use t o s t o p a

n d s e a r c h I b a r r a - Oz una ’ s ve h ic le a n d that the y ha d c om

m unic a te d a re que st to D et ect i v e L una to stop a n d inve stiga te the

ve hic le

. Se e Unite d States v . Ramire z , 4 73 F.3d 1026, 1032–33 (9th C ir. 2007);

- 2 -Unite d

State s v . May o , 394 F.3d 1271, 1273, 1275 n.7 (9th C ir. 2005). 1 2. W h e n e xpla ining t

h at I ba rra -Oz una did not qua lify for the sa fe ty va lve

a djustm e nt be c a

use he wa s a “ m a na ge r” a nd “ supe rvisor,” the distric t c ourt m a de thre e c le a rly

e rrone ous fa c tua l findings. F ir s t , t h e p ar tie s (a

nd we ) a gre e t

ha t the distric t c ourt’ s finding t ha t Ib ar r aOz una pla nne d a c o c o n s p i r a

t o r ’ s t r ip from southe rn Ariz ona

la c ks a ny support in the

re c o rd. This finding is c le a rly e rrone ous. Se c ond, the distric t c o urt c le a r l y e rre d in finding that Iba rra -Oz una e ve r

“ dire c te d” Fla

b i o Ga x i ola to m e e t him a t a ny lo cat i on . At m ost, t he c a lls be twe e n Ga xiola a nd Iba rra -Oz una re fle c t t ha t Iba rra -Ozu na t o l d G a xiola whe re he wa s or whe n he would m e e t Ga xiola a t the m a l l, a

n d the p a r t i e s w e r e c oordina

t ing the e xa c t

m e e ting loc a tions. Third, the distric t c ourt c le a rly e rre d in finding that Iba rra -Oz una pla nne d l o g i s t i c s f or othe rs. W hile the re is e v ide nc e tha t Iba rra -Oz una

di s c u s s e d t

h e l o c a t i o n of othe r p a rtie s, the re c ord de m onstra te s that Iba rra -Oz una ’ s disc ussions of logistic s
re la te d only

to the de ta i l s a

n d p l a n n i n g o f h i s o w n t r i p s , m e e tings, or drug de live rie s.

1 An inve stiga

ting offic e r’ s proba

ble c a use ba se d on the inform a tion le a rne d in his i nve s tiga

t ion is im pute d to the a rre sting offic e r without the ne e d to c om m unic a te a ll of the inform a tion known t o t he inve stiga

ting offic e r. Ramire

z , 473 F.3d a t 1037. - 3 -B e c a

u s e t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ba se d the “ m a n a ge r” or “ supe r v i s o r ” r o l e a d

j u s t m e n t

on se v e ra l fa c tua l findings that a re c le a rly e rrone ous, we va c a te Iba rra -Oz una ’ s
s e nte nc e a nd re m a nd for re s e n te nc ing. S e e , e .g. , Unite d State

s v . Harris , 999 F.3d 1233, 1238 (9th C ir. 2021). AFFIRM E D in par t, V ACAT E D in par t, and RE M ANDE D f or

r e se nte nc ing.

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