NUMBER 13-13-00161-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

FRED HOFFMAN, Appellant,

v.

KANDI TORRES, ET. AL., Appellees.

On appeal from the 343rd District Court

of Aransas County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Benavides, Perkes, and Longoria

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria

By one issue, appellant Fred Hoffman III, an inmate proceeding pro se, appeals 

the trial court’s order dismissing his suit against appellees1for frivolousness and for 

 

1

Appellees are a group of named and unnamed employees of the Texas Department of Criminal 

McConnell Justice Unit in Beeville, Texas, where appellant is incarcerated. The full list of appellees is: 

Kandi Torres, K. Collins, Teresa Myers, Jennifer Sellers, “Jane and John Does of the McConnell Unit 

Mailroom,” “Jane and John Does of the Director’s Review Committee” of the McConnell Unit, Oliver Bell, 

Brad Livingston, and the “Mail System Coordinator Panel” of the same unit. The trial court dismissed 
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failure to comply with Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See 

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §§ 14.001–.014 (West 2002). We affirm. 

I. BACKGROUND

Appellant, an inmate in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice McConnell Unit 

in Beeville, Texas, filed suit alleging that appellees: (1) conspired to steal and actually 

stole stamps from him; (2) “denied” appellant legal papers and photographs that were 

mailed to him; (3) failed to process and respond to his grievances; (4) retaliated against 

appellant for making use of the grievance system; and (5) fraudulently made false 

statements on “denial forms.” Appellant argued that these actions violated his right to 

freedom of speech and constituted fraud and conspiracy to commit fraud, retaliation, 

“vigilante discrimination,” theft and conspiracy to commit theft, official oppression, and 

violation of the federal RICO law. 

The trial court requested and received an amicus curiae brief from the Office of 

the Texas Attorney General. See id. § 14.009. The Attorney General recommended 

that appellant’s lawsuit be dismissed on multiple grounds, including frivolousness and 

failure to comply with multiple provisions of Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and 

Remedies Code. See id. §§ 14.001–.014. This appeal followed.2

 

appellant’s suit before any of the appellees were served. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 

14.003(a) (West 2002) (allowing for dismissal of a claim brought under chapter 14 “either before or after 

service of process”). 

2

The Attorney General again filed an amicus curiae brief in this Court recommending that we 

affirm the trial court’s order.
3

II. ANALYSIS

A. Jurisdiction

The State, acting as amicus, raises the possibility that this Court does not 

possess jurisdiction over this appeal because appellant’s notice of appeal was filed 

more than thirty days after the trial court signed the judgment. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1 

(stating a notice of appeal must be filed within thirty days after the final judgment is 

signed). 

The Texas Supreme Court has adopted a “prisoner mailbox rule” under which a

prisoner’s petition is deemed “filed” on the date when “the prison authorities duly receive 

the document to be mailed.” Warner v. Glass, 135 S.W.3d 681, 684 (Tex. 2004); see 

Ramos v. Richardson, 228 S.W.3d 671, 673 (Tex. 2007) (extending the “prisoner 

mailbox rule” to inmate litigation that is not subject to Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil 

Practice and Remedies Code). The inmate has the burden of providing “some measure 

of proof” of the date he turned his pleading over to the prison authorities. Enriquez v. 

Livingston, 400 S.W.3d 610, 621–22 (Tex. App.—Austin 2013, pet. denied) (citing 

Ramos, 228 S.W.3d at 673). The Texas Supreme Court has in the past accepted 

statements contained in the certificate of service as adequate proof. Id. 

The district court signed the final judgment in this case on February 5, 2013, 

making appellant’s notice of appeal due March 6, 2013. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1. 

Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed with this Court on March 18, 2013, the day that it 

was received. Appellant stated in his certificate of service that he mailed his notice of 

appeal to this Court on March 4 “via U.S. mail, postage prepaid.” Appellant, therefore, 

provided “some measure of proof” of the date he mailed his petition by stating the date 
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of mailing in the certificate of service. See Enriquez, 400 S.W.3d at 621–22. The State

does not contest the statement in appellant’s certificate of service. Accordingly, we 

conclude that we do possess jurisdiction over this appeal. See id. 

B. Dismissal of Appellant’s Suit

By one issue, appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion by 

dismissing his petition because the trial court did not list the specific ways in which 

appellant’s petition did not comply with chapter 14 and did not permit appellant an 

opportunity to remedy the defects in his petition.

1. Standard of Review and Applicable Law

Litigation in which an inmate files an affidavit or unsworn declaration of inability to 

pay costs, as in this case, “is governed by special procedural rules set out in chapter 

fourteen of the civil practice and remedies code.” Thomas v. Knight, 52 S.W.3d 292, 

294 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2003, pet. denied); see TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE 

ANN. §§ 14.001–.014. We review a dismissal of an inmate lawsuit brought under 

chapter 14 for abuse of discretion. Thomas, 52 S.W.3d. at 294. “To establish abuse of 

discretion, the complaining party must show that the trial court’s action was arbitrary or 

unreasonable in light of all of the circumstances of the case.” Id. A trial court does not 

abuse its discretion by failing to state in its order the specific grounds for dismissing a 

case for noncompliance with chapter 14. Retzlaff v. Tex. Dep’t of Criminal Justice, 94 

S.W.3d 650, 654 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet denied); Amir-Sharif v. 

Quarterman, No. 13-09-00504-CV, 2010 WL 3279501, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 

Aug. 19, 2010, pet. denied) (mem. op.). 
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Inmates must receive a decision from the “highest authority” in the prison 

grievance system before filing a claim in state court. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. 

§ 501.008(d) (West 2004). Furthermore, an inmate must file a claim in state court 

“before the 31st day after the date the inmate receives the written decision from the 

grievance system.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 14.005(b). “A suit that is not 

timely filed pursuant to Section 14.005(b) is barred and may be dismissed with 

prejudice.” Simmon v. Harrison, 387 S.W.3d 812, 814–15 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2012, 

no pet.); see Moreland v. Johnson, 95 S.W.3d 397, 395 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 

2002, no pet.).

2. Discussion

Appellant argues that the trial court erred by not listing the specific defects in 

appellant’s original petition and by not giving him an opportunity to amend.

Regarding the first part of appellant’s issue, the trial court does not abuse its 

discretion by failing to describe in its order specifically how an inmate’s petition does not 

comply with chapter 14. Retzlaff, 94 S.W.3d at 654; Amir-Sharif, 2010 WL 3279501, at 

*3. Regarding the second part of appellant’s issue, a trial court could abuse its 

discretion by failing to give an opportunity to amend, but only if the defects in the 

petition were correctable. See Leachman v. Dretke, 261 S.W.3d 297, 306 (Tex. App.—

Fort Worth 2008, no pet.) (op. on reh’g). Appellant filed seven grievance forms with his 

original petition, but the additional grievances do not raise any issues that were not 

raised in the first Step One and Step Two forms.3 Accordingly, we will determine if 

 

3

Appellant alleged in one of his subsequent grievances that the mailroom staff again stole a set 

of stamps that appellant placed in a letter that he mailed to his fiancée. The response on the Step Two 

form states that the mailroom had discovered the stamps and returned them, and appellant does not 

contest that fact here. 
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appellant timely filed his claim from the dates of his original grievance forms. See TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 14.005(b) (providing that a court “shall” dismiss a claim if the 

inmate fails to file it within thirty-one days after “the inmate receives the written decision 

from the grievance system”).

Appellant’s original Step Two Grievance Form is marked as having been 

returned to him on May 17, 2012. Under chapter 14, appellant was required to file his 

claim with the district court within thirty-one days, which in this case fell on June 17, 

2012. See id. Appellant stated that his original petition was mailed on July 3, 2012, 

sixteen days after the deadline. If an inmate’s claim is not filed within the time limit in 

section 14.005(b), the trial court “has no discretion but to dismiss the lawsuit.” Lewis v. 

Johnson, 97 S.W.3d 885, 888 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2003, no pet.). Because the 

chapter 14 defect in appellant’s lawsuit could not be remedied, we conclude that the 

court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing appellant’s lawsuit. See id.; see also 

Simmon, 387 S.W.3d at 814–15; Moreland, 95 S.W.3d at 395.

Appellant’s issue is overruled. 

III. CONCLUSION

We affirm the order of the trial court. 

______________________

NORA L. LONGORIA

Justice

Delivered and filed the

26th day of September, 2013.