No. DA 06-0388 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 

2007 MT 130 

YELLOWSTONE COUNTY, JAMES RENO 

and DWIGHT VIGNESS, 

Petitioners and Respondents, 

v. 

ROBERTA DREW, 

Respondent and Appellant, 

 and 

MONTANA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION, 

 Respondent. 

APPEAL FROM: The District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, 

In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DV 2005-0512, 

Honorable David Cybulski, Presiding Judge 

COUNSEL OF RECORD: 

For Appellant: 

 Timothy C. Kelly, Kelly Law Office, Emigrant, Montana 

For Respondents Yellowstone County, James Reno and Dwight Vigness: 

Calvin J. Stacey, Stacey and Funyak, PC., Billings, Montana 

 For Respondent Montana Human Rights Commission: 

 Marieke Beck, Special Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana 

Submitted on Briefs: December 13, 2006 

 Decided: June 5, 2007 
Filed: 

__________________________________________ 

Clerk 

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Justice Patricia O. Cotter delivered the Opinion of the Court. 

¶1 Following administrative proceedings and the ensuing Human Rights Commission 

(HRC) decision stemming from a claim by Roberta Drew that Yellowstone County and 

two county commissioners, James Reno and Dwight Vigness, had discriminated against 

her in a hiring decision, Drew appealed certain aspects of the decision of the HRC to the 

First Judicial District Court for Lewis and Clark County in Helena, Montana. Shortly 

thereafter, Yellowstone County and the two Commissioners appealed other aspects of the 

HRC decision to the Thirteenth Judicial District Court for Yellowstone County, Montana. 

The Thirteenth Judicial District Court ordered that the two appeals be consolidated and 

presided over by the First Judicial District Court in Lewis and Clark County. Drew 

appeals. We vacate and remand. 

ISSUE 

¶2 A restatement of the issue on appeal is whether the Thirteenth Judicial District 

Court, Yellowstone County, erred in ordering consolidation in Lewis and Clark County 

of Petitions for Judicial Appeal filed there and in Yellowstone County. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 

Administrative Proceedings 

¶3 In November 2002 when Roberta Drew was the chief deputy public defender for 

Yellowstone Country in Billings, Montana, Drew applied for the vacant position of 

interim chief public defender for the County. Subsequently a male was selected to fill the 

position. In December 2002 Drew filed a Charge of Discrimination with the State of 

Montana Department of Labor and Industry (DOLI) alleging that Yellowstone County 

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and two county commissioners, James Reno and Dwight Vigness (hereinafter collectively 

referred to as Yellowstone County or the County), had unlawfully discriminated against 

her. She maintained in her Petition that the County had denied her an equal employment 

opportunity based on her gender and political ideas. In July 2003 DOLI notified Drew 

that her charges would proceed to a contested case hearing. The parties stipulated to 

extended departmental jurisdiction. 

¶4 The contested case hearing was held over several days between February and May 

2004. On November 5, 2004, DOLI issued its Final Agency Decision in which it found 

in favor of Drew on some issues and in favor of the County on others. The County 

appealed and Drew cross-appealed DOLI’s ruling to the Montana Human Rights 

Commission (HRC or the Commission), a quasi-judicial board responsible for hearing 

appeals of final agency decisions by DOLI. On April 18, 2005, the Commission affirmed 

DOLI’s final decision. 

¶5 On April 20, 2005, Drew filed a Petition for Judicial Review in the First Judicial 

District Court for Lewis and Clark County in Helena, Montana. Thereafter, on May 10, 

2005, Yellowstone County filed a Petition for Judicial Review in the Thirteenth Judicial 

District Court for Yellowstone County. In an effort to minimize the confusion 

occasioned by the dual pendency of proceedings in two different counties, we recount 

below by county—rather than by overall chronology—the proceedings which took place 

in the district courts. 

Proceedings in First Judicial District Court, Lewis and Clark County

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¶6 In addition to filing its petition for review with the Thirteenth Judicial District 

Court on May 10, 2005, Yellowstone County also filed a response to Drew’s Petition for 

Judicial Review in Lewis and Clark County. It denied the allegations contained in 

Drew’s Petition and requested a scheduling conference for briefing deadlines and an oral 

argument date. In the meantime, Drew had filed a motion in Yellowstone County to 

change venue of the County’s Yellowstone County proceedings to Lewis and Clark 

County. On September 21, 2005, the First Judicial District Court acknowledged the 

change of venue motion pending in Yellowstone County and ordered a scheduling 

conference for December 5, 2005. 

¶7 On May 4, 2006,1

 the First Judicial District Court for Lewis and Clark County 

issued its Order on Drew’s Petition for Judicial Review. The Lewis and Clark District 

Court noted that Drew did not challenge HRC’s factual findings but raised two legal 

issues only: (1) whether she was entitled to fees and costs for a specific segment of the 

administrative proceedings; and (2) whether the hearing examiner erred by failing to 

issue a statutorily-required injunction against the individual commissioners Reno and 

Vigness. The Lewis and Clark court remanded the issue of attorney fees and costs to the 

hearing officer for further proceedings with instructions to develop appropriate factual 

findings and legal conclusions. The court also granted Drew’s request for a modification 

of the final HRC Order by amending the Order to include a statutory injunction against 

 

1 As indicated below, while the Thirteenth Judicial District Court issued its consolidation order in 

February 2006, the First Judicial District Court did not reference in its May 2006 Order the 

consolidation order or the facts and issues presented in the Thirteenth Judicial District Court 

proceedings. 

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Reno and Vigness. On May 31, 2006, Yellowstone County appealed the Lewis and Clark 

District Court Order to this Court. In July 2006 we dismissed the appeal without 

prejudice stating that it was premature because the matter had been remanded to the 

hearing officer. We note that with the exception of Drew’s Petition, the County’s request 

for a scheduling hearing, and the court’s order, the record of the First Judicial District 

Court proceeding is not before us; therefore, we make no determinations based on the 

contents of that record or the arguments presented in the documents therein. 

Proceedings in Thirteenth Judicial District Court, Yellowstone County 

¶8 On May 10, 2005, in addition to responding to Drew’s Lewis and Clark District 

Court petition for review of HRC order, the County filed a Petition for Judicial Review of 

the same HRC order in the Thirteenth Judicial District Court for Yellowstone County in 

Billings. On May 14, 2005, Drew moved the Yellowstone County District Court for an 

order changing the venue of the County’s appeal to Lewis and Clark County. In the 

alternative, she sought dismissal of the County’s petition for review in the Thirteenth 

Judicial District Court. The County opposed Drew’s motion. Neither party asked the 

Yellowstone County District Court to consolidate the two separate appeals; however, the 

District Court sua sponte requested that the parties brief the issue of consolidation. The 

County complied and argued that consolidation was inappropriate because it was 

presenting different issues on appeal than did Drew in her First Judicial District Court 

appeal. Drew respectfully declined to brief the consolidation issue and instead requested 

a ruling on her motion for a change of venue.

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¶9 In February 2006 the Thirteenth Judicial District Court consolidated both appeals 

and held that because the first petition in time was filed by Drew in Helena, the 

consolidated cases would go forward in the First Judicial District Court. In early April 

2006 Drew filed a timely appeal to this Court on the ground that the Thirteenth Judicial 

District Court erred in failing to rule on her motion for a change of venue or for 

dismissal. 

¶10 We vacate the Thirteenth Judicial District Court’s order and remand the matter 

with instructions to the Thirteenth Judicial District Court to grant Drew’s motion for a 

change of venue of the County’s appeal to the First Judicial District Court. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW 

¶11 In the case before us, the Thirteenth Judicial District Court interpreted and applied 

M. R. Civ. P. 42(a) (Rule 42(a)) providing for consolidation of actions. We review a 

district court’s interpretation and application of a procedural rule de novo. State v. 

Mizenko, 2006 MT 11, ¶ 8, 330 Mont. 299, ¶ 8, 127 P.3d 458, ¶ 8 (citation omitted).

DISCUSSION 

¶12 As noted above, Drew filed a charge of discrimination with DOLI against 

Yellowstone County, Reno and Vigness. Upon issuance of DOLI’s ruling, the County 

sought review by the Human Rights Commission. Drew also appealed the agency ruling, 

seeking modification of certain conclusions of law. When HRC affirmed DOLI’s ruling, 

Drew immediately sought review by the Lewis and Clark County District Court, 

challenging those legal rulings which she had sought unsuccessfully to modify. The 

County sought a review of its own in Yellowstone County, challenging all factual 

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findings and legal conclusions that were adverse to it and favorable to Drew, including 

the award of damages to Drew and the agency’s imposition of injunctive relief against 

Yellowstone County. 

¶13 Review of administrative decisions is authorized under the Montana 

Administrative Procedure Act (MAPA). Under § 2-4-702(2)(a), MCA, a party seeking 

review of an administrative decision must file his or her petition within 30 days after the 

agency’s written decision is rendered and must file it in the district court for the county 

where the petitioner resides or has his or her principal place of business, or where the 

relevant agency maintains its principal office. Because Drew chose to designate HRC as 

a respondent in her case on appeal rather than just Yellowstone County, she had her 

choice of two venues under § 2-4-702(2)(a), MCA—Yellowstone County where she 

resides, or Lewis and Clark County where HRC maintains its principal office. Drew 

chose Lewis and Clark County and timely filed her petition for review on April 20, 2005. 

Subsequently, the County also sought review of HRC’s ruling by filing a timely Petition 

for Judicial Review in the Yellowstone County District Court. The County 

acknowledged that Lewis and Clark County was a proper venue for Drew’s Petition but 

argued that its Petition justified a separate appeal in a proper district court of its choice 

because it presented different issues from those presented in Drew’s Petition. The 

Yellowstone County District Court disagreed and consolidated the appeals in Lewis and 

Clark County. 

¶14 Consolidation of cases is governed by Rule 42(a), which provides that when 

actions involving a common question of law or fact are pending before the court, the 

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court “may order a joint hearing or trial of any or all the matters in issue in the actions; it 

may order all the actions consolidated; and it may make such orders concerning 

proceedings therein as may tend to avoid unnecessary costs or delay.” While we have 

had numerous occasions to address Rule 42(a) consolidations, we have never addressed 

the consolidation of cases filed in separate district courts but involving the same parties, 

the same facts, and the same underlying administrative ruling on appeal. Therefore, we 

must determine whether Rule 42(a) contemplates consolidation of cases pending in 

separate district courts. Lacking Montana precedent and recognizing that our Rule 42 is 

identical to Federal Rule 42, we look to federal case law for guidance. Hafner v. Conoco, 

Inc., 268 Mont. 396, 402, 886 P.2d 947, 950-51 (citation omitted). 

¶15 In Swindell-Dressler Corporation v. Dumbauld, 308 F.2d 267 (3rd Cir. 1962), the 

court stated, “[a]nd finally, we are of the view that a cause of action pending in one 

jurisdiction cannot be consolidated with a cause of action pending in another jurisdiction. 

Rule 42(a), Fed.R.Civ.Proc., 28 U.S.C., will not permit such a course. The cases to be 

consolidated must be ‘pending before the court.’” Swindell-Dressler, 308 F.2d at 273. 

This position is widely held by other federal courts as well. See Oregon Egg Producers 

v. Andrews, 458 F.2d 382 (9th Cir. 1972); National Equipment Rental, Ltd. v. Fowler, 287 

F.2d 43, 47 (2d Cir. 1961); Town of Warwick v. New Jersey Dept of Environmental, 647 

F. Supp. 1322, 1324-25 (S.D.N.Y. 1986); Silver v. Goodman, 234 F. Supp. 415, 416 (D. 

Conn. 1964); and Figg and Muller Engineers, Inc. v. Petruska, 477 N.E. 2d 968, 970 

(Ind. App. 1985). 

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¶16 The Washington Supreme Court was also faced for the first time with the question 

of whether a “superior court may consolidate cases pending in different counties” under 

its consolidation rule. American Mobile Homes v. Seattle-First, 796 P.2d 1276 (Wash. 

1990). It noted that its rule, Washington Court Rule 42(a) (CR 42(a)), was identical to 

the federal rule. The Washington court thus explained: 

[CR 42(a)] provides the procedure for consolidation of cases “pending 

before the court.” Only if the various counties’ superior courts are viewed 

as a single superior court of the State of Washington would cases pending 

in superior courts of different counties be “pending before the court,” thus 

authorizing consolidation under CR 42(a). . . . Under the language of the 

constitution and the statutes, there is no single superior court. Actions 

pending before the superior courts of different counties are not “pending 

before the court.” (Emphasis in original). 

American Mobile Homes, 796 P.2d at 1279. We find the logic of these cases persuasive. 

Therefore, we conclude that the Thirteenth Judicial District Court was not authorized to 

consolidate the County’s Petition for Judicial Review filed in Yellowstone County with 

Drew’s Petition for Judicial Review filed in Lewis and Clark County. We therefore 

vacate the District Court’s consolidation order. 

¶17 Having vacated the court’s consolidation order, we turn now to the motion Drew 

filed before the Yellowstone County District Court, requesting a change of venue or 

dismissal. First, we must decline to address Drew’s argument that dismissal of the 

Yellowstone County proceedings was appropriate based on the County’s failure to file a 

compulsory counterclaim under M. R. Civ. P. 13(a) (Rule 13(a)) in the Lewis and Clark 

District Court. As noted above, the record of Drew’s appeal before the First Judicial 

District Court, Lewis and Clark County, is not before us and therefore we have no record 

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of what pleadings were or were not filed there. However, it is unnecessary to address 

Drew’s dismissal argument because we resolve this matter on the change of venue issue. 

¶18 Section 25-2-201, MCA, establishes when a change of venue is required. It 

provides:

The court or judge must, on motion, change the place of trial in the 

following cases: 

(1) when the county designated in the complaint is not the proper county; 

(2) when there is reason to believe that an impartial trial cannot be had 

therein; 

(3) when the convenience of witnesses and the ends of justice would be 

promoted by the change. 

¶19 We acknowledge the County’s argument that the two appeals filed in the two 

district courts raise separate and distinct issues, but such is true in virtually every appeal 

and cross-appeal situation. We therefore conclude that the situation before us should be 

resolved in much the same way as an appeal and cross-appeal are handled in this Court—

i.e., all matters should be addressed by one court and under one cause number, thus 

eliminating the prospect of conflicting rulings by two separate courts. Such an approach 

will serve “the ends of justice.” As we noted in Nutter v. Permian Corp., 224 Mont. 72, 

727 P.2d 1338 (1986), a court must change venue under § 25-2-201(3), MCA, when 

separate cases create the “possibility of conflicting results, multiple actions and duplicate 

trials.” 

¶20 Given that the First Judicial District Court has reviewed the matter to the degree 

necessary to render a ruling on the two legal issues raised in Drew’s Petition and has 

remanded one of the legal issues to the agency, it clearly is familiar with the case and is 

in a position to determine the merits of the issues raised by both parties once the remand 

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proceedings are concluded. Moreover, there is nothing in the record to indicate that 

Yellowstone County will be prejudiced by this change of venue. We fully recognize that 

the result achieved here is the same for all practical purposes as that achieved by a 

consolidation of the cases. Nonetheless, because the District Court was without authority 

to order the consolidation of two cases pending in separate courts, we deem it necessary 

to correct such error in lieu of affirming on a right result-wrong rationale basis.

CONCLUSION 

¶21 For the foregoing reasons and in the interests of judicial economy, we vacate the 

District Court’s order of consolidation and remand the matter to the Thirteenth Judicial 

District Court with instructions to grant Drew’s motion for a change of venue to the First 

Judicial District Court. 

/S/ PATRICIA COTTER 

 

We Concur: 

/S/ JOHN WARNER 

/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART 

/S/ BRIAN MORRIS 

/S/ JIM RICE 

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