U.S. Department of Justice

Office of Justice Programs

National Institute of Justice

Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey: 

A National Study of Automated Fingerprint 

Information Systems (AFIS) Maintained 

by Law Enforcement Agencies

Summary Reporting of Data Provided by Responding Agencies

August 2014
1 

Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey:

A National Study of Automated Fingerprint Information 

Systems (AFIS) Maintained by Law Enforcement Agencies

Summary Reporting of Data Provided by Responding Agencies

August 2014 

Mark Persinger

ManTech Advanced Systems International

Fairmont, WV

Lars Ericson, Ph.D.

ManTech Advanced Systems International

Fairmont, WV

Mark Greene, Ph.D.*

National Institute of Justice

Washington, DC 

*Corresponding Author

Phone: (202) 307-3384 

Email: mark.greene@ojp.usdoj.gov 
2 

Executive Summary

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded the Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey 

(LFIOS), a comprehensive effort to provide a way to establish the level of interoperability of 

automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) maintained by state and local law 

enforcement agencies in the United States for the electronic exchange of latent fingerprint data to 

support criminal investigations. The survey was sent to law enforcement agencies with an AFIS 

in 51 state jurisdictions, including the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and local 

jurisdictions. 

Each participating agency responded to a core questionnaire with 272 questions divided into ten 

sections according to topic, such as AFIS vendor information, tenprint and palm print records, 

latent records, and search characteristics. In addition, state agencies responded to an addendum 

questionnaire of 58 questions geared to state agencies, while local agencies responded to an 

addendum questionnaire with 65 questions geared to local agencies. The data collection period 

lasted a little over a year from late January 2013 to January 31, 2014. At the conclusion of data 

collection, a total of 48 state agencies responded, with 1 state partially responding with some 

information. A total of 78 local agencies responded with 8 partially responding. 

This report provides a summary of the results of the Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey

without any agency-specific identifiers associated with the data. It does not provide any 

particular findings or specific recommendations related to fingerprint database interoperability, 

but rather it accelerates the availability of the survey results and data to the forensics community. 

The content and process of developing and fielding the data collection instrument are described. 

Every question of the data collection instrument is listed with the aggregate results presented for 

each. It is anticipated that the data set associated with LFIOS will be made publicly available on 

the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) in 2015.
3 

Acknowledgments

The NIJ Sensor, Surveillance, and Biometric Technologies (SSBT) Center of Excellence (CoE), 

operated by ManTech Advanced Systems International under NIJ award 2010-IJ-CX-K024, 

played a major role in conducting the Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey. The CoE 

assisted NIJ in the development and pretesting of the data collection instrument. It also 

developed the online version of the data collection instrument that captured the data reported 

here, performed outreach to law enforcement agencies to participate in the survey, executed the 

data collection efforts, and helped compile the results of the data collection.

The NIJ SSBT CoE is a center within the National Law Enforcement and Corrections 

Technology Center (NLECTC) system and supports the sensor and surveillance portfolio and 

biometrics portfolio. The Center provides scientific and technical support to NIJ’s research and 

development efforts as well as technology assistance, information, and support to criminal justice 

agencies. The Centers are the authoritative resource within the NLECTC System for both 

practitioners and developers in their technology area(s) of focus. The primary role of the CoEs is 

to assist in the transition of law enforcement technology from the laboratory into practice by first 

adopters. 
4 

Establishing Fingerprint Database Interoperability

The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of the results of the Latent Fingerprint 

Interoperability Survey (LFIOS) without any agency-specific identifiers associated with the data. 

The purpose of this report is not to provide any particular findings or specific recommendations 

related to fingerprint database interoperability, but rather to accelerate the availability of the 

survey results and data to the forensics community. This report describes the content and process 

of developing and fielding the data collection instrument. Every question of the data collection 

instrument is listed with the aggregate results presented for each. It is anticipated that the data set 

associated with LFIOS will be made publicly available on the National Archive of Criminal 

Justice Data (NACJD) in 2015. 

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded this survey as a comprehensive effort to provide a 

way to establish the level of interoperability of automated fingerprint identification systems 

(AFIS) maintained by state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States for the 

electronic exchange of latent fingerprint data to support criminal investigations.1 The survey was 

motivated in part by the need identified in the 2009 National Research Council (NRC) report, 

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward: 

“Great improvement is possible with respect to AFIS interoperability. Many crimes no doubt 

go unsolved today simply because investigating agencies cannot search across all the 

individual databases that might hold a suspect's fingerprints or contain a match for an 

unidentified latent print from a crime scene. It is possible that some perpetrators have gone 

free because of the limitations on fingerprint searches.”2

The ability of fingerprint databases in different jurisdictions to share data with each other can be 

thought of as the interoperability of the databases and can be influenced by both technology and 

policy. Through secure network connections, the AFIS in Jurisdiction A can be networked to the 

AFIS in Jurisdiction B so that either jurisdiction can search the fingerprints in the other

 

1 “View Information Collection Request (ICR) Package,” Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of 

Management and Budget, http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAViewICR?ref_nbr=201209-1121-004. 2 National Research Council, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward, Committee on 

Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 

2009, 276-277. The passage continues:

“The committee believes that, in addition to the technical challenges noted above, a number of 

other critical obstacles to achieving nationwide AFIS interoperability exist involving issues of 

practical implementation. These include (1) convincing federal and state policymakers to mandate 

nationwide AFIS interoperability; (2) persuading AFIS equipment vendors to cooperate and 

collaborate with the law enforcement community and researchers to create and use baseline 

standards for sharing fingerprint image and minutiae data and interfaces that support all searches; 

(3) providing law enforcement agencies with the resources necessary to develop interoperable 

AFIS implementations; and (4) coordinating jurisdictional agreements and public policies that 

would allow law enforcement agencies to share fingerprint data more broadly.

Given the disparity in resources and information technology expertise available to local, state, and 

federal law enforcement agencies, the relatively slow pace of interoperability efforts to date, and 

the potential gains that would accrue from increased AFIS interoperability, the committee believes 

that a new emphasis on achieving nationwide fingerprint data interoperability is needed.” 
5

jurisdiction’s AFIS. The two jurisdictions typically must have an AFIS manufactured by the 

same vendor or have a way for two different systems to communicate. The two agencies 

typically also must have some official agreement such as a memorandum of understanding that 

defines the terms of the information sharing. Otherwise, the searching will be done on an ad hoc

basis.

The total national infrastructure of AFIS maintained by federal, state, local and tribal agencies 

can be thought of as the national criminal justice AFIS enterprise, and how the systems 

communicate with each other will depend on the network architecture and access controls. 

Fingerprint searches can be done in either a vertical (e.g., local to state, state to federal) or a 

horizontal (e.g., local to local, state to state) manner. As a result, interoperability can be 

considered at different levels of geographic or jurisdictional granularity: local, regional 

intrastate, state, regional interstate, and national. The extent to which an authorized AFIS user 

such as a criminal investigator can launch a latent fingerprint search in the national criminal 

justice AFIS enterprise from his or her computer and search for a fingerprint match in databases 

maintained by other jurisdictions can be thought of as the level of interoperability. 

The 2009 NRC report noted several nontechnological challenges to achieving interoperability:

• Convincing federal and state policymakers to mandate nationwide AFIS interoperability;

• Persuading AFIS equipment vendors to cooperate and collaborate with the law 

enforcement community and researchers to create and use baseline standards for sharing 

fingerprint image and minutiae data and interfaces that support all searches;

• Providing law enforcement agencies with the resources necessary to develop 

interoperable AFIS implementations; and

• Coordinating jurisdictional agreements and public policies that would allow law 

enforcement agencies to share fingerprint data more broadly.

During 2011 and 2012, NIJ developed the LFIOS focused on state and local law enforcement 

agencies that maintain an AFIS to investigate the findings and recommendations in the NRC 

report. The survey was developed in coordination with the Latent Print AFIS Interoperability 

Task Force chartered by the Subcommittee on Forensic Science under the National Science and 

Technology Council. The subcommittee was created to assess the practical challenges of 

implementing recommendations in the 2009 NRC report and to advise the White House on how 

best to achieve the goals outlined in that report. This collection of information was approved by 

the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) and 

has an OMB control number of 1121-0338 that is valid until November 30, 2015.

The survey was sent to law enforcement agencies with an AFIS in 51 state jurisdictions, 

including the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and local jurisdictions. Each participating 

agency responded to a core questionnaire with 272 questions divided into ten sections according 

to topic, such as AFIS vendor information, tenprint and palm print records, latent records, and 

search characteristics. In addition, state agencies responded to an addendum questionnaire of 58 

questions geared to state agencies, while local agencies responded to an addendum with 65 

questions geared to local agencies. The data collection period lasted a little over a year from late 

January 2013 to January 31, 2014. At the conclusion of data collection, a total of 48 state 
6 

agencies and 78 local agencies had responded, with 1 state agency and 8 local agencies partially 

responding with some information. Figure 1 shows a map of the overall survey response.

Figure 1. Response to the Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey. The 48 states that 

responded are colored white and the 1 state that partially responded is shaded gray. MN and DC 

did not participate. The 78 local agencies that responded are indicated by a black dot and the 8 

local agencies that partially responded are indicated by a blue dot.
7 

Impact of a Nationwide Data Collection

To make effective use of resources, especially in a fiscal climate of constrained budgets, 

governments must have access to basic quantitative information on a national scale to gain a 

deeper understanding of the current situation before making tactical decisions regarding where 

and how to improve interoperability. This survey is designed to help law enforcement and 

government administrators, legislators and researchers understand the technological and

regulatory barriers affecting automated, cross-jurisdictional interoperability. Information 

collected will provide critical data on several areas, including: 

• The types and functions of fielded AFIS systems in state and local agencies;

• Current policy agreements among jurisdictions to permit electronic sharing, exchange, 

and searching of latent fingerprints ; and 

• Technological and regulatory factors that affect electronic sharing, exchange and 

searching of latent fingerprints across various jurisdictions at the national, state, and local 

levels.

The LFIOS collected data about the vendors being used, AFIS use patterns, and jurisdictions 

with which law enforcement agencies currently share information. Although the survey is not 

targeted at vendors or researchers, this data will be valuable to a wide variety of stakeholders. 

For example, survey data could help quantify and understand interoperability at different levels 

of geographic and jurisdictional granularity as well as vertical and horizontal search patterns. 

The data collected will provide a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative basis for making 

specific decisions to improve interoperability related to latent fingerprints to maximize the value 

of this type of forensic evidence in an equitable way based on the available evidence and data. It

can also help shape strategic planning at all levels of government to support research, 

development, testing, and evaluation of tools and technology, training, and other forms of 

investment for federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. 
8 

Developing the Data Collection Instrument

The initial version of the data collection instrument was developed organically and iteratively 

using stakeholder input in coordination with the Latent Print AFIS Interoperability Task Force 

from approximately February to November 2011. Due to the national scope of the survey and the 

anticipated number of respondents, the survey was developed for review by OMB for clearance 

according to the Paperwork Reduction Act. In August 2011, a draft version of the data collection 

instrument was publicly presented at the International Association for Identification (IAI) 

Conference in Milwaukee, WI.3 The IAI Conference is widely attended by fingerprint experts, 

including latent fingerprint examiners, tenprint examiners, AFIS mangers, and others. 

Stakeholders from the proposed respondent population present at the conference were able to 

review the draft and provide feedback, which was a valuable exercise towards developing a 

consensus understanding of the survey. Based on this feedback, NIJ found that the data 

collection instrument covered important relevant topics and attempted to minimize burden on the 

respondents to the maximum practical extent possible. Common and insightful recommendations 

were incorporated into the data collection instrument that was submitted for PRA clearance in 

the beginning of 2012. 

Pretesting

After review by OMB, pretesting was suggested to verify that the survey met the goals and 

objectives for which it was designed since the new collection was unfielded. As the survey is 

targeted at law enforcement agencies that maintain and operate an AFIS, the questions in the data 

collection instrument seek “corporate” information and an agency’s response may require the 

input or participation of multiple individuals. Pretesting with a number of state and local law 

enforcement agencies (LEA) was suggested to help uncover any potential issues regarding 

comprehension, usability, recordkeeping, and coordination among respondent organization 

personnel. Having agencies of various sizes participate in the pretesting was considered an 

important factor to balance any differences with respect to practices or resources that may exist. 

Four agencies—two state and two local—from the target respondent population was considered a 

reasonable and manageable number to initially pretest the survey. Two local agencies agreed to 

participate: (1) King County Sheriff’s Office in Washington and (2) a bloc of local agencies in 

the National Capital Region that already have a workable network that is interoperable. This 

network includes the Fairfax County Police Department in Virginia and the Northern Virginia 

Regional Identification System (NOVARIS), the Prince William County and Arlington County 

Police Departments in Virginia, and the Montgomery County Police Department in Maryland. 

Two state agencies agreed to participate: (1) the Florida Department of Law Enforcement and (2) 

the Wyoming Division of Criminal Investigation. Having state and local agencies in the eastern 

and western parts of the United States participate was also considered important to balance any 

geographic bias that might exist. 

 

3 This presentation occurred during the 60-day public comment period required by the PRA clearance process 

described in 5 CFR 1320.
9 

Discussion meetings were held by teleconference with participants from early May 2012 to early 

June 2012, with the exception of the National Capital Region meeting which was conducted in 

person. In addition to the technical content of the questions, several aspects of the data collection 

instrument were highlighted for pretesting participants to consider as part of their review, such as 

comprehension, usability, recordkeeping, coordination among respondent agency personnel, and 

content omissions and/or redundancies. After the meetings were completed, all participants were 

also invited to submit further comments should anything additional come to mind. The 

comments and feedback from all participants were reconciled and necessary and appropriate 

revisions were made from early June to mid-July 2012. The revised data collection instrument 

was returned to the pretesting participants for review by early August 2012 to verify that the 

changes addressed any issues or concerns that arose during the pretesting. Additional pretesting 

was determined to be unnecessary based on the overall completeness of the pretesting 

discussions which touched on nearly every aspect of the data collection instrument. 

PRA Clearance

Based on pretesting, the data collection instrument was revised to take into account a number of 

factors that could influence how it is understood by respondents, including: 

• Sensitivity to the variety of AFIS resources and configurations across the United States;

• Diversity of ways LEAs may use their AFIS and what records they keep;

• Variability that may arise regarding the number of people who are on staff at each LEA 

who do substantive AFIS work; and 

• Differences in the way state LEAs and local LEAs operate.

Some additional concepts were added based on pretesting and some existing concepts were 

worded more clearly. Acronym usage was also reduced for better readability and a brief glossary 

was added at the beginning to define acronyms used. The manner in which information is 

requested was also revised to improve comprehension and reduce burden on the recipients. This 

was mainly accomplished by reformatting many questions into Yes/No questions to decrease 

ambiguity. Although the overall number of questions increased after pretesting, half of the 

questions solicit Yes/No answers. Those questions are designed to be quick recall queries to 

minimize any associated burden that adding questions may introduce. 

About two-thirds of the Yes/No questions gate one or more other questions, so the actual number 

of questions a responding LEA answers may be far less than the total inventory. In almost all 

cases, the fill-in-the-blank questions seek numerical information (e.g., the number of searches 

conducted in 2011), and all of those types of questions are gated by a Yes/No question asking if 

such records exist. If it is reported that no records are kept for a particular type of data, then the 

fill-in-the-blank question is skipped and no numerical data is collected. 

The revised data collection instrument was resubmitted to OMB for review. After additional 

consultation between NIJ and OMB, the collection of information was approved by OMB under 

PRA and has an OMB control number of 1121-0338 that is valid until November 30, 2015. 
10 

About the Data Collection Instrument

Each participating agency responded to a core questionnaire with 272 questions divided into ten 

sections according to topic, such as AFIS vendor information, tenprint and palm print records, 

latent records, and search characteristics. In addition, state agencies responded to an addendum 

questionnaire of 58 questions geared to state agencies, while local agencies responded to an 

addendum with 65 questions geared to local agencies. The questionnaires include Yes/No, 

multiple choice, and fill-in-the-blank questions and request ubiquitous and universal agencylevel information relevant to AFIS interoperability with respect to latent prints using questions in 

plain language to reduce both burden and confusion. 

Core Questionnaire 

The Core Questionnaire contains 272 questions, as follows: 

• 138 Yes/No questions: 85 of these gate other questions. 

• 44 fill-in-the-blank questions: 35 of these are gated by a Yes/No question. 

• 90 multiple choice questions: 77 of these are gated by a Yes/No question. 

Questions are presented modularly in ten sections divided by topic, as indicated in Figure 2 and 

in the list below. Each section is also followed by an “Additional Comments” text entry area, 

should a respondent want to provide additional remarks. Some sections are further organized into 

subsections that group together related questions for easier comprehension, as follows: 

• Section 1: General Information

• Section 2: AFIS Information

 AFIS Product Information

 AFIS Acquisition

 AFIS Upgrades 

 AFIS Maintenance

 AFIS Enrollment Capabilities

• Section 3: Tenprints and Palm Prints

 Tenprint Repositories 

 Criminal Tenprint Repositories

 Civil Tenprint Repositories

 Mobile ID Fingerprint Repositories

 Palm Print Repositories

 Criminal Palm Print Repositories

 Civil Palm Print Repositories

 Criminal Repositories – Total Individuals 

 Civil Repositories – Total Individuals 

• Section 4: Latent Prints

 Latent Print Repositories

 Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs

 Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs without an AFIS

 Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs with an AFIS
11 

• Section 5: Latent Searching on Your AFIS

 Latent Searching Capacities and Capabilities on Your AFIS 

 Latent Search Launches on Your AFIS 

 Search Requests from LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE

 Search Requests from LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE

 Latent Search Candidate Lists

• Section 6: Latent Searching on Another AFIS

 Latent Prints Submitted to Outside LEAs with an AFIS

 Latent Search Launches on AFISes of Outside LEAs

 Search Requests to LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE

 Search Requests to LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE

• Section 7: Relaunching Searches

 Tenprint to Latent Print Searching

 Unsolved Latent Search Relaunching – Latent Print to Tenprint

 Palm Print to Latent Print Searching

 Unsolved Latent Search Relaunching – Latent Print to Palm Print 

• Section 8: Official Agreements with Outside LEAs with an AFIS

• Section 9: Supporting Local LEAs That Do Not Have an AFIS

• Section 10: Latent Print Personnel

Figure 2. Core questionnaire number of questions by section. 
12 

State Addendum Questionnaire 

The State Addendum Questionnaire contains 58 questions, as follows: 

• 43 Yes/No questions: 19 of these gate other questions. 

• 9 fill-in-the-blank questions: All of these are gated by a Yes/No question. 

• 6 multiple choice questions: 4 of these are gated by a Yes/No question. 

Questions are presented modularly in six sections divided by topic, as indicated in Figure 3 and 

in the list below. Each section is also followed by an “Additional Comments” text entry area, 

should a respondent want to provide additional remarks. Sections are as follows:

• Local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE 

• Search Frequencies

• Search Frequencies with Local LEAs with an AFIS

• Search Frequencies with State LEAs with an AFIS

• Your State Agency Searching the FBI 

• Your State Agency Searching Other Federal Agencies

Figure 3. State addendum questionnaire number of questions by section.
13 

Local Addendum Questionnaire 

The Local Addendum Questionnaire contains 65 questions broken down as follows: 

• 46 Yes/No questions: 18 of these gate other questions.

• 10 fill-in-the-blank questions: 8 of these are gated by a Yes/No question. 

• 9 multiple choice questions: 6 of these are gated by a Yes/No question.

Questions are presented modularly in six sections divided by topic, as indicated in Figure 4 and 

in the list below. Each section is also followed by an “Additional Comments” text entry area, 

should a respondent want to provide additional remarks. Sections are as follows:

• Your Local Agency

• Search Frequencies

• Search Frequencies with Local LEAs with an AFIS

• Search Frequencies with State LEAs with an AFIS

• Your Local Agency Searching the FBI 

• Your Local Agency Searching Other Federal Agencies 

Figure 4. Local addendum questionnaire number of questions by section.
14 

Fielding the Data Collection Instrument

In late January 2013, the LFIOS was launched and made available to state and local LEAs. 

Outreach was performed via email and phone and through announcements in law enforcementrelated publications and websites, asking agencies to contact the appropriate state representatives 

and ask for their participation in the survey. One of the goals of this nationwide survey was to 

make contact with any agency that owns and maintains an AFIS. For state agencies, the target 

point of contact (POC) would be the state AFIS administrator or person with similar

responsibilities. Resources used for the purpose of identifying the appropriate POC included the 

FBI’s State Identification Bureau Contact List,4

 the FBI Criminal Justice information Services 

Division’s Systems Officer Contact List,

5

 state LEA websites, and other contacts made through 

the Latent Print AFIS Interoperability Task Force. 

To build a complete list of local agencies that may own an AFIS, the state POC was queried if 

they knew of any local agencies in their own state that own and maintain an AFIS. If so, the local 

agencies were contacted in an appropriate manner, stating that the state representative had 

indicated them as a potential respondent to the survey. In states where it was unclear as to how 

many local agencies, if any, owned their own AFIS, the responses from the 2007 Law 

Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) Survey was used as a guide 

as to who may have an AFIS.6 Question 42 of that survey asks if the respondent agency is an 

exclusive/shared owner of an AFIS, has access to a remote AFIS system, has access through 

another agency, or none of the above. Of these agencies, contact was attempted with those that 

claimed they were an exclusive/shared owner of an AFIS. 

Once contact was made with the appropriate person or persons at state and local agencies who 

were willing to participate in the survey, they were provided an official letter of invitation from 

NIJ and access to the survey. The survey home page and a sample page from the survey are 

shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respectively. After an agency agreed to participate, generally 

they were reminded on a monthly basis to start or finish their response. 

For the states in the Western Identification Network (WIN),7 the responding agencies had to 

coordinate with a WIN representative to complete parts of the survey. WIN is a consortium of 

state and local LEAs that have implemented a shared network and AFIS processing service 

bureau. WIN is comprised of eight Central Site Members, which include Alaska, Idaho, 

Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. California has an interface with

the WIN system as well. WIN provides its member agencies the ability to search 29 million 

western state identification records. Due to the nature of this consortium, some of the survey 

questions could only be answered by WIN and not by the individual state agency. Therefore, a 

WIN representative completed questions that were applicable to the network level for the WIN 

states and then it was up to each individual state agency to finish the remainder of the questions. 

 

4

 “FBI - State Identification Bureau Listing,” Federal Bureau of Investigation, accessed January 15, 2013, 

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/criminal-history-summary-checks/state-identification-bureau-listing. 5 “CJIS Systems Officer Contact List by Region”, Association of State Correctional Administrators, accessed 

January 15, 2013, http://www.asca.net/system/assets/attachments/2584/New_CSO_List.pdf?1300816717. 6 Bureau of Justice Statistics, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS), 2007, 

http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/31161/version/1. 7 “Western Identification Network,” Western Identification Network, http://www.winid.org. 
15 

Figure 5. The home page of the online Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey. 

Figure 6. A sample page of the online Latent Fingerprint Interoperability Survey. 
16 

During the final month of the data collection, the frequency of contact to state and local agencies 

that had not finished the survey was increased. Each agency that had agreed to participate was 

contacted at least twice during the month to get them to complete the survey. The approaching 

conclusion of the survey, along with the increased frequency of contact, had a positive effect on 

the amount of survey completions, as shown in Figure 7. As of January 31, 2014, out of the 

50 states and Washington, DC, 48 states had completed the survey. Vermont provided a partial 

response and Washington, DC and Minnesota did not start the survey. 

At the conclusion of the survey, state representatives had reported 111 local agencies that owned 

their own AFIS. The number of local agencies invited to participate was 165, and of these 100 

had agreed to participate. Of the 100 participating agencies, 78 finished the survey and 8 

provided a partial response.

Figure 7. Survey participation over time as of January 31, 2014. 
17 

Results of the Data Collection Instrument

The purpose of this summary is to provide the results of the data collection instrument without 

any agency-specific identifiers associated with the data. The purpose is not to provide any 

particular findings or specific recommendations related to fingerprint database interoperability, 

but rather to accelerate the availability of the survey results and data to the forensics community. 

The results are presented by survey section as described in “About the Data Collection 

Instrument” above. Sections 1 through 10 of the Core Questionnaire are presented first, followed 

by the State Addendum and Local Addendum. 

Every question is listed in order, along with the response rate and aggregate results. Not all 

responding agencies answered each question as about two-thirds of the Yes/No questions gate

one or more other questions, so the response rate varies from question to question. With a total of 

48 state agencies respond with 1 partially responding, the maximum state response rate for any 

question is 49. Likewise, with a total of 78 local agencies responding with 8 partially responding, 

the maximum local response rate for any question is 86. 

The presentation of most questions and responses follows the two formats below: 

1. Yes/No question 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses S L 

Yes SY LY

No SN LN

Where S = SN + SY and L = LY + LN. 

2. Multiple choice question where respondents could choose all options that apply 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses S L

Option 1 S1 L1

Option 2 S2 L2

... ... ...

Option k Sk Lk

Other Sother Lother

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Where generally S ≠ S1 + S2 + ... + Sk + Sother and L ≠ L1 + L2 + ... + Lk + Lother. 

Sections 1 and 2 present the results of some information in tabulated or graphical format that 

deviates somewhat from the two examples above.
18 

Skip Pattern 

The skip pattern in the questionnaires is noted with each question as appropriate to indicate the 

Yes/No questions that gate one or more other questions and whether the response rate from a 

gated question is the same or less than expected based on the response to the gate question. An 

example sequence is given below that shows the skip pattern and response rate notes below each 

data table. 

1. Yes/No question 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses S1 L1

Yes S1Y L1Y

No S1N L1N

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q2; No → Q4}

2. Yes/No question 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses S2 L2

Yes S2Y L2Y

No S2N L2N

Where S2 = S1Y and L2 < L1Y. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q1 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q1 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q3; No → Q4}
19 

3. Multiple choice question where respondents could choose all options that apply. 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses S3 L3

Option 1 S31 L31

Option 2 S32 L32

... ... ...

Option k S3k L3k

Other S3other L3other

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Where S3 = S2Y and L3 = L2Y. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q2 responded to this question. 

4. Yes/No question 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses S4 L4

Yes S4Y L4Y

No S4N L4N

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q5; No → Q6}
20 

Section 1: General Information (Q1–Q9) 

This section asks respondents questions about their agency, their roles at their agencies, and their 

experience with latent prints and AFIS.

Responses to Q1–Q3 are not included in this report.

1. Name of person completing survey. 

2. Title of person completing survey. 

3. Contact Information.

Responses by state agencies to Q4–Q6 are given in Table 1 and responses by local agencies are 

given in Table 2. 

4. Full name of your law enforcement agency (LEA). 

5. Department, division, or office.

6. In which state is your agency located?

Table 1. Participating state agencies (continued through page 23). 

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

Alabama Alabama Bureau of 

Investigation Latent Print Unit

Alaska Alaska Department of Public 

Safety

Criminal Records and Identification 

Bureau

Arizona Arizona Department of Public 

Safety Fingerprint Unit

Arkansas Arkansas State Police AFIS Unit

California California Department of 

Justice Automated Latent Print Section

Colorado Colorado Bureau of 

Investigation Identification Unit

Connecticut Department of Emergency 

Services and Public Protection

State of Connecticut Forensic Science 

Laboratory

Delaware Delaware State Police State Bureau of Identification

Florida Florida Department of Law 

Enforcement Criminal Justice Information Services
21

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

Georgia Georgia Bureau of 

Investigation

Division of Forensic Sciences; 

Impressions Section

Hawaii Attorney General Hawaii Criminal Justice Data Center

Idaho Idaho State Police Bureau of Criminal Identification

Illinois Illinois State Police Division of Forensic Services

Indiana Indiana State Police Records Division

Iowa Iowa Department of Public 

Safety Division of Criminal Investigation

Kansas

Kansas Bureau of 

Investigation Forensic 

Laboratory

Latent Print Section

Kentucky Kentucky State Police Criminal Records and Identification

Louisiana Louisiana State Police Technical Support Services

Maine Maine State Police Crime Laboratory

Maryland Maryland State Police Forensic Sciences Division

Massachusetts Massachusetts State Police State Identification Section

Michigan Michigan State Police Biometrics and Identification Division

Mississippi Mississippi Department of 

Public Safety Criminal Information Center

Missouri Missouri State Highway 

Patrol

Criminal Justice Information Services 

Division

Montana Montana Department of 

Justice

Division of Criminal Investigation, 

Investigative Support Bureau, Criminal 

Records and Identification Services

Nebraska Nebraska State Patrol Crime Laboratory

Nevada Nevada Department of Public 

Safety Records and Technology Division

New 

Hampshire

Department of Safety; 

Division of State Police

New Hampshire State Police Forensic 

Laboratory
22

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

New Jersey New Jersey State Police Automated Fingerprint Identification 

Unit

New Mexico New Mexico Department of 

Public Safety Law Enforcement Records Bureau

New York New York State Division of 

Criminal Justice Services

Office of Criminal Justice Operations, 

Latent Print Unit

North 

Carolina

North Carolina State Bureau 

of Investigation Special Operations Division

North Dakota North Dakota Office of the 

Attorney General Crime Laboratory Division

Ohio Ohio Attorney General's 

Office Ohio Bureau of Identification

Oklahoma Oklahoma State Bureau of 

Investigation Criminalistics

Oregon Oregon State Police Identification Services Section

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State Police Bureau of Records and Identification

Rhode Island Rhode Island Department of 

Attorney General Bureau Criminal Identification

South 

Carolina

South Carolina Law 

Enforcement Division Latent Print/Crime Scene Department

South Dakota South Dakota Division of 

Criminal Investigation Identification Department

Tennessee Tennessee Bureau of 

Investigation Biometric Services

Texas Texas Department of Public 

Safety Law Enforcement Support Division

Utah Utah Department of Public 

Safety Bureau of Criminal Identification

Vermont Vermont Department of 

Public Safety Vermont Crime Information Center

Virginia Virginia Department of 

Forensic Science Division of Technical Services

Washington Washington State Patrol Information Technology Division

West Virginia West Virginia State Police Records
23

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Department of 

Justice, Division of Law 

Enforcement Services

Wisconsin State Crime Laboratory, 

Milwaukee

Wyoming Wyoming Division of 

Criminal Investigation Wyoming State Crime Laboratory

Table 2. Participating local agencies (continued through page 27).

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

AL Mobile Police Department Identification Unit

AR Garland County Sheriff’s Office Office

CA Anaheim Police Department Forensic Services Detail

CA Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office Support Services Division - Technical 

Services

CA Madera County Department of 

Corrections Jail Services / Classification

CA Marin County Sheriff's Office Investigations Division

CA Napa County Sheriff's Office Evidence Laboratory

CA Orange County Sheriff-Coroner 

Department Crime Lab - Cal-ID Bureau

CA San Bernardino County Sheriff's 

Department CAL-ID Latent Print Section

CA San Diego Sheriff's Department Records & ID Division, Cal-ID Unit

CA San Francisco Police Department Forensic Division

CA San Luis Obispo County Sheriff's 

Office Crime Laboratory

CA Santa Cruz County Sheriff's Office Investigations

CA Solano County Sheriff's Office Records, Civil, Identification

CA Ventura County Sheriff's Office Forensic Services Bureau
24

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

FL Broward Sheriff's Office Department of Law Enforcement/Criminal 

Investigations/Crime Lab

FL Collier County Sheriff Office Bureau of Technical Services

FL Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office Information Services Division

FL Jacksonville Sheriff's Office Department of Investigations & Homeland 

Security, Latent Print Unit

FL Lee County Sheriff’s Office Forensic

FL Miami-Dade Police Department Criminal Investigations Division

FL Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office Technical Services Division

FL Pinellas County Sheriff's Office AFIS Division

FL Sarasota County Sheriff's Office Criminal Investigations

GA Atlanta Police Department Support Services Division, Information 

Services Section, Identification Unit

GA Brunswick Police Department Criminal Investigation Section

GA Cherokee County Sheriff's Office Intelligence

GA Columbus Police Department Investigative Services

GA DeKalb County Department

GA Forsyth County Sheriff's Office Criminal Investigations Division

GA Savannah-Chatham Metropolitan 

Police Department Forensics

ID Ada County Sheriff's Office Crime Lab

ID Canyon County Sheriff's Office Forensic Services

IL Alton Police Department Crime Scene/Evidence
25

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

IL Aurora Police Department Investigations/Evidence

IL Village of East Dundee Police 

Department Police Department

IN Fort Wayne Police Department Investigative Division / Laboratory Services

IN Indianapolis Metropolitan Police 

Department Latent Print Unit

IN South Bend Police Department Crime Lab

ME Bangor Police Department Department

ME Portland Police Department Criminal Investigations Division

MD Montgomery County Police 

Department Crime Lab

MA Boston Police Department Latent Print Section

MA Brookline Police Department Identification Unit

MA Cambridge Police Department Identification Unit

MA Plymouth County Sheriff's 

Department Bureau of Criminal Investigation

MA Worcester Police Department Latent Print Unit

NV City of Henderson Police 

Department Criminalistics Bureau

NV Las Vegas Metropolitan Police 

Department Forensic Laboratory

NY Binghamton Police Department Crime Scene Unit

NY Town of Bedford Police Department Detective Division

NC Cumberland County Sheriff's Office Crime Scene Investigations

NC Durham Police Department Forensic Services Division
26

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

NC Forsyth County Sheriff's Office Crime Scene Unit - Investigative Services 

Division

NC Greensboro Police Department Latent Print Section

NC Guilford County Sheriff's Office Special Operations

NC High Point Police Department Latent Print Unit

NC Lee County Sheriff's Office Detective Division

NC Moore County Sheriff's Office Criminal Investigations

NC Wilson Police Department Criminal Investigation

OH Cleveland Division of Police Crime Scene and Records Unit; AFIS 

Operations Office

OH Hamilton County Sheriff's Office Support Services Division

OH Miami Valley Regional Crime 

Laboratory AFIS/ Latent Print Unit

OH Springfield Police Division Staff and Auxiliary Services

OH West Chester Police Department Criminalistics Unit

OK Ardmore Police Department Crime Lab

OK Broken Arrow Police Department Headquarters Division

OK Edmond Police Department Criminal Investigation Division

OK Norman Police Department Criminal Investigations Division

OK Oklahoma City Police Department Investigations Laboratory Services

OK Shawnee Police Department Criminal Investigations Division

OR Salem Police Department Criminal Investigation Section
27

State Law Enforcement Agency Department, Division, or Office

OR Washington County Sheriff's Office Investigations

PA Philadelphia Police Department Support Services Division (Records and 

Identification Unit)

SD Sioux Falls Police Department Crime Laboratory

TN Metropolitan Nashville Police 

Department Identification Division

TN Shelby County Sheriff's Office Information Systems / AFIS Section

TX Austin Texas Police Department Forensics

TX Dallas County Sheriff Department Criminal Justice Systems Administration

TX El Paso Police Department Latent Print / A.F.I.S. Section

TX Harris County Sheriff's Office Crime Scene Unit

UT Unified Police Department of 

Greater Salt Lake Forensic Department

VA Fairfax County Police Department Northern Virginia Regional Identification 

System

WA King County Sheriff's Office King County Regional AFIS Program

WA Pierce County Sheriff's Department Forensic Investigations

WI Milwaukee Police Department Forensics
28 

7. What describes your role at your agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 49 86

AFIS Manager 23 42

Latent Unit Manager 10 28

Latent Examiner 16 45

Tenprint Examiner 8 18

Fingerprint Specialist 8 11

Fingerprint Technician 4 11

Forensic Investigator 1 19

Forensic Technician 3 10

Other 15 27

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Over half of the state respondents indicated one role only. 

Over half of the local respondents indicated at least two roles.

The state agencies responding “Other” indicated various additional roles related to management 

of state level agencies involved with investigation, identification, or criminal records.

The local agencies responding “Other” indicated various additional roles related to crime scenes, 

evidence, investigation, identification, crime laboratories, police command, criminal records, and 

bomb disposal. 

8. How many years of experience do you have working with latent prints? 

State Local 

Number of 

Responses 49 86 

Years State Local

No experience 10 6

Less than 1 1 1

1 0 0

2 1 0

3 1 0

4 0 1

5 2 4

6 0 6

7 0 0

8 3 0
29 

Years State Local

9 0 6

10 4 1

11 0 1

12 1 0

13 4 4

14 1 5

15 2 6

16 1 5

17 2 2

18 3 5

19 1 1

20 1 5

21 1 3

22 0 2

23 2 1

24 0 2

25 1 1

More than 25 7 18

Figure 8. State (red) and local (blue) responses to Q8. 
30

9. How many years of experience do you have working with Automated Fingerprint 

Identification Systems (AFIS)?

State Local

Number of 

Responses 48 86

Years State Local

No experience 0 2

Less than 1 0 3

1 1 2

2 1 2

3 2 4

4 1 1

5 3 5

6 0 4

7 1 2

8 2 3

9 0 5

10 2 4

11 0 2

12 1 3

13 1 2

14 2 6

15 3 2

16 4 3

17 5 3

18 1 6

19 2 1

20 2 6

21 6 4

22 0 2

23 2 2

24 2 0

25 1 3

More than 25 3 4
31 

Figure 9. State (red) and local (blue) responses to Q9. 
32 

Section 2: AFIS Information (Q10–Q47) 

This section asks respondents questions about their AFIS as well as purchasing, upgrades, and 

maintenance and funding sources used for these purposes. Section 2 is divided into five 

subsections: (1) AFIS Product Information; (2) AFIS Acquisition; (3) AFIS Upgrades; (4) AFIS 

Maintenance; (5) AFIS Enrollment Capabilities.

AFIS Product Information (Q10–Q15)

10. When was your AFIS purchased? 

State Local 

Number of 

Responses 46 82 

Year State Local

1984 2 0

1985 0 1

1986 1 1

1987 0 3

1988 7 0

1989 1 0

1990 1 3

1991 1 3

1992 3 0

1993 0 0

1994 1 1

1995 3 2

1996 1 2

1997 2 0

1998 1 2

1999 0 4

2000 1 1

2001 1 2

2002 0 4

2003 0 3

2004 1 4

2005 0 5

2006 7 8

2007 3 6

2008 1 6

2009 3 7
33 

Year State Local

2010 0 5

2011 0 3

2012 0 2

Five state agencies provided responses that did not include a year. 

Four local agencies provided responses that did not include a year. 

11. When did your AFIS become operational? 

State Local 

Number of 

Responses 46 81 

Year State Local

1985 1 1

1986 1 0

1987 0 3

1988 1 0

1989 7 0

1990 5 4

1991 1 0

1992 2 3

1993 1 0

1994 1 1

1995 3 2

1996 2 0

1997 2 2

1998 2 2

1999 0 4

2000 0 0

2001 1 0

2002 1 4

2003 0 6

2004 1 3

2005 1 3

2006 4 9

2007 3 3

2008 4 6

2009 0 6

2010 0 4
34 

Year State Local

2011 1 6

2012 0 4

2013 0 0

2014 0 1

Four local agencies provided responses that did not include a year. 

12. What kind of AFIS was installed? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 48 83

NEC 19 21

MorphoTrak (Morpho, Printrak, Motorola) 25 26

3M Cogent (Cogent) 2 13

De La Rue 1 0

TRW 1 0

AFIX Technologies 0 12

SPEX Forensics 0 9

Two local agencies reported that the kind of AFIS that was installed is unknown. 

13. Since your AFIS was installed, has any of the information in Question 12 changed? 

Responses State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 85 

Yes 29 35 

No 19 50 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q14; No → Q15} 
35

14. Please provide your AFIS information current as of December 31, 2011.

Response State Local

Number of Responses 29 35

NEC 15 11

MorphoTrak (Morpho, Printrak, Motorola) 12 10

3M Cogent (Cogent) 2 7

De La Rue 0 0

TRW 0 0

AFIX Technologies 0 3

SPEX Forensics 0 4

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q13 responded to this question.

Generally, these responses reflected upgrades or updates to the systems indicated in Q12.

Three state agencies and two local agencies report switching vendors between Q12 and Q14.

In the notes at the end of Section 2, one local agency indicated that it was currently transitioning 

from one vendor to another and one local agency indicated that it changed vendors in 1998.

The current AFIS vendor information for state agencies from responses to Q12 and Q14 is 

shown in the composite table below and in Figure 10.

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 48 83

NEC 19 20

MorphoTrak (Morpho, Printrak, Motorola) 25 25

3M Cogent (Cogent) 4 15

De La Rue 0 0

TRW 0 0

AFIX Technologies 0 12

SPEX Forensics 0 9

*Composite of Q12 and Q14.
36 

Figure 10. Current AFIS vendor information for state agencies from responses to Q12 and Q14, 

showing MophoTrak (blue), NEC (brown), and 3M Cogent (yellow). VT did not provide a 

response (gray). DC and MN did not participate (gray hatch). 

15. Do you have any “store and forward” servers? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 45 78 

Yes 33 38 

No 12 40 
37 

AFIS Acquisition (Q16–Q24)

16. Which describes the sources of funding used to purchase your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 46 81

Federal funds 13 20

State funds 40 19

Local funds 0 50

Fees for criminal background checks 6 1

Fees for service (excluding criminal background checks) 3 2

Other 6 17

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

The state agencies reporting “Other” indicated a specific funding source or that they did not 

know the source of funding. 

The local agencies reporting “Other” indicated a specific funding source, such as drug seizure 

money, asset forfeitures, property taxes, or vehicle registration fees.

17. Were any Federal funds used to purchase your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 82 

Yes 14 19 

No 33 63 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q18; No → Q24} 

18. What portion of the funds used to purchase your AFIS came from Federal funds? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 7 16

100% 4 9

75% or more 3 5

50% or more 0 2

25% or more 0 0

Less than 25% 0 0
38 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q17 responded to this question. 

19. Which Federal agency provided the funds to purchase your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 7 17

Department of Justice (DOJ) 4 14

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 4 2

Other 0 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q17 responded to this question. 

One local agency responding “Other” elaborated on the specific DOJ agency that provided the 

funds. This response is not included in the counts in the table above. 

20. What amount of Federal funds was provided to purchase your AFIS? 

State Local 

Number of 

Responses 6 13 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q17 responded to this question. 

State set: {$255,136, $800,000, $1,200,000, $1,500,000, $1,800,000, $2,000,000} 

Local set: {$23,000, $28,790, $32,750, $38,687, $100,000, $188,000, $200,000, $892,928, 

$915,000, $1,492,500, $1,500,000, $1,914,061, $4,000,000} 

21. Was the Federal funding provided to purchase your AFIS sufficient to meet your agency’s 

needs? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 8 18

Strongly agree 3 4

Agree 3 8

Neutral 2 6

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0
39 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q17 responded to this question. 

22. How much time did your agency have to spend the Federal funds? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 7 15

Less than 1 year 1 4

1–2 years 5 6

2–3 years 1 4

3–4 years 0 0

4–5 years 0 0

More than 5 years 0 1

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q17 responded to this question. 

23. Was the time available to spend the Federal funds to purchase your AFIS sufficient to meet 

your agency’s needs? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 8 17

Strongly agree 0 3

Agree 5 11

Neutral 2 2

Disagree 1 1

Strongly disagree 0 0

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q17 responded to this question. 

24. Do you expect to release a procurement announcement for a completely new AFIS in the 

next 3 years? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 43 79 

Yes 20 15 

No 23 64 
40 

AFIS Upgrades (Q25–Q35) 

25. Has your AFIS undergone a major upgrade since it was installed?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 82 

Yes 36 43 

No 12 39 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q26; No → Q35} 

26. When was the last major AFIS upgrade? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 35 40 

Year State Local

2000 1 1

2001 0 0

2002 0 0

2003 0 0

2004 0 2

2005 0 2

2006 5 2

2007 7 2

2008 10 4

2009 1 2

2010 1 8

2011 4 6

2012 5 9

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q25 responded to this question. 

A few agencies responded by designating a month instead of a month and year, which is still 

considered a response even though it is ambiguous. Responses not including a year are not 

included in the table above. 
41 

27. Which describes the source of funding used to upgrade your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 34 41

Federal funds 5 12

State funds 29 6

Local funds 0 22

Fees for criminal background checks 6 1

Fees for service (excluding criminal background checks) 3 1

Other 5 5

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q25 responded to this question. 

The state agencies reporting “Other” indicated a specific funding source or that they did not 

know the source of funding. 

The local agencies reporting “Other” indicated a specific funding source or that upgrades/updates 

are provided by the vendor at no charge. 

28. Were any Federal funds used to upgrade your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 35 43 

Yes 8 12 

No 27 31 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q25 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q25 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q29; No → Q35} 
42 

29. What portion of the funds used to upgrade your AFIS came from Federal funds? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 4 12

100% 1 8

75% or more 0 2

50% or more 1 1

25% or more 1 1

Less than 25% 1 0

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

30. Which Federal agency provided the funds to upgrade your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 4 11

Department of Justice (DOJ) 4 7

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 1 4

Other 0 0

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

31. What amount of Federal funds was provided to upgrade your AFIS?

State Local 

Number of 

Responses 3 9 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

State set: {$1,200,000, $2,000,000, $2,000,000} 

Local set: {$3,800, $188,000, $230,000, $600,000, $800,000, $825,000, $830,000, $1,300,000, 

$3,250,000} 
43 

32. Was the Federal funding provided to upgrade your AFIS sufficient to meet your agency’s 

needs? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 5 11

Strongly agree 2 3

Agree 1 6

Neutral 2 1

Disagree 0 1

Strongly disagree 0 0

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

33. How much time did your agency have to spend the Federal funds? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 4 11

Less than 1 year 0 4

1–2 years 3 6

2–3 years 0 1

3–4 years 1 0

4–5 years 0 0

More than 5 years 0 0

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

34. Was the time available to spend the Federal funds to upgrade your AFIS sufficient to meet 

your agency’s needs? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 5 12

Strongly agree 2 2

Agree 1 7

Neutral 2 2

Disagree 0 1

Strongly disagree 0 0

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 
44 

35. Do you expect a major upgrade of your AFIS in the next 3 years? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 42 81 

Yes 29 29 

No 13 52 

AFIS Maintenance (Q36–Q45)

36. Does your AFIS have a service or maintenance contract?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 82 

Yes 48 76 

No 0 6 

Skip Pattern: {No → Q37; Yes → Q38} 

37. Why does your AFIS not have a service or maintenance contract?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 0 6

Not offered by vendor 0 1

Declined because it did not meet my agency’s needs 0 0

Declined because it was too expensive 0 0

Expired and not renewed because it did not meet my 

agency’s needs 0 0 

Expired and not renewed because it was too expensive 0 2

AFIS no longer supported by vendor 0 0

Vendor out of business 0 0

In-house expertise maintenance is sufficient 0 0

Other 0 3

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

No state agencies responded “No” to Q36.
45 

All local agencies that responded “No” to Q36 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Response → Q46} 

38. Which describes the source of funding used to maintain your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 45 74

Federal funds 1 3

State funds 35 9

Local funds 1 60

Fees for criminal background checks 7 1

Fees for service (excluding criminal background checks) 8 3

Other 4 7

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q36 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 26 report state funds are used to maintain their AFIS only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 55 report local funds are used to maintain their AFIS only.

The state agencies reporting “Other” indicated a specific funding source or that they did not 

know the source of funding. 

The local agencies reporting “Other” indicated a specific funding source, such as property taxes, 

vehicle registration fees, or shared costs with other agencies.

39. Are any Federal funds used to maintain your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 76 

Yes 2 3 

No 45 73 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q36 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q36 responded to this question. 
46 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q40; No → Q46} 

40. What portion of the funds used to maintain your AFIS come from Federal funds? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 1 2

100% 0 2

75% or more 0 0

50% or more 0 0

25% or more 0 0

Less than 25% 1 0

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

41. Which Federal agency provides the funds to maintain your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 1 3

Department of Justice (DOJ) 1 0

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 0 3

Other 0 0

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

42. What amount of Federal funds is provided to maintain your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 0 2 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

State set: No response

Local set: {$420,000, $600,000} 
47 

43. Is the Federal funding provided to maintain your AFIS sufficient to meet your agency’s 

needs? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 1 3

Strongly agree 0 1

Agree 0 0

Neutral 0 2

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 1 0

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

44. How much time does your agency have to spend the Federal funds? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 1 2

Less than 1 year 0 0

1–2 years 1 2

2–3 years 0 0

3–4 years 0 0

4–5 years 0 0

More than 5 years 0 0

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

45. Is the time available to spend the Federal funds to maintain your AFIS sufficient to meet 

your agency’s needs? 

Response State Local

Number of Responses 1 3

Strongly agree 0 0

Agree 1 2

Neutral 0 1

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 
48 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q39 responded to this question. 

AFIS Enrollment Capabilities (Q46–Q47)

46. What types of biometric data can be enrolled in your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 48 79

Tenprint rolled fingerprints 48 78

Tenprint slap, flat, or plain fingerprints 47 77

Mobile ID fingerprints 24 32

Palm prints 45 72

Plantar prints 9 15

Latent fingerprints 46 79

Latent palm prints 44 74

Unidentified latent prints 43 79

Mugshots 33 43

Signatures 18 8

Other 9 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

WIN states that reported “Other” indicated that any valid NIST record can be enrolled. 

Two local agencies that reported “Other” indicated that they can enroll irises.

47. What types of biometric data do you enroll in your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 48 78

Tenprint rolled fingerprints 48 75

Tenprint slap, flat, or plain fingerprints 46 73

Mobile ID fingerprints 7 13

Palm prints 44 66

Plantar prints 9 11

Latent fingerprints 45 77

Latent palm prints 42 71

Unidentified latent prints 42 75

Mugshots 28 27

Signatures 14 4

Other 7 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 
49 

WIN states that reported “Other” indicated that any valid NIST records are enrolled.

Figure 11. Responses to Q46 and Q47 showing the biometric data state agencies can enroll (dark 

blue) versus the data they do enroll (light blue) and what local agencies can (red) versus do 

(pink) enroll. 
50 

Section 3: Tenprints and Palm Prints (Q48–Q111) 

This section asks respondents questions about their criminal and civil tenprint and palm print 

repositories, against which latent prints are searched. Section 3 is divided into nine subsections: 

(1) Tenprint Repositories; (2) Criminal Tenprint Repositories; (3) Civil Tenprint Repositories; 

(4) Mobile ID Fingerprint Repositories; (5) Palm Print Repositories; (6) Criminal Palm Print 

Repositories; (7) Civil Palm Print Repositories; (8) Criminal Repositories – Total Individuals; 

and (9) Civil Repositories – Total Individuals.

Tenprint Repositories (Q48)

48. Does your AFIS contain a tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 82 

Yes 48 75 

No 0 7 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q49; No → Q77} 

Criminal Tenprint Repositories (Q49–Q62)

49. Are criminal fingerprint records included in your tenprint repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 75 

Yes 48 72 

No 0 3 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q48 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q50; No → Q63}
51 

50. As of December 31, 2011, how many fingerprint records are in your criminal tenprint 

repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 41 65 

Exact Figure 23 21 

Approximate 

Figure

18 44 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

Two local agencies reported “0” fingerprint records are in their criminal tenprint repositories, 

which are included in the exact figure.

State sum: 144,697,560 

Local sum: 44,762,690 

State set: {210000, 211293, 260117, 453236, 487513, 493677, 500000, 521665, 603488, 

700000, 708000, 722121, 824178, 857180, 898493, 1200000, 1313128, 1500000, 1543111, 

1618919, 1620121, 1762200, 1832267, 1881153, 1900000, 2000000, 2000000, 2276233, 

2300000, 3000000, 3268285, 3493821, 3800000, 3900000, 4000000, 4676243, 5916032, 

8445086, 10000000, 18000000, 43000000} 

Local set: {0, 0, 700, 2000, 2500, 8000, 12167, 15000, 16440, 17000, 19977, 22467, 30000, 

30865, 35000, 37482, 38000, 60000, 63219, 65000, 67000, 70000, 71000, 76000, 110000, 

120000, 150000, 210000, 225000, 270000, 300000, 300000, 334600, 357700, 400000, 400000, 

400000, 403000, 448256, 450000, 489328, 494287, 500000, 541295, 600000, 640000, 644000, 

650000, 650000, 655754, 749353, 797355, 800000, 950000, 1094049, 1200000, 1300000, 

1367958, 1400000, 1494464, 1800000, 2700903, 2800000, 4500000, 10305571} 

51. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, does one criminal tenprint 

record routinely contain ten rolled fingerprints and ten slap, flat, or plain fingerprints? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 72 

Yes 48 72 

No 0 0 
52 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {No → Q52; Yes → Q53} 

52. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, how many fingerprints are 

routinely contained in one criminal tenprint record?

No state or local agencies responded “No” to Q51, so no response. 

53. As of December 31, 2011, how many unique individuals are represented in your criminal 

tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 39 53 

Exact Figure 23 19 

Approximate 

Figure 16 34 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

Two local agencies reported “0” individuals are in their criminal tenprint repositories, which are 

included in the exact figure. 

State sum: 68,190,195 

Local sum: 26,038,241 

State set: {193339, 194242, 260117, 453236, 491300, 493677, 500000, 509517, 529214, 

603488, 646669, 662304, 708000, 722121, 776594, 1047531, 1100000, 1200000, 1313128, 

1335405, 1400000, 1500000, 1543111, 1553551, 1618919, 1762200, 1774020, 1800000, 

1900000, 1943573, 2000000, 2100000, 2900000, 3000000, 3493821, 4300000, 5500000, 

5916032, 8445086} 

Local set: {0, 0, 700, 1500, 2500, 7000, 14840, 16000, 17208, 19977, 20000, 27842, 35000, 

35000, 60000, 66750, 70000, 71000, 100000, 115000, 120000, 120000, 155700, 166000, 

246078, 270000, 318000, 400000, 400000, 400000, 454273, 461921, 489328, 494287, 500000, 

500000, 500000, 541295, 600000, 600000, 605000, 640000, 650000, 655754, 722138, 907260, 

914860, 1200000, 1300000, 1358072, 1367958, 2800000, 4500000} 
53 

54. Can you launch latent searches against your criminal tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 72 

Yes 47 72 

No 1 0 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q55; No → Q56} 

55. Is your entire criminal tenprint repository searchable against unsolved latent prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 71 

Yes 46 69 

No 1 2 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q54 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q54 responded to this question. 

56. Does your criminal tenprint repository contain ink fingerprints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 72 

Yes 48 63 

No 0 9 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q57; No → Q60} 
54 

57. Which fingerprint card does your agency use for criminal fingerprint records? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 47 60

FD-249 Criminal Cards 38 52

FD-884a Supplemental Finger and Palm Print Cards 12 17

Other 17 13

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q56 responded to this question. 

State agencies reporting “Other” indicated using a state card rather than the FD-249 Criminal 

Card.

Local agencies reporting “Other” indicated using a state or local card or blank cards rather than 

the FD-249 Criminal Card. 

58. Are ink fingerprints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in your 

criminal tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 63 

Yes 33 32 

No 14 31 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q56 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q56 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q59; No → Q60} 

59. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 33 30

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 30 26

Other 5 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 
55 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question. 

60. Does your criminal tenprint repository contain Live Scan fingerprints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 72 

Yes 47 71 

No 0 1 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q49 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q61; No → Q63} 

61. Are Live Scan fingerprints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in 

your criminal tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 71 

Yes 39 49 

No 8 22 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q60 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q62; No → Q63} 
56 

62. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 39 48

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 36 43

Other 5 6

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q61 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q61 responded to this question. 

Civil Tenprint Repositories (Q63–Q76) 

63. Are civil fingerprint records included in your tenprint repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 75 

Yes 34 34 

No 13 41 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q48 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q48 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q64; No → Q77} 

64. As of December 31, 2011, how many fingerprint records are in your civil tenprint 

repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 20 17 

Exact Figure 9 1 

Approximate 

Figure 11 16 
57 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q63 responded to this question. 

One state agency reported “0” fingerprint records are in its criminal tenprint repository, which is 

included in the exact figure. 

State sum: 73,000,608 

Local sum: 756,015 

State set: {0, 68400, 174803, 250000, 275000, 400000, 479413, 493677, 634000, 662304, 

708000, 857180, 907800, 1000000, 1200000, 1442527, 2000000, 2843042, 13604462, 

45000000} 

Local set: {50, 100, 115, 250, 1500, 2000, 2000, 10000, 20000, 50000, 60000, 69000, 70000, 

71000, 100000, 100000, 200000} 

65. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, does one civil tenprint record 

routinely contain ten rolled fingerprints and ten slap, flat, or plain fingerprints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 34 34 

Yes 33 33 

No 1 1 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q63 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {No → Q66; Yes → Q67} 

66. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, how many fingerprints are 

routinely contained in one civil tenprint record?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 1 1 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q66 responded to this question. 

One state agency responded with specific information. 
58 

One local agency responded with specific information. 

67. As of December 31, 2011, how many unique individuals are represented in your civil 

tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 17 17 

Exact Figure 9 1 

Approximate 

Figure 8 16 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q63 responded to this question. 

One state agency reported “0” individuals are in its criminal tenprint repository, which are 

included in the exact figure. 

State sum: 30,605,164 

Local sum: 711,515 

State set: {0, 68400, 72379, 174803, 202160, 250000, 275000, 493677, 708000, 1000000, 

1100000, 1200000, 1442527, 2670714, 2843042, 4500000, 13604462} 

Local set: {50, 100, 115, 250, 1000, 2000, 2000, 10000, 20000, 50000, 60000, 60000, 67000, 

69000, 70000, 100000, 200000} 

68. Can you launch latent searches against your civil tenprint repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 34 34 

Yes 30 33 

No 4 1 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q63 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q69; No → Q70} 
59 

69. Is your entire civil tenprint repository searchable against unsolved latent prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 30 31 

Yes 28 30 

No 2 1 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q68 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q68 responded to this question. 

70. Does your civil tenprint repository contain ink fingerprints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 34 34 

Yes 30 26 

No 4 8 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q63 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q71; No → Q74} 

71. Which fingerprint card does your agency use for civil fingerprint records? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 29 25

FD-258 Applicant Cards 24 23

Other 6 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q70 responded to this question. 

State agencies reporting “Other” indicated using a state card rather than the FD-258 Applicant 

Card. 
60 

Local agencies reporting “Other” indicated using a state or local card rather than the FD-258 

Applicant Card. 

72. Are ink fingerprints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in your 

civil tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 30 26 

Yes 21 11 

No 9 15 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q70 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q73; No → Q74} 

73. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 21 11

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 20 9

Other 2 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q72 responded to this question. 

74. Does your civil tenprint repository contain Live Scan fingerprints? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 34 34 

Yes 32 30 

No 2 4 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q63 responded to this question. 
61 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q75; No → Q77} 

75. Are Live Scan fingerprints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in 

your civil tenprint repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 32 29 

Yes 27 17 

No 5 12 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q74 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q74 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q76; No → Q77} 

76. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 27 17

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 26 15

Other 2 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q75 responded to this question. 
62 

Mobile ID Fingerprint Repositories (Q77–Q80)

77. Does your AFIS contain Mobile ID fingerprints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 82 

Yes 4 9 

No 43 73 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q78; No → Q81} 

78. Are Mobile ID fingerprints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in 

your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 4 9 

Yes 2 8 

No 2 1 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q77 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q79; No → Q80} 

79. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 2 8

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 2 7

Other 0 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q78 responded to this question. 
63 

80. Is your entire Mobile ID fingerprint repository searchable against unsolved latent prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 3 9 

Yes 1 3 

No 2 6 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q77 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q77 responded to this question. 

Palm Print Repositories (Q81)

81. Does your AFIS have a palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 82 

Yes 44 64 

No 3 18 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q82; No → Q110} 

Criminal Palm Print Repositories (Q82–Q95)

82. Are criminal palm print records included in your palm print repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 64 

Yes 44 63 

No 0 1 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q81 responded to this question. 
64 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q83; No → Q96} 

83. As of December 31, 2011, how many palm print records are in your criminal palm print 

repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses

37 48 

Exact Figure 23 15 

Approximate 

Figure 14 33 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q82 responded to this question. 

Two state agencies reported “0” fingerprint records are in their criminal palm print repositories, 

which are included in the exact figure.

One local agency reported “0” fingerprint records are in their criminal palm print repositories, 

which is included in the exact figure. 

State sum: 19,221,232 

Local sum: 16,537,224 

State set: {0, 0, 3, 3, 52, 694, 5758, 6000, 6904, 10000, 28108, 42700, 45249, 64585, 94715, 

100000, 120000, 136615, 198458, 250000, 250000, 256000, 320105, 377749, 400000, 400000, 

502756, 600000, 627497, 800000, 810420, 852064, 1371680, 1959721, 2500000, 2600000, 

3483396} 

Local set: {0, 25, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 15000, 16440, 17000, 27842, 30685, 35000, 

43390, 50000, 60000, 65000, 76000, 90000, 98000, 100000, 120000, 120462, 125591, 131000, 

160000, 170000, 170000, 197000, 218000, 284684, 300000, 300000, 300000, 350000, 358800, 

370000, 440029, 500000, 514837, 560000, 658724, 700000, 713796, 846614, 1000000, 

1237000, 4947305} 
65 

84. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, does one criminal palm print 

record routinely contain more information than the slap, flat, or plain impression of left and 

right palms?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 63 

Yes 37 50 

No 7 13 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q82 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q85; No → Q86} 

85. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, please specify what a criminal 

palm print record includes?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 34 47 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q84 responded to this question. 

Agencies elaborated on different parts of the palm that are included in their palm print records. 

86. As of December 31, 2011, how many unique individuals are represented in your criminal 

palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 28 39 

Exact Figure 17 11 

Approximate 

Figure 11 28 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q82 responded to this question. 
66 

Four state agencies reported “0” individuals are in their criminal palm print repositories, which 

are included in the exact figure.

Two local agencies reported “0” individuals are in their criminal palm print repositories, which 

are included in the exact figure.

State sum: 10,408,446 

Local sum: 8,123,910 

State set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 52, 694, 5758, 6000, 7311, 10000, 47357, 120000, 121348, 202605, 

250000, 256000, 275000, 300000, 325000, 342920, 377749, 500000, 502756, 624497, 650000, 

2000000, 3483396} 

Local set: {0, 0, 25, 500, 2500, 5000, 10000, 14840, 15000, 15000, 23092, 27842, 35000, 50000, 

60000, 65000, 90000, 102300, 110000, 160000, 166000, 170000, 180000, 197000, 218000, 

284684, 300000, 300000, 300000, 300000, 309757, 350000, 358000, 469000, 514837, 535982, 

560000, 824551, 1000000} 

87. Can you launch latent searches against your criminal palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 63 

Yes 44 63 

No 0 0 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q82 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q88; No → Q89} 

88. Is your entire criminal palm print repository searchable against unsolved latent prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 62 

Yes 42 60 

No 2 2 
67 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q87 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q87 responded to this question. 

89. Does your criminal palm print repository contain ink palm prints? {No → Q93} 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 63 

Yes 30 43 

No 14 20 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q82 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q90; No → Q93} 

90. Which fingerprint card does your agency use for criminal palm print records? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 28 38

FD-884 Palm Print Cards 22 26

FD-884a Supplemental Finger and Palm Print Cards 7 8

Other 8 15

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q89 responded to this question. 

State agencies reporting “Other” indicated using another type of card, plain paper, or plain 

cardstock rather than the FD-884 Palm Print Cards. 

Local agencies reporting “Other” indicated using a state or local card, plain paper, or plain 

cardstock rather than the FD-884 Palm Print Cards. 
68 

91. Are ink palm prints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in your 

criminal palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 30 43 

Yes 19 21 

No 11 22 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q89 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q92; No → Q93} 

92. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 19 18

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 18 15

Other 2 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q91 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q91 responded to this question. 

93. Does your criminal palm print repository contain Live Scan palm prints? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 63 

Yes 43 61 

No 1 2 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q82 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q94; No → Q96} 
69 

94. Are Live Scan palm prints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in 

your criminal palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 43 61 

Yes 28 39 

No 15 22 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q93 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q95; No → Q96} 

95. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 28 38

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 26 34

Other 3 5

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q94 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q94 responded to this question. 

Civil Palm Print Repositories (Q96–Q109) 

96. Are civil palm print records included in your palm print repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 64 

Yes 2 10 

No 42 54 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q81 responded to this question. 
70 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q97; No → Q110} 

97. As of December 31, 2011, how many palm print records are in your civil palm print 

repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 1 6 

Exact Figure 0 1 

Approximate 

Figure 1 5 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q96 responded to this question. 

State sum: 22,000 

Local sum: 8,965 

State set: {22000} 

Local set: {100, 115, 250, 1000, 2500, 5000} 

98. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, does one civil palm print record 

routinely contain more information than the slap, flat, or plain impression of left and right 

palm prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 2 10 

Yes 1 7 

No 1 3 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q96 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q99; No → Q100} 
71 

99. According to the practices and procedures of your agency, please specify what a civil palm 

print record includes?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 1 6 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q98 responded to this question.

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q98 responded to this question. 

Agencies elaborated on the different parts of the palm that are included in their palm print 

records.

100. As of December 31, 2011, how many unique individuals are represented in your civil palm 

print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 0 6 

Exact Figure 0 2 

Approximate 

Figure 0 4 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q96 responded to this question. 

State sum: No response

Local sum: 6,475 

State set: No response

Local set: {10, 100, 115, 250, 1000, 5000} 
72 

101. Can you launch latent searches against your civil palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 2 10 

Yes 2 10 

No 0 0 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q96 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q102; No → Q103} 

102. Is your entire civil palm print repository searchable against unsolved latent prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 2 10 

Yes 2 10 

No 0 0 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q101 responded to this question. 

103. Does your civil palm print repository contain ink palm prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 2 10 

Yes 1 8 

No 1 2 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q96 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q104; No → Q107} 
73 

104. Which fingerprint card does your agency use for civil palm print records? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 1 8

FD-884 Palm Print Cards 1 4

FD-884a Supplemental Finger and Palm Print Cards 0 1

Other 0 6

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q103 responded to this question. 

Local agencies reporting “Other” indicated using a state or local card or plain cardstock rather 

than the FD-884 Palm Print Cards. 

105. Are ink palm prints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in your 

civil palm print repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 1 8 

Yes 0 4 

No 1 4 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q103 responded to this question. 

106. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 0 4

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 0 4

Other 0 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

No state agencies responded “Yes” to Q105, so no responses expected. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q105 responded to this question. 
74 

107. Does your civil palm print repository contain Live Scan palm prints? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 2 10 

Yes 2 10 

No 0 0 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q96 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q108; No → Q110} 

108. Are Live Scan palm prints required to meet a minimum quality standard to be included in 

your civil palm print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 2 10 

Yes 1 5 

No 1 5 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q107 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q107; No → Q110} 

109. Which minimum quality standard is used?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 1 5

Meets or exceeds minimum FBI standards 1 4

Other 0 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q108 responded to this question. 
75 

Criminal Repositories — Total Individuals (Q110) 

110. As of December 31, 2011, how many unique individuals are represented in your criminal 

repository, including all fingerprints and palm prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 41 58 

Exact Figure 22 18 

Approximate 

Figure 19 40 

One state agency reported “0” individuals are in their criminal repositories, which is included in 

the exact figure.

Three local agencies reported “0” individuals are in their criminal repositories, which are 

included in the exact figure. 

State sum: 76,286,376 

Local sum: 22,190,281 

State set: {0, 193339, 194242, 260117, 409000, 453236, 491300, 493677, 500000, 646669, 

662304, 708000, 722121, 776594, 1000000, 1031970, 1047531, 1100000, 1200000, 1300000, 

1313102, 1335405, 1400000, 1543111, 1618919, 1746263, 1762200, 1774020, 1800000, 

1900000, 2000000, 2064921, 2100000, 2500000, 3200000, 3493821, 3900000, 4300000, 

5500000, 5916032, 11928482} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 700, 1500, 2500, 14480, 15000, 15000, 17208, 19997, 20000, 27842, 35000, 

50000, 50000, 50000, 60000, 67000, 70000, 70000, 71000, 100000, 100000, 115000, 123000, 

166000, 200000, 246078, 257000, 280000, 300000, 318000, 400000, 400000, 400000, 428346, 

450000, 450000, 450000, 489328, 494287, 500000, 541295, 600000, 640000, 650000, 671000, 

745230, 914852, 1000000, 1170591, 1200000, 1207017, 1300000, 1358072, 1367958, 1500000} 
76 

Civil Repositories — Total Individuals (Q111) 

111. As of December 31, 2011, how many unique individuals are represented in your civil 

repository, including all fingerprints and palm prints?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 30 44 

Exact Figure 20 26 

Approximate 

Figure 10 18 

Twelve state agencies reported “0” individuals are in their civil repositories, which is included in 

the exact figure.

Twenty-three local agencies reported “0” individuals are in their civil repositories, which are 

included in the exact figure. 

State sum: 34,230,839 

Local sum: 2,360,098 

State set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 68400, 72379, 100500, 139614, 302907, 400000, 

493677, 708000, 907800, 1000000, 1047531, 1100000, 1200000, 1442527, 2843042, 4300000, 

4500000, 13604462} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 100, 115, 250, 700, 1000, 

2000, 2000, 2000, 2500, 10000, 10000, 12000, 20000, 27842, 60000, 69000, 70000, 100000, 

200000, 600000, 1170,591}
77 

Section 4: Latent Prints (Q112–Q141) 

This section asks respondents questions about their latent print repositories and how they handle 

receiving latent prints submitted from outside agencies for searching on their AFIS. Section 4 is 

divided into four subsections: (1) Latent Print Repositories; (2) Latent Prints Submitted from 

Outside LEAs; (3) Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs without an AFIS; and (4) Latent 

Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs with an AFIS. 

Latent Print Repositories (Q112–Q119)

112. Does your AFIS have an unsolved latent print repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 81 

Yes 48 76 

No 0 5 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q113; No → Q114} 

113. As of December 31, 2011, how many unsolved latents are in your latent print repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 39 57 

Exact Figure 24 25 

Approximate 

Figure 15 32 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q112 responded to this question. 

Three local agencies responded having “0” latent prints, which are included in the exact figure. 

State set: {271, 272, 344, 532, 750, 814, 1000, 1456, 3178, 5785, 6000, 6538, 7663, 8377, 8484, 

8926, 11834, 12000, 12291, 13000, 13203, 15000, 17021, 20000, 23050, 32295, 33583, 38000, 

48000, 50000, 58000, 66794, 92000, 100000, 115000, 120000, 136736, 239060, 256270} 
78 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 30, 212, 250, 300, 300, 386, 500, 650, 722, 800, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 

1071, 1100, 1102, 1200, 1249, 1841, 2500, 2500, 2696, 3000, 3849, 5000, 7085, 7315, 8000, 

8000, 9549, 10000, 11000, 13000, 16302, 16457, 17691, 19000, 23000, 25000, 30000, 31072, 

33000, 33818, 34662, 34814, 35000, 36000, 38609, 45000, 72500, 73000, 162007, 1000000} 

114. Are latent prints ever enrolled in your AFIS to search your tenprint repository and/or palm 

print repository?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 81 

Yes 48 74 

No 0 7 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q115; No → Q122} 

115. How are digital images of latent prints imported for enrollment in your AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 47 73

Software supplied by AFIS vendor 46 65

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 9 13

Other 6 18

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

116. Are latent prints ever scanned from hardcopy prior to enrollment in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 72 

Yes 46 68 

No 2 4 
79 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

117. How are latent prints encoded for searching on your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 47 73

Software supplied by AFIS vendor 47 71

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 9 14

Other 5 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

118. Are all unsolved latents enrolled in your AFIS encoded? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 70 

Yes 42 65 

No 6 5 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

119. Are unsolved latents ever removed from your AFIS before they are solved? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 72 

Yes 34 31 

No 14 41 
80 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs (Q120–Q123) 

120. Are any latent prints enrolled in your AFIS submitted from outside LEAs?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 73 

Yes 40 53 

No 8 20 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q114 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q123; No → Q121} 

121. Does your agency accept latent prints from outside LEAs for enrollment in your AFIS? 

{Yes → Q124} 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 8 20 

Yes 4 10 

No 4 10 

All state and local agencies that responded “No” to Q120 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q124; No → Q122} 
81 

122. Does your agency accept latent prints from outside LEAs for ad hoc searching without 

enrollment on your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 4 17 

Yes 1 9 

No 3 8 

All state and local agencies that responded “No” to Q114 and Q121 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q124; No → Q142} 

123. As of December 31, 2011, how many unsolved latents in your latent print repository are 

from outside LEAs? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 17 21 

Exact Figure 9 9 

Approximate 

Figure 8 12 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120 responded to this question. 

One state agency reports “0” unsolved latent prints in its latent print repository from outside 

LEAs, which is included in the exact figure. 

Five local agencies report “0” unsolved latent prints in their latent print repositories from outside 

LEAs, which are included in the exact figure. 

State set: {0, 6, 30, 100, 271, 500, 532, 814, 1630, 2000, 5000, 23000, 29352, 49000, 66794, 

75000, 100000} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 25, 25, 50, 50, 50, 60, 100, 100, 150, 250, 1761, 5000, 10220, 23000, 

24000} 
82 

Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs without an AFIS (Q124–Q132)

124. How do outside LEAs without an AFIS transmit latent prints to your AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 45 70

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 13 4 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

4 6 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 2 8 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 4 3

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email 

correspondence or fax to a human being at your agency.) 13 17 

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at your agency.) 34 55 

Other 6 7

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 15 reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 34 reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

125. How do outside LEAs without an AFIS enroll latent prints in your AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 44 69

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 8 4 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

2 6 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 2 3 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 4 2
83 

Response* State Local

Manual enrollment of latent image by a human being at my 

LEA 33 61 

Other 6 6

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this 

question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 26 reported manual enrollment of latent images by a human 

being at their LEA only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 51 reported manual enrollment of latent images by a human 

being at their LEA only. 

126. Does your AFIS automatically enroll without human intervention latent prints transmitted 

by any outside LEAs without an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 45 71 

Yes 4 4 

No 41 67 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

127. Do you scan any latent images submitted by outside LEAs without an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 45 72 

Yes 33 53 

No 12 19 
84 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this 

question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q128; No → Q130} 

128. Do you scan all latent images submitted by outside LEAs without an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 31 53 

Yes 15 33 

No 16 20 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q127 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q127 responded to this question. 

129. Why do you scan latent images submitted by outside LEAs without an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 27 50

Images have not been previously enrolled in an AFIS 16 42

Laws, regulations, or agency policy stipulate it 8 5

Other 10 9

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q127 responded to this question. 

Many of the “Other” responses were agencies stating in their own words that the images have not 

been previously enrolled in an AFIS. 
85 

130. Do you encode any latent images submitted by outside LEAs without an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 70 

Yes 29 44 

No 15 26 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this 

question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q131; No → Q133} 

131. Do you encode all latent images submitted by outside LEAs without an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 29 43 

Yes 25 35 

No 4 8 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q130 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q130 responded to this question. 

132. Why do you encode latent images submitted by outside LEAs without an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 27 41

Images have not been previously enrolled in an AFIS 19 36

Laws, regulations, or agency policy stipulate it 6 3

Other 8 8

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 
86 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q130 responded to this question. 

Many of the “Other” responses were agencies stating in their own words that the images have not 

been previously enrolled in an AFIS. 

Latent Prints Submitted from Outside LEAs with an AFIS (Q133–Q141) 

133. How do outside LEAs with an AFIS transmit latent prints to your AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 45 62

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 17 4 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

9 5 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 9 14 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 5 1

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email 

correspondence or fax to a human being at your agency.) 8 17 

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at your agency.) 22 33 

Other 3 11

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 11 reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 18 reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. Eight

reported that other agencies with an AFIS do not transmit latent prints to their agency.
87 

134. How do outside LEAs with an AFIS enroll latent prints in your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 44 60

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 16 4 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

10 7 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 8 12 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 5 1

Manual enrollment of latent image by a human being at my 

LEA 22 34 

Other 2 13

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this 

question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 17 reported manual enrollment of latent image by a human 

being at their LEA only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 28 reported manual enrollment of latent image by a human 

being at their LEA only. Nine reported that other agencies with an AFIS do not transmit latent 

prints to their agency. 

135. Does your AFIS automatically enroll without human intervention latent prints transmitted 

by any outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 44 65 

Yes 12 9 

No 32 56 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this 

question. 
88 

136. Do you rescan any latent images submitted by outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 45 69 

Yes 16 25 

No 29 44 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q137; No → Q139} 

137. Do you rescan all latent images submitted by outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to enrolling 

in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 15 25 

Yes 8 15 

No 7 10 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q136 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q136 responded to this question. 

138. Why do you rescan latent images submitted by outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 13 22

Data formats are incompatible due to different AFIS vendors 4 9

Data formats are incompatible but have the same AFIS 

vendor 2 0 

Images have not been previously enrolled in an AFIS 7 14
89 

Response* State Local

Laws, regulations, or agency policy stipulate it 3 2

Other 5 5

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q136 responded to this question. 

Many of the “Other” responses were agencies stating in their own words that the images have not 

been previously enrolled in an AFIS. 

139. Do you re-encode any latent images submitted by outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 45 68 

Yes 16 25 

No 29 43 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q120, Q121, or Q122 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q140; No → Q142} 

140. Do you re-encode all latent images submitted by outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 16 24 

Yes 13 18 

No 3 6 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q139 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q139 responded to this question. 
90

141. Why do you re-encode latent images submitted by outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in your AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 16 23

Data formats are incompatible due to different AFIS vendors 6 12

Data formats are incompatible but have the same AFIS 

vendor 2 0

Images have not been previously enrolled in an AFIS 9 15

Laws, regulations, or agency policy stipulate it 3 3

Other 6 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q139 responded to this question.

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q139 responded to this question.

Many of the “Other” responses were agencies stating in their own words that the images have not 

been previously enrolled in an AFIS.
91 

Section 5: Latent Searching on Your AFIS (Q142–Q183) 

This section asks respondents questions about the latent searching capacities and capabilities on 

their AFIS and how they handle receiving search requests from outside agencies with an AFIS.

Section 5 is divided into five subsections: (1) Latent Searching Capacities and Capabilities on 

Your AFIS; (2) Latent Search Launches on Your AFIS; (3) Search Requests from LEAs with an 

AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE; (4) Search Requests from LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR 

STATE; and (5) Latent Search Candidate Lists. 

Latent Searching Capacities and Capabilities on Your AFIS (Q142–Q145) 

142. Do you know the maximum latent print search capacity per day of your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 76 

Yes 23 22 

No 25 54 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q143; No → Q145} 

143. What is the maximum latent print search capacity per day of your AFIS?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 23 18 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q142 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q142 responded to this question. 

State set: {25, 25, 30, 30, 50, 50, 50, 100, 100, 100, 100, 200, 323, 323, 323, 323, 323, 323, 323, 

323, 555, 600, 7000} 

Local set: {15, 32, 35, 50, 50, 50, 70, 97, 100, 150, 150, 200, 200, 200, 250, 960, 1000, 1000} 
92 

144. Have you ever exceeded this capacity?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 23 22 

Yes 2 4 

No 21 18 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q142 responded to this question. 

145. Does your AFIS have “lights out” search capability for latents? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 69 

Yes 5 26 

No 43 43 

Latent Search Launches on Your AFIS (Q146–Q163)

146. Do you keep a record of the total number of latent searches launched on your AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 33 48 

No 15 29 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q147; No → Q149} 
93 

147. How many latent searches were launched on your AFIS in 2011? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 28 37 

Exact Figure 21 26 

Approximate 

Figure 7 11 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q146 responded to this question. 

One local agency reported “0” latent searches were launched on its AFIS in 2011, which is

included in the exact figure. 

State set: {300, 465, 478, 1123, 1251, 1421, 1500, 1600, 1772, 2092, 3393, 3470, 3500, 3743, 

5194, 5348, 6534, 6700, 6712, 7017, 7200, 9847, 14467, 15000, 15545, 18676, 26451, 28156} 

Local set: {0, 23, 50, 100, 136, 193, 250, 380, 461, 471, 497, 500, 500, 500, 569, 686, 694, 785, 

979, 1000, 1000, 1051, 1447, 1576, 1578, 2494, 2912, 3003, 3500, 4245, 4941, 5096, 5248, 

6174, 7500, 7674, 9500} 

148. Were any of these searches requested by outside LEAs?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 33 47 

Yes 28 36 

No 5 11 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q146 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q146 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {No → Q149; Yes → Q150} 
94 

149. Are outside LEAs able to request searches of your AFIS against latent prints submitted 

from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 20 41 

Yes 13 28 

No 7 13 

All state agencies that responded “No” to Q146 and Q148 responded to this question. 

One extra local agency that responded “No” to Q146 and Q148 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q150; No → Q158} 

150. How are outside LEAs able to launch searches on your AFIS against latent prints submitted 

from their LEA?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 39 64

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 16 5 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service”

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

11 9 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 4 10 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 4 2

Manual launch of latent search by a human being at my LEA 24 47

Other 5 5

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q148 and Q149 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q148 and Q149 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 12 reported manually launching latent searches by a human 

being at their LEA only. 
95 

Of the local agencies responding, 38 reported manually launching latent searches by a human 

being at their LEA only. 

151. Do you keep a record of the number of latent searches launched on your AFIS requested by 

outside LEAs? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 41 64 

Yes 15 24 

No 26 40 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q148 and Q149 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q152; No → Q156} 

152. Do you keep a record of these searches by Originating Agency Number (ORI)? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 15 25 

Yes 11 8 

No 4 17 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q151 responded to this question. 

One extra local agency that responded “Yes” to Q151 responded to this question. 
96 

153. How many latent searches launched on your AFIS in 2011 were requested by outside 

LEAs?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 11 18 

Exact Figure 8 13 

Approximate 

Figure 3 5 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q151 responded to this question. 

One state agency reported “0” latent searches were launched on its AFIS in 2011, which is 

included in the exact figure. 

Two local agencies reported “0” latent searches were launched on their AFIS in 2011, which are 

included in the exact figure. 

State set: {0, 500, 2970, 3177, 3743, 6300, 6632, 6632, 14500, 15555, 18655} 

Local set: {0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 18, 25, 25, 60, 100, 575, 673, 1082, 2200, 3500} 

154. How many latent searches launched on your AFIS in 2011 were requested by outside LEAs 

WITHIN YOUR STATE? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 10 17 

Exact Figure 7 13 

Approximate 

Figure 3 4 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q151 responded to this question. 

These answers track very closely with those of Q153. 

One state agency reported “0” latent searches were launched on its AFIS in 2011, which is 

included in the exact figure. 

Two local agencies reported “0” latent searches were launched on their AFIS in 2011, which are 

included in the exact figure. 
97 

State set: {0, 500, 1500, 3439, 3439, 3738, 6300, 14255, 14990, 18655} 

Local set: {0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 18, 25, 25, 55, 100, 575, 673, 1082, 2200} 

155. How many latent searches launched on your AFIS in 2011 were requested by outside LEAs 

OUTSIDE YOUR STATE? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 8 18 

Exact Figure 6 18 

Approximate 

Figure 2 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q151 responded to this question.

Two state agencies reported “0” latent searches were launched on their AFIS in 2011, which are 

included in the exact figure. 

Seventeen local agencies reported “0” latent searches were launched on their AFIS in 2011, 

which are included in the exact figure. Only one local agency reported launching searches. One 

possible conclusion is that local LEAs are not receiving search requests from LEAs outside their 

state. 

State set: {0, 0, 5, 10, 100, 1300, 3193, 3193} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5} 

156. Were all of the latent searches requested by outside LEAs associated with a major crime 

under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 39 62 

Yes 13 25 

No 26 37 
98 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q148 and Q149 responded to this 

question. 

157. Is a cost or fee charged to outside LEAs to search your AFIS against latent prints submitted 

from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 40 64 

Yes 0 6 

No 40 58 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q148 and Q149 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q148 and Q149 responded to this question. 

158. Since your AFIS has been installed or upgraded, has your agency ever rejected search 

requests from outside LEAs without an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 9 8 

No 39 69 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q159; No → Q160} 

159. Why were the search requests denied?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 8 8

Submitted fingerprint and/or palm print was of poor quality 7 4

Submitted latent image was not high enough resolution 3 1

My AFIS did not have enough capacity to handle request 0 0

My agency did not have enough staff to handle request 0 4
99 

Response* State Local

Agency policy does not permit searching for outside LEAs 0 1

Other 1 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q158 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q158 responded to this question. 

160. Since your AFIS has been installed or upgraded, has your agency ever rejected search 

requests from outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 5 4 

No 43 73 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q161; No → Q162} 

161. Why were the search requests denied?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 5 4

Submitted fingerprint and/or palm print was of poor quality 4 2

Submitted latent image was not high enough resolution 3 0

My AFIS did not have enough capacity to handle request 0 0

My agency did not have enough staff to handle request 0 1

Agency policy does not permit searching for outside LEAs 0 1

Other 1 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q160 responded to this question. 
100 

162. Do you prioritize latent searches on your AFIS based on criteria associated with the 

criminal offense under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 20 40 

No 28 37 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q163; No → Q164} 

163. How would you describe which latent searches get the highest priority on your AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 20 40

All crimes within my jurisdiction are prioritized over all 

crimes outside my jurisdiction. 0 2 

Major crimes are prioritized regardless of the jurisdiction. 17 34 

Major crimes are prioritized regardless of when they 

occurred. 13 17 

Major crimes within my jurisdiction are prioritized over 

major crimes outside my jurisdiction. 3 11 

Minor crimes within my jurisdiction are prioritized over 

major crimes outside my jurisdiction. 0 0 

Recent minor crimes within my jurisdiction are prioritized 

over past major crimes outside my jurisdiction. 0 1 

Major crimes outside my jurisdiction are prioritized over 

minor crimes inside my jurisdiction. 4 14 

The most recent crimes are prioritized regardless of the 

jurisdiction. 1 2 

The most recent crimes are prioritized regardless of whether 

they are major or minor. 2 1 

Other 3 1 

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q162 responded to this question. 

Two state agencies reporting “Other” cited processing latent prints in the order received and one 

state agency reporting “Other” cited using a default priority that can be manually adjusted. 
101 

The one local agency reporting “Other” elaborated on its prioritization in addition to responding 

to other answer options. 

Search Requests from LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE (Q164–Q168) 

164. Do LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE ever request your agency to search your 

AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 22 33 

No 26 44 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q165; No → Q169} 

165. Do LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE routinely request your agency to search 

your AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 22 33 

Yes 17 10 

No 5 23 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q164 responded to this question. 

166. What type of LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE request your agency to search 

your AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 22 32 

State LEA 2 7 
102 

Response State Local 

Local LEA 22 29 

Tribal LEA 1 0 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q164 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q164 responded to this question. 

167. How would you describe the methods LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE use to 

launch searches on your AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 21 32

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 8 3 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

7 3 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 3 5 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 4 1

Manual launch of latent search by a human being at my LEA 10 26

Other 3 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q164 responded to this question. 

Of the local agencies responding, 21 reported manual launch of latent searches by a human being 

at their LEA only. 

168. How would you describe the methods your agency uses to return search results to LEAs 

with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 22 32

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 8 3 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 6 2
103 

Response* State Local

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 3 5 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 3 0

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email 

correspondence or fax to a human being at their agency.) 6 19 

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at their agency.) 12 18 

Other 1 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q164 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q164 responded to this question.

State agencies reported using non-electronic methods to return search results more than any 

specific type of electronic method. Four state agencies reported using non-electronic methods 

only. 

Local agencies reported using non-electronic ad hoc methods to return search results on par with 

electronic ad hoc methods. Five local agencies reported using non-electronic methods only. 

Search Requests from LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE (Q169–Q177) 

169. Do LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE ever request your agency to search your 

AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 37 35 

No 11 42 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q170; No → Q178} 
104 

170. Do LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE routinely request your agency to search 

your AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 37 35 

Yes 20 9 

No 17 26 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

171. What type of LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE request your agency to search 

your AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 37 33 

State LEA 37 17 

Local LEA 34 31 

Tribal LEA 2 0 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 34 reported that both state and local agencies with an AFIS 

outside their state request their agency to search their AFIS.

Of the state agencies responding, 15 reported that both state and local agencies with an AFIS 

outside their state request their agency to search their AFIS.
105 

172. Do LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in states that share a border with your 

state frequently submit search requests?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 36 34 

Yes 16 7 

No 20 27 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

173. Do LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in states that do not share a border with 

your state frequently submit search requests?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 36 34 

Yes 7 2 

No 29 32 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question.

174. Do LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in states that share a major interstate 

highway with your state frequently submit search requests? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 37 35 

Yes 14 7 

No 23 28 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q175; No → Q176} 
106 

175. Which major interstate highway?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 13 6 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q174 responded to this question. 

State set: {I-5, I-5, I-5, I-15, I-15, I-25, I-29, I-40, I-70, I-70, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-84, 

I-90, I-90, I-90, I-90, I-90, I-95, I-205 (OR/WA)}

Local set: {I-5, I-8, I-10, I-15, I-15, I-20, I-75, I-75, I-75, I-95, I-95} 

176. How would you describe the methods LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE use to 

launch searches on your AFIS against latent prints submitted from their LEA?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 37 34

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 2 1 

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

1 1 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 10 3 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 1 0

Manual launch of latent search by a human being at my LEA 22 29

Other 5 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question. 

Two state agencies that reported “Other” indicated some form of manual searching or launching, 

so the manual launch of latent searches by a human being is likely 24 rather than 22. 

Of the state agencies responding, 21 reported manual launch of latent searches by a human being 

at their LEA only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 28 reported manual launch of latent searches by a human being 

at their LEA only. 
107

177. How would you describe the methods your agency uses to return search results to LEAs 

with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 37 33

Direct connection to my AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by my LEA 2 1

Direct connection to my AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by my LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

1 1

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 9 3

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 0 0

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email 

correspondence or fax to a human being at their agency.) 11 17

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at their agency.) 21 22

Other 4 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question.

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q169 responded to this question.

State agencies reported using non-electronic methods to return search results more than any 

specific type of electronic method. Twelve state agencies reported using non-electronic methods 

only.

Local agencies reported using non-electronic ad hoc methods to return search results more than 

any specific type of electronic method. Ten local agencies reported using non-electronic methods 

only.
108 

Latent Search Candidate Lists (Q178–Q183) 

178. Do you keep a record of the total number of searches that yielded a candidate list that 

helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 31 37 

No 17 40 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q179; No → Q184} 

179. How many searches in 2011 yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person 

associated with the crime under investigation?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 25 28 

Exact Figure 20 24 

Approximate 

Figure 5 4 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q178 responded to this question.

More than four of the reported local figures may be approximate. 

State set: {26, 40, 56, 87, 150, 158, 158, 163, 198, 250, 264, 306, 350, 366, 382, 706, 770, 814, 

1069, 1259, 1514, 1870, 1900, 2200, 2606} 

Local set: {2, 3, 3, 5, 8, 20, 35, 40, 45, 50, 52, 60, 78, 91, 96, 100, 103, 125, 150, 164, 432, 561, 

600, 744, 907, 935, 975, 1072} 
109 

180. Were any of these searches requested by outside LEAs?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 31 36 

Yes 19 16 

No 12 20 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q178 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q178 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q181; No → Q184} 

181. How many of these searches requested by outside LEAs in 2011 yielded a candidate list 

that helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 10 13 

Exact Figure 9 12 

Approximate 

Figure 1 1 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q180 responded to this question. 

One state agency reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure. 

State set: {0, 26, 60, 75, 264, 975, 1171, 1498, 1514, 1800} 

Local set: {2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 8, 8, 10, 14, 15, 85, 138, 600} 
110 

182. How many of these searches requested by outside LEAs WITHIN YOUR STATE in 2011 

yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime 

under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 8 13 

Exact Figure 7 12 

Approximate 

Figure 1 1 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q180 responded to this question. 

One local agency reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure. 

State set: {26, 60, 70, 264, 975, 1498, 1314, 1800} 

Local set: {0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 14, 15, 85, 138, 600} 

183. How many of these searches requested by outside LEAs OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in 2011 

yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime 

under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 8 13 

Exact Figure 8 13 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q180 responded to this question. 

Seven state agencies reported “0” for this question, which are included in the exact figure. 

Ten local agencies reported “0” for this question, which are included in the exact figure. 

State set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 5, 8} 
111 

Section 6: Latent Searching on Another AFIS (Q184–Q224) 

This section asks respondents questions about launching latent searches on outside AFIS and 

how they handle submitting latent print search requests to outside agencies with an AFIS.

Section 6 is divided into four subsections: (1) Latent Prints Submitted to Outside LEAs with an 

AFIS; (2) Latent Search Launches on AFISes of Outside LEAs; (3) Search Requests to LEAs 

with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE; and (4) Search Requests to LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE 

YOUR STATE. 

Latent Prints Submitted to Outside LEAs with an AFIS (Q184–Q192) 

184. How do you transmit latent prints to outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 46 71

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 6 7 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

6 11 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 14 13 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 26 17

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email 

correspondence or fax to a human being at their agency.) 5 24 

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at their agency.) 13 27 

Other 6 12

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Of the state agencies responding, six reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

Of the state agencies responding, 14 reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

Of the state agencies responding, eight reported ULW only. Twelve state agencies that reported 

using ULW made an additional note in “Other” that ULW is used to access FBI IAFIS. These 

clarifying comments are not reflected in the “Other” counts. Two state agencies noted that FBI 

IAFIS is the only external system to which they transmit latent prints. In each case, this is done 

via ULW. Four state agencies that reported “Other” indicated that they do not transmit latent 

prints to outside LEAs. It is unclear whether they included FBI IAFIS as an outside LEA.

Six local agencies that reported “Other” indicated that they either do not transmit latent prints to 

outside LEAs or that this activity was not applicable.
112 

185. How do you enroll latent prints on the AFIS of outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 42 66

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 7 7 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

6 9 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 7 12 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 20 17

Manual enrollment of latent image by a human being at their 

LEA 13 31 

Other 6 14

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Of the state agencies responding, nine reported manual launch of a latent search by a human 

being at another LEA only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 24 reported manual launch of a latent search by a human being 

at another LEA only. 

Four state agencies that reported “Other” indicated that they do not transmit latent prints to 

outside LEAs or that this activity was not applicable. It is unclear whether they included FBI 

IAFIS as an outside LEA.

Eight local agencies that reported “Other” indicated that they either do not transmit latent prints 

to outside LEAs or that this activity was not applicable. 

186. Do you automatically enroll without human intervention latent prints transmitted to the 

AFIS of any outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 43 70 

Yes 9 14 

No 34 56 
113 

187. Do you rescan any latent images submitted to outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to enrolling 

in their AFIS?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 77 

Yes 7 17 

No 40 60 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q188; No → Q190} 

188. Do you rescan all latent images submitted to outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to enrolling 

in their AFIS?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 6 17 

Yes 2 9 

No 4 8 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q187 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q187 responded to this question. 

189. Why do you rescan latent images submitted to outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in their AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 5 14

Data formats are incompatible due to different AFIS vendors 2 9

Data formats are incompatible but have the same AFIS 

vendor 0 1 

Laws, regulations, or agency policy stipulate it 3 3

Other 1 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q187 responded to this question. 
114 

190. Do you re-encode any latent images submitted to outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in their AFIS?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 76 

Yes 16 21 

No 31 55 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q191; No → Q193} 

191. Do you re-encode all latent images submitted to outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in their AFIS?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 14 21 

Yes 8 14 

No 6 7 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q190 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q190 responded to this question. 

192. Why do you re-encode latent images submitted to outside LEAs with an AFIS prior to 

enrolling in their AFIS?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 15 20

Data formats are incompatible due to different AFIS vendors 12 15

Data formats are incompatible but have the same AFIS 

vendor 0 0 

Laws, regulations, or agency policy stipulate it 3 3

Other 1 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q190 responded to this question. 
115 

Eight state agencies that reported “Other” provided clarification that they re-encode because data 

formats are incompatible with FBI IAFIS. These clarifying comments are not reflected in the 

“Other” counts.

Latent Search Launches on AFIS of Outside LEAs (Q193–Q210) 

193. Do you keep a record of the total number of latent searches your agency has requested from 

outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 77 

Yes 15 23 

No 32 54 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q194; No → Q198} 

194. Do you keep a record of these searches by Originating Agency Number (ORI)? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 15 22 

Yes 8 8 

No 7 14 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q193 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q193 responded to this question. 
116 

195. How many latent searches has your agency requested in 2011 from outside LEAs with an 

AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 13 18 

Exact Figure 13 18 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q193 responded to this question. 

WIN states all reported the same value. 

Five local agencies reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure.

State set: {85, 126, 450, 565, 565, 565, 565, 565, 565, 565, 565, 2294, 7345} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 5, 10, 10, 40, 49, 70, 193, 1151, 1639, 3129, 5248} 

196. How many latent searches has your agency requested in 2011 from outside LEAs with an 

AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 12 17 

Exact Figure 12 17 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q193 responded to this question. 

WIN states all reported the same value. 

Three state agencies reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure.

Seven local agencies reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure. 

State set: {0, 0, 0, 90, 195, 195, 195, 195, 195, 195, 195, 195} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 10, 32, 40, 49, 193, 471, 851, 2935, 5248} 
117 

197. How many latent searches has your agency requested in 2011 from outside LEAs with an 

AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 12 18 

Exact Figure 12 18 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q193 responded to this question. 

WIN states all reported the same value. 

One state agency reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure. 

Nine local agencies reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure.

State set: {0, 36, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 370, 450, 7345} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 13, 23, 38, 194, 788} 

198. How are you able to launch searches on the AFIS of outside LEAs against latent prints 

submitted from your agency? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 43 69

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 3 9 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

4 11 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 13 17 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 15 19

Manual launch of latent search by a human being at their 

LEA 10 32 

Other 9 9

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 
118 

Three state agencies that reported using ULW made an additional note in “Other” that ULW is 

used to access FBI IAFIS. These clarifying comments are not reflected in the “Other” counts. 

The state agencies reporting “Other” generally noted that they did not search external systems, or 

if they did, that FBI IAFIS is the only external system to which they transmit latent prints. 

Seven local agencies reporting “Other” generally noted either that they did not search external 

systems or that this question was not applicable. 

Of the state agencies responding, six reported manual launch of a latent search by a human being 

at another LEA only. 

Of the local agencies responding, 23 reported manual launch of a latent search by a human being 

at another LEA only. 

199. Were all of the latent searches requested by your agency associated with a major crime 

under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 40 71 

Yes 19 29 

No 21 42 

200. Do any outside LEAs with an AFIS charge a cost or fee to search their AFIS against latent 

prints submitted from your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 43 71 

Yes 0 4 

No 43 67 
119 

201. Has any outside LEAs with an AFIS ever rejected search requests from your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 77 

Yes 1 2 

No 46 75 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q202; No → Q203} 

202. Why were the search requests denied?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 1 1

Submitted fingerprint and/or palm print was of poor quality 1 1

Submitted latent image was not high enough resolution 1 0

My AFIS did not have enough capacity to handle request 0 0

My agency did not have enough staff to handle request 0 0

Agency policy does not permit searching for outside LEAs 0 0

Other 0 0

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q201 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q201 responded to this question. 

203. Do you keep a record of the total number of searches of outside LEAs with an AFIS that 

yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime 

under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 77 

Yes 6 14 

No 41 63 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q204; No → Q207} 
120 

204. How many searches of outside LEAs with an AFIS in 2011 yielded a candidate list that 

helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 4 11 

Exact Figure 4 11 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q203 responded to this question.

Four local agencies reported “0” for this question, which are included in the exact figure. 

State set: {4, 6, 31, 975} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 10, 78, 114, 123, 135} 

205. How many of these searches requested of outside LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR 

STATE in 2011 yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person associated 

with the crime under investigation?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 3 11 

Exact Figure 3 11 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q203 responded to this question. 

One state agency reported “0” for this question, which is included in the exact figure. 

Four local agencies reported “0” for this question, which are included in the exact figure. 

State set: {0, 21, 291} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 10, 78, 112, 115, 116} 
121 

206. How many of these searches requested of outside LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR 

STATE in 2011 yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person associated 

with the crime under investigation?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 4 11 

Exact Figure 4 11 

Approximate 

Figure 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q203 responded to this question. 

Seven local agencies reported “0” for this question, which are included in the exact figure. 

State set: {4, 6, 10, 67} 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 6, 8, 19} 

207. What motivates your agency to search outside LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 32 66

Heinousness or severity of the crime involved. 5 42

Mandatory policy to search other agencies for all unsolved 

serious crimes. 0 6 

Mandatory policy to search other agencies for all unsolved 

crimes. 3 14 

Other 26 27

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

The state agencies reporting “Other” generally noted that they were the only AFIS in the state, 

did not search external systems, searched only FBI IAFIS, or that this question was not 

applicable. 

The local agencies reporting “Other” noted a variety of motivating factors, such as to expand the 

search if no match is returned in their local AFIS or suspicion of prior residency in the state by a 

suspect under investigation. A few agencies noted that they do not search external systems or 

that the question is not applicable.

Of the local agencies responding, 26 reported heinousness or severity of the crime involved as 

the only motivating factor to search outside LEAs. 
122 

208. What factors enhance your agency’s ability to search LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR 

STATE? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 29 62

My agency is adequately resourced to conduct intrastate 

searches. 5 15 

My agency is directly connected with other agencies. (A 

direct connection would include a dedicated terminal or 

other authorized network capability that would permit “selfservice”.)

4 28 

My agency has established relationships with other LEAs 

with an AFIS. 5 32 

My agency’s AFIS is compatible with the AFIS of other 

LEAs. 2 23 

Other 22 12

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

The state agencies reporting “Other” generally noted that they were the only AFIS in the state, 

did not search external systems, searched only FBI IAFIS, or that this question was not 

applicable. 

Five local agencies reporting “Other” noted that they do not search external systems or that the 

question is not applicable. The remaining local agencies reporting “Other” provided clarifying 

comments regarding their multiple choice answers.

209. What motivates your agency to search outside LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR 

STATE? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 39 65

Heinousness or severity of the crime involved. 23 53

Mandatory policy to search other agencies for all unsolved 

serious crimes. 5 5 

Mandatory policy to search other agencies for all unsolved 

crimes. 8 8 

Other 22 18

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

The state agencies reporting “Other” noted a variety of motivating factors, such as specific needs 

related to an investigation, a crime occurring near a border, policy and practice related to 

searching FBI IAFIS, or access to other states in a multistate network as motivating factors to 

search outside the state.
123 

Of the state agencies responding, 10 reported heinousness or severity of the crime involved as 

the only motivating factor to search outside LEAs.

The local agencies reporting “Other” noted a variety of motivating factors, such as specific needs 

related to an investigation, a crime occurring near a border, policy and practice related to 

searching FBI IAFIS, or access to other states in a multistate network as motivating factors to 

search outside the state. A few agencies noted that they do not search external systems or that the 

question is not applicable. 

Of the local agencies responding, 38 reported heinousness or severity of the crime involved as 

the only motivating factor to search outside LEAs. 

210. What factors enhance your agency’s ability to search LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR 

STATE? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 37 59

My agency is adequately resourced to conduct intrastate 

searches. 7 14 

My agency is directly connected with other state agencies. (A 

direct connection would include a dedicated terminal or 

other authorized network capability that would permit “selfservice”.)

14 19 

My agency has established relationships with other LEAs 

with an AFIS. 16 28 

My agency’s AFIS is compatible with the AFIS of other 

LEAs. 9 17 

Other 19 14

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Twelve state agencies reporting “Other” noted connectivity to FBI IAFIS and/or ULW as a 

factor that enhances their ability to search LEAs outside their state. Four state agencies 

elaborated on their direct connectivity to other states. 

Five local agencies reporting “Other” noted connectivity to FBI IAFIS and/or ULW as a factor 

enhances their ability to search LEAs outside their state. One local agency indicated connectivity 

with other agencies along interstate highways. 
124 

Search Requests to LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE (Q211–Q215) 

211. Does your agency ever request LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE to search their 

AFIS against latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 77 

Yes 4 39 

No 44 38 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q212; No → Q216} 

212. Does your agency routinely request LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE to search 

their AFIS against latent prints submitted from your agency?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 4 38 

Yes 2 26 

No 2 12 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 

213. What type of LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE does your agency request to 

search their AFIS against latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 3 39 

State LEA 1 32 

Local LEA 3 15 
125 

Response State Local 

Tribal LEA 0 0 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, one reported requesting searches from both state and local 

agencies with an AFIS within their state.

Of the local agencies responding, eight reported requesting searches from both state and local 

agencies with an AFIS within their state.

214. How would you describe the methods your agency uses to launch searches on the AFIS of 

LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE against latent prints submitted from your 

agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 4 39

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 0 5 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

3 14 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 2 8 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 1 5

Manual launch of latent search by a human being at their 

LEA 0 20 

Other 0 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 
126 

215. How would you describe the methods LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE use to 

return search results to your agency? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 4 38

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 0 6 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

3 13 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 2 8 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 1 5

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email 

correspondence or fax to a human being at your agency.) 0 14 

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at your agency.) 0 15 

Other 0 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q211 responded to this question. 

Of the local agencies responding, four reported using non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

Search Requests to LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE (Q216–Q224) 

216. Does your agency ever request LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE to search 

their AFIS against latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 78 

Yes 30 35 

No 17 43 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q217; No → Q225} 
127 

217. Does your agency routinely request LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE to search 

their AFIS against latent prints submitted from your agency?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 30 35 

Yes 13 11 

No 17 24 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

218. What type of LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE does your agency request to 

search their AFIS against latent prints submitted from your agency?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 24 27 

State LEA 23 21 

Local LEA 16 16 

Tribal LEA 0 0 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, 15 reported requesting searches from both state and local 

agencies with an AFIS outside their state.

Of the local agencies responding, 10 reported requesting searches from both state and local 

agencies with an AFIS outside their state.
128 

219. Do you frequently search LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in states that share 

a border with your state? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 27 33 

Yes 11 6 

No 16 27 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

220. Do you frequently search LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in states that do not 

share a border with your state?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 28 35 

Yes 11 7 

No 17 28 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

221. Do you frequently search LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in states that share 

a major interstate highway with your state? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 30 35 

Yes 11 6 

No 19 29 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 
129 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q222; No → Q223} 

222. Which major interstate highway?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 10 5 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q221 responded to this question. 

State set: {I-5, I-5, I-5, I-5, I-15, I-15, I-25, I-40, I-70, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-84, I-84, I-90, I-90, 

I-90, I-90, I-95, I-205 (OR/WA)} 

Local set: {I-5, I-8, I-10, I-15, I-15, I-15, I-40, I-55, I-95} 

223. How would you describe the methods your agency uses to launch searches on the AFIS of 

LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE against latent prints submitted from your 

agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 29 34

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 0 1 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

5 5 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 10 7 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 13 12

Manual launch of latent search by a human being at their 

LEA 14 22 

Other 4 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, six reported manual launch of a latent search by a human being 

at another LEA only. 
130 

Of the local agencies responding, 17 reported manual launch of a latent search by a human being 

at another LEA only. 

224. How would you describe the methods LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE use to 

return search results to your agency? 

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 29 33

Direct connection to their AFIS through a dedicated terminal 

provided by their LEA 1 1 

Direct connection to their AFIS through authorized network 

capability provided by their LEA that permits “self-service” 

(For example, a password protected web interface or 

automated secure email address.)

5 4 

Direct connection between AFISes through a multi-agency or 

multi-jurisdictional AFIS network 11 6 

Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) 13 10

Electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via email

correspondence or fax to a human being at your agency.) 8 18 

Non-electronic ad hoc methods (For example, via mail or 

private carrier to a human being at your agency.) 12 15 

Other 1 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q216 responded to this question. 

Of the state agencies responding, three reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 

Of the local agencies responding, four reported non-electronic ad hoc methods only. 
131 

Section 7: Relaunching Searches (Q225-Q240) 

This section asks respondents questions about their practice of launching and relaunching 

searches of tenprints and palm prints against latent prints, and vice versa, on a recurring basis.

Section 7 is divided into four subsections: (1) Tenprint to Latent Print Searching; (2) Unsolved 

Latent Search Relaunching – Latent Print to Tenprint; (3) Palm Print to Latent Print Searching; 

and (4) Unsolved Latent Search Relaunching – Latent Print to Palm Print. 

Tenprint to Latent Print Searching (Q225–Q228) 

225. Do you automatically launch a search of a new tenprint record when it is enrolled in your 

AFIS against your unsolved latent repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 78 

Yes 48 63 

No 0 15 

226. Do you launch searches of new tenprints against your unsolved latent repository scheduled 

at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 78 

Yes 16 28 

No 32 50 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q227; No → Q229} 
132 

227. How often do you launch searches of new tenprints against your unsolved latent repository 

scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 15 28 

Daily 10 14 

Weekly 0 1 

Monthly 0 2 

Other 5 11 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q226 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q226 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” generally indicated that searches are launched upon enrollment or on 

a case-by-case basis but not necessarily at regular intervals.

228. Are these scheduled searches automatically launched? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 16 27 

Yes 16 20 

No 0 7 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q226 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q226 responded to this question. 
133 

Unsolved Latent Search Relaunching – Latent Print to Tenprint (Q229–Q232) 

229. Do you ever relaunch searches of unsolved latent prints against your tenprint repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 78 

Yes 35 56 

No 13 22 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q230; No → Q233} 

230. Do you relaunch searches of unsolved latent prints against your tenprint repository 

scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 35 56 

Yes 5 12 

No 30 44 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q229 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q231; No → Q233} 

231. How often do you relaunch searches of unsolved latent prints against your tenprint 

repository scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses

4 12 

Daily 1 2 

Weekly 0 3 

Monthly 1 1 
134 

Response State Local 

Other 2 6 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q230 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q230 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” generally indicated that searches are launched upon enrollment or on 

a case-by-case basis but not necessarily at regular intervals.

232. Are these scheduled searches automatically launched? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 5 12 

Yes 1 5 

No 4 7 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q230 responded to this question. 

Palm Print to Latent Print Searching (Q233–Q236)

233. Do you automatically launch a search of a new palm print record when it is enrolled in your 

AFIS against your unsolved latent repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 77 

Yes 41 54 

No 6 23 
135 

234. Do you launch searches of new palm prints against your unsolved latent repository 

scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 78 

Yes 13 20 

No 35 58 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q235; No → Q237} 

235. How often do you launch searches of new palm prints against your unsolved latent 

repository scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 13 19 

Daily 9 10 

Weekly 0 2 

Monthly 0 1 

Other 4 6 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q234 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q234 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” generally indicated that searches are launched upon enrollment or on 

a case-by-case basis but not necessarily at regular intervals.
136 

236. Are these scheduled searches automatically launched?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 13 20 

Yes 13 16 

No 0 4 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q234 responded to this question. 

Unsolved Latent Search Relaunching – Latent Print to Palm Print (Q237–Q240) 

237. Do you ever relaunch searches of unsolved latent prints against your palm print repository? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 78 

Yes 32 47 

No 16 31 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q238; No → Q241} 

238. Do you relaunch searches of unsolved latent prints against your palm print repository 

scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 32 47 

Yes 6 8 

No 26 39 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q237 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q239; No → Q241} 
137 

239. How often do you relaunch searches of unsolved latent prints against your palm print 

repository scheduled at regular time intervals?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses

6 7 

Daily 3 2 

Weekly 0 2 

Monthly 0 1 

Other 3 2 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q238 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q238 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” generally indicated that searches are launched upon enrollment or on 

a case-by-case basis but not necessarily at regular intervals.

240. Are these scheduled searches automatically launched?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 6 8 

Yes 3 6 

No 3 2 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q238 responded to this question. 
138 

Section 8: Official Agreements with Outside LEAs with an AFIS (Q241–Q245) 

This section asks respondents questions about official agreements, such as memoranda of 

understanding, with other agencies and about their participation in AFIS networks. 

241. Do you have a memorandum of understanding (MOU), service level agreement (SLA), or 

other written agreement pertaining to AFIS usage with any outside LEAs with an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 78 

Yes 24 26 

No 23 52 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q242; No → Q243} 

242. Does your AFIS share a direct connection with the AFIS of any outside LEAs for the 

purposes of exchanging fingerprint and/or palm print information? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 23 26 

Yes 21 19 

No 2 7 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q241 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q241 responded to this question. 
139 

243. Do you belong to an AFIS network that includes more than one LEA? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 78 

Yes 28 47 

No 19 31 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q244; No → Q246} 

244. What is the name of the network?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 23 41 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q243 responded to this question. 

State and local agencies that responded provided the name or a description of the network to 

which they belonged. Some networks were within single states while others were multistate. The 

Western Identification Network (WIN) was the largest multistate network reported.

245. What types of LEAs are part of the AFIS network? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 26 47 

State 21 29 

Local 21 34 

Tribal 1 2 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q243 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q243 responded to this question. 
140

Of the state agencies reporting, 16 report belonging to an AFIS network with both state and local 

LEAs participating.

Of the local agencies reporting, 16 report belonging to an AFIS network with both state and local 

LEAs participating.

Based on the comments provided at the end of Section 8, more analysis of the data is needed to 

determine whether some of the reported AFIS networks actually involve a connection between 

two or more AFIS. States agencies maintaining one central AFIS with distributed terminals or 

workstations to local LEAs should be characterized appropriately. Likewise, local agencies 

maintaining one central AFIS with distributed terminals or workstations to other local LEAs 

should be characterized appropriately.
141 

Section 9: Supporting Local LEAs That Do Not Have an AFIS (Q246–Q261) 

This section asks respondents questions about supporting local agencies that do not have their 

own AFIS with fingerprint services related to searching latent prints.

246. Do you directly support any local LEAs that do not have an AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 48 78 

Yes 43 52 

No 5 26 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q247; No → Q262} 

247. How many local LEAs do you directly support that do not have their own AFIS? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 25 49 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

State total: 4,519 

Local total: 541

State set: {0, 1, 4, 7, 13, 35, 39, 54, 69, 75, 75, 80, 82, 82, 100, 132, 160, 217, 240, 250, 360, 

435, 441, 600, 968} 

Local set: {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 

10, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 15, 20, 21, 25, 26, 26, 35, 39, 100} 
142 

248. Do you have a memorandum of understanding (MOU), service level agreement (SLA), or 

other written agreement pertaining to AFIS usage with any of these local LEAs you 

directly support? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 42 52 

Yes 11 16 

No 31 36 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q249; No → Q250} 

249. Do you have a memorandum of understanding (MOU), service level agreement (SLA), or 

other written agreement pertaining to AFIS usage with all of these local LEAs you directly 

support? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 11 16 

Yes 9 11 

No 2 5 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q248 responded to this question. 

250. Do any of these local LEAs forward tenprints to your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 42 52 

Yes 38 26 

No 4 26 
143 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q251; No → Q252} 

251. Do all of these local LEAs forward tenprints to your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 36 26 

Yes 28 14 

No 8 12 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q250 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q250 responded to this question. 

252. Do any of these local LEAs forward palm prints to your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 42 52 

Yes 34 22 

No 8 30 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q253; No → Q254} 
144 

253. Do all of these local LEAs forward palm prints to your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 34 22 

Yes 13 12 

No 21 10 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q252 responded to this question. 

254. Do any of these local LEAs forward unsolved latent prints to your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 42 52 

Yes 39 35 

No 3 17 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q255; No → Q256} 

255. Do all of these local LEAs forward unsolved latent prints to your agency? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 39 35 

Yes 21 23 

No 18 12 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q254 responded to this question. 
145 

256. Do you launch latent searches on your AFIS on behalf of these local LEAs? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 42 52 

Yes 40 46 

No 2 6 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q246 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q257; No → Q262} 

257. Do you keep a record of the number of latent searches launched on your AFIS on behalf of 

these local LEAs?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 40 46 

Yes 16 20 

No 24 26 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q256 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q258; No → Q260} 

258. Do you keep a record of the number of latent searches launched by Originating Agency 

Number (ORI)?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 16 18 

Yes 9 6 

No 7 12 
146 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q257 responded to this question. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q257 responded to this question. 

259. How many latent searches were launched on your AFIS in 2011 on behalf of these local 

LEAs?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 10 15 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q257 responded to this question. 

State set: {9, 150, 300, 550, 1500, 2004, 3843, 4209, 6339, 8744} 

Local set: {0, 1, 5, 9, 10, 20, 25, 58, 60, 96, 500, 673, 900, 3500, 14385} 

260. Do you keep a record of the number of searches on behalf of these local LEAs that yielded 

a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under 

investigation? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 40 46 

Yes 16 17 

No 24 29 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q256 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q261; No → Q262} 
147

261. How many of these searches on behalf of these local LEAs yielded a candidate list that 

helped identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation?

Response State Local

Number of 

Responses 9 11

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q260 responded to this question.

State set: {0, 26, 40, 50, 60, 145, 145, 163, 267}

Local set: {0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 15, 21, 60, 79, 600, 1143}
148 

Section 10: Latent Print Personnel (Q262–Q272) 

This section asks respondents questions about latent print personnel at the responding agencies. 

262. How many employees in your agency have job functions related to the content of this 

survey? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 43 76 

State set: {1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 15, 15, 

15, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, 20, 30, 35, 52, 66, 70, 75, 100} 

Local set: {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 

4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 15, 15, 16, 21, 22, 22, 23, 25, 

26, 28, 29, 30, 30, 35, 37, 43, 58, 66} 

263. Does your agency employ latent examiners? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses

47 79 

Yes 46 73 

No 1 6 

264. What best describes who scans latent prints at your agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 47 79

AFIS Manager 6 25

Latent Unit Manager 18 18

Latent Examiner 44 69

Tenprint Examiner 3 6

Fingerprint Specialist 3 9

Fingerprint Technician 6 8

Forensic Investigator 2 12
149 

Response* State Local

Forensic Technician 4 10

Other 4 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

265. What best describes who encodes latent prints at your agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 46 74

AFIS Manager 5 22

Latent Unit Manager 18 15

Latent Examiner 41 66

Tenprint Examiner 3 7

Fingerprint Specialist 3 8

Fingerprint Technician 5 5

Forensic Investigator 2 13

Forensic Technician 4 6

Other 4 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

266. What best describes who launches latent searches at your agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 47 78

AFIS Manager 5 23

Latent Unit Manager 18 19

Latent Examiner 44 70

Tenprint Examiner 2 7

Fingerprint Specialist 3 10

Fingerprint Technician 6 5

Forensic Investigator 1 13

Forensic Technician 4 8

Other 3 4

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 
150 

267. What best describes who adjudicates candidate lists from a latent search at your agency?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 47 75

AFIS Manager 5 19

Latent Unit Manager 19 18

Latent Examiner 43 65

Tenprint Examiner 2 4

Fingerprint Specialist 2 8

Fingerprint Technician 7 3

Forensic Investigator 2 12

Forensic Technician 3 6

Other 3 5

*Agencies could choose all that apply.

268. Do any of the people who adjudicate candidate lists have appropriate education, training, or 

experience?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 79 

Yes 47 74 

No 0 5 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q269; No → Q270} 

269. Do all of the people who adjudicate candidate lists have appropriate education, training, or 

experience?

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 73 

Yes 47 72 

No 0 1 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q268 responded to this question. 
151 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q268 responded to this question. 

270. Do any of the people who adjudicate candidate lists have certification? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 47 79 

Yes 39 52 

No 8 27 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q271; No → Addendum} 

271. Do all of the people who adjudicate candidate lists have certification? 

Response State Local 

Number of 

Responses 39 52 

Yes 13 19 

No 26 33 

All state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q270 responded to this question. 

272. What kind of certification?

Response* State Local

Number of Responses 37 51

International Association of Identification (IAI) 33 46

Other 10 12

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state and local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q270 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” indicate certification from various entities, such as the FBI and 

specific state and local entities.
152 

State Addendum

This section asks state agency respondents state-specific questions. The State Addendum is 

divided into six subsections: (1) Local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE; (2) Search 

Frequencies; (3) Search Frequencies with Local LEAs with an AFIS; (4) Search Frequencies 

with State LEAs with an AFIS; (5) Your State Agency Searching the FBI; and (6) Your State 

Agency Searching Other Federal Agencies.

Local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE (Q1–Q9) 

1. Do any local LEAs WITHIN YOUR STATE have an AFIS? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 48 

Yes 34 

No 14 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q2; No → Q10} 

2. Do you keep a record of how many local LEAs WITHIN YOUR STATE have an AFIS? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 33 

Yes 23 

No 10 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q1 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q3; No → Q4}

3. How many local LEAs WITHIN YOUR STATE have an AFIS? 

Number of 

Responses 23 
153 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q2 responded to this question. 

State set: {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 10, 12, 20, 25} 

4. Do any of these local LEAs forward tenprints to your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 33 

Yes 31 

No 2 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q1 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q5; No → Q6}

5. Do all of these local LEAs forward tenprints to your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 31 

Yes 29 

No 2 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q2 responded to this question. 

6. Do any of these local LEAs forward palm prints to your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 33 

Yes 28 

No 5 
154 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q1 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q7; No → Q8}

7. Do all of these local LEAs forward palm prints to your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 28 

Yes 18 

No 10 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q6 responded to this question. 

8. Do any of these local LEAs forward unsolved latent prints to your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 33 

Yes 24 

No 9 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q1 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q7; No → Q8}

9. Do all of these local LEAs forward unsolved latent prints to your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 23 

Yes 15 

No 8 
155 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q8 responded to this question. 

Search Frequencies (Q10–Q11)

10. How would you best define “frequently” searching outside LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN 

YOUR STATE? 

Response

Number of Responses 45

1 search per day 4

3 searches per day 5

10 searches per day 5

30 searches per day 4

100 searches per day 1

300 searches per day 0

1,000 searches per day 3

1 search per week 2

3 searches per week 0

10 searches per week 1

30 searches per week 0

100 searches per week 0

300 searches per week 0

1,000 searches per week 0

1 search per month 2

3 searches per month 1

10 searches per month 1

30 searches per month 1

100 searches per month 0

300 searches per month 1

1,000 searches per month 2

1 search per year 7

3 searches per year 0

10 searches per year 0

30 searches per year 2

100 searches per year 1

300 searches per year 1

1,000 searches per year 1
156 

11. How would you best define “frequently” searching outside LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE 

YOUR STATE? 

Response

Number of Responses 45

1 search per day 5

3 searches per day 4

10 searches per day 3

30 searches per day 3

100 searches per day 2

300 searches per day 1

1,000 searches per day 2

1 search per week 0

3 searches per week 0

10 searches per week 0

30 searches per week 0

100 searches per week 0

300 searches per week 0

1,000 searches per week 2

1 search per month 1

3 searches per month 2

10 searches per month 1

30 searches per month 1

100 searches per month 1

300 searches per month 1

1,000 searches per month 1

1 search per year 5

3 searches per year 2

10 searches per year 4

30 searches per year 0

100 searches per year 3

300 searches per year 0

1,000 searches per year 1

Search Frequencies with Local LEAs with an AFIS (Q12–Q21)

12. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 27 
157 

Response

No 17 

13. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 45 

Yes 5 

No 40 

14. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in a state that shares a border 

with your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 45 

Yes 10 

No 35 

15. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in a state 

that shares a border with your state?

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 8 

No 36 
158 

16. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in a state that does not share a 

border with your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 43 

Yes 7 

No 36 

17. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE in a state 

that does not share a border with your state? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 5 

No 39 

18. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE that shares a major interstate 

highway with your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 46 

Yes 7 

No 39 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q19; No → Q20} 

19. Which major interstate highway connects your jurisdictions? 

Number of 

Responses 7 
159 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q18 responded to this question. 

State set: {I-5, I-5, I-5, I-15, I-29, I-40, I-70, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-84, I-90, I-94, US 2, US 83, US 

85} 

20. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE that share 

a major interstate highway with your state? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 46 

Yes 7 

No 39 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q19; No → Q20} 

21. Which major interstate highway connects your jurisdictions? 

Number of 

Responses 7 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q18 responded to this question. 

State set: {I-5, I-15, I-29, I-29, I-40, I-70, I-80, I-80, I-90, I-90, I-94, I-695 (MD), US 2, US 83, 

US 85} 

Search Frequencies with State LEAs with an AFIS (Q22–Q29)

22. Do state LEAs with an AFIS in states that border your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 12 

No 32 
160 

23. Do you frequently search the AFIS of state LEAs in states that border your state?

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 13 

No 31 

24. Do state LEAs with an AFIS in states that do not border your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 9 

No 35 

25. Do you frequently search the AFIS of state LEAs in states that do not border your state?

Response

Number of 

Responses 44 

Yes 8 

No 36 

26. Do any state LEAs with an AFIS in states that share a major interstate highway with your 

state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 46 

Yes 11 
161 

Response

No 35 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q27; No → Q28} 

27. Which major interstate highway connects your states? 

Number of 

Responses 11 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q26 responded to this question. 

State set: {I-5, I-5, I-5, I-15, I-15, I-25, I-29, I-29, I-70, I-70, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-84, I-90, 

I-90, I-90, I-90, I-94, I-95, US 2, US 83, US 85} 

28. Do you frequently search any state LEAs with an AFIS in states that share a major 

interstate highway with your jurisdiction?

Response

Number of 

Responses 46 

Yes 11 

No 35 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q29; No → Q30} 

29. Which major interstate highway connects your states? 

Number of 

Responses 11 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q28 responded to this question. 

State set: {I-5, I-5, I-5, I-15, I-15, I-25, I-29, I-29, I-70, I-70, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-80, I-84, I-90, 

I-90, I-90, I-90, I-94, I-95, US 2, US 83, US 85} 
162 

Your State Agency Searching the FBI (Q30–Q50)

30. Does your agency ever request the FBI search IAFIS against latent prints submitted from 

your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses

46 

Yes 41 

No 5 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q31; No → Q48} 

31. Does your agency routinely request the FBI search IAFIS against latent prints submitted 

from your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 40 

Yes 31 

No 9 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

32. Can your agency request the FBI search IAFIS against latent prints submitted on behalf of 

any local LEA in your state? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 40 

Yes 38 

No 2 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 
163 

33. How does your agency transmit latent prints to the FBI to search IAFIS? 

Response*

Number of Responses 40

Electronically 39

Non-electronically 2

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

34. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to submit any latent prints 

to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 37 

No 4 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question.

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q35; No → Q36} 

35. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to submit all latent prints 

to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 35 

Yes 26 

No 9 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q34 responded to this question. 
164 

36. Do you rescan any latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 15 

No 26 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q37; No → Q38} 

37. Do you rescan all latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 14 

Yes 8 

No 6 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q36 responded to this question. 

38. Do you re-encode any latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 25 

No 16 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q39; No → Q40} 
165 

39. Do you re-encode all latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 23 

Yes 17 

No 6 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q38 responded to this question. 

40. Has the FBI ever rejected search requests from your agency due to submitted latent print 

images not meeting FBI minimum quality standards?

Response

Number of 

Responses 37 

Yes 9 

No 28 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

41. How does the FBI return search results to your agency?

Response*

Number of Responses 40

Electronically 39

Non-electronically 1

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 
166 

42. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to receive any search 

results from the FBI?

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 34 

No 7 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q43; No → Q44} 

43. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to receive all search results 

from the FBI?

Response

Number of 

Responses 33 

Yes 29 

No 4 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q42 responded to this question. 

44. Do you keep a record of the number of latent prints submitted to the FBI for searches? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 14 

No 27 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q45; No → Q46} 
167 

45. How many latent prints did you submit in 2011 to the FBI for searches? 

Number of 

Responses 7 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q44 responded to this question. 

State set: {2, 10, 25, 27, 134, 2000, 10170} 

46. Do you keep a record how many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped 

identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation?

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 13 

No 28 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q30 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q47; No → Q48} 

47. How many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or 

person associated with the crime under investigation?

Number of 

Responses 6 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q46 responded to this question. 

State set: {0, 3, 3, 5, 85, 10170} 
168 

48. Does your state participate in the Interstate Identification Index (III) National Fingerprint 

File (NFF)?

Response

Number of 

Responses 42 

Yes 29 

No 13 

49. Is your agency familiar with the Name of Designated Repository (NDR) field in the 

Electronic Biometric Transmission Specification (EBTS)?

Response

Number of 

Responses 38 

Yes 20 

No 18 

50. Would your agency be willing to numerically designate its fingerprint repository and/or 

palm print repository in the Name of Designated Repository (NDR) field in the Electronic 

Biometric Transmission Specification (EBTS)?

Response

Number of 

Responses 41 

Yes 7 

No 2 

Unsure 32 
169 

Your State Agency Searching Other Federal Agencies (Q51–Q58)

51. Does your agency ever directly request other Federal agencies search their repositories 

against latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 47 

Yes 6 

No 41 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q52; No → End} 

52. Does your agency routinely directly request other Federal agencies search their repositories 

against latent prints submitted from your agency?

Response

Number of 

Responses 6 

Yes 2 

No 4 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q51 responded to this question. 

53. Which other Federal agencies do you directly request to search their repositories against 

latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response*

Number of Responses 5

Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Immigration and Customs 

Enforcement (ICE) 4 

DHS, U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) 3

DHS, US-VISIT 3

Other DHS agency 0

Department of State (DOS) 0

Other 0

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 
170 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q51 responded to this question. 

54. How would you describe the modes your agency uses to search other Federal agencies? 

Response*

Number of Responses 5

My agency searches other Federal agencies using ad hoc methods. 3

My agency is directly connected with other Federal agencies. (A direct 

connection would include a dedicated terminal or other authorized 

network capability that would permit “self-service”.)

1 

My agency searches other Federal agencies using FBI IAFIS. 3

Other 0

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q51 responded to this question. 

55. Do you keep a record of the number of latent prints submitted to other Federal agencies for 

searches?

Response

Number of 

Responses 6 

Yes 0 

No 6 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q51 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q56; No → Q57} 

56. How many latent prints did you submit in 2011 to other Federal agencies for searches? 

Number of 

Responses 0 

No state agencies responded “Yes” to Q55. 
171 

57. Do you keep a record how many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped 

identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation?

Response

Number of 

Responses 6 

Yes 1 

No 5 

All state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q51 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q58; No → End} 

58. How many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or 

person associated with the crime under investigation?

Number of 

Responses 0 

No state agencies that responded “Yes” to Q51 responded to this question. 
172 

Local Addendum

This section asks local agency respondents local-specific questions. The Local Addendum is 

divided into six subsections: (1) Your Local Agency; (2) Search Frequencies; (3) Search 

Frequencies with Local LEAs with an AFIS; (4) Search Frequencies with State LEAs with an 

AFIS; (5) Your Local Agency Searching the FBI; and (6) Your Local Agency Searching Other 

Federal Agencies.

Your Local Agency (Q1–Q11)

1. How would you describe the jurisdiction served by your agency? 

Response

Number of Responses 77

City 27

County 43

Other 7

2. What is your service area?

Number of 

Responses 71 

Responding agencies briefly reported their service area (e.g., a specific county). 

3. Which state LEA in your state maintains an AFIS?

Number of 

Responses 77 

Responding agencies reported the name or acronym of the state LEA that maintains an AFIS. 

The responses were consistent within each state.
173 

4. Is your AFIS and the state AFIS made by the same vendor? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 77 

Yes 35 

No 42 

5. Are your AFIS and the state AFIS compatible with respect to latent prints?

Response

Number of 

Responses 77 

Yes 44 

No 33 

6. Does your agency forward tenprints to your state LEA? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 79 

Yes 70 

No 9 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q7; No → Q8} 

7. Does your agency forward all tenprints to your state LEA? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 69 

Yes 52 
174 

Response

No 17 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q6 responded to this question. 

8. Does your agency forward palm prints to your state LEA?

Response

Number of 

Responses 79 

Yes 63 

No 16 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q9; No → Q10} 

9. Does your agency forward all palm prints to your state LEA?

Response

Number of 

Responses 63 

Yes 50 

No 13 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q8 responded to this question. 

10. Does your agency forward unsolved latent prints to your state LEA?

Response

Number of 

Responses 79 

Yes 43 

No 36 
175 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q11; No → Q12} 

11. Does your agency forward all unsolved latent prints to your state LEA?

Response

Number of 

Responses 42 

Yes 19 

No 23 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q10 responded to this question. 

Search Frequencies (Q12–Q13)

12. How would you best define “frequently” searching outside LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN 

YOUR STATE? 

Response

Number of Responses 78

1 search per day 10

3 searches per day 8

10 searches per day 5

30 searches per day 3

100 searches per day 1

300 searches per day 1

1,000 searches per day 0

1 search per week 3

3 searches per week 6

10 searches per week 0

30 searches per week 1

100 searches per week 2

300 searches per week 1

1,000 searches per week 0

1 search per month 3

3 searches per month 6

10 searches per month 3

30 searches per month 4

100 searches per month 0

300 searches per month 3
176 

Response

1,000 searches per month 0

1 search per year 7

3 searches per year 3

10 searches per year 4

30 searches per year 1

100 searches per year 2

300 searches per year 1

1,000 searches per year 0

13. How would you best define “frequently” searching outside LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE 

YOUR STATE? 

Response

Number of Responses 78

1 search per day 12

3 searches per day 6

10 searches per day 1

30 searches per day 2

100 searches per day 0

300 searches per day 0

1,000 searches per day 0

1 search per week 3

3 searches per week 2

10 searches per week 0

30 searches per week 1

100 searches per week 0

300 searches per week 0

1,000 searches per week 0

1 search per month 8

3 searches per month 5

10 searches per month 3

30 searches per month 3

100 searches per month 0

300 searches per month 0

1,000 searches per month 0

1 search per year 19

3 searches per year 6

10 searches per year 3

30 searches per year 2

100 searches per year 1

300 searches per year 1

1,000 searches per year 0
177 

Search Frequencies with Local LEAs with an AFIS (Q14–Q27)

14. Do any local LEAs that share a border with your jurisdiction WITHIN YOUR STATE have 

an AFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 51 

No 27 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q15; No → Q16} 

15. Do these local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE that share a border with your 

jurisdiction frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 49 

Yes 15 

No 34 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q14 responded to this question. 

16. Do you frequently search these local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE that share 

a border with your jurisdiction? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 72 

Yes 14 

No 58 
178 

17. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE that do not share a border with 

your jurisdiction frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 72 

Yes 9 

No 63 

18. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS WITHIN YOUR STATE that do not 

share a border with your jurisdiction?

Response

Number of 

Responses

73 

Yes 13 

No 60 

19. Do any local LEAs that share a border with your jurisdiction OUTSIDE YOUR STATE

have an AFIS? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 16 

No 62 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q20; No → Q21} 
179 

20. Do these local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE that share a border with your 

jurisdiction frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 14 

Yes 5 

No 9 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q19 responded to this question. 

21. Do you frequently search these local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE that 

share a border with your jurisdiction?

Response

Number of 

Responses 72 

Yes 6 

No 66 

22. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE that do not share a border with 

your jurisdiction frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 71 

Yes 3 

No 68 
180 

23. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS OUTSIDE YOUR STATE that do 

not share a border with your jurisdiction? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 72 

Yes 5 

No 67 

24. Do any local LEAs with an AFIS that share a major interstate highway with your 

jurisdiction frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 11 

No 67 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q25; No → Q26} 

25. Which major interstate highway connects your jurisdictions? 

Number of 

Responses 10 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q24 responded to this question. 

Local set: {I-5, I-15, I-40, I-40, I-55, I-70, I-75, I-75, I-84, I-85, I-95, I-95, I-95, US 101 (CA)}
181 

26. Do you frequently search any local LEAs with an AFIS that share a major interstate 

highway with your jurisdiction? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 13 

No 65 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q27; No → Q28} 

27. Which major interstate highway connects your jurisdictions? 

Number of 

Responses 12 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q26 responded to this question. 

Local set: {I-5, I-5, I-8, I-15, I-15, I-15, I-35, I-35, I-40, I-40, I-40, I-55, I-84, I-85, I-85, I-95, 

US 101 (CA), State Hwy 400 (GA)} 

Search Frequencies with State LEAs with an AFIS (Q28–Q36)

28. Do you frequently search your state LEA? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 76 

Yes 56 

No 20 
182 

29. Do you frequently search the AFIS of state LEAs in states that border your state?

Response

Number of 

Responses 76 

Yes 11 

No 65 

30. Do you frequently search the AFIS of state LEAs in states that do not border your state? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 76 

Yes 5 

No 71 

31. Do state LEAs with an AFIS in states that border your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 74 

Yes 6 

No 68 

32. Do state LEAs with an AFIS in states that do not border your state frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 73 

Yes 1 

No 72 
183 

33. Do any state LEAs with an AFIS in states that share a major interstate highway with your 

jurisdiction frequently search you? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 4 

No 74 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q34; No → Q35} 

34. Which major interstate highway connects your jurisdictions? 

Number of 

Responses 3 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q33 responded to this question. 

Local set: {I-5, I-40, I-55, I-95} 

35. Do you frequently search any state LEAs with an AFIS that share a major interstate 

highway with your jurisdiction?

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 14 

No 64 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q36; No → Q37} 

36. Which major interstate highway connects your jurisdictions? 

Number of 

Responses 13 
184 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q35 responded to this question. 

Local set: {I-5, I-5, I-5, I-5, I-8, I-10, I-15, I-15, I-15, I-16, I-20, I-35, I-35, I-40, I-40, I-55, I-75, 

I-75, I-84, I-95, I-95, I-95, I-285 (GA), I-495 (MD/VA)} 

Your Local Agency Searching the FBI (Q37–Q57)

37. Does your agency ever request the FBI search IAFIS against latent prints submitted from 

your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 78 

Yes 63 

No 15 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q38; No → Q56} 

38. Does your agency routinely request the FBI search IAFIS against latent prints submitted 

from your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 62 

Yes 36 

No 26 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 
185 

39. How does your agency submit latent prints to the FBI to search IAFIS? 

Response*

Number of Responses 63

My agency directly submits latent prints to the FBI. 29

My agency forwards latent prints to the state LEA for submission to the 

FBI. 30 

Other 10

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” indicated using ULW or forwarding latent prints to a larger local

agency for submission to the FBI, or elaborated on their response. 

40. How does your agency transmit latent prints to the FBI to search IAFIS? 

Response*

Number of Responses 62

Electronically 52

Non-electronically 10

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

41. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to submit any latent prints 

to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 63 

Yes 47 

No 16 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q42; No → Q43} 
186 

42. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to submit all latent prints 

to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 47 

Yes 29 

No 18 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q41 responded to this question. 

43. Do you rescan any latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 63 

Yes 24 

No 39 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q44; No → Q45} 

44. Do you rescan all latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 23 

Yes 17 

No 6 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q43 responded to this question. 
187 

45. Do you re-encode any latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 63 

Yes 31 

No 32 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q46; No → Q47} 

46. Do you re-encode all latent images prior to submitting to the FBI to search IAFIS?

Response

Number of 

Responses 31 

Yes 26 

No 5 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q45 responded to this question. 

47. Has the FBI ever rejected search requests from your agency due to submitted latent print 

images not meeting FBI minimum quality standards?

Response

Number of 

Responses 59 

Yes 8 

No 51 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 
188 

48. How does your agency receive search results from the FBI?

Response*

Number of Responses 59

My agency directly receives search results from the FBI. 33

My agency receives search results from the FBI through the state LEA. 28

Other 5

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” indicated using ULW or elaborating on their response. 

49. How does the FBI return search results to your agency?

Response*

Number of Responses 62

Electronically 55

Non-electronically 7

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

50. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to receive any search 

results from the FBI?

Response

Number of 

Responses 63 

Yes 43 

No 20 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q51; No → Q52} 
189 

51. Does your agency use the Universal Latent Workstation (ULW) to receive all search results 

from the FBI?

Response

Number of 

Responses 39 

Yes 34 

No 5 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q50 responded to this question. 

52. Do you keep a record of the number of latent prints submitted to the FBI for searches?

Response

Number of 

Responses 62 

Yes 25 

No 37 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q53; No → Q54} 

53. How many latent prints did you submit in 2011 to the FBI for searches? 

Number of 

Responses 20 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q52 responded to this question. 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 20, 23, 25, 30, 38, 106, 194, 197, 350, 5400} 
190 

54. Do you keep a record how many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped 

identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation?

Response

Number of 

Responses 62 

Yes 24 

No 38 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q37 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q55; No → Q56} 

55. How many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or 

person associated with the crime under investigation?

Number of 

Responses

18 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q54 responded to this question. 

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 8, 13, 19} 

56. Is your agency familiar with the Name of Designated Repository (NDR) field in the 

Electronic Biometric Transmission Specification (EBTS)?

Response

Number of 

Responses 76 

Yes 20 

No 56 
191 

57. Would your agency be willing to numerically designate its fingerprint repository and/or 

palm print repository in the Name of Designated Repository (NDR) field in the Electronic 

Biometric Transmission Specification (EBTS)?

Response

Number of 

Responses 75 

Yes 8 

No 2 

Unsure 65 

Your Local Agency Searching Other Federal Agencies (Q58–Q65)

58. Does your agency ever directly request other Federal agencies search their repositories 

against latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response

Number of 

Responses 77 

Yes 21 

No 56 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q59; No → End} 

59. Does your agency routinely directly request other Federal agencies search their repositories 

against latent prints submitted from your agency?

Response

Number of 

Responses 20 

Yes 5 

No 15 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question. 
192 

60. Which other Federal agencies do you directly request to search their repositories against 

latent prints submitted from your agency? 

Response*

Number of Responses 21

Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Immigration and Customs 

Enforcement (ICE) 19 

DHS, U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) 7

DHS, US-VISIT 7

Other DHS agency 1

Department of State (DOS) 0

Other 0

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question.

One agency reporting “Other” indicated searching the United States Secret Service, which is 

listed here as “Other DHS agency” rather than “Other.” 

61. How would you describe the modes your agency uses to search other Federal agencies? 

Response*

Number of Responses 20

My agency searches other Federal agencies using ad hoc methods. 12

My agency is directly connected with other Federal agencies. (A direct 

connection would include a dedicated terminal or other authorized 

network capability that would permit “self-service”.)

0 

My agency searches other Federal agencies using FBI IAFIS. 2

Other 6

*Agencies could choose all that apply. 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question. 

Agencies reporting “Other” briefly described how they search other Federal agencies. These 

approaches could generally be included as ad hoc methods. 
193 

62. Do you keep a record of the number of latent prints submitted to other Federal agencies for 

searches?

Response

Number of 

Responses 21 

Yes 7 

No 14 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q63; No → End} 

63. How many latent prints did you submit in 2011 to other Federal agencies for searches? 

Number of 

Responses 6 

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q62 responded to this question. 

Local set: {0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 100} 

64. Do you keep a record of how many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped 

identify a suspect or person associated with the crime under investigation?

Response

Number of 

Responses 21 

Yes 8 

No 13 

All local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q58 responded to this question. 

Skip Pattern: {Yes → Q65; No → End} 
194

65. How many of these searches yielded a candidate list that helped identify a suspect or 

person associated with the crime under investigation?

Number of 

Responses 5

Not all local agencies that responded “Yes” to Q64 responded to this question.

Local set: {0, 0, 0, 1, 1}