Industry Kind-of-Business

and Type of Construction

Summary: 2002

2002 Economic Census

Construction

Subject Series

Issued January 2006

EC02-23SG-2

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division under the direction of

Mendel D. Gayle, Assistant Division Chief for Census and Related Programs who was responsible for

the overall planning, management, and coordination. Susan Bucci, Chief, Construction and Minerals

Branch, assisted by Michael Blake, Section Chief, and Tom Flood, Keith Fuller, Robert Miller, and

Robert Rosati, Special Assistants, performed the planning and implementation. Delsey Newman,

Donald Powers, John Roehl, Linda Taylor, and Robert Wright provided primary staff assistance.

Arminta N. Quash, Chief, Census and Related Programs Support Branch, assisted by

Kimberly DePhillip, Section Chief, performed overall coordination of the publication process.

Theresa Crowley, Patrick Duck, Michael Flaherty, Taylor C. Murph, and Veronica White

provided primary staff assistance.

Mathematical and statistical techniques, as well as the coverage operations, were provided by

Paul Hsen, Assistant Division Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by Stacey Cole,

Chief, Manufacturing Methodology Branch, and Robert Struble, Section Chief. Jeffrey Dalzell and

Cathy Gregor provided primary staff assistance.

Eddie J. Salyers, Assistant Division Chief of Economic Planning and Coordination Division, was

responsible for overseeing the editing and tabulation procedures and the interactive analytical software.

Dennis Shoemaker and Kim Wortman, Special Assistants, John D. Ward, Chief, Analytical Branch,

and Brandy L. Yarbrough, Chief, Edit Branch, were responsible for developing the systems and

procedures for data collection, editing, review, and correction. Donna L. Hambric, Chief of the

Economic Planning Staff, was responsible for overseeing the systems and information for dissemination.

Douglas J. Miller, Chief, Tables and Dissemination Branch, assisted by Lisa Aispuro, Jamie Fleming,

Andrew W. Hait, Kathy G. Padgett, and John Walsh, were responsible for developing the data

dissemination systems and procedures.

The Geography Division staff, Robert LaMacchia, Chief, developed geographic coding procedures and

associated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Howard R. Hogan, Chief, developed and

coordinated the computer processing systems. Barry F. Sessamen, Assistant Division Chief for Post

Collection, was responsible for design and implementation of the processing system and computer

programs. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Macro Analytical Branch, assisted by Apparao V. Katikineni and

Edward F. Johnson, provided computer programming and implementation.

The Systems Support Division provided the table composition system. Robert Joseph Brown, Table

Image Processing System (TIPS) Senior Software Engineer, was responsible for the design and

development of the TIPS, under the supervision of Robert J. Bateman, Assistant Division Chief,

Information Systems.

The staff of the National Processing Center performed mailout preparation and receipt operations,

clerical and analytical review activities, and data entry.

Wanda Cevis, Margaret A. Smith, Bernadette J. Beasley, and Michael T. Browne of the

Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publication and

printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic

media. General direction and production management were provided by James R. Clark, Assistant

Division Chief, and Susan L. Rappa, Chief, Publications Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation contributed to the

publication of these data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Industry Kind-of-Business

and Type of Construction

Summary: 2002

2002 Economic Census

Construction

Subject Series

Issued January 2006

EC02-23SG-2

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez,

Secretary

David A. Sampson,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Vacant,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,

Associate Director

for Economic Programs

C. Harvey Monk, Jr.,

Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

Mendel D. Gayle,

Acting Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Vacant,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director

Hermann Habermann,

Deputy Director and

Chief Operating Officer
CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census v 

Construction ix 

Tables

1. Selected Statistics for Establishments by Housing Starts Size

Class: 2002 1 

2. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Type of

Construction: 2002 2 

3. Value of Business Done for Establishments by KindofBusiness

Activity: 2002 6 

4. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Location of

Construction Work: 2002 11 

Appendixes

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1 

C. Methodology C–1 

D. Geographic Notes  

E. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas  

Not applicable for this report.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary iii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the

nation’s economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the

general public. Title 13 of the United States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census

Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, covering years ending in “2” and “7.”

The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures

as the gross domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes,

and other statistical series that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses

of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the federal government use the data to monitor economic activity and

to assess the effectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assess business activities and tax bases within

their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to

keep their members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 2002 Economic Census are published primarily according to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NAICS was first adopted in the United States, Canada,

and Mexico in 1997. The 2002 Economic Census covers the following NAICS sectors:

21 Mining

22 Utilities

23 Construction

31-33 Manufacturing

42 Wholesale Trade

44-45 Retail Trade

48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

55 Management of Companies and Enterprises

56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services

61 Educational Services

62 Health Care and Social Assistance

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

72 Accommodation and Food Services

81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially

covered by the census of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the

Public Administration sector (NAICS 92), largely covered by the census of governments conducted

by the Census Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 100 subsectors (three-digit codes), 317 industry groups

(four-digit codes), and, as implemented in the United States, 1,179 industries (six-digit codes).

2002 Economic Census Introduction v

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
RELATIONSHIP TO HISTORICAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Prior to the 1997 Economic Census, data were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular care

should be taken in comparing data for retail trade, wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are

sector titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The

1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC demonstrates the relationships between

NAICS and SIC industries. Where changes are significant, it may not be possible to construct time

series that include data for points both before and after 1997.

Most industry classifications remained unchanged between 1997 and 2002, but NAICS 2002

includes substantial revisions within the construction and wholesale trade sectors, and a number

of revisions for the retail trade and information sectors. These changes are noted in industry definitions and will be demonstrated in the Bridge Between NAICS 2002 and NAICS 1997.

For 2002, data for enterprise support establishments (those functioning primarily to support the

activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as a warehouse or a research and

development laboratory) are included in the industry that reflects their activities (such as warehousing). For 1997, such establishments were termed auxiliaries and were excluded from industry

totals.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than

one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, shop, or other location.

Each establishment is assigned a separate industry classification based on its primary activity and

not that of its parent company. (For selected industries, only payroll, employment, and classification are collected for individual establishments, while other data are collected on a consolidated

basis.)

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical location of each establishment is required to

tabulate the census data for states, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, counties, and

corporate municipalities (places) including cities, towns, townships, villages, and boroughs.

Respondents were required to report their physical location (street address, municipality, county,

and state) if it differed from their mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail (and

those single-establishment companies that did not provide acceptable information on physical

location), location information from administrative sources is used as a basis for coding.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

All results of the 2002 Economic Census are available on the Census Bureau Internet site

(www.census.gov) and on digital versatile discs (DVD-ROMs) for sale by the Census Bureau. The

American FactFinder system at the Internet site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the

data. For more information, including a description of reports being issued, see the Internet site,

write to the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-6100, or call Customer Services at 301-

763-4100.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and

before that for 1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic

census were taken separately at varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on

manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was

expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census and subsequent censuses to include mining and some

commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time a census was taken apart

vi Introduction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries were added in 1930, as were some service trades in 1933. Censuses of

construction, manufacturing, and the other business censuses were suspended during World War

II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully integrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records

also have been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the

need to send them census report forms.

The range of industries covered in the economic census expanded between 1967 and 2002. The

census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of service

industries, introduced in 1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to

include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of

financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economic census and the

separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent

of all economic activity. New for 2002 is coverage of four industries classified in the agriculture,

forestry, and fishing sector under the SIC system: landscape architectural services, landscaping

services, veterinary services, and pet care services.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier censuses provide historical figures for the

study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries. Reports for 1997 were

published primarily on the Internet and copies of 1992 reports are also available there. CD-ROMs

issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Economic Censuses contain databases that include all or

nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code statistics, published

only on CD-ROM.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications

for the 2002 Economic Census and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 2002 Economic

Census at www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the census will be published in the History of the 2002 Economic Census at

www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

2002 Economic Census Introduction vii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
This page is intentionally blank.

viii Introduction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Construction

SCOPE

The Construction sector (sector 23) comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily

engaged in subdividing land for sale, as building sites also are included in this sector.

Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and

repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but

they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilities

for establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts).

Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual construction projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known

as design-builders, construction managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more

establishments jointly secure a general contract) joint-venture contractors. Construction managers

that provide oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as construction managers that are

responsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type establishments. Establishments of the “general contractor type” frequently arrange construction of separate

parts of their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments.

Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g., masonry,

painting, and electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty trade

contractors. Activities of specialty trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments but, especially in remodeling and repair construction, the work may be

done directly for the owner of the property.

Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construct buildings to be sold on sites that they

own are known as operative builders, but also may be known as speculative builders or merchant

builders. Operative builders produce buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, but

their production processes also include site acquisition and securing of financial backing. Operative builders are most often associated with the construction of residential buildings. Like general

contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their buildings.

There are substantial differences in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs

required by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the

underlying production functions, this sector is divided into three subsectors.

Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor

type and operative builders involved in the construction of buildings. Subsector 237, Heavy and

Civil Engineering Construction, comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors, comprises establishments engaged

in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of all types of buildings.

Exclusions. Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged in some business other than construction for its own account and use, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise.

2002 Economic Census Construction ix

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
The installation and the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is excluded from construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors. Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independent

contractors in the Construction Sector, the operating units of telecommunications and utility companies performing this work are included with the telecommunications or utility activities.

The tabulations for this sector do not include central administrative offices, warehouses, or other

establishments that serve construction establishments within the same organization. Data for

such establishments are classified according to the nature of the service they provide. For

example, separate headquarters establishments are reported in NAICS Sector 55, Management of

Companies and Enterprises.

The reports described below exclude establishments of firms with no paid employees. These

“nonemployers,” typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating businesses that

they have not chosen to incorporate, are reported separately in Nonemployer Statistics. The contribution of nonemployers, relatively large for this sector, may be examined at

www.census.gov/nonemployerimpact.

Definitions. Industry categories are defined in Appendix B, NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions. Other terms are defined in Appendix A, Explanation of Terms.

REPORTS

The following reports provide statistics on this sector.

Industry Series. There are 31 reports, each covering a single NAICS industry (six-digit code).

These reports include such statistics as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value

added by construction, cost of materials, value of construction work, value of business done,

capital expenditures, etc. The industry reports also include selected statistics for states. While

most of the state data in the industry series reports are by physical location of the establishment,

some data are available by reported location of the construction work. The data in industry

reports are preliminary and subject to change in the following reports.

Geographic Area Series. There are 51 separate reports, one for each state and the District of

Columbia. Each state report present similar statistics at the “all construction” level for each state.

Subject Series:

• Industry General Summary. This report contains industry statistics summarized in one

report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry reports, as well as revisions to

the data made after the release of the industry reports.

• Industry Kind Of Business and Type of Construction Summary. This report contains

industry kind of business and types of construction statistics summarized in one report. It

includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry reports, as well as revisions to the data

made after the release of the industry reports.

• Geographic Area Summary. This report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in one report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry and state

reports, as well as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry and state reports.

Other reports. Data for this sector are also included in reports with multisector coverage, including Nonemployer Statistics, Comparative Statistics, Bridge Between 2002 NAICS and 1997 NAICS,

Business Expenses, and the Survey of Business Owners reports.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

1. The United States as a whole.

2. States and the District of Columbia.

x Construction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
3. Census regions.The regions are made up of groups of states as follows:

a. Northeast region: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New

York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont

b. Midwest region: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,

North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin

c. South region: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia

d. West region: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New

Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 2002 data are expressed in 2002

dollars, and 1997 data, in 1997 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior

years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1997 AND 2002 ECONOMIC CENSUSES

Both the 2002 Economic Census and the 1997 Economic Census present data based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). There were substantial revisions made to the

entire construction sector, for 2002. These changes are:

1. Each subsector has been reclassified in 2002 to:

• 236—Construction of Buildings

• 237—Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction

• 238—Specialty Trade Contractors

2. Adopted several mining industries:

• oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction, now in Industry 237120

• site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis, now in

Industry 238910.

More detailed information of NAICS changes from 1997 to 2002, may be examined at

http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/n02ton97.htm.

In addition, there have been several additional data tables added, which did not exist in 1997.

These tables for 2002 include e-commerce value of business done and leased and nonleased

detail employment statistics by subsectors. Also included is housing starts by single NAICS industry (six-digit code).

RELIABILITY OF DATA

All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be

attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and

classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data.

No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or

misreported data, as by the percentages shown in the tables. Precautionary steps were taken in all

phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects

of nonsampling errors. More information on the reliability of the data is included in Appendix C,

Methodology.

2002 Economic Census Construction xi

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
DISCLOSURE

In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no

data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company.

However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered

a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at

www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC DATA

The U.S. Census Bureau’s monthly Construction Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction

Put in Place contain data related to construction sector census data. The main difference is that

the C30 series covers all new construction put in place without regard to who is performing the

construction activity. The construction sector census data covers both new construction and maintenance and repair work done by establishments classified in the construction industries. Significant amounts of construction are done by establishments classified outside of construction (real

estate, manufacturing, utilities, and communications, for example), as both “force account” construction and construction done for others. In addition, the C30 series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering costs and the costs of materials supplied

by owners that are normally not reflected in construction sector census data.

Data contained in the 2002 construction sector may also differ from industry data in Employment

and Earnings Statistics, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Statistics of Income, published by the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise from varying definitions of scope,

coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

In additon, the County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county, and Statistics of

U.S. Businesses provides annual statistics classified by the employment size of the enterprise, further classified by industry for the United States, and by broader categories for states and metropolitan areas.

CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS

Questions about these data may be directed to the U.S. Census Bureau, Manufacturing & Construction Division, Information Services Center, 301-763-4673 or ask.census.gov.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used with these data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals

F Exceeds 100 percent because data include establishments with payroll exceeding revenue

N Not available or not comparable

S Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards

X Not applicable

Z Less than half the unit shown

a 0 to 19 employees

b 20 to 99 employees

c 100 to 249 employees

e 250 to 499 employees

f 500 to 999 employees

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees

m 100,000 employees or more

xii Construction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
p 10 to 19 percent estimated

q 20 to 29 percent estimated

r Revised

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent

nsk Not specified by kind

– Represents zero (page image/print only)

(CC) Consolidated city

(IC) Independent city

2002 Economic Census Construction xiii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 1. Selected Statistics for Establishments by Housing Starts Size Class: 2002

[Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table.

For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Industry and housing starts size class

Housing starts (number)

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for

column Number of

estab

lishments

Singlefamily,

detached

Singlefamily,

attached Multifamily

ABCDBC D

236115 New singlefamily housing construction (except

operative builders)

All establishments 58 494  163 363 26 689 26 565 5 9 22

Establishments with 0 housing starts 38 431  ––––– –

Establishments with 1  4 housing starts 12 660  25 299 1 737 351 4 13 31

Establishments with 5  9 housing starts 3 873  21 474 2 316 540 6 18 35

Establishments with 10  24 housing starts 2 380  29 669 4 396 1 266 8 20 21

Establishments with 25  99 housing starts 841  27 212 6 664 4 492 8 28 28

Establishments with 100  499 housing starts 275  38 823 4 478 s10 992 21 7 s50

Establishments with 500 housing starts or more 34  20 887 7 099 8 926 7 17 19

236116 New multifamily housing construction (except operative

builders)

All establishments 4 370  1 959 1 381 107 171 9 11 6 Establishments with 0 housing starts 3 537  ––––– – Establishments with 1  4 housing starts 93  D D s66 S S s50 Establishments with 5  9 housing starts 126  s277 s87 s507 s50 s69 s40 Establishments with 10  24 housing starts 139  353 s146 1 580 29 s56 27 Establishments with 25  99 housing starts 221  340 347 9 637 12 26 18 Establishments with 100  499 housing starts 196  807 490 44 261 2 11 12 Establishments with 500 housing starts or more 58  D D 51 120 S S 5

236117 New housing operative builders

All establishments 26 079  459 793 63 274 33 768 1 3 9 Establishments with 0 housing starts 12 121  ––––– – Establishments with 1  4 housing starts 4 838  10 142 855 s185 6 18 s59 Establishments with 5  9 housing starts 3 177  18 872 2 024 s229 7 19 s52 Establishments with 10  24 housing starts 2 963  35 056 6 544 1 732 6 15 23 Establishments with 25  99 housing starts 1 955  69 717 11 853 6 391 5 11 28 Establishments with 100  499 housing starts 805  129 974 19 743 12 593 3 5 17 Establishments with 500 housing starts or more 221  196 031 22 255 12 638 1 3 3

236118 Residential remodelers

All establishments 82 756  12 389 2 134 3 121 20 9 11 Establishments with 0 housing starts 78 189  ––––– – Establishments with 1  4 housing starts 4 130  5 615 605 140 7 20 37 Establishments with 5  9 housing starts 251  1 269 216 96 23 32 25 Establishments with 10  24 housing starts 113  s1 087 213 s496 s43 35 s44 Establishments with 25  99 housing starts 21  345 293 s367 29 36 s45 Establishments with 100  499 housing starts s  52 s4 074 806 2 022 s57 1 11 Establishments with 500 housing starts or more –  ––––– –

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the

source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 2. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Type of Construction: 2002

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and type of construction

Value of construction work1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

Total

New construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance and repair

ABCDAB C

23 Construction

Total 1 196 559 857  786 634 791 268 041 911 141 894 294 – – –

Building construction, total 903 283 029  606 396 607 200 063 025 96 823 397 – – –

Singlefamily houses, detached and attached 358 174 210  272 648 123 52 096 797 33 429 290 1 1 1

Singlefamily houses, detached 317 146 239  242 263 856 46 126 032 28 756 351 1 1 1

Singlefamily houses, attached 41 027 971  30 384 266 5 970 766 4 672 939 1 1 2

Apartment buildings (2 or more units), such as rentals, apartment

type condominiums and cooperatives 50 882 426  37 225 605 7 406 118 6 250 703 1 1 2

Dormitories and barracks 6 919 083  4 626 893 1 786 584 505 606 1 1 2

Manufacturing and industrial warehouses 31 660 002  19 280 512 7 725 081 4 654 408 2 2 2

Grain elevators and dry cleaning plants 497 912  243 298 115 898 138 716 10 12 11

Other manufacturing and light industrial buildings, such as

factories, assembly plants, and industrial research laboratories 45 610 191  22 571 850 13 433 991 9 604 350 1 1 2

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 18 754 332  13 414 802 3 492 341 1 847 188 1 1 3

Office buildings 108 357 639  59 258 569 35 879 304 13 219 766 1 1 1

Stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations, and other

commercial buildings 86 501 766  53 228 291 21 988 066 11 285 409 1 1 1

Commercial warehouses such as distribution buildings and mini

storage 19 795 290  13 877 549 3 863 465 2 054 276 1 1 2

Religious buildings 16 542 907  10 025 460 4 701 934 1 815 512 1 2 2

Educational buildings 79 136 939  48 904 856 24 900 915 5 331 168 1 1 1 Waste disposal plants 407 059  231 889 130 891 44 279 3 3 5

Health care and institutional buildings 43 993 739  25 444 311 15 042 691 3 506 737 1 1 1

Public safety buildings such as prisons, police, and fire stations 12 664 846  8 691 104 2 875 201 1 098 541 1 2 2 Farm buildings, nonresidential (except grain elevators) 4 623 747  3 324 026 635 556 664 165 6 7 7 Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 12 827 062  9 256 235 2 776 851 793 976 1 1 3 Indoor swimming pools 537 366  391 963 D D 17 21 S Indoor ice rinks 21 883  21 477 D D 13 13 S

Other building construction 5 374 632  3 729 793 1 149 723 495 116 1 1 2

Nonbuilding construction, total 250 126 115  152 718 741 56 019 699 41 387 675 – – 1 Highways, streets, and related work, such as installation of

guardrails and signs 66 698 425  36 411 055 19 498 198 10 789 172 1 1 1 Airport runways and related work 3 911 463  2 056 495 1 430 228 424 740 2 2 2 Private driveways and parking areas 14 831 080  8 784 022 3 079 195 2 967 863 2 2 4 Bridges and elevated highways 14 921 029  8 994 236 4 164 048 1 762 746 2 2 3 Tunnels 2 045 705  1 723 430 205 627 116 648 2 1 5

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 39 022 885  27 491 035 6 331 691 5 200 159 1 1 2

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 22 404 955  15 656 925 3 662 235 3 085 795 1 1 2

Water mains, storage, and related facilities 16 617 930  11 834 110 2 669 456 2 114 364 2 2 3

Oil and gas pipelines (except gathering), pumping stations,

storage tanks, and mains 7 242 820  4 659 849 1 172 580 1 410 392 1 2 2

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers,

and related facilities 21 955 370  12 799 664 4 745 028 4 410 679 1 1 2

Power plants 21 731 750  16 273 363 2 355 669 3 102 717 1 1 3 Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 18 767 296  14 125 686 2 044 108 2 597 502 – – 1 Power plants, hydroelectric 2 964 454  2 147 677 311 561 505 216 10 11 22 Chemical (except petrochemical) complexes/plants, blast

furnaces, and mining appurtenances 2 441 590  629 141 533 548 1 278 901 2 3 3 Sewage and water treatment plants 10 905 472  6 359 050 3 513 504 1 032 918 1 1 1 Sewage treatment plants 5 580 579  3 189 318 1 934 133 457 128 1 1 2 Water treatment plants 5 324 893  3 169 732 1 579 371 575 790 1 1 2 Petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries 7 438 388  2 308 789 1 963 334 3 166 265 1 1 1 Mass transit construction 4 931 679  2 613 592 1 361 877 956 211 4 4 4 Urban mass transit, such as subways and light rail systems 2 228 674  1 425 777 680 351 122 546 1 1 3 Railroad construction 2 703 005  1 187 815 681 525 833 665 7 8 8 Conservation and development construction, such as drainage

canals and flood control projects 4 712 476  3 046 481 837 853 828 142 4 4 5 Dam construction 683 009  398 972 139 519 144 518 5 3 24 Harbor and port facilities 1 709 339  1 136 516 363 818 209 005 4 4 4 Marine construction, such as dredging, navigational channels,

and locks 2 372 536  1 067 545 526 810 778 182 7 11 11 Outdoor swimming pools 6 765 210  5 185 209 852 672 727 329 4 4 6 Fencing (except electronic containment fencing for pets) 4 447 638  3 145 472 761 084 541 082 4 5 6 Electronic containment fencing for pets 84 408  53 103 8 851 22 454 19 22 23 Outdoor recreational areas, such as outdoor athletic fields,

courts, golf courses, and camp grounds 5 279 839  3 511 834 1 283 650 484 355 5 4 13

Ships 493 415  162 697 60 375 270 342 16 3 7

Oil and gas fields 771 226  473 634 128 251 169 341 4 4 1

Oil and gas field gathering lines 1 069 543  657 891 183 712 227 940 5 4 8

Coal mines 156 048  91 111 31 340 33 597 12 18 15

Metal mines 62 374  35 051 3 795 23 528 23 34 22

Nonmetallic mines 79 357  47 159 17 605 14 592 12 13 12

Other nonbuilding construction 3 362 038  2 602 345 465 836 293 857 4 5 8

Construction work, nsk 43 150 713  27 519 443 11 959 188 3 683 221 – – –

236 Construction of buildings

Total 521 936 291  383 428 272 112 518 511 26 000 647 – 1 1

Building construction, total 470 177 920  350 355 244 98 802 914 21 019 761 – 1 1 Singlefamily houses, detached and attached 195 843 258  166 992 164 22 858 110 5 992 984 1 1 2 Singlefamily houses, detached 175 239 628  149 439 650 20 519 169 5 280 809 1 1 2 Singlefamily houses, attached 20 603 630  17 552 514 2 338 941 712 175 2 2 4 Apartment buildings (2 or more units), such as rentals, apartment

type condominiums and cooperatives 27 328 923  21 997 927 3 970 858 1 360 137 2 2 4 Dormitories and barracks 4 188 266  3 008 790 984 461 195 014 1 1 3 Manufacturing and industrial warehouses 13 546 588  9 674 720 2 916 826 955 041 4 5 4 Grain elevators and dry cleaning plants 260 797  150 634 D D 17 18 S

Other manufacturing and light industrial buildings, such as

factories, assembly plants, and industrial research laboratories 17 273 667  9 975 451 4 809 505 2 488 711 2 2 4 Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 9 230 591  7 313 068 D D 2 2 S

Office buildings 51 768 447  29 721 844 19 248 986 2 797 617 1 1 2 Stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations, and other

commercial buildings 42 973 529  28 369 496 11 984 949 2 619 084 2 2 3 Commercial warehouses such as distribution buildings and mini storage 8 799 364  6 812 790 1 602 153 384 421 2 2 5

See footnotes at end of table.

2 Industry KOB & TOC Summary ConstructionSubject Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 2. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Type of Construction: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and type of construction

Value of construction work1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

Total

New construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance and repair

ABCDAB C

23 ConstructionCon.

236 Construction of buildingsCon.

Religious buildings 8 719 059  5 909 951 2 469 860 339 248 3 2 4 Educational buildings 43 795 941  28 831 276 13 441 323 1 523 342 1 1 2 Waste disposal plants 116 548  65 004 44 711 6 833 2 2 3 Health care and institutional buildings 24 637 252  15 151 257 8 535 277 950 717 1 1 2 Public safety buildings such as prisons, police, and fire stations 6 795 132  4 967 569 1 439 196 388 367 2 2 4 Farm buildings, nonresidential (except grain elevators) 2 894 911  2 294 387 343 231 257 293 6 6 8 Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 8 505 005  6 443 340 1 803 774 257 891 2 1 5 Indoor swimming pools D  D 26 412 41 028 S S 18 Indoor ice rinks D  D––SS –

Other building construction 3 134 318  2 376 691 623 398 134 229 1 2 2

Nonbuilding construction, total 8 991 514  5 806 169 1 824 115 1 361 230 1 2 1 Highways, streets, and related work, such as installation of

guardrails and signs 1 034 677  788 199 179 980 66 497 1 2 2 Airport runways and related work 40 316  22 408 14 314 3 594 3 – – Private driveways and parking areas 727 882  546 332 117 683 63 867 5 5 7 Bridges and elevated highways 570 651  366 988 137 473 66 191 1 2 – Tunnels 87 707  76 947 7 981 2 779 6 6 29 Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 1 176 267  884 404 216 897 74 965 2 3 2 Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 659 641  541 969 76 707 40 965 3 3 5 Water mains, storage, and related facilities 516 626  342 434 140 191 34 001 3 4 2 Oil and gas pipelines (except gathering), pumping stations,

storage tanks, and mains 34 807  23 852 4 351 6 604 5 2 37 Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers,

and related facilities 323 873  228 160 85 641 10 071 2 3 3 Power plants 667 727  429 240 167 639 70 848 1 1 3 Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 576 827  384 092 129 957 62 778 1 1 1 Power plants, hydroelectric 90 900  45 148 37 682 8 070 5 2 12 Chemical (except petrochemical) complexes/plants, blast

furnaces, and mining appurtenances 936 630  241 394 190 554 504 682 3 5 1 Sewage and water treatment plants 1 701 387  1 138 034 389 051 174 302 1 1 1 Sewage treatment plants 808 466  563 859 209 687 34 920 2 2 1 Water treatment plants 892 921  574 174 179 364 139 382 1 1 2 Petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries 408 501  120 198 52 908 235 395 – – – Mass transit construction 121 398  68 453 29 669 23 276 3 – 6 Urban mass transit, such as subways and light rail systems 114 194  DDD –S S Railroad construction s  7 204 DDD s54 S S

Conservation and development construction, such as drainage

canals and flood control projects 152 229  95 367 41 401 15 461 8 9 5

Dam construction 7 115  4 646 D D – – S

Harbor and port facilities 2 448  s1 044 279 1 124 29 s45 5

Marine construction, such as dredging, navigational channels,

and locks 2 274  D D – 27 S S

Outdoor swimming pools 53 449  40 610 5 893 6 946 21 26 16 Fencing (except electronic containment fencing for pets) s  22 255 s7 911 s11 215 s3 129 s47 s41 s73 Outdoor recreational areas, such as outdoor athletic fields,

courts, golf courses, and camp grounds 476 891  321 697 136 951 18 243 2 2 3 Ships  D D––SS –

Oil and gas field gathering lines D  DD –SS S

Coal mines D  D––SS –

Other nonbuilding construction 428 009  388 420 D D 25 28 S

Construction work, nsk 42 766 858  27 266 859 11 891 482 3 619 656 – – –

237 Heavy and civil engineering construction

Total 453 141 107  293 158 940 116 939 095 43 043 072 – – –

Building construction, total 17 006 898  14 834 700 1 437 991 734 207 3 3 2

Singlefamily houses, detached and attached 10 612 969  10 023 295 331 555 258 120 4 4 5

Singlefamily houses, detached 9 787 142  9 231 051 314 920 241 171 4 5 5

Singlefamily houses, attached 825 827  792 243 16 635 16 949 12 13 24

Apartment buildings (2 or more units), such as rentals, apartment

type condominiums and cooperatives 873 100  778 720 55 050 39 330 14 15 26 Dormitories and barracks 58 643  32 484 25 625 s534 16 5 35

Manufacturing and industrial warehouses 652 350  543 262 77 627 31 461 5 5 16

Grain elevators and dry cleaning plants 3 206  2 757 D D – – S

Other manufacturing and light industrial buildings, such as

factories, assembly plants, and industrial research laboratories 849 581  506 840 194 504 148 237 3 4 4

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 117 428  108 902 D D 4 4 S

Office buildings 1 028 451  737 905 208 940 81 605 4 4 5

Stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations, and other

commercial buildings 1 332 334  1 137 773 146 160 48 401 6 7 5

Commercial warehouses such as distribution buildings and mini

storage 98 352  80 767 9 753 7 832 7 7 12

Religious buildings 57 800  43 823 9 542 4 435 18 23 6

Educational buildings 492 895  311 910 145 032 35 952 3 4 4

Waste disposal plants 154 118  90 896 45 000 18 222 3 3 4

Health care and institutional buildings 212 416  110 038 95 314 7 063 3 3 4

Public safety buildings such as prisons, police, and fire stations 68 250  57 214 7 787 3 249 5 6 13

Farm buildings, nonresidential (except grain elevators) 57 796  24 772 8 062 24 962 15 18 8

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 141 324  103 928 26 626 10 771 22 24 33

Indoor swimming pools s  669 s669 – – s73 s73 –

Other building construction 195 218  138 744 44 867 11 607 10 14 3

Nonbuilding construction, total 176 870 341  108 051 563 41 314 630 27 504 147 – 1 1

Highways, streets, and related work, such as installation of

guardrails and signs 59 847 459  32 073 812 17 953 656 9 819 991 1 1 1

Airport runways and related work 2 841 086  1 443 177 1 061 915 335 993 1 1 1

Private driveways and parking areas 4 139 925  2 545 389 932 242 662 293 3 2 8

Bridges and elevated highways 12 201 701  7 511 247 3 578 637 1 111 816 2 2 3

Tunnels 1 766 155  1 556 710 134 486 74 959 2 2 7

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 28 612 563  20 469 949 4 794 927 3 347 688 1 1 2

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 15 859 980  11 252 887 2 741 150 1 865 943 2 2 3

Water mains, storage, and related facilities 12 752 583  9 217 062 2 053 776 1 481 745 2 2 4

See footnotes at end of table.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 2. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Type of Construction: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and type of construction

Value of construction work1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

Total

New construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance and repair

ABCDAB C

23 ConstructionCon.

237 Heavy and civil engineering constructionCon.

Oil and gas pipelines (except gathering), pumping stations,

storage tanks, and mains 5 942 844  3 954 181 931 359 1 057 304 2 2 2

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers,

and related facilities 19 562 524  11 366 697 4 150 536 4 045 291 1 1 2

Power plants 15 903 324  12 908 777 1 241 026 1 753 522 2 2 6

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 13 522 000  11 038 643 1 059 825 1 423 532 – – 1

Power plants, hydroelectric 2 381 325  1 870 134 181 201 329 990 12 12 38

Chemical (except petrochemical) complexes/plants, blast

furnaces, and mining appurtenances 288 621  60 848 44 369 183 404 4 1 2

Sewage and water treatment plants 5 442 879  3 177 317 1 921 850 343 712 1 1 1

Sewage treatment plants 2 900 377  1 637 718 1 096 640 166 019 1 1 2

Water treatment plants 2 542 502  1 539 598 825 210 177 694 2 2 2

Petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries 4 204 444  1 266 082 1 296 138 1 642 225 1 1 1

Mass transit construction 4 022 421  2 165 288 991 781 865 353 5 4 5

Urban mass transit, such as subways and light rail systems 1 651 091  1 110 209 460 383 80 500 1 – 5

Railroad construction 2 371 330  1 055 079 531 398 784 853 8 9 8

Conservation and development construction, such as drainage

canals and flood control projects 3 782 525  2 416 469 649 014 717 042 4 5 6

Dam construction 520 158  351 232 86 879 82 047 4 3 10

Harbor and port facilities 1 294 085  855 460 289 654 148 971 5 5 5

Marine construction, such as dredging, navigational channels,

and locks 2 260 227  1 013 971 506 986 739 270 7 12 11

Outdoor swimming pools s  28 892 s21 771 s4 269 s2 852 s56 s57 s52

Fencing (except electronic containment fencing for pets) 31 479  22 607 5 806 3 066 11 6 29

Outdoor recreational areas, such as outdoor athletic fields,

courts, golf courses, and camp grounds 2 335 213  1 621 404 444 850 268 959 7 7 10

Ships  D DDDSS S

Oil and gas fields 155 999  109 433 14 448 32 118 7 5 6

Oil and gas field gathering lines 821 438  492 968 142 777 185 692 5 3 7

Coal mines s  8 467 D D s1 134 s55 S S

Nonmetallic mines D  – –DS – –

Other nonbuilding construction 854 481  645 283 D D 4 4 S

Construction work, nsk 269 237  169 522 49 741 49 974 – – –

238 Specialty trade contractors

Total 501 216 440  293 177 086 116 736 553 91 302 800 – – –

Building construction, total 416 098 212  241 206 663 99 822 120 75 069 429 – 1 –

Singlefamily houses, detached and attached 151 717 982  95 632 664 28 907 132 27 178 186 1 1 1 Singlefamily houses, detached 132 119 468  83 593 155 25 291 942 23 234 371 1 1 1 Singlefamily houses, attached 19 598 514  12 039 509 3 615 189 3 943 815 1 2 3 Apartment buildings (2 or more units), such as rentals, apartment

type condominiums and cooperatives 22 680 403  14 448 958 3 380 210 4 851 236 1 2 2 Dormitories and barracks 2 672 174  1 585 619 776 497 310 058 2 2 4 Manufacturing and industrial warehouses 17 461 064  9 062 530 4 730 628 3 667 906 1 2 2

Grain elevators and dry cleaning plants 233 909  89 906 53 377 90 626 7 11 10

Other manufacturing and light industrial buildings, such as

factories, assembly plants, and industrial research laboratories 27 486 943  12 089 559 8 429 982 6 967 402 1 1 1

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 9 406 313  5 992 832 1 848 432 1 565 049 1 2 3

Office buildings 55 560 742  28 798 820 16 421 377 10 340 544 1 1 1

Stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations, and other

commercial buildings 42 195 902  23 721 022 9 856 957 8 617 923 1 1 1

Commercial warehouses such as distribution buildings and mini

storage 10 897 573  6 983 992 2 251 559 1 662 022 2 2 3

Religious buildings 7 766 048  4 071 686 2 222 532 1 471 830 1 2 2

Educational buildings 34 848 103  19 761 670 11 314 559 3 771 874 1 1 1

Waste disposal plants 136 392  75 988 41 180 19 224 8 9 14

Health care and institutional buildings 19 144 072  10 183 015 6 412 100 2 548 957 1 1 1

Public safety buildings such as prisons, police, and fire stations 5 801 464  3 666 320 1 428 218 706 926 2 2 2

Farm buildings, nonresidential (except grain elevators) 1 671 040  1 004 866 284 263 381 911 12 17 12

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 4 180 733  2 708 968 946 451 525 314 1 1 2

Indoor swimming pools D  DDDSS S

Indoor ice rinks D  DDDSS S

Other building construction 2 045 096  1 214 358 481 458 349 280 2 1 3

Nonbuilding construction, total 64 264 260  38 861 009 12 880 953 12 522 298 1 1 2

Highways, streets, and related work, such as installation of

guardrails and signs 5 816 289  3 549 044 1 364 562 902 683 2 3 2

Airport runways and related work 1 030 061  590 910 353 999 85 153 7 7 5

Private driveways and parking areas 9 963 274  5 692 301 2 029 270 2 241 703 3 3 4

Bridges and elevated highways 2 148 677  1 116 000 447 938 584 739 4 4 9

Tunnels 191 843  89 773 63 159 38 911 4 6 3

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 9 234 055  6 136 683 1 319 867 1 777 506 3 3 3

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 5 885 334  3 862 069 844 378 1 178 888 2 2 3

Water mains, storage, and related facilities 3 348 721  2 274 614 475 489 598 618 6 8 4

Oil and gas pipelines (except gathering), pumping stations,

storage tanks, and mains 1 265 169  681 816 236 869 346 484 4 3 5

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers,

and related facilities 2 068 974  1 204 806 508 851 355 317 4 5 6

Power plants 5 160 699  2 935 346 947 005 1 278 348 1 2 2

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 4 668 469  2 702 952 854 326 1 111 192 2 2 2

Power plants, hydroelectric 492 229  232 395 92 679 167 156 5 8 5

Chemical (except petrochemical) complexes/plants, blast

furnaces, and mining appurtenances 1 216 339  326 899 298 625 590 815 2 4 5

Sewage and water treatment plants 3 761 206  2 043 700 1 202 603 514 904 2 2 2

Sewage treatment plants 1 871 736  987 740 627 806 256 190 3 4 4

Water treatment plants 1 889 470  1 055 960 574 797 258 714 2 2 3

Petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries 2 825 443  922 509 614 289 1 288 645 2 3 1

Mass transit construction 787 861  379 851 340 427 67 583 5 3 9

Urban mass transit, such as subways and light rail systems 463 389  DDD 2S S

Railroad construction 324 472  D D D 11 S S

Conservation and development construction, such as drainage

canals and flood control projects 777 723  534 645 147 438 95 640 7 8 12

See footnotes at end of table.

4 Industry KOB & TOC Summary ConstructionSubject Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 2. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Type of Construction: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and type of construction

Value of construction work1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for column

Total

New construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance and repair

ABCDAB C

23 ConstructionCon.

238 Specialty trade contractorsCon.

Dam construction 155 736  43 094 D D 21 7 S

Harbor and port facilities 412 806  280 011 73 885 58 910 6 7 8

Marine construction, such as dredging, navigational channels,

and locks 110 035  D D s38 912 22 S S

Outdoor swimming pools 6 682 870  5 122 828 842 511 717 531 4 4 6

Fencing (except electronic containment fencing for pets) 4 393 904  3 114 954 744 064 534 887 4 5 6

Electronic containment fencing for pets 84 408  53 103 8 851 22 454 19 22 23

Outdoor recreational areas, such as outdoor athletic fields,

courts, golf courses, and camp grounds 2 467 735  1 568 733 701 849 197 153 8 6 23

Ships 491 723  161 291 D D 16 3 S

Oil and gas fields 615 227  364 201 113 803 137 223 5 5 1

Oil and gas field gathering lines D  D D 42 247 S S S

Coal mines D  89 090 D 32 463 S 18 S

Metal mines 62 374  35 051 3 795 23 528 23 34 22

Nonmetallic mines D  47 159 17 605 D S 13 12

Other nonbuilding construction 2 079 547  1 568 643 308 549 202 356 5 5 11

Construction work, nsk 114 618  83 062 17 965 13 591 – – –

1For the 2002 Economic Census, the definition of value of construction work has been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definition. See Appendix A for the modified definition.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the

source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Value of Business Done for Establishments by KindofBusiness Activity: 2002

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this

specific industry. These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection,

sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and primary and other kind of business activities Value of

business done1 Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

23 Construction

Total  1 208 732 550 –

Building construction, total  469 375 261 – Building construction on land owned by you, for sale  126 549 061 1 Building construction on land owned by others 233 279 376 1 Remodeling contractor  60 741 872 1 Construction management, at risk (for building construction) 31 851 643 1 Construction management, agency or fee only (for building construction) 16 953 309  2

Heavy construction and civil engineering construction, total 206 027 722 1 Subdividing and servicing of raw land into lots, for sale by you  15 089 681 4 Highway and street general contractor 38 192 137 1 Paving contractor  asphalt or concrete for highways, streets, bridges, or airport runways 23 691 840  2 Construction management, at risk (for heavy construction)  1 110 642 4 Construction management, agency or fee only (for heavy construction)  1 400 185 4 Heavy construction contractor, such as bridges, tunnels, pipelines, and utility lines 86 690 106  1 Cable and conduit laying contractor  11 864 306 1 Dredging contractor  1 117 632 4 Trenching contractor  1 685 907 5 Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 19 678 658  2 Pile driving contractor  875 534 9 Blasting contractor, except building demolition  333 957 11 Rental of construction machinery or equipment (except cranes) with operator 1 938 664  5 Rental of cranes with operator  2 358 471 4

Special trade contractors, total  472 108 227 – Heating, ventilation and airconditioning contractor (HVAC) 50 899 622 1 Building sprinkler system installation contractor  5 430 520 2 Energy management contractor  728 592 4 Environmental control systems installation and service contractor  1 597 366 6 Lawn sprinkler installation contractor  1 547 138 7 Mechanical contractor  18 410 850 1 Plumbing contractor 34 146 253 1 Refrigeration contractor 2 552 894 2 Septic tank, cesspool, and dry well contractor (except sewer hookups to buildings) 725 151  8 Steamfitting and piping contractor 3 959 329 1

Boiler cleaning, repair, and maintenance contractor  1 541 439 2

Bridge and ship painting contractor 673 654 14

Painting contractor  15 397 991 2

Wall covering or removal contractor  867 112 4

Highway and traffic lane painting contractor  802 544 8

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting  58 785 017 1

Electronic control systems installation and service, (except environmental control) 3 561 943  2

Fire and security systems installation and service contractor 4 956 174 2

Highway lighting and signal installation and service contractor  2 919 599 4

Telecommunications installation and service contractor (except transmission lines) 7 770 837  2

Cable television hookup contractor  1 012 462 8

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior 342 822 7

Masonry contractor, brick, block, or stone (except brick paving)  14 600 684 2

Refractory brick contractor  260 972 4

Stonework contractor 883 937 10

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone 895 298 6

Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking  867 435 9

Acoustical contractor  3 145 357 4 Drywall contractor 19 098 712 2

Insulation contractor  5 546 872 2

Plastering, lathing, or fresco contractor, interior  1 290 705 8

Plastering contractor, including stucco, exterior  3 002 474 5

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior  1 386 209 7

Terrazzo or mosaic contractor  305 055 9

Tile contractor  4 758 560 4

Finish carpentry contractor  16 924 793 2

Framing contractor, except steel  14 751 095 7

Framing contractor, steel  688 958 4

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor, residentialtype 2 447 741  6

Carpet laying or removal contractor  4 209 453 3

Computer flooring installation contractor  219 095 9

Flooring contractor, wood  2 833 329 4

Floor laying contractor, resilient 1 891 622 4

Gutter downspout, fascia, or soffit contractor  2 001 544 4

Roofing contractor, except sheet metal  17 685 473 2

Roofing contractor, sheet metal 4 347 219 3

Siding contractor, except sheet metal 2 463 616 4

Speciality sheet metal contractor, including metal ceilings, panel, or shelving installaion 1 270 389  5

Siding contractor, sheet metal  826 635 5

Asphalt, concrete, and brick paving contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 9 994 360  2

Shotcrete contractor  285 137 8

Culvert and curb contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 1 820 092  4

Foundation contractor, concrete  11 368 837 3

Concrete Contractor (except paving or foundation)  22 466 812 2

Water well drilling contractor  2 921 199 3

Reinforcing steel contractor  1 968 186 4

Structural steel erection contractor  5 740 999 3

Metal curtain wall installation contractor 1 254 180 4

Precast concrete installation contractor  669 019 8

Storage tank, erection contractor  799 883 4

Glass, glazing, and tinting contractor  6 141 668 3

Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 19 236 492  2

Foundation digging, drilling, or pile driving contractor  3 288 828 3

Wrecking, demolition, or blasting contractor, connected with buildings  3 132 356 3

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor  5 712 541 2

Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor  298 332 3

Millwright and machine rigging contractor  5 116 197 2

Scrubber, dust, collection, and other industrial ventilation installation contractor 281 028  5

Fence construction contractor  5 905 783 4

Ornamental metal contractor  1 112 701 10

See footnotes at end of table.

6 Industry KOB & TOC Summary ConstructionSubject Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Value of Business Done for Establishments by KindofBusiness Activity: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this

specific industry. These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection,

sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and primary and other kind of business activities Value of

business done1 Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

23 ConstructionCon.

Insulation contractor, boiler, pipe, or duct work 2 411 320 3

Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors  550 138 12

Service station equipment installation contractor  763 136 7

Swimming pool contractor 6 532 719 4

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction 366 163 8

Waterproofing and weather stripping contractor  2 179 585 4

Fireproofing contractor  401 335 3

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction  926 253 4

Modular furniture attachment and installation contractor 1 230 409 6

All other construction activities 6 099 380 3

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total 12 009 715  1

Architectural services 433 484 4

Engineering services  1 150 712 1

Manufacturing  products manufactured and sold to others 2 072 070 3

Real estate commissions and property management fees  806 054 4

Rental or lease of properties  915 497 6

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator 440 398  4

Transportation of goods for others  630 788 4

Wholesale trade  499 605 3

Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder) 1 239 403  5 Retail trade  2 642 666 2 All other business activities secondary to construction activities  1 179 037 2

Kind of business activity, nsk  43 112 245 2

236 Construction of buildings

Total  525 763 699 –

Building construction, total  465 138 156 –

Building construction on land owned by you, for sale  126 071 581 1

Building construction on land owned by others 230 636 153 1

Remodeling contractor  59 953 376 1

Construction management, at risk (for building construction) 31 757 417 1

Construction management, agency or fee only (for building construction) 16 719 629  2

Heavy construction and civil engineering construction, total 5 804 562 3 Subdividing and servicing of raw land into lots, for sale by you  1 796 701 9 Highway and street general contractor 743 579 1 Paving contractor  asphalt or concrete for highways, streets, bridges, or airport runways 52 775  3 Heavy construction contractor, such as bridges, tunnels, pipelines, and utility lines 2 646 341  1 Cable and conduit laying contractor s  12 118 s74 Trenching contractor  D S

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 524 912  4 Pile driving contractor  D S

Rental of construction machinery or equipment (except cranes) with operator 3 567  12 Rental of cranes with operator  19 056 5

Special trade contractors, total  8 233 744 2 Heating, ventilation and airconditioning contractor (HVAC) 113 044 17 Building sprinkler system installation contractor  14 349 7 Energy management contractor  1 634 –

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor  6 293 – Lawn sprinkler installation contractor  D S Mechanical contractor  78 894 7 Plumbing contractor 88 669 9 Refrigeration contractor D S

Septic tank, cesspool, and dry well contractor (except sewer hookups to buildings) 1 160  21 Steamfitting and piping contractor 27 624 14

Boiler cleaning, repair, and maintenance contractor  D S

Painting contractor  55 932 13

Wall covering or removal contractor  D S

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting  90 734 19

Electronic control systems installation and service, (except environmental control) 9 212  7

Fire and security systems installation and service contractor 24 961 6

Highway lighting and signal installation and service contractor  D S

Telecommunications installation and service contractor (except transmission lines) 8 970  20

Cable television hookup contractor s  719 s51

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior D S

Masonry contractor, brick, block, or stone (except brick paving)  37 094 30

Stonework contractor s  902 s81

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone 5 764 39

Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking s  6 222 s46

Acoustical contractor s  6 434 s44

Drywall contractor 35 227 14

Insulation contractor  5 921 15

Plastering, lathing, or fresco contractor, interior s  2 099 s44

Plastering contractor, including stucco, exterior  1 754 38

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior  1 629 29

Tile contractor  9 086 36

Finish carpentry contractor  2 176 193 3

Framing contractor, except steel  1 563 296 4

Framing contractor, steel s  10 689 s40

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor, residentialtype  7 823 27

Carpet laying or removal contractor  16 885 26

Computer flooring installation contractor  5 486 18

Flooring contractor, wood  10 071 37

Floor laying contractor, resilient s  5 058 s57

Gutter downspout, fascia, or soffit contractor s  5 617 s58

Roofing contractor, except sheet metal  43 570 12

Roofing contractor, sheet metal s  13 809 s40

Siding contractor, except sheet metal 26 207 18

Speciality sheet metal contractor, including metal ceilings, panel, or shelving installaion s  2 617 s45

Siding contractor, sheet metal s  1 515 s52

Asphalt, concrete, and brick paving contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 30 841  11

Culvert and curb contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 3 723  24

Foundation contractor, concrete  23 549 10

Concrete Contractor (except paving or foundation)  1 830 038 3

Reinforcing steel contractor  2 210 6

See footnotes at end of table.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Value of Business Done for Establishments by KindofBusiness Activity: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this

specific industry. These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection,

sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and primary and other kind of business activities Value of

business done1 Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

23 ConstructionCon.

236 Construction of buildingsCon.

Structural steel erection contractor  42 824 17

Precast concrete installation contractor  D S

Storage tank, erection contractor s  2 115 s57

Glass, glazing, and tinting contractor s  14 224 s67

Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 1 169 782  3

Foundation digging, drilling, or pile driving contractor  14 718 20

Wrecking, demolition, or blasting contractor, connected with buildings s  70 488 s42

Millwright and machine rigging contractor  39 490 2

Scrubber, dust, collection, and other industrial ventilation installation contractor  D S

Fence construction contractor s  17 896 s52

Ornamental metal contractor s  2 264 s72

Insulation contractor, boiler, pipe, or duct work 6 090 22

Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors s  1 835 s80

Service station equipment installation contractor  D S

Swimming pool contractor 369 882 25

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction 2 251 4

Waterproofing and weather stripping contractor  32 611 33

Fireproofing contractor  2 268 37

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction s  4 477 s59

Modular furniture attachment and installation contractor D S

All other construction activities 112 474 4

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total 3 752 829  2

Architectural services 407 476 4

Engineering services  236 055 4

Manufacturing  products manufactured and sold to others s  64 585 s64

Real estate commissions and property management fees  666 377 4

Rental or lease of properties  652 525 7

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator 5 906  1

Transportation of goods for others  3 855 15

Wholesale trade  4 243 25

Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder) 1 190 664  5

Retail trade  264 300 6

All other business activities secondary to construction activities  256 843 4

Kind of business activity, nsk  42 721 934 2

237 Heavy and civil engineering construction

Total  197 876 288 1

Building construction, total  1 723 119 4

Building construction on land owned by you, for sale  391 413 11

Building construction on land owned by others 1 243 097 3

Remodeling contractor  88 609 4

Heavy construction and civil engineering construction, total 179 966 282 1

Subdividing and servicing of raw land into lots, for sale by you  13 260 683 4

Highway and street general contractor 35 960 762 1

Paving contractor  asphalt or concrete for highways, streets, bridges, or airport runways 22 769 648  2

Construction management, at risk (for heavy construction)  1 110 642 4

Construction management, agency or fee only (for heavy construction)  1 400 185 4

Heavy construction contractor, such as bridges, tunnels, pipelines, and utility lines 82 045 054  1

Cable and conduit laying contractor  10 397 670 1

Dredging contractor  1 099 127 4

Trenching contractor  936 887 8

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 8 114 893  2

Pile driving contractor  838 070 9

Blasting contractor, except building demolition  284 549 12

Rental of construction machinery or equipment (except cranes) with operator 1 551 668  6

Rental of cranes with operator  196 443 7

Special trade contractors, total  11 519 085 1

Heating, ventilation and airconditioning contractor (HVAC) 24 593 10

Building sprinkler system installation contractor  3 200 16

Energy management contractor  6 478 10

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor s  5 264 s48

Lawn sprinkler installation contractor  D S

Mechanical contractor  71 845 19

Plumbing contractor 90 399 16

Refrigeration contractor D S

Septic tank, cesspool, and dry well contractor (except sewer hookups to buildings) 36 935  19

Steamfitting and piping contractor 25 194 26

Boiler cleaning, repair, and maintenance contractor  D S

Bridge and ship painting contractor 2 266 20

Painting contractor  22 375 9

Wall covering or removal contractor  D S

Highway and traffic lane painting contractor  764 878 8

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting  93 676 8

Electronic control systems installation and service, (except environmental control) 12 656  39

Fire and security systems installation and service contractor 17 195 5

Highway lighting and signal installation and service contractor  D S

Telecommunications installation and service contractor (except transmission lines) 174 078  8

Cable television hookup contractor  49 368 8

Masonry contractor, brick, block, or stone (except brick paving)  22 488 27

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone 1 165 28

Drywall contractor s  2 092 s68

Finish carpentry contractor  31 268 9

Framing contractor, except steel  41 508 5

Roofing contractor, except sheet metal  9 504 13

Asphalt, concrete, and brick paving contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 2 003 446  3

Shotcrete contractor  4 051 3

Culvert and curb contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 675 509  5

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Industry KOB & TOC Summary ConstructionSubject Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Value of Business Done for Establishments by KindofBusiness Activity: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this

specific industry. These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection,

sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and primary and other kind of business activities Value of

business done1 Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

23 ConstructionCon.

237 Heavy and civil engineering constructionCon.

Foundation contractor, concrete  68 038 2 Concrete Contractor (except paving or foundation)  734 907 4 Water well drilling contractor  2 882 200 3 Reinforcing steel contractor  3 393 6 Structural steel erection contractor  38 670 4 Metal curtain wall installation contractor D S Precast concrete installation contractor  D S

Storage tank, erection contractor  715 055 4 Glass, glazing, and tinting contractor s  1 130 s48 Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 2 157 078  4

Foundation digging, drilling, or pile driving contractor  270 276 6

Wrecking, demolition, or blasting contractor, connected with buildings  156 912 8

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor  D S

Millwright and machine rigging contractor  51 448 16

Scrubber, dust, collection, and other industrial ventilation installation contractor  D S

Fence construction contractor  46 710 5

Ornamental metal contractor  6 384 –

Insulation contractor, boiler, pipe, or duct work s  247 s60

Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors  483 38

Service station equipment installation contractor  D S

Swimming pool contractor s  4 549 s61

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction 5 090 2

Waterproofing and weather stripping contractor  3 116 12

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction  18 100 9

Modular furniture attachment and installation contractor D S

All other construction activities 712 249 6

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total 3 686 175  2 Architectural services 4 913 34 Engineering services  561 265 – Manufacturing  products manufactured and sold to others 1 377 860 2 Real estate commissions and property management fees  131 425 7 Rental or lease of properties  220 248 9 Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator 188 397  6 Transportation of goods for others  257 459 6 Wholesale trade  23 190 2 Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder) 35 738  39 Retail trade  483 161 8 All other business activities secondary to construction activities  402 518 3

Kind of business activity, nsk  269 379 –

238 Specialty trade contractors

Total  485 092 563 –

Building construction, total  2 513 987 4

Building construction on land owned by you, for sale  86 067 18 Building construction on land owned by others 1 400 125 6 Remodeling contractor  699 888 5 Construction management, at risk (for building construction) 94 226 5 Construction management, agency or fee only (for building construction) 233 681 4

Heavy construction and civil engineering construction, total 20 256 878 1

Subdividing and servicing of raw land into lots, for sale by you  32 296 19

Highway and street general contractor 1 487 796 2

Paving contractor  asphalt or concrete for highways, streets, bridges, or airport runways 869 417  4

Heavy construction contractor, such as bridges, tunnels, pipelines, and utility lines 1 998 711  3

Cable and conduit laying contractor  1 454 518 2

Dredging contractor s  18 505 s48

Trenching contractor  D S

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 11 038 853  2

Pile driving contractor  D S

Blasting contractor, except building demolition  49 407 22

Rental of construction machinery or equipment (except cranes) with operator 383 429  8

Rental of cranes with operator  2 142 973 5

Special trade contractors, total  452 355 398 – Heating, ventilation and airconditioning contractor (HVAC) 50 761 985 1

Building sprinkler system installation contractor  5 412 971 2

Energy management contractor  720 480 4

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor  1 585 809 6

Lawn sprinkler installation contractor  1 542 535 7

Mechanical contractor  18 260 110 1

Plumbing contractor 33 967 185 1

Refrigeration contractor 2 547 184 2

Septic tank, cesspool, and dry well contractor (except sewer hookups to buildings) 687 056  8

Steamfitting and piping contractor 3 906 512 1

Boiler cleaning, repair, and maintenance contractor  1 517 492 2

Bridge and ship painting contractor 671 388 14

Painting contractor  15 319 684 2

Wall covering or removal contractor  860 866 4 Highway and traffic lane painting contractor  37 666 24 Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting  58 600 607 1 Electronic control systems installation and service, (except environmental control) 3 540 075  2 Fire and security systems installation and service contractor 4 914 018 2 Highway lighting and signal installation and service contractor  2 815 998 4

Telecommunications installation and service contractor (except transmission lines) 7 587 790  2

Cable television hookup contractor  962 375 9

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior D S

Masonry contractor, brick, block, or stone (except brick paving)  14 541 101 2

Refractory brick contractor  260 972 4

Stonework contractor 883 035 10

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone 888 369 6

Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking  861 214 9

Acoustical contractor  3 138 923 4

Drywall contractor 19 061 393 2

Insulation contractor  5 540 951 2

See footnotes at end of table.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 9

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Value of Business Done for Establishments by KindofBusiness Activity: 2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this

specific industry. These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection,

sampling error, and nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and primary and other kind of business activities Value of

business done1 Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

23 ConstructionCon.

238 Specialty trade contractorsCon.

Plastering, lathing, or fresco contractor, interior  1 288 606 8

Plastering contractor, including stucco, exterior  3 000 720 5

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior  1 384 580 7

Terrazzo or mosaic contractor  305 055 9

Tile contractor  4 749 474 4

Finish carpentry contractor  14 717 332 2

Framing contractor, except steel  13 146 291 8

Framing contractor, steel  678 269 4

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor, residentialtype 2 439 918  6

Carpet laying or removal contractor  4 192 567 3

Computer flooring installation contractor  213 609 9

Flooring contractor, wood  2 823 258 4

Floor laying contractor, resilient 1 886 564 4

Gutter downspout, fascia, or soffit contractor  1 995 927 4

Roofing contractor, except sheet metal  17 632 399 2

Roofing contractor, sheet metal 4 333 409 3

Siding contractor, except sheet metal 2 437 409 4

Speciality sheet metal contractor, including metal ceilings, panel, or shelving installaion 1 267 771  5

Siding contractor, sheet metal  825 120 5

Asphalt, concrete, and brick paving contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 7 960 072  3

Shotcrete contractor  281 086 9

Culvert and curb contractor, residential or commercial driveways and parking areas 1 140 860  6

Foundation contractor, concrete  11 277 249 3

Concrete Contractor (except paving or foundation)  19 901 867 2

Water well drilling contractor  38 999 13

Reinforcing steel contractor  1 962 582 4

Structural steel erection contractor  5 659 506 3

Metal curtain wall installation contractor D S

Precast concrete installation contractor  637 132 8

Storage tank, erection contractor  82 714 5

Glass, glazing, and tinting contractor  6 126 315 3

Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 15 909 632  2

Foundation digging, drilling, or pile driving contractor  3 003 834 3

Wrecking, demolition, or blasting contractor, connected with buildings  2 904 956 3

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor  D S

Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor  298 332 3

Millwright and machine rigging contractor  5 025 259 2

Scrubber, dust, collection, and other industrial ventilation installation contractor 274 689  5

Fence construction contractor  5 841 177 4

Ornamental metal contractor  1 104 053 10

Insulation contractor, boiler, pipe, or duct work 2 404 982 3

Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors  547 821 12

Service station equipment installation contractor  758 550 7

Swimming pool contractor 6 158 288 4

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction 358 822 8

Waterproofing and weather stripping contractor  2 143 858 4

Fireproofing contractor  399 066 3

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction  903 676 4

Modular furniture attachment and installation contractor 1 228 809 6

All other construction activities 5 274 658 3

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total 4 570 711  1

Architectural services 21 095 6

Engineering services  353 392 3

Manufacturing  products manufactured and sold to others 629 625 4

Real estate commissions and property management fees  8 252 16

Rental or lease of properties  42 724 14

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator 246 095  6

Transportation of goods for others  369 474 6

Wholesale trade  472 172 3

Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder) 13 001  20

Retail trade  1 895 205 2

All other business activities secondary to construction activities  519 675 3

Kind of business activity, nsk  120 932 1

1For the 2002 Economic Census, the definition of value of business done has been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definition. See Appendix A for the modified definition.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the

source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

10 Industry KOB & TOC Summary ConstructionSubject Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 4. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Location of Construction Work:

2002

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and location of construction work Value of

construction work1 Relative standard

error of estimate (percent)

23 Construction

Total  1 196 559 857 – Construction work done in Alabama  13 991 688 2 Construction work done in Alaska  4 562 794 4 Construction work done in Arizona  30 122 946 2 Construction work done in Arkansas 7 036 083 2 Construction work done in California  149 915 000 1 Construction work done in Colorado 31 530 961 1 Construction work done in Connecticut  13 480 611 2 Construction work done in Delaware  4 170 834 2 Construction work done in District of Columbia 4 669 140 1 Construction work done in Florida 78 549 582 1

Construction work done in Georgia 39 386 264 2

Construction work done in Hawaii  6 457 928 2

Construction work done in Idaho  5 429 794 4

Construction work done in Illinois  55 020 035 1

Construction work done in Indiana  22 929 380 2

Construction work done in Iowa 10 095 702 1

Construction work done in Kansas  10 379 537 2

Construction work done in Kentucky 12 374 578 2

Construction work done in Louisiana  14 775 222 2

Construction work done in Maine  4 177 303 2

Construction work done in Maryland 25 830 666 2

Construction work done in Massachusetts  30 678 904 1

Construction work done in Michigan  36 676 338 1

Construction work done in Minnesota 27 327 704 2

Construction work done in Mississippi  7 914 099 2

Construction work done in Missouri  22 701 289 2

Construction work done in Montana  3 296 168 2

Construction work done in Nebraska  6 875 682 1

Construction work done in Nevada  17 751 212 1

Construction work done in New Hampshire 5 182 843 3

Construction work done in New Jersey  37 848 849 2

Construction work done in New Mexico  6 583 902 2

Construction work done in New York  66 150 479 1

Construction work done in North Carolina  35 661 247 1 Construction work done in North Dakota  2 271 462 3

Construction work done in Ohio 38 783 353 1

Construction work done in Oklahoma 9 317 977 2

Construction work done in Oregon  13 947 083 1

Construction work done in Pennsylvania  43 915 124 1

Construction work done in Rhode Island  4 020 869 2

Construction work done in South Carolina 16 973 821 5 Construction work done in South Dakota 2 850 189 2 Construction work done in Tennessee  18 300 170 2 Construction work done in Texas  93 334 906 1 Construction work done in Utah 9 806 226 2 Construction work done in Vermont  2 183 576 3 Construction work done in Virginia  35 615 703 1 Construction work done in Washington  26 680 811 1 Construction work done in West Virginia  4 252 706 2 Construction work done in Wisconsin 21 948 676 2

Construction work done in Wyoming 2 822 440 2

236 Construction of buildings

Total  521 936 291 –

Construction work done in Alabama  6 039 015 3

Construction work done in Alaska  1 760 215 9

Construction work done in Arizona  14 373 025 2

Construction work done in Arkansas 2 840 735 4

Construction work done in California  65 094 682 2

Construction work done in Colorado 15 258 643 2

Construction work done in Connecticut  5 585 730 3

Construction work done in Delaware  1 800 700 5

Construction work done in District of Columbia 2 440 378 2

Construction work done in Florida 39 437 704 3

Construction work done in Georgia 18 990 950 3

Construction work done in Hawaii  3 193 540 2

Construction work done in Idaho  2 694 995 7

Construction work done in Illinois  21 681 324 2

Construction work done in Indiana  10 290 857 3

Construction work done in Iowa 3 783 519 2

Construction work done in Kansas  4 214 582 3

Construction work done in Kentucky 4 747 345 4

Construction work done in Louisiana  5 149 183 3

Construction work done in Maine  1 549 952 4

Construction work done in Maryland 11 791 567 3

Construction work done in Massachusetts  12 639 828 3

Construction work done in Michigan  15 612 077 2

Construction work done in Minnesota 12 216 242 3 Construction work done in Mississippi  2 588 832 4

Construction work done in Missouri  9 934 640 4

Construction work done in Montana  1 377 694 4

Construction work done in Nebraska  2 885 436 2

Construction work done in Nevada  8 071 571 2

Construction work done in New Hampshire 2 341 836 7

Construction work done in New Jersey  16 487 345 3

Construction work done in New Mexico  3 018 589 3

Construction work done in New York  26 546 442 2

Construction work done in North Carolina  17 287 816 2

Construction work done in North Dakota  630 418 6

Construction work done in Ohio 16 025 005 2

Construction work done in Oklahoma 3 614 922 4

Construction work done in Oregon  5 930 308 2

Construction work done in Pennsylvania  17 833 305 2

Construction work done in Rhode Island  1 661 566 5

See footnotes at end of table.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 11

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 4. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Location of Construction Work:

2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and location of construction work Value of

construction work1 Relative standard

error of estimate (percent)

23 ConstructionCon.

236 Construction of buildingsCon.

Construction work done in South Carolina 7 105 766 3 Construction work done in South Dakota 1 099 802 4 Construction work done in Tennessee  8 192 190 4 Construction work done in Texas  40 149 529 2 Construction work done in Utah 4 279 826 4 Construction work done in Vermont  1 046 215 6 Construction work done in Virginia  17 075 562 2 Construction work done in Washington  12 129 183 2 Construction work done in West Virginia  1 412 157 5 Construction work done in Wisconsin 8 886 134 3 Construction work done in Wyoming 1 137 418 4

237 Heavy and civil engineering construction

Total  194 146 475 1 Construction work done in Alabama  2 956 415 3 Construction work done in Alaska  1 395 236 1 Construction work done in Arizona  4 737 537 2 Construction work done in Arkansas 1 818 105 2 Construction work done in California  22 140 906 2 Construction work done in Colorado 4 496 890 3 Construction work done in Connecticut  1 485 303 5 Construction work done in Delaware  574 319 5 Construction work done in District of Columbia 361 964 2 Construction work done in Florida 11 495 509 2

Construction work done in Georgia 7 569 255 3 Construction work done in Hawaii  942 716 2 Construction work done in Idaho  790 053 4 Construction work done in Illinois  7 714 093 2 Construction work done in Indiana  3 248 974 3 Construction work done in Iowa 1 929 788 3 Construction work done in Kansas  2 037 995 3 Construction work done in Kentucky 2 628 493 4 Construction work done in Louisiana  4 044 760 3 Construction work done in Maine  757 139 3

Construction work done in Maryland 2 883 843 6 Construction work done in Massachusetts  4 260 258 3 Construction work done in Michigan  4 987 624 3 Construction work done in Minnesota 4 242 386 4 Construction work done in Mississippi  2 661 886 2 Construction work done in Missouri  3 152 976 4 Construction work done in Montana  695 466 5 Construction work done in Nebraska  1 149 819 4

Construction work done in Nevada  2 479 345 4

Construction work done in New Hampshire 680 963 5

Construction work done in New Jersey  4 596 390 5

Construction work done in New Mexico  1 404 719 3

Construction work done in New York  8 308 244 3

Construction work done in North Carolina  6 144 992 2

Construction work done in North Dakota  627 051 5

Construction work done in Ohio 6 235 895 3

Construction work done in Oklahoma 2 157 326 6

Construction work done in Oregon  2 158 502 3

Construction work done in Pennsylvania  6 438 908 5

Construction work done in Rhode Island  623 404 3

Construction work done in South Carolina 3 682 409 2

Construction work done in South Dakota 676 040 4

Construction work done in Tennessee  3 363 087 3

Construction work done in Texas  20 761 285 3

Construction work done in Utah 1 649 408 3

Construction work done in Vermont  268 788 4

Construction work done in Virginia  4 977 626 2

Construction work done in Washington  4 397 138 2

Construction work done in West Virginia  1 134 005 3

Construction work done in Wisconsin 3 460 291 4

Construction work done in Wyoming 760 950 3

238 Specialty trade contractors

Total  480 477 090 –

Construction work done in Alabama  4 996 259 2 Construction work done in Alaska  1 407 343 3 Construction work done in Arizona  11 012 383 4 Construction work done in Arkansas 2 377 244 3 Construction work done in California  62 679 412 1 Construction work done in Colorado 11 775 428 2 Construction work done in Connecticut  6 409 577 2 Construction work done in Delaware  1 795 815 3 Construction work done in District of Columbia 1 866 799 1 Construction work done in Florida 27 616 369 2

Construction work done in Georgia 12 826 059 2 Construction work done in Hawaii  2 321 672 4 Construction work done in Idaho  1 944 746 3 Construction work done in Illinois  25 624 618 1 Construction work done in Indiana  9 389 549 2 Construction work done in Iowa 4 382 394 2

Construction work done in Kansas  4 126 960 2

Construction work done in Kentucky 4 998 740 3

Construction work done in Louisiana  5 581 280 2

Construction work done in Maine  1 870 212 3

See footnotes at end of table.

12 Industry KOB & TOC Summary ConstructionSubject Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 4. Value of Construction Work for Establishments by Location of Construction Work:

2002Con.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, and

nonsampling error, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

NAICS

code Subsector and location of construction work Value of

construction work1 Relative standard

error of estimate (percent)

23 ConstructionCon.

238 Specialty trade contractorsCon.

Construction work done in Maryland 11 155 256 2 Construction work done in Massachusetts  13 778 818 2 Construction work done in Michigan  16 076 637 2 Construction work done in Minnesota 10 869 076 2 Construction work done in Mississippi  2 663 381 3 Construction work done in Missouri  9 613 674 2 Construction work done in Montana  1 223 008 4 Construction work done in Nebraska  2 840 428 2 Construction work done in Nevada  7 200 296 2 Construction work done in New Hampshire 2 160 044 3

Construction work done in New Jersey  16 765 114 2 Construction work done in New Mexico  2 160 593 3 Construction work done in New York  31 295 792 1 Construction work done in North Carolina  12 228 440 2 Construction work done in North Dakota  1 013 994 3 Construction work done in Ohio 16 522 452 2 Construction work done in Oklahoma 3 545 730 3 Construction work done in Oregon  5 858 272 2 Construction work done in Pennsylvania  19 642 910 1 Construction work done in Rhode Island  1 735 899 3

Construction work done in South Carolina 6 185 647 14 Construction work done in South Dakota 1 074 347 3 Construction work done in Tennessee  6 744 893 2 Construction work done in Texas  32 424 092 2 Construction work done in Utah 3 876 992 3 Construction work done in Vermont  868 574 4 Construction work done in Virginia  13 562 516 2 Construction work done in Washington  10 154 491 2 Construction work done in West Virginia  1 706 544 2 Construction work done in Wisconsin 9 602 250 2 Construction work done in Wyoming 924 072 3

1For the 2002 Economic Census, the definition of value of construction work has been modified from the 1997 Economic Census definition. See Appendix A for the modified definition.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census data in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the

source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ConstructionSubject Series Industry KOB & TOC Summary 13

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

ESTABLISHMENT

A relatively permanent office, or other place of business, where the usual business activities

related to construction are conducted. Generally, a relatively permanent office is one which has

been established for the management of more than one project or job and which is expected to be

maintained on a continuing basis.

Number of establishments includes all establishments that were in business at any time during

the year. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Construction establishments which were

inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

VALUE OF BUSINESS DONE

Includes the sum of value of construction work and other business receipts. Value of business

done is the sum of receipts, billings, or sales from establishments of construction business activities plus receipts from other business activities.

Value of Construction Work

In the 1987-1997 censuses, the value of construction work was collected to measure actual construction activity done during the year. Studies have shown that respondents were not able to

accurately report these data. In 2002, receipts, billings, or sales for construction work was collected.

This item includes the receipts, billings, or sales for construction work done by building contractors, heavy and civil engineering construction contractors, and specialty trade contractors.

Included are new construction, additions, alterations or reconstruction, and maintenance and

repair construction work. Establishments engaged in the sale and installation of construction components such as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber

and building materials; paint, glass, and wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators,

or escalators were instructed to include both the value for the installation and receipts covering

the price of the items installed. Excluded are the cost of industrial and other special machinery

and equipment that are not an integral part of a structure and receipts from business operations

in foreign countries.

The value of construction work consists of several components that are summed up individually

to get the total value of construction work. These components are:

1. Value of construction work on government owned projects. This is the total of all projects

owned by federal, state, and local governments:

a. Value of construction work on federally owned projects. This is the value of construction

work for projects owned by the federal government.

b. Value of construction work on state and locally owned projects. This is the summed total

value of construction work for all projects owned by state and local governments.

2. Value of construction work on privately owned projects. This is the value of construction work

for projects owned privately (excluding government owned projects).

Other Business Receipts

Includes the receipts for all other business activities done by an establishment in the current year.

Includes business receipts not reported as value of construction work. This includes business

receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment without operator, manufacturing,

Construction Appendix A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
transportation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of property and other real estate operations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately definable architectural and

engineering work for others are also included here. Excluded are nonoperating income such as

interest, dividends, the sale of fixed assets, or receipts from other business operations in foreign

countries.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK BY TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

Includes the dollar value of construction work according to the specified types of construction.

There are three categories of construction. They are:

1. New construction. The original construction work done on a project including all finishing

work on the original building or structure. Land development work on the site and demolition

of existing structures are also included.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. The construction work which adds to the value or

useful life of an existing building or structure or which adapts a building or structure to a new

or different use. Included are “major replacements” of building systems such as the installation of a new roof or heating system and the resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of highways and streets, which

would be classified as maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. The incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary

working condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn maintenance and landscaping,

cleaning, and janitorial services.

Types of Construction

Provides data by the types of buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed or worked

on by construction establishments in the reporting year. Respondents were instructed that each

building, structure, or other facility should be classified in terms of its function. For example, a

restaurant building was to be classified in the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an educational institution. If respondents

worked on more than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding complex, they were

instructed to report separately for each building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e., office and residential, or commercial, they were to classify

the building by its major purpose. In addition, all respondents were requested to report the percentage of the value of construction work done for new construction, additions, alterations, or

reconstruction, and maintenance and repair work for each of these types. There are two types of

construction:

1. Building Construction. The details for this type of construction are defined as:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all fully detached residential buildings constructed

for one-family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type condominiums.

Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by side, completely

independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from

ground to roof.

• Apartment buildings, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes apartment

rentals, high-rise, low-rise, or any structures containing two or more housing units, excluding attached single-family houses.

• Dormitories and barracks. Includes school dormitories and military or nonmilitary barracks

that are nonhousekeeping structures.

• Other manufacturing and industrial buildings. Includes all manufacturing and industrial

buildings and plants that are used to house production and assembly activities. Note that

industrial parks should be classified under its primary usage such as warehouses, office

space, commercial, or industrial type buildings. Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included in this category but

are reported under nonbuilding construction.

A–2 Appendix A Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• Manufacturing and industrial warehouses. Includes all warehouses which are intended for

industrial activities.

• Hotels and motels. Includes hotels, motels, bed-and-breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings that are used primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings that are three

stories or more. Medical office buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

• All other miscellaneous commercial buildings. Includes all buildings that are intended for

use primarily in the retail and service trades, i.e., shopping centers, department stores,

drug stores, restaurants, public garages, auto service stations, and one- or two-story bank

or financial institutions.

• Commercial warehouses. Includes distribution buildings and mini-storage units intended

for commercial use. Also included are storage warehouses.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings that are intended for religious services or functions such as churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings that are used directly in administrative and

instructional activities such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools,

correspondence, commercial, and trade schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as

well as laboratories that are not a part of a manufacturing or commercial establishment,

are also included.

• Health care and institutional buildings. Includes hospitals, medical office buildings, and all

other buildings that are intended to provide health and institutional care such as clinics,

infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes for the aged, and orphanages.

• Public safety buildings. Includes detention centers, prisons, fire stations, and rescue squad

buildings.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings that are used primarily

for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf and country club buildings, fitness centers, and bowling

alleys.

• Indoor swimming pools. Includes pools that are inside a building.

• Indoor ice rinks. Includes ice rinks that are inside a building.

• Grain elevators and dry cleaning plants. Includes grain and storage elevators and dry cleaning plants.

• Waste disposal plants. Includes recycling centers, garbage disposal plants, incinerator disposed facilities, and material recovery facilities.

• Miscellaneous building construction. Includes all other nonresidential buildings such as fire

stations, post offices, and bus and air passenger terminals and hangars.

2. Nonbuilding Construction. The details for this type of construction are defined as:

• Highways, streets, and related work. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and

gutters, culverts, erosion control, installation of guard rails, highway signs, and lighting.

Also includes earthwork protective structures when used in connection with road improvements.

Construction Appendix A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• Airport runways and related work. Includes airport runways, taxiways, aprons, and related

work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all nonstructural parking areas and private

driveways of all surface types.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and water distribution tunnels.

• Sewers, sewer lines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers,

pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water supply systems, pumping stations, and

related facilities.

• Oil and gas pipeline construction. Includes pipelines for the transmission of gas, petroleum

products, and liquefied gases.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines, telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable television lines,

television and radio towers, and electric light and power facilities.

• Power plants and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric. Includes electric and steam

generating plants, cogenerating plants, and nuclear plants.

• Power plant, hydroelectric. Includes all types of hydroelectric power generating plants.

• Blast furnaces, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances

such as tipples and washeries.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and water softening plants.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, street cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and

signal towers for railroad systems, excluding urban mass transit.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes land reclamation, irrigation projects,

drainage canals, levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control

dams and reservoirs.

• Dry and Solid waste disposal. Includes all dry and solid waste disposal sites where nonhazardous waste is buried.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and wharves.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and locks.

• Petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries. Includes petroleum related facilities.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and reflecting pools.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing, except electronic containment fencing for pets.

• Electronic containment fencing. Includes all types of electronic containment fencing for

pets.

• Recreational facilities. Includes athletic fields, golf courses, outdoor tennis courts, trails,

and camps.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners, electricians, etc.

A–4 Appendix A Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• Oil and gas fields. Includes road construction, land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling contracting in oil and gas fields.

• Oil and gas field gathering lines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling contracting.

• Coal mines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling

contracting.

• Metal mines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land leveling

contracting.

• Nonmetallic mines. Includes land clearing contracting, land moving contracting, and land

leveling contracting.

• All other miscellaneous nonbuilding construction. Includes all other types of nonbuilding

construction.

KINDS OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Includes dollar value of business done by business activity. Primary activities are construction

activities that generate fifty-one percent or more of an establishment’s dollar value of business

done. Also included are other kinds of business activities. Other kinds of business activities

include business receipts not reported as value of construction work. This item includes business

receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment without an operator, manufacturing,

transportation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of property and other real estate operations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately definable architectural and

engineering work for others are also included in other kinds of business activities.

Construction Appendix A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix B.

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

SECTOR 23 CONSTRUCTION

The construction sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily

engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in

subdividing land for sale as building sites also are included in this sector.

Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and

repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but

they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilities

for establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1)contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2)contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts).

Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual construction projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known

as design-builders, construction managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more

establishments jointly secure a general contract) joint-venture contractors. Construction managers

that provide oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as construction managers that are

responsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type establishments. Establishments of the “general contractor type” frequently arrange construction of separate

parts of their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments.

Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g., masonry,

painting, and electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty trade

contractors. Activities of specialty trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments, but especially in remodeling and repair construction, the work may be

done directly for the owner of the property.

Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construct buildings to be sold on sites that they

own are known as operative builders, but also may be known as speculative builders or merchant

builders. Operative builders produce buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, but

their production processes also include site acquisition and securing of financial backing. Operative builders are most often associated with the construction of residential buildings. Like general

contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their buildings.

There are substantial differences in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs

required by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the

underlying production functions, this sector is divided into three subsectors.

Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor

type and operative builders involved in the construction of buildings. Subsector 237, Heavy and

Civil Engineering Construction, comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors, comprises establishments engaged

in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of all types of buildings.

Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged in

some business other than construction for its own account and use, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise. The installation and

the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is excluded from

construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors.

Construction Appendix B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independent contractors in the

Construction Sector, the operating units of telecommunications and utility companies performing

this work are included with the telecommunications or utility activities.

236 CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

The Construction of Buildings subsector comprises establishments primarily responsible for the

construction of buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or

maintenance and repairs. The on-site assembly of precut, panelized, and prefabricated buildings

and construction of temporary buildings are included in this subsector. Part or all of the production work for which the establishments in this sector have responsibility may be subcontracted to

other construction establishments usually specialty trade contractors.

Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of buildings they construct. This

classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes.

236115 NEW SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION (EXCEPT OPERATIVE

BUILDERS)

This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the entire

construction of new single-family housing, such as single-family detached houses and town

houses or row houses where each housing unit pertains to one or more of the following:

1. is separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall and

2. has no housing units constructed above or below.

This industry includes general contractors responsible for the on-site assembly of modular and

prefabricated houses. Single-family housing design-build firms and single-family construction

management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry.

236116 NEW MULTIFAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION (EXCEPT OPERATIVE BUILDERS)

This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments responsible for the construction of

new multifamily residential housing units (e.g., high-rise, garden, and town house apartments and

condominiums where each unit is not separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall). Multifamily design-build firms and multifamily housing construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry.

236117 NEW HOUSING OPERATIVE BUILDERS

This U.S. industry comprises operative builders primarily responsible for the entire construction of

new houses and other residential buildings, single-family and multifamily, on their own account

for sale. Operative builders are also known as speculative or merchant builders.

236118 RESIDENTIAL REMODELERS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the remodeling construction

(including additions, alterations, reconstruction, maintenance, and repair work) of houses and

other residential buildings (single-family and multifamily). Included in this industry are remodeling

general contractors, operative remodelers, remodeling design-build firms, and remodeling project

construction management firms.

236210 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including

new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, cement plants, blast furnaces, and similar

B–2 Appendix B Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
nonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Also included in this industry are industrial

building general contractors, industrial building operative builders, industrial building designbuild firms, and industrial building construction management firms.

236220 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including

new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildings and related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming pools. This

industry includes establishments responsible for the on-site assembly of modular or prefabricated

commercial and institutional buildings. Also included in this industry are commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building operative builders, commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building

project construction management firms.

237 HEAVY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

The Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector comprises establishments whose primary

activity is the construction of entire engineering projects (e.g., highways and dams), and specialty

trade contractors, whose primary activity is the production of a specific component for such

projects. Specialty trade contractors in Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction generally are performing activities that are specific to heavy and civil engineering construction projects and are not

normally performed on buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs.

Specialty trade activities are classified in this subsector if the skills and equipment present are

specific to heavy or civil engineering construction projects. For example, specialized equipment is

needed to paint lines on highways. This equipment is not normally used in building applications

so the activity is classified in this subsector. Traffic signal installation, while specific to highways,

uses much of the same skills and equipment that are needed for electrical work in building

projects and is therefore classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors.

Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage) and projects

involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this subsector. Establishments whose primary activity is the subdivision of land into individual building lots usually perform various additional site-improvement activities (e.g., road building and utility line installation)

and are included in this subsector.

Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of structures that they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes.

237110 WATER AND SEWER LINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and

sewer lines, mains, pumping stations, treatment plants, and storage tanks. The work performed

may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are

included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to water and sewer line

and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of

water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and

sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry.

237120 OIL AND GAS PIPELINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gas

lines, mains, refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they

are engaged in activities primarily related to oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this industry.

Construction Appendix B B–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
237130 POWER AND COMMUNICATION LINE AND RELATED STRUCTURES

CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of power lines

and towers, power plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting/receiving

towers. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs.

Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily

related to power and communication line and related structures construction. All structures

(including buildings) that are integral parts of power and communication networks (e.g., transmitting towers, substations, and power plants) are included.

237210 LAND SUBDIVISION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in servicing land and subdividing

real property into lots for subsequent sale to builders. Servicing of land may include excavation

work for the installation of roads and utility lines. The extent of work may vary from project to

project. Land subdivision precedes building activity and the subsequent building is often residential, but may also be commercial tracts and industrial parks. These establishments may do all the

work themselves or subcontract the work to others. Establishments that perform only the legal

subdivision of land are not included in this industry.

237310 HIGHWAY, STREET, AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of highways

(including elevated), streets, roads, airport runways, public sidewalks, or bridges. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to highway, street,

and bridge construction (e.g., installing guardrails on highways).

237990 OTHER HEAVY AND CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy and engineering construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, and distribution line construction). The work

performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to engineering

construction projects (excluding highway, street, bridge, distribution line, oil and gas structure,

and utilities building and structure construction). Construction projects involving water resources

(e.g., dredging and land drainage), development of marine facilities, and projects involving open

space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this industry.

238 SPECIALTY TRADE CONTRACTORS

The Specialty Trade Contractors subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is

performing specific activities (e.g., pouring concrete, site preparation, plumbing, painting, and

electrical work) involved in building construction or other activities that are similar for all types of

construction but that are not responsible for the entire project. The work performed may include

new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs. The production work performed by

establishments in this subsector is usually subcontracted from establishments of the general contractor type or operative builders but, especially in remodeling and repair construction, work also

may be done directly for the owner of the property. Specialty trade contractors usually perform

most of their work at the construction site, although they may have shops where they perform

prefabrication and other work. Establishments primarily engaged in preparing sites for new construction are also included in this subsector.

There are substantial differences in types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs

required by specialty trade contractors. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on

the underlying production function for the specialty trade in which they specialize. Throughout

the Specialty Trade Contractors subsector, establishments commonly provide both the parts and

B–4 Appendix B Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
labor required to complete work. For example, electrical contractors supply the current-carrying

and noncurrent-carrying wiring devices that are required to install a circuit. Plumbing, Heating and

Air-Conditioning contractors also supply the parts required to complete a contract.

Establishments that specialize in activities primarily related to heavy and civil engineering construction that are not normally performed on buildings, such as the painting of lines on highways

are classified in Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction.

Establishments that are primarily engaged in selling construction materials are classified in Sector

42, Wholesale Trade, or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, based on the characteristics of the selling unit.

238110 POURED CONCRETE FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURE CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in pouring and finishing concrete

foundations and structural elements. This industry also includes establishments performing grout

and shotcrete work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238120 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND PRECAST CONCRETE CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in:

1. erecting and assembling structural parts made from steel or precast concrete (e.g., steel

beams, structural steel components, and similar products of precast concrete) and/or

2. assembling and installing other steel construction products (e.g., steel rods, bars, rebar,

mesh, and cages) to reinforce poured-in-place concrete.

The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238130 FRAMING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in structural framing and sheathing using materials other than structural steel or concrete. The work performed may include new

work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238140 MASONRY CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting,

brick laying, and other stone work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238150 GLASS AND GLAZING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing glass panes in prepared openings (i.e., glazing work) and other glass work for buildings. The work performed may

include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238160 ROOFING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in roofing. This industry also

includes establishments treating roofs (i.e., spraying, painting, or coating) and installing skylights.

The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238170 SIDING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing siding of wood, aluminum, vinyl, or other exterior finish material (except brick, stone, stucco, or curtain wall). This

industry also includes establishments installing gutters and downspouts. The work performed

may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Construction Appendix B B–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
238190 OTHER FOUNDATION, STRUCTURE, AND BUILDING EXTERIOR CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building foundation and structure trades work (except poured concrete, structural steel, precast concrete, framing, masonry,

glass and glazing, roofing, and siding). The work performed may include new work, additions,

alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238210 ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical contractors included in this industry may include both the

parts and labor when performing work. Electrical contractors may perform new work, additions,

alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238220 PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing and servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment. Contractors in this industry may provide both parts

and labor when performing work. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238290 OTHER BUILDING EQUIPMENT CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing or servicing building

equipment (except electrical; plumbing; and heating, cooling, or ventilation equipment). The

repair and maintenance of miscellaneous building equipment is included in this industry. The

work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238310 DRYWALL AND INSULATION CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, and

building insulation work. Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, and installation of lath to receive plaster. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations,

maintenance, and repairs.

238320 PAINTING AND WALL COVERING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting or

interior wall covering. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238330 FLOORING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of resilient floor

tile, carpeting, linoleum, and hard wood flooring. The work performed may include new work,

additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

238340 TILE AND TERRAZZO CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in setting and installing ceramic

tile, stone (interior only), and mosaic and/or mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo

at the job site. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance,

and repairs.

238350 FINISH CARPENTRY CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in finish carpentry work. The work

performed may include new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

B–6 Appendix B Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
238390 OTHER BUILDING FINISHING CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in building finishing trade work

(except drywall, plaster and insulation work; painting and wall covering work; flooring work; tile

and terrazzo work; and finish carpentry work). The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs.

238910 SITE PREPARATION CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in site preparation activities, such

as excavating and grading, demolition of buildings and other structures, septic system installation, and house moving. Earth moving and land clearing for all types of sites (e.g., building, nonbuilding, mining) is included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in construction

equipment rental with operator (except cranes) are also included.

238990 ALL OTHER SPECIALTY TRADE CONTRACTORS

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized trades (except foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors; building equipment contractors; building finishing contractors; and site preparation contractors). The specialty trade work performed includes

new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs.

Construction Appendix B B–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix C.

Methodology

SOURCES OF THE DATA

The construction sector includes approximately 650,000 establishments that were detemined to

be in-scope of the 2002 Economic Census — Construction. This number includes those industries

in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) definition of construction with at

least one paid employee in 2002.

Establishments in the 2002 Economic Census are divided into those sent report forms and those

not sent report forms. The coverage of and the method of obtaining census information from each

are described below:

1. Establishments sent a report form:

Sample frame establishments. The sample frame consisted of the entire construction universe;

there were no subpopulations that were explicitly removed from the sample frame. The

sample frame was compiled from a list of all construction companies in the active records of

the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Social Security Administration (SSA) that are subject

to the payment of Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes. Under special arrangements, to

safeguard their confidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau obtains information on the location and

classification of the companies, as well as their payroll and receipts data from these sources.

Unfortunately, these sources do not provide establishment level information for companies

with multiple locations. For multilocation companies, the establishment level information is

directly obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Company Organization Survey. For singlelocation companies, the IRS-SSA information is generally sufficient for assigning the company

to a specific six-digit NAICS industry code.

The 2002 NAICS structure for the construction sector was significantly revised from the 1997

NAICS structure. Initially, only a small proportion of the establishments in the sample frame

could be directly assigned a 2002 NAICS industry code with a high degree of confidence.

Therefore, a special classification card was mailed to 150,000 construction establishments in

early 2002. The goal of this classification card was to obtain the current NAICS industry code

prior to assembly of the sample frame for the economic census — construction sample.

2. Establishments not sent a report form:

a. Nonsample frame establishments. There were a limited number of establishments included

in the business register who were completely unclassified at the time of the economic census — construction sampling operation. These establishments were mailed a general classification card in early 2003. A portion of these were ultimately determined to be in-scope of

the economic census — construction. Since this determination was not made until after the

sample selection operation had been completed; these establishments were treated as a

supplement to the original universe and were sampled independently for inclusion in the

derived estimates.

b. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms subject to federal income tax, with no paid employees,

were also excluded from the 2002 sample frame, as in previous censuses. Nonemployers

with significant levels of receipts data were identified and included in the census mailout

under the presumption that the nonemployer status may have been incorrect. Those determined to have employees are included in this report. Data for nonemployers are not

included in this report, but are released in the annual Nonemployer Statistics series.

The report forms used to collect information for establishments in this sector are available at

help.econ.census.gov/econhelp/resources/.

Construction Appendix C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
A more detailed examination of census methodology is presented in the History of the Economic

Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

The classifications for all establishments covered in the 2002 Economic Census — Construction

are classified in 1 of 31 industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), United States, 2002 manual. Changes between 1997

and 2002 affecting this sector are discussed in the text at the beginning of this report. Tables at

www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/n02ton97.htm identify those industries that changed between the

1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and 2002 NAICS.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as a group of establishments that use similar

processes or have similar business activities. To the extent practical, the system uses supplybased or production-oriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by construction, value of business

done, and number of employees.

The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with

successive additions of numerical digits. In the construction sector for 2002, there are 3 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 10 industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 28 NAICS industries (five-digit

NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 31 U.S. industries (sixdigit NAICS).

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The 2002 Economic Census — Construction is conducted on an establishment basis. A construction establishment is defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of business where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a relatively

permanent office is one that has been established for the management of more than one project

or job and that is expected to be maintained on a continuing basis. Such establishment activities

include, but are not limited to, estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and operation of the

actual construction work being conducted at one or more construction sites. Separate construction reports were not required for each project or construction site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate

report for each establishment operated during any part of the census year. The construction sector figures represent a tabulation of records for individual establishments, rather than for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity at the same place of business, it was requested to file a separate report for each

activity, provided that the activity was of substantial size and separate records were maintained. If

a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report

was requested covering all activities of that establishment providing that the value of construction

work exceeded the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

The 2002 Economic Census — Construction excludes data for central administrative offices

(CAOs). These would include separately operated administrative offices, warehouses, garages, and

other auxiliary units that service construction establishments of the same company. These data

are published in a separate report series.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE FRAME

The major objective of the sample design was to provide a sample that would provide reliable

estimates at the state by industry level. For sample efficiency considerations, the establishments

in the initial 2002 construction frame were partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the sample frame. The details of each are described below:

1. Probability-proportionate-to-size (pps) sample. There were three non-overlapping strata for

sample selection. An independent sample was selected within each state by industry cell. The

details of each stratum were defined as:

C–2 Appendix C Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• Stratum 1. This stratum was comprised of approximately 12,000 establishments associated

with multilocation companies. The establishments of these multiunit companies were

included in the construction sample with certainty.

• Stratum 2. This stratum was comprised of approximately 145,000 single-location companies that could be classified into a valid 2002 NAICS industry. These cases accounted for

approximately 75 percent of the payroll associated with single-location companies in construction. The industry code for most of these establishments was determined from the

special classification card that was mailed in early 2002. This group was partitioned into

state by NAICS (six-digit) cells and an independent sample selected from each cell. Within

each cell, a probability-proportionate-to-size (pps) sampling strategy was used. Under this

approach, the probability of selection for the sample for larger establishments is higher

than for smaller establishments. There were approximately 80,000 establishments selected

from this group.

• Stratum 3. This stratum was comprised of the remaining single-location companies. For

these companies, we did not have an updated 2002 NAICS industry code. The most recent

classification information available for these companies was their 1997 NAICS. Using this

1997 NAICS industry code, this stratum was partitioned into state by NAICS (four-digit)

cells; and an independent sample selected from each cell. Again, probability-proportionateto-size sampling methodology was utilized. There were approximately 30,000 establishments selected from this group.

Subsequent to the initial census mail-out, companies that initiated operations in 2002 were

identified via administrative sources. To assure proper representation of the entire in-scope

population, simple random samples of these new operations were selected and mailed

separately.

2. Estimation and variances. Based on the response data, establishments were assigned to the

appropriate NAICS (six-digit) industry. At each level of tabulation, unbiased estimates were

derived by summing the weighted establishment data where the establishment sample weight

was equal to the inverse of its probability of selection for the construction sample.

The resulting estimates were generated from one of many possible samples and are subject to

sampling variability. Estimates of this sample variability were independently derived at all levels of aggregation. These sampling variances were then aggregated to the publication levels

for the computation of the relative standard errors.

RELIABILITY OF DATA

The estimates developed from the sample can differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the sample lists, but are otherwise conducted under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling errors (the

difference between the estimates obtained and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable, complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard errors of estimates.

The particular sample selected for the construction sector is one of many similar probability

samples that, by chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of the

possible samples would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretically, comparable,

complete-coverage values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed from the sample data. They are presented in

the form of relative standard errors that are the standard errors divided by the estimated values to

which they refer.

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative standard error may be used to define confidence intervals, or ranges that would include the comparable, complete-coverage value for

specified percentages of all the possible samples.

The complete-coverage value would be included in the range:

Construction Appendix C C–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• From one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate for about twothirds of all possible samples.

• From two standard errors below to two standard errors above the derived estimate for about 19

out of 20 of all possible samples.

• From three standard errors below to three standard errors above the derived estimate for nearly

all samples.

An inference is that the comparable complete-survey result would fall within the indicated ranges

and the relative frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining

the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would differ from complete-coverage

results by as much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively.

For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at 50,000 with an associated relative standard

error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of 50,000). There is approximately

67 percent confidence that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the complete-coverage total,

about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total, and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000 to 53,000 includes the completecoverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational

errors: errors of collection; reporting; coding; transcription; imputation for nonresponse, etc.

These operational errors also would occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under the

same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of their effects generally are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational errors were detected and corrected during the U.S. Census Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small

operational errors usually remain. To some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals

shown. When important operational errors were detected too late to correct the estimates, the

data were suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part of the effect of the operational errors. The

total errors, which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures

shown in the tables of this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 75 percent

may be combined with higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which then may be of

acceptable reliability.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by all construction establishments in each

of the industry, geographic area, or other groupings contains varying amounts of duplication. This

is because the construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to other construction firms

and may also be included in the subcontractors’ value of construction work. Also, part of the

value of construction results from the use of products of nonconstruction industries as input

materials. These products are counted in the nonconstruction industry, as well as part of the value

of construction. Value added avoids this duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure

for comparing the relative economic importance of industries or geographic areas. Value added

for construction industries is defined as the dollar value of business done less costs for construction work subcontracted to others and payments for materials, components, supplies, and fuels.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no

data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company.

However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered

a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at

www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.

C–4 Appendix C Construction

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

2002 Economic Census Appendix D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix E.

Metropolitan and Micropolitan

Statistical Areas

Not applicable for this report.

2002 Economic Census Appendix E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
EC02-23SG-2 2002 Industry Kind-of-Business and Type of Construction Summary: 2002 2002 Economic Census Construction Subject Series USCENSUSBUREAU