# Patent

## Title
Multiple function lock

## Abstract

A multiple function lock comprising a body, an engaging element having a first end and a second end, a locking mechanism for securing the first end and the second end of the engaging element to the body, and a gate mechanism for selectively concealing or revealing a passage in the body through which the second end may move to unlock the lock. In certain embodiments, a multiple function lock may comprise a body, a U-shaped shackle having toe and heel portions, the heel portion rotatably secured within the body, a locking mechanism for locking the heel and the toe portions within the body, a passage through the body adjacent to the toe portion, the toe portion adapted to move through the passage to unlock the lock, and either a retaining cup, an adjustable gate, or an outer housing, each being adapted to selectively block or reveal the passage.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/229,857 filed on Aug. 27, 2008 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/871,800 filed Jun. 18, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,424,812 issued on Sept. 16, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/845,624 filed May 13, 2004, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 60/470,999 filed May 16, 2003, 60/479,742 filed Jun. 19, 2003, 60/482,853 tiled Jun. 26, 2003, and 60/512,615 filed Oct. 20, 2003, the entire disclosures of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.
Patent application Ser. No. 12/229,857 filed on Aug. 27, 2008 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/845,624 filed May 13, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,434,426 issued on Oct. 14, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Ser. Nos. 60/470,999 filed May 16, 2003, 60/479,742 filed Jun. 19, 2003, 60/482,853 filed Jun. 26, 2003, and 60/512,615 filed Oct. 20, 2003, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional locks, such as padlocks employing U-shaped shackles, are extremely popular. One reason for their popularity is the ease and convenience of their attachment to, and fit with, the hasps and other attachment mechanisms of devices with which they are used to provide for the unlatching and opening of the secured assembly.
The latching and locking functions of conventional locks most often involve the manipulation of an engaging element with respect to a captive element. The captive element typically includes a captive space, or cavity, within which the engaging element may be secured. When secured, the lock is locked and when unsecured the lock is unlocked. Conventional engaging elements are commonly referred to as shackles or bolts, depending on the category of lock being described. Nevertheless, conventional shackles and bolts generally work off identical principles known in the art.
The locks most frequently in use today rely on a single locking mechanism, most typically being operated by a key. Other locks rely on keyless locking mechanisms, such as combination locks. Notwithstanding, some applications require multiple function locks combining both key and combination functions. Dual function locks combining two key functions are also known. Such multiple function locks typically allow for the opening of the lock by one of two methods, namely, by either one of the multiple locking functions being unlocked independently or by both of the multiple locking functions being unlocked together. Those locks that require manipulation of multiple locking functions together are often referred to as multiple custody locks, in that two custodians are typically utilized. In any event, each of the opening methods typically manipulates one locking mechanism which serves to move the engaging element into or out of the captive space provided by the captive element.
Alternative mechanisms offering locking functions that rely on neither keys nor combinations are also known. These mechanisms require specialized tools to unlock and release the secured elements and find very limited application outside of very specialized markets.
Tamper indicative devices such as PRIVASEAL® brand protective seals have long been used as one time use security elements to provide evidence of tampering or access to secured objects. PRIVASEAL® is a registered trademark of Stanton Concepts, Inc., P.O. Box 139, Stanton, N.J. Locks incorporating seals as part of the security function in combination with key or keyless (combination) mechanisms are known. The seals are typically incorporated into the conventional locks such that the integrity of the seal is compromised upon opening or attempted opening of the lock to indicate access or tampering. Preferably, the seal is arranged such that tampering is readily apparent upon initial visual observation.
Today, safety concerns, particularly air travel safety concerns, mandate that security authorities have access to checked luggage, large shipping containers entering airport property, and the like. However, many lock users secure the item being locked with locks designed only for their own personal use. These locks may be provided with key or keyless (combination) function. Lacking the appropriate key or combination, authorized security personnel may be required to open the lock destructively.
The issue of nondestructive access has created the need for a new class of dual function locks. This new lock concept would permit the user to have the security and ease of use available from the traditional lock and, in addition, provide the appropriate authority with the ability to open and close the lock nondestructively, and independently from the traditional locking mechanism. This alternative function may provide credible security by being difficult to circumvent. Preferably, this alternative function is not the weakest opening mechanism in the lock, so that the alternative function is not the easiest mode of attack by those attempting forced or unauthorized entry.
In addition, the option for control and tracking of the opening event may be available by the use of tamper indicative devices, such as PRIVASEAL® protective seals. Such seals may be incorporated in a manner to reveal the operation of the alternative security function and/or the traditional locking elements.
The prior art is abundant with clever solutions to these problems used independently or in limited combination. However, none of the prior art devices combine these multiple features and functions as revealed herein. The subject invention combines various conventional security functions with novel developments to solve the new requirements for separate and discrete access to a single secured lock.
Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a novel lock, and specifically a novel multiple function lock using key, keyless (combination), alternative mechanisms or tamper indicative seals, singly or in combination, to provide for secure control of the opening and closing of the lock through various means which may be employed independently of each other.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The multiple function lock of the present invention is designed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art. Several objectives and advantages of this invention follow from the novel method by which the traditional security functions are achieved using multiple security elements in combination. The traditional captive element incorporates a captive space within which an engaging element, shackle toe, lock bolt or the like, may be selectively inserted to lock or unlock the lock. The lock may be unlocked, unlatched and opened by manipulating a locking mechanism to move the engaging element. The locking mechanism is preferably a conventional locking mechanism known in the art, such as a keyed mechanism or a combination mechanism.
A novel second method for freeing the engaging element to permit opening of the lock without utilizing the traditional locking mechanism is also presented herein. This may be achieved by moving a blocking element, for example through translation or rotation, to selectively reveal a passage through which the engaging element may pass independent of the locking mechanism. This movement may be introduced by use of a specialized tool that engages the restricting component and provides for its realignment, rotation, shifting, or the like, disengaging the engaging element from within the captive element, thus permitting the lock to be opened. This realignment motion may also be achieved by use of an independent conventional locking element when such is appropriate to the application. The action may be reversed to return the engaging element to the engaged, locked, and secure position with the captive element.
This invention includes several families of means to achieve the result described. The embodiments provide a range of sizes and variety of functional elements used singly or in combination to meet the requirements of the applications.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a multiple function lock may comprise a body, an engaging element having a first end, a locking mechanism for securing the first end to the body; and, a gate mechanism for selectively concealing or revealing a passage in the body through which the first end may move to unlock the lock without operating the locking mechanism.
The gate mechanism may further comprise a blocking element, the blocking element concealing or revealing the passage through movement of the blocking element.
The gate mechanism may further comprise a blocking element, the blocking element concealing or revealing the passage through rotation of the blocking element.
The gate mechanism may further comprise a blocking element, the blocking element concealing or revealing the passage through translation of the blocking element.
The multiple function lock may further comprise a spring operatively engaged with the gate mechanism, the spring adapted to influence the gate mechanism into a position concealing the passage.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a multiple function lock may comprise a body, a U-shaped shackle having a toe portion and a heel portion, the heel portion rotatably secured within the body, a passage through the body adjacent to the toe portion, the toe portion adapted to move through the passage upon rotation of the heel portion to unlock the lock; and, a blocking member selectively revealing or concealing the passage to permit the toe portion to move therethrough.
The blocking member may comprise a retaining cup adapted to be housed within the body, the retaining cup being arranged to move between a first position in which a barrier member blocks the passage and a second position in which the barrier member is clear of the passage.
The retaining cup may be moveable by rotation and adapted to be engaged by a tool to rotate.
The body may further comprise a slot and the blocking member may further comprise a bore, the bore adapted to receive a tool through the slot, the tool adapted to selectively rotate the retaining cup between the first position and the second position.
The tool may be inserted into the body only through a mating hole in the body forming a portion of the slot, the mating hole aligned with the bore.
The blocking member may comprise a base with a blocking element extending therefrom.
The base may be cylindrical.
The multiple function lock may further comprise a spring adapted to mate with the blocking member to default the blocking member to a position concealing the passage.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a multiple function lock may comprise a body, a U-shaped shackle having a toe portion and a heel portion, the heel portion rotatably secured within the body, a passage through the body adjacent to the toe portion, the toe portion adapted to move through the passage to unlock the lock; and, an adjustable gate housed within the body, the adjustable gate being moveable between a first position blocking the passage and a second position not blocking the passage.
The adjustable gate may comprise a base with an arm extending therefrom, the arm may be adapted to block the passage when the adjustable gate is in the first position.
The base may be adapted to receive a tool to apply force to the base to move the adjustable gate between the first position and the second position.
The multiple function lock may further comprise a spring housed within the body, the spring applying force to the arm such that the adjustable gate defaults to the first position.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a multiple function lock may comprise a body; a U-shaped shackle having toe and heel portions, the heel portion rotatably secured within the body; a passage through the body adjacent to the toe portion, the toe portion adapted to move through the passage to unlock the lock upon rotation of the heel portion; and, an outer housing wrapping partially around the body, the outer housing being moveable between a first position concealing the passage and a second position revealing the passage.
The outer housing may further comprise an aperture adapted to accept a tool for moving the outer housing between the first position and the second position.
The body may include a plurality of channels on the outer surface thereof, the outer housing adapted to engage the channels to attach the outer housing to the body.
The body may house a spring adapted to apply force to the outer housing such that the outer housing defaults to the first position.
The body may further comprise a pin-tumbler mechanism and the outer housing may further comprise at least one aperture aligned with the pin-tumbler mechanism, the pin-tumbler mechanism restricting movement of the outer housing relative to the body until the pin-tumbler system is aligned along a shear plane.
The outer housing may extend beyond the body.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a tool for use with a multiple function lock having a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism, the first locking mechanism adapted to selectively engage or disengage a captive element from within a captive space and the second locking mechanism adapted to disengage or engage the captive element from within the captive space independent of the first locking mechanism is presented. The tool may have a structure adapted to attach to the lock to operate the second locking mechanism.
The tool may comprise a first engaging element extending from a first jaw and a second engaging element extending from a second jaw, the engaging elements adapted to mate with the lock for opening the lock upon operation of the tool.
The tool may further comprise a cutting mechanism.
The tool may further comprise a pair of jaws and the cutting mechanism may comprise at least one anvil housed between the jaws.
The tool may further comprise a first handle and a second handle connected to a first jaw and a second jaw by a ratcheting mechanism, the ratcheting mechanism adapted to move the first jaw in proximity to the second jaw upon repeated actuation of the first and second handles.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with features, objects, and advantages thereof will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings. It is intended that any additional organizations, methods of operation, features, objects or advantages ascertained by one skilled in the art be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
In regard to the drawings, FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a conventional security lock shown in the locked position;
FIG. 1b is a perspective view of the conventional security lock of FIG. 1a shown in the unlocked and open position;
FIG. 2a is a perspective view of a security lock shown in the locked position in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a perspective view of the security lock of FIG. 2a shown in the unlocked and open position;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a retaining cup forming a portion of the security lock shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b; 
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a tool adapted to lock or unlock the security lock shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b; 
FIG. 5a is an exploded perspective view of a second tool adapted to lock and unlock the security lock shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b alongside a security lock of the type shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b; 
FIG. 5b is a perspective view of the tool and security lock of FIG. 5a in an assembled condition;
FIG. 6a is a perspective view of another embodiment of a security lock in accordance with the present invention shown in the locked position;
FIG. 6b is a is a perspective view of the security lock of FIG. 6a shown in the unlocked and open position;
FIG. 7a is a perspective view of another embodiment of a security lock in accordance with the present invention shown in the locked position;
FIG. 7b is a perspective view of the security lock of FIG. 7a shown in the unlocked and open position;
FIG. 7c is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a security lock in accordance with the present invention shown in the locked position along with a tool adapted for locking and unlocking the lock;
FIG. 8a is a perspective view of another embodiment of a security lock in accordance with the present invention shown in the locked position;
FIG. 8b is a perspective view of the security lock of FIG. 8a shown in the unlocked and open position;
FIG. 9a depicts a tool adapted to unlock locks of the type shown in FIG. 7a and a lock of the type shown in FIG. 7a in an initial step in the method of unlocking a lock;
FIG. 9b depicts the tool and lock of FIG. 9a in a subsequent step of the method of unlocking a lock; and,
FIG. 9c depicts the tool of FIG. 9a in position to cut the shackle of a non-conforming lock.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following are described the preferred embodiments of the multiple function lock in accordance with the present invention. In describing the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be used for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. Where like elements have been depicted in multiple embodiments, identical reference numerals have been used in the multiple embodiments for ease of understanding.
It will become evident to one skilled in the art that several objectives and advantages of this invention follow from the novel method by which the traditional security functions are achieved using multiple security elements in combination. In conventional security locks, the key or combination locking and latching function engages the heel and toe of the U-shaped shackle within the lock body to provide security. The lock may be unlocked, unlatched and opened by manipulating the locking mechanism, lifting the shackle to free the toe from a cavity provided in the body and rotating the toe away from the body, all while the heel remains retained within the body.
A second method for freeing the toe to permit the rotation of the shackle to the open position without the traditional lifting motion is also presented herein. This latter method is achieved by moving the restricting cavity or restricting component out of engagement with the toe of the shackle. This motion may be achieved by use of a specialized tool that engages the restricting component and provides for its realignment or shifting. This movement disengages the shackle from the body at the toe permitting the shackle to be rotated to the open position. This realignment motion may also be achieved by use of an independent conventional locking element when such is appropriate to the application. The action is reversed to return the shackle to the engaged, locked, and secure position.
In other embodiments, the tool may be utilized to unlock a first locking mechanism to reveal a second locking mechanism, rather than to open the lock directly. The general concept of revealing a second mechanism is known in the art and finds utility in providing multiple levels of security within a single unit. Often, locks with this general feature are known in the industry as “trick” locks. However, here, one of the multiple locking mechanisms may be independent from the others and may operate in accordance with the novel teachings of this invention.
Multiple separate locking mechanisms may be incorporated into a single lock. As applied to certain embodiments of the present invention, the specialized tool may therefore be utilized to unlock and reveal a subsequent locking mechanism, where the subsequent locking mechanism is operative to free the toe of the shackle. In other embodiments, the sequence of locking mechanisms may be altered, such that the tool is not necessarily the final locking mechanism manipulated to unlock the toe of the shackle. Rather, a subsequent locking mechanism may be required to be undone to unlock and opening the lock.
This invention includes several families of means to achieve the result described. The embodiments provide a range of sizes and variety of functional elements used singly or in combination to meet the requirements of the applications.
Additionally, the present invention permits the exploitation of several advantages of conventional locks. The conventional well-known security class of locks provides reasonable cost, well-tooled, efficiently manufactured, and functionally reliable locking mechanisms using either a key or keyless (combination) mechanisms. These locks find very wide acceptance in today's security market. It has been advantageous to adapt a similar sized and strength lock to include the features of the present invention.
Building on the teachings of the parent application, the present invention employs the teachings and applies them to a higher security class of locks than previously taught to provide a multiple function lock in a security level not previously obtained.
It will be appreciated that when used herein, the term “tool” shall be construed broadly to include at least those devices used to facilitate manual or mechanical work, such as instruments or apparatuses used in performing an operation or which are necessary for the practice of a vocation. The definition of “tool” shall be construed broadly to include devices which incorporate a mechanical advantage and/or structure to withstand a torsional or other force implemented to initiate the mechanical advantage, as well as devices which do not incorporate a mechanical advantage, such as tools utilizing the principles of electronics, magnetism, hydraulics, pneumatics, or the like. The tools may also be power driven such as a conventional drill or the like.
One subset of tools are keys. “Keys” shall be construed more narrowly than tools herein to include only conventional keys having differentiated patterns, or bitting, and which are adapted to manipulate a lock mechanism without the influence of a substantial mechanical advantage. Examples of such keys are those used to operate conventional pin tumbler cylinder locks.
Referring now to the figures, FIG. 1a depicts a conventional security lock 10, as known in the art. Such locks 10 are often referred to as security padlocks. The lock 10 of FIG. 1a is shown in the locked position. Security locks 10 generally comprise a body 12 having a locking mechanism (not shown) therein. The locking mechanism found in the lock 10 shown in FIG. 1a is a keyed mechanism, as is well known in the art. Other mechanisms, such as combination or non-key tool operated mechanisms, are also known in the art, and may be utilized effectively with the present invention. A U-shaped shackle 16 may be rotatably engaged to the body 12 at the heel 18 of the shackle. As known in the art, the locking mechanism typically engages the heel 18 and toe 20 of the shackle 16 with a latch 14 (FIGS. 1b and 6a) to selectively lock or unlock the lock 10 by capturing the heel and the toe when the heel and toe are pushed into the body 12. For example, the latch 14 may engage a notch 15 formed in the toe 20 of the shackle 16 as well as a similar notch 15 formed in the heel 18. The latch 14 may be manipulated by operation of the locking mechanism, as is well known in the art.
In conventional locks other than padlocks, the locking elements, though with similar function, are often referred to utilizing different terminology than described with respect to padlocks. Broadly, the engaging element is often referred to as a bolt or latch. In order to lock or unlock the lock, the engaging element is adapted to be received by a captive element, or more specifically a captive space formed within a captive element. This captive element is often referred to as a strike.
Using a conventional deadbolt for a door as an example, the deadbolt itself is the bolt and the strike is that area on the door jamb which the deadbolt enters when locked, and exits when opened. The strike area is typically defined by a metallic plate having an opening therethrough. No matter the terminology used or the function or field of operation of the lock, the present invention is intended to be construed broadly to incorporate the elements described as engaging elements and captive elements.
Referring again to the figures, in a conventional security lock, the toe 20 of the shackle 16 may be retained within a retaining cup 22 when the shackle is locked. The retaining cup 22 is more clearly shown in FIG. 1b, which depicts the lock 10 of FIG. 1a in an unlocked and opened position. The retaining cup 22 is typically a simple recess machined or cast into the body 12 of the conventional security lock 10. Upon unlocking the lock 10, the heel 18 is released from within the body 12 allowing the shackle 16 to be lifted so the toe 20 may be rotated away from the retaining cup 22.
In a conventional security lock 10, the heel 18 and toe 20 of the shackle 16 are typically captured within the body 12 by operation of the locking mechanism 14. While the heel 18 and toe 20 of a conventional security lock 10 are locked by capture and engagement within the body 12 by portions of the locking mechanism 14, the shackle is typically free to rotate about the heel, and is only prevented from doing so by blocking of the toe 20 by the retaining cup 22. Heretofore, this feature of a conventional security lock has not been exploited as in the present invention.
As such, embodiments of the present invention incorporate the features of conventional security locks with novel improvements to achieve the secure control of the toe 20 of the shackle 16 in addition to the secure control of the heel 18. Much like as taught in the parent application, securement of the toe 20, in addition to, and independent from, securement of the heel 18 provides a totally independent and alternate method of locking and unlocking the lock 10.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, a lock 10i is depicted as having a lock body 12 which includes a passage 24 beginning at the point where the centerline 21 of the toe of the shackle 16 intersects with the top 26 of the body 12 and extending through the front side 28 of the body 12. As shown in FIG. 2b, the toe 20 of the shackle 16 may pass through the passage 24 when the toe is moved in rotation about the heel 18. Preferably, however, the passage 24 includes means for selectively restricting this motion. In that regard, a novel retaining cup 30 with a blocking element 32 may be provided. The retaining cup 30 is shown most clearly in FIG. 3.
As shown, the retaining cup 30 may comprise a cylindrical base 34 with a blocking element 32 extending generally upwardly therefrom. The blocking element 32 shown in FIG. 3 is a walled portion extending from the cylindrical base 34. However, many configurations of physical boundaries may suffice for this purpose. For example, the blocking element 32 may be a simple post, or a plurality of posts, extending from the cylindrical base 34.
It will be appreciated that the height of the blocking element 32 above the cylindrical base 34, the thickness of the blocking element, and the materials from which the blocking element is constructed, will all assist in determining the security level of the lock 10i. Preferably, the retaining cup 30 is formed from a single piece of common metal alloys, such as brass. Alternatively, the retaining cup 30 may be formed from plastics or exotic metal alloys, such as titanium. Also, the blocking element 32 and the cylindrical base 34 may be separate pieces of the same or different materials joined together. It is preferable, however, that the retaining cup be formed from a single piece of material.
As shown in FIG. 2a and previously discussed, the retaining cup 30 may form a portion of the lock body 12 at the intersection of the toe 20 of the shackle 16 and the top 26 of the body. In this position, the blocking element 32 may be rotated from a closed position restricting the rotational motion of the shackle heel to move the toe 20 through the passage 24 (shown in FIG. 2a) to the open position providing freedom of movement for the toe 20 of the shackle 16 (shown in FIG. 2b). When the blocking element 32 is closed and restricting the movement of the toe 20 of the shackle 16, the toe latch 14 continues to be engaged with the notch 15 formed in the toe 20 of the shackle 16 to restrict any vertical or lifting motion. Again, the locked position is shown in FIG. 2a, while the unlocked position is shown in FIG. 2b. 
It will be appreciated that the body 12 of the novel lock 10i described herein may be provided with extra capacity to house the moveable elements of the present invention beyond the capacity of a conventional lock shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b. As shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the body 12 may be rounded near the toe 20 of the shackle 16 to provide additional volume where conventional bodies, such as those shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, are typically squared off at the toe. Locks 10i may be provided in this fashion with the amount of added volume required to suit the purpose. Additionally, the lock 10i need not be rounded, but may in fact be square so long as sufficient volume to house the required components is allotted for.
As with the conventional lock, lifting motion along the long axis of the heel 18 of the shackle 16 is required to engage or disengage the traditional latching and locking elements 14 within the body 12. This is considered the vertical motion option. This conventional function is preserved and operates in the normal manner throughout the embodiments of this invention.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, however, the novel retaining cup 30 shown in FIG. 3 acts as a gate to permit a second mechanism of unlocking and unlatching the lock 10i. The blocking element 32 of the retaining cup 30 may be rotated to the closed position shown in FIG. 2a preventing the toe 20 of the shackle 16 from moving through the passage 24. Conversely, the blocking element 32 may be rotated to the open position allowing the toe 20 of the shackle 16 to move through the passage 24 to unlock and unlatch the padlock 10 as shown in FIG. 2b. 
The novel retaining cup 30 in FIG. 3 is provided with a bore 36 through the full diameter of the cylindrical base 34. This bore 36 provides for the engagement of a tool, such as tool 40 shown in FIG. 4, that may be inserted through a mating hole 42 (FIG. 2a) extending through the front side 28 of the body 12 to engage the bore.
In this regard, the body 12 may be provided with a slot 44 (FIG. 2a) to accept the tool 40 shown in FIG. 4. The tool 40 is preferably provided with a cylindrical engaging element 46 that fits through mating hole 42 and into bore 36. The tool 40 may also be provided with a relatively flat web section 48 between the engaging element 46 and a driving element 50, which may be shaped as a handle for better user control. Slot 44 provides for the clearance for insertion of the web 48, as well as rotation of the tool 40. The driving element 50 may be manipulated by hand to provide a rotational force acting in either a counter-clockwise or clockwise direction to cause rotation of the retaining cup 30. This rotation selectively moves the blocking element 32 from the closed to the open position, or vice-versa.
The combination of the slot 44 in the body 12 of the lock 10i and mating web 48 of the tool 40 provide at least two security features. The narrow dimension of the slot 44 blocks the passage of conventional tools having cylindrical shafts such as screwdrivers. The torque required to cause the rotation of the retaining cup 30 may be substantial to require the robust dimensions of elements 46, 48, and 50. Accordingly, less robust tools may not be sufficient. For example, it is preferred that the force required to rotate the retaining cup 30 is greater than a conventional cylindrical tool could provide, if the tool were sized to permit the cylindrical portion to enter the slot 44.
Preferably, the slot 44 may terminates only at one end of rotation with hole 42. The effect of this arrangement is to capture the tool 40 with element 46 within the body 12 and with the gate-blocking element 32 in the open position. The tool 40 may only then be disengaged when the gate is returned to the closed position, and engaging element 46 is brought back within the hole 42. This arrangement provides for the toe 20 of the shackle 16 to be either locked securely in place or rotated and locked out of the padlock 10i, when the tool 40 is removed from engagement with the lock 10i. 
The amount of torque required to rotate the retaining cup 30 may be established by means of a torsion spring or interference friction fit within the body 12 of the lock 10i, to suit the requirements of the application. The torsion spring may be formed integrally with the retaining cup 30, or may be chemically or mechanically attached thereto. Substantial spring forces may be used to keep the blocking element 32 in the closed position. It will be appreciated that these same spring forces may serve to return the retaining cup 30 to its locked position, such that the blocking element 32 blocks the passage 24, when pressure is released.
A special and more robust hand tool 100 adapted to firmly engage the lock 10i and provide the rotational forces necessary to rotate the retaining cup is shown in FIG. 5a adjacent to a lock 10i of the type shown in FIG. 2a. The tool 100 generally comprises two main components, a base 102 and an actuator 104. As will be discussed, the base 102 is adapted to secure a lock 10i while the actuator 104 is adapted to rotate the retaining cup 30 to unlock the lock permitting release of the toe in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 5a, the base 102 comprises a handle 106 extending from a padlock-engaging element 108. The handle 106 is shaped so that it may be comfortably held by a human hand during use of the tool 100. Many shaped handles will suffice, such as that shown in FIG. 5a. The padlock-engaging element rises from the handle 106 with a plurality of walls 110 forming a well 112. The well 112 is preferably sized and shaped to firmly accept a lock, such as lock 10i depicted in FIG. 5a. In that regard, the well 112 may include linear or curved walls 110, as necessary depending on the shape of the lock 10i with which the tool 100 is intended to be used.
The actuator 104 preferably comprises a base 114, such as the tapering base shown in FIG. 5a. The base is preferably adapted to be held and operated by one hand, in a comfortable manner. Extending from the base 114 is preferably a cylindrical-shaped extension member 116. The extension member 116 connects a web 118 to the base 114, while offsetting the web a distance from the base. The web 118 comprises a relatively flat area adapted to fit within the slot 44 of lock 10i. Extending from the web 118, preferably in linear alignment with the base 114 and extension member 116, is a drive member 120. The drive member 120 is preferably cylindrical in shape, and is adapted to fit within the mating hole 42 of lock 10, when the lock is secured within the well 112 of the base 102. In this regard, the combination of the extension member 116, web 118, and drive member 120 act similarly to the tool 40 shown in FIG. 4 and described in relation thereto. In this embodiment, however, the force capable of being exerted upon the retaining cup 30 is much greater due to the securement of the lock 10i within the well 112 of the base 102 and the additional torque available through use of the actuator 104, which is intended to be longer than tool 40.
A lock 10i placed within the well 112 with the actuator 104 engaged with the lock is shown in FIG. 5b for reference. It will be appreciated that with this arrangement, a lock 10i may be opened by a user by grasping the handle 106 of the base 102 with one hand while rotating the base 114 of the actuator 104 with the other. As with the tool shown in FIG. 4, once the actuator 104 is rotated and the lock 10i opened, the actuator may be retained within the body 12, until the drive element 120 is brought back into alignment with the mating hole 42.
A further embodiment of a security lock 10ii of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b. As with the previous embodiment, the security lock 10ii generally comprises a body 12 with a rotatable shackle 16 engaged with the body at the heel 18 of the shackle. In this embodiment, the second unlocking means is provided by way of a vertically adjustable gate 52. The gate 52 comprises cylindrical base 54 connected to an extension arm 56, extending off the cylindrical base like a flag. As is shown in FIG. 6a, the cylindrical base 54 may be partially exposed at the bottom 58 of the body 12. The exposed portion 60 of the cylindrical base 54 may be provided internally with a quarter-turn thread pattern, as is commonly known in the art, to permit the engagement of a tool. Preferably, the tool may be fitted into the quarter turn device to effect translation of the adjustable gate to unlock the lock, as will be discussed.
The body 12 of the lock 10ii may be provided with a spring 64 adjacent to the extension arm 56. The spring may influence the extension arm 56 to place the extension arm 56 in the locked position, such as is shown in FIG. 6b. The spring 64 may be housed in a cavity 66 within the body 12 of the lock 10ii. The cavity 66 may include a floor 68 opposite to the extension arm 56 against which the spring 64 may press.
As stated, when an appropriate tool is inserted into the quarter-turn thread of the adjustable gate 52, the adjustable gate may be pulled downwardly and outwardly from the body 12 of the lock 10ii such that the extension arm 56 clears the passage 24 (FIG. 6b) to provide a path of travel for the toe 20 of the shackle 16. A slot 62 is provided within the body 12 to accept and guide the translated extension arm 56.
Although not shown, in other embodiments the spring 64 may wind around and be concentric with the cylindrical base 54 of the adjustable gate 52. If so arranged, the spring 64 generally operates in a like manner as the previously described spring residing in its own cavity 66.
It will be appreciated that in either arrangement, the spring 64 may be sized to provide the resistive force required to ensure the level of security warranted for a particular application. For example, in high security applications, the spring 64 may be sized such that a special tool will be required to pull the adjustable gate 52 far enough to clear the extension arm 56 from the passage 24 and path of travel of the toe 20 of the shackle 16. In addition, it will be appreciated that the extension arm 56 may, therefore, naturally return to the locked position, where it interferes with the passage and path of travel of the toe 20, when tension is removed from the quarter-turn threads.
Although this embodiment is shown with the adjustable gate 52 in the vertical orientation, it will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the adjustable gate may be oriented in the horizontal position while operating in a like manner. In this regard, the cylindrical base 54 may extend out of a side of the lock 10ii, rather than the body 12. If so arranged, the cylindrical base 54 may serve as the blocking member blocking passage 24 rather than requiring a separate extension arm 56.
Another embodiment of a security lock in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. As with the previous embodiments, the security lock 10iii generally comprises a body 12 with a rotatable shackle 16 engaged with the body at the heel 18 of the shackle. In this embodiment, the second unlocking means, beyond the conventional unlocking means, is provided by way of a vertically adjustable external housing 70.
The housing 70 comprises a shell 72 formed around one end of the body 12 of the lock 10iii, as shown in FIG. 7a. The shell 72 may include a first tab 74 on its front surface 76 and a second tab (not shown) on its back surface (not shown). The first tab 74 and second tab may slide within channels 78 formed in the body 12 of the lock 10iii to ensure that the external housing 70 remains attached to the body 12 throughout its length of travel. In this regard, the channels may not extend to the extreme ends of the body 12 of the lock 10iii, so the tabs 73 will abut a lip 79 to prevent the external housing from becoming detached from the body.
The shell 72 may be provided with apertures 80 serving as attachment points on the front surface 76 and rear surface (not shown) of the body 12. The body 12 may be provided with an internal cavity housing a spring 71 adapted to apply force to a post 73 extending off of the shell 72. The spring 71 may influence the shell 72 to maintain the external housing 70 in the maximum forward position shown in FIG. 7a, such that the blocking tab 82 blocks the passage 24 preventing rotation of the toe 20 of the shackle 16. The lock 10iii may also be provided with a recess 83(FIG. 9b) within its bottom surface 81 for accepting a tool. Thus, when an appropriate tool is inserted into the attachment points 80 and the recess within the bottom surface 81 of the lock 10iii, the outer housing 70 may be pulled downwardly along the body 12 to reveal passage 24 and provide a path of travel for the toe 20 of the shackle 16 such that the toe 20 of the shackle 16 clears the blocking tab 82 and may be positioned in the open position. A tool adapted for such use is more fully disclosed hereinafter.
The lock 10iii may also be provided with an outer housing aperture 75 and a body aperture 77 adapted to align with each other when the lock is in the unlocked position shown in FIG. 7b. Consequently, a cotter pin (not shown) or similar device may be inserted through the apertures 75, 77 and into the lock 10iii when the lock is in the open position to retain the lock in the open position for a period of time, as desired by the lock operator. Because the lock 10iii may be spring loaded by action of the spring 71, the outer housing 70 may automatically return to the locked position upon removal of the cotter pin or similar device from the apertures 75, 77.
A still further embodiment of a lock 10iv in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 7c. This embodiment employs similar features and provides the same functions as the previous embodiment depicted in FIGS. 7a and 7b, with the addition of security pins (not shown) within pinholes 84 extending through the external housing 70. Security pins, pin chambers and sliding elements (all not shown) may collectively function within the body 12 on the principles taught in the landmark U.S. Patent to Linus Yale No. 18,169, issued Sep. 8, 1857 and used extensively throughout the art.
A tool, such as tool 86, may include pins 88 extending off of a backing plate 89. The pins 88 may be placed within the pinholes 84 of the outer housing 70 to align the security pins (not shown) within the body 12 along a shear plane allowing motion between the body and the external housing 70. It will be appreciated that, as known in the art, the security pins (not shown) may be of varying length with the pins 88 being in corresponding varying lengths so the security pins may align along the shear plane. In this regard, the length of a security pin (not shown) will be inversely proportional to the length of the corresponding pin 88, the two lengths combining to reach a predetermined length suitable to place the end of the security pin along a shear plane. With the tool 86 not engaged within the pinholes 84, the security pins (not shown) are preferably spring loaded to extend over the shear plane and prevent motion between the body 12 and the external housing 70 by physical interference.
Once the tool 86 is employed to align the security pins along the shear plane, the outer housing 70 may be moved along the body 12 of the lock 10iv as described with respect to the previous embodiment, utilizing the apertures 80.
Yet another embodiment of a lock 10v in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b. In this embodiment, the outer housing 70 includes extension members 90 extending from the top surface 92 thereof. The extension members 90 serve to protect the shackle 16 from forced attack, such as by bolt cutters. Additionally, the extension members 90 may be utilized to assist with opening of the lock 10v, for instance with a tool that may engage the extension members to push the outer housing 70 down along the body 12 of the lock 10v. In this regard, FIG. 8a depicts a lock 10v in the locked position while FIG. 8b depicts a lock in the unlocked and unlatched position, with the outer housing 70 pushed downward along the body 12.
Outer housings, also referred to as shrouds, of this type may be constructed using the principles taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,771 issued on Sep. 15, 1992 to Robert W. Loughlin, an inventor herein, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
As shown in FIG. 8b, the body 12 of the lock 10v may be provided with a subsequent security mechanism 91 behind the outer housing 70. The subsequent security mechanism 91 may comprise another locking element which requires unlocking before the lock 10v may be unlocked. Such mechanisms may comprise keyed cylinders or other devices, such as shaped fittings requiring a special tool to open. The special tool may be similar to those employed by products sold under the name McGard®. McGard® is a registered trademark of McGard, Inc., 862 Kensington Avenue, Buffalo, N.Y. 14215 (USA).
FIG. 9a depicts a preferred embodiment of a tool 300 which may be utilized to unlock the second locking mechanism of certain locks constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In FIG. 9a, a lock 10iii, of the type shown and described with respect to FIGS. 7a and 7b is shown alongside the tool 300. As previously discussed, the lock 10iii comprises a lock body 12 and an attached shackle 16. The lock body may include an external housing 70 having a shell 72 slideably engaged with the body 12. The shell 72 may include a blocking tab 82, as previously discussed. The shackle 16 includes a toe portion 18 and a heel portion 20, the toe being selectively captured by the blocking tab 82.
The specialized tool 300 may comprise an upper handle 302 and a lower handle 304 hinged together by a hinge assembly 306. The hinge assembly 306 may in turn be connected to an upper jaw 308 and a lower jaw 310 in a scissor-like engagement. The hinge assembly 306 may be designed with an internal ratchet mechanism (not shown) which positions the jaws 308, 310 in proximity to each other upon repeated ratcheting of the handles 302, 304. The ratchet mechanism may then be released to permit the jaws 308, 310 to open, such that they are apart from each other. Such ratchet mechanisms are known in the art, and may be similar to those utilized in ratcheted crimping tools commonly available.
It will be appreciated that the number of ratchet sweeps, or handle pumps, required to completely close the jaws 308, 310 may be engineered in accordance with the compression load required by the lock 10 to shift the external housing 70 relative to the body 12 by compressing the spring 71. For locks 10iii that only require a relatively light load, the lock may be opened in a single pump. For higher security locks 10iii, multiple pumps may be required to provide the excursion distance required to unlock the lock 10iii without the need for an abundant amount of force at the handle 302, 304. In each case, the length of the handles 302, 304 will also be a factor affecting the force available force being applied by an average user.
Preferably, the upper jaw 308 terminates with a relatively flat backing member 312 with a tab 314 extending perpendicularly therefrom. The tab 314 is preferably adapted to fit within one of the apertures 80 of the lock 10iii, as will be discussed. The lower jaw 310 preferably terminates with an L-shaped backing member 316 having a backing portion 318 and a ledge 320 extending perpendicularly therefrom. The ledge 320 may include a post adapted to engage a recess 83 (FIG. 9b) provided in the bottom surface 81 the body 12 of lock 10iii.
To unlock a lock 10iii, the lock may be positioned between the upper jaw 308 and the lower jaw 310, when the jaws are spaced apart, with the tab 314 positioned within aperture 80 and the post 322 positioned within the recess 83 provided in the bottom surface 81 of the body 12. The handles 302, 304 may then be squeezed toward each other to bring the upper jaw 308 toward the lower jaw 310. Depending on the arrangement of the tool 300, the handles 302, 304 may require several ratcheted excursions. As the jaws 308, 310 are brought into proximity, it will be appreciated that the shell 72 will begin to shift with respect to the body 12 of the lock 10iii until the shell and body are in the positions shown in FIG. 9b, such that the shackle 16 may be swung to the open position. If so provided, the lock 10iii may then be left within the tool 300 until such time that the ratchet mechanism is released. Alternatively, a cotter pin (not shown) or similar device may be placed within housing aperture 75 and a body aperture 77, now aligned, to maintain the lock 10iii in the open position even when the tool 300 is disconnected.
As shown in FIG. 9c, the tool 300 may also incorporate a pair of anvils 324 located opposite to each other on the interior portion 326 of the upper jaw 308 and the interior portion 328 of the lower jaw 310. The anvils 324 may be triangular shaped such that the heel 18 of a non-conforming lock 330 may be cut by the two anvils when squeezed together. In this regard, the tool 300 may replace conventional bolt cutters as well as operating to non-destructively open conforming locks.
As discussed, it will be appreciated that the ratcheting tool 300 shown and described herein may exert a large force upon the lock 10iii. As known with such ratcheting devices, one stroke of the handles 302, 304 may impart a certain excursion of the jaws 308, 310. The gear ratio between the two may be engineered such that the handle stroke requires only the amount of force that the designer intends, which is preferably much less than would be otherwise required without the mechanical advantage offered by such a tool. Preferably, the number of strokes required to complete the unlocking of a lock 10iii is not so great as to inhibit the timeliness of an application, or to invoke more strokes than is necessary. In this regard, an appropriate balance between the number of strokes and the force required is preferably made in accordance with design parameters deemed appropriate for the given application. It will be appreciated, however, that other tools, such as non-ratcheting tools, may also be utilized. Non-ratcheting tools are particularly preferred in applications where the mechanical advantage offered by the length of the handles 302, 304 is sufficient to overcome the force required to move the shell 72 relative to the body 12 without the need for ratcheting devices to impart additional mechanical advantage as non-ratcheting tools are often lighter, less complicated, and generally easier to use. It is also anticipated that the tool may be power driven, for example by electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic power.
In general, the invention contemplates the provision of an alternative security mechanism which may involve special tools to unlock the toe portion of the shackle in addition to an opening mechanism of the conventional type to lock the toe. Such locks would provide for a method of security not available from key, keyless or onetime use tamper indicative devices. The associated tools may be designed so as to be difficult to replicate and, of substantial size, such that they are difficult to hide. The tools may also be distributed so as to be available only as determined by the appropriate authority.
It will be appreciated from the disclosure that the tools, in addition to actually opening the locks, preferably assist in securing the lock during the opening process. In addition, the tools may be designed such that the open lock is retained within the tool until such time that the lock is locked. Finally, the tool may incorporate a cutting blade and anvil so nonconforming locks may be cut in a destructive manner to unlock the hasp or other locking mechanism to which they are attached.
The intended applications for these security locks involves the threat of forced attack. These applications require reliable and independent access to the secured space by multiple authorized parties. The objective of this invention is to provide a means to meet this requirement. The result may be seen as a reusable seal (security padlock) offering the degree of security required by the application, ease of use, functional reliability, cost effectiveness, and providing the lock with a novel multi-function operation.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A lock, comprising:
a body;
a shackle having a toe and a heel, the heel being retained by the body and able to rotate within the body;
a first and a second locking mechanism to lock the shackle, each of the locking mechanisms being enabled to independently unlock the shackle, wherein the toe, in an unlocked position of the second locking mechanism, is positioned outside of the body and the toe, in a locked position of the second locking mechanism, is positioned inside the body wherein the toe is surrounded by two opposing walls of the body;
a retaining structure comprising a blocking element and a passage, the retaining structure being movable between a first position and a second position by the first locking mechanism; and
wherein when the second locking mechanism is in the locked position, when the shackle is aligned with the body and when the retaining structure is in the first position, rotational movement of the toe is restricted; and
wherein when the second locking mechanism is in the locked position, when the shackle is aligned with the body, and when the retaining structure is in the second position, the toe is free to move through the passage and the shackle is free to rotate about the heel.

2. The lock of claim 1, wherein when the second locking mechanism is in the locked position, when the shackle is aligned with the body and when the retaining structure is in the first position, a first part of a perimeter of the toe is surrounded by the blocking element of the retaining structure and a second part of the perimeter of the toe is surrounded by the body; and
wherein when the second locking mechanism is in the locked position, when the shackle is aligned with the body, and when the retaining structure is in the second position, the first part of the perimeter of the toe is not surrounded by the blocking element and the shackle is free to rotate about the heel.

3. The lock of claim 1, wherein the shackle is rigid and u-shaped.

4. The lock of claim 1, wherein the movement of the retaining structure including a walled section, a non-walled section and the first locking mechanism is a rotation between the first position and the second position.

5. The lock of claim 1, wherein the first locking mechanism can be opened with an authorized tool.

6. The lock of claim 5, wherein the authorized tool is a key.

7. The lock of claim 5, wherein the authorized tool has a size that is larger than a length of the body of the lock.

8. The lock of claim 1, wherein the lock is locked in the first position and unlocked in the second position.

9. The lock of claim 1, wherein the retaining structure is a retaining cup.

10. The lock of claim 1, wherein when the first locking mechanism is in the first position and the second locking mechanism is in the locked position the toe is blocked from rotating out of the body by a walled section and the body.

11. A multiple function lock, comprising:
a body having a passage;
a rigid shackle having a toe and a heel,
a first locking mechanism including a retaining structure with a wall; and
a second locking mechanism, wherein:
when the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism are both locked, the toe is inside the body wherein the toe is surrounded by two opposing walls of the body and the toe is blocked from being rotated out of the body by the wall and the body; and
when the first locking mechanism is unlocked and the second mechanism is locked, and the shackle is free to rotate about the heel so that the toe passes through the passage of the body.

12. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein
the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism are both locked, and the toe is only partially surrounded by the wall of the retaining structure and only partially surrounded by the body to restrict motion of the shackle.

13. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein
the wall of the retaining structure blocks the passage of the body when the first locking mechanism is in a locked position; and
the wall of the retaining structure does not block the passage of the body when the first locking mechanism is in an unlocked position.

14. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein the second locking mechanism retains the heel in the body.

15. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein the second mechanism is unlocked and the shackle can be lifted away from the body.

16. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein the first locking mechanism can be unlocked with an authorized tool.

17. The multiple function lock of claim 16, wherein the authorized tool is a key.

18. The multiple function lock of claim 16, wherein a size of the authorized tool is larger than a length of the body.

19. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein the retaining structure is a retaining cup.

20. The multiple function lock of claim 11, wherein the second locking mechanism is a combination lock.