Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 2012
      Title: Land Area Change Analysis Following Hurricane Impacts in Delacroix Louisiana, 2004 - 2009
      Edition: first
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map
        Issue_Identification: 3207
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Other_Citation_Details: Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M.E., Kranenburg, C.J., and Brock, J.C., 2012, Land area change analysis following hurricane impacts in Delacroix, Louisiana, 2004 - 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3207, 1 sheet, 9 p. pamphlet.
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3207/
  Description:
    Abstract: This geographically referenced raster dataset consists of four fractional water maps and a change analysis map. The attribute values of each 30 meter pixel in the fractional water maps range from 0-100 percent and represent an estimate of the percentage of underlying area covered by water, where 0 represents solid land and 100 represents open water (including ponds, lakes, canals and the Gulf of Mexico). Land/water maps are derived by thresholding the fractional water maps at such a value as to optimize the Kappa coefficient calculated from over 4000 photo-interpreted ground truth points. Alternately, the input fractional water maps can be used with different thresholds to produce a customized change map that is either more aggressive or conservative than the one presented here. The change detection map is an integer encoding of the value (land versus water) at each pixel at each time instance recorded. This second Scientific Investigations Map focuses on Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall in Breton Sound, Louisiana, on August 29, 2005, as a Category 3 storm and Hurricane Gustav, which made landfall near Cocodrie, La., on September 1, 2008, as a Category 2 storm. The study area is an approximately 1208 square kilometer area in Breton Sound, just southeast of New Orleans. Comparison of the classified imagery indicate that permanent land loss due to Hurricane Katrina measures approximately 8.17 percent of the study area, while Hurricane Gustav had minimal impact (1.39 percent land loss by November 2009). 
    Purpose: The purpose of this project is to provide improved estimates of Louisiana wetland land loss due to hurricane impacts since 2004 based upon a change detection mapping analysis that incorporates pre and post landfall (Katrina, Rita, Gustav, Ike) fractional water classification of a combination of QuickBird, IKONOS, Geoeye-1 and Landsat imagery.
    Supplemental_Information: The change map is derived from the four fractional water maps which accompany it: Pre-Katrina_fractional_water, Post-Katrina_fractional_water, Pre-Gustav_fractional_water and Post-Gustav_fractional_water. The fractional water maps are themselves classifications based on Landsat TM scenes p022r039 (03/12/2004, 09/26/2006, 03/23/2008 and 11/05/2009) and four quasi-concurrent Quickbird / Geoeye-1 scenes.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20040312
        Ending_Date: 20091105
    Currentness_Reference: Landsat acquisition dates
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.033370
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.637036
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.889086
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.589481
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
      Theme_Keyword: environment
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Theme_Keyword: Land Use/Land Cover
      Theme_Keyword: Fractional Water
      Theme_Keyword: Percent Water
      Theme_Keyword: Land Management
      Theme_Keyword: Wetlands
      Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing
      Theme_Keyword: Change analysis
      Theme_Keyword: Hurricane Katrina
      Theme_Keyword: Hurricane Gustav
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
      Place_Keyword: Louisiana
      Place_Keyword: LA
      Place_Keyword: Delacroix
      Place_Keyword: Breton Sound
      Place_Keyword: Plaquemines Parish
      Place_Keyword: St. Bernard
      Place_Keyword: Northern Gulf of Mexico
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey request to be acknowledged as originators of these data in future products or derivative research.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Monica Palaseanu-Lovejoy
        Contact_Organization: Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA
      Contact_Position: Research Scientist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS-521
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-5131
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648-5464
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mpal@usgs.gov
      Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:30-5:00 EST
  Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photo interpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.     The U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg acknowledges the support and assistance of the U.S. Geological Survey Land Characterization team at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center and the U.S. Geological Survey National Wetlands Research Center, Baton Rouge in the development of this dataset.
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification_System: Unclassified
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: None
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Pro x64 Edition, Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.0.1770
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Title: Recent Wetland Land Loss Due to Hurricanes: Improved Estimates Based Upon Multiple Source Images
      Originator: Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M.E., Kranenburg, C.J., Brock, J.C., Barras, J.A.
      Publication_Date: 2011
	  Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
      Series_Information:
		Series_Name: Proceedings of Coastal Sediments
		Issue_Identification: 2011
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Title: Land Area Change and Fractional Water Maps in the Chenier Plain, Louisiana, following Hurricane Rita (2005)
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 2010
      Edition: first
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3141
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map
        Issue_Identification: 3141
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Other_Citation_Details: Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M.E., Kranenburg, C.J., Brock, J.C., 2010, Land area change and fractional water maps in the Chenier Plain, Louisiana, following Hurricane Rita, (2005): U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Map 3141, 6p. pamphlet.
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy assessments done on the fractional land/water maps indicate an overall accuracy ranging from 88.5 percent with a Kappa of 77.8 percent for the 2004 land/water dataset to an overall accuracy of 91.8 percent with a Kappa of 83.6 percent for the 2009 land/water dataset. Ground truth was determined by image interpretation of 1-meter aerial photographs.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: The attribute values of each fractional water map were checked to ensure that they do not fall outside the logical range of 0 to 100 percent and the attribute values of the change analysis map were checked to ensure that they are encoded with only one of sixteen permissible values. Each of the files in this dataset was checked to ensure that they are co-incident, containing data located in the same 1250 by 1074 pixel (side 30 meter) region defined by an upper left pixel of 787335.0/3310215.0 meters, in the UTM zone 15 (North), WGS-84 projection.
  Completeness_Report: All pixels have been classified, but there is a small linear artifact in band 6 of the 2004 Landsat scene centered at approximately easting 794268, northing 3287114. It is 1 pixel wide and 2-km in length. This line of pixels should be disregarded in the classification maps.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Landsat scenes were georeferenced by the U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center, IKONOS and Geoeye-1 scenes were georeferenced by Geoeye, Inc and QuickBird scenes were georeferenced by Digital Globe, Inc. Minor adjustments were made in the horizontal plane to more closely align them to each other. The horizontal accuracy of the final product was determined to be within 15 m.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No vertical adjustments were made to the original images.
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The general procedure is:
        (1) produce a series of vegetation/water indices and transforms of the training image at 4 meter resolution,
        (2) plot histograms of the images from (1) and select appropriate minima in an repeatable fashion, 
        (3) threshold the indices at the selected minima to determine a land/water binary map at high resolution,
        (4) count the number of hi-resolution water pixels in each corresponding 30 meter Landsat pixel to obtain the water fraction,
        (5) produce a series of potential input layers based on the Landsat image, that will be used to predict the fractional water value at moderate resolution. These layers typically included, textures, transforms (Principal Components, Independent Components and Tasseled Cap) and vegetation/water indices.
        (6) identify a series of inputs to be used for prediction by calculating and comparing input layer correlations,
        (7) build a prediction model using Cubist data-mining software for each set of inputs identified in (6),
        (8) apply the models to generate one fractional water map for each set of inputs identified,
        (9) generate a large population of unambiguous random points (more than 4000 were used for each input map), and classify each as land or water via photo interpretation of aerial corresponding photographs,
        (10) sample all output maps at these points and calculate for each map the confusion matrix, percentage correctly classified, Kappa coefficient of agreement, receiver operating curve (ROC), area under the curve and p-values of differences in area under the curve. Optimize the process to indicate the threshold that maximizes the Kappa coefficient,
        (11) threshold each fractional water map at its max-Kappa threshold to produce a land/water map,
        (12) create the change analysis map.
      Process_Date: 20100415-20100731
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Christine Kranenburg
            Contact_Organization: Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL
          Contact_Position: Computer Scientist
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 600 4th Street South
            City: St. Petersburg
            State_or_Province: FL
            Postal_Code: 33701
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3129)
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckranenburg@usgs.gov
          Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:30-5:00 EST
  Cloud_Cover: 0.5%
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
    Row_Count: 1074
    Column_Count: 1250
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000
          Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 15
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -93.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.000000
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This dataset is comprised of two types of maps - fractional water and change analysis maps. Each pixel of the fractional water maps is an estimate of the percentage of the area on the ground represented by that pixel that is submerged and which did not have substantial floating vegetative cover on the date of image acquisition. Each pixel of the integer-encoded change analysis map is assigned one of sixteen permissible values covering the 16 permutations of land/water that each pixel of each input map can assume at each point in the time series.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Pixels of the fractional water maps are encoded as continuous integer values ranging between 0-100, where 0 represents solid land and 100 represents open water (including ponds, lakes, canals and the Gulf of Mexico). Values between 0 and 100 proportionately represent fractional water coverage. Pixels of the change analysis map are encoded according to the following look-up table:
                0 - Unchanged land
                1 - Permanent land Katrina
                2 - Temporary water Katrina
                3 - Drained fields after 2006
                4 - Water-level fluctuation 2008
                5 - Vegetation seasonality
                6 - Drainage after 2008
                7 - New land Gustav
                8 - New water Gustav
                9 - Erosion Gustav
                10 - Post-storms flooding / seasonality
                11 - Drainage in 2008
                12 - Dead vegetation, after 2006
                13 - Temporary new land Katrina
                14 - Permanent new water Katrina
                15 - Unchanged water
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 600 4th Street South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3129)
      Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:30-5:00 EST
  Resource_Description: SIM 3207
  Distribution_Liability: This DVD publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: GeoTIFF
        Format_Version_Number: 2
        Format_Specification: GeoTIFF
        File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied
        Transfer_Size: 6.41 MB
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3207
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: DVD
          Recording_Format: ISO 9660
          Compatibility_Information: ISO 9660 is the most widely compatible optical disc file system.
    Fees: Vary
    Ordering_Instructions: Contact U.S. Geological Survey.
    Turnaround: Vary
  Custom_Order_Process: Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details.
  Available_Time_Period:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20040312
        Ending_Date: 20091105
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20111005
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Jacobs Technology, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL
        Contact_Person: Christine Kranenburg
      Contact_Position: Computer Scientist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 600 4th Street South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 (x3129)
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile