DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

TIN IT El) STATES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

No. ISO

THK DEVONIAN SYSTEM OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA 

AND NEW YORK PROSSER.

WASHINGTON

GOVKRNMKNT PRINTING OFKIflE 

18JU
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

7b*

BULLETIN NO. 120 PL. I

7530' 75'

74"30

L U 2 E R N £

GEOLOGICAL STATIONS

IN 

EASTERN

PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK

by C.S.Prosser.

75 3p 74-°30'
LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

United States. Department of the interior. ( U. S. geological survey). 

Dop:.irtiuent of the interior \ \ Bulletin | of the | United 

States ! geological survey no. 120 | [Seai of the department] | 

Washington | government printing office | 1894

Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, 

director | | The devonian system ! of | eastern Pennsylvania 

and Now York | by | Charles S. Prosser | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1894

8°. 8lpp.

Prosser (Charles S.)-

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | 

The devonian system | of | eastern Pennsylvania and New York | 

by | Charles S. Prosser | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1894

8°. 8lpp.

[UNITED STATES. Department of tlie interior. (U. ti. geological survey). 

Bulletin 120.] . .

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | 

The devoniau^systein | of | eastern Pennsylvania and New York | 

by | Charles S. Prosser | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1894

8°. 8lpp.

[UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey). 

Bulletin 120.]
A. D -V E3 R T I S E Ml JS N T.

[Bulletin No. 120.]

The publications of tho United States Geological Survey :iro issued in accordance with tho statute 

approved March 3, 1879, which declares that 

"The publications of tho Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geological 

and economic maps illustrating tho resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general 

and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geological Survey 

shall accompany tho annual report of the Secretary of tho Interior. All (special memoirs and reports 

ot'said Survey shall bo issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director, but otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall lie published for scientific exchanges 

and for sale at tho price of publication; and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchange 

shall bo the property of 1|ho United States a.nd form a part of the library of tho organization; and the 

money resulting from tho sale of such publications shall be covered into tho Treasury of the United 

States."

On July 7, 1882, tho following.joint resolution, referring to all Government publications, was passed 

by Congress:

"That/whenever any docuiueut or report shall bo ordered printed by Congress, there shall be printed, 

in addition to tho number in each case stated, tho 'usual number' (1,734) of copies for binding and 

distribution among those entitled to receive them."

Except in those cases in which an extra number of any publication has been supplied.to tho Survey 

by special resolution of Congress or has been ordered by the Secretary of the Interior, this oftico has 

110 copies for gratuitous distribution.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

I. First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Clarence King. 1880. 8°. 79 pp 

1 map. A preliminary report describing plan of organization and publications.

II. Second Annual -Report of the-United States Geological Survey, 18SO-'81, by J. AV. IWoll. 1882. 

8°. Iv, 588 pp. 62 pi. 1 map.

in. Third Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1881-'82, by 3. AV. Powell. 1883. 

8°. xviii, 564 pp. 07 pi. and maps.

IV. Fourth Annual Report of tbo United States Geological Survey, 1882-'83, by J. AV. Powell. 1884. 

8°. xxxii, 473pp. 85 pi. and maps.

V. Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-'84, by J. AV. Powell. 1885. 

8°. xxxvi, 4(59 pp. 08 pi. and maps.

ATI. Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-'85, by J. AV. Powcil. 1885. 

8°. xxix, 570 pp. 05 ]d. and maps.

VII. Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1885-'80, by J.AV. Powell. 1888. 

8°. xx, 656 pp. 71 pi. and maps.

VIII. Eighth Aunual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188C-'87, by J. W. Powell. 1889. 

8°. 2pt. xix, 474, xii pp. 53 pi. and maps; 1 pi., 475-1003 pp. 54-76 pi. and maps.

IX. Ninth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1887-'88, by J. AV". Powell. 188!). 

8°. xiii, 717 pp. 88 pi. and maps.

X. Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-'89, by J. AV. Powoll. 1890. 

8°. 2pt. xv, 774 pp. 98 pi. and maps; viii, 123 pp.

XI. Eleventh Annual Roportof the United States Geological Survey. 1889-'90, by J. AV. Powell. 1891. 

8°. 2pt. xv, 757pp. CO pi. and maps; ix, 351 pp. 30 pi.

XII. Twelfth Annual Report of tho United States Geological Survey, 1890-'91, by J. AV. Powell. 1891. 

8°. 2pt. xiii, 675 pp. 53 pi. and maps; xviii, 570 pp. 140 pi. and maps.

XIII. Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-'92, by'J. AV. Powell. 

1893. 8°. ii pt. vii, 2iO pp. 2 pi. ; x, 372 pp. 105 pi. and maps; xii, 486 pp. 79 pi. and maps.

X1A7". Fourteenth Annual Roportof the United States Geological Survey, 1892-'93, by J.AV. Powell. 

1893. 8°. 2 pt. vi, 321 pp. 1 pi.

I
II ADVERTISEMENT.

MONOGRAPHS.

I. Lake Bonueville, by Grove Karl Gilbert. 1890. 4°. xx, 438 pp. 51 pi. 1 map. Price $1.50.,

II. Tertiary History of the Graiid Canon District, with atlas, by Clarence E. Button, Capt. IT. S. A. 

1882. 4°. xiv, 264 pp. 42 pi. and atlas q£ 24 sheets folio. Price $10.00.

III. Geology of the Uomstock Lode and the "Washoe District, with atlas, by George P. Beckor. 1882. 

4°. xv, 422pp. 7 pi. and atlas of 21 sheets folio. Price $11.00.

IV. Comstock Mining and Miners, by Eliot Lord. 1883. 4°. xiv, 451 pp. 3 pi. Price $1.50.

V. Tlio Copper-Bearing Hocks of Lake Superior, by Eoland Duer Irving. 1883. 4°. xvi, 464 pp. 

151. 29 pi. and maps. Price $1.85.

, VI. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia, by William Morris 

Fontaine. 1883. 4°. xi, 144pp. 54.1. 54 pi. Price $1.05.

VII. Silver-Lead Deposits of Eureka, Nevada, by Joseph Story Curtis. 1884. 4°. , xiii, 200 pp. 16 

pi. Price $1.20.

VIH. Paleontology of the Eureka District, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1884. 4°. xiii, 298pp. 

241. 24 pi. Price $1.10.

IX. Bracliiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, 

by Robert P. Whitfield. 1885. 4°. xx,338pp. 35 pi. 1 map. Price $1.15.

X. Diuocerata. A Monograph of an Extinct Order of Gigantic Mammals, by Othuiel Charles Marsh. 

1886. 4°. xviii,243pp. 561. 50 pi. Price $2.70.

XI. Geological History of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary Lake of Northwestern Nevada, by Israel 

Cook Russell. 1885. 4°. xiv, 288pp. 46 pi. and maps. Price $1.75.

XII. Geology and Mining Industry of Leadville, Colorado, with atlas, by Samuel Franklin Enunons. 

1886. 4°. xxix, 770 pp. 45 pi. and atlas of 35 sheets folio. Price $8.40.

XIII. Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope, with atlas, by George F. Becker. 

1888. 4°. xix,486pp. 7 pi. and atlas of 14 sheets folio. Price $2.00.

XIV. Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley, by John'8. Newberry. 1888. 4°. xiv, 152 pp. 26 pi. Price $1.00.

XV. The Potomac or Younger Mesozoic Flora, by William Morris Fontaine. 1889. 4°. xiv, 377 

pp. 180 pi. Text and plates bound separately. Price. $2.50.

XVI. The Paleozoic Fishes of North America, by John Strong Newberry. 1889. 4°. 340 pp. 53 pi. 

Price $1.00.

XVII. The Flora of the Dakota Group, a posthumous work, by Leo Lesquereux. Edited by F. H. 

Knowlton. 1891. 4°. 400pp. 66 pi. Price $1.10.

XVIII. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensaud Marls of New Jersey, 

by Robert P. Whitfield. 1891. 4°. 402 pp. 50 pi. Price $1.00.

XIX. The Peuokee Iron-Bearing Series of Northern Wisconsin and Michigan, by Roland D. Irving 

and C. R. Van Hise. 1892. 4°. xix, 534 pp. 37 pi. Price $1.70.

XX. Geology of the Eureka District, Nevada, with atlas, by Arnold Hague. 1892. 4°. 419pp. 8 pi. 

Price $5.25.

XXI. The Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleoptora of North America, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 

Price 90 cents.

XXII. A Manual of Topographic Methods, by Henry Gannett, chief topographer. Price $1.00.

XXIII. Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts, by Raphael Pumpelly, J. E. Wolff, 

and T. Nelson Dale. Price $1.30.

In press:

XXIV. Mollusca and Crustacea of the Miocene Formations of New Jersey, by R. P. Whitfleld.

In preparation:

 Sauropoda, by 0. C. Marsh. 

. Stegosauria, by 0. C. Marsh.

 Brontotheridie, by 0. C. Marsh.

 Report on the Denver Coal Basin, by S. F. Enimons.

 Report on Silver Cliff and Ten-Mile Mining Districts, Colorado, by S. F. Enimons.

 The Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham.

BULLETINS.

1. On Hypersthene-Andesite and on Triclinic Pyroxene in Augitic Rocks, by Whitman Cross, with a 

Geological Sketch of Buffalo Peaks, Colorado, by S. F.Einmons. 1883. 8°. 42pp. 2 pi. Price 10 cents.

2. Gold and Silver Conversion Tables, giving the coining value of troy ounces of fine metal, etc., computed by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. 8pp. Price 5 cents.

3. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian, along the meridian of 76° 30', from Tompkins County, 

New York, to Bradford County, Pennsylvania, by Henry S. Williams. 1884. 8°. 36'pp. Price 5 cents.

4. On Mesozoic Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1884. 8°. 36 pp. -9 pi. Price 5 cents.

5. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States, compiled by Henry Gannett. 1884. 8°. 325 pp. 

JPrico 20 cents.

6. Elevations in the Dominion of Canada, by J. W. Spencer. 1884. 8°. 43 pp. Price 5 cents.
ADVERTISEMENT. Ill

7. Mapoteca Geologica Americana. A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America (North anil South), 

1752-1881, in geographic: and chronologic order, by Jules Marcou and John Belknap Marcou. 1884. 

8°. 184 pp. Price 10 cents.

8. On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in^Cortain Rocks, by R. D. Irving and C. It. 

VanHise. i884. 8°. 50pp. 0 pi. Price 10 cents.

9. A report of work done in the Washington Laboratory during the fiscal year 1883-'84.-F. W. darko, 

chief chemist. T. M. Chatard, assistant chemist. 1884. 8°. 40pp. Price 5 cents.

10. On the Cambrian Faunas of North America. Preliminary studies, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 

1884. 8°. 74pp. 10 pi. Price 5 cents.

11. On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin; with Descriptions of'Now Forms, 

by 11. Ellsworth Call. Introduced by a sketch of the Quaternary Lakes of the Great Basin, by G. K. 

Gilbert. 1884. 8°. 66 pp. 6 pi. Price 5 cunts.

12. A Crystallograpliic Study of the Thinolite of Lake Lahontau, by Edward S. Dana. 1884. £°. 

34 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

13. Boundaries of the United States and of the several States and Territories, with a Historical 

Sketch of the Territorial Changes, by Henry Gannett. 1885. 8°. 135 pp. Price 10 cents.

14. The Electrical and Magnetic Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barns and Vincent 

Strouhal. 1885. 8°. 238 pp. Price 15 cents.

15. On the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology of California, by Charles A. White. .1885. 8°. 33pp. 

Price 5 cents. '""

16. On the Higher Devonian Faunas of Ontario County, New York, by John M. Clarke. 1885. 8°. 

80 pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

17. On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Eocks of Washoe, Nevada, with notes on 

the Geology of the District, by Arnold Hague and Joseph P. Iddings. 1885. 8°. 44 pp. Price 5 

cents.

18. On Marine Eocene, Fresh-water Miocene, and other Fossil Mollusca of Western North America, 

by Charles A. White. 1885. 8°. 26pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

19. Notes on the Stratigraphy of California, by George F. Becker. 1885. 8°. 28 pp. Pi-ice 5 cents.

20. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Kocky Mountains, by Whitman Cross and W. F. Hillcbrand. 1885. 8n. 114 pp. 1 pi. Price 10 cents.

21. The Lignites of the Great Sioux Reservation. A Report on the Region between the Grand and 

Morean Rivers, Dakota, by Bailey Willis. 1885. 8°. 16pp. 5 pi. Price 5 cents.

22. On New Cretaceous Fossils from California, by Charles A. White. 1885. 8°. 25 pp. 5 pi. 

Price Scents.

23. Observations on the Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Kewecnaw Series on 

Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior, by R. D. Irving and T. C. Chamberlin. 1885. 8°. 124pp. 17 pi. 

Price 15 cents.

24. List of Marine Mollusca, comprising the Quaternary Fossils and recent forms from American 

Localities between Cape Hattoras and Cape Roque. including the Bermudas, by William Healy Dall. 

1885. 8°. 336pp. Price 25 cents.

25. The Present Technical Condition of the Steel Industry of the United States, by Phineas Barncs. 

1885. 8°. 85pp. Price 10 cents. 

20. Copper Smelting, by Henry M. Howe. 1885. 8°. 107 pp. Price 10 cents.

27. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1884-'85. 1886. 8°. 80 pp. Price 10 cents.

28. The Gabbros and Associated Hornblende Rocks occurring in the neighborhood of Baltimore, 

Md.,. \),y George Hiintington Williams. 1886. 8°. 78pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

29. On the Fresh-water Invertebrates of the North American Jurassic, by Charles A. 'White. 1886. 

8°. 41 pp. 4 pi. Price 5 cents.

30. Second Contribution to the Studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1886. 8°. 369 pp. 33 pi. Price^S cents.

31. Systematic Review of our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1886. 8°. 128 pp. Price 15 cents.

32. Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States; a Preliminary Study, by Albert 

C.Peale! 1886. 8°. 235pp. Price 20 cents.'

33. Notes on the Geology of Northern California, by J. S. Diller. 1886. 8°. 23 pp. Price 5 cents.

34. On the relation of the Larainie Molluscan Fauna to that of the succeeding Fresh-water Eocene 

and other groups, by Charles A. White. 1886. 8°. 54 pp. 5 pi. Price 10 cents.

35. Physical Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barns and Vincent Stronhal. 1886. 8°. 02 

pp. Price 10 cents.

36. Subsidence of Fine Solid Particles in Liquids, by Carl Barns. 1886. 8°. 58pp. Price 10 cents.

37. Types of the Laramie Flora, by Lester F. Ward. 1887. 8°. 354 pp. 57 pi. Price 25 cents.

38. Peridotite o'f Elliott County, Kentucky, by J. S. Diller. 1887. 8°. 31pp. 1 pi. Price 5 cents.

39. The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1887. 8°. 84 

pp. 1 pi. Price 10 cents.

40. Changes in River Courses in Washington Territory "due to Glaciatiou,.by Bailey Willis. 1887. 

8°. 10 pp. 4 pi. Price 5 cents. ,
IV ^ ADVERTISEMENT.

41. On tlio Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian the Geneseo Section, New York, by Honry S. 

Williams. 1887. 8°. 121pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

42. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry anil Physics, mainly during the lisoal year 

1885-'86. F. W. Clarice, chief chemist. 1887. 8°. 152pp. 1 pi. Price 15 cents.

43. Tertiary and Cretaceous Strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tomhigbee, and Alabama Rivers, by Eugene 

A. Smith and JLawrenco C. Johnson. 1887. 8°. 189pp. 21 pi. Price 15 cents.

44. Bibliography of North American Geology for 1886, by-Nelson H. Dartou. 1887. 8°. 35 pp. 

Price 5 cents.

45. The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas, by Robert T. Hill. 1887. 8°. 94 

pp. Price 10 cents.

46. Nature and Origin of Deposits of Phosphate of Liine, by E. A. F. Penrose, .jr., with an IntrO' 

dilution by N. S. Slialer. 1888. 8°. 14D pp. Price 15 cents.

47. Analyses of Waters of the Tellowstone National Park, with an Account of the Methods of 

Analysis employed, by Frank Austin Goocu and James Edward Whith'eld. 1888. 8°. 8-i pp. Price 

10 cents.

. 48. On the Fom and Position of the Sea Lavel, by Robert Simpsoii Woodward. 1888. 8°. 88pp. 

Price 10 cents. /

49. Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri, Kansas, and Now Mexico, by Robert 

Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 133pp. Price 15 cents.

50. Formulas and Tables to facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 124pp. Price 15 cents.

51. On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacilic Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. 1889. 8°. 102pp. 

14 pi. Price 15 cents.

52. Subaerial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israel Cook 

Russell. 1889. 8°. G5 pp. 5 pi. Price 10 cents.

53. The Geology of Nan tucket, by Nathaniel South gate Shaler. 1889. 8°. 55 pp. 10 pi. Price 10 

cents.

54. On the Thormo-Electric Measurement of High Temperatures, by Carl Barus. 1889. 8°. 313pp., 

incl. 1 pi. 11 pi. Price 25 cents.

55. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1886-'87. Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, chief chemist. 1889. 8°. 90 pp. Price 10 cents.

50. Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potoiniio Formation, by Frank Hall Kuowlton. 1389. 8°. 72pp. 

7 pi. Price 10 cents. 

57. A Geological Kceoimaissance in Southwestern Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1890. 8°. 49 pp. 2 pi. 

Price 5 cents.

58. The Glacial Boundary in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, by George 

Frederick Wright, with an introduction by Thomas Chrowder Chaniberlin. 1890. 8°. 112pp., incl. 

1 pi. 8pi. Price 15 cents.

59. The Gabbros and Associated Rocks in Delaware, by Frederick D. Chester. 1890. 8°. 45 pp. 

1 pi. Price 10 cents.-

CO. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1887-'88. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 174 pp. Price 15 cents.

61. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Pacific Coast, by William Harlow Melville and Waldemar 

Liudgren. 1890. 8°. 40pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

62. The Greenstone Schist Areas of the Monomiueo and Marqnette Regions of Michigan; a contribution to the subject of dynamic inetamorphism in eruptive rocks, by George Huntington Williams; 

with an introduction by Roland Duer Irving. 1890. 8°. 241 pp. 1C pi. Price 30 cents.

63. A Bibliography of Paleozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889, including a list of North American 

species and a systematic arrangement of genera, by Anthony W. Vogdes. 1890. 8°. 177pp. Price 

15 cents.

64. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1888-'89. F. W. Clarko, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 60 pp. Price 10 cents.

65. Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Field of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, by Israel 

C. White. 1891. 8°. 212pp. 11 pi. Price 20 cents.

66. On a Group of Volcanic Rocks from the Tewau Mountains, New Mexico, and on the ocdurrence 

of Primary Quartz in certain Basalts, by Joseph Paxson Iddiugs. 1890. 8°. 34 pp. Price 5 cents.

67. The Relations of the Traps of the Newark System in the Now Jersey Region, by Nelson Horatio 

Darton. 1890. 8°. 82 pp. Price 10 cents. 

68 Earthquakes in California in 1889, by James Edward Keeler. 1890. 8°. 25 pp. Price 5 cents.

69. A Classed and Annotated Bibliography of Fossil Insects, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1890. 

8°. 101 pp. Price 15 cents.

70. Report on Astronomical Work of 1889 and 1890, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1890. 8°. 79 pp. 

Price 10 cents.

71. Index to the Known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Sarauol 

Hubbard Scndder. 1891. 8°. 744 pp. Price 50 cents.

72. Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Uphani. 1891. 8°. 

229 pp. Price 20 cents.
ADVERTISEMENT. V

. 73. Tho Viscosity o" Solids, by Carl Burns. 1891. 8°. xii, 139 pp. 0 pi. Price 15 cents.

74. The Minerals of North Carolina, by Frederick Augustus Couth. 3891. 8°. 110pp. Price 15 

cents.

75. Record of North American Geology for 1887 to 1889, inclusive, by Nelson Horatio Barton. 1891. 

8°. 173 pp. Price 15 cents.

76. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (second edition), compiled by Henry Gannett, 

chief topographer. 1891. 8°. 393pp. Price 25 couts.

, 77. The Texaii Permian and its Mesozoic Types of Fossils, by Charles A. 'White. 1891. 8°. 51 pp. 

4 pi. Price 10 cents.

78. A report of work done in tho Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

18S9-'90. F. "W. Chirko, chief chemist. 1891. 8°. 131pp. Price 15 cents.

79. A Late Volcanic Eruption in Northern California and its Peculiar Lava, by J. S. Killer. 1891. 8°. 

33 pp. 17 pi. Price 10 cents.

80. Correlation papers Devonian and Carboniferous, by Henry Shaler Williams. 1891. 8°. 279pp. 

Price 20 cents.

81. Correlation papers Cambrian, by Charles Doolittlo Walcott. 1891. 8°. 447 pp. 3 pi. Price 

25 cents.

82. Correlation pYipers Cretaceous, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 273pp. 3 pi. Price 20 cents.

83. Correlation papers Eocene, by William Bullock Clark. 1891. 8°. 173 pp. 2 pi. Price 15 cents.

84. Correlation papers Neocene, by W. H. Ball and G. D. Harris. 1892. 8°. 349pp. 3 pi. Price 

25 cents.

85. Correlation papers The Newark System, by Israel Cook Jlnssoll. 3892. 8°. 344 pp. 13 pi. 

Price 25 cents. . ,

80. Correlation papers Archean and Algonkian, by C. 11. Van Hise. 1892. 8°. 549 pp. 12 pi. 

Price 25 cents.

90. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

1890-'91. P. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1892, 8°. 77 pp. Price 10 cents.

91. Record of North American Geology for 1890, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8°. 88pp. Price 

10 cents.

92. The Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 90pp. 29 pi. Price 10 cents.

93. Some insects of special interest from Florlssant, Colorado, and other points in the Tortiaries of 

Colorado and Utah, by Samuel Hnbbard Scudder. 1892. 8°. 35pp. 3 pi. Price 5 cents.

94. Tho Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 138pp. Price 15 cents.

95. Earthquakes in California in 1890 and 1891, by Edward Singleton Holden. 1892. 8°. 31 pp. 

Price 5 cents. 

90. The Volume Thermodynamics of Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 100pp. Price ]0 cents.

97. The Mesozoio Echinodermata of the United States, by William Bullock Clark. 1893. 8°. 207 

pp. 50 pi. Price 20 cents.

98. Flora of tho Outlying Carboniferous Basins of Southwestern Missouri, by David White. 1893. 

8°. 139 pp. 5 pi. Price 15 cents.

99.'Record of North American Geology for 1891, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1892. 8°. 73pp. Price 

15 cents.

100. Bibliography and Index of the Publications of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1879-1892, by Philip 

Groveling Warman. 1893. 8°. 495pp. Price 25 cents.

101. Insect Fauna of the Rhode Island Coal Field, by Samnel Hnbbard Scudder. 1893. 8°. 27 pp. 

2pi. Price 5 cents.

. 102. A Catalogue and Bibliography of North American Mesozoic Invertobrata, by Cornelius Brockinridge Boyle. 1303. 8°. 315pp. Price 25 cents.

103. High Temperature Work in Igneous Fusion and Ebullition, chiefly in relation to pressure, by 

Carl Barns. 1891!. 8'. 57 pp. 9 pi. Price 10 cents.

104. Glaciation of the Yellowstone Valley north of the Park, by WfilterHarvey AVeed. 1893. 8°. 

41 pp. 4 pi. Price 5 cents.

105. The Laramieand the overlying Livingston Formation in Montana, by Walter Harvey Weed, 

with Report oil Flora, by Frank Hall Knowltou. 1893. 8°. 08pp. 6. pi. Price 10 cents.

100. The Colorado Formation and its Invertebrate Fauna,, by T. W. Stanton. 1893. 8°. 288 pp. 

45 pi. Price 20 cents.

107. The Trap Dikes of the Lake Champlain Region, by .Tames Funnan Kcmp and Vernon Freeman Marsters. 3893. 8°. 62pp. 4 pi. Price 10 cents.

108. A Geological Recounoissance iu Central Washington, by Israel Cook Russell. 1893. 8°. 108pp. 

12 pi. Price 15 cents.

109. Tho Eruptive and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and their contact phenomena, by William Shirlcy Bayley. 1893. 8°. 121pp. 10 pi. Price 15 cents.

110. The Paleozoic Section in the vicinity of Three Forks, Montana, by Albert Charles Peale. 1893. 

8°. 56 pp. 6 pi. Price 10 cents.

111. Geology of the Big Stone Gap Coal Field of Virginia and Kentucky, by Marius R. Campbell. 

5893. 8°. 100pp. Opl. Price 15 cents.

112. Earthquakes in California in 1892, by Charles D. Perrine. ^893. 8°. 57, pp. Price 10 cents.
VI ADVERTISEMENT.

113. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry during tlio fiscal yeara 1891-'92 and 1892-'?R. 

F. W. Clarke, chief chemist 1893. 8°. 115pp. Price 15 cents.

314. Earthquakes iii California in 1893, by C. D. Porrine. 1894. 8°. 23pp. Price 5 cents.

115. A Geographic Dictionary of Rhode Island, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 31pp. Price 5 cents.

110. A Geographic Dictionary of Massachusetts, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 120pp. Price 1Ccents.

117. A Geographic Dictionary of Connecticut, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 67 pp. Price 10 cents.

118. A Geographic Dictionary of New Jersey, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 131pp. Price 15 cents.

119. A Geological R'econnoissancc in Northwest Wyoming, by George H. Eldridge. 1894. 8°. 72pp. 

Price 10 cents.

120. The Devonian System of eastern Pennsylvania and New York, by Charles S. Prosser. 1894. 

8°. 81 pp. Price 10 cents.

121. A Bibliography of North American Paleontology, by C. R. Keyes. 1894. 8°. 251 pp. Price 

20 cents. 

In press:

122. Results of Primary Triangulation, by Henry Gannett. 

In preparation: 

 A Mineralogical Lexicon, by Benjamin Kendall Emerson.

 The Moraines of the Missouri Coteau, and their attendant deposits, by James Edward Todd.

 A Bibliography of Paleobotany, by David White.

STATISTICAL PAPERS.

MineralResourcesof the United States, 1882, by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. xvii, 813pp. -Price 

50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, by Albert Williams, jr. 1885. 8°. xiv, 1016' 

pp. Price 60 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885. Division of Mining Statistics and Technology. 1886. 

8°. vii, 576 pp. Price 40 cents.

Minei:alRosourcesofthoUnitedStates,188G,byDavidT.Day. 1887. 8°. viii,813pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887, by David T. Day. 1888. 8°. vii, 832pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1888, by David T. Day. 1890. 8°. vii, 052 pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1889 and 1890, by David T. Day. 1892. 8°. viii, 07.1 pp. 

Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1891, by David T. Day. 1893. 8°. vii, 630 pp. Price 50 cents.

MineralResourcesof the United States, 1892, by David T. Day. "1893. 8°. vii, 850pp. Price 50 cents.

Mineral Resources of the United States, 1893, by David T. Day. 1894. 8°. viii, 810 pp. Price 50 cents.

The money received from the sale of these publications is deposited in the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Treasury declines to receive bank checks, drafts, or postage stamps; all remittances, therefore, must be by POSTAL MONEY ORDER, made payable to the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, 

or in CURRENCY, for the exact amouivt. Correspondence relating to the publications of tlio Survey 

should be addressed

To THE DIRECTOR OF THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

WASHINGTON, D. C., September, 1894.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEH1OR

BULLETIN

OF THE

UNITED STATES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

No. ISO

WASHINGTON

OTOVEENMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1894

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

J. AV. POWELL, DIRECTOR

THE DEVONIAN SYSTEM

OF

EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK

BY

CHARLES S. PROSSER .

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1894
U *" o o

d# ctj

O
CONTENTS.

Page.

Letter of trausuiittul ....................................................... ix

Outline of this paper ....................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................ 2

Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pa............................................ 3

Gravel Place, Monroe County, Pa............................................ 5

Brodheacl Creek section..................................................... 6

Pocono Creek section ....................................................... 15

Lehigh Eiver section ........................................................ 17

Marshalls Creek section .......................S............................. 20

Sections of the Bushkill creeks ............................................. 25

Sections near Diughmans, Pike Co., Pa...................................... 29

Sections near Milford, Pike Co., Pa.......................................... 33

Sections near Port Jervis, N. Y............................................... 39

Delaware Eiver section ............. ..^.................................... 40

Neversink Eiver section..................................................... 45

Section along the Ulster and Delaware E. E................................. 51

Sections in the Catskill mountains .......................................... 65

Conclusion ............................ 1.................................... 70

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Pago.

PLATE 1. Geological stations in eastern Pennsylvania and Now York. .Frontispiece. 

II. a. Arclueopteris obtasa Lx., Cat-skill, Phoenicia, Ulster County, N. Y. 

I. Detail of pinnule between tlic ultimate pinna} in same specimen 

c. Detail of pinnule of ultimate pinna} ..^..................^........ 49

FIG. 1. Stations along tbe Delaware, Lackawauua and "NAresleru Railroad.."... 45

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

Washington, D. 0., June 1, 1894.

SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith for a bulletin of the 

Geological Survey a paper entitled "The Devonian System of Eastern 

Pennsylvania and New York," by Mr. Charles S. Prosser.

CHAS. D. WALCOTT,

Geologist in Charge. 

Hon. J. W. POWELL,

Director U. S. Geological Survey.

IX
OUTLINE OF THIS PAPER.

The following paper is an account of a field investigation of the Devonian system 

of eastern Pennsylvania and New York. The work was undertaken under the 

auspices of the U. S. Geological Survey for the purpose of comparing the formations 

of this region with the more typical sections of the Devonian system in central and 

western New York.

The first field work was done in 1884, when a section was made from Port Jervis, 

along the line of the Mouticello and Port Jervis Railroad, to Monticello, and through 

Sullivan County over exposures of the Catskill stage. In 1890 tho various outcrops 

were studied along the Ulster and Delaware Railroad from Kingston to the Grand 

Hotel station, and along the Stony Clove and Catskill Mountain Railroad from 

Phoenicia to Kaaterskill and Paleuville,

During the following year an examination was made of the Devonian exposures 

along the Lehigh River, in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, along the Delaware, 

Lackawanna and Western Railroad across Monroe County, then northeast over the 

Devonian to Port Jervis, when the Delaware River section was studied, and finally 

from Port Jervis up the Neversink Valley to Summitville, on the New York^ Ontario 

and Western Railroad, in Sullivan County, New York.

The stratigraphy of the region was studied while thorough search was made for 

fossils in all the exposures examined. The collections of fossils have been carefully 

identified, and the data obtained in this way have been used in comparing the 

formations of this region with those of central New York. Such comparative study 

has shown differences in classification between the system used by the Pennsylvania 

survey and that of the New York standard series, and certain changes are suggested 

which will bring tho correlation of the Pennsylvania section nearer that of the 

New York.

A change of location and an accession of duties have rendered it impossible to 

continue this study in eastern New York and central Pennsylvania, as had been 

planned by the writer; consequently it is deemed best to publish now the results of 

this portion of the investigation. As a result of this change the paper fails to show 

that fullness of detail and extent of scope which was desired by the writer; but it 

is hoped that the contribution may be of some assistance in working out the correlation of the Devonian system of this region.

TOPEKA, KANS., July 5,1898. C. S. P.

Bull. 120 1

THE DEVONIAN SYSTEM OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA

AND NEW YORK.

BY CHARLES S. PROSSEE.

INTRODUCTION.

By way of introduction a section will be described across the Devo. 

nian of the northeastern part of Monroe County, Pa., along the line of 

Brodhead Creek and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The base of this section will rest on the Corniferous limestone 

well exposed in a railroad cut a mile south of Bast Stroudsburg and 

the termination will be in the Pocono, as exposed on the Pocono Mountains, from Mount Pocono to the ridge northwest of Tobyharina.

STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA. 1475.'

One mile south of East Stroudsburg the Delaware, Lackawanna and 

. Western Railroad makes a cut through an anticlinal axis of the Corniferous limestone, near the center of which is the Cauda-galli grit.2 On 

the western side of Brodhead Creek, along the line of the New York, 

Susquehanna and Western Railroad, are exposures of .the Corniferous 

limestone which in some respects show the folding better than those 

on the eastern side of the creek. A very small anticlinal fold occurs 

just south of the railroad bridge across McMichaePs Creek, most of the 

rock being eroded so that only an occasional stratum shows. Then the 

rocks are for a short distance covered, when the limestone again 

appears with a dip of 30° from 10° to 15° east of south. Under this 

limestone, at the north end of the bluff, are very black Marcellus shales 

which have been excavated in the hope of finding coal. This structure 

shows it to be an overturned dip of the Corniferous. South of the limestone the rocks are covered for about 100 feet, when an anticlinal arch 

of limestone is exposed along the railroad for 105 feet. If the small 

ridge of limestone just south of McMichael's Creek be followed a short 

distance southwest, an exposure of shaly limestone will be found in 

which fossils.are abundant. (1475 B 4.) 3

1 Station number shown on map (PI. I) accompanying this bulletin.

'This cut is well described by Prof. White in 2d GeoJ. Survey Penn., G6, pp. 119, 265, 266, where 

it is stated that the Corniferous limestone lias a thickness of about 200 feet, and that 50 feet of the 

Cauda-galli grit is exposed at the center of the arch.

'This is probably the locality mentioned by Prof. White as one of the best in.Monroe Comity for 

collecting Corniferous fossils (Gs, p. 120). On pp. 120, 121 he gives a list of eleven species from this 

and other localities in Monroe County. Also see paragraph, on p. 266 in reference to the East 

Stroudsburg axis of Corniferous just south of Stroudsburg.

3
4 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Down the ridge, toward the iron bridge, across the creek, opposite 

Elizabeth street, as well as at the point where the highway turns 

down the creek, is a ledge of the cherty Upper Helderberg (Gorniferous) limestone containing corals and a few other fossils.

No. 1475 B 2 Bluish gray shales occur in McMichaePs.Creek, opposite Elizabeth street, the dip of which is between 25° and 30°, one clear 

stratum giving 27° to 28°, 20° or more west of north. The cleavage is 

to the south rather than to the southeast. 1 These shales are the transition from the Corniferous limestone up into the black Marcellus, and 

at this point 45 feet are exposed. No fossils were found.

No. 1475 B1. At the northeast end of the small ridge which rises a 

little north of Scott street, Stroudsburg, is an outcrop of blackish shales.2 

The ridge extends northeast and southwest, and is probably produced 

by one of the small folds. The rock has the lithologic character of the 

Marcellus shale of New York, and the fossils given below show this 

correlation to be correct. Fossils are comparatively abundant in this 

locality, and it is one of the few places which has yielded Marcellus 

fossils in northeastern Pennsylvania. Prof. White stated that this is 

the only locality at which he found fossils abundant in the Marcellus,"3 

and he provisionally identified the following genera: "Spirifer, Chonetes, 

Productus, Orthis, with many crinoidal fragments." 4

Of course the Chonetesis the C. mucronata and the Orthis is probably 

Leiorliynclius limitaris; but the forms called Spirifer 5 and Productus are 

not so easily referred to their proper systematic position.

FAUNA of No. 1475 Bl.

Leiorhynchus limitaris (Van.) Hall........................................... (aafi)

Chonetes mucronata Hall ........................ ............................ (aa)

Leiopteria laevis Hall.............. .......................................... (a)

Styliola lissurella Hall ...................... ................................ (c)

Orthoceras subulatum Hall (? 7 ) .............................................. (r)

Pteriuopecteu tlignatus Hall.................................................. (rr)

(?) Goniatites sp., crushed and imperfect fragment............................ (rr)

!See G6 . p. 269. In describing this locality Prof. White mentions " thin bands (3 to 5 inches thick) 

of alight drab colored rock," which is interstratified with the bluish gray shale at intervals of 3 to

5 feet. These bands are thin layers of limestone, showing the drab color only on' the weathered 

surface.

;This is the outcrop mentioned by Prof. White, on pp. 115,' 116, 270 of G 6 , and at the last reference 

we find this statement: "It has been quarried to some extent for riprap for the roads."

: G6, p. 115.

« Op. cit., p. 116.

6Prof. White stated: "Spirifer uinbonatus was not recognized anywhere in the district (G6, p. 

116), and Prof. Lesley, in commenting on the above fossils of Stroudsburg, said; "Spirifera (Ambocailia) umbonata, the little shell so extremely abundant in western New York, was not seen by Prof. 

White anywhere between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers." (Sum. Desc. Geol. Penn., Vol. ii, p. 

1206, f. n. J). By referring to the lists of Hamilton fossils in this paper, it will be seen that Ainboccelia 

umbonata (Con.) Hall, is a common species in northeastern Pennsylvania. It is second in abundance 

in the exposure a short distance above Gravel Place, 2£ miles above Stroudsburg.

c The following characters are used to indicate the abundance of the species : aa very abundant, 

a=abundant; cc very common, c= common; rr = very rare, r = rare.

'(?) following the name of a species indicates that the specific identification is in. doubt; (?) preceding the generic name indicates that the generic identification is doubtful.
FROSSEH.] GRAVEL. PLACE, MONROE COUNTY, PA. 5

Along the line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Kailroad, north of East Stroudsburg, there has been, considerable folding of the rocks, and the Upper Helderberg (Corniferous limestone) 

appears again as shown on Prof. White's geological map of Monroe 

County. Especially is this discernible in a small cut a little above the 

flag crossing on the western side of the track, about three-fourths of a 

mile north of the station and in a field on the eastern side of the railroad a little farther north.

GRAVEL PLACE, MONROE COUNTY, PA. 1475 C 2.

At a point 2.7 miles north of the Stroudsburg station of the NewYork, Susquehanua and Western Railroad is its junction with the 

Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. A short distance 

farther north, just beyond the point where the Delaware, Lackawanna 

and Western crosses the highway, is an exposure of rather coarse 

arenaceous shales on the northeast side of the railroad. Here fossils 

are quite abundant, especially Vitulina pustulosa, Hall. The dip of the 

shales near the top of the bluff is between 22° and 23°, about 20° west 

of north. The rocks cleave strongly between 20° and 30° east of south, 

and the position of the fossils shows that it is cleavage passing across 

the line of bedding.

FAUNA OF No. 1475 C 2. 

Vitulina pustulosa Hall..................................................... (aa)

Over fifty specimens were collected, some of which are very perfect, showing the pustulose character very nicely. 

Arhboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (c)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall............................. ..................... (r)

Spiriferamucronata (Con.) Billings.......................................... (r)

(?) Nyassa argnta Hall...................................................... (IT)

Broken and imperfect specimen, 

Spirifera graunlifera Hall ................................................... (IT)

Chonetes deflecta Hall...................................................... (r)

Modiornorpha subalata (Con.) Hall.......................................... (rr)

Pteriuea flabellata (Con.) Hall.................. ............................ (rr)

Leiorhynchns multicosta Hall............................................... (rr)

Modiomorpha coucentrica (Con.) Hall 1 ..................................... (rr)

Specimen broken and crushed so it is not possible to be absolutely sure of

specific identity. 

Pleurotomaria sp ....................................'....................... (rr)

Crinoid (calyx) .................. ...........................................

The lithologic character of the rocks is that of the.moderately coarse 

arenaceous Hamilton shales of central New York, and the.fauna is 

undoubtedly Hamilton.

No. 1475 C 3. The hills on the northeast side of the railroad are quite 

steep, and above Gravel Place, at a point opposite that at which the 

railroad crosses the highway for the third time, is an exposure of arenaceous shales, the lithologic character of which is about the same as that 

of 02, and fossils are common ; Palceoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall occurs, 

and Spirifera mucronata is comparatively abundant.
6 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL 120. 

BRODHEAD CREEK SECTION.

No. 1475, 01. In Brodhead Creek, at Smith aud Miller's mill (formerly Stokes' and also Wyckoff's), a little below Gravel Place, is an 

exposure of Marcellus shale of a bluish gray tint with drab markings, 

apparently belonging to the lower Marcellus. The dip is west of north, 

and in two places between 10° and 20°. No fossils were found. 1

On the highway west of the creek, near the top of the small ridge, 

south of the 3-mile board, are bluish black shales by the roadside, 

probably Marcellus, while on the ridge north of the sign-board and 

house the Hamilton appears.

No. 1475 C 5. Continuing north along the Stroudsburg and Spragueville highway, at a point a short distance south of the house of E. 

Bonynge, is an exposure of arenaceous slightly calcareous shale by 

the roadside. Fossils are very abundant at this horizon, especially 

Corals and Crinoid stems, and numerous specimens of Brachiopods. 

The rock when weathered becomes rotten and filled with perforations 

left by the solution of the Corals and Crinoid stems.

FAUNA OF No. 1475 C 5.

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall ........................................ (rr)

Atrypa reticularis (Linne") Tabu ............................................. (c)

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Hall....................'.......................... (a)

Spirifera sculptilis Hall..................................................... (a)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (c)

Spirifera medialis Hall (?) or Spirifera macroiiota Hall (?).................. (rr)

Specimen with very high hinge area, but poorly preserved in other respects. 

Cyrtiuahamiltonensis Hall................................................... (r)

Orthis vanuxemi Hall......... . .........................._........-....... (c)

Nucleospira conciuna Hall .................................................. (c)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall .......................................... (c)

Chonetes coronata (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Strophodonta perplana (Con.) Hall (?); it is possible theso internal impres-

,. sions are S. demissa (Con.) Hall....................................... (rr)

Leiorhynchus multicosta Hall (?)........................................... (rr;

Poorly preserved specimen. 

Cypricardinia indenta (Con.) Hall .......................................... (c)

Conocardium sp ..^..... ^................................................... (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (c)

Platyceras sp., two exfoliated specimens which may be compared with P. 

carinatum Hall ........................................................

Actiuopteria decussata Hall (?)............................................. (,r)

The rays are regularly interrupted by the concentric striiB, as in the above

species. 

Mytilarca ('Plethomytilns) oviformis. (Con.) Hall.................!........... (rr)

Corals.......................... v ..........................................

Bryozoa....................................................................

NO. 1475 C. 

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.._............................................... (rr)

A very perfect specimen frpm the roadside between No. 1475 C 5 and the 

bridge over Brodhead Creek.

1 See p. 270, G 6.
PROSSEB.] TULLY LIMESTONE OF CENTRAL NEW YORK. 7

After describing- the locality from which the above species were collected, Prof. White said: "There can be little doubt that this stratum 

represents the Tully limestone horizon of the New York Beports, and it 

thus becomes a valuable guide in correlating and classifying the rocks 

of the district." l

Again, the same exposure is described more fully under the geology 

of Stroud Township, where the professor states that the rock is "perforated in every direction with the holes left from the removal of corals 

and other calcareous remains by solution.

. "Fossil shells are very abundant, Spirifer, Tropidoleptus,&u& Amcula 

being very numerous, while crinoiclal fragments also abound." 2

The Pennsylvania horizon under consideration is usually a calcareous 

shale, instead of a massive limestone, and does not lithologically resemble the Tully limestone of central New York. But far more important 

than its lithologic character is the fact that in this horizon the species 

which are especially characteristic of the Tully limestone are absent, 

while those of the Hamilton constitute its fauna.

While considering the correlation of this zone it is well to take into 

account the known eastern extension of the Tully limestone of central 

New York. The farthest east Yanuxein found this formation was in 

Chenango County, "at the northwestern part of Smyrna, on the road to 

De Euyter village, where the road crosses the west branch of the Chenango."'1

Prof. Emmons in 1846 discussed the absence of the Tully limestone 

in eastern New York, and I see no reason for dissent from his views. 

He said: "The Hamilton shales, however, are limited above, or superiorly, by a dark-colored mass which has been called the Tully limestone. 

This would seem a sufficiently distinct limit if the limestone extended 

eastward; but as it is absent in the river counties, and scarcely extends 

beyond the central counties in this direction, the group is still left 

without a distinct line of demarcation in nearly one-half of the State. 

We are therefore obliged to resort to a careful study of its fossils in 

order to define the limits which the mass occupies." 4 Also "in Albany 

and Schoharie counties it [Tully limestone] is unknown." *

In the summer of 1886 the writer studied this region, and near Upperville. in Smyrna Township, reported limestone layers 25 feet in thickness separated by calcareous shales.6 Prof. S. G. Williams reports 

this same locality as " the easternmost poini at which I have found 

anything answering to the Tully." 7 Finally, Prof. H. S. Williams 

says: "The Tully limestone is a zone of argillaceous limestone ranging

'GO, p. 109. 

: 0p. cit., p. 271.

s Geol. New York, Pt. HI, 1842, p. 292; also, see p. 164. 

"Agriculture of New York, Vol. I, p. 183. 

£ Ibid., p. 186.

B Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. Science, Vol. XXXVI, 1887, p. 210.

'Sixth Ann. Kept. State Geol. [New York], 1887, p. 18; also see map on " Geographical distribution 

of the Tully limestone in central STew York," accompanying the paper.
8 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

from a few feet to over 50 feet in thickness, the outcrop of which crosses 

the middle counties of New York State from Ontario to Chenango 

counties, but it is not clearly recognized in the sections south of New 

York." 1 . No. 1475 04. About one-fourth mile farther north than the outcrop 

of the coral zone the road crosses Brodhead Creek, and under the 

bridge, as well as along the west bank of the creek below the bridge, 

are exposures of rather fine argillaceous shales of bluish color and 

moderately fossiliferous.

FAUNA. OF No. 1475 C4. 

Nucnlites triqneter Cou .......................................i............. (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (rr)

Palseoneilo sp., a broken specimen; probably P. constricta (Con.)Hall........ (rr)

Leiorhynclius multicosta Hall............................................... (rr)

(? ) Crania, imperfect specimen of possibly C. hamiltonise Hall............... (rr)

(?) Streptorhynchus sp., broken specimens of what are apparently S. cheraungensis (Con.) Hall, agreeing most nearly with var. arctostriataHall (rr) 

Orthonota(?) parvula Hall................................................. (rr)

The proportions and other characters of the shell agree perfectly with

the description and figures of this species. 

(?) Modiomorpha mytiloides (Con.) Hall.................................... (rr)

Two valves of small Lamellibranch, which are possibly this species. 

(?) Productella sp., two small impressions................................... (rr)

Chouetes deflecta Hall (?).................................................. (rr)

Not clearly preserved, but the spines along the hinge line are distinct. 

Loxonema sp., only one perfect volution; but probably L. hamiltoniss Hall... (rr) 

Lmgula sp.................................................................. (rr)

Grammysia sp.............................................................. (rr)

Orthoceras sp............................................................... (rr)

Fragments of two shells belonging to the Pectinidse.......................... (rr)

Crinoid stems............................................................... (c)

This outcrop is one of the typical exposures of Genesee shale mentioned by Prof. White,' who says: "The Genesee slate outcrop crosses 

Brodhead Oreek at the road crossing, 1£ miles below Spragueville, 

where it is seen as a bluish-black, sandy slate, dipping quite rapidly to 

the northeast." 2

From the above list of fossils it will be seen that the fauna is not 

that of the Genesee shale, but of the Upper Hamilton. Moreover the 

shales have no lithologic resemblance to the typical Genesee of central 

and western New York, and the same criticism applies to this correlation that has already been made in reference to the coral zone, or 

so-called Tully limestone. In reference to the eastern extension of the 

Genesee shale in New York, Vanuxem said: "The Genesee slate was 

not distinctly recognized east of the town of Smyrna, in Chenango 

County, probably owing to intermixture with sandstone, and its fossils 

not having been noticed." 3 But under the description of Chenango 

County it is mentioned at North New Berlin. 4 In 1883 the writer

1 Bull. Geol. Soc. Ara., Vol. I, 1890, pp. 489, 490.

»GG, p. 271; also see p. 108 under the distribution of the Genesee.

s Geol. of New York, Pt. Ill, p. 169.

«Ibid., p. 292.
PROSSER.] EXTENSION OF CHEMUNG FORMATION. 9

carefully studied the exposures along the valley of the Unadilla Jftiver 

to New Berlin, and then across the hills to Oneonta, but failed to find 

any evidence of the Genesee black shale or its fauna. Near Smyrna 

were found black argillaceous shales some 20 feet in thickness. 1

No.,,1475 06. Bluish, arenaceous shales by the roadside, just above 

the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Bailroad crossing, about onehalf mile south of Spragueville. The rock is rather micaceous, and 13 

composed of quite coarse arenaceous sliales with some sandstone and 

thin shaly layers in which are fossils, so that, lithologically considered, 

it is quite different from the darker and more argillaceous shales of the 

so-called Genesee below.

FAUNA oi-\No. 1475 C6°

Tropiiloleptiis carinatus (Con.) Hall ................ ........ ................ (rr)

Homalonotua dekayi (Green) Emm .......................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall .................. ............................ (rr)

Palaioneilo maxima (Con.) Hall........................... I................. (rr)

Leptodesma rogersi Hall (V)................................................. (rr)

There are three specimens which agree well with some of the figures of

theabove species, and a fourth specimen is narrower, more oblique, and

resembles somewhat fig. 13, PL xxi of L. spmigerum (Con.) Hall. Prof.

Hall says, "specific distinction is not always apparent" (Geol. Surv. N.

Y., Palaeontology, Vol. v, Pt. i, Lamellibranchiata, i, p. 177). 

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall ................................................. (r)

Pleurotomaria sp........................................................... (r)

Orthoceras sp............................................................... (rr)

Goniatites sp. .............................................................. (rr)

These fossils are from the lower part of what Prof. White has described 

and mapped as Chemung, and from, the locality which is mentioned in 

his description of Stroud Township. The professor wrote: "Along 

the county road, about one-half mile below Spragueville, the (Jhemung 

rocks are seen in cliffs of gray fine-grained sandstone, quite fossiliferous."* The fauna is not that of the typical Chemung, but rather 

appears to be that of the Ithaca group which forms at Ithaca, N. Y., the 

middle of the Portage stage. Bearing upon this question is the statement of Prof. James Hall to the Geological Society at Eochester, that 

he believed "the Chemung formation went no farther east than Delaware County [New York]."3 Prof. White mentions "Spirifer disjunctus"* as occurring in the Ohemung of northeastern Pennsylvania. 

Very careful search was given to the rocks called Ohemung, as well as 

to the overlying ones, yet no specimen of this well-known Chemung 

species was found. In places numerous specimens of Spirifera mesastrialis Hall were found, which on hasty examination might be mistaken 

for the typical Ohemung species.

No. 1475 07. On the third hill below Spragueville, to. the east of the

1 Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. Science, Vol. XXXVI, p. 210.

2 G«, p. 272.

8 As reported in the Rochester Post Express, August 16, 1892.

' IbidM p. 105.
10 PENNSYLVANIA .AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

road, are found ledges of sandstone, containing numerous specimens of 

winged LanieUibranchs C? Actinopteria cf. boydi), which weather to 

a light gray color, but are bluish on a fresh fracture. This may be the 

"coarse yellowish-gray sandstone" mentioned by Prof. White as occurring<200 feet below the top of the Chemung, near Spragueville. 1

FAUNA OF No. 1475 C7. :

Tropidoleptus carinatns (Con.) Hall........................................ (rr)

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall ................................................. (rr)

Homalonotus dekayi (Green) Emm.......................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall.......... '. .................................... (rr)

(?) Actinopteria cf. boydi Hall.................................:............ (c)

Palseoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall var...................................... (rr)

Ehynchonella sp............................................................ (r)

Nncnlites sp................................................................ .(rr)

No. 1475 08. Exposures of sandstone and shales near the summit of 

the second hill below Spragueville, on eastern side of the road. On 

the southern side of the ridge toward the summit is a ledge of rather 

massive sandstone. A little higher are shaly layers, some of which 

cleave very smoothly, and in these shales are some fossils. Lamellibranchs are most abundant, but Spirifera mesastrialis Hall is also 

present. The fossils only occur in a thin layer in shales that are generally nonfossiliferous.

FAUNA OF No. 1475 C8.

Nucnlites oblongatus Con................................................... (a)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall................................................ (c)

Palseoneilo plana Hall ...................................................... (aa)

Prothyris lanceolata Hall................................................... (r)

Microdon (Cypricardella) gregarius Hall (^)................................. (r)

Palceoueilo emarginata (Con.) Hall var...................................... (c)

There are small specimens, which are apparently the same as the small 

shell figured by Prof. Hall on pi. 50, fig. 11, from Ithaca as this species. 

But there are larger specimens of this form, and these differ from P. 

emarginata in having the posterior margin only slightly sinuate, instead 

of deeply, and the umbonal slope is faint, forming a shallow depression 

which nearly disappears toward the umbo. This character is very 

marked when compared with the typical P. emarginata with its conspicuous emargiuation. However, the shell is decidedly of the P. emarginata type, and although some authors might regard the variation as of 

 specific rank, I prefer to call it only varietal. 

Nuculites cf. cuneiformis Con......................:........................ (c)

The specimens are higher than most of Nuculites (except fig. 16, pi. 47) 

and in proportions suggest Goniophora; but they possess a clavicular 

ridge aud teeth, and so are clearly Nuculites. There ar i smaller specimens associated with the larger, which are probably the young, as suggested by Dr. Charles E. Beecher. 

Leda diversa Hall.......................................................... (rr)

Cf. Prothyris plauulata Hall and Orthonota carinata Hall................... (rr)

Difficult to decide to which of these species the two specimens belong. 

Orthonota (?) parvula Hall (?).............................................. (rr)

Poorly preserved specimen.

1 GG , p. 272.
EXTENSION OF CHEMUNG FOEMATION. 11

Spirifera mesastrialis Hall.................................................. (c)

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall...... ............................. .... I.....'.... (rr)

Nucula corlmliforniia Hall.................................................. (rr)

Orthonota undulata Con.................................................... (rr)

Teutaculites sp ............................................................. (IT)

Lingula sp.................................................................. (rr)

Orthoceras sp............................................................... (rr)

Pleurotomaria or Cyclonema sp............................................. (i'r)

The rocks from which the above fauna was obtained are a typical 

exposure of those which have been called Chemuiig by Prof. I. C. 

White in eastern Pennsylvania. In describing this exposure Prof. 

White said: "Along the county road, about one-half mile below 

Spragueville, the Chemuug rocks are seen in. cliffs of gray line-grained 

sandstone, quite fossiliferous;" ' and in his account of the geologic 

formations he further stated that: "It was impossible to identify any 

of the beds between the base of the Oatskill and the top of the Hamilton with the Portage series of other portions of Pennsylvania, either 

on lithological or pal neon tological grounds, and hence I have applied 

the name Chernung to the entire interval, preferring to regard the Portage series as absent from, this district." 2 Several reasons are given for 

this correlation, that of first importance being " the occurrence of characteristic Chemung fossils throughout the entire interval.'' J Later, in 

describing the geology of the Snsquehanna River region, Prof. White 

stated that probably the beds in the lower part of the Oheuiuug "are 

the equivalents of the Portage beds in New York;" 4 and in a letter 

dated February 22,1892, emphasizes the fact that he wishes the above 

statement to apply to Monroe and Pike Counties, and that the lower 

part of the terrane called Chemung in those counties corresponds to 

the Portage of New York.

The fauna of this formation is not characteristic of the Chemung 

stage of southern, central,' and western New York, or even of the 

highest fossiliferous pre-Carboniferous rocks of southern Pennsylvania 

and western Maryland. On the contrary, it is a modified Hamilton 

fauna, similar to the faunas that occur in central and eastern New 

York in the Portage, especially after the Tully limestone and Genesee 

shale have disappeared. It hardly seems to be so late as the "Ithaca 

group," but rather approaches the earlier modified stages of the Hamilton fauna, as possibly the Paracyclas lirata stage of Dr. H. S. 

Williams, which is found well developed above the horizon of the 

Genesee shale at Oneonta and Norwich in central New York.5

 G «, p. 272. 

''Ibid., p. 104.

 'Ibid., p. 104.

'Q 7 ,1883, p. 68 ; and see pp. 70 and 228 for similar statements.

'See Prof. H. S. Williams in Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. XXXIV, p. 225 and chart; and 

Prosser, ibid., Vol. cXXXVI, p. 210. This fauna characterized the Oneonta group of Conrad (not 

Vanuxem, who applied the same name to the overlying gray and red sandstones and shales), which 

was composed of bluish shales with some sandstones and abundantly fossiljferous. The zone is well 

exposed in the quarry at the foot of the bill west of Oneonta, at Norwich in the quarry near the 

reservoir, and in the lower partof the high hill west of the village. For Conrad's description of the 

"group" see Ann. Geol. Kept., N. Y., 1841, pp. 30, 31, 50, and 53.
12 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

It is true that Spirifera disjuncta Sow. is reported from this formamation; 1 and if the specimens were correctly identified that would be 

almost conclusive proof of its Chemung age. But the writer has failed 

to find this species on the eastern side of the Pocono and Catskill 

mountains and is inclined to think that Spirifera mesastrialis Hall, an 

allied species which is not uncommon, is the one reported for 8. disjuncta, especially since the Cascade section of Susquehanna County, 

Pa., has been reported to contain well-known Chemung shaly and 

flaggy strata full of Spirifera disjuncta.2 When the section was examined, in company with Dr. H. S. Williams, it was found that the common species was 8. mesastrialis, which had evidently been mistaken 

for the 8. disjuncta.3

After considerable field work in southeastern Few York and northeastern Pennsylvania, the conclusion is reached that the marine faunas 

terminated either slightly in advance or soon after the appearance of 

the Chemung stage. In central and southern Pennsylvania and western Maryland the conditions seem to have been more favorable, and 

Spirifera disjuncta with other Chemung species occurs in rocks which 

are stratigraphically equivalent to the unfossiliferous Jbeds farther 

toward the northeast. The geological collections of Johns Hopkins 

University contain a few specimens of Spirifera disjuncta. from near 

Cumberland, Md., 4 and Profs. Claypole/' White," Stevenson,7 Ashburner,8 and Meek 9 have reported the species from a number of localities in Pennsylvania and Virginia.

The shales and sandstones of the Chemung series, which contain the 

highest fossil shells seen by Prof. White, are succeeded by greenishgray, thick-bedded sandstones the Starucca sandstone of Prof. White 

 which at that time he considered the base of the Catskill. 10 Later, 

Prof. White states " it seems probable that the 600 feet of grayishgreen beds at the top of the Chemung in Pike and Monroe, which in 

G6 were referred to the Catskill under the name of Starucca beds, may 

be the equivalent of a portion of the Upper Chemuug of this district 

[Susquehanna River region], and therefore erroneously referred to the

'GO p. 105.

 &, p. 78.

3 See the remarks on the Cascade section by Dr. Wllilams, who states: '' When I examined the section I found rio trace of several of the species cited, and only rare and imperfect specimens of Spiri* 

fera disjuncta and the last stage with Rhynchonella contracta; but all the mass of the fauna was Spirifera mesastrialis and its legitimate associates, which is a lower fauna belonging to the more eastern 

part of this general area. The difference between the two Spiriferas appears at first glance slight; 

but they are clearly distinct.' 1 (Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. xxxlv, p. 231).

'See list of Chemung fossils from Maryland, by Charles R. Keyes, in Johns Hopkins Univ., circulars, Vol. xi, December 1891, p. 29, which specimens, through the courtesy of Dr. W. B. Clark, have 

been personally examined.

8 F2, pp. 74, 77, 289, 291.

fT", pp. 98, 183, 194.

! T2, pp. 76, 80. 133, 212, 214, 216. 225, 226; and Amer. Geol., Vol. ix, pp. 10, 26. *

8 F, pp. 221, 225.

9Bull. Phil. Soc. Washington. Vol. ii; Appendix, art., viii, p. 34.

10 G6, pp. 102, 103. See G6 , 1881, pp. 59, 70, 73, and fig. 10 on p. 77 for the original description of 

this zone.
PR08SEE.1 SEPARATION OF CHEMUNG AND CATSKILL. 13

Catskill in G6."' In the letter mentioned above Prof. White writes that 

600 feet of sandstones, which in G6 were put in the Catskill, should be 

added to the Chemuiig. Referring to the difficulty in separating the 

Chemuug and Catskill, the professor says: " I think the only possible 

separation of Chemung and Catskill is that founded upon physical 

characteristics, and in my opinion we should separate them at the horizon of the lowest red beds, for these seem to come in at about the 

same general zone everywhere, and it is the only possible means of 

separation." These sandstones are well exposed at Spragueville and 

in the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad cut just north of 

the station. In this cut is a layer of red shale, in the midst of the 

sandstone, which is the first or lowest red bed seen in the section.

The second railroad cut, just north of the Brodhead Creek railroad 

bridge, is in the New Milford red shale, which is now regarded by Prof. 

White as forming the base of the Catskill.2 The red shales alternate 

with gray shales and sandstones as far as the " High Bridge " over the 

west branch of Brodhead Creek, when the Delaware River flags of 

White are reached.3 These flags do not consist entirely of gray shales 

and sandstones, but reds alternate with the grays.

JNo. 1475 E2. At the southern end of the first railroad cut north of 

the "High Bridge," a slab of greenish-gray sandstone was found which 

contained many impressions of Orthonota (?) parvula Hall,4 a species 

which occurs in the upper Hamilton shales of Schoharie County, N. Y., 

as well as frequently in the argil laceouslflamilton shales of central and 

western New York. There is also a calcareous (?) breccia which contains fragments of Brachiopod shells, as Spirifera sp., and fish bones. 

The dip in the cut is more than 20° north. The rocks of the railroad 

cut are red, gray, and greenish shales, alternating with sandstones. 

At the northern end of the cut, near the sign " whistle," are coarse, 

grayish, arenaceous shales in which fern stipes occur, and one poorly 

preserved frond of Archceopteris minor Lx. (?) was found.

No. 1475 El. A short distance south of the Henryville Station is a 

railroad cut through the red shale which is called the Montrose red 

shale by Prof. White.5 The dip is about 14°, between 20° and 25° west 

of north. In the red shale of this cut Prof. White reported "vast 

numbers of fronds of Arcliceopteris Jaclcsoni." 6

In another place the rarity of fossils in the Catskill is commented 

upon and the importance of this locality noted as follows: "Plant

'G7, p. 73.

-G6, pp. 101, 273.

"G6, p. 100.

<Tho first published reference to this discovery is in the Amer. Geol., Vol. ix, p. 15, footnote. Dr. 

Charles E. Beeclier has seen these specimens and agrees with the above identification. Dr. J. M. 

Clarke has kindly compared some of the specimens with the types in the New York State Museum 

at Albany, and writes: " I see no reason why the shells in question should not be regarded as Orthonota ( ?) parvula, in accordance with your identification; I have compared them with the types of O.(?) 

parvula and can find no distinctive characters."

6GB , pp. 320, 98.

«Ibid., p. 320.
14 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK' DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

remains are of very rare occurrence, the only locality in the district 

where any determinable forms were seen being- a short distance"below 

Henryville in a cut on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. There, near the base of the Montrose red shale, great numbers 

of Archceopteris Jacksoni occur." 1

Careful search failed to reveal a fragment of an Archceo2)teris, and 

the only fossils seen were the irregular fucoidal (?) markings that are 

frequently found in the red shales of the Upper Devonian.

No. 1475 Fl. Near the southern end of the second i .lilroacl cut north 

of Henryville, in green argillaceous shale, just on top of red shale, a 

fragment of a brachiopod shell was found. At the northern end of the 

cut, in greenish, somewhat arenaceous shales, 1£ feet above red shale, 

are fossils. The cut shows one of the small rolls that were frequently 

noticed along the line of the railway. These rocks are probably in the 

formation called "the Honesdale sandstones" by Prof. White, although 

near the transition from them to the underlying Montrose shale. Above 

this horizon no fossils were seen in the higher rocks, except indeterminable fragments of plants, and this is the highest fauna that has yet 

been found in Monroe and Pike Counties.

FAUNA OF No. 1475 Fl.

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall.

Ten specimens, part of them broken, from a thin layer of greenish, moderately 

arenaceous shale. It is the only fossiliferous stratum seen in these beds. 

Five specimens in good condition were found, so there is no doubt as to their 

specific identification. 

Leda cliversa Hall (?).

Possibly the specimen is L. brevirostris Hall, since it is not so long as the typical L. diversa, but on the contrary it is not so high as t he typical L..brevirostris.

Spirifera mesastrialis, which is reported from the Hamilton of Schoharie County, N. Y.,2 is an abundant and well-known species of the 

middle zone of the <<Ithaca group" at Ithaca, and is also found in the 

lower Chemung, farther south in southern central New York,3 and 

northern Pennsylvania,4 while Leda diversa is a Hamilton species of 

eastern and central New York. The fossils seem to indicate that these 

shales are hardly younger than the lower Chemung and they might be 

still older, since the specimens of Spirifera mesastrialis do not appear 

to be the variety which is found in the lower Chemung of southern New 

York; but, on the contrary, the form found in the older rocks of the 

Portage.

The nearest correlation to the above is that of Prof. Stevenson in his 

vice-presidential address before Section E of the American Association, in 1891, when he drew the line separating the Catskill from the

1 G°, p. 103.

2 Geol. Survey N. T., Paleontology, Vol. IV, Pt. I, p. 417.

3 Bull. TJ. S. Geol. Surv., No. 3, pp. 17, 22, 24.

« Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. Science, Vol. XXXIV, p. 231.
PROSSER.] POCONO SECTION. 15

Cheinung, between the Montrose sandstone above and the Montrose 

red shale below, 1 which is at a part of the series not distant from the 

horizon in which the Spiriferas were collected above Henryville.

Above this horizon coarse, gray sandstones and shales alternate with 

reddish shales. A thick mass of the red shale is well exposed in the 

railroad cut jnst west of Oakland. The cut below Mount Pocono shows 

coarse, gray sandstone with fragments of fossil plants, thiu, bluish, 

argillaceous shales, breccia, and red shales, while in places the coarse, 

gray sandstone contains quartz pebbles, and is probably near the horizon of Prof. White's Cherry Ridge conglomerate, about 500 feet below 

the top of the Catskill.2

In general structure and lithologic appearance, these rocks are very 

similar to the typical Catskill of the Catskill Mountains.

On the summit of the Pocono plateau, about 2£ miles north of Tobyhanna, is a massive conglomerate which is considered by Prof. White 

as the Mount Pleasant conglomerate at the base of the Pocono.3

POCONO CREEK AND POCONO KNOB SECTION.

After the section along the line of Brodhead Creek and the Delaware, Lacka.wanna and Western Railroad had been studied, another 

one was made from Str.oudsburg along Pocono Creek, through Bartonsville and Taunersville to Pocono Knob. The same series of formations 

was crossed by this latter section as by the former; but in general the 

exposures are not so good, and the conditions not so favorable for a 

careful study of the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the region. 

However, the general results were about the same, as will be seen 

from the lists of fossils and descriptions of different localities. '

No. 1475 D 2. On the highway from Stroudsburg to Bartonsville, a 

little- below the Tanite Company's mill, is an outcrop of bluish, arenaceous shale, which is quite fossiliferons, Tdlinopsls subemarginata (Con.) 

Hall, being the most abundant species.

FAUNA OF No. 1475 D 2.

Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall............................ .......... (aa)

Spirifeva nmcronata (Con.) Bill............... I............................. (rr)

Leiorhynchus multicosta Hall............................................... (rr)

Ainboccelia umbouata (Con.) Hall............................................ (rr)

Chonetes lepida Hall ....................................................... (rr)t

Chonetes sp., probably C. setigera Hall, although two specimens approach

C. scitula Hall in form................................................ (c)

Palteoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall............;.............................. (rr)

Lunulicardium fragile Hall...... ............................ .r .... ......... (r)

Lingula sp....... .................... ...................................... (rr)

Orthoceras sp............................................................... (r)

Actinopteria cf. muricata Hall.............................................. (rr)

 Am. Geol., Vol. IX, p. 14. 

2 G6 , p. 78. 

3 G G, pp. 90, 329.
16 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

No. 1475 D 3. Down the bank, just opposite the Tanite works, by 

Pocono Creek, the shales are blue and more arenaceous than those by 

the roadside. 1

FAUNA OF No. 1475 D 3.

Ambocrelia nmbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (r)

Chonetes mucronata Hall.......... ..-....-....._ 1.......................... (r)

Dalmanites booth! (Green) Hall (?) ......................................... (rr)

The lithologic character of the shales and the fauna show that these 

exposures are typical Hamilton rocks.

No. 1475 Dl. Exposures along Pocono Creek, just north of the 

covered bridge at Bartonsville. The dip is about 12° and the direction 25° west of north. The ledges consist of sandstones, frequently of 

irregular bedding with an approach to concretionary structure, similar 

to those along the highway below Spragueville, and a little above the 

railroad crossing, alternating with someAvhat bluish shales, and varying from 1 to 2 feet in thickness. The small concretions in the shales 

usually contain fossils. Nearly all the fossils are small forms which 

occur sparingly in the shales, more frequently on the surface of the 

sandstones, but are most common in the shaly arenaceous layers.

FAUNA OF No. 1475 Dl.

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall ........................................ (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall ................................................ (r) .

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall.................................................. (a)

Chonetes setigera Hall (?).................................................. (aa)

Part of the specimens are very near to the form of this species found iii 

the "Ithaca group" at Ithaca, N. Y.; others are in some of the charactets suggestive of C. lepida Hall, there being two rather stronger ribs 

and in one specimen five intermediate ones; while a few specimens have 

the elongated form of C. scitula Hall, but they do not have the numerous plications of that species. » 

Leda diversa Hall.......................................................... (rr)

Khynchonella stephani Hall................................................. (c)

Leiorhynchus mesacostalis Hall.............................................. (rr)

Nuculites oblongatus (Con.) Hall (?)........................................ (rr)

Distorted, but pretty surely this species. 

Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatus (Con.) Hall ........................... (rr)

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall, var. chemungeusis Hall (?), broken and

distorted specimens which closely resemble this variety................ (r)

* Actinopteria of. boydi (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Plenrotomaria sp .............-..---..---...-- -.--..--------.---- ---- ---- (rr)

Platyceras sp ..........-.-....--.. ---.----- ---.--.-- -- ---- - ---- (rr)

Spirifera sp., large impressions imperfectly preserved which may be compared

with S. mesastrialis................................................... (rr)

This fauna occurs in what was called "Chemung" by Prof. White, 

and corresponds to the exposures along the highway below Spragueville and to those above the railroad crossing.

'This exposure is mentioned by Prof. White, who says; "Just opposite the Tanite Company's 

works, a bluff of Hamilton rocks, 05 feet high, rises almost vertically from, the bed of Pocono." G6>-

* p. 271.
PBOSSER.] LEHIGH RIVER SECTION. 17

No. 1475 D 1. Hill southwest of Bartonsville, perhaps a half mile, 

is composed of coarse arenaceous shales in which fossils are very rare.

As stated by Prof. White, the greenish gray sandstones of the Starucca appear about 1 mile above Bartonsville, 1 and then sandstones and 

red shales alternate along the road until Tannersville is reached.

No. 1475 D2. The abrupt southeast side of Pocono Knob, northwest 

of Tanner sville, is composed of red, arenaceous shales, No. 4 of Prof. 

White's Pocouo Knob section.2

This shale belongs in the professor's "Cherry Ridge" group, and is 

in the upper part of his Catskill series. The arenaceous shale contains 

broken pieces of the fucoid (?) which is frequently found in the red 

arenaceous shales and sandstones of New York and Pennsylvania. 

Several specimens were seen on the tains below the brow of the knob.

No. 1475 D3. Above the shale is a conglomerate layer (White's 

lower conglomerate) followed by reddish sandstone and arenaceous 

shale, and then the upper conglomerate, which is a very massive 

stratum, containing quartz pebbles, and pebbles of the red and blackish 

shale. Prof. White reports " many fish fragments " from near the base 

of the lower conglomerate (No. 3 of the knob section);3 but they were 

not found in my hasty examination of this locality.

LEHIGH RIVER SECTION.

In connection with the sections along the Delaware, Lackawanna 

and Western Eailroad, and the Pocono Creek through Bartonsville 

and Taunersville, it is interesting to compare one, farther southwest 

along the Lehigh River through Weissport and Bowmans station.

Prof. White's geological map of Pike and Mouroe counties4 extends 

southwest of Monroe County into Carbon County and across the Lehigh 

River. Later, Arthur Winslow constructed a section from Wilkesbarre 

to the Lehigh Gap, mainly along the Lehigh River; and accompanying 

the report is a map, showing the geological formations along the line of 

the section.5

On Prof. White's map, Weissport is shown as situated mainly on an 

anticlinal of Hamilton rocks, just reaching the edge of the Geuesee; 

the Chemung being exposed still farther to the southeast. In describing the distribution of the Genesee shale, Prof. White states that one 

baud reaches the Lehigh River, a short distance above Lehighton Station on the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and another crosses the 

river just below Lehighton Station on the Lehigh Valley Railroad.6

The above description is repeated by Prof. Lesley in his final report.7

Mr. Winslow colored all of the central part of the anticlinal fold as

1(,6 p 103

' * G6. p. 315. 

» G6 , p. 316.

4 Accompanying the geology of Pike and Monroe counties. 2d Geol. Surv. Pa. G6. 

6 Ibid,, An. Rep., 1886, Pt. IV, the Lehigh River cross-section, p. 1331. 

6 G6, p. 108. 

' Sum. Desc. Geol. Penn., Vol. II., p. 1327.

Bull. 120 2
18 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YOEK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Genesee shales flanked by the Chemung and Portage. In describing 

this outcrop Mr. Winslow said: "South of Lock l^o. 7, the Genesee 

shales are exposed for over a mile to below Lock No. 9 at Weissport. 

Their fissile and broken character is well shown here; in places they 

are so black that the rock looks more like weathered coal or highly 

carbonaceous shale," l while it is further stated that " shells are numerous in the Chemung and Genesee outcrops (vin) near Weissport.2 " 

The thickness of the Genesee is given as 200 feet by Prof. White on the 

Lehigh River,3 and the Hamilton as 760 feet.4

The exposures at Lehighton and Weissport were carefully studied, 

after the Hamilton of Pike and Monroe counties, Pa., and eastern New 

York had been examined, in order to determine whether the zone called 

the Genesee of that region agreed any more closely with the Genesee of 

New York, than the beds of northeastern Pennsylvania, which had 

been referred to that stage. A highway cut, No. 1481A 1, opposite the 

bridge across the Lehigh River between Weissport and Lehighton, and 

just below the Lehighton Station of theLehhigh Valley Railroad, affords 

an excellent opportunity to study the so-called Genesee of that region. 

The exposure consists mainly of bluish to bluish-black, argillaceous 

shales, which contain fossils in considerable abundance. In lithologic character, the deposit agrees closely with the similar zone 

further to the northeast; but the fauna is not that of the Genesee 

shales but of the argillaceous Hamilton shales as will be seen by referring to the list of species; some of the most common forms being 

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill., and Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) 

Hall. A short distance up the street and under the blackish shale is a 

stratum with large numbers of Bryozoa, Crinoidal stems etc., similar 

to the zone called the " Tully limestone " on the Bushkill creeks. The 

highway cut, through this argillaceous shale was made in 1890 when 

the river bridge was built, and is just above the exposure on the 

Lehigh Valley Railroad which was described by Prof. White as the 

Genesee,5

FAUNA OF No. 1481 Al.

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. Caa)

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall ........................................ (c)

Chonetes mucronata Hall (?)...... .......................................... (a)

Hoinalonotus cle kayi (Green) Emm.......................................... (r)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall................................................... (rr)

Dalmanites (Cryphaeus) boothi (Green) Hall................................. (rr)

Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatua (Con.) Hall .......................... (rr)

'Sum. Desc. Geol. Penn., Vol. II, p. 1371.

'Ibid., p. 1385.

SG6, pp. 80, 81: On page 109 it is stated that "the thickness of the group [Genesee] seems to remain 

constant at about 200 feet, from the eastern lino of the district clear through to the Lehigh River in 

Carhon Comity.' 1

«Ibid., pp. 80, 81.

6 Gr', p. 108.
PBOS8BH.1 FOSSILS INDICATE HAMILTON AGE. 19

Macrodon hamiltonise Hall (?)....................'........................... (rr)

Strophodonta perplana (Con.) Hall (?).... °................................. (rr)

Orthis vanuxemi Hall ( ?) ................................................... (rr)

Chonetes coronata (Con.) Hall .............................................. (rr)

Rhyuchonella sappho Hall (t) .............................................. (rr)

Michelina (Pleurodictyum) stylopora (Eaton) Hall (f). The specimens are 

like Pleurodictyum problematicum Goldf. which is regarded as a Michel ina.................................................................. (rr)

Cf. Striatopora (Thamnoptychia) limbata (Eaton) Hall...................... (c)

It will be noticed that all these fossils are Hamilton species and 

there is no more reason for regarding this zone as belonging to the 

Geuesee, than the one further northeast, of which this is the southwestern continuation. Mr. Winslow was correct in regarding the 

exposures at Lehighton and Weissport as of the same geologic age, with 

some difference in lithologic character, but the fossils show that the 

geologic age is Hamilton instead of Genesee.

No. 1481 A2. Exposures in southern part first railroad cut north of 

Bowmans Station on the Lehigh Valley Bailroad. The shales are of 

blackish to bluish-black color, quite fossiliferous and somewhat slaty, 

due to the folding which has also distorted the fossils. 8pirifera 

mucronata Hall C?) and Phacops rana (Green) Hall are common fossils. 

This is the outcrop mentioned by Prof. White as " about 30 rods above 

Bowmans Station,"' which was called Genesee, in which correlation he 

was followed by Winslow and HilP and which is accepted by Prof. 

Lesley in his final report.3

FAUNA No. 1481 A2.

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill ............................................ (aa)

Chonetes ccfronata (Con.) Hall .............................................. (rr)

Chonetes mucronata Hall (?) ................................................ (a)

The specimens are nearly twice the size of the ordinary ones of this species,

and on one specimen the spines do not appear to extend parallel to the

hinge line. 

Strophodonta perplana (Con.) Hall (?)...................................... (rr)

Cyrtina hamiltoneusis Hall ................................................. (rr)

Michelina (Pleurodictyum) stylopora (Eaton) Hall .......................... (c)

Dalmanites (Cryphteus) boothi (Green) Hall................................. (r)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall ................................................. (rr)

Homalonotus de kayi (Green) Emm.......................................... (rr)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall (?).............................................. (rr)

It will be seen that, like all the other so-called " Genesee" horizons, 

the fossils show this to be of Hamilton age.

Farther north in the cut is a rather calcareous stratum which contains 

large numbers of shells, as Orthis. This is probably the same horizon

'G6, p. 108.

2An. Kep. 1886, Pt. IV, p. 1374, where it is stated that " only 125 feet of these shales [Genesee] are 

exposed on the north side of the anticlinal fault at Lock No. 14. They are quite like the shales 

which rise on each side of the anticlinal near Weissport;" and see Winslow's-cross section of this 

region.

'Sum. Desc. Geol. Penn , Vol. II, p. 1327; where is the statement that the Geneseo occurs "about 

30 rods above Bowman's.''
20 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

ns the one generally called the Tally limestone by the Pennsylvania 

geologists.

The above description of the Lehigh section shows that there is no 

more evidence in favor of the correlation of this argillaceous zone of the 

Hamilton stage with the-Genesee stage of New York than was found 

for the same zone in Pike and Monroe counties and southeastern New 

York. The fossils are not Genesee but Hamilton species, and, moreover, the lithologic characters are not those of the Genesee shale, but 

those of the black argillaceous zones of the Hamilton, as, for instance, 

the Moscow shale immediately below the Tally'limestone. After mak 

ing the long sections along the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 

Eailroad alnd Pocono Creek, the Devonian rocks were followed northeasterly through Monroe and Pike counties, Pa., and across the Delaware River into New York. Numerous shorter sections were made 

along the gorges of the various creeks, across rocks of Middle and 

Upper Devonian age. The first of these local sections is along Marshall 

Creek, the nearest creek of any size to the east of Brodhead Creek.

MARSHALLS CREEK SECTION.

No. 1476 Al. An exposure of blue, moderately arenaceous shale by 

roadside about one-half mile north of Marshalls Falls post-office, and 

only a few rods south of the entrance to Marshalls Falls. The fossils 

are common, mainly Hamilton, with a few Marcellus species, while the 

most common form is Leiorhynchus multicosta, Hall (?'). A little farther 

up the road, about opposite the house, the shales are coarser, with a 

larger number of species, and these are all Hamilton fossils.

FAUNA OK No. 1476 Al.

Leiorhynchus ruulticosta Hall (?)...........................-............... (aa)

Tho specimens are all rather small and must be compared with fig. 26, PI. 

56 (Geol. Surv. N. Y., Palaeontology, Vol. iv, Pt. l) of the above species, 

which is stated to be a young shell. There does not seem to be a specific 

difference between these and the specimens from the Marcellus shale of 

No. 1475 Bl, which are L, limitaris (Van.) Hall. 

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (a)

Modiella pygmaea (Con.) Hall .............................................. (r)

Nuculites oblongaitus Con................................................... (rr)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall................................................... (a)

Nuculites triqueter Con..................................................... (r)

Palaeoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall (?)........................................ (rr)

Specimen badly crushed and distorted. 

Grammysia coustricta 'Hall................................................. (r)

Chonetes scitula Hall (t)................................................... (c)

Chonetes lepida Hall....................................................... (r)

Chonetes mucronata Hall................................................... (rr)

Lingula sp., a broken specimen with a strong median impression, cf. L.

alveata Hall, but in proportions it is nearer L. delia Hall .............. (rr)

Orthoceras subulatum Hall(?) .............................................. (rr)

Leiopteria Itevis Hall....................................................... (rr)
FROSSER.I MARSHALLS CREEK SECTION. 21

Acfcinopteria nmricata Hall (V).............................................. (rr)

This maybe a small specimen of A. boydi (Con.) Hall, for it is broken, and

according to the descriptions these species have similar markings, but

A. boydi is a large species and this specimen is small. 

(?) Leiopteria cf. gabbi Hall ................................................ (rr)

Loxonema sp............................................................... , (rr)

No. 1476 A2. Marshalls Falls, on Marshalls Creek, one-half mile 

north of Marshalls Falls post-office. The entire exposure is apparently 

Lower Hamilton. Prof. White says, "The stream has cut a narrow 

gorge at the base of the Hamilton only 5 to 8 feet wide, through which 

it falls into a large amphitheater hollowed out of the soft Marcellus 

beds below." 1 It is true that in the blue shales below the falls fossils 

are not nearly so abundant as they are farther up the bluff, but those 

that do occur are Hamilton species. In the amphitheater below the 

falls Vitulina pustulosa Hall occurs in the shales just at the water's 

edge, and this is a well-known Hamilton species. In the fine shales of 

the bluff forming the lower portion of the falls the smaller forms of 

characteristic Hamilton fossils are quite abundant. Above the brink 

of the falls the rock is more coarsely arenaceous, and in this Spirifera 

granulifera Hall (?) and similar species occur. Prof. White says, "At 

the head of the falls numerous fossils were observed, among which were 

Spirifergranulifcrus, Grammysia bisulcata, Athyris spiriferoides, besides 

numerous crinoidal steins." l

FAUNA OF No. 1476 A2 (FROM THE EDGE OF WATKK BELOW MARSHALLS FALLS).

Vitulina pustulosa Hall .................................................... (rr)

Chonetes mucronata Hall (?) ............................................... (rr)

Rather poorly preserved specimens and not safe to identify them positively.

One specimen of a smooth impression which looks as though it might be 

a fragment of an algoid frond. Similar impressions were seen at several 

localities in the Hamilton shales of northeastern Pennsylvania.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 A2. 

Vitulina pustulosa Hall..................................................... (aa)

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (a)

Spirifera granulifera Hall (?)................................:............. (rr)

Possibly S. medialis Hall, but there is a strong furrow in the mesial fold. 

Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall ..................................... (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (c)

Dalmanites boothi (Green) Hall (?) ......................................... (r)

Choneteslepida Hall........................................................ (rr)

Chonetes deflecta Hall (?)................................................... (c)

Chonetes mucronata Hall (1)................................................ (a)

Part of the above, specimens are undoubtedly C. mucronata and thence 

they grade up to typical C. deflecta. These and specimens from other 

localities seem to prove Prof. Hall's suspicion that C. deflecta is only a 

larger form of C. mucronata (Geol. Surv. N. Y. Palaeontology, Vol. iv. 

Pt. I, p. 126).

1G«, p. 255.
22 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BOLL. 120.

Paracyclas lirata (Cou.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Nuculites triqueter Con..................................................... (rr)

Nucula bellistriata (Con.) Hall (?).......................................... (rr)

Specimen broken, but there is little doubt as to its identification. g 

Strep torhynchus chemungensis (Con.) Hall var. arctostriata (1) .............. (rr)

Strophodouta perplana (Con.) Hall ......................................... (rr)

Productella sp. possibly P. truncata Hall. The specimen is broken, but the

umbo of the dorsal valve is slightly truncate........................... (rr)

Hyolithes aclis Hall......................................................... (r)

Pholadella radiata (Con.) Hall (1) .......................................... (rr)

° Lunulicardium fragile Hall.................................................. (rr)

Palseoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rrj

Pleurotomaria sulcomarginata Con. (?)..................................... (rr)

An internal impression which closely resembles fig. 16, PI. xix of this

species (Geol. N. Y. Palaeontology, Vol. iv, Pt. i). 

Coleolus tenuicjnctum Hall (?).............................................. (rr)

Grammysia sp .............................................................. (rr)

Bryozoa.................................................................... (r)

Further up the creek were loose shales in which additional species 

of fossils were found j also some shales of somewhat different lithologic 

character containing fragments of fossil plants, which closely resemble 

Psilophyton princeps Dn.

FAUNA OF No. 1476, A2-f (UP MARSHALLS CRKEK ABOVE THE FALLS).

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (r)

Ciraitaria recurva (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Hyolithes aclis Hall......................................................... (rr)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall........................................... (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (rr)

Modiomorphamytiloides (Con.) Hall (?)..................................... (rr)

Two broken specimens which may be M. concentrica (Con.) Hall. 

Coleolus tenuicinctum Hall................................................. (rr)

Psilophyton princeps Dn. (?)................................................ (r)

The specimens are fragmentary in an arenaceous shale and possibly are 

only fern stipes. It is very difficult to identify such fragmentary remains 

of fossil plants, and on that account their evidence is of very little value. 

The custom of the older paleobotanists seems to have been very generally to describe such remains, when from different localities or formations, as new species. In this way the list of so-called species of fossil 

plants has attained great dimensions, the number of which is being most 

industriously increased by some students of paleobotany.

No. 1476 A7. By the roadside above the Yedder schoolhouse, rather 

coarse arenaceous shales which correspond to the typical, moderately 

coarse, arenaceous Hamilton shales of Hamilton, N. Y., and contain 

plenty of fossils.

FAUNA No. 1476 A7 (ALONG THE HIGHWAY ABOVE MARSHALLS FALLS).

Palieoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (r)

Another specimen, which is broken, is quite elongate and resembles somewhat P. plana Hall. 

Leda diversa Hall .......................................................... (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)
MARSHALLS CREEK SECTION. 23

Nucula corbuliforrnis Hall .................................................. (r)

Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatus (Con.) Hall .......................... (rr)

Anibocoelia uinbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Atrypareticularis (Linne") Dalm. ............................................. (rr)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall........................................... (rr)

Spirifera granulifera Hall (?)............................................... (c)

Specimens not well preserved and scarcely any indication of the granules.

Spirifera medialis Hall (?)...:.............................................. (r)

Granimysia bisulcata (Con.) Hall ........................................... (rr)

Prothyris planulata Hall.................................................... (rr)

Phthonia sectifrons (Con.) Hall............................................. (rr)

Nuculites cuneiformis Con. (?) .............................................. (rr)

Pholadella radiata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Leiopteria bigsbyi Hall (?).................................................. (r)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Modiomorpha sp., possibly M subalata (Con.) Hall .........:................ (rr)

Homalonotus de kayi (Green) Emm.......................................... (rr(

Hyolithes aclis Hall ........................................................ (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (rr)

Dalmanites boothi (Green) Hall............................................. (r)

Chonetes lepidaHall........................................................ (rr)

Orthoceras nuntium Hall (?)................................................ (rr)

Orthoceras sp. .............................................................. (rr)

Rhynchonella sp. ........................................................... (rr)

Pleurotomaria sp............................................................ (rr)

Cyclouema sp............................................................... (rr)

Discina sp. ................................................................. (rr)

Strophodonta iuequistriata (Con.) Hall...................................... (rr)

A ratlier large specimen," but there are strong striae, with intermediate

finer ones, and it is near fig. 2 f, PI. xvni (Geol. N. Y., Palaeontology,

Vol. iv, Pt. I).

No. 1476 A6. High ledges on hill east of Marshalls Creek and southeast of Miller's shop. The outcrop consists of rather coarse arenaceous 

bluish shales in which fossils are quite common.

FAUNA OF No. .1476 A6.

Leiorhynchus nieaacostalis Hall (?).......................................... (c)

Possibly these specimens areL. globuliforinis (Van.) Hall and they should

be compared with specimens from Kattle Hill, in the Chenango River

Valley, Broome County, N. Y. 

Spirifera mesastrialis Hall................................................... (rr)

Spirifera mcsacostalis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.).............................................. (r)

Chonetes lepida Hall...................................... ... .............. (c)

Chonetes setigera Hall...................................................... (r)

Orthis impressa Hall (?).................................................... (rr)

Actinopteria cf. zeta Hall ................................................... (rr)

Actinopteria sp............................................................. (rr)

(?) Cladochonus sp ......................................................... (r)

Prof. White, in describing the Chemung beds of Middle Smithfield 

Township, states that they are uncovered "in the vicinity of Miller's 

sawmill, where the creek makes a fall of 8 feet over them, and great
24 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YOKK DEVONIAN. [BOLL. 120.

cliffs of the same are seen near the crest of the hill just below."' The 

exposure mentioned as "the crest of the hill'7 is evidently station 1476 

A6; but it is an outcrop of moderately coarse arenaceous Hamilton 

shale, rather than of the so-called Chemung.

No. 1476 A5. Ledges by the side of Marshalls Creek at H. Miller's 

house and shop, also a ledge forming a fall in the creek. Bluish arenaceous shale containing some fossils.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 A5.

Leiorhynchus inesacostalis Hall............................................. (c)

Some of the specimens show from two to four less prominent plications ou

each side of the mesial fold and sinus. 

Spirifera mesastrialis Hall...... ............................................ (r)

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall (1).......................................... .... (c).

Some of the specimens resemble quite closely S. mucronata (Con.) Bill, and

should be compared with the variety of this species from Chenaugo, N.

Y., figured by Prof. H. S. Williams (Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. I, PI. XH,

fig. 13. 

Palseoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall......................................$......... (r)

(?) Palseoneilo tenuistriata Hall............................................. (r)

Shell badly broken and identification doubtful. 

Chonetes sp................................................................. (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (rr)

This is the locality mentioned by Prof. White as u the fall of 8 feet" 

which was cited above.

No. 1476 A4. Ledges of bluish, arenaceous shale by roadside only a 

short distance south of Dead Mans Eun, where the road forks not far 

above Miller's shop. The shales split up into thin layers and fossils 

are quite common.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 A4.

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall................................................ (c)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Spirifera sp., probably S. mesastrialis Hall, but the specimens show scarcely

any indications of fine striae ou the large plications.................... (a)

Leiorhynchus mesacostalis Hall............................................. (rr)

Atrypa reticularis (LinmS) Dalm............................................. (rr)

Chonetes setigera Hall.......................... ,......._................... (c)

Ehynchonella cf. stephani Hall ............................................. (rr)

Palseoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall var. chemungensis Hall (?)...'........... (c)

Two of the specimens .are larger than those figured by Prof. Hall, yet they

seem to have the proportions of the variety rather than those of the

species. 

Palseoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall (?) ...~................................... (rr)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (c)

Grammysia sp.............................................................. (rr)

Leptodesmasp.............................................................. (rr)

Pleurotomaria sp............................................................ (rr)

1 G", p. 230.
PROSSEB.] SECTIONS OF THE BUSHKILL CREEKS. 25

No. 1476 A3. At this poiut the lowest reds cross the road and run, 

and the ledge shows distinctly for some distance to the west. The red 

shale, which according to Prof. White is the New Milford red shale, 

has a thickness of about 56 feet as exposed in the road. 1

A short distance farther north, on the western side of the road, is a 

ledge of bluish-gray sandstone, which has been worked to some extent 

for flagging stone. This is the J. Chamber's quarry, which is about 4 

miles up Marshalls Creek from the post-office, and which was described 

by Prof. White and referred to the horizon of the Delaware flags. 1

The sandstone is dipping 27° to the north, 20° to 25° west. No fossils were found except some fragments of plant stems.

SECTIONS OF THE BUSHKILL CREEKS.

No. 1476 Cl. Exposures in Saw Creek or Middle Bushkill, at 

Winona Falls. Most of the rock is a bluish arenaceous shale in which 

fossils are rare; but by the turn in the path opposite the third cascade, 

counting from the upper one down the stream, is a thin breccia-like 

layer in which fossils are abundant, and a few may be found in the 

blue, rather argillaceous shales inclosing the fossiliferous layer. The 

rocks about the Winona cascades are in Prof. White's Chemung.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 Cl.

Leiorhynchus mesacostalis Hall............................................. (rr)

Rhynchonella cf. stephani Hall.............................................. (rr)

Chonetes lepida Hall ... 1................. .................................. (r)

Chonetes scitula Hall (?).................................................... (rr)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall............................................... (c)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall ...................... ............................ (rr)

Tentaculites cf. beliulus Hall ................................................ (rr)

Pleurotoinaria sp........................................................... (rr)

(?) Modiomorpha sp...:.................................................... (rr)

Crinoid stems.

Spirifera sp................................................................. (a)

Large specimens, with coarse, angular ribs, deep sinus, broad fold, no 

pustules, and scarcely any indication of fine secondary striie. Owing 

to the imperfect preservation of the finer surface markings it is difficult to identify these specimens specifically.

No. 1476 02. Along the bluffs of Saw Creek, from the first falls 

below Winona to the second, are bluish, argillaceous shales in which 

some fossils occur. At places are layers containing large numbers of 

Leiorkynchus multicosta Hall.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 C2.

Chonetes scitula Hall....................................................... (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill...... ....................................... (r)

Leiorhynchus multicosta Hall...........:................................... (c)

Some of the specimens approach L. mesacostalis Hall in absence of 

plications and form.

" G«, p. 231.
26 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)

Pholadella radiata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Microdon sp................................................................ (rr)

Surface markings, so far as preserved, near M. gregarius Hall; but the

proportions of the shell are nearer M. bellistriatus (Con.) Hall. 

(?) Leptodesma ep.......................................................... (rr)

Crinoid, stem, calyx, and arms, but poorly preserved ........................ (rr)

No. 1476 03. Lower falls in Saw Oreek over sandstones. This was 

called the base of the Genesee by Prof. White. In places it is quite 

calcareous and contains numerous fossils, Orthis vanuxemi Hall and 

others.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 C3.

Orthis vanuxerni Hall ........................................................ (c)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.......................'........................... (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (r)

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Strophodonta inequistriata (Con.) Hall...................................... (a)

Strophodonta perplana (Con.) Hall (?)....................................... (rr)

Chonetes coronata (Con.) Hall (^)........................................... (rr)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall........................................... (rr)

Prothyris lanceolata Hall................................................... (rr)

Bellerophon leda Hall (t)..................................................... (rr)

Small specimen, but with the markings of this species.

(?) Stictopora sp............................................................ (rr)

Prof. White presents a section of these falls under the heading of 

the "Middle Bushkill Falls section," 1 and gives 50 feet of Genesee 

slate, then 15 feet of dark, hard sandstone, which forms the falls and 

which is stated to be "the lowermost portion of the Genesee."

No. 1476 04. Just under the falls is a stratum of rock which is 

largely composed of corals and Syringopora, and which reminds one 

somewhat of the crinoidal limestone of the New York Hamilton. The 

stratum comes up to the base of the sandstone above, and then stops, 

being exposed only on.the eastern bank below the falls. This layer 

forms No. 3 of Prof. White's section, 1 and he states that it "marks the 

dividing line between the Genesee and the Hamilton proper. The whole 

30 feet is one mass of corals, penetrating in every direction the dark 

bluish matrix. Many of the corals have been dissolved and leave the 

surface of the inclosing rock honeycombed and pitted in every manner 

conceivable. The species are very numerous and the individuals simply countless. This stratum doubtless marks the horizon of the Tally 

limestone of New York."

In the chapter on the "Description of the geological formations," 

under the heading of the "Tully limestone horizon," this locality is 

mentioned and the statement made that "probably the best exposure 

is at the falls of Middle Bushkill, 1£ miles above its junction with the 

Big Bushkill. Here it is a perfect mass of corals and shells for about 

30 feet, a great number of species and genera being represented, among

1 GG , p. 213.
GROSSER.] SECTIONS OF THE BUSHKILL CREEKS. 27

whicli the following were recognized: Zaphrentis Rajinesquii, Z gigantea, 

Meliophyllum Halli, together with several species of Syringopora, and 

other forms that I could not determine. This is by far the richest coral 

horizon in the district, being, in fact, a regular fossil reef. The calcareous portions of the coral stems have often been removed by solution, and then the matrix (usually a dark-gray calcareous shale) is penetrated by small branching cavities extending in every direction, thus 

giving it a honeycombed appearance." 1

FAUNA ov No. 1476 C4. 

Favosites hamiltonise Hall.................................................. (c)

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall...... ...... .............................. (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill ............................................. (rr)

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Cypricardinia indeuta (Con.) Hall .......................................... (rr)

Cyathophylloid corals, at least three species are abundant, permeating the rock

in nearly every direction.............................................. (a)

No. 1476 05. This exposure is by the side of the new road on the 

northern side of the Big Bushkill, which extends westerly from Bushkill and intersects the north and south road which crosses the Big 

Bushkill and Saw.Creeks. There are fissile grayish to dark blue shales 

in the cuts along this road, especially at the foot of the steep hill 

not far east of its junction with the north and south road; also at the 

eastern end, where the road turns down from the hill before crossing the 

Little Bushkill. All of them contain some fossils, Leiorhynchus limitaris 

(Van.) Hall being the most abundant. These shales are pretty clearly 

of Marcellus age.

FAUNA OK No. 1476 C5.

Leiorhynclms limitaris (Van.) Hall .......................................... (aa)

Luuulicardium fragile Hall................................................. (rr)

FAUNA OK No. 1476 C5-f (GRAYISH SHALES A LITTLK NORTHWEST OF THK HLUJSH

SHAI,KS. 

Leiorhynchus limitaris (Van.) Hall...................... .................... (c)

Actinopteria muricata Hall ................................................. (rr)

Goniatites sp ............................................................... (rr)

No. 1476 Bl. Bluish sandstones and shales in highway and by the 

side of Little Bushkill, where the highway crosses the creek above the 

falls, 3 miles north of Bushkill. The dip is from 14° to 16° to the north 

about 20° west. No fossils were found. Some of the ledges are rather 

grayish, split into thin layers, and somewhat resemble portions of the 

Starucca sandstone series. However, it is probably somewhat lower 

and in the so-called Chemung, as colored on the geological map of Pike 

and Monroe counties.

No. 1476 B2. Upper portion of the blue arenaceous shales at Bushkill Falls, in the Little Bushkill Creek. Fossils are not very abundant 

in these shales.

'G6 ., p. 109.
28 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL.ISO.

FAUNA ov No. 1476 B2.

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................... (r)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (r)

Nucula lirata (Con.) Hall(?) ............................................... (rr)

A small and imperfect specimen which agrees most closely with the

above species. 

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Hall .............................................. (rr)

Nucleospira concinnaHall. ................................................... (rr)

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall (?)........................................

Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatus (Con.) Hall........................... (r)

Ortliis vanuxemi Hall (?) or Orthis leucosia Hall (?)......................... (r)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall .................................................. (rr)

Cypricardiuia indeuta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Actinopteria decussata Hall (1).............................................. (rr)

Palseoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall ........................................... (rr)

(?) Bellerophon sp .......................................................... (rr)

The rocks along the channel of the creek above these falls are called 

Genesee shales by Prof. White; but at the brink of the falls the professor states that the creek has cut down to the Hamilton sandstone, 

when it descends 75 feet vertically, and then passing out through a 

narrow channel descends another 50 feet. 1

No. 1476 B3. From the ledges along the side of the path below the 

lower falls. Here the shales are more argillaceous than those along the 

path by the upper falls, and fossils are more common.

FAUNA OF No. 1426 B3.

Atrypa reticularis (Linne") Dalm ............................................ (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall .............................................. .... (r)

Dalmauites (Cryphteus) boothi (Green) Hall............:.................... (rr)

Chonetes lepida Hall........................................................ (rr)

Chonetes mucronata Hall.................................................... (rr)

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall............................................ (rr)

Nucleospira concinna Hall C?)............................................... (rr)

Nuculites oblongatus (Con.) Hall ............................................ (rr)

Palseoneilo coustricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Palaeoneilo muta Hall....................................................... (rr)

Nucula lirata (Con.) Hall..............................._..__................. (rr)

Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall ...................................... (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill (t) .......................................... (rr)

Pleurotomaria sp............................................................ (rr)

Orthoceras s^................................^.. ............................. (rr)

No. 1476 B4. A prominent ledge of rocks south of the road, 1^ miles 

up the falls road from Bushkill, and opposite sign board " one-half mile 

to Bushkill Falls." The rocks are moderately coarse arenaceous shales. 

Fossils are not very common, trilobites being the most abundant. It 

seems rather remarkable that Prof. White, when describing the Hamilton sandstones, should state: "Not a single specimen of a trilobite 

was observed in all this thickness of rock, at the many localities where

1 G6, p. 212.
PBQBSEB.] SECTIONS NEAR DINGMANS. 29

it is exposed for observation within the district;" 1 and the statement 

is repeated by Prof. Lesley in the final report.2

It will be seen from the lists of identified fossils reported in this 

paper, that trilobites are not of nncommon occurrence, but on the contrary appear to be about as abundant as in the Hamilton rocks of central and western New York.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 B4.

Phacops rana (Green) Hall ................................................. (aa)

Pabeoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall .......................................... (r)

Tollinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall...................................... (rr)

Pleurotomaria capillaria Con ...............................................' (rr)

Crthoceras sp .............................................................. (r)

No. 1476 B5. Bluish arenaceous shales near the summit of Prickly 

Pear Hill, west of Bushkill. Only a few specimens of Nucula corbuliformis Hall were found.

No. 1476 B6. At the foot o Jiin, which is 350 feet lower than B5, 

a small exposure of bluish-bla /ie was found in which X/unuUcardium fragile Hall occurs, but ". h exposure is not so good as that along 

the highway at the foot of the hill farther west.

SECTIONS NEAR DINGMANS, PIKE COUNTY, PA.

No. 1476 El. Exposures in Hornbecks Creek, at the foot of Indian 

Ladder Falls, 2£ miles south of Dingmans. The rocks are the blue 

arenaceous moderately coarse shales of the Hamilton. Fossils are not 

common. In the bed of the creek are loose blocks of a coarse-grained, 

somewhat calcareous rock in which fossils are abundant. They are 

washed down from above and are probably from the calcareous 

horizon called Tully by Prof. White. Higher up the cliff the fossils 

are rather more abundant.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 El.

Spirifera granulifera Hall................................................... (r)

Tropidoleptus carinatns (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)

Platyceras sp............................................................... (rr)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall........................................... (rr)

Spirifera medialis Hall (?)................................................... (r)

Modiomorplia concentrica (Con.) Hall....................................... (rr)

Goniophora, hamiltonensis (Hall) Mill....................................... (rr)

Palfeoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall............................................ (r)

Nuculites oblongatus Con. (?)----.......................................... (rr)

Homalonotus de kayi (Green) Emm.......................................... (rr)

Paracyclaa lirata (Con.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Coleolus tenuicinctum Hall................................................. (rr)

(?) Murchisonia sp.......................................................... (rr)

'GG . p. 112. ' 

» A Summary Uesc. of the Geol, of Venn., Vol. II, 1892, p. 1249.
30 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [Buu,l20.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 E (FROM LOOSE BLOCKS IN HORNBECK CREEK, BELOW INDIAN

LADDER FALLS).

Strophomena perplana (Con.) Hall.......................................... (rr)

Chonetes coronata (Con.) Hall (?).......................,................... (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)

Rbynchonella cf. prolificaHall.................".........,.........__........ (rr)

Spirifera sp., cf. S. medialis Hall and S. granulifera Hall.................... (c)

No. 1476 E2. Farther up the creek, above all the high cascades and 

where only small ones exist, are blue, somewhat argillaceous shales of 

irregular cleavage, similar to the finely arenaceous shales of New York, 

in which fossils are commou.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 E2.

Palasoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall.................................. ..........' (a)

Cypricardinia indenta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Macrodon haniiltoniaj Hall.................................................. (rr)

Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall....................................... (r)

Orthonota undulata Con .................................................... (rr)

Modiomorpha niytiloides (Con.) Hall........................................ (rr)

Nncula corbuliformis Hall..................»................................ - (rr)

Grarumysia constricta Hall.................................................. (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (rr)

Amboccelia unibonata (Con.) Hall............................................ (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (rr)

Hyolithes aclis Hall......................................................... (rr)

No. 1476 HI. Dingmans, Delaware Township, Pike County, Pa. 

First rapids in Dingmans Creek, just above the first house and an old 

mill after turning up the High Falls road, one-half mile from Dingmans. The rock is a bluish, somewhat argillaceous shale, which closely 

resembles the New York undisturbed layers of similar shale. The dip 

is not great and the cleavage planes, which in this region generally 

split the rocks at nearly right angles to the bedding and fossils, are not 

marked. Leiorhynchus multicosta Hall is the most common fossil, but 

there are species of the smaller lamellibranchs which correlate the 

exposure with the Hamilton.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 HI.

Leiorliynchus multicosta Hall............................................... (a)

Nuculites triqueter Con..................................................... (rr)

Prothyris sp. (?)............................................................ (rr)

Differs from any of the species figured by Prof. Hall.

Modiella pygmsea (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Nucula lirata (Con.) Hall................................................... (rr)

Actiuopteria subdecussata Hall (?)........................................-. (rr)

Goniatites sp.............................-.......-...--..-.-----.---.------ (rr)

No. 1476 H2. The Silver Thread Falls, in a branch that enters 

Dingmans Creek from the east, have cut down through the thin Hamilton shales along the lines of joints. The line of jointing is 20° north 

of east and the dip is not great. Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall and 

Rhynchonella sp. were found at this locality.
DEER LEAP, AND FULMER FALLS. 31

No. 1476 H3. Cliffs along the side and at the top of Deer Leap Falls, 

of bluish, arenaceous shales, in places approaching a sandstone. Fossils are rather sparingly distributed through the shales, but in certain 

layers are numerous aviculoid Lamellibrauch shells, especially in a 

layer at the top of the falls. The rock as it splits up is of irregular 

surface on the under side and above this surface are numerous shells 

which have the appearance of being somewhat worn, as though they 

had possibly been washed along the beach for some. time. Some of the 

specimens are in the center of the layers of rock, but more are on the 

under side, as just described. This locality is mentioned by Prof. 

White, who says: "Just above [one-fourth mile] the crossing of the 

old State road is the Deer Lick Falls, where the stream takes a plunge 

of 40. feet over a cliff of Chemung sandstone whose top is 750 feet A. T." 1

FAUNA OF No. 1476 H3.

Paracyclas lirata(Con.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Leda diversa Hall.......................................................... (rr)

Palteoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall, variety (?), specimen poorly preserved 

and identification doubtful ............................................... (rr)

Actiuopteria boydi (Con.) Hall ............................................. (c)

Actinopteria, cf. epsilou Hall............................................... (r)

Paleeoneilo plaua Hall or P. maxima (Con.) Hall............................. (rr)

Specimen broken so that it is difficult to decide to which of the above species it belongs. 

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall, var. chemungensis Hall (?)............ (rr)

Grammysia sp............................................................. (rr)

No, 1476 H4. The cliffs of Fulmer Falls are composed of blue, moderately arenaceous shales, which split up into rather thin layers, in 

some of which fossils are abundant, a large number of specimens of a 

few species, principally Lamellibranchs, having been secured.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 H4.

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Haill................................................ (aa)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (c)

Leiorhynchus mesacostalis Hall............................................. (aa)

Chouetes lepida Hall........................................................ (r)

Chonetes scitula Hall.........'.............................................. (r)

Chonetes setigera Hall...................................................... (c)

Spirifera mesacostalis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Spirifera mesastrialis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Microdon (Cypricardella) bell istriatus (Con.) Hall........................... (rr)

Microdon (Cypricardella) gregarius Hall.................................... (a)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall...............................'..................... (rr)

Hyolithes aclis H.ill (?)..................................................... (rr)

Palaioneilo fllosa(Con.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Leda diversa Hall.......................................................... (rr)

Nuculites cuneiformis Con .................................................. (rr)

Palseoneilo cf. .plana Hall................................................... (rr)

But the specimens are larger than those of this species and possibly they

are P. maxima (Con.) Hall, although the proportions are not those of

typical specimens of this species.

1 G 6 , p. 207.
32 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall var. chemungensis Hall (?)............... \c)

The specimens are not typical of the above species, but part of them are

considerably shorter and resemble the M. quadrula Hall. 

Palseoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall ..:..............................."!...... ^rr)

Goniophora cf. carinata (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)

Palaeoneilo filosa (Con.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (c)

No. 1476 H5. At about the middle of the upper cascade (Factory 

Falls) above the old woolen mill, is an irregular, concretionary layer, 

similar to those seen in Otsego County, N. Y. These concretions lie on 

the surface near the mill. Above the lower (Fulmer) falls is quite a 

thick sandstone, which is exposed on the surface in blocks and forms 

that falls. Prof. White described these falls and the formations as follows: "Just below Fulmerville, the Fulmer Falls of Din gmans Creek 

occur near the old woolen mill. The stream descends in a cataract 

from 890 feet A. T. to 850 feet, and then leaps from a narrow platform 

of sandstone through dark shaly rocks perpendicularly to 800 feet 

A. T.

"Chemung fossils occur in the dark shales, but none are seen in the 

more massive bluish-gray sand rocks above; so that this is near the 

limit of the Chemuug; for on above the upper falls 50 feet there is 

seen the base of a massive grayish-green current-bedded sandstone 

which is in the Catskill." l

FAUNA OF No. 1476 H5.

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Modioiuorpha mytiloides (Con.) Hall........................................ (rr)

Nucula corbuliforinis Hall (^).............................................. (IT)

Prothyris lanceolata Hall................................................... (rr)

Phthouia sectifrons (Con.) Hall............................................. (rr)

Spirifera mesastrialis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Chonetes scitula Hall ( 1)................................................... (rr)

Loxonema harniltonise Hall (? )............................................. (rr)

No. 1476 H6. Opposite the old woolen mill in a block of the compact arenaceous shale which has fallen down from the stratum just 

below the crest of the upper falls, are some fossils, as Paracyclas lirata 

(Con.) Hall, and other species. This stratum is immediately above the 

concretionary stratum, 1476 H5.

No. 1476 H7. South of the creek and above the old village is a ledge 

of grayish coarse-grained sandstone, which at that time was referred 

to the Catskill2 by Prof. White, who says: "On above the upper falls 

50 feet there is seen the base of a massive grayish-green current-bedded 

sandstone, which is in the Catskill; it makes a cliff along the hills."1

No. 1476 Dl. Exposures of shale along Adams Creek, north of 

Dingmans and below Mr. Mulford's house. Blue argillaceous shale, in 

which fossils are common at intervals.

'G6 , p. 207.

2Prof. White would now correlate this sandstone with the upper Cheraung, as was, stated on pago IS 

IB reference to the same formation near Spragueville, Moiiroe County.
PROSSER.] SECTIONS NEAR MILEOED. 33

FAUNA OP No. 1476 Dt.

Modioraorpha mytiloides (Con.) Hall........................................ (rr)

(?) Glossites cf. subteuuis Hall.............................................. (rr)

Nuculites trigueter (Con.) Hall.... ......................................... (rr)

Tellinopsis subemargiuata (Cou.) Hall...................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (r)

Ortliis vanuxemi Hall....................................................... (rr)

Rhynchonella cf. congregata (Con.) Hall...........:........................ (r)

Chonetes setigera Hall...................................................... (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall.-.. ..........:......................... (rr)

One specimen is a young shell.

Coleolus tenuicinctum Hall.................................................. (rr)

Macrodon hamiltouife Hall (?)............................................... -(IT)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall*................................................. (rr)

Modiomorpha cf. small specimens of M. alta (Cou.) Hall, possibly young

shells of M. mytiloides (Con.) Hall...................................... (rr)

Orthoceras crotalum Hall................................................... (rr)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (c)

(?) Grammysia sp., possibly young of G. constricta Hall .................... (rr)

Pleurotomaria sp........................................................... (rr)

SECTIONS NEAR M1LFORD, PIKE COUNTY, PA.

Iii the bed of Raymondskill Creek, 3 miles southwest of Milford, 

above the "Bridal Veil Falls" and below the High Falls, are coarse 

arenaceous Hamilton shales, some layers of which approach thin 

sandstones. The rocks have a dip of 16°, 20°, to 25° west of north 

and a cleavage of 45° to 50° to the southeast. The coral bed, "Tally 

limestone horizon," is stated to occur at the head of Raymondskill 

Falls, 1 but it seems to me that it must be farther up the creek, for the 

coarse, arenaceous shales and thin, sandstones continue up the creek 

some distance above the falls, and in other localities the " coral bed" 

is near their top. The steep walls of the canyon and the high water 

did not permit a sufficiently careful examination to determine this 

point.

After crossing the bridge one-fourth of a mile above the "High 

Falls," at the summit of the first rise is an exposure of more argillaceous shales, resembling the Genesee shale of Prof. White. The dip is 

16°+ about 25° west of north.

At the next small rise in the road, going west, No. 1476 G3, is an 

outcrop of rather coarse arenaceous shale in which was a beautiful 

specimen of. Spiropliyion velum (Van.) Hall. This locality is near the 

Lareaux house and old brewery, and not far east of the Lareaux 

schoolhouse mentioned by Prof. White. 2

No. 1476 Gl. On the Chucktowu road, about 3 miles from the Delaware River and just west of the house of Mrs. D. M. Case, is a rather 

prominent ledge of greenish gray coarse-grained sandstone. This is 

stated by Prof. White to be "the base of the- Catskill" (probably

2 G6 , p. 202.

Bull. 12C
34 PENNSYLVANfA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Starucca sandstone, which was later called Upper Chemung), "and a 

few feet below it the bluish-gray fossiliferous shales and sandstones of 

the Chemimg make their appearance." 1

No. 1476 G2. The bluish, arenaceous shales below the coarse sandstone contain a moderate fauna, and specimens were collected from 

small ledges on the low hill north of Mrs. Case's, as well as from a similar 

hill ou the opposite side of the road, southeast of the house. No considerable number of fossils were obtained, but several specimens of a 

few species such as were usually seen just before the driving out of the 

fauna by the invasion of the gray sandstones and later red shale. A 

few good specimens were obtained from some riprap in the road, the exact 

locality of which was not learned, except that they came from one of 

the fields in that vicinity.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 G2. 

Orthonota (?) parvulaHall........................................:......... (aa)

Many of the specimens are quite small, as "well aa those of-other species, 

showing that the conditions were becoming unfavorable for marine life.. 

This species is very abundant on one slab from this locality. 

Nuculites oblongatus Con ........................... ........................ (c)

Palseoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall.......................................... (rr)

Nuculites cuneiformis Con .................................................. (c)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall.................................................... (aa)

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall var. chemungeusis Hall (?)............... (IT)

Actiiiopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (r)

Loptodesma rogersi Hall or L. sociale Hall................................... (rr)

Specimen broken and these two species are apparently closely related. 

Rhynchonella sp ............................................................ (rr)

Specimen broken, but apparently of the R. eximia Hall type. 

Spirifera sp.................................................................. (rr)

SECTION OF THE SAWKILL CREEK, BETWEEN MILFORD AND DINGMAN TOWNSHIPS,

NEAR MILFORD.

No. 147G Fl. Bridal Veil Cascades inSawkill Creek below the rustic 

bridge. The exposures consist of bluish, argillaceous, and coarse arenaceous shales, running into thin sandstones, in which specimens of 

Tropidoleptus carniatus (Con.) Hall are abundant. The dip at the foot 

of the Bridal Veil, and also on the creek below the bridge, is about 14°,

FAUNA OF No. 1476 Fl. 

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (a)

Pakeoneilo"emarginata (Con.) Hall (?)..................-..................... (rr)

Nuculites triqueter Con...................................................... (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (rr)

No. 1476 F2. Above the Sawkill Falls and at nearly the last bed 

rock in the creek are bluish, rather coarse argillaceous shales, which 

contain many small Lamellibranchs of the Hamilton fauna. On the 

western side of the creek is a slight excavation, evidently the beginning of a quarry, in which some bluish sandstone appears, with bluish 

shales below. The locality is about one-fourth of a mile below the pike

1 G8, ]). 204. In reference to the correlation of the Starucca sandstone see Prosser in Am. Jour. 

Sci., ril scr., Vol. XLIV. jip. 218, 219.
PROSSBR.] SECTIONS NEAR MILFORD. 35

bridge, and the sandstone is probably in Prof. White's Chemung, while 

the shales are from the top of his Genesee. The sandstone is similar 

to the blue flags of the Hudson Biver region above Kingston, though 

not so well developed.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 F2.

Tcllinopsis subomarginata (Con.) Hall ...................................... (a)

Very good and characteristic specimens of this species. 

Nuculites oblongatus (Con.) ................................................ (r)

Palreonoilo constricta (Con.) Hall................................ ............ (c)

Some of the specimens have identically the same form as those from tho 

Cayuga Lake region of New York, so there is not the least doubt in reference to the specific identification. 

Pa'lieoncilo muta Hall....................................................... (rr)

Nuculites triqucter Con .................................................... (c)

Leda diversa Hall........................................................... (rr)

Leda rostellata (Con.) Hall ................................................. (rr)

Or thouota carinata Con..................................................... (rr)

Prothyris lanceolataHall. .................................................. (rr)

Prothyris planulata Hall (?)................................................ (rr)

Pholadella radiata (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Nucula corbuliforniis Hall................................................... (a)

Probably the most abundant species of this fauna, and good typical

specimens of the species. 

Goniophora carinata (Con.) Hall (?)..-...................................... (rr)

Modiellapygm;:ea(Con.) Hall.. ................e-............................. (rr)

Modiomorpha mytiloides (Con.) Hall......................................... (c)

Grammysia lirata Hall (?), .................................................. (r)

Orthonota (?) parvula Hall. ................................................. (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (c)

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Bill.............................................. (r)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall........................................... (rr)

Spirifera granulifera Hall (I)................................................ (rr)

Part of a large shell showing granules on the large plications. 

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall......................................... (rr)

Amboccelia umbonata (Con.) Hall......................... ....... ............ (rr)

Chonetes mncronata Hall ................................................... (c)

Hyolithes aclis Hall......................................................... (c)

Coloolua teuuicinctum Hall............. \..... ........................ ...... (rr)

Loxonorna delphicola Hall (^).............................................. (rr)

Pleurotomaria itys Hall (?)................................................. (c)

In the imperfect condition of these specimens it is difficult to distinguish 

between the above species and P. capillaria Con., but the number and 

character of the revolving striie agree more nearly witb P. itys Hall. 

Belleropbon leda Hall...................................................... (rr)

Dalmanites (Cryphteus) boothi (Green) Hall, possibly the variety calliteles

Green................................................................. (rr)

Cyclonema hamiltoninc Hall (?)............................................. (rr)

Bellerophon brevilineatus Con. (?)............r............................. (rr)

C ?) Sphenotus cf. cnneatns (Con.) Hall...................................... (rr)

(?) Leiopteria or Leptodesma, not well enough preserved in order to decide

which genus. 

Orthoceras ep............................................................... (r)

Criuoid stems, small. 

Spiropliyton sp. 

Fragments of fossil plants.
36 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YOKK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120

The outcrop from which the above list of fossils was obtained is on e 

of the typical exposures of the zone which was referred by Prof. White 

to the Genesee shale. The upper part of this gorge of the Sawkill 

which "rapidly excavates a long narrow canyon out of the Genesee 

shale," l is one of the best localities in the zone for collecting fossils. A 

table showing the geologic range of most of the species in the above 

list has been prepared, and this shows that only one species of the 

above list, Ambocodia umbonata (Con.) Hall, has been reported from the 

Genesee shale of New York, while, with one exception, every species 

is credited to the Hamilton.

Fauna of No. 1476 FS, ttv'//t table of geologic range.

Number ofspecies.

1

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27

28 

29 

30 

31 

32

List of species.

Dalmanites (Crypha:us) boothi (Green) Hall; 

possibly the var. calliteles Green .... ........

Abundance.

r

rr

Geologic stage. *

Oriskany.

X

Schoharie grit.

X

| Helderberjr. "Upper 

X

X

X

!

Marcellus shale.

7

X 

X

X

X

a

o

aaw

v

Y

X 

X

x

Tully limestone.

X

X 1....

X I X

X

X

y

X

v

X

v

X

Genesee slialc.

:::

X

X

X

....

to

1

0 

P-H

Ithaca.

1

tic

1

a

X

V

*

X X

X

1

X

* The data used in showing tho geologic range of the species in the above list are derived principally from the various works of Professors Hall, H. S. Williams, and Clarko, and the distribution is 

ronfmc.d mainly to New York. Tho reported occurrence of certain species farther south along tho 

line of the Appalachians is intentionally left out of consideration, until further investigation shall 

enable us to compare their strati graphic position and faunas more carefully with the New York 

scries. Consequently the range of each species is based upon references concerning the reliability of 

which there is believed to be no question, or upon data that are personally known to be accurate. 

This is a principle that is frequently ignored in the preparation of large tables of distribution and 

range of species.

'Prof. White, G6 , p. 199. '
PIIOSSEK.] SECTIONS NEAR MILFORD. 37

No. 1476 F3. Cliff of bluish argillaceous shale 011 east batik of 

creek above the Sawkill Falls. The shales split up into thin pieces 

are fine-grained and like those of the characteristic Hamilton. The 

fossils are common, mostly small Lamellibrauchs, and in the horizon 

of Prof. White's G-eoesee shale.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 F3.

Palfeoneilo cpnstricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Mocliella pygnuea (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Naculites oblongatus Cou................................................... (rr)

Tellinopsis subemarginuta (Con.) Hall...................................... (c)

Nucula lirata (Con.) Hall (?)............................................... (rr)

A small and probably young shell.

Grammysia sp....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ................................ (rr)

Aniboccolia umbouata (Con.) Hall........................................... (r)

(?) Psilophyton princeps Dn ................................................ (rr)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (rr)

Chonctes mucronata Hall................................................... (rr)

Cbouetes setigera Hall...................................................... (rr)

Loxonema hamiltoniaj Hall (?).............................................. (rr)

Dalmauites (Cryplueus) booth! (Green) Hall................................. (rr)

Pleurofcomaria sp ........................................................... (rr)

C.f. Eugaster logani Hall.................................................... (rr)

No. 1476 F4. Exposures in the creek, under the cliff of F3, and 

above the cascade which is a little higher than the brink of Sawkill 

Fulls. These shales are rather coarser and somewhat more arenaceous 

than those a little higher up the bluff, but fossils are still common.

Along the eastern side of the canyon, 15 to 20 feet and higher above

the cascade, at the top of the Sawkill Falls, are mainly argillaceous

. shales in association with some that a.re slightly arenaceous. Fossils

are common, especially small Lamellibranchs, near the base of the

" Genesee shale" zone.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 F4.

Paheoueilo constricta (Con) Hall...... ...................................... (a)

Paliconeilo planaHall (?) ................................................... (rr)

Paheoneilo muta Hall...................................................... (rr)

Nnculites oblongatus Con .................................'.................. (rr)

Telliuopsis subeniargiuata (Cou.) Hall ...................................... (rr)

Chonotcs coronata (Con.) Hall...... ........................................ (c)

Arnbocuilia umbouata (Con.) Hall............................................ (a)

Spirifera mucrouata (Con.) Bill............................................. (rr)

Maerodon hainiltonuo Hall.................................................. (rr)

Modiella pygimea (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Nucula corbulifonnis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Nucula bellistriata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Microdou (Cypricardella) bellistriatus (Con.) Hall........................... (rr)

Modiomorpba concentrica (Con.) Hall....................................... (rr)

Two of the specimens are youug shells like fig. 2, PI. xxxv, (Geol. Surv.

N. Y., Palaeontology, Vol. v, Pt. i, Lainellibranchiata II.)

Orthonota (?) parvvila Hall................................................. (rr)
38 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120

Paracyclas tennis Hall (?) or possibly the young of P. lirata (Con.) Hall..... (rr)

Coleolus tenuicinctum Hall ................................................. (rr)

Hyolithes aclis Hall (?).................................................... (rr)

Loxonema delpbicola Hall.................................................. (r)

Pleurotomaria lucina Hall (?)............................................... (rr)

Phacops raua (Green) Hall.................................................. (r)

Homalouotus dekayi (Green) Em............................................ (rr)

Dalmanites (Cryphneus) bootbi (Green) Hall................................. (rr)

Chonetes setigera Hall.................'..................................... (r)

Actinopteria decussata Hall................................................. (rr)

Cf. Pterinopecten vertumnns Hall........................................... (rr)

Belleropbon sp.............................................................. (rr)

No. 1476 F5. On the brink of the cascade, just above Sawkill Falls, 

are blue, rather coarse shales, with fossils abundant in layers, but elsewhere they are rare. Lamellibranchand Brachiopod shells, with Brybzoa, 

are present; but neither corals nor a stratum similar to the coral bed in 

Saw Creek near Bushkill, and other localities, was seen. c I am not 

sure that the cascade is exactly the horizon for this zone in the creek, 

but it is near the beginning1 of the rather coarse arenaceous Hamilton 

shales, which are well shown farther down the creek. The zone above 

called Geneseeis the blue argillaceous shale of the Hamilton, and a good 

collection of the characteristic smaller Lainellibranchs of this zone of 

the Hamilton was secured.

FAUNA OF No. 1476 F5.

Palteoneilo coustricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (IT)

Microdou (Cypricardella) bellistriatns (Con.) Hall........................... (rr)

No. 1476 F6. At about the middle of the cascade above Sawkill 

Falls, is a layer containing a mass of shells in which Orinoid stems are 

present while Spirifers as well as several other species are abundant. 

This may possibly represent the coral stratum. The rock is heavier 

and more arenaceous than that above the cascades. Beginning in the 

nearly vertical part of the Sawkill Falls, the rocks change to the 

coarse, arenaceous Hamilton shales, which are at their base in the bed 

of the creek.

FAUNA OK No. 1476 F6.

Spirifera inucronata (Con.) Bill......................... .................... (a)

Spirifera graniilifera Hall................................................... {

Spirifera medialis Hall....................................................... \

These two species are abundant, but the condition of casts in which they 

occur renders it difficult to discriminate specifically between many of 

the specimens. A few external impressions show very clearly the presence of granules, and other specimens have the characteristic form of 

S. medialis. , 

Orthis vanuxemi Hall. ....................................................... o (c)

Atrypa reticularis (Linne") Dalm ............................................ (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall..._...........'.......................... (r)

Orthonota undnlata Con............................ a ....................... (rr)

Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatus (Con.) 'Hall.......................... (rr)
PBOSSER.I SECTIONS NEAR PORT JERVIS. 39

Loxonema hamiltoniro Hall.................................................. (rr)

Strophodonta sp............................................................ (rr)

Discina sp.................................................................. (rr)

Orthoceras sp .............................................................. (rr)

Bryozoa.............".......................................................

Prof. White described the upper portion of the Sawkill Canyon as 

follows: "Beginning one-quarter of a mile up the stream from the 

main falls, we find the Sawkill flowing- between banks of drift, which it 

here cuts through, and rapidly excavates a long narrow canyon out of 

the Genesee shale. This trench is 110 feet deep where the falls begin, 

only about 50 feet wide at top, and 10 to 15 feet at the bottom. The 

first descent is a fall of 20 feet in. two cascades over the fossil coral bed 

at the base of the Genesee; then the stream spreads out on a broad 

gently sloping platform of gray Hamilton rock, to fall into the great 

abyss below iu a vertical plunge of 60 feet. * * * The fossil coral 

bed at the top of the large fall is a dark blue slaty rock filled with corals, 

and also many fossil shells." l

SECTIONS NEAR PORT JERVIS, N. Y.

No. 1477 A 1. At the northern end of the city near the base of the 

steep hill is an exposure of bluish-black fine shales, which are probably 

Marcellus, and above, up the steep hillside, are ledges of coarse, arenaceous shale, which are of Hamilton age. The exposure is at a point 

where riprap has been taken out extensively for the streets of the city.

No. 1477 Al. The ledges forming the high hill immediately north 

of Port Jervis are composed of coarse arenaceous shales and sandstones, 

which belong to the lower part of the Hamilton stage.

. FAUNA OF No. 1477 Al.

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall. ........................................ (rr)

Spirifera medialis Hall...................................................... (rr)

Spirifera inucrouata (Con.) Bill.............................................. (rr)

Cyrtina liauiiltonensis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Bryozoa.

No. 1477 A2. A ledge of coarse-grained sandstone with coarse arenaceous shales, on eastern side of the road, 1£ miles north of Port Jervis. 

This is the first ledge after passing those so well exposed in, and extending a mile north of, Port Jervis. Some of the layers of this ledge contain great numbers of shells, principally Spirifera granulifera Hall.

FAUNA OF No. 1477 A2. 

Spirifera granulifera Hall....:.............................................. (aa)

A large number of specimens in a coarse-grained sandstone, which is very 

much indurated, and most of the specimens are internal or extern;il 

impressions on which the finer markings are not preserved. Some of 

the specimens may be S. medialis Hall, but owing to the condition of 

preservation it is hardly possible to identify them.

1 G°, )). 199.
40 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Nucula corbuliformis Hall.................................................... (a)

Nuculites cuneiformis Con. (?).............................................. (rr)

Clionetes coronata (Con.) Hall...... ......................................... (c)

Tropidoleptus carinata (Con.) Hall.......................................... (rr)

Pteriuca flabellata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Modiornorplia concentrica (Con.) Hall (^).................................... (rr)

Modiomorpha of. subalata (Cou.) Hall. ..................................... (rr)

Leda rostellata (Con.) Hall.................................................. (rr)

Amboco3lia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (r)

Leiorhynchus multicosta Hall............................................... (rr)

Spirifera inucrouata (Con.) Bill............................................. (c)

(?) Terebratula sp.......................................................... (r)

No. 1477 A3. A short distance farther up the road are coarse, quite 

fossil iferous, arenaceous shales, forming le^lges on the hillside above 

the highway. Above these, farther up the hillside, the shales become 

more argillaceous, split up into finer pieces, and contain the smaller 

Lumcllibranchs. This zone is apparently near the horizon called 

Genesee by Prof. "White, and the transition is not far south of a private 

bridge across the Delaware and Hudson Canal.

FAUNA OF No. 1477 A3.

Tropidoleptns carinatus (Con.) Hall...... ............................ ...... (aa)

Ortliis vanuxemi Hall .... .................................................. (a)

Modiomorpha concentrica (Con.) Hall....................................... (rr)

Microdou (Cypricardella) bellistriatus (Con.) Hall...... .................... (rr)

Paheoneilo constricta (Cou.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall...... ............................................ (r)

Nuculites oblongatus Con....... ............................................. (r)

Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall...... ................................ (r)

Pholadella radiata (Con.) Hall (?).......................................... (rr)

Gran rnysia constricta Hall................................................. (rr)

Orthouota (?) parvula Hall................................................. (rr)

Orthouota unclulata Con.................................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Grammysia arcuata (Con.) Hall (?).............................. ... ....... (rr)

Modiella pygnuea (Con.) Hall............................................... (rr)

Homalonotus dekayi (Green) Em............................................ (rr)

Loxonema hamiltoniiB Hall ................................................. (rr)

Eellcropbon lcda Hall...................................................... (rf)

Spirifera umcronata (Con.) Bill............ ................................. (c)

(?) Cryptonella planirostra Hall............................................ (rr)

Glyptodesma ercctiim (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall.............................'...................._ (rr)

Coloolus tenuicinctum Hall. J............................................... (rr)

DELAWARE RIVER SECTION.

No. 1477 AS. A ledge of rock on the eastern side of the highway, 

forming quite a steep hill, one-fourth of a mile south of Sparrowbush. 

Rather coarse arenaceous shales, containing numerous fossils in certain 

layers. This outcrop as mapped by Prof. White is probably near the 

top of the Hamilton, the Genesee zone forming the next covered slope
PROSSER.] DELAWARE EIVER SECTION. 41

to the north. Possibly the covered slope to the south is his Geuesee, 

in which case this exposure would be the base of the Chemung according to his correlation.

Prof. White states: " It [the Genesee] is well exposed along the Delaware river on the New York shore, 2 miles above Port Jervis, where it 

is seen dipping north 25°, west 10° to 11°, and exhibiting clearage 

plaues at a high angle to the southeast. It is also quite fossiliferous^ 

containing tipirifer mucronatus, Athyris spiriferoides, Microdon lellistriata, Tropidoleptus carinatus, and many other forms." 1 Prof. Lesley 

says the Genesee makes its appearance " at the ninetieth milepost of the 

Erie Eailroad" and describes it as composed of " dark sandy slates, 200 

feet thick, holding Spirifera mucronata, Athyris spiriferoides, Tropidoleptus carinatus. (f)" 2 It seemed odd to the writer when he first 

saw the statement that these rocks were called Genesee, because the 

fossils enumerated have never been regarded as characteristic Genesee 

species in New York. This will be immediately appreciated on noting 

the range of the species mentioned: Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill, 

occurs in the Marcellus, Hamilton, and doubtfully in the Portage of 

eastern New York; Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall, in the Upper 

Helderberg and Hamilton; Microdon bellistriatus (Con.-) Hall, in the 

Hamilton, Ithaca, Portage of eastern Pennsylvania, and Chemung; 

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall, in the Hamilton, Portage, Portage 

of eastern New York and Pennsylvania, Oueonta, and Chemung.

FAUNA OK No. 1477 A8.

Tropidoleptus carinatns (Con.) Hall........................................ (aa)

Spirifera mucrouata (Con.) Bill............................................. (aa)

Spirifera tullia Hall (?)........................................-........... (rr)

Palaeoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (r)

Nuenlites triqueter Con..................................................... (rr)

Palaeoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall.......................................... (rr)

Nucula bellistriata (Con.) Hall...............................:.............. (rr)

Palteoneilo muta Hall........................................................ (rr)

Paheoneilo maxima (Con.) Hall............................................. (rj)

Nucula corbulifonnis Hall.................................................. (r)

Nuculites oblongatus Con................................................... (c)

Nuculites cuneiformis Con.................................................. (rr)

Goniopbora hamiltonensis (Hall) Mill....................................... (rr)

Microdon (Cypricardella) tenuistriatus Hall (?)............................ (c)

Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) Hall...................................... (rr)

Pboladella radiata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Leda diversa Hall........................................................... (rr)

Grammysia bisulcata (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Cimitaria oorrugata (Con.) Hall................................*............. (rr)

Hyolitbes aclis Hall................. °....................................... (rr)

Tentaculites bellulus Hall................................................... (c)

Actiuopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Cyrtina bamiltonensis Hall................................................. (rr)

'G°, p,108.

* Sum. Desc. Geol. Peun., ^7 ol. II, p. 12-17, fuotuote; seo in addition p. 1325,
42 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL.120,

Chonetes setigera Hall............I.......................................... (a)

Chonetes scitula Hall....................................................... (e)

Nncleospira concinua Hall.................................................. (rr)

Spirifera granulifera Hall................................................... (rr)

Atbyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall........................................... (rr)

Leiorbyncbus raulticosta Hall............................................... (rr)

Coleolus tennicinctnm Hall................................................. (rr)

Psilopby ton princeps Dri............................................ ...... .. (rr)

Plenrotomaria capillaria Con. (?)........................................... (r)

Belleropbon acutilirata Hall................................................ (rr)

Lingula sp.................................................................. (rr)

Trilobite, fragment of glabella.............................................. (rr)

Spiropby ton sp............................................................. (rr-)

'No. 1477 A7. Exposures on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware 

Elver1 , a little above Sparrowbush and opposite the ninetieth New York 

mile-post on the Erie Eailroad. These are coarse arenaceous blue shales 

and sandstones, some layers being of concretionary structure. Dip 

about 8°, 25° west of north. Fossils not common, but in a rather 

blocky shale several Hamilton species were found.

FAUNA OF No. 1477 A7.

Ortbis vanuxemi Hall (?)................................................... (IT)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill.... ......................................... (c)

Leiorbynchus sp............................................................ (a)

Tbespecimens bave tbe form of L. nitilticosta Hall, but are witboutplications on tbe sides, and in tbis respect agree Avitb L. mesacostalis Hall. 

Glyptodesma ercctuin (Con.) Hall (^)........................................ (rr)

Palieoueilo emarginata (Con.) Hall.......................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall............................... r................ (r)

Pboladclla radiata (Con.)................................................... (rr)

Nuculites corbuliformis Hall................................................ (c)

Leda diversa Hall (^)...................^................................... (rr)

Cyrtolites (Crytonella) pileolus Hall ........................................ (rr)

Productella sp.............................................................. ° (rr)

Dalmauites (Cryphseus) bootbi (Green) Hall ( ?)............................. (rr)

No. 1477 A4. On the western bank of the Delaware Eiver, just 

below the New York, Lake Erie and Western Eailroad bridge, are 

shales and sandstones which belong in the Gheinung of Prof. White. 

The course of the river at this point is nearly from north to south, and 

not far below the bridge the dip on the edges of the layers is from 5° 

to 10° nearly due north. A little farther south the dip is only slightly 

to the north, while still farther south, where the river strikes the almost 

vertical cliff, the dip is greater toward the north. It is probable that 

this dip on the face of the layers to the north does not represent the 

greatest dip of-the rocks at this locality. Some of the joints in the 

rock enter the river at about 32° east'of north. The exposure consists 

of thin, blue sandstones, alternating with bluish, rather arenaceous 

shales. There are concretionary layers at irregular intervals and some 

layers of sandstone with an undulating or warped structure. Fossils 

are comparatively rare in the shales, and still more so in the sandstones. 

The blue sandstone is quite similar to the blue quarry stone along the
PB08SKH.] DELAWARE KIVER SECTION. 43

Hudson river in Ulster and Green counties, called commercially the 

"North Biver stone." The ninty-first railepost is in the first railroad 

cut a short distance north of the railroad bridge, at which locality is a 

fine exposure of the irregular concretionary structure, some of the 

concretions being very large. Prof. White stated: "The Chemung 

rocks rise from the Delaware about 300 yards above the ninety-second 

New York railepost on the Erie Bailroad. This is about one-half mile 

above the Erie Bailroad bridge and 4-1 miles from Port Jervis."' It is 

quite clear that the ninety-first milepost is meant, since the distance 

from the railroad bridge shows that it is riot the ninety-second one.

FAUNA OF No. 1477 M. 

Spirifera inesastrialis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Paheoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Leila di versa Hall.......................................................... (r)

Microdou (Cypricardella) teuuistriatus Ho.ll (?), possibly M. gregarins Hall,

but it resembles the former more closely .............................. (rr)

Orthonota cariuata Con..................................................... (IT;

PaliBoneilo plana Hall........................ ............................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Grammysia subarcuata Hall (?)............................................. (rr)

Modiouiorpha mytiloicles (Con.) Hall (?).................................... (IT)

Small specimen which closely resembles the young forms of this species as

given in figs. 2 and 3 on PL xxxvm (Geol. Surv. N. Y., Palteontology,

Vol. v, Pt. I, Lamellibranchiata n). 

Mod iomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall var. chernuugeusis Hall( t).. ............. (rr)

Leiorhyuclius sp., specimens intermediate between L. niulticosta Hall and L.

mesacostalis Hall...................................................... ( IT)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall............................................... (a)

(?) Psilophyton princeps'Dn., broken fragments of plant stems.............. (r)

(?) Crania sp., or possibly Discjna sp........................................ (rr)

No. 1477 A5. Exposures of bluish sandstone and shales on the western 

bank of river about opposite the Saw Mill Bift siding of the Erie Bailroad, and a little more than 900 feet above the ninety-first milepost. 

(This is probably near the horizon of the place indicated by Prof. 

White as the top of the Chemung, since on the opposite side of the 

river, a short distance above this point, heavy sandstone ledges begin 

to appear which are probably Starucca.) The upper exposures at this 

locality are thin greenish-gray sandstones, alternating with blue argillaceous shales. A. little farther down,"one of the heavy irregular layers 

is near the level of the river, and the sandstones of this exposure are 

.blue and fine grained. The blue shales contain fragments of some 

fossils, as Homalonotus delcayi (Green) Emm.

FAUNA OF No. 1477 A 5.

Homalonotus DeKay i (Green) Emm......................................... (rr)

Paheouelio emarginata (Con.) Hall var. (?)................................ (rr)

(?) Psilophyton princeps Du................................................ (rr)

Aviouloid shell............................................................. (rr)

Gasteropocl shell............................................................ (rr)

'G°, p. 1U4.
44 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

No. 1477 A6. Exposures along the high bluff on the east side of the 

Delaware Eiver, near the point on the highway called the Hawks Nest, 

4 miles above Port Jervis. This locality is farther up the river than 

Saw Mill Eift on the opposite side. There are coarse grayish sandstones, 

with argillaceous blue to olive shale partings. Near the narrowest part 

of the road is a layer of blue argillaceous shale, just above a sandstone 

stratum, that contains Arclmopteris sphenophyllifolia Lx., of which 

several good specimens were obtained that agree well with Lesquereux's 

description. 1 Through the kindness of Mr. Lacoe these specimens have 

been compared with the type specimen and figure, one frond of which 

is fully as well preserved as the type specimen from Meshoppeu, Pa. 

This species has been reported from the lower Catskill of Meshoppen, 

Wyoming County, Pa. Fronds of Haliserites occur, similar to H. J)echenianus Gopp, var. lineatus Pn.,2 which is found at Lanesboro, Pa., 

and a few other localities near this geologic horizon.

The dip along a north and south line is between 10° and 12° to the 

north.

No. 1477 Bl. In the Erie Railroad cut, just west of Pond Eddy, is a 

prominent layer of cornstone 4 to 5 feet in thickness, in the midst of 

the Delaware flags, which are massive greenish-gray sandstones. Dip 

along an east and west line varies from 1° to 5° in the different layers.

No. 1477 B2. The New Milford red shale, just below Pond Eddy 

station, is not much over 15 feet in thickness. It is exposed for about 

lOO feet, with an average dip of 8°, and 50 feet farther with a dip of 

about 4°, making a thickness of 17 feet for the shale.

No. 1477 B3. This station is a quarry, a short distance below Stairway, and opposite the ninety-sixth New York milepost on the Erie 

Eailroad. On a smooth bedplane there is a dip of 9° between 25° and 

30° west of north; on the side of the quarry the dip is hardly so great. 

Near the top of the quarry, in an argillaceous, olive, shaly stratum, are 

specimens of Psilophyton princeps Dn., which are not very abundant. 

At Barryville, Sullivan County, N. Y.,'in a quarry one-half mile up 

Halfway Brook, is a bluish-gray sandstone quarried for flagging. The 

dip is apparently about 40° west of north, while in an old quarry on fche 

southside of the brook, nearer the village, the dip is 6° between 30° and 

40° east of north. There are extensive flagstone quarries near Shohola.

Along the New York, Lake Erie and Western Eailroad, from Shohola, Pa. (opposite Barryville), to Lackawaxeu, the rocks consist of 

greenish-gray sandstone, with partings of olive and red shales. No 

fossils were seen in these rocks, except plant steins, which show no 

fronds. Near the northern end of the first railroad cut, west of the 

one hundred and eleventh New York milepost and Lackawaxen, in 

a mealy shale, were found a few poorly preserved pinnules of Archaiopteris, with numerous fern stems; and in association with these, in the 

greenish argillaceous shales, specimens of Haliserites.

1 2d Geol. Survey, Penn.i., p. 3, Coal Flora, Vol. ITT, p. 775. 

2 Proc. Nat. Mus., Vol. XVI, p. 109, PI. X, fig. 7.
rit.OSSEH.] NEVERSINK RIVER, SECTION. 45

NEVERSINK RIVER SECTION.

 GRAVEL PLACE

After making the section along the 

Delaware Eiver, the strike of the 

Middle and Upper Devonian was 

followed northeast from Port Jervis, 

through Orange. Sullivan, Ulster, 

and Greene counties, 1ST. Y.

No. 1478 Al. At Eose Point, on 

the Mouticello and Port Jervis Eailroad, 8 miles northeast of Port Jervis, 

is a good exposure of arenaceous 

shales and sandstones by the railroad, 

at the base of the hill. In the gravel 

quarry at the southern end are thin, 

black, argillaceous shales alternating 

with thin sandstones. The base of 

some of the sandstone layers is 

pebbly. This horizon is apparently 

near the dividing line of the Marcellus and Hamilton. A little farther 

north, on the western side of the railroad, is an excellent exposure of

Co., £o ^

s#§ 38,8

<'" %

i? 7 5

us p. a"

CO r+ ^

r'r'o1

|||

t?a? p.

2 S3 B

2 B a>

£,° £.

4?

gg|

*-®<r°

a -"2-

If"

!«!

WP 5"

«> g g"

Pi

||l

Ip

M^g

*^ £ o

5- sS!

w

I; 

M «p« N

11 f

li" 

^ a > 

t § 3 crq

51 5 

^ CD o'

r* C6 =- £ l! i

<i^ <° <

ii 

5' 3 /n p^ p O

co B

gg.

0 ^ <J>,

5s ® ,

B ff 

0 0

;:

I1

OAKLAND ion'

Iii a quarry south of Narrowsburg, E". Y., and one-half mile up the 

hillside, is a good exposure of the greenish-gray, coarse-grained flagstone. A dip of 4° to 5°, 20° to 30° ^ 

west of south, is shown in the quarry. 

In an old quarry three-fourths of a 

mile south of Narrowsburg, and in 

ledges along the western slope of the 

hill, are numerous exposures of the 

greenish-gray sandstone, with argillaceous shale partings. Some of.thefiner of these shales contain fragments of Archccopteris. At several 

places along the ledges are good examples of current bedding. The dip 

on the floor of the quarry is about 5° 

between 30° and 40° east of north. 

An. outcrop of red shale occurs a few 

»rods north of the quarry.

The section along the line of the 

Delaware Eiver was not examined 

west of Narrowsburg, and, with the 

exception of plants, no fossils were 

found above Saw Mill Eift. The zone 

above Henryville, on the Delaware, 

Lackawanua and Western Railroad, 

was not detected along the Delaware 

Elver.

- HIGHEST FOSSILS

HENftrWLLE

_ O 396'

HIGH BRIDGE

SPRAGUEVILLE

+90

Q ?
46 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

coarse blue arenaceous shales, with sandstones 1 foot or more in thickness, belonging to the Hamilton-stage. 1 Fossil shells are abundant, 

and in some of the shale a few fossil plants were found. The dip is 45°, 

about 30° west of north.

FAUNA OF No. 1478 Al.

Spirifera granulifera Hall................................................... (c)

Spirifera medialis Hall (1).................................................. (rr)

Spirifera raucronata (Con.) Bill.. ........................... ................ (rr)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Cou.) Hull.............................. .... ...... (rr)

Nyassa argnta Hall......................................................... (c)

Niicula varicosa Hall..............................................;......... (rr)

Modiomorpha concentrica (Con.) Hall....................................... (rr)

Chonetea mucrouata Hall. .................................................. (r)

Khynchonella cougregata (Con.) Hall................................. ...... (r)

Athyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall .......................................... (r)

Chonetes deflecta Hall (?)................................................... (rr)

Ambocrelia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (c)

Palaeoneilo emarginata (Con.) Hall.......................................... (v)

Nucnla corbuliformis Hall .................................................. (r)

Nuculites triqueter Con...................................._........'........ (n-^

PaltBoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall. ......:...............'.................... (rr)

Palajoneilo plana Hall (?)................................................... (rr)

Nyassa recta Hall Ci)....................................................... (rr)

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall (?)...................................... (c)

Macrodon hainiltoni;u Hall.................................................. (rr)

Gramrnysia bisulcata (Con.) Hall ........................................... (rr)

Homalonotus dekayi (Green) Emm .......................................... (r\

Dalmanites (Cryphieus) boothi (Green) Hall (?).............................. (rr)

Pleurotornaria sulcomarginata Con. or P. itys Hall.. .#. ....................... (c)

The specimens are internal impressions, some of which resemble one species

closer and the remainder the other species.

Bellerophon patulus Hall (?),'possibly B. natator Hall...................... (rr)

Loxonema delphicola Hall.......«........................................... (rr)

Orthoceras crotalum Hall................................................... (rr)

Conularia undnlata Con .................................................... (rr),

Lepidodendron gaspiannm Dn., with elliptical areoles which contain central

leaf scars as described by Dawsou.................................... (rr)

(?) Psilophyton princeps Dn................................................ (rr)

.Pterinea flabellata (Con.) Hall.. ............................................. (rr)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (r)

Actinopteria decussata flail (?)............................................. (rr)

Streptorhynchus chemungensis (Con.) Hall.................................. (rr)

Platyceras sp............................................................... (rr)

Two specimens of Pect.inidie.

No. 1478 A2. Nearly 1 mile up the highway from Rose Point and 

200 feet higher, just below Mr. M'Carron's house, are ledges of thin 

flaggy stone which split into layers between one-half and 1 inch in 

thickness. The stone is very arenaceous, of slightly greenish tint, and 

may be called a sandstone with very thin layers. Fossils are common, 

especially Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall and Spirifera mucronata 

(Con.) Bill.C?). The rocks of this exposure, both in lithologic and

'In MacFarlniic's Am. Geolog. Railway Guide, 2cl ed., p. 120, the age of the rocks at Eose Point is 

given as Chernung.
PROSSER.] NEVEESINK KIVER SECTION. 47

paleontologic character, resemble closely the horizon in Pennsylvania 

and along the Delaware River, called Ohemimg by Prof. White, and by 

the writer are regarded as the continuation of that zone.

FAUNA OF No. 1478 A2. 

Spirifera mncronata (Con.) Bill. (?) ............................ ............ (aa)

Possibly these specimens ought to be called S. mesacostalrs Hall, but they 

seem to belong to the former. A few specimens show a fold in the bottom of the sinus, and it is difficult to separate them from the form of 

S. mesacostalis given as fig. 5 on pi. 40(Geol. Surv., N. Y., Palaeontology, 

Vol. iv, Pt. i), also see variety of S. mucronata figured by Prof. H. S. 

Williams on pi. 12,.fig. 13, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. I. 

Tropidoleptns carinatus (Con.) Hall .........<:....... ........................ (a)

Palajoneilo constricta (Con.) Hall...... ................. ................... (rr)

Cyrtina haniiltonensis Hall.................................................. (rr)

Microdon (Cypricardella) gregurins Hall.................................... (c)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall................................................ (-rr)

Modiomorpha subalata (Con.) Hall (?)....................................... (rr)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall (?).m........................................ (rr)

Chonetes mncronata Hall (?)................................................ (rr)

Chouetes setigera Hall....................................................... (rr)

No. 1478 A3. This exposure is the Meyers quarry near, the top of 

the hill, north of the highway, and about 430 feet higher than A2, or 

630 feet above the railroad level at Eose Point. The rock is mainly a 

bluish-gray flagstone separated by partings of shale, and the sandstone 

is quarried for flagging. An occasional stratum of sandstone shows a 

slight reddish tint, while in some of the shale are masses of fern stipes 

without pinnules, and possibly some of Psilophyton. Somewhat lower, 

on the hillside, is a ledge which has a dip of 13° between 10° and 20° 

west of north, and a northeast and southwest strike.

ISTo. 1478 Bl. Just northwest of Cuddebackville, a station on the 

Siumnitville Division of the New York, Ontario and Western Railroad, 

1 mile northeast of Rose Point, is a low hill, at the base of which are 

black, argillaceous shales with some arenaceous layers. The Sum mi tville level of the Delaware and Hudson Canal is 610 feet A. T., which 

level extends from near Rose Point to Summitville, and these shales 

are about 45 feet higher, or with an approximate altitude of 655 feet. 

A little higher than the lower exposures, along a wood road, are 

abundant Hamilton fossils, especially Tellinopsis subemarginata (Con.) 

Hall, in association with the species which are usually common in the 

black, argillaceous Hamilton shales. It is reasonably sure, from the 

stratigraphic position, lithologic character, and the fauna, that this 

zone is the continuation of the horizon considered by Prof. White as 

" Genesee" in Pennsylvania.

FIG. 1. Stations along the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad.

FAUNA OF No. 1478 Bl. 

Paracyclas lirata (Con.) Hall...... ......................................... (a)

Nnculites oblougatus Con........................'........................... (rr)

Nucnla bellistriata (Con.) Hall. .............................................. (rr)

Tellinopsis subemargimtta (Con.) Hall...................................... (c)
48 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. IBUI.L. 120.

Modiella pygmsoa (Con.) Hall............................................... (r)

Leda rostellata (Con.) Hall................................................. (rr)

Nucula corbuliformis Hall.................................................. (r)

Nuculites triqueter Con..................................................... (rr)

Modiomorpha mytiloides (Con.) Hall........................................ (c)

Modioinorpha subalata (Con.) Hall (?)...................................... (rr)

Macrodon hamiltonifo Hall.................................................. (rr)

Lnnnlicardium fragile Hall................................................. (rr)

Spirifera fimbriata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (r)

Ambocrelia umbonata (Con.) Hall........................................... (a)

Chonetes setigera Hall...................................................... (r)

Chonetes mucrouata Hall (t)................................................ (rr)

Chonetes scitula Hall (^)................................................... (rr)

Spirifera rnucronata (Con.) Bill......°....................................... (r)

Nucula Kandalli Hall (?)................................................,... '(rr)

The specimen is longer than any of the forms figured by Prof. Hall.

Dalmanites (Cryphajus) Booth! (Green) Hall................................." (rr)

Phacops rana (Green) Hall.................................................. (rr)

Pleurotomaria snlcomargiuata Con. (?)...................................._.. (r)

Bellerophon crenistria Hall (I).............................................. (rr)

Orthoceras crotalum Hall................................................... (rr)

Grammysia sp.............................................................. (rr)

Bellerophon sp............................................................. (rr)

^?) Leiopteria sp........................................................... (rr)

(?) Pterinopecten sp........................................................ (IT)

Crinoid stems.

No. 1478 B2. On tlie hill about 1 mile west of Port Orange, in Deer 

Park school district No. 11, near the county line, is the Weingardner 

quarry. Port Orange station is 1 mile above the Cuddebackville station, and the quarry is about 410 feet above the canal, or with an 

approximate elevation of 1,020 feet A. T. The dip in this quarry is 

heavy, varying from 24° to 28°, and the direction is apparently between 

20° and 30° north of west. Near the bottom of the quarry, the dip is 

irregular; while farther north, along the ridge, is an old quarry in 

which the workmen report a greater dip. The stone is the bluish Hamilton sandstone which splits into flags 1 to 2 inches in thickness, 

with shaly sandstones and shales forming partings. In the strata, 

near the bottom of the quarry, are a good many fossil shells of large 

Lamellibranchs, as Glyptodesma&nd. (rro-mwi/sm, while specimen s of Lepidodendron, called "fossil snakes" by the quarrymen, were also found.

Shells are not common in the upper layers of the quarry. The workmen showed me crystals of quartz, galena, zinc, and iron pyrites from 

a small vein in the quarry.

FAUNA OF No. 1478 B2.

Glyptodesma erectum (Con.) Hall.......................................... (aa)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall (t);.......................................... (r)

Spirifera granulifera Hall...................... .'. .......................... (rr)

Homalonotus dekayi (Green) Emm .......................................... (rr)

Grammysia magna Hall..................................................... (rr\

Grammysia bisulcata (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Sphenotus cuneatus (Con.) Hall ($}..,.,,. .................................. (rr)

Lepidodendron sp.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN NO. 120 PL. II

a>

a. ARCH/EOPTERIS OBTUSA L.X., CATSKILL, PHCENECIA, ULSTER COUNTY, N. Y. 

b. DETAIL OF PINNULE BETWEEN THE ULTIMATE PI N N/E IN SAME SPECIMEN. 

c. DETAIL OF PINNULE OF ULTIMATE PINNI/G.
PKOSSER.] ARCKLEOPTERIS IN NEVERSINK RIVER SECTION. 49

No. 1478 01. On the hill, 2 miles north of west of West Brookville, 

which is 3 miles northeast of Cuddebackville, is the old Ferns quarry, 

which is about 610 feet above the canal level, and consequently has an 

approximate altitude of 1,220 feet A. T., being over 200 feet higher than 

the Weingardner quarry. The rock is a coajse, gray sandstone with 

partings of greenish to olive argillaceous shale. No fossils were found. 

The dip, measured on bed planes in the quarry, is between 18° and 20°, 

about 40° west of north.. The stra'tigraphic position of this horizon 

seems to be that of the coarse, greenish gray sandstone of eastern 

Pennsylvania, named by Prof. White the Starucca sandstone.

No. 1478 02. An old quarry, nearly 1 mile up Fall Brook after its 

junction with the main kill. The quarry stone is gray, coarse-grained 

sandstone which has a dip of 14° between 30° and 35° west of north. 

Somewhat below the quarry, loose red shale was noticed which had not 

been carried from any great distance.

No. 1478 Dl. Wurtsboro, Sullivan Oounty, is 0 miles northeast of 

Cuddebackville, or 4 miles southAvest of Summitville which is on the 

main hue of the New York, Ontario and Western Eailroad. Nearly 2 

miles northwest of the village and more than. 500 feet higher, is the 

Olark quarry, Avhich was operated by Charles Green in 1891. The 

flagging is rather coarse-grained, gray sandstone, covered with a considerable thickness of greenish to olive-colored argillaceous shale. The 

dip of the lowest bed exposed is 19°, while the highest shows a dip of 

12° on the bed planes about 20° west of north. The olive shale contains fossil plants, several good specimens of Archcvopteris obtusa Lx. 

having been obtained. Mr. Green stated that earlier in removing the 

stripping, quite a number of excellent specimens of ferns were found, 

which, unfortunately had been destroyed. Two paleobotanists referred 

these specimens to Archccopteris Mbernica (Forbes) Lx., and although my 

first identification was with A. obtusa Lx. it was thought best to confer 

-with a recognized authority in reference to the identification of this 

species. Two specimens from, this quarry were submitted to Sir 

William Dawson, who wrote: "these specimens are Arclicvopteris 

obtusa Lx., characteristic of the Upper Devonian. The pinnules on 

the rhachis [which these specimens have and which Lesquereux gave 

as characteristic of A. hibernica (Forbes) Lx. and A. Halliana (Gb'pp) 

Lx.] 1 occur in different species of Arclicvopteris. These are quite too 

large for A. hibernica and different in form. * * *

" 1 am very much interested in the large fronds of A. obtusa. AVould 

it not be possible in searching the beds, to find the fruit 1? It should be 

in oval capsules like that of A. hibernica, on special fertile pinnae."2 

The main difficulty in identifying these specimens arose from coinparing them with two specimens kindly loaned me by Mr. Lacoe, one 

of which was identified by Lesquereux as A. obtusa and the other as A. 

Mbernica; while my specimens were nearer the A. hibernica than the

1 2d Geol. Surv. Penn., P 3 (Coal Morn, vol. Ill), p. 773. 

2 Letter of Sir William Dawson, March 1, 1892. . Bull. 120 4
50 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. (HULL. 120.

A. obttisa. Later, these two specimens were sent Sir William Dawson 

who identified both as A. obtusa. 1

Archwopteris obtusa was described without figure under the name of 

NcegyeratMa obtusa by Lesqnereux in the Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 

Vol. VI, 1854, p. 415, as simply from Pennsylvania. The species is 

figured in the Geol. Penn, Vol. II, pt. n, 1858, pi. i, fig. 11, and on p. 

854, Lesquereux states that it is from the "Bed sandstone of the Ponent group [Catskill], Lehigh, below the Mauch Chunk Gap." Lesquereux, Am. Jour. Science, 2d ser., Vol. xxxn, 1861, p. 200, stated that he 

had "lately received from Prof. J. D. Dana, of New Haven, the figure 

of a splendid specimen of Nceggerathia obtusa, found in the old Red 

Sandstone [Catskill] of Montrose, Pa." A portion of the frond of 

this fern was figured by Dana in the Man. of Geology, 2d ed., 1875, 

fig. 557a on p. 279. Fontaine, Am. Jour. Science, 3d ser., Vol vn, 1874, 

p. 578, reported this species from Lewis Tunnel, Virginia, which he 

then called Catskill, but later changed to Vespertine (Pocono).

Lesquereux (2d Geol. Surv. Penn., P, 1880, PI. XLIX, Figs. 6, 7, p. 301) 

redescribed the species under the name of Archceop.teris obtusa, and 

changed the age of the locality below Mauch Chunk, from the Catskill 

to the Vespertine [Pocono \.

Dawson, Foss. Plants Brian (Dev.) Up. Sil., Canada, Pt. n, 1882, PI. 

xxn, p. 100, under the name of Cyclopteris obtusa, reported it from the 

Upper Brian (Devonian) of Scaumeuac Bay, opposite Dalhousie, New 

Brunswick. Dr. Dawson also stated that he had a specimen from the 

Catskill, at Franklin [Delaware County], N. Y. [It is probable that the 

age of the horizon at Franklin is not later than Chemung, although 

since the exact locality is not given, it may have been from the lower 

part of the Catskill.] Dawson further states that the specimens from 

the Middle Devonian shales at St. John, New Brunswick, referred by 

him to this species (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. xvui, 1862, PI. xv, fig. 

33, p. 319), belong to a different species, as stated by Lesquereux (2d 

Geol. Surv. Penn., P, pp. 301, 302), and is renamed Aneimites obtusa.

Lesquereux (2d Geol. Surv. Penn., P, Vol. in, 1884, p. 850) reported 

the species from the Catskill of Meshoppeu, Wyoming County, Pa.

The range and distribution of the species may be tabulated as from 

the Catskill of Montrose and Meshoppen of Pennsylvania; Catskill or 

Chemung of Franklin, Delaware County, N. Y.; Catskill or Pocoiio 

below Mauch Chunk, Pa., and Lewis tunnel, Virginia; and the Upper 

Devonian of Scaumenac Bay, Quebec.

Letter of Sir William Dawson, March 3J, 1892. While studying the species of Archceopteris, 

the writer found another instance of similar identification. In Mr. Lacoe's collection from Meshoppen, 

Pa., was a specimen identified l)y Lesquerenx as Archceopteris minor Lx. In general character 

this specimen agreed more closely with A. rogersi (Dn.) Lx., and the rachis was clearly transversely 

rugose. In Lesquerenx's key to the genus Archceopteris (2d Geol. Surv. Penn., P, Vol. Ill, p. 773), 

he put A. minor under Section B, "rachis striato lengthwise," and A. rogersi under Section D, "rachis 

transversely rugose." This specimen and the type specimen of Meek's Cyclopteris alleghaniensis 

from Virginia, which Lesquereux made a synonym for A. rogersi (ibid., P, p. 307), were sent 

to Sir William Dawson, who wrote me that the Meshoppen specimen " is certainly A. Rogeni^ but; 

A. alleghaniensis is quite distinct." (Letter of Sir Wjlliam Dawson, March 1, 1892).
PROSSKH.] ULSTER AND DELAWAEK E. E. SECTION. 51

Tlie Haliserites of Lanesboro, Pa., also occurs in this shale.

Along the quarry road, lower than the quarry, are exposures of red 

arenaceous shale. Ledges of moderately arenaceous shale occur in the 

upper part of the village and also along the hill on the western side 

of the highway, 1. mile north of Olcott's hotel, but no fossils were found. 

It seems that the fossiliferous rocks of the Hamilton.and the lower 

part of the Portage are covered by the drift which has filled up the 

old river channel in the region of Suminitville. At least no exposures were found containing fossil shells.

SECTION ALONG THE ULSTER AND DELAWARE RAILROAD.

After an examination of the rocks in the Summitville region, the 

next section crossing the Devonian formations is 25 miles to the northeast, in the vicinity of Kingston.

At Eondout, on the Hudson River, are exposures of Hudson shales 

and sandstones which extend from part way up the bluff to near the 

entrance of the quarries in the cement rock. This is a region of decided 

interest in respect to the stratigraphic geology, since most of the geologists who have studied it regard the Upper Silurian as resting 

tin con form ably on the Lower Silurian, while some consider it a fault. 1

On the bluff above the Ulster and Delaware Railroad station in Rond-. 

out are good opportunities for studying the relations of the Hudson 

shales and sandstones to the overlying limestones. Along the West 

Shore Railroad south of Kingston are numerous exposures of the limestones and this is an excellent locality to work out the folding as has 

been so admirably done by Prof. Davis for this, and the same series of 

formations, farther north.2

'For the more important papers sco J. G. Lindsey, who described tho rocks at the Rondout cement 

quarries, Po.ighkcopsie Soc. Nat. Sci., Proc., n, 3879, pp. 44-48; T. N. Dale, " The Fault at Rondont," 

Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. xvin, 1879, pp. 293-295. On p. 294, figs. 1 and 2 give tin excellent representation of tho position of the Lower Holderberg beds on tho Hudson River shales; William M. Davis, 

Bull. Mua. Comp. Zool., Geol. Scr., Vol. I, No. x, 1883, pp. 319-323, and on pi. xu see figs. 6, 11, 14, 

and 15, which give several views of the junction of tho Hudson shales with the Coralline and Lower 

Holderhcrg limestones, while in the text is a complete review of all the literature iu reference to this 

structure at Rondont.

Prof. Davis contributed it paper on " The Nonconformity at Rondont, N. T.," to tho Am. Jour. Sci., 

3d ser., Vol. xxvi. 1883, p. 389, with a map on p. 391, showing tho distribution of the different formations iu tho vicinity of Rondout, crossed by 6 cross-sections, showing tho stratigraphic structure of 

that region. In reference to the exposures in tho bluff near the cement quarries at Rondont, Prof. 

Davis says: "The Hudson River rooks wore upheaved, exposed to erosive forces, presumably of tho 

ordinary subaerial kind, and then submerged to receive the later formations on their worn edges. 

This is most excellently shown in the old quarry in tho hill overlooking Roudout, where the contact 

lino has boon perfectly exposed for 10 feet or more; a fair inference of nonconformity can bo made 

out at several other points along the slope" (pp. 392, 393). While in a later paper the professor, 

referring to Rondout, says, " there is a strong unconformity. * * * The contact could not have 

been made by a fault; it was a distinct unconformity" (Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Vol. I, 1890, pp. 354, 

355).

2 See paper on the folded Helderberg limestones east of the Catskills, "Bull.Mns. Comp. Zool., Geol. 

Series, Vol. I, 1883, p. 311; and in particular see PI. xiu, which gives a map of " The folded Helderberg 

limestones in Groeno County, N, Y.," crossed by fifteen sections showing the geologic structure of the 

region. Also a paper by the same author, entitled "Tho Little Mountains east of tho CaUkills," 

Appalacliia, Arol. in, 1832, pp. 20-33, with Plate I, giving amap of the region, a series of block-sections, 

general section of tho Little Mountain belt, section from the Catskills to tho Hudson, and a series of 

seven special sections.
52 p PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

The first cut is a little more tlian one-fourth of a mile south of the 

Kingston station, just below Fitch's trestle, and the northern twothirds of the cut is. through bluish-gray massive limestone with an 

occasional layer of shale. Fossils are common, especially Atrypa reticularis (Linue) Dal. and Strophomena rhomboidalis (Wahlenb.) Dav. 

The rock is much darker in color at the southern end of the cut, has 

but few fossils, and becomes shaly and arenaceous. 'At the southern 

eud of the Kingston tunnel on the West Shore Railroad, by the Bondout Creek railroad bridge are light gray" limestone layers alternating 

with dark layers. The light grayish limestone contains abundant fossils and furnishes a most excellent locality for collecting. The light 

gray limestone at the southern end of the tunnel is regarded as the 

Catskill shaly limestone with Upper Pentamerus near the middle and, 

at the northern end, Oriskany. In the cuts nearer Kingston are the 

Cauda-galli grit and the Corniferous limestone. 1

When conducting the field work upon which this paper is based, the 

writ'er was concerned principally with the Middle and Upper Devonian, 

and so ran over this section of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian 

in a hasty manner; but the admirable sections and opportunities for 

studying these formations were noted.

On the Walkill Valley Eailroad, 1 mile from Kingston Union station, 

are exposures of limestones of Lower Helderberg age. About 2 miles 

from the station is a small cut in blue arenaceous shales (No-. 1486 Cl) 

which contains plenty of Hamilton fossils. At this locality the dip is 

nearly vertical.

The exposures along the Walkill Valley Eailroad in the vicinity ot 

Kingston are not numerous, most of the rocks being covered by drift. 

After leaving Kingston 2 and crossing the valley of Esopus Creek, there 

are frequent exposures of rocks along the line of the Ulster and Delaware Eailroad which give a fair section across the Middle and Upper 

Devonian formations of Ulster County. The exposures along the line 

of this railroad Avill now be described.

The Fair street or Kingston station of the Ulster and Delaware Eailroad is said to be on the Lower Helderberg limestone,3 but no outcrops 

were observed at that locality. No exposures were found until after 

crossing the wide valley of Esopus Creek, west of Kingston, and 

reaching the hill to the west of the creek. There are exposures of black

1 Seonoteby J. G. L. [Lindsoy ?] in MacFarlane's Am. Geol. Eail. Guide, 2d. ed., p. 135, f. n. 152.

2 The elevation of the eastern terminus of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad at Roudont is G feet 

A. T. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., ISTo. 5, p. 217); tlie union station in Kingston, of the Ulster and Delaware, 

West Shore, find Walkill Valley railroads is ISO feet A. T. (ibid., p. 211), and the Fair street, Kingston, 

station of the Ulster and Delaware, 159 feet A. T. (ibid., p. 211); consequently the difference by railroad levels between Rondout and the union station is 180 feet, and between the union station and Fair 

street, 27 feet. Several readings of the barometer gave me 175£ feet difference between Rondout and 

the union station, and between union station and Fair street, 22£ feet, which in both cases is 4£ feet 

less than the actual difference.

3 MacFarlane's Am. Geol. Rail. Guide, 2d ed., p. 130, nnd on '' The Geological map of the Middle and 

Western States, by James Hall" (Geol. N. Y., Pt. iv, 1813), Kingston .is represented on the belt colored 

green, which is stated in the legend to bo "Helderberg limestones, including grits and sandstones."
PEOSSEU.] ULSTER AND DELAWARE R. K. SECTION. 53

shale by the side of the highway east of the Ulster and Delaware Bailroad track after crossing Esopiis Creek and about 2 miles west of 

Kingston station of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad. The rock is a 

black, very argillaceous shale, which contains only a few fossils and 

belongs to the Marcellus stage. This outcrop is the second rather 

prominent ledge by the highway east of the railroad. The first one, 

just east of the tollgate, is a calcareous rock, Which may represent the 

base of the Hamilton. The elevation of this exposure (I486 Dl) is near 

that of the Fail- street station of the Ulster and Delaware, possibly 10 

to 15 feet higher. *

No. 14SG D2. First cut on Ulster and Delaware Railroad going 

west, after crossing Esopus Creek. This exposure, which is west of 

the Marcellus shales of Dl, and perhaps 30 feet higher than the 

Kingston station on Fair street, is a blue, somewhat calcareous, finegrained rock, with a conchoidal fracture. The dip is about 5° west of 

north, as shown in the side of the cut. Only a few fossils were found, 

Chonetes and Aulopora (?) beiug the most'abundant.

No. 1487 A5. In a cut Avest of the one just described, where the 

road from Jockey Hill joins the Kingston and West, Hurley highway, 

east of Stony Hollow, are fine fissile shales, weathering to a brown. 

Lithologically these shales are similar to the Marcellus j but in the next 

railroad cut, not far to the east, are blocky Hamilton shales.

No. 1487 A4. The first cut east of Stony Hollow shows rather coarse 

blue, arenaceous shales, in which fossils are common. The arenaceous 

layers have a dip of about 5° to the northwest, which is probably near 

the direction of the greatest dip. The cut is a little higher than Stony 

Hollow, which is 8 miles from Eondout, with, an elevation of 410 feet 

A. T.1 NuGulites oUongatus Con. is one of the most common fossils in 

this cut.

FAUNA OF No. 1487 A4.

Nucnlites oblongatns Con ................................................... (aa)

Nncnli.i> Lellistriata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (a)

Nucnlites triqneter Cou .......... 1.......................................... (c)

Paracyclas lirata (Oon.) Hall........................................... .... (c)

PaheoueLlo coiistricta (Con.) Hall......... .................................. (c)

Modiella pygmtea (Con.) Hall ............................................... (r)

Orfclionota (?) parvula Hall.................................................. (rr)

Spirifera nuicronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (rr)

Khyncllonella cf. congregata Hall........................................... (r)

Leiorhyuchus multicosfca 1 loll............................................... (rr)

Atliyris spiriferoides (Eaton) Hall .......................................... (rr)

Cliouetes coronata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Lingula alvcata Hall (?).................................................... (c)

Ortlioceras constrictum Van. (?)............................................ (rr)

Grammysia, two species, but too-imperfectly preserved to identify specifically .................................................................. (rr)

Bellerophoii sp .......................... '. .................................. (rr)

Leptodesma sp.............................................................. (rr)

Fenestella sp............................................................... (rr)

1-\Tan Loun'.s CalslciH Mountain Guide, 1890, p. 75.
54 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YOKK DEVONIAN. [BOLL. 120.

No. 1487 A3. Another railroad cut, a short distance west of Stony 

Hollow, near a switch turning to the north, leading to an old flagstone 

quarry, and just east of the railroad fill over the swamp. The blue 

shales are rather blocky and contain fossils.

0 FAUNA OF No. 1487 A3.

Nucula bellistriata (Con.) Hall............................................... (a)

Nuculites oblongatus Con .................................................. (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Con.fHall................................................ (r)

Lingula alveata Hall (?) ........................... ...................... .... (rr)

NO. 1487 A2 BRISTOL HILL.

At the eastern end of the first railroad cut, west of Bristol church, 

are exposures of fine, blocky, blue shales, in which Hamilton fossils 

are abundant, the specimens being more numerous than in any of the 

other outcrops along the line of the railroad. In the long railroad cut 

to the west, after crossing the trestle, some of the sandstone layers 

show a dip of between 4° and 5° to the west; while exposures south of 

the railroad, at the western end of the cut, show that the dip is probably to the northwest.

FAUNA OF No. 1487 A2.

Chonetes coronata (Con.) Hall.............................................. (an)

Eighty-five specimens. , 

Nyassa arguta Hall. ........................................................ (aa)

Forty specimens. 

Nuculites oblougatus Con................................................... (rr)

Prothyris lanceolata Hall................................................... (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Coil.) Hall............................................... (c)

Orthonota ( ?) parvula Hall................................................. (rr)

Microdori (Cypricardella) cornplanatus Hall................................. (r)

Tropidoleptus carinatus (Con.) Hall................................*........ (rr)

Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall.....................'............................ (r)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill............................................. (rr)

Spirifera ziczac Hall........................................................ (c)

Streptorhynchus cliernuugensis (Cou.) Hall.................................. (aa)

Forty-three specimens. 

Orthis, some of the specimens resemble 0. vanuxemi Hall, but others do not

appear to be this species and arc nearer O. penelope Hall.............. (a)

Palteonielo constricta (Con.) Hall........................................... (rr)

Sphenotus truncatus (Con.) Hall............................................ (c)

Dalmanites booth! (Green) Hall.............................................. (r)

Prothyris planula,ta Hall.................................................... (rr)

Palaionielo maxima (Con.) Hall.............................................. (rr)

Schizodus appressns (Con.) Hall (V)......................................... (IT)

Actinopteria boydi (Con.) Hall.............................................. (a)

Twenty-five specimens. 

Glyptodesma erectum (Con.) Hall...... ...................................... (rr)

Discina sp.................................................................. (rr)
PROSSEE.J ULSTEK AND DELAWARE R. R. SECTION. 55 

NO. 1487 Al. WEST HURLEY.

A sandstone quarry of bluish stone in the village just south of the 

railroad. The dip is 5° or more and about 25° north of west. No fossils were found in this quarry.

From Stony Hollow to about 1 mile west of West Hurley the railroad 

crosses the' main belt of the " Hudson Eiver bluestoue." This region 

is composed of a moderately level plateau of 500 feet or more elevation, 

and very generally near the surface is a stratum of fine-grained bluishgray sandstone, in many places lying near the surface for an area of a 

number of acres. Near the railroad the best quarries have been 

worked so extensively as to exhaust the supply of good stone, especially 

in a number of the earlier quarries. The value of this region was 

described by Mather, 1 at which time the industry had reached considerable proportions, and an additional impetus was given by the opening 

of the railroads.

Stratigraphically, the lower portion of these quarries belongs in the 

Hamilton, and the upper part of the belt in the Portage, while the 

quarries still higher are in the Oatskill, as stated by Prof. Smock in 

1888.'

No. 1487 Bl. The Hurley Stone Crushing Company's quarry, 

formerly called Lawson's quarry, is one-half mile west of West Hurley. 

The quarry was formerly worked extensively for flagging stone, which 

has been mainly taken out, the stripping rendering it now unprofitable to work. Prof. Smock says where the stripping "is over 20 feet 

the quarry beds must be thick and the stone of good quality to pay 

for its removal. A rule is that the total thickness of quarry beds must 

not be less than one-third of the stripping." 3

A New York company has been formed, called the "Hurley Stone 

Crushing Company," which, has put in a crusher, and proposes to crush 

the waste stone on the dumps for road material. In this region there 

is an immense amount of this waste rock on the old dumps which is 

available for such purposes. The rock of the Lawson quarry is mainly 

the blue rather thin-bedded sandstone, part of which has a tendency 

to weather to a reddish tint, and is separated by partings of shale. 

In places a good many clay concretions are present, and glacial strite 

. show on the top of the sandstone layer at the surface, running nearly 

northeast and southwest. On the south side of the eastern part of the 

quarry there is a dip of about 6°, 40° north of west. By the barometer

'Gcol. N. Y.,I>t. 1, 1843, pp. 318, 319.

'Bull. N. Y. State Hue. Nat. Hist., vol. i, No. 3, March 1888, pp. 17-19. The distribution of this 

belt;, location of the quarries, and character of the rock arc also fully descrihed (ibid., pp. 71-78). 

Much of this data is repeated, with some additional information, by Prof. Smock in a later bulletin 

(ibid., vol. n, No. 10, 1890, pp. 222-225, 265-271), while a considerable part of the information was 

first published in the " Keport on the Building Stones of the United States," Tenth Census of the 

IT. S., vol. x, pp. 130-134. ,

"Bull. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3, p. 74.
56 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

the quarry is about 150 feet higher than the railroad station at West 

Hurley, which makes an approximate altitude of 680 feet A. T.1

On the south side of the northeastern part of the quarry is a shaly 

parting from less than 1 to more than 2 feet in thickness, between 

layers of heavy sandstone. This shale in places contains Psilophyton 

princeps Dn. in abundance. Fossil plants occur in the massive sandstone and in the large excavation south and southwest of the one with 

the shale, but still, east of the highway is a sandstone stratum in which 

some of the best Hamilton fossil plants that I have ever seen were collected. Some of these specimens have been examined by Sir William 

Dawson and Prof. D. P. Penhallow, and their observations in connection with my own will be given.

Prom Lawson's quarry at West Hurley several good specimens of 

Lepidodendron gaspianum Dn. were obtained, one of which Sir William 

Dawson has seen and identified as above. The upper branches of 

one of the larger specimens show a few leaves along their sides. 

Some of the decorticated upper branches show clearly the elliptical 

depressed areoles, not contiguous, in some of which indications of 

a central scar, sometimes elongated, are preserved. These characters agree closely with Dr. Dawsou's specific description where it 

was stated, " Decorticated specimens, slightly compressed, show 

elliptical depressed areoles, not contiguous, and with only traces of the 

vascular scars." 2 The bibliography and references to range and distribution of this species were recently published,3 and I will simply quote 

here the conclusions as to the range and distribution of the species. It 

is reported "probably from the Corniferous limestone of Ohio; Middle 

Devonian of Gaspe and New Brunswick; Hamilton, Genesee, Portage, 

and Chemung (?) of New York; Chemung (?) of Pennsylvania; Upper 

Devonian of Maine and Gaspe"; Pocono possibly of Virginia, and 

Huntingdon County, Pa.; Subcarboniferous doubtfully of Ohio, and 

Cnwford County, Pa.; possibly in the Lower Devonian of Belgium, 

and Devonian of France." 4 The New York State Museum at Albany 

contains specimens labeled Lepidodendron gaspianum from the Hamilton 

of Schoharie County, N. Y., Genesee shale of Moravia, N. Y., and a 

large specimen from the Hamilton stage of Gilboa, Schoharie County, 

N. Y. The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New 

York, also contains a specimen labeled, "Summit, Schoharie County, 

N. Y., and probably of Hamilton age.

'The altitud of West Hurley is given as 534 feet in HacFarlane's Am. Geol. Rail. Guide, 2J oil., 

p. 130; Prof Guyot quoting the records of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad survey, gives 540 feet 

for West Hurley (Am. Jour. Sci. 3d ser., Vol. XIX, p. 449); while in a guidebook on the Catskill 

Mountain issued by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad, in 1890, it is given as 540 feet on p. 31, and 

as 530 feet on p. 5G; but Van Loan's Catskill Mountain Guide, 1890, p. 75, gives the elevation as 530 

feet

2 Quart. Jour. Geol. Snc.,Vol. XVIII, 1862, p. 313; in describing fig. 26, of PI. XIV.

3 Prosser; Traus. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XI, 1892, pp. 144-147.

*0p. cit., p. 147.
PIIOSSER.] ULSTER AND DELAWARE R. R. SECTION. 57

In addition to the above species, Sir William identified one specimen 

as Lepidodcndronprimes oum Rogers, "the Knorria form."

Lepidodendron primccvum was figured and named by Prof. H. D. 

Eogers in the Geology of Pennsylvania,' from the Cadent series [Hamilton] at the mouth of Standing [Stone] Creek, east of Huntingdon, Pa. 

Lesquereux 2 reported the age of the specimen as Marcellus, while 

Prof. T. C. White gave the horizon of the rocks at the mouth of this 

creek as Genesee; 3 finally Eogers' figure is reproduced by Prof. Lesley 

in his final report under the head of " Hamilton, sandstone fossils." 4 

There are, however, paleontological reasons for considering the age of 

these rocks as of the Upper Hamilton stage rather than the Marcellus 

or Genesee.

Dawson r> reported " a Lepidodendron, obscurely preserved, but apparently of the type of L. Veltheimianum, and possibly the same with L. 

primcevum of Eogers," from the Upper Devonian (supposed Genesee 

shale) of Kettle Point, on Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada.

Dawson0 states that there are fragments of a Lepidodendron, which 

seem to belong to this species, in thePortage of Milo, Yates County, 1ST. Y.

Dr. J. M. Clarke 7 reports this species from the Styliola layer of Ontario 

County, N. Y., and at Black Point, CanandaiguaLake, Ontario County, 

N. Y., both in the Genesee shale. Also from the Naples (Portage) at 

Naples, Ontario County, (the remarkable specimen now in the New 

York State Museum at Albany having been obtained from Grime's 

Gully near Naples); and from the township of Sparta, Livingston 

County.8 The occurrence of this species in the Genesee and Portage 

of Ontario County, is again mentioned by Dr. Clarke,9 who states that 

Dr. Dawson identified the specimens from the Styliola layer. 10

Dr. Clarke" published a letter giving a general description of the 

Naples specimen, in which he said "if it had been found in fragments, 

taken from different spots, it would furnish all the necessary material 

for a half dozen distinct species of lepidodendron, according to prevalent, methods of determining these values. Moreover, toward the 

base, the leaves are uniformly arranged on elevated longitudinal 

ridges, as in Siyillaria, showing nothing of the quincunx arrangement, 

apparent higher up, and regarded as a diagnostic character of lepidodendron. In this region, also, the longitudinal ridges are interrupted 

by a series of varices, suggestive of an equisetaceous mode of growth." 

This specimen was found by Mr. D. D. Luther and sold to the New

' Vol. II, Pfc. II, 1858, pp. 828, 829, fig. 075 on p. 828.

! 2d Gcol. Surv. Ponn., P. 1880, p. 377.

3 Ibid., T 3 , ]885, p. 261; and see the map of the vicinity of Huntingdon on p. 256.

" Ibid., Sum. Dcsc. Geol. Penu., Vol. II, 1892, p. 1284.

0 Am. Jour. Science, 3d Ser., Vol. I, 1871, p. 258.

6 Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. XXXVII, 1881, p. 302.

' Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 16, 1885, pp. 25, 20, 33.

8 Op. cit., pp. 63,64.

9 Eept. State Geol. [New York] for 1884,1885, pp. 18,19,21.

10 Op. cit., p. 18, f. n.

11 Science, Vol. ix, May 27, J8.«7, p. 516.
58 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

York State Museum at Albany. It is a magnificent specimen, showing the large base with roots and gradually tapering stem of a tree of 

considerable size, and certainly deserves careful study, with illustration and description. 1

The range and distribution of the species may be stated as follows: 

Hamilton of Huntingdon, Huntingdon County, Pa.; the Geuesee of 

Canandaigua Lake, New York, and possibly in the same formation on 

Lake Huron, Ontario; in the Portage at Naples, Ontario County, and 

Sparta, Livingstou County, N. Y.; also probably in the same formation 

at Milo, Yates County, N. Y.

Lepidophloios antiquus Du. was described and figured in Foss. Plants, 

Dev. and Up. Sil. Formations, Canada, 1871, p. 36, PI. vin, figs. 90, 91, 

from the Middle Devonian of Gaspe. Also see the statement that 

" Leaves, apparently of a very small species of Lepidophloios are found 

rarely in the shales of St. John. They may possibly belong to the 

present species." The West Hurley specimen was identified by Sir 

William Dawsou, and as far as I know, it is the 'first identification of 

this species in the United States.

Psilophyton princeps Dn. occurs in considerable abundance. The 

bibliography, distribution, and range of this species may be found in 

a recent publication.2

It was stated that Psilophyton princeps Dn. a is most abundant in the 

Lower and Middle Devonian, but also ranges from the Upper Silurian 

to the Upper Devonian of Gasp6, occurs in the Upper Devonian of 

eastern New York (doubtful Catskill) and is reported from the Subcarboniferous (Waverly) of Ohio."3

In the Lawson quarry are a great many specimens which, though 

resembling Psilophyton princeps Dn. in some respects, differ in others, 

and may be simply fern stipes. Some of the specimens, however, are 

clearly this species, as is shown by comparing them with specimens 

from Canada, labeled, and sent me by Sir William Dawson, or with 

specimens from" Haines Falls, Green County, which, upon being submitted to Sir William Dawson, were identified as Psilophyton princeps 

Dn.4 On one slab from this quarry are-a considerable number of 

approximately parallel stipes, which are nearly flat and show very 

little structure. Tlie branching is opposite, a few of the branches are 

about 1| inches (3 cm.) in length, but most of them are not more than 

one-half inch in length where they are broken off. On the stipe which 

arises from the rhizoma the first branch is 1£ cm. from the rhizoma; 

then the distance between the first and second and the second and

Tor a brief notice see Dr. Clarke m Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 16, 1885, pp. 03, 64.

-Prosper: Trans. N. Y. Acuil. Sci., vol. xr, 1892, pp. 139-142. The locality of Cascade Fallt \vria 

in doubt when the above paper was written, but there are specimens in the State Museum at 

Albany, labeled "Rhizomes of Psilophyton, Cascade Falls, Ithaca, N. Y.," which, if not the spoci. 

inens identified by Dr. Dawson, probably came from that locality. The geologic ago of thesespecimens 

is therefore probably the Ithaca group.

:Qp. cit., p. 142. 4

"Am. Geol., vol. vn, 1891, p. 365.
PROSSEB.] ULSTER AND DELAWARE K. R. SECTION. 59

tliird brandies is about 5£ cm.; and between the third and fourth and, 

the fourth and fifth is 4f cm. The stipes near the base are 2 mm. in 

width. The upper part of some of the stipes, where the coaly material 

is not completely gone, shows the leaf scars and also the longitudinal 

ridges. At the bottom of the slab is a piece of the rhizoina to which 

one of the stipes is attached. On the upper and longer side, it is 4 cm. 

in length, and the Avidth is 6 mm. On the rhizoina a little below the 

origin of the stipe is a circular marking which may be an areole. This 

is the best specimen of Psilophyton princeps Dn. yet seen from the 

Hamilton of New York. Dr. Dawson. stated in the specific description 

that the stems were " covered witli interrupted ridges," ] and this character is very clearly shown on specimens sent me by-Dr. Dawson from 

the Lower Devonian of Campbellton, New Brunswick; but on most of 

the New York specimens this character is not very distinct and some 

of the stipes are nearly smooth. However, some of the specimens 

from the Lawsou quarry are clearly ridged, though not quite so strongly 

as the Canadian specimen. A number of these specimens resemble 

quite closely the plant figured by Yanuxem2 from west of North New 

Berlin (now New Berlin), Ohenango County, and consequently in the 

upper part of the Hamilton stage, which was published by Prof. Hall 

as P. princeps.*

In the State Museum at Albany is a specimen labeled Hamilton, 

North New Berlin, N. Y., AN7 hieh may be one of those collected by Vanuxem. The specimen has a rather large stem, with one branch from 

which a number of small branchlets arise. This specimen is very similar to, though somewhat smaller than, those collected by myself at' 

Skunnemuuk Mountain, Orange County, West Hurley, Ulster County, 

and Haines Falls, G-reene County, N. Y. In the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York, is a large 

branched stem labeled " Psilophyton princeps Dn. Schoharie County, 

N. Y."

In addition to the species already mentioned, specimens of a large 

and interesting fossil plant Avere obtained, which on study proved difficult of identification. Sir William DaAvson, upon examination of these 

specimens, decided that they had not been described. Prof. Penhallow also regarded them as new, and named and described the species 

as Psilophyton grandis.*

No. 1487 D. Garry ledge. These quarries are 2 miles north of West 

Hurley with exposures in places of 12 feet of Milestone, part of which 

is flagging, covered Avith nearly 15 feet of reddish and greenish argillaceous shales, some of which are arenaceous. In the shale are fossil 

plants, probably Psilophyton, but they are not clearly preserved. The

Toss. PI. DOT. and Up. Sil., Pt. i, i>. 37. 

!Geol. N. Y., Pt. in, p. 161, fig. 40.

^Sixteenth Regents' Kept. 011 State Cab. Nat. Hist., 18C3, p. 110. Vamixem's figure is reproduced 

on p. Ill, fig. 2. 

4 Proc.IT. S. National Museum, vol. xvi, pp. 111-113, PI, xu, fig.!2a; PI. xm, fig.!2b; PI. XIV, fig. 12c.
60 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

large excavation shows a dip of nearly 3°, 35° east of north 5 but the 

joint gives a greater dip west of north.

No. 1487 04. Formerly Lewis and Goodwill, now Lockwood quarry. 

This quarry is a few rods south of the railroad, If miles west of West 

Hurley, or 1£ miles east of Olive Branch. The sandstone is the bluestone, with very few fossils. The bottom of the quarry is a little lower 

than the railroad track at this point.

No. 1487 01. OLIVE BRANCH.

There is a small quarry north of the railroad station, on the righthand readjust beyond the church, which is composed mostly of thinbedded blue sandstone, with a few shaly partings which contain clay 

pebbles and specimens of Psilophyton; also large plant steins and fragments of fossil wood. This quarry is 18 or 20 feet above the railroad 

station, which has an altitude of 511 feet. A little farther east by the 

sawmill and fork in the road is a larger quarry of the blue sandstone 

(No. 1487 02). Nothing but plant sterns and fragments of fossil wood 

were found in this quarry. One-fourth mile farther east is an outcrop 

of red shale by the roadside (No. 1487 03).

No. 1488 B3. OLIVE CITY (POST-OFFICE, OLIVE BRIDGE).

Along Esopus Creek below the bridge are several quarries that have 

been worked to some extent in a bluish flagging stone, which in places 

lias a slightly grayish tint. The quarry stone is capped by an olive 

shale. A fragment of a Lepidodendron and plant stems were observed 

in the most southern of these quarries, but with this exception very 

few fossils were found. In the creek below the quarries are slabs of 

blue sandstone with beautiful ripple marks, while above the falls and 

bridge, mottled red and green shales occur. These quarries are near 

the top of the series of "bluestone" and 30 or 40 feet lower than the 

railroad station at Brodhead's bridge, which is 500 feet A. T.

Bessemer's quarry, near the foot of High Point Mountain (1488 B5), 

is 2£ miles from Olive City. The stone is a massive, bluish-gray, rather 

coarse-grained sandstone, which weathers partly to a reddish tint and 

partly to a darker gray. Clay pebbles occur in some of the layers, and 

a few fragments of plants were seen. On the road leading up the foot 

of the mountain to the quarry are reddish shales, and near the base of 

the mountain, blocks of stone with cross bedding, very similar to the 

stone farther up the railroad near West Shokan.

No. 1488 B2 BRODHEAD'S BRIDGE.

In the bed of Esopus Creek just below the railroad bridge is bluishgray massive, sandstone, below which is first, a mottled chocolate and 

olive argillaceous shale, then a clear olive argillaceous shale, and at the 

bottom a gray sandstone like the upper sandstone.
ULSTER AND DELAWARE R. R. SECTION. 61 

No. 1488 Cl SHOKAN.

Exposure in brook, just below the post-office in Shokan village, of 

bluish-gray sandstone, with reddish shales a little farther up the brook. 

Kipple marks are common on the surface of the sandstones, and in 

addition are rather odd markings vertical to the bedding. The railroad station at West Shokau, across Esopus Creek, is 533 feet, and the 

altitude of this exposure is not much less than the railroad level.

No. 1488 Dl. A ledge near the south margin of Little Mountain, 2 

miles from West Shokau, and well toward its summit. The ledge is a 

coarse-grained massive csandstone, about 790 feet above railroad level 

at West Shokan, which makes its elevation approximately 1,323 feet 

A. T. The summit of Little Mountain by barometer is 825 feet above 

railroad level at West Shokan, or, approximately, 1,358 feet A. T.

Burgher's quarry, No. 1488 D2, on the southern side of Little Mountain, is about 715 feet above railroad level at West Shokau, or, approximately, 1,248 feet A. T. The rock is a bluish-gray coarse-grained sandstone, which is rather massive, although some flags have been taken 

out. There is a shaly layer which in places is a blue argillaceous shale, 

containing plant steins, while fragments of fossil plants occur occasionally in the massive sandstone.

No. 1488 Al. Quarry 2£ miles up the Ulster and Delaware Bailroad 

from West Shokan and 1 mile up the mountain to the west. Bluishgray rather coarse-grained sandstone, with shaly layers which contain 

abundant poorly preserved plant stems. The quarry is 565 feet above 

the railroad track at the switch.

No. 1489 Bl. BOICEVILLE.

The Avery quarry is three-fourths of a mile north of Boiceville and 

one-fourth mile up the hill west of the railroad. It is a massive, bluishgray sandstone with arenaceous shales, in which are numerous poorly 

preserved plant stems. One fairly well preserved fragment of Lepiclodcndron was also found. Boiceville is 615 feet A. T., and this quarry is 

approximately 850 A. T.

Cushley quarry, No. 1489 B3, is on the south side of Cold Brook 

Mountain. The stone is principally a massive, bluish-gray sandstone. 

There are also layers of pinkish stone, which make a good thin flagging, 

and near the middle of the ledge is a shaly layer with some clay pebbles. The stone has a rather greenish matrix which weathers to a 

brown. There is a dip of between 5° and 6° between west and northwest. On the outcrop of one of the old quarries, a little farther north, 

an occasional white quartz pebble, with the clay pebbles, was seen. 

These quarries also have plenty of red shale and reddish sandstone. 

The altitude of this quarry is approximately 1,350 feet A, T,
62 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120. 

No. 1489 Al. MOUNT PLEASANT.

In a railroad cut three-fourths of a mile south of Mount Pleasant is 

a good exposure of chocolate-colored shales and sandstones. The shales 

are very argillaceous and contain the fucoid (?) markings so generally 

seen in the red shales of the Catskill region. The olive to greenishgray coarse-grained sandstone also occurs in close connection with the 

red sandstone, as on the eastern side of the track at the south end and 

under the red. This may be regarded as a good exposure of the 

"Oueouta" reds. At one point in the cut is a dip of between 3° and 

4°, about 15° west of north, while at the southern end the dip is 3°, 

5° east of north, showing a small anticline in this cut. Mount Pleasant is 3 miles north of Boiceville, with an altitude of 700 feet, and the 

cut has aa approximate altitude of 685 feet A. T.

No. 1489 A2. The Nelson Lane quarry is immediately above the 

southern end of the railroad cut just described. The stone is the dark, 

bluish gray sandstone, which is in layers of a foot or more in thickness, except in the upper part of the quarry, where there are layers of 

stone 3 inches in thickness that make good flagging. The exposure is 25 feet in thickness, the massive sandstone strata being separated by shaly layers, in which are elay pebbles; and in one of them, 

near the middle of the ledge, are numerous clay pebbles in associationwith an occasional white quartz pebble. Pieces of fossil wood and 

plant fragments are quite common, and one piece of Lepidodendron 

with clear markings was found. The greatest dip is toward the northwest, and the quarry is about 115 feet above the railroad, or with an 

approximate altitude of 800 feet A. T. There is a great deal of cross 

bedding in this ledge, similar to that figured by Vanuxem for the Catskill. 1 By the quarry road leading down the hillside, and a little lower 

than this quarry, is another opening in a similar sandstone, below which 

occurs the red shale and sandstone.

PHOENICIA.

No. 1490. On the western, side of the railroad, from Boiceville to 1 

mile north of Phoenicia, there is no break in the mountains, and at 

Phoenicia, where the Stony Clove Creek enters Esopus Creek from the 

northeast, the two valleys are very narrow with steep mountain slopes 

on either side. This region forms a charming summer resort and is 

much frequented. Near Phoenicia on the sides of the steep mountain 

slopes are numerous ledges of grayish sandstone in which a number of 

quarries have been opened, and at present Phoenicia is one of the most 

important shipping points for flagging stone on the line of the Ulster 

and .Delaware .Railroad.

No. 3490 Al. The Baldwin quarry is on Mount Eomer, one half 

mile southwest of Phoenicia. The stone is mainly a bluish gray sandi Geol. N. Y., Pt. Ill, fig. 53, p. 187.
PROSSEB.] ULSTER AND DELAWARE R. R. SECTION. 63

stone which weathers to a gray and becomes harder. Interstratified 

with the quarry stone are layers of red shale and sandstone. The red 

blocky shales contain large numbers of the fucoid (?) so common in the 

red shales of the Oneonta and Catskill stages. There is also a "pudding-stone" layer composed of different materials, clay pebbles with 

some quartz pebbles, and th°e whole mass is firmly solidified. In a blue 

argillaceous shale plant stems were found, also three rather imperfect 

fronds of Arcliccoffterls. This quarry is barometrically 240 feet above 

the railroad station at Phoenicia, which is 798 feet A. T., so the quarry 

is approximately 1,038 feet A. T.

No. 1490 A2 is a ledge, not \vorked at present, farther up Mount 

Eomer and above the Baldwin quarry. The floor of the quarry is a 

pinkish sandstone, above which is the bluish gray, coarse-grained 

sandstone. There are also the iisual irregular shaly layers, in some of 

which are fragments of ferns. - This quarry is 440 feet above the railroad barometrically, or with an approximate altitude of 1,238 feet A. T.

Farther northwest, near the top of Mount Eomer, about threefourths of a mile nearly west of the railroad station, is the McGraw 

quarry (1490 02), owned by Mr. John L. McGratli, of Phoenicia. This 

quarry is 500 feet above the railroad by the barometric reading, or 

with an approximate altitude of 1,298 feet A. T. The stone is mostly a 

bluish gray sandstone Avith an occasional pink tint, and is separated 

by shaly partings. Near the southern end of the quarry fragments of 

Archceopteris in bluish rather arenaceous shales were found

No. 1490 Bl. The Boice quarry is on Treinper Mountain, 1£ miles 

southeast of Phoenicia. The stone is bluish gray, which weathers to a 

pure gray, and the layers thicken and thin out very irregularly. There 

is reddish shale and blue which weathers to an olive, argillaceous 

shale, in which are fossil plants; a few specimens of Archwopteris 

having been obtained. The quarry is between 150 and 160 feet above 

the railroad, or with an approximate altitude of 950 feet A. T.

No. 1490 B2. Winnie and Wolvern's quarry is farther up the 

mountain than the Boice quarry. It is composed largely of the bluish 

gray sandstone; but in the lower part of the upper half is a layer of 

bluish argillaceous shale which is very smooth and contains no fossil 

plants. Large quartz pebbles were seen in nearly clear sandstone. 

This quarry is about 430 feet above the railroad, by the barometer, or 

with an approximate altitude of 1,230 feet A. T.

No. 1490 B3. Winnie and Murphy's quarry is still farther up the 

mountain, being some 700 feet above the railroad, or with an approximate altitude of 1,500 feet A. T., andis 1£ miles southeast of Pho3nicia. 

The stone is mainly the bluish gray sandstone, rather thin-bedded, 

though there is some of the pink sandstone. There is a little argillaceous shale, which is very generally called " pencil" by the quarrymen. 

No fossils were found.

No. 1490 J)lf The McQratli or "old gold mine" quarry is the
64 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

southern one on the western side of Mount Sheridan, 1 mile northwest 

of Phoenicia, and is now worked by Mr. John D. McGrath. The back 

of the quarry in places is nearly 60 feet high, and a large amount of 

stone has been taken out. The good stone is the pinkish and bluish 

gray sandstone, but on the dump is a'large amount of the bluish 

shale, which weathers to an olive color. In some of the rather arenacious slabs were excellent specimens of Archceopteris obtusa Lx., in 

fact the best that have been found at any locality in the Oueonta or 

Catskill rocks. Sir William Dawson has expressed much interest in 

the photograph of one of the large specimens which is figured in this 

work (See PL n, figs. &, c). In the more argillaceous shales were found a 

few pinnules of Archceopteris sphenophyllifolia Lx. (H). The quarry is 

about 370 feet above the railroad, or with an approximate altitude of 

1,170 feet A. T.

Farther north, along the same ledge, is the Ryder quarry (1490 D2), 

with bluish-gray and pink sandstone. This quarry contains a rather 

prominent stratum of the "flint rock" of the quarrymen, which is the 

"pudding stone" that in this quarry contains a good many quartz 

pebbles in addition to those of clay. A little of this stratum was seen 

in the McGrath quarry, but the Eyder quarry does not show the 

plant-bearing stratum.

NO. 1493 Al. ALLABEN.

Kisley quarry, which is not worked at present, is one-fourth of a 

mile southeast of Allaben, on the western side of the railroad. The 

lower part is massive bluish gray sandstone and the top red shale, 

containing plenty of fucoid (1) markings. The altitude of Allaben is 

990 feet, which is about that of the quarry.

NO. 1492 Al. BIG INDIAN.

This quarry is near the summit of the hill, one-half mile north of the 

railroad station. The bed rock is a pink sandstone, above which is 

the bluish gray sandstone, a layer of the pebble rock, and some bluish 

shale. Specimens of Archceopteris are found in the shale. The quarry, 

which is not worked at present, is about the last one on the Ulster and 

Delaware Railroad until after passing the summit and approaching 

Griffin's Corners. The quarry is 550 feet above the railroad, which is 

1,209 feet A. T. at Big Indian, making the altitude of the quarry 

approximately 1,760 feet.

Five miles beyond Big Indian and 41 miles from Rondout is the 

Grand Hotel station, where the summit of the railroad is reached at 

1,886 feet A. T. The ascent of the hill back of the Grand Hotel is 

made over strata of coarse gray sandstone, alternating with red sandstone and shale. The field on the summit, which is a.bout 565 feet 

above the railroad station, or, approximately, 2,450 feet A. T., is appar-
WW88EE.1 CATSKILL MOUNTAINS SECTIONS. 65

ently underlain by red shale and sandstone, but the rather prominent 

ledge on the western side of the hill is composed of the coarse gray, 

fine-bedded sandstone. These exposures from Phoenicia to the summit are characteristic deposits of the Catskill- stage of southeastern 

New York.

SECTIONS IN CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, CrREENE COUNTY, N. Y.

When the summit of the Ulster and .Delaware Eailroad was reached 

at the Grand Hotel station, where the rocks are well up in the Catskill 

stage, I returned to Phoenicia and followed the line of the Stony 

Clove and Catskill Mountain and Kaaterskill railroads to Kaaterskill 

station, which is less than 1 mile from the eastern face of the Catskill 

Mountains at the Catskill Mountain House, above Palenville.

About Lanesville, 5 miles from Phoenicia, are a number of small quarries, but none are worked to any extent. The Barber quarry, No. 1058 

PI on the land of Lane and Barber, about 1 mile southwest of Lanesville, 

contains at the base bluish-gray sandstones, then a layer of blue shale 

which has some clay pebbles; above this, thin-bedded sandstones, and 

on top the pink sandstone. There are masses of plant steins on some 

of the shaly rock, and many of the sandstones contain branching fern 

stipes, but no pinnules are preserved.

Lanesville railroad station is approximately 1,350 feet A. T., estimating by the reading of barometer from Phoenicia, and this quarry is some 

350 feet higher, or about 1,700 feet A. T.

Toward the foot of the hill, not far from Mr. Lane's "cold spring," is 

an old quarry (1058 P3) of reddish sandstone. Some of the reddish, 

arenaceous shales contain fragments of Arclitvopteris, but no good specimens were found. In this quarry, or the small excavation in the bluishgray sandstone and shale by the " cold spring," Mr. Gilbert van In gen 

secured quite good specimens of Arclucopteris.

Across the valley, northwest of Lanesville station, is a quarry (1058 

Ql) composed of bluish-gray sandstone and blue shale. In the shale 

are plant steins and fragments of Jjepidodendron.

Farther up the side of the mountain, on. Mr. Barber's farm, is another 

small, quarry (1058 Q2) about 300 feet above railroad level, or, approximately, 1,050 feet? A. T. The stone is the pink sandstone, alternating 

with red shale. On part of the sandstone slabs in the upper portion of 

the quarry are the best specimens of the fucoid (?) markings ot these 

red rocks that have been found. One of the best of these specimen sis 

now in the U. S.^National Museum at Washington. This shows a 

plant of comparatively large size, Avith base of stem, large stipe, and 

numerous branches. This specimen is regarded as belonging to Haliserites, by one paleobotauist, while it resembles in some characters 

specimens of Chondrites as C. lanceolatus~Ldwg., ] or compare Palceophycus gracilis Ldwg.,2 which in. branching and general appearance is

1 Paleontugrapliica, Vol. XVII, No. 3, 1869, PI. xix, fig. 6, p. 112. 

a Ibid,, PI. 18, fig. 6, p. 111.

Bull, 120 5
66 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. (BULL. 120.

quite similar to this specimen, but the base is entirely different from 

tlie Lanesville specimen since it lias a broad root with several stalks 

rising from it. Nathorst has figured and described somewhat similar 

markings as the trails of worms.1

No. 1058 El. The North quarry, ]£ miles up the Hollow Tree 

Branch, north of Lanesville, is on the western side of the creek, and 

shows mainly pink sandstone with a little red shale and gray sandstone 

on top. No fossils were found, and the quarry is some 300 feet above 

the railroad, or, approximately, 1,650 feet A. T. About 150 feet higher 

on the mountain side is another small quarry of pink sandstone with a 

little bluish shale.

No. 1494 Al. Siinpsoii quarry, just above Edgewood, is mainly the 

pink sandstone. This quarry is 3 miles northeast of Lanesville, about 

470 feet higher, or with an approximate elevation of 1,820 feet. In the 

bed of Stony Clove Creek, just above Edgewood railroad station, is a 

fine exposure of the red shale.

No. 1494 B. In the "notch" on the eastern side of the railroad, about 

one-fourth of a mile south of the Stony Clove station, is the Eldredge 

quarry. In the upper part is very dark bluish-gray sandstone, and in 

the lower, the pink sandstone. The sandstone is coarse grained, very 

compact, and contains no fossils. Loose blocks of conglomerate with 

quartz pebbles are present. This quarry is on the western side of 

Plateau Mountain, and nearly 130 feet higher than the Stony Clove 

switch, which is 2,071 feet A. T.,2 making the approximate altitude of 

the quarry 2,200 feet A. T.

No. 1495 A. HAINES FALLS, GREENE COUNTY.

In Twilight Park, near the foot of Eound Top Mountain, on the western side of Kaaterskill Creek and Haines Falls, is a prominent ledge 

of conglomerate (1495 A2). Some of the pebbles are very large and the 

stratum forms a conspicuous feature of the mountain side, being called 

locally the " pudding stone." This massive conglomerate is well up in 

the Catskill stage, and is lithologically about the same as the conglomerate noted by Mather on South Mountain, between Hotel Kaaterskill 

and the Catskill Mountain House,3 which he referred to the u lower 

grits of the Coal formation," evidently regarding them, as above the 

Catskill division. This ledge is by the barometer 110 feet above 

Haiues Falls which, according to Guyot, are 1,890 feet, A. T.,4 makingits elevation approximately 2,000 feet A. T.

In the creek, under the bridge above the Haines Falls (1495 Al), are 

red sandstones. Belo\v, at the brink of the falls and in the side of the

'See Om nagra, form. Viixtfoss.. PI. 18, fig. 11,12, in Ofversigt af Kongl. Aretenskaps-Akad. J?orh., 

Stockliohn, 1873.

2 Van Loan's Catskill Mountain Guide, 1890, p. 78. Guyot seems to have been in error in assigning 

ihis locality an elevation of 1,700 feet. (Am. Jour. Scj., 3d sor., Vol. XIX, p. 435).

3 Geol. ~N. T., Pt, i, 1843, p. 303.

 « Am. Jour. Sci., 3d. ser.,Vol. XIX, p. 449.
PEOSSER.] CATSKILL MOUNTAINS SECTIONS. 67

cliff, is the bluish-gray sandstone, reaching down to about the middle of 

the falls, where there is a stratum of red shale and sandstone, then 

bluish-gray sandstone, and at the bottom of the falls another stratum of 

the red shale and sandstone. The bed of the creek at the foot of Hain.es 

Falls is about 125 feet below the beginning of the stairway at the top of 

the ledge above. The upper part of the first cascade below Haiues 

Falls is composed of gray sandstone, in one stratum of which are quite 

large pebbles, and red argillaceous shale, below which at the base is 

mainly red sandstone. Below this is another cascade, with gray sandstone at the top and red shales and sandstones at the bottom.

At the bottom of the series of cascades is a stratum of red shale, 

above which is a bluish shale, weathering to an olive color, which passes 

into the coarse gray sandstone as we reach the top. In the lower 

part of the shale the structure is rather irregular, perhaps slightly concretionary, and fossil plants were found. This stratum (No. 1495 A 1) 

is in place at about the middle of the ladder on the lowest ledge, under 

the massive sandstone, while a little farther down the path are loose 

blocks which have fallen down the bank, thus affording an excellent 

opportunity to hunt for fossils. The stratum is about 275 feet below 

the top of Haines Falls, or it has an approximate altitude of 1,615 

feet A. T. The majority of the fossil plants in this stratum belong to 

Psilophyton princeps Dn., specimens of which were submitted to Sir 

William Dawson, who agreed to the above identification. 1

It is difficult to locate the position of this stratum in Sherwood's 

measured section of the Kaaterskill Clove and Bound Top Mountain; 2 

but if his section began near the Palenville Hotel and Prof. Guyot's 

altitudes be correct, 3 then it would seem to be near the 29-foot bed of 

coarse gray sandstone, No. 121 of his section,4 the bottom of which is 922 

feet above the base of Sherwood's section. This horizon, according to 

Asliburner's interpretation of the series, is well up in what he calls the 

"red beds" of No. IX, or the Catskill stage. Ashburner regarded the 

upper 1,412 feet of this section, forming the upper part of Bound Top 

Mountain, as belonging to No. X of the Pennsylvania Survey,5 the 

Pocono or Vespertine, while Prof. Hall regarded 800 or 900 feet of the 

upper part of Bound Top as of Vespertine age.6 At this time Prof. Hall 

described a geological section from Schenevus, Otsego County, across

1 See the following note from Sir AVilliam in reference to those plants: " So far as I can make out, 

most of the plants arc Psilophyton princeps. One seems to have sporocarps attached, and the. 

broader stems are, I suppose, rhizoruata." (Am. Gool., Vol. VII, p. 305, f. n. §.)

2 Proo. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XVII, 1878, pp. 340, 347. In connection with this section see Ashburner's 

interpretation in 2cl Geol. Surv. Penii., F, 1878, pp, 218, 219; and Prof. Hall's account in the 28fh Eop. 

N. T. State Mus. Nat, Hist., 1879, pp. 14,15.

s C80feet for the Palonvillo Hotel and 1,890 feet for Haiues Falls (Am. Jour. Sci., 3d Ser.,Vol. XIX, 

p. 449), which would make the altitude of the plant bed (1495 A 1) about 935 feet above the level of 

the Palenvillo Hotel. 

"Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XVII, 1878, p. 340.

5 Second Geol. Surv. Penn., P, pp. 218, 219.

°Proc.*Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. XXIV, B, 1876, p. 83, and 28th An. Rep. N. Y. State Mua. Nat. Hist., 

1879, p. 15.
68 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

the Oatskill Mountains to G-lasco, Ulster County, and gave the thickness 

of the different formations as follows: "The lower beds shown, of Portage and Oheinung, have a thickness of more than 2,000 feet; while the 

red rocks above, which may be referred to the Catskill, are about 3,000 

feet thick, and the higher beds, of Vespertine, extending to the summit 

of Bound Top, may be reckoned at about 800 feet."1

The ledge in front of the Catskill Mountain House, overlooking the 

Hudson, is the coarse gray sandstone of the Catskill stage, as stated in 

1843 by Mather.2 Mr. N. H. Barton has published a section "west of 

Palenville," on whiclx. the lower- dark shales are called " Hamilton 

group," with the "Oiieonta beds" immediately above, on which rests 

the "Catskill group." 3

In the text it is stated that the Chemung "becomes harder and 

coarser eastward, and was traced to and along the eastern front of the 

Catskill Mountains, its base denning the upper limit of the Oneonta 

formation. Its thickness averages about 250 feet. It ts overlain by a 

red shale bed 25 to 30 feet in thickness, and this, in turn, is overlain by 

the thick mass of hard gray sandstone on which the old Mountain 

House is built. At a point about 4 miles due west of Durham, some 

molluscan remains were found in a softer gray bed about 175 feet above 

the summit of the Oneonta formation. One fairly distinct individual 

was recognized by Dr. Hall as Spirifer disjunct^ a Chemung form." 4

Near the summit of the path from the Mountain House to the Hotel 

Kaaterskill, over South Mountain, is a ledge of very coarse conglomerate, which is similar to the one in Twilight Park on. Bound Top. 

However, it is some 375 feet higher, considering the ledge in front of the 

Mountain House 2,225 feet A. T.5 On the road toward the Hotel Kaaterskill, after the path enters it, is a small ledge composed in the center 

of a conglomerate layer, with gray sandstone above and below. Toward 

the hotel the conglomerate thickens rapidly, making an excellent locality 

for noting the rapid change in the thickness of a conglomerate. The 

strata on South Mountain are nearly horizontal, but in places there is 

very strong cross-bedding. Guyot clearly described the structure of 

the Catskill Mountains as follows: "We have not to look in the chains 

of the Catskill for a series of anticlinal and synclinal folds or arches, as 

in ordinary mountain chains. Throughout the region the strata of 

which they are composed are nearly horizontal from the bottom of the 

valleys to their top, or have a dip rarely exceeding 4° or 5°. The same' 

is true of the plateaus." 6

On the bank of the Kaaterskill Creek below Etna Cottage, east of

'Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. XXIV, J3, pp. 82,83. Eor additional particulars see 28th Aii. Rep, N. 

T. State Mus. Nat. Hist., pp. 14,15.

2Geol. N. Y., Pt. I, p. 303.

3 Am. Jour. Sci., 3d Ser., Vol. XLV, p. 205, section D of fig. 2.

<0p. cit., p. 207.

'Griiyot, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d Ser., Vol. XIX, p. 449; and this conglomerate ledge is barometrically 150 

feet higher.

6Ihid., p, 433.
riiossEii.l CATSKTLL MOUNTAINS SECTIONS. 69

Palcuvillc, are red arenaceous shales (1497 Al), which contain the 

fticoid (?) markings of the Oatskill red shales.

A short distance, from this exposure, and to the north of the cottage 

and Drummoud Falls House, in a branch of the Kaaterskill, are Drummond Falls. The cliff toward the house is composed of red shale, 

which breaks up into very 'fine fragments, with a little mottled shale 

iu the lower part. The brink of the falls and upper part of the ledge 

to the north are composed of gray sandstone and shales. The foot of 

Drummond Falls is about 125 feet lower than the Palenville railroad 

station which makes its altitude approximately 389 feet A. T. 1 

fc ]Sto. 1497 Bl The Hugh Smith quarry is on the road from Saxon 

post-office to the great Falls of the Kaaterskill, and about one-half 

mile from them. The quarry is in the Hamilton "blue stone" belt, 

similar to the stone near West Hurley, and is composed principally of 

blue flagging stone with some shale stripping on top. The Great Falls 

of the Kaaterskill 2 (149? B2) are below the covered bridge and postoffice, about 4 miles east of Palenville. The brink of the falls is formed 

by a prominent sandstone stratum, between 3 and 4 feet in thickness, 

and at the bottom of the falls is another similar layer. Above the 

falls, in the coarse arenaceous part of the prominent sandstone stratum 

are fossil shells, such as are usually found in similar zones of the Hamilton. There is quite a decided dip between west and northwest.

FAUNA OF No. 1497 B2.'

Spivifera mucronata (Con.) Bill ............................................. (a)

Spirifera granulif era Hall................................................... (c)

Spirifera raedialis Hall (?)................. ................................. (r)

Strophoclonta perplana (Con. (?) ........................................... (rr)

Grammysia bisulcata (Con.) Hall (?)........................................ (rr)

Below the brink of the falls, and along the sides of the gorge are 

argillaceous blue shales (1497 B3), splitting up finely, which contain 

many fossils characteristic of the argillaceous Hamilton shales. The 

falls are about 40 feet in height.

FAUNA OF No. 1497 B3.

Chonetes coronata (Con.) PTall......... ..................................... (c)

Spirifera mucronata (Con.) Bill ............................................. (IT)

Nyassa argnta Hall .......................................................... (rr)

Nucula corbnliformis Hall .................................................. (rr)

Paracyclas lirata (Cou.) Hall................................................ (rr)

Nuculites oblongatns Con................................................... (rr)

Loxonema delphicola Hall .................................................. (rr)

Lingnla sp ................................................................. (rr)

'Altitude of Palenville railroad station, according to a letter from C. A. .Beach, superintendent 

Catskill Mountain Railroad, ia 514 feet.

2 Tina part ol' the creek is frequently spelled Cauterslull.

3Prof. William M. Da-vis reported at tlio Big Palls "SpiriferaccuminatasmArnucronata, Grammysia 

bisulcata, and others' 1 (Appalachia, Vol. Ill, Juno 1882. p. 20), and later said that " Spirifermucronata and mediaiLi are both of common occurrence" at this locality (Bull. Mus. Com. Zoo'1., Geol. Ser., 

Vol.'l, No. X, January, 1883, p. 318).
70 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

CONCLUSIONS.

This study of the Devonian system in eastern Pennsylvania and NewYork offers an opportunity to compare the different series of rocks 

composing the system in that region with those of the more typical 

sections in central and western New Tori. A comparatively small 

amount of investigation has latterly been given to the rocks of this 

system in eastern New York, while their continuation in eastern and 

central Pennsylvania has received much attention. On this account 

it seems better at present to discuss more particularly the conclusions 

of the Pennsylvania survey. In reference to the work of the Pennsylvania geological survey it is but just to state that the complicated 

geologic structure of the State has been worked out in an admirable 

manner and the stratigraphic position of the various formations accurately determined, so that the State has reason to be proud of its most 

excellent geological atlas. But with the exception of the fossil plants 

of the carboniferous, the paleontology of the State has never received 

the attention it deserves. This failure to give paleontology its due 

consideration is evident in the correlations of the local formations of 

the Paleozoic rocks of the State with the typical sections of these 

formations in New York. If the writer be able to correlate more accurately a part of the Devonian system of Pennsylvania with rocks of 

the same age in New York, he realizes that it is because he has had 

the advantage of a thorough field study of these formations at their 

classic localities, supplemented by careful laboratory study of their 

fossils. The study of the New York sections and fossils was under 

the guidance of Dr. Henry S. Williams, then at Cornell University, 

who has added so much to our accurate knowledge of the Devonian 

system of the United States, and to whom the Avriter is greatly 

indebted for methods and suggestions in working out this problem.

The Marcellus shale at the base of the Middle Devonian is generally 

clearly defined, except in the upper part, where it changes rather gradually from the argillaceous to the more arenaceous shales of the overlying Hamilton stage. The presence of fossils usually indicates the 

stage to which the shales belong, although in one or two localities 

species generally regarded as restricted to the Marcellus were found 

associated with those of the Hamilton. Prof. Lesley has called attention to this gradual transition from the black Marcellus to the overlying Hamilton shales, and says " it is evident that the distinction between Marcellus and Hamilton formations is a purely arbitrary 

one, the Marcellus deposits being continued into the Hamilton age; 

no reason but their darker color justifying their name; as the deposit 

became coarser its color growing lighter, chiefly, in all probability, 

because fine or mud clay has the faculty of absorbing and retaining 

petroleum better than coarser or more sandy clay." l Still there seems 

as good reason for retaining the Ma,rcellus stage as that of many other

1 Sum. Desc., Geol. Penu., Vol. II, f. n., pp. 1204, 1205.
PROSSER.] CONCLUSIONS. 71

formations, for it is very often the case that the transition from one 

formation to another will not be sharply defined lithologically in some 

part of its area.

The Hamilton stage as mapped and denned in Pennsylvania consists 

principally of rather coarse arenaceous shales and thin sandstones; 1 

but to these deposits should be added the calcareo-arenaceous zone 

above, called Tully limestone, and the still higher, black, fossiliferous 

shales, called the Genesee. It has been shown in this paper that the 

so-called Tully and Genesee stages of Pennsylvania do not agree with 

the New York formations either in lithologic or paleontologic character. 

After the disappearance of the Tully limestone and Genesee black shale 

in central New York, there is very little evidence of the reappearance 

of either in eastern New York and Pennsylvania. Since this opinion 

is the reverse of that held by the Pennsylvania geologists, a brief review 

of the data offered in support of their correlation is in order.

Prof. White reports that ".the top of the Hamilton is mar Iced off 

everywhere in this district by the appearance of a dark, sandy fossil 

slate or shale, which seems to be identical with the Genesee black slate 

of the New York Eeports. * * * It is also quite fossiliferous, containing Spirifer mucronatus, Athyris spiriforoides, Microdon bellistriata, 

Tropidoleptus carinatus, and many other forms." 2

As might be inferred by one familiar with the Genesee outcrops of 

New York, the so-called Genesee of Pennsylvania does not closely 

resemble the lypical Genesee shales in lithologic character, but, on the 

other hand, it conspicuously resembles the Moscow zone at the top of 

the Hamilton stage. As far as the paleontology is concerned, it has 

already been shown (p. 41) that these species are not characteristic 

of the Genesee, and in fact as far as ray observation has extended 

they have never been found in undisputed Genesee shale, but are characteristic of the argillaceous shales in the Upper Hamilton. Furthermore, the difficulty of this correlation can uot be removed by the supposition that the above fossils were incorrectly identified, for the writer

"Prof. Lesley, in his chapter on tlie "Hamilton sandstone and shale," proposes tlio following classification for Ilie Hamilton of Pennsylvania:

[Upper......5 Moscow 8hales-

' Encrinal limestone. Hamilton...... <,,.,,. T , .

I Middle ...... .Ludlow sandstone. '

\ Lower....... .Skeneateles shale.

In the explanation of this plan tlio professor says: " Why should not the original Now York names, 

Moscow, Skeneateles, ho revived? But if so, the original New York name for tlio middle division, 

viz. Ludlotvville, would naturally accompany them or ho adopted in the simpler form of Ludlow, 

especially as Prnf. Hall justified its adoption by reference to its coincidence in time and fossils with 

the famous Ludlow formation ort2ngland."(Sum. Dcso. Geol. Penn., Vol. II, p. 1237.) It is true that 

when Prof. Hall wrote his final report on the Fourth Geological District of New York in 1843 ho 

compared the Lndlowvillo shales with the Ludlow rocks of England, hut that was before the lino 

separating the Devonian from the Upper Silurian had been determined with approximate precision, 

and such correlation was abandoned many years ago, for, as is well known, the Ludlow rocks of Englaudform theiipper group of the Upper Silurian, instead of belonging, with the Hamilton, to the Middle Devon inn.

2G°, pp. 107, 108.
72 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

lias collected them in the same shales, in association with other char 

acteristic Hamilton species. 1

The Tully limestone horizon was described as follows by Prof. White: 

u A great coral bed is found directly under the G-enesee shale at many 

localities in the district, corals, shells, and crinoids being- often so 

abundant as to constitute it an impure limestone." The following species 

were reported: " Zaphrentis Rafinesquii, Z. gigantea, Reliopliyllum Halli, 

together with several species of Syringopora, and other forms that I 

could not determine." Again: "Ther6 can be little doubt that this 

stratum represents the Tully limestone horizon of the New York Reports, 

and it thus becomes a valuable guide in correlating and classifying the 

rocks of the district." 2 It has already been pointed out that this zone 

does not lithologically resemble the Tully limestone of central New York, 

while none of the fossils mentioned by Prof. White are considered 

Tully species.3

In the prefatory letter to Prof. White's report of the following year, 

Prof. Lesley stated, "The presence of the Tully limestone, beneath the 

Genesee slates, in this part of Pennsylvania [central] is demonstrated." 4

As far as reported by Prof. White, the evidence in favor of this 

demonstration is as follows: In the account of the Devonian rocks of 

this district, the Tully limestone is described in the section on Little 

Fishing Greek, Columbia County, as "a series of dull gray and bluish 

gray impure limestones, weathering with a buffish tint, and often presenting a slaty appearance; usually quite fossiliferous,-the followingspecies being frequently present: Ambocoelia utiibonata, tfpirifera, ziczac, 

8, fimbriata, Orthis vanuxemi, Atrypa reticularis, Chonetes setigerns, 

Pliacops rana, Dalmanites callitelcs, Platyceras, sp ?, thickness 50 feet." 5

Of the above list of fossils, five 6 of them occur in the Tully limestone of New York; but none of the characteristic Tully species were

'The above remarks in reference to the so-called Geneseo of eastern Pennsylvania are not intended 

to apply to the horizon'.termed the Genesee group by Prof. Claypole in Perry County, in southern central Pennsylvania. The correlations of Prof. Claypole considered carefully the paleontology of the 

formations, and are the most accurate of tho Pennsylvania survey. Bis description of the formation 

as "black, almost uufossiliferous shale," agrees more closely with the New York shales, and tho 

Styliola fissurella Hall (F 2 , p. 69). which ho reports is a common Geneseo fossil, although it occurs in 

the Marcellus, Hamilton, Portage, and Ithaca stages.

*G6 , pp. 109,110.

3 See list of Tully species by Dr. H. S. Williams, in Bull. Gcol. Soc. Am., Vol. J, pp. 490, 491. 

Neither do they appear in the.Hst of Tully fossils by Prof. S. G. Williams in Sixth Ann. Kept. State 

Geol. [New York], 1887, p. 26. This list included some species usually regarded as not belonging to 

the Tnlly limestone, and for comment on this point see Bull. Geol. Soc., Vol. I, pp. 496, 497, and f. n. 

on p. 496.

"G 7 , p. VI.

c lbid., p. 75, Tho specific identification of this list is supposed to bo by Prof. Claypolo, and on p. 289 

the same species are reported as identified by Prof. Claypole, with 1*he exception of Orthis vanuxf.mi 

and Dalmanites calliteles, from the section along the Susquehanna River between Catawissa and 

Bloomsburg ferry, Columbia County. The Fishing Creek section is again mentioned by Prof. "White, 

who says, " The Tully limestone, No. 15, has the same ashen-gray cast with a tinge of buff on its 

weathered surface, and dark-blue color within, as everywhere else in the district. It is alsofossiliferous here, and in it were seen Phacops rana, Dalmanites calliteles, Ambocoelia umbonata. and others 

not determined" (pp. 228, 229).

0 Ambocoelia umbonata, Spirifera Jlmbriata, Atrypa reticula-ris, Phacops rana, and Dalmanites calliteles. (See list of important Tully species by Dr. II. S. Williams, in Bnl. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. I, p. 490).
GROSSER.] CONCLUSIONS. -73

*

reported, the above, as stated by Prof. White, being common Hamilton 

fossils.

In reference to the correlation of this horizon with the New York 

Tally, the professor said: "The Tully limestone is identified in this 

region only by its appearance; its fossils, as may be seen from the list 

above given [the one quoted above], are of the common Hamilton, 

forms. It may be merely the upper portion of the Hamilton; but as 

the beds immediately above it are certainly the representatives of the 

New York Genesee, there can be no impropriety in referring the limestone to the Tully horizon." 1

Recently Prof. White wrote me as follows: "With reference to the 

identification of the Tully limestone in G 7 ,it was entirely on the strength 

of the stratigraphic order, and not upon the fossils as then stated, so 

that it may well be a portion of the Hamilton." 2

The exposures referred to the Tully limestone in central Pennsylvania have not been examined by the writer; but since they contain 

fossils that occur in the typical Tully limestone, are capped by shales 

which are nearly nnfossiliferous (not by shales containing an abundant 

fauna of the Upper Hamilton, as in Monroe and Pike coilnties),it is 

possible that this horizon represents the Tully limestone of New York, 

and iu this case, the horizon is not the same stratigraphically as the 

so-called Tully limestone of Mouroe and Pike counties.

Prof. Lesley has considered particularly the Tully limestone in his 

final report, and it is important to review his opinion in reference to the 

Pennsylvania zone referred to this formation. He says: "In eastern 

New York, the Tully is wanting. From the Chenango River eastward 

a hundred miles, to the valley of the Hudson, at Catskill, no Tully limestone outcrop can be found between the Genesee and Hamilton formations; it was not deposited in this part of the sea; nor has it been seen 

in southern New York as far as the Delaware River; but its outcrop 

begins again in'Pike county on the eastern point of Pennsylvania and 

extends westward to the Lehigh River, a distance ot 60 niiles." :! A 

sketch map is given showing what is called the "Northern outcrop of 

the Tully" across central New York, and the "Southern outcrop of 

Tully limestone" across central and eastern Pennsylvania between the 

Susquehauna and Delaware Rivers. 4 It is further stated that between 

the north and the west branches of the Susquehanna River " the formation is at its thickest (60 feet), and its lithologic character the same as 

in New York. But, on the other hand, all its fossils are of Hamilton 

type, not a single peculiar New York Tully species having been as yet 

observed in it. On the Delaware it is nowhere more than 30 feet thick, 

retains its character, but holds no special Tully shells. The importance of these facts in their bearing upon our views of Paleozoic depo-

'.Tbid., p. 70.

2 Letter of Prof. White, January 19, 1802. 

"Sum. Dcsc. Geol. Penn., Vol. IT, p. 1313. 

"Ibiil., ]>. m-1.
74 PENNSYLVANIA*AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

sition can hardly be exaggerated. There is no mistake about the 

formation; it is everywhere the same kind of sediment, immediately 

succeeding the bluish sandy shale deposits of Hamilton age; immediately preceding the black mud deposits of Genesee age; laid down 

under the same conditions, filled generally with the same kind of 

animal remains, and apparently restricted to an area of great size 

indeed, but in reference to the whole Paleozoic water basin strictly 

local * * * while its two or three special or characteristic shells 

lived only in the northern part of its area." 1

Finally, Prof. Lesley, commenting upon Prof. Claypole's general section of Perry County, in which 30 feet of very fossiliferous shales at 

the top of the Hamilton were not referred to the Tully limestone, says: 

"If then this zone does not represent the Tully, or Ouboides zone of 

Williams, what does it represent? I can not see that x the absence of 

Atrypa cuboides (Rhynchonella venustula) from this perfectly well marked 

horizon on the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Juniata Eivers in Pennsylvania is of the slightest value, except to a paleontologist who cares 

little or nothing for rock sections. In fact, I can not but regard this as 

a flagrant instance of the superiority of stratigraphy -over paleontology in any broad study of our formations." 2

In the account of the different sections of this region, it has been 

shown that the lithologic character of the so-called Tully limestone of 

eastern Pennsylvania is not the same as the New York formation; its 

fossils are not Tully species, and it is not capped by the Genesee black 

shale; but OR the other hand by argillaceous shales containing abundant fossils characteristic of the Upper Hamilton. If a correlation of 

this zone with one of central and western New York were attempted, 

I would suggest the encrinal limestone separating the fossiliferous, 

argillaceous Ludlowville and Moscow shales. As the Pennsylvania 

horizon may be represented by any one of the several coral horizons in 

the Hamilton of New York, or by an entirely different zone, such a 

correlation of this zone is very hazardous without careful comparison 

of the species and stratigraphy.

Finally, if any notice be taken of the evident bias against paleontology, it might be said that this furnishes an excellent example of 

the superiority of the combination of stratigraphy and paleontology 

over that of stratigraphy and lithology " in any broad study of our 

formations."

At first Prof. White regarded the Portage stage as unrepresented 

in eastern Pennsylvania, and said: "It was found impossible to 

identify any of the beds between the base of the Oatskill and the top 

of the Hamilton with the Portage series of other portions of Pennsylvania, either on lithological or paleontological grounds, and hence I 

have applied the name Chemung to the entire interval, preferring to

'Loc. oit., p. 1315. »Ibid., p. 1322.
PROSSER.] CONCLUSIONS. 75

regard the Portage series as absent from this district. In this view 

of the matter I am influenced by several considerations, the chief of 

which are:

"First. The occurrence of characteristic Chemung fossils throughout 

the entire interval.

"Second. The total absence, so far as my observation has extended, 

of all the characteristic Portage fossils, not even a single Fucoid 

having been seen.

"Third. The Chemung character of the rocks considered lithologically, there being a total absence of those interstratified, hard, blue 

sandstones, which distinguish the Portage from the Chemuug." 1

While in the following report on central Pennsylvania is the statement, "I have found it impracticable to separate the Portage from the 

Chemung by any well-defined characters that would apply throughout 

the district; although it is very probable that 800 to 1,000 feet of the 

beds in the lower part of the group are the equivalents of the Portage 

beds in New York." 2 In a recent letter Prof. White states that he 

wishes the above statement to apply to Monroe and Pike Counties, and 

that the lower part of the formation called Chemung in those counties 

corresponds to the Portage of New York.3 The professor says: "I 

would let the Chemung epoch end with the appearance of the first red 

bed, and confine the Portage to the basal, sparingly fossiliferous, flaggy 

beds, which I find 1,000 to 1,500 feet thick above what I have in Pennsylvania, termed the G-enesee." 4

Prof. Claypole described rocks containing Cardiola speciosa (now 

Glyptocardia) in Perry County, Avhich are apparently quite similar to 

the portage of central and western New York:5 while Prof. Lesley 

says, " On the Delaware Eiver, in Pike, Monroe, and Carbon counties, 

as well as eastward toward the Hudson, and arbund the eastern and 

northern foot slope of the Catskill Mountains, in New York, the Portage formation can not be recognized as distinct from the overlying 

Chemung. In nearly 2,000 feet of strata from the Genesee black 

slate upward, no characteristic Portage fossil has been seen. Not a 

single seaweed has been found. All the shells are of Chemung type. 

There is a total absence of those hard, blue sandstones which distinguish the Portage in New York." 6

From the preceding part of this paper wt Q lea,rn that the fossils of 

this formation are not characteristic Chemung species; but that they 

constitute a modified Hamilton fauna, similar to the faunas that occur

'Gr", 1882, p. 104.

"G7 , 1883, p. 08. In tho descriptions of the section along the North Branch Railroad, near Rupert 

(p. 70), and the Fishing Creek (p. 228), in Columbia County, it is stated Mint Portage rocks may bo 

present.

"Letter of February 22, 1892.

'Letter of January 19, 1892.

«F2 , 1885, p. 09.

"Sum. Desc. Geol. Peun., Vol. IT, 1892,-pp. 1304, ]3Gf>.
76 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BUM.. 120.

in central and eastern New York below the Qneonta sandstone, after 

the Tully limestone and Genesee shale have disappeared.

In reference to this correlation it is interesting to state that one of 

the New York geologists looked over the 'Spragueville collection, 

called it "high Hamilton" and said that it did not represent the Chemung at all. It might be added that collections from the so-called 

Tully, Genesee, and Ohemung have been shown different New York 

geologists, not one of whom agrees with the correlation of the Pennsylvania survey.

The correlation of the "Chemung" of eastern Pennsylvania with the 

New York formation presents a more difficult problem than that of the 

"Genesee and Tully limestone," but I would call it Lower Portage. 

This subject has been considered quite fully in,a recent paper, and 

some of the data in favor of such correlation" may be found in that 

article.1

The Starucca sandstone was at first regarded as the base of the 

Catskill,2 but in the following report it was considered as probably 

Upper Chemung.3

Finally, Prof. White writes: "My own opinion is that we should 

separate the Chemung and Catskill at the horizon of the lowest red 

beds, for these seem to come in at about the same general zone everywhere, and it is the only, possible means of separation, for if we only 

rely upon, fossils alone we can follow them up through the series until 

they leave us no Catskill at all, when we know absolutely we have 

1,000 to 2,000 feet of them at these very localities." 4

Any geologist who has followed this series of rocks from central 

New York eastward to the Catskills, and then along their eastern slope 

into Pennsylvania, knows very well that the red beds appear at different horizons in various parts of the area, and also realizes the utter 

impossibility of indicating the same approximate horizon by drawing 

a line through the lowest red beds.5

The Starucca sandstone is still left by Prof. Lesley as theliase of 

the Catskill.6

'Prosser, Am. Jour. Science, 3d ser., Vol. XLVI, pp. 212-230.

2 Prof. White, G6 , p. 102, -\vhoro it is stated: "In Wayno and Siisqueluuma counties the Catskill 

series is terminated below by a bed of greenish-gray sandy shales in which are often interstratified 

thin beds of sandstone which rarely become massive. From its occurrence near Starvicca it was called 

tho Starucca shale."

s Tho professor said, "it seems probable that tho COO fep.fc of grayish-green beds at the top of tho 

Chemung in Pike and Monroe, which in G c were referred to the Catskill, under the name of Starucca 

beds, may be tho equivalent of a portion of the Upper Chemung of this district, and therefore erroneously referred to tho Catskill in Gfl (G7 , p. 73).

4 Letter o f February 22, 1802. t

6 Tho most recent expression of this fact is T>y Mr. N. H. Darton, who says: " Tho lowest red beds 

have often been used-as a criterion of discrimination between Chemung and Catskill, but they vary 

in stratigraphic position from tho upper beds of tho Hamilton, in eastern N"ow York, to near the base 

of tho Lower Carboniferous, in northwestern Pennsylvania, a difference in horizon of several thousand feet." (Am. Jour. Sci. 3d ser. Vol. XLV, p. 208).

°Sco Sum. Desc. Geol. Peun., Vol. II., 1892, pp. 1576, 1585, 1597.
pRossEE.1 CONCLUSIONS. 77

The problem of the separation of the Chemung and Catskill was 

presented in an admirable manner by Prof. Stevenson, in his address 

before Section E of the American Association for the Advancement 

of Science, at its Washington meeting. 1 The Delaware River section 

was considered, and the professor proposed to draw the line separating 

the, Cheinung from the Catskill, between the Montrose red shale and 

the Montrose sandstone,2 and he says, UA remarkable feature of the 

Chemnng is the nonfossiliferous area of southeastern New York and 

the adjacent portion of Pennsylvania.'73 Furthermore, "The area in 

which the lifeless portion of the column reaches much below the horizon of the Lackawaxen conglomerate embraces parts of Carbon, 

Monroe, 1'ike, and Wayne Counties, of Pennsylvania, and Sullivan, 

Delaware, and Greene Counties, of New York, contains rather more 

than 4,000 square miles, while the whole area under consideration is 

more than 30,000 square miles. To explain the absence of life is not 

easy; it can not be due merely to an argent which caused the redness 

or greenness of the beds, for in Huntingdon and Fulton Counties, of 

Pennsylvania, the Montrose shales have many fossiliferous beds, though 

having also many green and red beds. Besides, the Delaware, section 

shows a great thickness of beds of other colors, which are equally 

without animal remains." 4

The writer did not find sufficient evidence to justify an attempt to 

indicate any sharp line between the Portage and Chemung and 

Chemung and Catskill stages of this region. In the Delaware flags 

Ortlionota (^parvula Hall was found, while still higher, near the transition from the Montrose shales to the Honesdale sandstones, Spirifera 

mesastrialis Hall and Leda diversa Hall ( 1) occur. The fossils seem to 

indicate that these rocks are not younger than the Lower Chemuug; and 

in feet the geologist who has latterly given the Chemurig-Catskill 

problem the most careful study remarked, on seeing the specimens, 

"This fauna is not as high as the Chemung, which would be characterized by Spirifera disjuncta Sow." It will be noticed that this interpretation of the section agrees more nearly with the correlation of Prof. 

Stevenson than with that indicated by the other Pennsylvania geologists 

for eastern Pennsylvania. It is probable that, beginning with the 

greenish shales and sandstones of the Starucca and the New Milford 

red shales, there is a series of deposits equivalent to the Oneonta sandstone of New York, which, as is well known, gradually passes into beds 

of typical Middle and Upper Portage in central New York.

The correlation of the Devonian system of eastern Pennsylvania, as 

Indicated above, may be shown in the following table:

1 " Tho Chomnng and Catskill (Upper Devonian) on the eastern side of the Appalachian Basin," 

Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. Sci., vol. 40, 1892, p. 219. See an additional paper by Prof. Stevenson, in Am. 

 Jour. Sci., 3d sor., Vol. XL VI, p. 330.

2 Loc. cit,., p. 227.

3 Loc. cit., p. 240.

"Loc. cit., p. 241.
78 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [BULL. 120.

Table showing the geologic position and character of the formations composing the Devonian 

system of eastern Pennsylvania.

Lower 

Carboniferous.

Devonian. "Upper 

Middle Devonian.

Lower Devonian.

Pocono.

Catskill.

'

Chemung.

Hamilton.

Corniferous.

Mount Pleasant conglomerate - -

Mou

Elk Mountain sandstone and 

shales.

Cher

Hon

and Che- (including Oneonta) Portage 

(ot'Prosser). mung 

Starucca sandstone .......

Chemung (of White) 

(Paracyclaslirata atage(?) 

of lower Portage, Prosser).

Genesee shale. ) w ,. Tally limestone. j Wantln6-

G-onesee shale (offHamil-] 

White); Tully lime- 1 ton of 1 

stone (of "White); Ham- 1 Pros-( 

ilton (of White). { ser. J

Mar

Upper Helderberg (Corniferous limestone).

Cau

About 50 feet 1 in thickness.

Eed shale interstratified with greenish-gray 

sandstones; 300 feet in thickness.

Greenish sandstones and shales; 200 foetl 

(?).

Eed arenaceous shale at base with two massive conglomerate layers at top separated . , 

by shale; 325 feet (?). g -g

,o

S1 

Somewhat pebbly sandstones, with some £. 

shaly, reddish sandstone.

Mainly red shale, but some greenish argillaceous shale. In upper part highest lossils, Spirifera mesastrialis Hall.

Greenish gray thin sandstones and shales 

with some red shale. Orthonota (?) parmda, 

Hall in lower par b; 1,200 feet.

Ked shale; 100 feet.

Greenish gray massive sandstones ; 600 feet.

Olive and gray micaceous sandstones, with 

thin arenaceous shales, moderately fossiliferous; 1,150 feet (?).

The lower part consists of thin sandstones and 

arenaceous shales ; next is a somewhat calcareous zone, and at the top argillaceous, 

fossiliferous shales; 1,400 feet.

The lower shales are grayish, becoming very 

dark in the upper part; '800 feet (?).

Cherty limestone ; 200 feet.

Sandstones and arenaceous slates ; 250 feet.

1 The thickness of the formations given in this table is in the main the same as that given by Prof. 

"White in G6 (see p. 76, etc.).
NDEX.

Page. 

Allabun.X.Y.................................................................................. 64

Anticlinal fold, McMichaels Creek ............................................................ -3

"Wcissporfc........................................-..-...............-.................:... 17

Ashbunier, C. A., cited......................................................................... 12

Barry villo, ]Sr. Y............................................................................... 44

Bartousvillo, Pa............................................................................... 16,17

Big Indian, N. Y .............................................................................. 64

Boiceville, N. Y................................................................................ 01

Bowmans Station, Pa.......................................................................... 19

Bristol Hill, N".Y............................................................................. 51

Brodlieads Bridge, N. Y....................................................................... CO

Brodheads Creek, ]ST. Y., Corriiferous limestone on............................................. 3

BusliMll, Pa................................................................................... 29

Cauda-galli grit................................................................................ 3,52

Chcmung, fauna of............................................................................ 14

Cherry Ridge Group.......................................................................... 17

Clark, J. M., cited ............................................................................ 57

Claypole, E. "W...............:................................................................ 12,75

Cornifettras limestone ........................................................................ 3, 4, 5, 52

Ciuldebackville, X. Y ......................................................................... 47

Darton, N. H.. cited on Cliemuug.............................................................. C8

Davis, AYm. M., cited ......................................................................... 51

Dawson, "Win., cited........................................................... 49, 50, 56, 57, 58, 59, 04, 67

Delaware River flags.......................................................................... 13

Devonian system of eastern Pennsylvania, classification of.................................... 73

Dingmans, Pa ..................... v .......................................................... 30

Edgowood, N. Y....................'........................................................... 66

Etninons, E.,' cited on Tully limestone......................................................... 7

Foiitaine, Win. M., cited ...................................................................... 50

Fossils, Chonum jr.............................................................................. 14

Hamilton..... 5,0,8,15,16,18,19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40,41, 42, 46, 47,48, 53, 54, 60

Marcellns slialcs ............................................... .......................... 4, 27, 60

Portage .............................................................. 9,10, 24, 25, 27, 31,32, 34, 43,47

"Whdto's Chemung.................................................... 9,10,16, 23, 24,25,31, 32, 34,43

White's Gcneseo shales....................................................... 8,18,19, 26, 35, 37,40

White's Tully limestone................................................................... 6, 27

Fossil plants....................................... 14,45,47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63,6<1, 05, 67

Grand Hotel station, JJ. Y ..................................................................... 64

Gravel Place, Pa............................................................................... 5

Guyot, A., cited ............................................................................... 06, 67, 68

Hall, James, cited.............................................................................. 9, 67

Haines Falls, N. Y............................................................................. 66

Hamilton, fauna of........................................................................... 5, 6, 8,15,

16,18,19, 20, 21,22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,40, 41,42, 46,47,48, 53, 54, 69 

Henry ville, Pa................................................................................. 13,14

llonosdalo sandstones ......................................................................... 14

Kingston, !N. Y .................................................................................. 52

Lackawaxen, Pa............................................................................... 44

Lauesville,N.Y ............................................................................... 65

Lehighton station, Pa ..........:................................,.^......................... 17,18,19

79
80 INDEX.

	Page. 

Lesley, J. P., cited ..............................................1.............................. 17,29

on transition from Marcellus to Hamilton................................................. 70

on Tully limestone...;.................................................................... 72, 73,74

on Ohemnng............................................................................... 75

Lesquereux, Loo, cited.....;.............................'...................................... 50, 57

Lower Helderberg..................................................... ....................... 52

McMichafils Creek, shales on.................................................................. 4

Marcellus shales .............................................................................. 3,0

fauna of ................................................................................... 4, 27, 29

Marshalls Falls, Pa ...........^............................................................... 20

Matber, AVm., cited............................................................................ 55,08

Meek, P. B., cited..........................................'..........-......................... 12

Milford, Pa,.................................................................................... 33

Montrose red shale ............................................................................ 13, 77

 flora, of...................................................................................... 14

Mount Pleasant, 1ST. T.......................................................................... 02

Mount Pleasant conglomerate .^............................................................... 15

Karrowsburg, X. T............................................................................ 45

if atliorst, Dr., cited ............................................................................ 66

New Milford red sliale ....................................................................... 13, 44, 77

Oakland, Pa ................................................................................... 15

Olive Branch, if. T ............................................................................. GO

Olive Bridge, 1ST. T............................................................................ 60

Penhallow, D. P., cited ........................................................................ 56,59

Phoenicia, IT. T ................................................................................. 62

Pocouo Mountain.............................................................................. 15

Pond Eddy, Pa ................................................................................ 44

Portage, fauna of............................................................. 9,10, 24,25, 31,32,34,43,47

Port Jervis, N. Y .............................................................................. ;i9

Port Orange, N. Y............................................................................ 48

Rogers, H. D., cited ................................. ................;....................... 57

Roudout, N. Y................................................................................. 51

Rose Point, N. Y .............................................................................. 45

Section, Adams Creek ......................................................................... 32

Brodhead Creek ........................................................................... 6

Bushkill creeks. -.......................................................................... 25

Delaware River............................................................................ 40

Dingmaris Creek........................................................................... 30

Esopus Creek;.............................................................................. 60

Hornbecks Creek............................................ 1-............................ 29

Kaaterskill Creek......................................................................... 66

Lehigh River...........................................'......-............................ 17

Marshalls Creek........................................................................... 20

Neversink River........................................................................... 45

Pocouo Creek.............................................................................. 15

Pocono Knob.............................................................................. 15,17

Raymondskill Creek....................................................................... 33

Saw Creek................................................................................. 25

Sa\vkillCreek ............................................................................. 34

along "W. and D. Railroad................................................................. 51

Shohola, Pa.................................................................................... 44

Smock, J. C., cited ............................................................................ 55

Sparrowbush, N. T............................................................................ 40,42

Spragueville, Pa .........................................................'..................... 9,10,13 -

Starucca sandstone........................................................................... 12,76,77

Stevenson, J. J., cited........................................................................ 12,14,15

on separation of Chemuug and Catskill.................................................... 77

Stony Clove station, N. Y ..................................................................... 66

Stony Hollow, IST. Y ............................................................................ 53

Stroudsburg, Pa............................................................................... 3,4

'Table of geologic range of Hamilton fossils ................................................... 36

Tobyhanna, Pa................................................................................ 15

Tully limestone.................._.......................,,..................................... 7,20

VanIngen, Gilbert, cited...................................................................... 65

Vanuxem, L., cited............................................................................ 7.8
INDEX. 81

Page. 

Weissport, Pa................................................................................ 17,18,19

AVest Brookville, N. Y ........................................................................ 49

West Hurley, N. T............................................................................ 55

AVest Shokan, N. T............................................................................ 61

AVhite, I. C., cited...............................................'................... 12,14,17.19,25,57

on absence of trilobites.................................................................... 28

on Catskill................................................................................ 32,33,76

on Cheraung................................................'.... 9,10,11,13,16,23,25,31, 32,34,43,74

on Genesee shale .............................................................. 8,26,28,36,39,41,71

011 Marcellus fossils .................. 1.................................................... 4

on Marshalls falls exposures .............................................................. 21

on Tally limestone .................................................................... 26, 33, 72,73

Williams, H. S.,.cited on Tully limestone ..................................................... 7

acknowledgments to....................................................................... 70

Williams, S. G., cited.......................................................................... 7

AVinslow, Arthur, cited ........................................................................ 17

Wurtsboro', N. T ............................................................................. 4»

Bull. 120 0