Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

1 | Page

Introduction, Project Area and Preliminary Determinations 

In October 1990, the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) western 

Oregon District’s (Coos Bay, Eugene, Medford, Roseburg and Salem) and the Klamath Falls Field Office 

of the Lakeview District completed the eligibility phase of a Wild and Scenic River (WSR) evaluation as

part of the resource management plan (RMP) revision process (BLM 1995). The result of this planning 

effort was the identification of fifty-one eligible river segments across the western Oregon.

This study process assesses the suitability of these fifty-one river segments that have been previously 

identified as eligible components of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The project area for this 

suitability study includes all river segments within the BLM’s western Oregon district boundaries that 

have been determined to meet the eligibility criteria for Wild and Scenic Rivers.

Table 2 shows the preliminary suitability determinations for each segment. Of the 51 stream segments 

determined to be eligible in the 1990 RMP process, the BLM determined that 6 segments are suitable for 

Wild and Scenic River designation, while 45 segments were found not suitable during the BLM’s 

administrative process.

Why Conduct a Suitability Study and Why Now? 

Section 5(d)(1) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Public Law 90-542; 16 US Code 1271-1287) directs 

Federal agencies to consider potential Wild and Scenic Rivers in their land use planning process. To 

fulfill this requirement, whenever the BLM undertakes a land use planning effort (for example, an RMP) 

it may choose to analyze river and stream segments that might be eligible or suitable for inclusion in the 

National Wild and Scenic Rivers System (NWSRS).

Six Western Oregon BLM districts are simultaneously revising their respective RMPs for BLMadministered public lands under one environmental impact statement (EIS). This WSR suitability study is 

being conducted now because the BLM has made the decision to perform suitability determinations as 

part of the RMP process.

Suitability Phase 

The purpose of the suitability phase of the study process is to determine whether eligible rivers would be 

appropriate additions to the NWSRS by considering tradeoffs between corridor development and river 

protection. The suitability evaluation does not result in actual designation but is only a suitability 

determination for designation. The BLM cannot administratively designate a river as the result of a 

planning decision or other agency decision into the NWSRS, and no segment studied is designated or will 

be automatically designated as part of the NWSRS. Rivers found not suitable by the managing agency 

conducting the suitability study would be dropped from further consideration for inclusion into the 

National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.

Section 1: Executive Summary 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

2 | Page

What is a Wild and Scenic River? 

Congress enacted the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSR Act) on October 2, 1968, to address the need for 

a national system of river protection. As an outgrowth of a national conservation agenda in the 1950s and 

1960s, the WSR Act was in response to the dams, diversions, and water resource development projects 

that occurred on America’s rivers between the 1930s and 1960s. The WSR Act stipulated that selected 

rivers should be preserved in a free flowing condition and be protected for the benefit and enjoyment of 

present and future generations. Since 1968, the WSR Act has been amended many times, primarily to 

designate additional rivers and to authorize the study of other rivers for possible inclusion into the 

NWSRS.

The WSR Act seeks to protect and enhance a river’s natural and cultural values and to provide for public 

use consistent with its free flowing character, water quality, and Oustandingly Remarkable Values 

(ORVs). A WSR designation affords certain legal protection from development. For instance, new dams 

cannot be constructed, and Federally-assisted water resource development projects that might negatively 

affect the designated river values are not permitted within the designated segment. Where private lands 

are involved, the Federal-managing agency works with local governments and landowners to develop 

protective measures.

As of June 2009, 203 river segments, totaling over 12,560 miles, had been protected in the NWSRS 

(Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Coordinating Council 2010). These nationally recognized rivers 

make up a valuable network of natural and cultural resources, scenic beauty, and recreational 

opportunities.

Steps in the Wild and Scenic Study Process 

A WSR study process is composed of two main components: the eligibility phase and the suitability 

phase. At this point, the BLM has completed the eligibility phase and is completing the suitability phase 

for all eligible rivers within the planning area for the western Oregon RMP. The eligibility and suitability 

phases were conducted in accordance with BLM Manual 6400 Wild and Scenic Rivers - Policy and 

Program Direction for Identification, Evaluation, Planning, and Management (BLM 2012), The Wild 

and Scenic River Study Process Technical Report (Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Coordinating 

Council 1999), and with the WSR Act.

Eligibility Phase 

The eligibility phase was completed for the western Oregon BLM districts in October 1990. Below is a 

brief description of the steps, which were implemented in completing the eligibility phase. The process 

described in the following paragraphs has been completed and is included here as a reference. For a 

complete description of the segments analyzed and methodology used, see the BLM’s Final Wild and 

Scenic River Eligibility Reports for each western Oregon BLM District (BLM 1990).

River and Stream Identification 

The WSR Act defines a river as, “a flowing body of water or estuary or a section, portion, or tributary 

thereof, including rivers, streams, creeks, runs, kills, rills, and small lakes.” All rivers, which have the 

potential for WSR designation, must be identified and evaluated. Rivers identified for review may be 

divided into segments for evaluation purposes. There are no specific requirements for segment length.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

3 | Page

A river study area extends the length of the identified river segment and includes the river area, its 

immediate environment, and shall total an average of no more than 320 acres per mile from ordinary 

high-water mark on both sides of the river.

Eligibility Evaluation 

Each identified river segment shall be evaluated to determine whether it is eligible for inclusion as a 

component of the NWSRS. Determinations of eligibility shall be documented by the authorized officer 

(BLM Field Office Manager) prior to the formulation of alternatives but no later than the release of the 

draft land management plan or land management plan amendment.

The WSR Act states that, in order to be found eligible, a river segment must be “free flowing” and 

contain at least one river-related valued considered “outstandingly remarkable.”

Free flowing is defined by section 16(b) of the WSR Act as “existing or flowing in natural condition 

without impoundment, diversion, straightening, riprapping, or other modification of the waterway.” The 

existence of small dams, diversion works, or other minor structures at the time the river is being 

considered should not automatically disqualify it for consideration as a potential addition to the NWSRS.

Congress did not intend to require rivers to be “naturally flowing,” in other words, flowing without any 

upstream manipulation except by nature. The presence of impoundments above or below the segment 

(including those that may regulate flow regime through the segment), or existing minor dams or diversion 

structures within the study reach do not eliminate a river from consideration.

To be considered outstandingly remarkable, a river’s related value must be a unique, rare, or exemplary 

feature that is significant at a comparative regional or national scale.

Assign Tentative Classification 

If the eligibility phase determines segments to be eligible, the appropriate agency shall assign a tentative 

classification and management measures needed to ensure appropriate protection of the values supporting 

the eligibility and classification determinations. There are three classes for rivers designated under the 

WSR Act: Wild, Scenic, and Recreational. Classes are based on the type and degree of human 

development and access associated with the river and adjacent lands at the time of the eligibility 

determination. The classification does not reflect the types of values present along a river segment. The 

classification assigned during the eligibility phase is tentative and may be changed by the managing 

agency in the final RMP in order to fit with other land management prescriptions, provided the revised 

classification was analyzed in the Draft RMP as part of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 

(NEPA) process. Final classification is a congressional legislative determination, along with designation 

of a river segment as part of the NWSRS.

Results of the Eligibility Phase 

The eligibility studies previously completed determined fifty individual segments within BLMadministered lands in western Oregon met the eligibility criteria for inclusion into the NWSRS. Under the 

1995 RMPs, the Record of Decisions included these 51 river segments as eligible candidates for the 

National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. These segments are currently managed under interim protection 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

4 | Page

until the BLM makes land use plan decisions regarding their suitability. As part of the current planning 

effort, the BLM studied these 51 eligible segments for suitability. Table 1, identifies the 51 eligible rivers, 

their outstandingly remarkable values, total miles, and acres of BLM-administered lands within study 

river corridors.

Table 1. Eligible Wild and Scenic Rivers within the western Oregon planning area.

Study River Name Outstandingly Remarkable Values Total 

(Miles)

BLM-administered 

Lands (Acres)

Alsea River Fish, Recreation 16.5 404

Antelope Creek Fish 21 718

Applegate River Fish 48 839

Big Butte Creek Fish 12 706

Cheney Creek Fish 7 710

Clackamas River Recreation, Fish 15.4 30

Cow Creek Fish 61 3339

Drift Creek Fish 30.1 150

Elk Valley Creek Fish 6 464

Fall Creek - Eugene Recreation 2 87

Fall Creek - Salem Fish 11.7 670

Kilches River Fish, Recreation 15.7 66

Lake Creek Fish, Recreation 19.4 483

Left Fork Foots Creek Fish 4 131

Little Applegate River Fish 23 1367

Little Luckiamute 

River Ecology 27.1 40

Little North Santiam 

River Fish, Recreation, Scenery 17.2 1,205

Lobster Creek Fish 16.6 352

Luckiamute River Cultural, Ecology 61.2 623

McKenzie River Fish, Recreation, Scenery 48.7 1,203

Middle Santiam River Cultural, Ecology 7.9 193

Nehalem River Recreation, Fish 123.6 40

Nelson Creek Fish 9.7 833

Nestucca River 

Segment B Recreation, Wildlife 8 212

North Fork Clackamas 

River Fish 14.4 389

North Fork Gate Creek Fish 1.7 199

North Fork Siletz 

River Fish, Recreation, Scenery 66.2 54

North Fork Trask 

River Fish, Recreation 19.5 444
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

5 | Page

Study River Name Outstandingly Remarkable Values Total 

(Miles)

BLM-administered 

Lands (Acres)

North Santiam River Fish, Recreation, Scenery 46 375

Quines Creek Fish 7 816

Riffle Creek Fish 6 762

Rogue River Fish, Recreation 63 708

Sams Creek Fish 8 497

Sandy River Recreation, Fish Cultural, Scenery 26.3 1519

Siletz River Fish, Recreation, Scenery 66.2 54

Sixes River Fish, Historic 28.9 281

South Fork Coos River Fish, Recreation 31.6 551

South Fork Coquille Fish, Prehistoric 35.2 152

South Fork Gate Creek Fish 2.1 108

South Fork Little Butte 

Creek Fish 24.5 452

South Fork Trask 

River Fish 9.3 69

South Umpqua Cultural, Fish, Historic, Wildlife 75.2 602

South Yamhill River Cultural, Ecology 62.5 0

Molalla River-Table 

Rock Fork Cultural 13.4 1,480

Trask River Fish, Recreation, Wildlife 19.5 444

Tualatin River Cultural 80.4 326

Umpqua River Fish, Geologic, Historic, Prehistoric, 

Recreation, Scenery 109.5 2,403

West Fork Illinois 

River Scenery 17 1154

Willamette River Cultural, Ecology, Fish, Recreation, Wildlife 161.3 83

Wilson River Fish, Recreation, Wildlife 30.8 108

Yaquina River Fish 54.38 269

Totals 1,692.7 29,378

Suitability Phase 

The purpose of the suitability phase of the study process is to determine whether eligible segments would 

be appropriate additions to the NWSRS by considering tradeoffs between corridor development and river 

protection. The suitability evaluation does not result in actual designation but only a determination of 

suitability, which provides a basis for determining which rivers, should be recommended for inclusion 

into the National System. The BLM cannot administratively designate a stream via a planning decision or 

other agency decision into the NWSRS, and no segment studied is designated or will be automatically 

designated as part of the NWSRS. Only Congress can designate a Wild and Scenic River. In some 

instances, the Secretary of the Interior may designate a WSR when the governor of a state, under certain 

circumstances, petitions for a river to be designated. Members of Congress will ultimately try to designate 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

6 | Page

suitable segments through proposed legislation. Rivers found not suitable by the managing agency 

conducting the suitability study would be dropped from further consideration for inclusion into the 

National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.

As part of the current planning effort, the BLM studied these fifty-one eligible segments for suitability as 

part of this Environmental Impact Study planning process. This Draft Suitability Report and subsequent 

determinations are included in Section 3 of this document. Table 2 identifies the six eligible Wild and 

Scenic Rivers within the planning are that were found suitable for inclusion into the National System.

Table 2. Suitable Wild and Scenic River determinations within the western Oregon planning area.

River Segment Name District Wild and Scenic River Classification River Miles

Little North Santiam River Salem Recreation 17

North Fork Siletz Salem Scenic 11

Rogue River Medford Recreation 63

Sandy River Salem Recreation 26

Table Rock Fork Molalla Salem Recreation 13

West Fork Illinois Medford Scenic 17

Totals 147
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

7 | Page

Section 2: Methodology 

This section describes the methodology implemented to evaluate eligible river segments for suitability.

The criteria used to evaluate Eligible River and stream segments are those described in BLM Manual 

6400, Wild and Scenic Rivers- Policy and Program Direction for Identification, Evaluation, Planning and 

Management (BLM 2012) and recommendations from the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers 

Coordinating Council (1999).

Suitability Criteria Used To Evaluate River and Stream 

Segments 

A suitability study is designed to answer the following questions to determine whether eligible rivers 

would be appropriate additions to the NWSRS:

• Should the river’s free flowing character, water quality, and ORVs be protected, or are one or 

more other uses important enough to warrant doing otherwise?

• Will the river’s free flowing character, water quality, and ORVs be protected through 

designation? Is it the best method for protecting the river corridor? In answering these questions, 

the benefits and impacts of WSR designation must be evaluated, and alternative protection 

methods considered.

• Is there a demonstrated commitment to protect the river by any non-Federal entities that may be 

partially responsible for implementing protective management?

As provided in the WSR Act and incorporating the above guidance from the Interagency Wild and Scenic 

Rivers Coordinating Council (1999), the following 13 suitability criteria factors, identified in BLM 

Manual Section 6400 (BLM 2012), were applied to each eligible river segment in the suitability study:

1. Characteristics that do, or do not, make the area a worthy addition to the National System. These 

characteristics (free flowing and outstandingly remarkable values) are described in the WSR ACT

and may include additional factors.

2. The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

3. The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

4. The extent to which the agency proposes the administration of the river, including the costs 

thereof, be shared by state and local agencies. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

8 | Page

5. The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river, including the costs 

thereof, be shared by state and local agencies.

6. The estimated cost to the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land within the 

corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National System.

7. A determination of the extent that the state or its political subdivisions might participate in the 

preservation and administration of the river should it be proposed for inclusion in the National 

System.

8. An evaluation of local zoning and other use controls in protecting the river’s outstandingly 

remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

9. The state/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly remarkable values 

on non-Federal lands. This factor requires an evaluation of the river protection mechanisms 

available through the authority of state and local governments. Such mechanisms may include, 

for example, statewide programs related to population growth management, vegetation 

management, water quantity or quality, or protection of river-related values such as open space 

and historic areas.

10. The support of opposition to designation that exists. Assessment of this factor will define the

political context. The interest in designation or non-designation by Federal agencies; state, local, 

and tribal governments; national and local publics; and the state’s congressional delegation 

should be considered.

11. The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in meeting 

regional objectives. Designation may help or impede the goals of tribal governments or other 

Federal, state, or local agencies. For example, designation of a river may contribute to state or 

regional protection objectives for fish and wildlife resources. Similarly, adding a river that 

includes a scarce recreation activity or setting to the National System may help meet statewide 

recreation goals. Designation might, however, limit irrigation and/or flood control measures in a 

manner inconsistent with regional socioeconomic goals.

12. The contribution to river system or basin integrity. This factor reflects the benefits of a “systems” 

approach (e.g., expanding the designated portion of a river in the National System or developing a 

legislative proposal for an entire river system-headwaters to mouth-or watershed). Numerous 

benefits may result from managing an entire river or watershed, including the ability to design a 

holistic protection strategy in partnership with other agencies and the public.

13. The potential for water resources development. The intent of the WSR ACT is to preserve 

selected rivers from the harmful effects of water resources projects. Identify any proposed water 

resource projects that may be foregone, as designation will limit development of water resources 

projects as diverse as irrigation and flood control measures, hydropower facilities, dredging, 

diversion, bridge construction, and channelization.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

9 | Page

Data Sources and Methodology 

BLM relied on several sources; including geographic information systems data, district specific resource 

area specialists, contracted workers, public and agency specific information sources, other agencies, and

public input. The result was a compilation of data applicable to the suitability criteria. This data was then 

used to determine the suitability of a particular segment.

Geographical Information Systems 

Geographic information systems data compiled by the BLM were used to generate segment maps. This 

information was also utilized, where appropriate to address suitability criteria factors.

BLM Interdisciplinary Team 

The BLM interdisciplinary team consisted of outdoor recreation planners, hydrologists, fisheries

biologists, wildlife biologists, planning and environmental coordinators, botanists, and other key 

specialists from each BLM district and the Oregon/Washington BLM State Office within the planning 

area. The interdisciplinary team provided information pertaining to suitability criteria factors and 

reviewed data from additional sources, such as agency and public input for accuracy. Once all available 

data was compiled, the team evaluated each segment and made a suitability determination.

Public Input 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the 4 recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey. A 

summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

Southwest Suitability Area Overview 

The Southwest Wild and Scenic River Suitability Report encompasses all eligible Wild and Scenic Rivers 

within the Roseburg and Medford Districts and the Klamath Falls Resource Area of the Lakeview 

District. Map 1. provides a spatial overview of the proposed rivers indicating those rivers that were found 

suitable and non-suitable during this administrative review.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

11 | Page

Section 3: Western Oregon Wild and Scenic River 

Suitability Reports 

This section presents the data collected for each eligible river segment in a narrative format and the 

resulting BLM determination of suitability. Data collection was guided by the 13 specific criteria 

described in section 2.1, and data are presented for each segment in the order below:

• Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the NWRS;

• The status of land ownership and minerals (surface and subsurface) use in the area, including the 

amount of private land involved and associated or incompatible uses;

• Reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and related waters that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the NWSRS, and values that would be 

foreclosed or diminished if the area were not designated;

• Federal, state, tribal, local, public, or other interest in designating or not designating the river;

• Estimated cost of acquiring necessary lands, interests in lands, and administering the area if 

designated;

• Ability of the agency to manage and protect the river area or segment as a WSR, or other means 

to protect the identified values other than WSR designation;

• Historical or existing rights that could be adversely affected with the designation;

• Adequacy of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s ORVs by 

preventing incompatible development;

• Consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, or policies;

• Contribution to a river system watershed or basin integrity; and

• Other issues and concerns, if any.

This administrative determination will receive further review and possible modification before potential 

recommendation by the Director of the Bureau of Land Management to the Secretary of the Interior, by 

the Secretary to the President of the United States, and by the President to Congress. Congress has the 

authority to make final decisions on designation of rivers as part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers 

System. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

12 | Page

Impacts that would occur from designating or not designating the suitable river segments have been 

analyzed in chapter three of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) associated with the western 

Oregon RMP. The BLM will consider public review and comment on suitability determinations included 

in the Draft RMP EIS before it makes a final suitability determination. Maps and corresponding reports 

have been included for all eligible rivers segments. River specific information can be accessed at the 

BLM district office that completed the suitability determination or at the following web link:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/deis.php

Section 3: Medford District Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Reports 

Antelope Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 3. Antelope Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Antelope Creek

Segment Description: Headwaters of Antelope Creek downstream to the confluence with Little 

Butte Creek

Total Segment Length: 20.68 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.34 miles

Total Segment Area: 6,647.04 acres

Area on BLM Land: 717.86 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Antelope Creek segment was made 

during the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a 

better understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of 

the fisheries ORV.

Antelope Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Antelope Creek is almost entirely private, of the 20 mile segment length approximately 1⁄2 mile is in 

BLM ownership. The stream is low gradient and historically important for coho and steelhead. Fish 

habitat is degraded and simplified and much of the flow is diverted for irrigation purposes.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

13 | Page

The Antelope Creek Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that once crossed Antelope Creek near Medford,

Oregon. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 but was delisted in 1988. The 

bridge was taken down, reassembled by volunteers in 1987 to cross a different creek near Eagle Point. 

Other River Values and Characteristics

Setting: Antelope Creek Access and Development Along the 20.6 mile Antelope Creek segment, at least 

26 bridges cross the river for motorized access. Some provide access to private residential holdings. Two 

RR crossings and several pedestrian bridges are also present. Bridges appear to span the entire river 

without support piers in the river channel. (One location has several large white structures in the creek. It 

is unknown by aerial observation what they are. They do not appear to impede the creek’s flow.) Public

access to the river is legal where Federal, State or County lands border it. However, access to a majority 

of the river may be restricted due to private land ownership. Public roads are maintained by the State 

(Hwy. 62), Jackson County (140, East Antelope Rd), and BLM on the eastern end. The Lost Creek Bridge 

crosses Antelope Creek near the Yankee Cr. Road and is registered with the NPS as a Historic Site.

Communities along the river’s western end include White City and Eagle Point. Only a small section of

Eagle Point’s city limits lies within the 1⁄2 mile corridor. The eastern end of Antelope Creek is 

characterized by the rural/agricultural developments between the two cities. Cleared fields for crops or 

livestock grazing are common along the creek corridor. Eastward, the segment gives way to fewer 

farmlands but has a few, spread out private residences. The creek is small enough that several fording 

locations can be seen across the river. The far eastern end is in a forest setting with past evidence of 

timber harvests. There is no visible roadway along the creek along this two mile section. No recreation 

developments were noted along the creek. The landscape is generally natural with modifications 

moderately evident. Concentration of users is low to moderate. The entire river segment is free flowing.

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 20.7 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private lands (Table 4).

The BLM manages 1.34 miles (6.5 percent) of shoreline along this segment. Five parcels cross the river 

for ownership on both sides. Another 13 BLM parcels lie within the corridor but do not border the 

riverbed. There are 18 total BLM parcels within the corridor. These all lie on the southeast end of the 

river corridor nearest the headwaters. BLM manages 717.86 acres (10.8 percent) within the river corridor.

Table 4. Land ownership within the Antelope Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 717.86 10.8%

Private 5,929.18 89.2%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 29 water rights and 39 points of diversion on the 

20.7 mile Antelope Creek from Antelope Creek to confluence with Little Butte Creek. Table 5. shows 

water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact that one water right may have 

several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result in double counting the rights.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

14 | Page

Table 5. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Irrigation 2 2 0.23

Storage

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 2 2 0 0

Recreation 1 1 0 0

Storage 3 3 0 1,200.2

Temperature Control 1 1 0 5.4

Wildlife 1 1 0 0.2

Surface Water

Anadromous and Resident Fish Habitat 1 1 9.12

Domestic Including Lawn And Garden 1 1 0.01

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 2 2 1.53

Irrigation 10 17 18.79375 370

Irrigation And Domestic 2 2 0.36

Livestock 2 2 0.02

Municipal Uses 1 1 0.33

Supporting Aquatic Life and Minimizing 

Pollution 11 5

Temperature Control 2 2 3.48

Totals 38.87375 1,575.8

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

No mining claims on federal lands-per Little Butte Watershed Analysis; 86% of the BLM land is in 

grazing allotments within the Little Butte Watershed.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. 

Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping to preserve existing habitat. Bald 

Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be protected under the Endangered 

Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation would complement the goals and 

objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

15 | Page

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation. Rio Climax and Heppsie 

Timber Sales are in the area-Road work is under protest

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or impoundments, 

more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Antelope Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM 

would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

16 | Page

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time, state and local agencies would likely not be able to administer this segment.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place.

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor: 

• Exclusive Farm Use (68%)

• Woodland Resource (18%)

• Forest Resource (6%)

• Rural Residential (6%)
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

17 | Page

• Open Space Reserve (2%)

The southeastern end has more Forest Resource and woodland resource lands while the northwestern end 

has most of the Rural Residential and Exclusive Farm Use divisions. Other zones are intermittently 

scattered along the river corridor. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use district is intended to conserve agricultural land and implements 

the Oregon Agricultural Land Use Policy. 

The purpose of Forest Resource and Woodland Resource districts are intended to conserve forest lands. 

Additional zoning definitions: http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Files/Chapter%205.pdf

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extend onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

18 | Page

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners.

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. Assessment of this factor will define 

the political context. The interest in designation or non-designation by Federal agencies; state, local, 

and tribal governments; national and local publics; and the state’s congressional delegation should 

be considered.

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Antelope Creek during this multi-phased outreach 

effort. Overall public interest in designating this segment would most likely be divided. Support would 

likely come from hunters, recreationists, environmental groups, and others who use the area for nonconsumptive purposes. Opposition would likely come from the mineral proponents who may view 

designation as potentially restricting exploration and extraction within the river corridor and from 

landowners who may see designation as limiting management of their private land adjacent to the river 

segment

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability, however, do not support 

most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

19 | Page

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. The Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon Rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. 

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production. (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013)

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other agency lands lie within the river corridor. The majority of land ownership along 

this river consists primarily of private land holdings (89.2%). Current uses and common management 

practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation 

due to the development and current uses identified in Question 1.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures, which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability, or social goals.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in February 2011 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Gold Hill-Rogue River Watershed North area, including Antelope 

Creek. Even without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance 

with water quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation 

strategies to achieve this goal.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws.

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

20 | Page

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Antelope Creek watershed nor have there been 

any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Antelope Creek or its tributaries.

Impacted beneficial uses from mouth to Climax include cold water fish, other aquatic life and aesthetics 

(from WA)-Causes of non-point source pollution include surface erosion and water withdrawal associated 

with irrigated cropland, pastureland, livestock grazing, surface runoff, construction and transportation 

network-Little Butte WA. Native resident steelhead trout; water quality limited for temperature in 

summer from mile 0 to 19.7; meets target for percent affected shade; exceeds e coli standard (from 

WQMP).

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 

Antelope Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Antelope Creek to be 

non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.3 of the total 20.7 miles of stream in this segment. 

The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this 

segment difficult. The aquatic habitat is in poor condition and the water withdrawals further limit the 

habitat. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would not be the best 

method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality, and outstandingly remarkable 

values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

22 | Page

Applegate River Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 6. Applegate River Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Applegate River

Segment Description: Applegate Lake Dam downstream to the confluence with the Rogue River

Total Segment Length: 47.52 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.30 miles

Total Segment Area: 14,770.70 acres

Area on BLM Land: 839.14 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Applegate River segment was made 

during the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a 

better understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of 

the fisheries ORV.

Applegate River Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: The Applegate Watershed is considered a BLM Priority Waterhseds outlined in the 2015 Strategic 

Plan. This plan is focused on future restoration needs to achieve resilient aquatic and riparian habitats, 

conserve listed species and their habitats, and maintain water quality and availability for its many 

beneficial uses.

The Applegate River system is an important tributary to the Rogue River for anadromous salmonids 

spawning and rearing habitat. Although the Applegate Subbasin is only about twelve percent of the total 

acreage in the Rogue, it provides spawning habitat for an estimated one-third of all the coho salmon 

coming up into the Rogue River (USDA and USDI 1998). Stream surveys indicate that 236 miles of 

streams in the subbasin support anadromous species, primarily in the main stem of Applegate River, Slate

Creek, Cheney Creek, Williams Creek, Thompson Creek, Little Applegate River, Beaver Creek, Palmer 

Creek, and Star Gulch. Anadromous fish distribution is often limited by waterfalls or steep gradient 

cascades in tributaries. Although the USFS and BLM manage nearly 70 percent of lands within the 

Applegate Subbasin, only 28.4 percent (67 miles) of the anadromous fish-bearing streams cross federal 

lands.

Resident or non-anadromous trout also occur naturally (rainbow and cutthroat) or have been introduced 

for recreational purposes (brook trout and brown trout). Rainbow and cutthroat trout are found throughout 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

23 | Page

the subbasin. Several other species of introduced game fish also inhabit the Applegate River system, as do 

numerous native non-game species. Various species of amphibians and reptiles occur in the subbasin 

including sensitive species such as the tailed frog, red-legged frog, foothills yellow-legged frog, Pacific 

giant salamander, and western pond turtle.

Special Status Fish - Two special status fishes, coho salmon and Klamath Mountains Province steelhead 

spawn and rear in the Applegate-Star/Boaz Watershed Analysis Area. The National Marine Fisheries 

Service (NMFS) listed coho salmon in the Rogue and Klamath river basins on June 6, 1997 as threatened 

under the Endangered Species Act.

Other Native Fish - Cutthroat Trout are present in the mainstem of the Applegate River. Some cutthroat 

may only use tributaries to spawn in during the spring, but spend the rest of their lives in the Applegate 

River. Rainbow trout are the same species as steelhead. Rainbow spend their whole lives in fresh water 

and they commonly migrate into tributaries to spawn. Rainbow trout are only present in the mainstem of 

the Applegate River.

Aquatic Habitat: Values of fish habitat in the Applegate river are documented at less than outstandingly 

remarkable: Settlement and agricultural activities have had the biggest impact on the Applegate River. As 

farmers and ranchers cut off side channels and floodplains for pasture, water tables in adjacent riparian 

areas dropped. Once abundant side channel and complex alcove habitat, which are important for young 

fish, have disappeared. The river has been straightened and channelized causing it to downcut. 

Channelization may have changed sediment distribution, possibly affecting the amount or stability of 

spawning gravels. In addition, both irrigation and the Applegate Dam have changed flood and summer 

low flows in the river (see Hydrology), which may have reduced the amount or quality of spawning 

gravels.

Channel conditions and sediment transport processes in the Applegate-Star/Boaz Watershed Analysis 

Area have changed since Euro-American settlers arrived in the 1830s primarily due to mining, road 

building, and removal of riparian vegetation. Historical mining confined channels, encouraged channel 

downcutting, destroyed riparian habitat and removed trees, which contributed to habitat degradation. Use 

of small dredges has minimal impact on habitat; however, it does loosen and displace the spawning 

gravels. Unsurfaced roads (road-related erosion) that parallel streams and road crossings also contribute 

fine sediments to streams and rivers. Fine sediments have a cumulative impact on water quality. 

Sedimentation effects on fish are substrate embeddedness, poor pool quality, reduced hiding cover, and 

damaged fish gills. 

Although little is known about fish movement in the Applegate system, it appears that tributaries, like 

Star Gulch, are critical for all fish species. The Applegate River is too warm, harbors predators such as 

introduced bass, and lacks complex habitat for young fish. Therefore, survival of young fish may be better 

in the tributaries. Although larger fish may rear in big pools, the Applegate River probably functions 

primarily as a migration corridor. Summer habitat data is not available for the Applegate River. In 

general, the river is wider and shallower than it used to be. Backwaters and side channels are almost 

nonexistent and the once extensive beaver marshes are gone. Dikes and roads confine the channel and 

homes line the banks. Pool habitat has probably been drastically reduced from historical levels. The 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

24 | Page

Applegate River has very little woody material. Over the years, various agencies and residents have 

pulled most of the logs out of the river during flood clean-up and damage prevention efforts. Agencies 

and residents are concerned about debris jams piling up on private property, damaging buildings near the 

channel, damaging bridges, or diverting the river and causing bank failures. Where possible, logs and 

debris jams should be left on banks and in the river to provide fish habitat. 

The Applegate River has little vegetative cover for fish, few backwaters and side channels, and 

inadequate large woody material. Pool habitat is also limited. The Applegate Dam probably prevents 

adequate spawning gravels from moving downstream, however, it does provide cool water to keep 

temperatures in this section well below the State temperature criteria of 64 °F. There are no barriers to

juvenile or adult fish within the Applegate-Star/Boaz Watershed Analysis section of the Applegate. 

Although larger fish may rear in big pools, the Applegate River probably functions primarily as a 

migration corridor.

In the Applegate River, the limiting factors for long-term sustainability of native fish and other aquatic 

species are high summer water temperatures, lack of side channels and edgewater rearing habitat 

(especially for coho salmon), lack of winter habitat, and flood refugia. Introduced fish species like 

largemouth bass may also be a big problem, especially for juvenile fish. .

Other River Values and Characteristics

Wildlife: Deer, elk, bear, small mammals, and predators all flourished. Native burning and natural fires 

promoted a highly diverse landscape with many ecotones, which provided good habitat for these species.

However, they are common to the area and not considered to be of an outstandingly remarkable value.

Recreation: There are no developed recreation sites in the analysis area. Recreational use includes: 

dispersed camping, as well as activities such as swimming, hunting, fishing, mushroom picking, 

sightseeing, and mining. Common recreation values in this area are considered less than remarkable.

Historic: Named for Oregon pioneer Lindsay Applegate, who encountered the river during his 1848 trip 

south to the California goldfields, the Applegate River was subjected to intensive, large-scale placer gold 

mining from the 1850s to the 1890s. Mining and later irrigation withdrawals have adversely affected the 

stream's anadromous fishery, but the lower river still draws winter steelhead anglers. In 2008, efforts were 

underway to reduce barriers to fish passage and improve salmon-spawning habitat. The Applegate 

Valley—long a sleepy, rural area located off the region's main travel routes—supported small farms, 

ranches, and sawmill communities until well after World War II. The mountainous watershed's occasional 

propensity for extreme high-volume flows and destructive winter floods led the Army Corps of Engineers 

to construct, in 1979-1981, the Applegate Dam as part of its Rogue Basin flood-control project. The 

scenic Applegate Valley's popularity has grown significantly since that time, with a steady influx of new 

residents building large homes on wooded ten-to-twenty-acre parcels and the development of vineyards 

and wineries.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

25 | Page

Setting: Applegate River Access and Development: Along the 47.5 mile Applegate River, 12 

transportation bridges, and one pedestrian bridge cross the river. Bridges appear to span the full width of 

the river, but some could have support piers within the river channel. Public access to portions of the river 

is legal where Federal, State or County lands border the river. Legal access to a majority of the river may 

be restricted by private land ownership. Public roads are maintained by divisions of Federal (US 199), 

State ( Hwy. 238), and Josephine and Jackson Counties. Paved roads run parallel to the river for its entire

length. Communities along the river include Applegate, Murphy, Wilderville and Redwood. Over five 

miles of the river lies within the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. Almost the entire river corridor is 

encompassed in a rural interface setting. Farmland development and livestock border the river on both 

sides. Visual impacts from human occupation and development can be readily seen from the river. The 

area is characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. Opportunities to affiliate with

others are prevalent. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and the concentration of users is often 

moderate to high. Developed sites, roads, and trails are designed for moderate to high uses. The river 

meanders with looping segments that create islands. Several adjacent ponds can be seen along its 

pathway. From aerial observation, there is a perpendicular structure across the river near Murphy which 

may impact the free flowing requirement of the river. The river segment has minor obstacles that may 

affect its free flowing nature. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 47.5 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), Corp of Engineers, private 

and USFS lands (Table 7). The BLM manages 1.3 miles (5.7 percent) of shoreline. Two BLM parcels 

contact one side of the river and three parcels cross to both sides. An additional 16 parcels lie within the 

corridor but do not contact the shoreline. There are 21 total BLM parcels in the river corridor. BLM 

manages 839.14 acres (5.7 percent) within the river corridor.

Table 7. Land ownership within the Applegate River corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 839.14 5.7%

Corp of Engineers 88.03 0.6%

Private 12,736.27 86.2%

USFS 1,107.26 7.5%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 616 water rights and 786 points of diversion on

the 47.5-mile Applegate River. Table 8. shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns 

due to the fact that one water right may have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. 

This may result in double counting the rights.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

26 | Page

Table 8. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Commercial Uses 1 1 0.041

Frost Protection 1 2 0.3342

Irrigation 33 39 6.3237

Irrigation, Livestock and Domestic 1 1 1.8827

Primary and Supplemental Irrigation 2 2 0.271

Temperature Control 1 1 1.94

Storage Aesthetics 2 4 0 25

Fire Protection 1 3 0 0

Fish and Wildlife 1 3 0 0

Fish Culture 4 4 0 40,002.45

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 1 1 0 4.59

Multiple Purpose 1 1 4.5

Storage 3 3 0 6

Wildlife 2 2 0 7.5

Surface Water Agriculture Uses 1 1 0

Domestic 18 20 0.3382

Domestic Expanded 2 2 0.01 2.1375

Domestic Including Lawn and 

Garden 4 4 0.08

Fire Protection 3 3 0.01 2.1375

Fish Culture 4 5 362.03

Human Consumption 2 2 0.01

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 9 21 2.98 4.5

Instream Uses 1 1 0.977

Irrigation 503 570 130.40337 81.2

Irrigation and Domestic 15 15 10.6

Irrigation, Livestock and Domestic 6 6 25.175

Livestock 35 37 6.33332

Mining 1 1 40

Pond Maintenance 1 1 0.037

Primary and Supplemental Irrigation 4 4 0.173

Recreation 1 1 0.004

Storage 5 5 2.184

Supporting Aquatic Life 3 3 825

Temperature Control 1 1 1.1

Wildlife 1 1 0.01

Totals 1,418.24749 40,140.015
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

27 | Page

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

People living within this area made their living from ranching, farming, mining, and logging for much of 

this century. Beneficial uses that are dependent on aquatic resources include: domestic water supply, 

irrigation, livestock watering, cold water fish, other aquatic life, wildlife, recreation, and aesthetics.

The majority of BLM roads were constructed during the 1960s as haul roads for timber. Timber harvest 

on federal land other than salvage logging virtually halted in 1991 when the northern spotted owl was 

listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Logging has resumed under the 1994 

Northwest Forest Plan using different types of harvest methods, such as commercial thinning, density 

management, and mortality salvage. Current habitat conditions are a result of human activities, such as 

logging, agriculture, and fire suppression. 

The Rogue River National Forest manages two facilities within the river corridor (T.39S., R.3W., Section 

28). The Star Ranger Station is located on the Applegate River approximately 1/4-mile south of Star 

Gulch. An associated work station site is located along the Star Gulch road approximately 1/4-mile from 

the Applegate River Road. The work station site has been utilized over the years by the Forest Service for 

various purposes, including housing fire crews, a day care center, and the Americorp.

The BLM has issued two rights-of-way for water lines are in sections that drain into the Applegate River. 

There are two known unauthorized waterlines in the area. Other unauthorized uses probably exist in the 

analysis area, such as garbage dumping, especially in those sections where private and federal lands are 

intermixed. Due to the large amount of contiguous federal ownership in this analysis area and small 

amount of rural interface, unauthorized use is not as common as compared to other watersheds with 

greater amounts of mixed ownership. There are a total of 25, 518 acres under permit to graze within the 

Applegate River segment (Table 9).

Table 9. Existing BLM grazing permits Applegate River segment.

Name Allotment Number Total Acres Status Season of Use Preference AUMs1

Applegate 20201 25,518 Vacant 4/15-6/30 672

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping 

to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

28 | Page

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated. Through less funding and direct management focus on critical values. 

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

29 | Page

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Applegate River segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, either the 

Bureau of Land Management or the United States Forest Service would be most suited to manage the land 

and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

The Applegate Partnership is a community-based non-profit, non-government 501(c)(3) voluntary 

organization involving industry, conservation groups, natural resource agencies, and residents cooperating 

to encourage and facilitate the use of natural resource principles that promote ecosystem health and 

diversity. Through community involvement and education, this partnership supports management of all 

land within the watershed in a matter that sustains natural resources and that will, in turn, contribute to 

economic and community well-being and resilience.

The Applegate Partnership was approached in 1994 by the State of Oregon to act as the Watershed 

Council for the Applegate Valley in support of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The 

Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC) became the implementing group for restoration projects 

primarily on private lands in the Applegate. The Partnership and the ARWC have been successful in 

helping shift the management approaches taken by private landowners as well as public land managers in 

the Applegate Valley. 

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

30 | Page

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation.

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

The Applegate River lies within two counties. Josephine on the west end (45%), and Jackson on the east 

end (55%).

Josephine County has designated the following land use zones along the Applegate River:

• Agriculture (Exclusive Farm Use) (42%)

• Rural Residential (31%)

• Aggregate Resource (mineral) (18%)

• Forest (8%)

• Industrial (1%)

• Commercial (<1%)

Agriculture and Rural Residential districts are zoned intermittently along the river corridor, with slightly 

more Agriculture zoning on the eastern end.

Agriculture: The purposes of the Exclusive Farm and Farm Resource Zones are to preserve agricultural 

land most appropriate for farm use and to provide beneficial uses for lands not capable of farming without 

creating conflicts between suburban expansion and farm use. The Farm Zones are intended to guarantee 

the right to conduct normal farm practices and to facilitate and encourage resource management activities. 

Nothing in this regulation is intended to interfere with normal resource management practices that might 

result in conditions such as noise, dust or odor. Residents of the Farm Zones should recognize that the 

intent of the Farm Zones is to protect resource activities, and in the event of a conflict between residential 

use and resource practices, this code will be interpreted in favor of resource practices.

Rural Residential: The purpose of this zone is to preserve the rural character of Josephine County while 

providing areas for rural residential living. Densities established by this zone for developing areas are 

intended to ensure that development does not exceed the carrying capacity of the land to support sewage 

disposal systems, consumptive groundwater withdrawal, and environmental quality. There are restrictions 

to the acreage as further breakdowns.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

31 | Page

Further summary of zoning can be found at: http://www.co.josephine.or.us/Files/zonedescriptions.pdf

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor:

• Exclusive Farm Use (75%)

• Rural Residential (12%)

• Woodland Resource (11%)

• Forest Resource (2%)

• Aggregate Removal (<1%)

The zoning districts are intermittently scattered along the length of the river in Jackson County.

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use district is intended to conserve agricultural land and implements 

the Oregon Agricultural Land Use Policy.

Additional zoning definitions: http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Files/Chapter%205.pdf

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

32 | Page

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extend onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural, or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners.

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to the Applegate River during this multi-phased 

outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

33 | Page

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The Applegate River originates on the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest and runs downstream 

through private and BLM lands. The Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest did not study their segment of 

the River for eligibility in the Wild and Scenic River system. The BLM determined that a 47.5 mile 

segment is eligible, including a portion of the segment on USFS lands. With BLMs finding of eligibility, 

the FS indicates that they may study the river for eligibility at a later date. Agencies would collaborate in 

the process. The Forest Service feels that the potential future designation should not deter from its plans, 

programs, and policies in meeting regional objectives, as they would be involved in the planning process.

The Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management follow management prescriptions of the Northwest 

Forest Plan. Management actions should be consistent.

Besides BLM and a small number of Corp of Engineers land (0.6%), no other agency lands lie within the 

river corridor.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) manages 88 acres (0.6%) within the Applegate River 

segment. USACE’s mission is to provide vital public engineering services to strengthen our Nation's 

security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters.

The USACE has conveyed interest in coordinating and cooperating with the BLM if planning proceeds 

with a suitability study. The Corps desires consistency in developing compatible land/resource use goals, 

to be good stewards and efficiently manage mutually-shared public resources. A proposal for W&SR 

designation that includes Corps lands would require thorough environmental and programmatic review by 

the Corps District and Project Offices.

A Wild and Scenic River designation is likely consistent with some Corps goals but may not be 

compatible with others. Case in point: restoration of listed fish is a National goal that may be promoted by 

such a designation. However, fisheries restoration projects, like construction of mandated fish passage or 

collection facilities, may not be compatible. The Corps would be unlikely to support designation that 

would unduly restrict or affect the primary missions of flood damage reduction, hydropower production, 

or fisheries management and, in some cases, irrigation responsibilities.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

34 | Page

Lands below the Corps dams are maintained for a variety of purposes. In all cases these lands must 

remain available in order to rebuild the dams upon structural failure. This is part of the Corps justification 

for retaining them. Dams have life spans and eventually will be re-constructed. The Corps would need 

specifics from BLM regarding the effects that a W&SR designation would have on the Corps ability to 

accomplish routine operations, maintenance and special project needs such as major reconstruction.

The majority of land ownership along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (86.2%). 

Current uses and private management practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions 

for a Wild and Scenic River designation due to the development and uses identified in Question 1.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their

production, economic stability or social goals.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in January 2005 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Applegate Subbasin Watershed. Even without designation as a 

W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 

303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws.

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

35 | Page

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

The Applegate River is a 51-mile long tributary of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It drains 

approximately 698 square miles. Rising in northern California, it soon crosses the border and flows 

northeast then northwest to meet the Rogue about 6 miles west of Grants Pass. It drains forested foothills 

of the Siskiyou Mountains along the Oregon–California border.

The Applegate River is downstream of the Applegate Dam, several miles into Oregon. The United States 

Army Corps of Engineers began construction of the dam in 1974, and it was completed in 1980. From 

Applegate Dam, the river flows north and slightly east. About 8 miles from California, it flows under the 

McKee Bridge. Near Ruch, the Applegate turns and flows northwest through the unincorporated 

communities of Applegate and Provolt. Near Provolt it passes from Jackson County to Josephine County. 

Tributaries in this area include Thompson Creek and Williams Creek, and both flow north. From 

Williams Creek the Applegate turns west and flows through Murphy. It then turns north through 

Wilderville. The river empties into the Rogue River 6 miles west of Grants Pass, just above the start of 

the Wild and Scenic section of the Rogue. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Applegate River watershed. Several tributaries 

have been studied for suitability.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study.

Applegate River Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds the Applegate River to 

be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.3 of the total 47.5 miles of stream in this segment. 

The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this 

segment difficult.

While the Applegate River is an important fish stream and a priority basin for the Healthy Land – Aquatic 

and Riparian Program most of the Applegate River is in private ownership and would subsequently be 

difficult to manage for Wild and Scenic values Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic 

river designation would not be the best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water

quality and outstandingly remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

37 | Page

Big Butte Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 10. Big Butte Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Big Butte Creek

Segment Description: Confluence of the North Fork and South Forks of Big Butte Creek 

downstream to the confluence with the Rogue River

Total Segment Length: 11.93 miles

Length on BLM Land: 2.03 miles

Total Segment Area: 3,546 acres

Area on BLM Land: 706.04 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Big Butte Creek segment was made 

during the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a 

better understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of 

the fish ORV below.

Big Butte Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Big Butte Creek is a top producer of native anadromous salmonids that spawn and rear in the Big 

Butte Creek Watershed: coho salmon, Chinook salmon (spring runs), steelhead trout (summer and winter 

runs) and resident trout. The Creek is the upper most tributary of the Rogue River below the Lost Creek 

Dam (and associated fish hatchery) which is used by wild anadromous fish. Its flow is characterized by a 

high volume of high quality cold water, fed by Big Butte Springs. Northern California/Southern Oregon 

Coho salmon, a species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (May 1997) are present in 

Big Butte.

Aquatic Habitat: Anadromous fish population numbers have declined in the past years. This can, in part, 

be attributed to landscape management practices. Loss of riparian vegetation leads to higher stream 

temperatures. Increased harvesting activities has led to a greater number of roads, more compacted soils, 

and less vegetation in the clear cuts in the uplands to hold soils in place during storm events and periods 

of high runoff. This increased the amount of sediment reaching the streams, and resulted in the loss of 

spawning habitat and macro invertebrate prey species for juvenile and resident fish. Inadequate culverts 

which block fish passage for resident and anadromous fish may also impact migration and genetic 

diversity of fish populations. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

38 | Page

Other River Values and Characteristics

Wildlife: With harvesting old growth timber, habitat for old growth dependent wildlife species has rapidly 

declined. Density studies of the northern spotted owl indicate that population numbers are declining. 

Spotted owl habitat has been reduced within the last two decades, to the point where none of the existing 

spotted owl sites have >40% nesting, roosting, foraging habitat within the provincial radius of the 

province (1.2 miles). Weak population connectivity within the provinces because of poor habitat 

conditions in areas of checkerboard ownership is a serious threat to owl populations. Population declines 

in pine martin, fisher, and wolverine can also be attributed to the loss and fragmentation of old growth 

habitat. 

The current condition is primarily due to human initiated disturbance in the watershed. Land management 

activities have altered wildlife habitat and populations in a variety of ways. Loss of old growth and 

mature forest habitat, fragmentation of old growth patches, removal of riparian vegetation, increased road 

building, suppression of fire, extensive rural residential development, and the introduction of cattle 

grazing are the major sources of change. Wildlife values are therefore considered less than outstandingly 

remarkable.

The water quality of the Big Butte Creek watershed is generally high and supports several species of trout 

and salmon. The watershed area is also home to more than 152 species of birds, 63 species of mammals, 

19 species of reptiles, and numerous plants.

Historical: Big Butte Creek's watershed was originally settled over 8,000 years ago by the Klamath, 

Upper Umpqua, and Takelma tribes of Native Americans. In the Rogue River Wars of the 1850s, most of 

the Native Americans were either killed or forced into Indian reservations. The first non-indigenous 

settlers arrived in the 1860s, and the area was quickly developed. The creek was named after Snowy 

Butte, an early name for Mount McLoughlin. In the late 19th century, the watershed was primarily used 

for agriculture and logging. The small city of Butte Falls was incorporated in 1911.

Recreation: There are no developed recreation sites managed by the BLM in the corridor area. Dispersed 

recreational use that may occur in the area includes hunting, fishing, mushroom picking, and mining. 

Common recreation values in the river corridor are considered less than remarkable. Outside of the river 

study area on National Forest land, recreation activities occur on a year-round basis throughout the Big 

Butte Creek Watershed. Summer use is dominated by dispersed camping (at developed and dispersed 

sites), hiking, picnicking, and fishing but includes other activities such as mountain biking, horseback 

riding, off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, and pleasure driving. Fall use is primarily big game hunting. 

Winter uses at the higher elevations on national forest land are mostly centered on Nordic skiing and 

snowmobiling.

A section of Big Butte Creek in Jackson County is 9.5 miles long and is rated by American Whitewater as 

a class III-IV section. It is rated high for its Oregon scenery and the playfulness of the water. This river is 

not for beginners.

Scenic: Visual resources are the land, water, vegetation, structures, wildlife, and cultural modifications 

that make up the scenery of BLM administered lands. Criteria used to determine Visual Resource 

Management (VRM) classes are: scenery quality ratings, public sensitivity ratings, and the seen area 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

39 | Page

distance zone. Management objectives are to maintain, enhance, or preserve scenic values which are oneof-kind. The viewshed from Lost Creek Lake and the Cobleigh Road from Highway 821 (Butte Falls 

Highway) to the junction of the “A” and “B” Road (T34S, R2E, Sec. 7, SE1⁄4) are classified as VRM II, 

which allows for low levels of change to the characteristic landscape within the foreground/middleground 

(i.e., within one mile or to the first ridge, whichever is closest) of Cobliegh Road. Management activities 

may be seen but should not attract the attention of the casual observer. BLM’s ability to affect any area’s 

overall scenic quality depends, to a large degree, on land ownership patterns. In most of the Lower Big 

Butte watershed, public lands are intermingled with private lands. Management activities on these lands 

can dominate the visual landscape regardless of BLM’s management activities. The remainder of the river 

study area is managed as VRM III and IV.

Setting: Big Butte Creek Access and Development: Along the 11.9 mile Big Butte Creek, two bridges 

cross over the river for motorized access. Legal public access to the creek may be restricted at 80% of the 

segment due to private land ownership. The Crowfoot Road parallels the river on the northern end for 

over 2 1⁄2 miles. The remainder of access roads on backcountry gravel or dirt surfaces provides proximity 

to the river through the corridor. There are no communities along the river corridor. The south end of the 

river is short of Butte Falls by one mile. The primary features and uses of the landscape are forest 

management practices in a Roaded Natural to Rural setting. The Roaded Natural landscape is generally 

natural with modifications moderately evident. Concentration of users is low to moderate. On the hillsides 

adjacent to the corridor are active and past timber harvest plots. There are about 30 residences along the 

river on the north end of the river. Light numbers of agricultural and residential developments exist in the 

southern half of Big Butte Creek. This area is characterized by a modified natural environment. 

Opportunities to affiliate with others are often prevalent. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, 

and the concentration of users is often moderate. The entire river segment is free flowing. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 11.9 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), and private lands (Table 

11). The BLM manages 2.03 miles (17 percent) of shoreline. Four BLM parcels cross the creek for 

ownership on both sides. Ten more lie within the corridor, but do not border the creek. There are fourteen 

total BLM parcels. BLM manages 706 acres (19.9 percent within the river corridor).

Table 11. Land ownership within the Big Butte Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 706.04 19.9%

Private 2,839.98 80.1%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 16 water rights and 24 points of diversion on the 

12 miles of Big Butte Creek from Big Butte Creek to the Rogue River. Table 12. below shows water 

types and uses.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

40 | Page

Table 12. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area 

Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Surface Water Irrigation 15 23 101.377

Power Development 1 1 100

Totals 201.377 0

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

The Lower Big Butte watershed has seen sustained and regular growth of private residences. Though 

livestock ranching continues in the watershed, especially in the lower elevations, it is not as prevalent as 

in the past, as larger parcels have been divided into smaller tax lots to become residential building sites. 

Easements into much of this area are few and access is limited to areas via County roads. As the rural 

residential population in the watershed increases, the likelihood of simple access to federal lands will 

continue to diminish.

The Medford District RMP identified four potential recreation sites on BLM lands within or immediately 

adjacent to the river segment: Box Creek (T34S, R2E, Sec.33), Cobleigh Bridge (T34S, R2E, Sec 29), 

Rocky Hill (T34S, R2E, Sec 25), and Fredenburg (T35S, R2E, Sec 3 . These sites could provide public 

access to Big Butte Creek from public lands, but have not been developed to date.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would increase.

Designation of the river segment would coincide with the low intensity of recreational management 

already proposed for the area. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping to 

preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

41 | Page

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated through less funding and direct management focus on critical values. 

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Big Butte Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM 

would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

42 | Page

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

43 | Page

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor: 

• Forest Resource (43%)

• Woodland Resource (32%)

• Open Space Reserve (13%)

• Exclusive Farm Use (10%)

• Rural Residential (2%)

The Southeastern end has more Forest Resource lands while the Northwestern end is where all Rural 

Residential and OSR divisions are located. Other zones are intermittently scattered along the river 

corridor.

The purpose of Forest Resource and Woodland Resource districts are intended to conserve forest lands.

Additional zoning definitions: http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Files/Chapter%205.pdf

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon.

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extend onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

44 | Page

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Big Butte Creek during this multi-phased outreach 

effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other agency lands lie within this river corridor. The majority of land ownership along 

this river consists primarily of private land holdings (80%). Current uses and common management 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

45 | Page

practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation 

due to the development and current uses identified in Question 1.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in January 2008 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Big Butte Creek Watershed. Even without designation as a W&SR, 

BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 303(d) 

listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal. Recovery 

goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future impairments of 

these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

46 | Page

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

Big Butte Creek is a 12-mile-long tributary of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It drains 

approximately 245 square miles of Jackson County. The north fork of the creek begins on the slopes of 

Rustler Peak and the south fork's headwaters are near Mount McLoughlin. Flowing west, they meet near 

the city of Butte Falls, and the main stem flows generally northwest until it empties into the Rogue River 

about 1 mile southwest of William L. Jess Dam and Lost Creek Lake. The BLM manages 20 percent of 

the land within the Watershed and 31 percent of the anadromous salmonid habitat crosses BLMadministered land. 

Big Butte Creek is the lone Rogue tributary used by Spring Chinook for spawning. Most spring Chinook 

spawning occurs in the main stem Rogue where they are susceptible to impacts associated with Lost 

Creek Reservoir. Big Butte Creek is important to long term Spring Chinook population viability because 

this subpopulation is not negatively affected by the operation of Lost Creek Reservoir. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Big Butte Creek watershed nor have there 

been any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Big Butte Creek or its tributaries. The 

North Fork of Big Butte Creek was found not suitable as a wild and scenic river.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development.

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 

Big Butte Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds big Butte Creek to 

be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 2 of the total 11.9 miles of stream in this segment. The 

BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this segment 

difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists within the 

river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would not be the 

best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and outstandingly 

remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

48 | Page

Cheney Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 13. Cheney Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Cheney Creek

Segment Description: Headwaters of Cheney Creek downstream to the confluence with the

Applegate River

Total Segment Length: 6.51 miles

Length on BLM Land: 2.15 miles

Total Segment Area: 1,963.56 acres

Area on BLM Land: 710.54 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Cheney Creek segment was made 

during the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a 

better understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of 

the fisheries ORV.

Cheney Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Cutthroat trout, steelhead, coho and Chinook salmon are found in the Cheney/Slate watershed. Each 

is a cold water species and requires complex habitats especially in the early life stages. Quantitative 

abundance estimates are unknown. Nongame species such as speckled dace, Pacific lamprey, sculpin, and 

redside shiner also inhabit the streams. 

Aquatic Habitat: Cheney and Slate creeks provide some of the better habitat for anadromous fish in the 

Applegate River basin. Habitat includes streambed substrate quality and quantity conducive for fish 

spawning. Pools, large woody debris, and log jams provide good quality for fish rearing. Although 

Cheney Creek has limited summer flows, it has high potential for providing fish rearing habitat. Some of 

the unnamed tributaries to Cheney Creek are dewatered for irrigation and are considered "areas of lost 

fish production." 

Cheney Creek spawning is excellent, yet rearing area is fair to poor due to low summer streamflows and 

the lack woody debris in the stream. Rearing pools in the mainstem were nil. The riparian area lacked 

conifers and adequate shade. Both major forks of Cheney Creek have spawning areas only in the lower 

reaches. Rearing opportunity in these forks are limited by low summer flows and the lack of wood in the 

stream. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

49 | Page

Other River Values and Characteristics

River Setting- Access and Development Along the 6.5 mile Cheney Creek, approximately three bridges 

and several private residential creek crossings traverse the creek. The northern two miles of Cheney Creek 

is private land, characterized by open agricultural lands and clearings with residential home sites. Public 

access on this end may be restricted. This area is characterized by a modified natural environment. 

Opportunities to affiliate with others are prevalent. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident. On 

Cheney Cr. Road, access is provided to the river from BLM lands in a forested setting. There are no 

community developments along the river corridor. Wilderville lies within a mile of the north end. On the 

southern end of the creek’s corridor, alternating BLM and private lands show evidence of forest 

management. The setting is Roaded Natural. The landscape is generally natural with modifications 

moderately evident. Concentration of users is low to moderate. A network of gravel roadways meander 

through the hillsides. No agricultural, residential, recreation or business developments are noted in this 

area. The entire river segment is free flowing with no impoundments. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 6.5 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private lands (Table 14).

The BLM manages 2.15 miles (33 percent) of shoreline. Three BLM parcels span the full river corridor; 

one borders the riverbed on one side only, while one parcel has no contact with the riverbed but lies 

within the 1⁄2 mile wide corridor. There are five total BLM parcels. BLM manages 710.54 acres (36.2 

percent) within the river study corridor.

Table 14. Land ownership within the Cheney Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 710.54 36.2%

Private 1,253.02 63.8%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 20 water rights and 26 points of diversion on the 

6.5 mile Cheney Creek from Cheney Cr. to the Applegate River. Run date is June 1. Table 15. below 

shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact that one water right may 

have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result in double counting the 

rights.

Table 15. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Irrigation 2 2 0.15

Surface Water

Anadromous and Resident Fish Rearing 1 1 1.62

Domestic Expanded 1 1 0.01

Fisheries Enhancement 2 2 0.091

Irrigation 14 19 2.043

Pond Maintenance 1 1 0.05

Totals 3.964 0
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

50 | Page

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Current human use of the watershed includes suburban settlement, agriculture, timber management, 

mining, and dispersed recreation. There is almost no economic base in the area. Residents report a 

changing settlement pattern from agriculture to more suburban use and use by retirees or commuters to 

Grants Pass. Many commuters are upper, middle-class professionals who can afford the higher real estate 

values in the area. People living in the area include farmers, natural resource workers, retirees, 

environmentalists, commuters, teachers, those involved in light technology, and horse ranchers. The 

population is increasing with many newcomers in the area. The majority of the settlement is located in the 

area of Highway 199, Fish Hatchery, and Cheney Creek roads. There are scattered homes along the 

Cheney Creek Road.

There has been a noticeable increase in timber cutting on nonfederal lands. Timber has been harvested 

from the Cheney/Slate watershed for over 50 years. Within the last 30 years, advances in harvesting 

technology and road access have led to the majority of the forestlands being entered. The practice of 

clear-cutting during the 1970s and 1980s led to blocks of land that were denuded of trees, burned, and 

replanted. This has led to noticeable reduction in the amount of large woody material on the landscape 

especially in riparian areas. Currently, new forestry practices promote a lighter touch on the land through 

ecosystem management that considers more than just harvesting trees.

Over fifty percent of the land in the Cheney/Slate watershed is owned by private individuals. Moreover, 

most of the "bottom land," where a major portion of the fishery streams exist, are controlled by private 

individuals. Land management constraints are less stringent than those regulating federal lands. Private 

landowners can manage their lands as they choose as long as they are within the guidelines of Oregon's 

State Forest Practices Act. There is no coordinated management objectives established for private lands. 

The majority of the settlement is located in the area of U.S. Highway 199, Fish Hatchery and Cheney 

Creek roads. Wilderville, Wonder, and Love Station are "developed" sites in the Cheney/Slate watershed. 

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping to 

preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

51 | Page

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated. Through less funding and direct management focus on critical values. 

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

The federal agencies have no authority over private land use. Many natural surfaced road systems are 

built over private lands and are a major source of erosion and sedimentation into streams. There are 

approximately 6 miles of road per square mile on privately owned lands. This is a concern in the 

Cheney/Slate watershed and will require community involvement by private landowners to establish a 

policy on nonfederal land transportation management.

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

52 | Page

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Cheney Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM would 

be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time state or local agencies would likely not be able to administer this segment.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Josephine County has designated the following land use zones along Cheney Creek: 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

53 | Page

• Forest (92%)

• Residential (8%)

• Agriculture (<1%)

The latter two zones lie on the northern end of Cheney Creek. Percentages are approximate.

The Forest Commercial and Woodlot Resource Zones are intended to implement the Goals and Policies 

of the Josephine County Comprehensive Plan by conserving and protecting lands for forest uses. The 

Forest Zones are designed to provide a classification for commercial forest lands in private ownerships 

and for public lands administered by forest management agencies, encourage the management of 

commercial forest lands as a stable timber base, and to conserve natural resources by reducing hazards.

Further summary of zoning can be found at: http://www.co.josephine.or.us/Files/zonedescriptions.pdf

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands.

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extend onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

54 | Page

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners.

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Cheney Creek during this multi-phased outreach 

effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

55 | Page

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other agency lands lie within this river corridor. The majority of land ownership along 

this river consists primarily of private land holdings (64%). Current uses and common management 

practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation 

due to the development and current uses identified in Question 1.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in January 2005 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Applegate Subbasin Watershed, including Cheney Creek. Even 

without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water 

quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies 

to achieve this goal. 

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

56 | Page

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Cheney Creek watershed nor have there been 

any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Cheney Creek or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development..

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 

Cheney Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Cheney Creek to 

be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 2.1 of the total 6.5 miles of stream in this segment. 

The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this 

segment difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists 

within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would 

not be the best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and 

outstandingly remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

58 | Page

Cow Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 16. Cow Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Cow Creek, Roseburg District

Cow Creek, Medford District

Segment Description:

Medford District – From Galesville Dam to West Fork – Cow Creek

Roseburg District – From West Fork of Cow Creek to confluence with 

South Umpqua

Total Segment Length: 61.23 miles

Length on BLM Land: 10.03 miles

Total Segment Area: 18,686.18 acres

Area on BLM Land: 3,339.23 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs):

Roseburg District – Fish and Wildlife, Historical, Cultural

Medford District – Fish and Wildlife

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for Cow Creek was made during the BLMs

1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a better understanding 

of the river values, this report includes a description of the ORVs for Cow 

Creek.

Cow Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: The Cow Creek system supports population of fall Chinook and coho salmon, winter steelhead, and 

cutthroat trout. Although exact population numbers of each are not known they are probably comparable 

to similar stream reaches of the South Umpqua system. Historically, George Riddle wrote that there were 

so many fish in Cow Creek that the Native Americans could catch several hundred salmon in one night 

(Riddle 1953). When the fall rains came there would be hundreds of salmon in sight at one time. By 1953, 

there were few if any salmon in Cow Creek. Table 17 provides a summary of the fish species present 

within the Umpqua river basin.

The Oregon State Parks publication “Recreation Values on Oregon Rivers” classifies Cow Creek as 

having substantial fishing related recreation values (Class 2) but no outstanding values.

With the construction of Galesville Dam some 60 miles upstream (1985), anadromous fish runs became 

blocked from about eleven miles of the main stem of Cow Creek that had been used historically. Water

quality below the dam has been improved during the summer both in temperature and volume. In a 1990
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

59 | Page

letter to the Medford District, The Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife indicated a significant improvement 

in salmonid fish habit quality in the entire length of Cow Creek below Galesville Dam, particularly for 

fall Chinook. Thousands of coho and steelhead smolts are released below Galesville Dam every year to 

mitigate the effects of the dam on anadromous fish. Coho, steelhead, and fall Chinook populations in Cow 

Creek appear to have benefitted from the relatively cool water the dam releases. 

Steelhead - The natural production of steelhead in Cow Creek and perhaps in its tributaries was 

considered to be low at the time Galesville Dam was constructed. The number of steelhead increased 

sharply from 1988 to 1990, which may have been because steelhead began spawning in Cow Creek or 

production in its tributaries increased. 

Chinook Salmon - The ODFW smolt trapping data show 2,325 fall Chinook salmon were captured in 

1999. About 6,654 fall Chinook were captured in 2000. All of these Chinook leave Cow Creek in a presmolt stage, spend some time rearing in the Umpqua River, and then migrate out to the ocean. 

Coho Salmon - About 4,000 coho salmon spawned in the South Umpqua River Basin with 1,450 

spawning in Cow Creek. Coho salmon in the South Umpqua River Basin are suffering the same declines 

as other coastal stocks. These declines may have resulted due to the degradation of coho salmon habitat, 

the effects of extensive hatchery releases, and overfishing. Coho salmon have been observed in the Lower 

Cow Creek. Extensive spawning surveys have not been conducted in Cow Creek. The densities of 

spawning coho observed in Cow Creek during the mid-1990s were well below the optimum (Cramer et al. 

1997). The ODFW smolt trapping data show 62 coho fry and 547 coho smolts were captured in 1999. 

About 1,044 coho fry and 1,370 smolts were captured in 2000. The National Marine Fisheries Service 

(NMFS) listed the Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) as a threatened 

species in 1998 under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (Federal Register, Vol.63, No. 153/ 

Monday, August 10, 1998/Rules and Regulations). Critical habitat for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon was 

designated on February 16, 2000. 

Cutthroat Trout -Cutthroat trout in the Lower Cow Creek can be divided into three distinct groups based 

on differences in life histories. The three groups include resident, fluvial (in-river migratory), and 

anadromous (or sea-run). Resident cutthroat trout do not migrate long distances, instead they remain in 

tributaries near spawning and rearing areas and maintain small territories (Trotter 1989, as cited by 

Johnson et al.1994). They appear to be slower growing than their fluvial and sea-run counterparts, seldom 

growing larger than six to eight inches in length. Resident cutthroat trout rarely live longer than two or 

three years (Wyatt 1959, Nicholas 1978, as cited by Johnson et al. 1994). Fluvial cutthroat trout rear in 

large river basins but do not migrate to the sea. Similar to sea-run cutthroat trout, fluvial cutthroat trout 

migrate into smaller tributaries to spawn. Little is known about fluvial cutthroat trout. This life history 

group was discovered only recently in the Umpqua River Basin. Fluvial cutthroat trout have been reported 

below barriers or in locations occupied by anadromous fish on rare occasions. Anadromous (sea-run) 

cutthroat trout rear in estuaries or make short ocean migrations and then return to freshwater streams to 

spawn. Unlike other anadromous salmonids, sea-run cutthroat trout do not overwinter in the ocean and 

rarely make long migrations across large bodies of water.

Fisheries habitat and fish are considered to be outstanding remarkable.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

60 | Page

Table 17. List of fish species occurring in the Umpqua River Basin.

Type Common Name

Native Anadromous

Sea-run Cutthroat trout, Coho salmon, Summer/Winter Steelhead trout, 

Spring/Fall Chinook salmon, Green Sturgeon, White Sturgeon, Pacific 

lamprey.

Native Resident

Cutthroat trout, Rainbow trout, Oregon (Umpqua) chub, Umpqua dace, 

Longnose dace, Umpqua squawfish, Largescale sucker, Redside shiner, 

Speckled dace, Brook lamprey, Sculpin species.

Non-Native

Brown trout, Brook trout, Lake trout, Kokanee Largemouth bass, Smallmouth 

bass, Sunfishes Yellow perch, White Crappie, Black Crappie, Black 

Bullhead, Brown Bullhead, Yellow Bullhead, Peamouth, Striped Bass, Shad, 

Mosquito fish, Threespine stickleback, Olympic mudminnow.

Wildlife: Many wildlife species use the different habitat types present in Lower Cow Creek area. The 

various vegetation types provide habitat to many terrestrial vertebrate species and thousands of 

invertebrate species.

Historical: The Lower Cow Creek has been used by humans for thousands of years. Uses in the area have 

included hunting and gathering, fur trapping, subsistence and commercial agriculture, transportation, 

logging and lumbering, and recreation. The Cow Creek Indians followed a seasonal way of life hunting 

deer and elk, gathering nuts, berries, seeds, and roots, and fishing. Fur trappers and settlers arrived in the 

Cow Creek Valley in the 1800s. The discovery of gold brought miners to southern Oregon by 1851. 

Construction of the Oregon and California (O and C) railroad was completed to the community of Riddle 

in 1882, allowing transportation of goods and people to the north. In 1889, completion of a rail line south 

of Riddle through the Cow Creek canyon allowed access to markets in southern Oregon and California 

(Beckham 1986). The introduction of rail service allowed agriculture to have more influence on the local 

economy. With this rich history and the railroad, historical values are considered to be outstandingly 

remarkable. 

Cultural: There are two pre-historic sites, (35 DO 80, 35, DO 81) eligible for National Register 

designation. One of these (35 DO 80) also has significant historical value. These sites are on private land 

but are judged to be outstandingly remarkable.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Recreation: In the Roseburg and Medford District, the Cow Creek corridor has a comparatively low to 

moderate number of recreation users. The Cow Creek Back Country Byway and Oregon State Tour Route 

parallel the river for good public access through this scenic corridor. Along the byway are several 

interpretive kiosks, rustic public gold panning area, a portion of a bikeway from Glendale to Powers, one 

BLM campground and numerous dispersed day-use areas. The byway is an asphalt surfaced road with 

scenic viewsheds along private and public lands under active timber harvest management. Recreational 

mining, gold dredging and panning, and driving for pleasure are popular activities along the Cow Creek 

corridor, though limited in numbers of participants. Swimming is a frequent activity of local residents. 

The BLM-administered lands within 1/4 mile of Cow Creek are in a Special Recreation Management 

Area of the Roseburg District. Other forms of recreation commonly observed include, hunting, 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

61 | Page

photography, picnicking, limited dispersed camping, shooting or target practice, and gathering (berries, 

flowers, mushrooms, greens, and rocks). Overall, recreation values are considered to be less than 

outstandingly remarkable.

Scenic: On the Roseburg District’s section of the creek, the Cow Creek Road runs along one side of the 

creek and a railway runs along the other side for the entire length of the Cow Creek Canyon. Several 

railroad trestles and tunnels are seen from the creek and roadway. There are scenic elements in the 

canyon, particularly in the spring, however, they are less than outstanding.

Setting: Cow Creek Access and Development The Cow Creek Back Country Byway offers an alternate 

route for travelers from Interstate 5 by forming a loop between mileposts 80 (Glendale) and 103 (Riddle). 

The byway follows the original Oregon and California railroad, constructed during the 1870’s. Two steel 

girder bridges built in 1905 are still in use today while Tunnel No.1, built in 1883, is still visible but no 

longer in use. 

Along the 61 mile Cow Creek segment, 18 transportation bridges, three RR bridges and one pedestrian 

bridge cross over the creek. Most bridges span the full width of the Creek, but some may use support 

piers within the channel. Public access to Cow Creek and along its corridor is available from government 

lands for most of its distance. Access roads within the river corridor sometimes run on both sides of the 

creek. Paved roads are maintained by Douglas County and the BLM. Cow Creek runs alongside Interstate 

5 for several miles. The Cow Creek O&C Rail line parallels Cow Creek from Glendale nearly to Riddle.

The setting varies from Roaded Natural to Rural. In Roaded Natural areas The landscape is generally 

natural with modifications moderately evident. Concentration of users is low to moderate. In the rural 

settings, the area is characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. Opportunities to 

affiliate with others are prevalent. The convenience of recreation sites and opportunities are more 

important than a natural landscape or setting. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and the 

concentration of users is often moderate or higher. Developed sites, roads, and trails are designed for 

moderate to high uses.

Communities within the river study area include Azalea, Glendale, and Riddle. From Galesville Reservoir 

to about four miles past Glendale, there are a steady number of private rural residences and cleared lands 

with agricultural or livestock developments. This section is a rural interface area. Continuing downriver, 

the area moved toward a forest environment which is actively managed by private timber industry 

companies and the BLM. The northernmost six miles reverts to rural interface with logging plants, the 

Town of Riddle and many private residences with agricultural/livestock developments bordering the 

creek. Human alterations are visible from the creek throughout the corridor. The creek is accessible at 

many points on BLM, County and private lands. Day-use activities and recreational gold panning sites dot 

the creek along the way. Recreation site development at Scull Creek Campground, Island Cr. Day-Use 

Area and the Cow Creek Recreational Gold Panning Area are modest. The entire creek segment is 

considered free flowing. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 61.23 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), private, and State lands

(Table 18). BLM manages 10.3 miles (16.8 percent) of shoreline along this segment. Sixteen BLM 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

62 | Page

parcels span the riverbed for ownership on both sides, one parcel borders the shoreline on one side, while 

13 lie within the corridor but do not contact the riverbed. There are 30 BLM parcels total. 

BLM manages 3,339.23 acres (17.9 percent) within the study corridor.

Table 18. Land ownership within the Alsea River corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 3,339.23 17.9%

Private 15,241.23 81.6%

State Department of Forestry 105.72 0.5%

The dominant human uses in the watershed have been timber production, transportation, agriculture, and 

recreation activities. There are no treaty rights or tribal uses in the watershed, although, tribal members 

may use the area. Private ownership along the lower Cow Creek Valley consists primarily of timber 

companies, but also of agricultural and urban (residential) lands near the communities of Azalea Glendale 

and Riddle. The upland areas are mainly private forested lands intermingled with BLM-administered 

lands. Timber harvesting on private forest lands could be expected to be influenced by tree maturity, 

market conditions, and other economic factors.

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 349 water rights and 542 points of diversion on

the 61-mile Cow Creek River from Tiller to its junction at the South Umpqua River. Table 19 below 

shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact that one water right may 

have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result in double counting the 

rights.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

63 | Page

Table 19. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water

Commercial Uses 1 1 1.67

Domestic 1 1 0.045

Irrigation 19 19 1.9608

Primary and Supplemental Irrigation 1 1 0.04

Storage

Fire Protection 4 4 0 3.9

Fish Culture 1 1 4,000

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 3 3 0 2,522.4

Irrigation 1 1 0 0.1

Livestock 2 2 0 2.1

Multiple Purpose 8 8 4,010.36

Municipal Uses 1 1 4,450

Recreation 1 1 16,424

Road Construction 2 2 0 0

Storage 4 8 0 10,957.14

Wildlife 4 4 0 5.86

Surface Water

Anadromous and Resident Fish Rearing 1 1 20

Campsite 1 1 0.025

Domestic 26 28 1.47 22

Domestic and Livestock 2 4 0

Domestic Expanded 7 9 0.04 6

Domestic Including Lawn and Garden 6 7 0.06

Fire Protection 2 3 0.23

Fish Culture 2 3 200 4,000

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 24 41 10.5562 297

Irrigation 217 272 37.16015 1,304.058

Irrigation, Livestock And Domestic 5 5 2.2785

Livestock 10 12 0.32245

Municipal Uses 8 10 5.81

Pollution Abatement 1 2 0.52 0

Power Development 2 3 200.4666 0

Primary And Supplemental Irrigation 6 45 0.8 1,275.16

Quasi-Municipal Uses 5 7 1.44 145

Recreation 1 2 0.02

Road Construction 2 7 0.2 10

Sawmill 2 3 0.9166 0

Storage 4 4 0.23 5

Supporting Aquatic Life 5 5 136.07

Totals 622.3313 49,440.078
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

64 | Page

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation 

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would increase. In 

the Roseburg District, since this segment is within the Cow Creek Special Recreation Management Area 

(SRMA), designation of the river segment would coincide with the intensity of recreational management 

already proposed for the area. Planning for recreation sites and facilities would complement designation 

and would ensure the continued availability of recreation opportunities occurring in this river segment, 

Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping to preserve existing habitat. Bald 

Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be protected under the Endangered 

Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation would complement the goals and 

objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or impoundments, 

more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

65 | Page

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Cow Creek segment were added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM would be 

most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated another 

agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time, state and local agencies would likely not be able to administer this segment.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

66 | Page

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Douglas County has designated the following zones along Cow Creek: 

• Timberland Resource (37%)

• Exclusive Farm Use Grazing (24%)

• Farm-Forest (17%)

• Rural Residential-2 (7%) 

• Agriculture and Woodlot (4%)

• Rural Residential-5 (4%)

• Rural Community Commercial (<1%)

• Rural Service Center Commercial (<1%)

• Water Impoundment (near Galesville dam (<1%)

• Rural Industrial (<1%)

Smaller zones lie near the communities of Azalea, Quines Creek, Fortune Branch, Glendale Junction, 

Glendale and Riddle. Percentages are approximate. A solid block zoned Timberland Resource lies on the 

middle half of the Cow Creek corridor. 

The Timberland Resource classification is intended to conserve and protect lands for continued timber 

production, harvesting and related uses, conserve and protect watersheds, wildlife habitats and other such 

uses associated with forests and to provide for the orderly development of both public and private

recreational uses as appropriate and not in conflict with the primary intent of the zone, which is sustained 

production of forest products. Uses of land not associated with the management and development of 

forests shall be discouraged to minimize the potential hazards of damage from fire, pollution and conflict 

caused by non-forest related residential, commercial and industrial activities. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use-Grazing zone is to provide areas for the continued practice of 

agriculture and permit the establishment of only those new uses which are compatible with agricultural 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

67 | Page

activities. The minimum property size established by this zone is intended to promote commercial 

agricultural pursuits, such as grazing, rangeland and other less intensive agricultural uses.

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

68 | Page

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. Assessment of this factor will define 

the political context. The interest in designation or non-designation by Federal agencies; state, local, 

and tribal governments; national and local publics; and the state’s congressional delegation should 

be considered.

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Cow Creek during this multi-phased outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The headwaters of Cow Creek originate on the Umpqua National Forest. The eligible segment on BLM 

lies west of Forest boundaries and falls short of USFS lands by several miles. The Umpqua National 

Forest analyzed several rivers in August 1988 for possible eligibility to the National Wild and Scenic 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

69 | Page

River system; however the study did not include the upper portions of Cow Creek. No eligibility status 

was given to this river. 

No other Federal agency lands are near this river. The majority of land ownership along this river consists 

primarily of private land holdings (81.6%). Current uses and common management practices would not 

be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation due to the 

development and current uses identified in Criteria 1.

The Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) manages 105.7 acres within the Cow Creek corridor. Forest. 

ODF is directed to manage State Forest and Common School Lands for the greatest permanent value, 

including healthy, productive, and sustainable forest ecosystems that over time and across the landscape, 

providing a full range of social, economic and environmental benefits to the people of Oregon. Forests are 

intensively managed for sustainable forest ecosystems. Other benefits result from managing properly 

functioning aquatic habitats for salmonids, and other native fish and wildlife habitat; productive soil, and 

clean air and water; protection against floods and erosion; and recreation. While there may be some 

degree of overlap among some of the management objectives, ODF has determined that a WSR 

designation for forests and rivers managed by ODF would be inconsistent with the statutory and 

constitutional standards ODF is directed to uphold. Specific inconsistencies exist between the Wild and 

Scenic River program (recreational class) and ODF State Forest management prescriptions. 

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals.

Two Water Quality Restoration Plans were completed in 2004 by the Medford District Bureau of Land 

Management which covered the Upper and Middle Cow Creek Watersheds. The Lower Cow Creek Water 

Quality Restoration Plan was completed in November 2002 by the Roseburg District 

Even without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with 

water quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation 

strategies to achieve this goal. 

Even without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with 

water quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in the this creek or river. The Plan identifies 

implementation strategies to achieve this goal. Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

70 | Page

quality meets standards and avoiding future impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not 

currently meet water quality standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws, which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

Cow Creek is a medium-sized river in southwestern Oregon, a tributary of the South Umpqua River. It 

drains an area of over 400 square miles on the western foothills of the Cascade Range and within the 

Oregon Coast Range. The vast majority of the basin is within Douglas County and a tiny portion in the 

southeast extends into northern Jackson County. The stream rises in the Umpqua National Forest at the 

confluence of South Fork Cow Creek and East Fork Cow Creek. The south fork, which is much larger, is 

sometimes considered the main stem. In its first few miles the creek flows west through an agricultural 

valley and through Galesville Reservoir. Cow Creek runs alongside Interstate 5 for several miles and 

receives Windy Creek from the north at Glendale, Oregon. The stream then bends northwest into a 

canyon, receiving West Fork Cow Creek on the left and Middle Creek from the right. It then continues 

northwards, bending steadily eastwards and doubling back on its former course. The river emerges from 

the mountains near Riddle, and bends sharply south around a ridge, joining the South Umpqua about 2 

miles west of Canyonville. 

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

71 | Page

Cow Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Roseburg and Medford Districts find Cow 

Creek to be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of 

this segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed 

portions of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 10 of the total 61.2 miles of stream. The 

BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this segment 

difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists within the 

river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would not be the 

best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and outstandingly 

remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

73 | Page

Elk Valley Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 20. Elk Valley Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Elk Valley Creek

Segment Description: Medford District Boundary downstream to the confluence with West Fork 

Cow Creek

Total Segment Length: 6.03 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.59 miles

Total Segment Area: 1,770.31 acres

Area on BLM Land: 464.26 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Elk Valley Creek segment was made 

during the BLMs 1990 land use planning study. In order to facilitate a better 

understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of the 

fisheries ORV.

Elk Valley Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Elk Valley Creek is located in the West Fork Cow Creek Watershed. The West Fork Cow Creek 

Watershed is a Tier 1 Key watershed as part of the NWFP ACS, and is considered a BLM Priority 

Watershed as outlined in the 2015 Strategic Plan. This plan is focused on future restoration needs to 

achieve resilient aquatic and riparian habitats, conserve listed species and their habitats, and maintain 

water quality and availability for its many beneficial uses.

Portions of Elk Valley creek are water quality limited due to temperature (WQRP)

Other River Values and Characteristics

Setting: Elk Valley Creek Access and Development Along the 6 mile Elk Creek, approximately four 

forest road crossings transverse the creek. Public access to the creek is legal from federal lands. Private 

roads and access may not legally open to the public. There are no communities along the river study area. 

The predominate features and uses of the landscape are of forest management practices. The setting is 

“Roaded Natural. The landscape is generally natural with modifications moderately evident. 

Concentration of users is low to moderate. A network of gravel roadways meander throughout the areas 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

74 | Page

hillsides from past timber harvests. No agricultural, residential, recreation or business developments are 

noted in the area. This river segment is free-flowing. (Google Earth, 2013 G. Morgan)

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 6.03 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private lands (Table 

21). The BLM manages 1.59 miles (26.4 percent) of shoreline. Two BLM parcels cross the river for 

ownership on both sides. Two lie within the 1⁄2 mile corridor but have do not border the creek. Four total 

BLM parcels exist. BLM manages 464.26 acres (26.2 percent) within the river study corridor.

Table 21. Land ownership within Elk Valley Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 464.26 26.2%

Private 1,306.05 73.8%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records one water right and point of diversion on the 6 

mile Elk Valley Creek from Elk Valley Cr to West Fork Cow Creek (Table 22).

Table 22. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum

(Acre Ft.)

Surface Water Forest Management 1 1 8.9

Totals 0 8.9

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

On the web, the Hook and Bullet fishing pages list the following for Elk Valley Creek: Elk Valley Creek 

is a stream located just 20.2 miles from Riddle ... near Cow Creek. Whether you’re fly fishing, spinning 

or bait casting your chances of getting a bite here are good. Grab your favorite fly fishing rod and reel, 

and head out to Elk Valley Creek. 

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation 

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping 

to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

75 | Page

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in criteria 9) provide a 

layer of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment 

receives WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Elk Valley Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM 

would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

76 | Page

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time, state and local agencies would likely not be able to administer this segment.

Criteria6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost of

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Douglas County zoning on Elk Valley Creek is designated as “Timberland Resource” (100%). The 

Timberland Resource classification is intended to conserve and protect lands for continued timber 

production, harvesting and related uses, conserve and protect watersheds, wildlife habitats and other such 

uses associated with forests and to provide for the orderly development of both public and private 

recreational uses as appropriate and not in conflict with the primary intent of the zone, which is sustained 

production of forest products. Uses of land not associated with the management and development of 

forests shall be discouraged to minimize the potential hazards of damage from fire, pollution and conflict 

caused by non-forest related residential, commercial and industrial activities.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

77 | Page

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon.

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

78 | Page

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. Assessment of this factor will define 

the political context. The interest in designation or non-designation by Federal agencies; state, local, 

and tribal governments; national and local publics; and the state’s congressional delegation should 

be considered.

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Elk Valley Creek during this multi-phased outreach 

effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other State or Federal agency lands are near this river. The majority of land ownership 

along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (73.8%). Current uses and common 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

79 | Page

management practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic 

River designation due to adjacent forest management practices.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in 2004 by the Medford District Bureau of Land 

Management which covers the West Fork Cow Creek, including the Elk Valley Creek area. Even without 

designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality 

standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to 

achieve this goal.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws, which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws.

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited." These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

80 | Page

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Elk Valley Creek watershed nor have there 

been any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Elk Valley Creek or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study.

Elk Valley Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Elk Valley Creek to be 

non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.6 of the total 6 miles of stream in this segment. The 

BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this segment 

difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists within the 

river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would not be the 

best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and outstandingly 

remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

82 | Page

Left Fork Foots Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 23. Left Fork Foots Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Left Fork Foots Creek

Segment Description: Headwaters of Left Fork Foots Creek downstream to the confluence with 

Foots Creek

Total Segment Length: 4.11 miles

Length on BLM Land: 0.06 miles

Total Segment Area: 1,298.10 acres

Area on BLM Land: 131.15 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Left Fork Foots Creek segment was 

made during the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate 

a better understanding of the river values, this report includes a description 

of the Fisheries ORV.

Left Fork Foots Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Foots Creek is a very important summer steelhead spawning and rearing stream, possessing some of 

the highest observed densities of returning adult fish found in the entire Rogue River basin. While the 

long term trend in observed redds has been declining, an ODFW steelhead surveys conducted in the 

spring of 2002 found an average of 69.4 steelhead redds per mile on Foots Creek, up from the average for 

all years of 57 per mile. Steelhead have been documented up to river mile 5.6 (includes mainstem below

confluence of forks) on the Left Fork, up to river mile 4.1.

Coho salmon spawn and rear in Foots Creek as well. ODFW records indicate that coho use the mainstem 

and Left Fork of Foots Creek, to river mile 3.6 (measured from the mouth of Foots Creek). Occupied 

CCH/EFH extends to this point, and includes the mainstem of Foots Creek below the forks.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Setting: Left Fort Foots Creek Access and Development: Along the 4 mile Left Fork Foots Creek, one 

crossing or bridge crosses the creek. Public access is available from the Left Fork Foots Cr. Road. Not all 

forest roads are legally accessible to the public on private lands. There are no communities along the river 

corridor. The Rogue River is about six miles northwest of the segment. Adjacent land uses are primarily 

forest management practices. The setting is Roaded Natural. The landscape is generally natural with 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

83 | Page

modifications moderately evident. Concentration of users is low. Compared to other areas in the region, 

fewer gravel roads meander the adjacent hillsides from timber harvest activities. Aerial views also 

indicate fewer timber harvests than other adjacent BLM/private industrial forests. No agricultural, 

residential, recreation or business developments are located in the area. The entire river segment is free 

flowing. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 4.11 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private lands (Table 

24). The BLM manages 0.06 miles (1.5 percent) of shoreline. Two BLM parcels border the stream bank 

on one side; five lie within the corridor but do not contact the riverbank. There are seven total BLM 

parcels. BLM manages 131 acres (10 percent) within the river study corridor.

Table 24. Land ownership within the Left Fork Foots Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 131.15 10.1%

Private 1,166.95 89.9%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 6 water rights and 10 points of diversion on the 4 

mile Left Fort Foots Creek. Table 25 below shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count 

columns due to the fact that one water right may have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several 

use types. This may result in double counting the rights.

Table 25. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Storage

Fire Protection 2 2 0 0.45

Forest Management 2 2 0 0

Road Construction 2 2 0 0

Surface Water

Irrigation 2 2 0.12

Irrigation and Domestic 1 1 1.08

Mining 1 1 5

Totals 6.2 0.45

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

84 | Page

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping 

to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

85 | Page

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Left Fork Foots Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the 

BLM would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress 

designated another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time, state and local agencies would likely not be able to administer this segment.

Criteria6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

Acquiring private lands adjacent to this segment are not necessary under current private land ownership 

and management. If private ownership or management practices were changed to the detriment of the 

ORVs, acquisition of lands could become necessary.

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

86 | Page

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor: Forest Resource 

(67%) on the southern end of the creek and Woodland Resource (33%) on the northern end. Percentages 

are approximate. 

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. The plan provides guidance for the Land 

and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program and information and recommendations to guide federal, 

state, and local units of government, as well as the private sector, in making policy and planning 

decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic 

resources owned or managed by the state on private lands, or through cooperative agreements with private 

landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

87 | Page

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. Assessment of this factor will define 

the political context. The interest in designation or non-designation by Federal agencies; state, local, 

and tribal governments; national and local publics; and the state’s congressional delegation should 

be considered.

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Left Fork Foots Creek during this multi-phased 

outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

88 | Page

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other State or Federal agency lands are near this river. The majority of land ownership 

along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (90%). Current uses and common management 

practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River 

designation. 

Close-to-home activities dominate the user occasions for Oregon residents since these activities occur on 

nearly a daily basis with limited travel. Most activities that occur within the forested or rural settings of 

many eligible rivers are not listed in the SCORPs top ten activities. This is due to the fewer people who 

participate in rural or remote settings. One exception is “day hiking on non-local trails”. This is not an 

indication that the river area’s activities are less important. River activities contribute to the mental and 

physical health of recreation users who participate.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures, which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in November 2005 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covered the Rogue River-Gold Hill Watershed South of Rogue River, including 

the Left Fort Foots Creek. Even without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to 

achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan 

identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal. Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where 

water quality meets standards and avoiding future impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do 

not currently meet water quality standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws, which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws.

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

89 | Page

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

Left Fork Foots Creek is a stream located just 5.7 miles from Rogue River, in Jackson County, in the state 

of Oregon. There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Left Fork Foots Creek watershed 

nor have there been any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Left Fork Creek or its 

tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study.

Left Fork Foots Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Left Fork Foots Creek 

to be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 0.06 of the total 4.1 miles of stream in this segment. 

The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this 

segment difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists 

within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would 

not be the best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and 

outstandingly remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

91 | Page

Little Applegate River Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 26. Little Applegate River Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Little Applegate River

Segment Description: Headwaters of the Little Applegate River downstream to the confluence of 

the Applegate River

Total Segment Length: 22.63 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.73 miles

Total Segment Area: 6,678.21 acres

Area on BLM Land: 1,367.49 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Little Applegate River segment was 

made during the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate 

a better understanding of the river values, this report includes a description 

of the Fisheries ORV.

Little Applegate River Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Fall Chinook, coho salmon, summer steelhead, winter steelhead, resident trout, and several other 

fish species inhabit many miles of the Little Applegate River. There is a concern for the future of the 

Little Applegate Watershed’s anadromous and resident fish populations. 

Two special status fishes, coho salmon and Klamath Mountains Province steelhead , spawn and rear in the 

Applegate-Star/Boaz Watershed Analysis Area. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) listed 

coho salmon in the Rogue and Klamath river basins on June 6, 1997 as threatened under the Endangered 

Species Act.

The Little Applegate River is identified as a tributary of the Applegate River with high intrinsic potential 

habitat. ODFW (2008b) convened a panel of fisheries and watershed science experts as an initial step in 

their development of a recovery plan for Oregon's SONCC coho salmon populations. Deliberations of the 

expert panel provided ODFW with initial, strategic guidance on perceived Middle Rogue / Applegate 

Rivers Population limiting factors and threats to recovery. Based on the input of panel members, the key 

concerns for Middle Rogue-Applegate subbasin are as follows:
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

92 | Page

loss of over-winter tributary habitat complexity, floodplain connectivity, and access and over-summer 

water temperatures and habitat access. Over-winter tributary habitat and floodplain connectivity, 

especially in the lowlands, has been impacted by past and current agricultural practices and an 

interruption in the transport and presence of large wood. Access to habitat has been limited by road 

crossings. Summer habitat is limiting because high water temperatures have resulted from land 

management actions in the riparian zone and straightening of channels and water management actions for 

agricultural purposes. Water withdrawals and diversions and road crossings have also limited the amount 

of, and access to, summer habitat and thermal refuge.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Wildlife: One hundred thirty-eight species of vertebrates are known to live in the Little Applegate's 

watershed, while another 134 are suspected. Some 37 square miles of the watershed have been designated 

as Critical Habitat Units for the Northern Spotted Owl, a critically endangered species. Two other species 

known to live in the watershed are included in the IUCN Red List: the endangered Siskiyou Mountains 

Salamander, and the vulnerable Western Pond Turtle. Bighorn Sheep, Gray Wolves, Grizzly Bears, and 

Pronghorns once inhabited the region, but are now considered extirpated.

The water quality of the Little Applegate River watershed is generally poor due to high temperatures, 

sedimentation, and oxygen saturation levels which occur throughout the region. Most of these problems 

are created by human activity; forests and riparian zones have been cleared to make way for agriculture, 

and high road densities cause slope failures

Historic: The first European Americans to visit the area were a group of fur trappers led by Peter Skene 

Ogden in 1827. The community of Buncom was founded by Chinese miners in 1851 when gold, silver, 

cinnabar (mercury), and chromite were discovered in nearby Jacksonville. In the spring of 1854, James 

Sterling and Aaron Davis discovered gold in the Sterling Creek area, and hundreds of miners soon 

arrived. The town of Sterlingville was founded, and by October its population had risen to over 1,500. 

Mining lasted through the 1850s and 60s, and much of the riverbeds of Sterling Creek and the lower Little 

Applegate River were excavated. The Sterling Ditch and several other ditches were constructed in the 

1870s, providing water to large hydraulic mining operations in Sterlingville and surrounding regions. The 

Sterlingville mine quickly became the largest hydraulic mine in Oregon, and possibly the entire western 

United States.

According to the Applegate Subbasin TMDL (ODEQ 2003b): “Significant flow in the mainstem and Little 

Applegate River is allocated for irrigation, mining and domestic use. No new consumptive water rights 

for live stream flows have been issued in the Applegate since July 1934, when it was determined that

natural stream flows were insufficient to meet existing consumptive rights during the irrigation season.

However consumptive rights for stored water from the Applegate reservoir are still available. In addition, 

domestic (in-house human consumption) rights may still be obtained if the applicant can demonstrate that 

surface water is the only available source for their use.” Water withdrawals have the potential and likely 

impact surface water temperatures within the Applegate Subbasin (ODEQ 2003b). Analysis for this 

WQRP identified no federal water withdrawals that are affecting stream temperature in the Applegate 

Subbasin. Private water withdrawals from federal lands contribute to elevated temperatures on some 

streams. The management of water withdrawals is within the jurisdiction of the Oregon Water Resources 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

93 | Page

Department and as such the USFS and BLM have no authority in this area. No flow targets or changes in 

water use are identified in the Applegate Subbasin TMDL (ODEQ 2003b).

Setting: Little Applegate Access and Development: Along the 22.6 mile Little Applegate River, 

approximately eight bridges cross over the river. Public access to the river is available from adjacent 

forest roads, but is mostly under private ownership and could be restricted. Buncom is an abandoned 

mining town located at the confluence of the Little Applegate River and Sterling Creek in Jackson 

County. There are no other communities along the river study area or in its vicinity. On the southeast end, 

the dominate features along the river corridor are managed forested settings of the Rogue-Siskiyou 

National Forest. The northwest end is dominated by private residences and cleared fields for livestock or 

crops, however, development and density is sparse. In the center of the segment is the Trillium Farm and 

Tunnel Ridge Recreation site with developed trails. A BLM recreation development is located at Little 

Applegate Recreation Site. The setting is Roaded Natural to Rural. In the Roaded Natural area, the 

landscape is generally natural with modifications moderately evident and concentration of users is low to 

moderate. In the Rural setting, the area is characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. 

Opportunities to affiliate with others are prevalent. The convenience of recreation sites and opportunities 

are more important than a natural landscape or setting. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and 

the concentration of users is often moderate to high. Developed sites, roads, and trails are designed for 

moderate to high uses. The river segment is free flowing.

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for the 22.63 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), private, and USFS lands

(Table 27). The BLM manages 1.73 miles (7.6 percent) of shoreline. Within the western two-thirds of the 

Little Applegate corridor, BLM lands from 24 sections penetrate the study area. Several of the sections 

near midpoint are continuous. Only three locations span the entire 1⁄2-mile wide corridor for ownership on 

both sides of the river. BLM manages 1,367 acres (20.5 percent) within the river study corridor.

Table 27. Land ownership within the Little Applegate River corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 1,367.49 20.5%

Private 3,562.58 53.3%

USFS 1,748.14 26.2%

The three Water Right types include: Ground Water, Storage and Surface Water. Water uses within these 

types include: irrigation and primary and supplemental irrigation (Ground Water); Livestock (Storage); 

and Anadromous and resident fish bearing, Domestic, Domestic Expanded, irrigation, Irrigation and 

Domestic, Irrigation, Livestock and domestic, Livestock and mining (Surface Water).

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Large amounts of water were diverted from the Applegate river and its tributaries, sometimes so much 

that the mouth was left nearly dry. A major contributor to the sedimentation of the Little Applegate River 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

94 | Page

is McDonald Ditch, an irrigation ditch near McDonald Creek. Built in 1920 to provide water to residents 

of nearby Wagner Creek, the ditch has failed numerous times, sending several tons of dirt and mud 

downstream. The Talent Irrigation District approved purchasing a $10,000 monitoring system for the 

ditch in September 2010, and applied for a $100,000 United States Bureau of Reclamation grant to 

replace the ditch with pipes. 

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping 

to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

95 | Page

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Little Applegate River segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the 

BLM and the USFS would be most suited to manage their respective lands and resources within this 

boundary, unless Congress designated another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time, it is not expected that state and local agencies would be able to administer this segment.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

Acquiring private lands adjacent to this segment are not necessary under current private land ownership 

and management. If private ownership or management practices were changed to the detriment of the 

ORVs, acquisition of lands could become necessary.

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

96 | Page

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

The Applegate Partnership was formed by individuals, community groups, and residents of the 

Applegate area to address the concerns for the Applegate River Subbasin. This partnership provides a 

forum for discussing local issues and exchanging information among the various interests in the 

region.

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor:

• Exclusive Farm Use (47%)

• Forest Resource (37%)

• Woodland Resource (14%)

• Rural Residential (2%)

• Aggregate Removal (<1%)

The eastern end has more Forest Resource lands while the western end has all the Rural residential 

districts. Other zones are intermittently scattered along the river corridor. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use district is intended to conserve agricultural land and implements 

the Oregon Agricultural Land Use Policy. 

The purpose of Forest Resource and Woodland Resource districts are intended to conserve forest lands. 

Additional zoning definitions: http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Files/Chapter%205.pdf

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

97 | Page

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

98 | Page

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to the Little Applegate River during this multi-phased 

outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The Little Applegate River originates on the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest and runs downstream 

through BLM and private lands. The Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest did not study their segment of 

the River for eligibility in the Wild and Scenic River system. The BLM determined that a 22.6 mile 

segment is eligible, including several miles on USFS lands. With BLM’s finding of eligibility, the FS 

indicates that they may study the river for eligibility at a later date. Agencies would collaborate in the 

process. The Forest Service feels that the potential future designation should not deter from its plans, 

programs, and policies in meeting regional objectives, as they would be involved in the planning 

process. Both the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management follow management prescriptions of 

the Northwest Forest Plan. Management actions should therefore be consistent. 

The majority of land ownership along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (53.3%). 

Current uses and private management practices may not be consistent with management prescriptions for 

a Wild and Scenic River designation due to existing rural community developments, the number of bridge 

crossings and adjacent timber management practices.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

99 | Page

Close-to-home activities dominate the user occasions for Oregon residents since these activities occur on 

nearly a daily basis with limited travel. Most activities that occur within the forested or rural settings of 

many eligible rivers are not listed in the SCORPs top ten activities. This is due to the fewer people who 

participate in rural or remote settings. One exception is “day hiking on non-local trails”. This is not an 

indication that the river area’s activities are less important. River activities contribute to the mental and 

physical health of recreation users who participate.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in January 2005 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Applegate Subbasin Watershed. Even without designation as a 

W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 

303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this 

goal.Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future 

impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

100 | Page

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

The Little Applegate River is a 21-mile long tributary of the Applegate River located in the U.S. state of 

Oregon. It makes up just under 15 percent of the Applegate River's watershed, and just over 2 percent of 

the Rogue River's. It drains approximately 113 square miles of Jackson County. Rising in the Siskiyou 

Mountains, the river flows generally northwest to meet the Applegate about 2 miles northwest of Buncom 

and 2 miles south of Ruch. Despite low water quality, the Little Applegate watershed supports 

populations of coho and Chinook salmon, along with 138 known and 134 suspected species of other 

vertebrates. Sixty-four percent of the watershed is forested, although its health is slowly declining due to 

fire suppression. The water quality of the Little Applegate River watershed is generally poor due to high 

temperatures, sedimentation, and oxygen saturation levels which occur throughout the region. Most of 

these problems are created by human activity; forests and riparian zones have been cleared to make way 

for agriculture, and high road densities cause slope failures. Hydraulic mining near Sterlingville 

devastated the surrounding landscape, leaving the slopes bare and sending rocks and gravel downstream. 

Cattle and sheep were introduced to the area in the late 19th century; they have since overgrazed some 

areas of the watershed, reducing native grasses and allowing noxious weeds to spread. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Little Applegate Creek watershed nor have 

there been any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Little Applegate Creek or its 

tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study.

Little Applegate River Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Little Applegate 

Creek to be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The 

makeup of this segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLMmanaged portions of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.7 of the total 22.6 miles of stream 

in this segment. The BLM does not control uses or activities on many of these private lands, making 

effective management of this segment difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more 

non-compatible land uses exists within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild 

and scenic river designation would not be the best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing 

condition, water quality, and outstandingly remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

102 | Page

Quines Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 1. Quines Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Quines Creek

Segment Description: Headwaters of Quines Creek downstream to the confluence with Cow 

Creek.

Total Segment Length: 7.21 miles

Length on BLM Land: 2.69 miles

Total Segment Area: 2,132.13 acres

Area on BLM Land: 816.35 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Quines Creek segment was made 

during the BLMs 1990 land use planning study. In order to facilitate a better 

understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of the 

Fisheries ORV.

Quines Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Quines Creek and Bull Run Creek are tributaries to Cow Creek in the Umpqua Basin. These streams 

provide habitat for coho, steelhead, and cutthroat. BLM ownership on Quines Creek is limited. Of the 

7.21 miles of stream, approximately 2.82 miles in the upper reaches of this stream is in BLM ownership. 

The first approximately 2.8 miles of this stream is low gradient and historically important for coho and 

steelhead. There is no BLM ownership within this first 2.8 mile stretch. Fish habitat is degraded and 

simplified in much of this lower reach, and the stream is adjacent to private homes and agricultural lands. 

Though habitat restoration efforts have been implemented on BLM ownership in the upper reaches, this 

stream is not worthy of the Wild and Scenic determination.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Setting: Quines Creek Access and Development Along the 7.2 mile Quines Creek, at least 12 bridges or 

creek crossings traverse the creek. Public access to the creek is available from adjacent county and forest 

roads. Some forest roads and river access may be restricted to public use on private lands. There are no 

communities within the river corridor. Azalea is 2 miles to the east of the confluence of Cow Creek. The 

northern end of the creek is predominately rural with Interstate 5 crossing the creek near Cow Creek.

About two dozen residences front the creek with agricultural clearings for crops and livestock. The 

southern end of the creek is an actively managed forest landscape. The setting is Roaded Natural in the 

forested areas. The landscape is generally natural with modifications moderately evident. Concentration 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

103 | Page

of users is low to moderate. A network of gravel roadways meander throughout the areas hillsides from 

past timber harvests. The setting is Rural where residences occur. This area is characterized by a 

substantially modified natural environment. Opportunities to affiliate with others are prevalent. Sights and 

sounds of man are readily evident, and the concentration of users is often moderate or higher. Developed 

sites, roads, and trails are designed for moderate to high uses. No agricultural, residential, recreation or 

business developments are noted in this area. The river segment is free flowing. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 7.21 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private lands (Table 

29). The BLM manages 2.69 miles (37.3 percent) of shoreline. Two BLM parcels cross the river corridor. 

The parcels run through several continuous sections. BLM manages 816 acres (38.3 percent) within the 

river study corridor.

Table 29. Land ownership within the Quines Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 816.35 38.3%

Private 1,315.78 61.7%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 27 water rights and 40 points of diversion on the 

7 mile Quines Creek from Quines Cr. to Cow Cr. Table 30 below shows water types and uses. It is not 

advisable to count columns due to the fact that one water right may have several points of diversion 

(POD) and/or several use types. This may result in double counting the rights.

Table 30. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Irrigation 1 1 0.14

Primary and Supplemental Irrigation 1 1 0.1

Storage

Irrigation 2 4 0 0.517

Livestock 3 6 0 1.067

Storage 1 1 2.8

Surface Water

Domestic 1 1 0.01

Domestic Expanded 1 1 0.01

Domestic Including Lawn and Garden 2 4 0.045

Irrigation 13 13 1.9944

Irrigation, Livestock and Domestic 3 3 0.3628

Livestock 2 2 0.095

Mining 1 1 0

Supporting Aquatic Life 1 1 5

Totals 7.7572 4.384
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

104 | Page

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping 

to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

105 | Page

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Quines Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM would 

be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.

Criteria6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

106 | Page

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Quines Creek lies in two counties: Douglas County (99.9%) and Jackson County (0.1%). 

Douglas County has designated the following zones along Quines Creek: 

• Timberland Resource (81%)

• Farm-Forest (10%)

• Exclusive Farm Use Grazing (4%)

• Agriculture and Woodlot (3%)

• Rural Residential-5 (1%)

• Rural Residential-2 (1%)

• Rural Community Commercial (<1%)

All of the lower percentage zones lie on the eastern end near the community of Quines Creek. 

The Timberland Resource classification is intended to conserve and protect lands for continued timber 

production, harvesting and related uses, conserve and protect watersheds, wildlife habitats and other such 

uses associated with forests and to provide for the orderly development of both public and private 

recreational uses as appropriate and not in conflict with the primary intent of the zone, which is sustained 

production of forest products. Uses of land not associated with the management and development of 

forests shall be discouraged to minimize the potential hazards of damage from fire, pollution and conflict 

caused by non-forest related residential, commercial and industrial activities. 

Jackson County zoning for a small portion of the 1⁄4 mile corridor on the south side of the creek at the 

headwaters is Forest Resource (100%). The purpose of the Forest Resource zone is intended to conserve 

forest lands.

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

107 | Page

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. Assessment of this factor will define 

the political context. The interest in designation or non-designation by Federal agencies; state, local, 

and tribal governments; national and local publics; and the state’s congressional delegation should 

be considered.

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

108 | Page

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Quines Creek during this multi-phased outreach 

effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives.

Besides BLM, no other State or Federal agency lands are near this river. The majority of land ownership 

along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (62%). Current uses and common management 

practices could be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation.

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

109 | Page

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in 2004 by the Medford District Bureau of Land 

Management which covers the Middle Cow Creek Watershed, including Quines Creek. Even without 

designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality 

standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to 

achieve this goal. 

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Quines Creek watershed nor have there been 

any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Quines Creek or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

110 | Page

Quines Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Quines Creek to be 

non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 2.7 of the total 7.2 miles of stream in this segment. 

The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this 

segment difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists 

within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would 

not be the best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and 

outstandingly remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

112 | Page

Riffle Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 31. Riffle Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Riffle Creek

Segment Description: Headwaters of Riffle Creek downstream to the confluence with Cow Creek

Total Segment Length: 6.13 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.94 miles

Total Segment Area: 1,748.21 acres

Area on BLM Land: 762.16 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Riffle Creek segment was made during 

the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a better 

understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of the 

Fisheries ORV.

Riffle Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: BLM ownership on Riffle Creek is limited. Of the 6.13 miles of stream, approximately 1.93 miles in 

the upper reaches of this stream is in BLM ownership. The first approximately 3.1 miles of this stream is 

low gradient and historically important for coho and steelhead. There is only 0.04 miles of BLM 

ownership within this first 3.1 mile stretch. 

Other River Values and Characteristics

Setting: Riffle Creek Access and Development Along the six mile Riffle Creek, at least five bridges or 

creek crossings traverse the creek. Public access to the creek is available from adjacent forest roads that 

run along the creek. Some roads and river access may be restricted on private lands. There are no 

communities along the river corridor. The dominate features and uses of the landscape are forest 

management practices. The setting is Roaded Natural. The landscape is generally natural with 

modifications moderately evident. Concentration of users is low to moderate. An adjacent network of 

gravel roadways meander throughout the areas hillsides from past timber harvests. No agricultural, 

residential, recreation or business developments are noted in the area. The entire river segment is free 

flowing. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

113 | Page

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 6.13 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private lands (Table 

32). The BLM manages 1.94 miles (31.6 percent) of shoreline. Two BLM parcels cross the creek for 

ownership on both sides; two border it on one side only and two BLM parcels have no contact with the 

streambed. There are six total BLM parcels. BLM manages 762 acres (43.6 percent) within the river study 

corridor.

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records one water right and point of diversion on the 6-

mile Riffle Creek from Riffle Creek to Cow Creek (Table 33). 

Table 32. Land ownership within the Riffle Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 762.16 43.6%

Private 986.05 56.4%

Table 33. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Surface Water Supporting Aquatic Life 1 1 5

Totals 5 0

The river segment must comply with state water right laws. The surface water diversions must be 

constructed in a manner enhancing fish habitat in order to not impair the free-flowing nature of the 

segment.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping 

to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States. Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

114 | Page

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Riffle Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM would 

be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

115 | Page

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Riffle Creek lies in two counties: Douglas (90%) and Josephine (10%).

The Douglas County zone for Riffle Creek is Timberland Resource (100%). 

The Timberland Resource classification is intended to conserve and protect lands for continued timber 

production, harvesting and related uses, conserve and protect watersheds, wildlife habitats and other such 

uses associated with forests and to provide for the orderly development of both public and private 

recreational uses as appropriate and not in conflict with the primary intent of the zone, which is sustained 

production of forest products. Uses of land not associated with the management and development of 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

116 | Page

forests shall be discouraged to minimize the potential hazards of damage from fire, pollution and conflict 

caused by non-forest related residential, commercial and industrial activities. 

The Josephine County zone for Riffle Creek is Forest Commercial. (100%) 

The Forest Commercial zone is intended to implement the Goals and Policies of the Josephine County 

Comprehensive Plan by conserving and protecting lands for forest uses. The Forest Zones are designed to 

provide a classification for commercial forest lands in private ownerships and for public lands 

administered by forest management agencies, encourage the management of commercial forest lands as a 

stable timber base, and to conserve natural resources by reducing hazards.

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

117 | Page

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Riffle Creek during this multi-phased outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

118 | Page

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other State or Federal agency lands are near this river. The majority of land ownership 

along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (56%). Current uses and management practices 

could be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation. 

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in 2004 by the Medford District Bureau of Land 

Management which covers the West Fork Cow Creek, including the Riffle Creek area. Even without 

designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality 

standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to 

achieve this goal. 

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

119 | Page

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Riffle Creek watershed nor have there been 

any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Riffle Creek or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study.

Riffle Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Riffle Creek to be nonsuitable for inclusion. The makeup of this segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as 

a WSR. 

The BLM-managed portions of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.9 of the total 6.1 miles 

of stream in this segment. The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective 

management of this segment difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more noncompatible land uses exists within the river corridor. 

During this suitability analysis, it was determined that the fisheries resources on Riffle Creek no longer 

meet the threshold for an outstandingly remarkable value. Fish habitat is degraded and simplified in much 

of the lower reach. Though habitat restoration efforts have been implemented on BLM ownership in the 

upper reaches, from a fisheries standpoint Riffle Creek does not contain any rare, unique, or exemplary 

features that support a designation. Since fish are no longer an Outstandingly Remarkable Value

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

121 | Page

Rogue River Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 34. Rogue River Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Rogue River

Segment Description: Lost Creek Dam downstream to the confluence of the Applegate River

Total Segment Length: 63.24 miles 

Length on BLM Land: 2.10 miles

Total Segment Area: 19,798.13 acres

Area on BLM Land: 753.85 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish, Recreation

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Rogue River segment was made during 

the BLM’s 1990 land use planning study. ORV’s for this segment of the 

Rogue River are Fish and Recreation, described below. 

Rogue River Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: The Rogue River contains extremely high-quality salmonid habitat and has one of the finest 

salmonid fisheries in the west. However, most stocks are less abundant than they were historically. 

Salmonids found in the Rogue River downstream of Lost Creek Lake include Coho salmon, spring and 

fall Chinook salmon, and summer and winter steelhead. Coho salmon in the watershed belong to an 

Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) that was listed by the National Marine Fisheries Service as a 

threatened species in 1997 and reaffirmed as threatened in 2005. The state of Oregon in 2005 listed Rogue 

spring Chinook salmon as potentially at risk. Between Lost Creek Lake and Grants Pass there are major 

fisheries for spring and fall Chinook salmon, and Coho salmon from hatcheries, summer and winter 

steelhead, and large resident rainbow trout.

Dam building and removal along the Rogue River has generated controversy for more than a century; an 

early fish-blocking dam (Ament) was dynamited by vigilantes, mostly disgruntled salmon fishermen. By 

2010 all of the main-stem dams downstream of a huge flood-control structure (William L. Jess Dam) 157 

miles (253 km) from the river mouth had been removed. 

Recreation: This stretch of the Rogue River offers a wide variety of recreational opportunities, including 

boating, fishing, sightseeing, recreational gold panning, and photography. There are numerous floating 

options of varying difficulties and lengths with multiple access points: easy access from paved roads 

provides opportunities for trips that vary from a few hours to all day. The boating season is generally year 

round, with fall and winter use centering more on fishing activities rather than floating. The removal of 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

122 | Page

Gold Ray Dam (River mile 126) in 2010 changed recreational use patterns, allowing boats to continue 

down river; some boaters have floated the entire 157 miles to the coast. While commercial boating and 

fishing activities take place along the entire stretch of river, the stretch of river between TouVelle State 

Park and the town of Gold Hill is primarily used by whitewater outfitters capable of negotiating the class 

IV Nugget Falls. The stretches of river upstream and downstream from the falls are class I and II and are 

easily negotiable by less experienced boaters. “A Guide to the Rogue River Water Trail” published by 

Oregon State Parks in 2012 provides boating and access details for this entire segment. Developed 

camping accommodations are available at several private, county, and state facilities located along the 

river segment. Among dozens of developed recreation sites along the river corridor, the Valley of the 

Rogue State Park, 12 miles east of Grants Pass, is built around a full three miles of river shoreline.

At least eight rafting companies and over two dozen fishing guides offer guided float or fishing trips 

along this section of the Rogue River. Because of limited public lands, no permits are required except by 

the Oregon State Marine Board. Several companies rent out rafts and inflatable kayaks and provide 

shuttle services between several launch and takeout points. Removal of Gold Ray Dam facilitated new 

commercial jet boat use in the Table Rocks area of the river.

The Rogue Umpqua National Scenic Byway runs parallel to segments of the Rogue River downstream 

from Lost Creek Lake to the town of Gold Hill. Gold Nugget Waysides, located near Gold Hill, are three 

small developed BLM recreation sites with vault toilets and picnic tables, with foot access down to the 

river. These are the only developed BLM sites within the river corridor.

Segments of the river are the focus of several planning efforts. The ‘Rogue River Access and Recreation 

Management Plan’ is a joint Jackson County Parks Department and ODFW planning effort brought about 

by the removal of Gold Ray Dam and the resulting changes in recreational use. The goal of the plan is to 

identify appropriate public access points between Givan Ranch and Gold Hill and develop a strategy to 

manage the recreational use while maintaining the integrity of the natural resources in the area. A 

segment of river between TouVelle State Park and May Creek is also included in the BLM’s Table Rocks 

Management Plan, a cooperative plan developed with The Nature Conservancy, the Confederated Tribes 

of Grand Ronde, and the Cow Creek Tribe of Umpqua Band of Indians. While focused on the Table 

Rocks themselves, the plan acknowledges the intertwined public and private land, the presence of the 

river, and the growing recreational use from the adjacent urban population. Continuation of the Rogue 

River Greenway, a paved bike and pedestrian trail between Central Point and Grants Pass, is proposed to 

parallel the river from Fishers Ferry to Grants Pass. Completion of this greenway would provide over 50 

miles of greenway trail between Ashland and Grants Pass.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Historical: In 1846 the Applegate Trail opened the Rogue Valley to settlement. The miners and settlers 

who poured into southern Oregon in the early 1850s intent on obtaining gold and land soon clashed with 

the native Takelma Indians. During the Rogue River Indian Wars (1851-1856) one of the first conferences 

between the natives and the immigrants took place on a large gravel bar in the Rogue River in 1852 below 

Table Rock. A treaty signed in 1863 established a temporary 100 square mile reservation on the north side 

of the river. It also established Fort Lane on the south side of the river, a 640-acre military reserve to 

protect the reservation’s inhabitants from land-hungry settlers. Despite the agreements made, more 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

123 | Page

fighting and massacres occurred, resulting in the Takelma being removed in 1856 to reservations further 

north. Fort Lane was abandoned and the buildings allowed to decay. The land that Fort Lane occupied is 

now managed by Oregon State Parks and has been the subject of archeological surveys.

Setting: Rogue River Access and Development: At that time, the river was divided into 3 segments 

located between dams. Since then, dam removal has made the river free-flowing, and is now considered 

as one segment. Along the 63 mile Rogue River, eleven transportation bridges, one RR bridge and three 

non-motorized walkways cross the river. Most bridges span the entire river, but some may have support 

piers within the river channel. Public access to portions of the river is legal where Federal or State lands 

border the river. Legal access to a majority of the river may be restricted by private ownership. Public 

roads are maintained by Federal (Interstate 5), State (62, 234), Jackson County and Josephine County. 

The entire waterway is paralleled by roads and major agricultural, recreation, transportation, residential 

and business developments. Recreation sites within the corridor include a golf course, River’s Fork Edge, 

McGregor Park, Casey State Park, Rogue Elk County Park, Upper County Regional County Park, Fly 

Casters RV Park, Takelma County Park, Dodge Bridge County Park, Gold Nugget Waysides, Valley of 

the Rogue State Park and about 16 other County Parks and Waysides. Development also includes a waste 

water treatment facility, developed slough and ponds, gravel pit operation, many businesses, private 

residences and subdivisions, and many industrial developments. City limits are particularly developed 

along the riverway. Views of these are readily evident from the river. Communities along the river 

include Trail, Shady Cove, Gold Hill, Rogue River, Grants Pass, Fruitdale, and Redwood.

The settings vary between Rural and heavily developed Urban city districts. In the Rural setting, the area 

is characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. Opportunities to affiliate with others are 

prevalent. The convenience of recreation sites and opportunities are more important than a natural 

landscape or setting. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and the concentration of users is often 

moderate to high. Developed sites, roads, and trails are designed for moderate to high uses. In the Urban 

setting, the area is characterized by a substantially urbanized environment, although the background may 

have natural-appealing elements. High levels of human activity and concentrated development, including 

recreation opportunities are prevalent. Developed sites, roads and other recreation opportunities are 

designed for high use.

The Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife operates the Cole River Hatchery less than a mile downstream 

from the dam. Within the study corridor, it is the largest hatchery in Oregon, which annually rears 3.7 

million spring Chinook, coho, steelhead and rainbow trout, and plants them in the Rogue River. The 

Hatchery is open to the public. Development at the hatchery is considerable with its cement ponds, 

buildings and a parking area and small spillway directly in the river’s course. The river segment being 

studied starts just below where Cole M. Rivers Drive crosses the river. River day-use sites can be seen 

along the river’s edge. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 63 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), Corp of Engineers, county, 

private, and State lands (Table 35). BLM manages 754 acres (3.8 percent) within the river study corridor. 

There are 19 total BLM parcels in the river corridor. There is one parcel that crosses the river to both 

sides and 9 that border the streambed on one side of the river. The BLM manages 2.1 miles (3.3 percent) 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

124 | Page

of shoreline. An additional nine segments lie within the river corridor but have no contact with the 

streambed. 

Table 35. Land ownership within the Rogue River corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 753.85 3.8%

Army Corps of Engineers 20.38 0.1%

Private 17,005.33 85.9%

State Agency 1,785.09 9.0%

Oregon Parks and Recreation Department 233.48 1.2%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records approximately 1,000 water rights and 1,233 

points of diversion on the Rogue River segment with a run date of June 1. Table 36 below shows water 

types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact that one water right may have several 

points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result in double counting the rights.

Table 36. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water

Campsite 1 1 0.03

Commercial Uses 5 5 0.045

Domestic 5 5 0.64

Domestic Expanded 2 2 0.07

Fish Culture 1 1 0.0232

Group Domestic 3 3 0.69498

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 7 7 0.4869

Irrigation 12 12 0.7025

Primary And Supplemental Irrigation 1 1 0.0557

Storage

Aesthetics 1 1 0 11

Fire Protection 3 3 0 2.3

Fish Culture 1 1 0 0

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 3 3 0 16.3

Livestock 2 2 0 6

Recreation 1 1 0 17

Storage 7 7 0 72.15

Temperature Control 1 1 0 1.7

Wildlife 4 4 0 6.2

Surface Water

Aesthetics 1 1 0.05

Campsite 1 1 0.005

Domestic 73 73 0.8183 8

Domestic And Livestock 1 1 0.05

Domestic Expanded 6 6 0.053

Domestic Including Lawn and Garden 28 28 0.3
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

125 | Page

Fire Protection 9 9 0.512

Fish And Wildlife 1 1 0.2

Fish Culture 3 3 50.1

Frost Protection 4 4 18.04 0

Human Consumption 8 8 0.04

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 19 19 4.73625

Instream Fishery Enhancement 1 1 800

Irrigation 900 900 209.2395 5173.524

Irrigation And Domestic 8 8 0.39

Irrigation, Livestock and Domestic 16 16 4.255

Livestock 26 26 5.5993

Mining 3 3 3 0

Municipal Uses 29 29 192.00315 1292

Pond Maintenance 1 1 0.894

Power Development 1 1 0

Primary and Supplemental Irrigation 6 6 12.55 3.9

Quasi-Municipal Uses 7 7 0.2 100

Recreation 4 4 2.38

Storage 1 1 0.38

Temperature Control 14 14 40.95

Wildlife 2 2 0.01

Totals 1,233 1,349.5 6,710.07

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Major land uses in the area include urban development and agriculture. Early European inhabitation 

resulted in logging of the surrounding hills and agricultural development of the valley bottoms. The 

watershed has historically experienced low-severity fires. 

Major land uses in the Rogue River-Gold Hill Watershed South include agriculture, timber, mining, and 

recreation. Cattle operations are the largest non-forestry agricultural venture. Other agriculture in the plan 

area is varied and mostly small acreage, domestic farms and gardens located along the major streams. 

Logging has occurred in the plan area since the 1850s when timber was used by miners and settlers. It 

wasn’t until the second half of the twentieth century that timber became a major commodity. In the last 30 

years, 48% of BLM lands in the plan area have had timber harvested to some degree. The Douglas-fir 

forest suitable for commercial harvest is prevalent at higher elevations, along the northern and western 

portions of the plan area. Historically, mineral production played a significant role in the development of 

this area. There is still considerable interest in mineral exploration and development as evidenced by the 

large number of mining claims on file. Dredging activity on the river can be heavy during the permitted 

season (mid-June through mid-September) between the former Gold Ray Dam site and the town of Gold 

Hill. Due to the close proximity to the towns of Rogue River and Gold Hill as well as the cities of Grants 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

126 | Page

Pass and Medford, the area receives a high degree of recreation use for hiking, fishing, hunting, mountain 

biking, horseback riding, off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, and driving for pleasure. 

The Medford District RMP identified four potential recreation sites on BLM lands within or immediately 

adjacent to the river segment: Skookum Creek Wayside (T33S, R 2E, Sec 11), Brush Creek (T33S, R1W, 

Sec 35), Rocky Point (T34S, R1W, Sec 10), and Nugget Falls (T36S, R3W, Sec 11). None of these sites 

have been developed. Although there are no facilities and no legal access along a railroad right-of-way, 

Nugget Falls has vehicle access to an unimproved parking area, and receives heavy summer use for 

fishing, dredging, and whitewater boating activities.

Directly across from Nugget Falls are Gold Nugget Waysides, three small developed BLM recreation 

sites with vault toilets, picnic tables, and foot access down to the river.

Lost Creek Lake to the Applegate River 

View of Lost Creek Lake, looking west from the top of the William L. Jess Dam. About 1 mile (1.6 km) 

below Cole M. Rivers Drive, the river passes under Route 62, receives Big Butte Creek from the left, and 

enters Casey State Recreation Site. Flowing west, about 3 miles (4.8 km) downstream, the river receives 

Elk Creek from the right. Over the next stretch, the Rogue River receives Bush Creek from the right, 

Brush Creek from the left, Lewis Creek from the right, passes the unincorporated community of Trail, and 

receives Trail and Cricket creeks from the right, passes under Route 62 again and through the city of 

Shady Cove. Below the city, the river flows parallel to Route 62 on its left and Rogue River Drive on its 

right. The stream receives Indian Creek from the left, Branch Creek from the left, passes Takelma County 

Park, and receives Langel Creek from the left and Dry Creek from the right before reaching the Dodge 

Bridge gauging station at about RM 139 (RK 224) and passing under Oregon Route 234, also known as 

Sams Valley Highway.

Over the next stretch, the river receives Hog Creek from the left, passes Rattlesnake Rapids at RM 136 

(RK 219), receives Little Butte Creek from the left, flows through Denman Wildlife Area and by 

TouVelle State Recreation Site, which is on its left. As it leaves TouVelle, it passes under Table Rock 

Road. Over the next few miles, the river flows by several gravel pits on the left and right near the Agate 

Desert and Kelly Slough. Whetstone and Bear creeks enter from the left as the river approaches the site of 

the former Gold Ray Dam, which was removed in the summer of 2010, and a USGS gauge at about 126 

miles (203 km) from the mouth. The river then passes Fishers Ferry Park, which is on the left, and 

receives Sams Creek and Water Gulch from the right.

View of the river from Lower Table Rock. At this point, Route 234 runs along the right bank of the river. 

Flowing by the former Gold Hill Dam and then the Gold Nugget Waysides and the Gold Hill Recreation 

area, both to the river's right, the Rogue passes under Route 234 and Oregon Route 99. It turns west, 

flowing between the city of Gold Hill and Route 99 on the right and the Ben Hur Lampman State Scenic 

Corridor and Interstate 5 (I-5), both on the left, at about RM 119 (RK 192). The Rogue receives Galls 

Creek from the left and Sardine Creek from the right before passing under Route 99, which continues 

parallel to it on the left. Crossing under I-5, the river flows between it, now on the right, and Highway 99 

along the edge of Valley of the Rogue State Park to about RM 110 (RK 180), where it receives Foots and 

Birdseye creeks from the left and passes the city of Rogue River, which is on the right bank. Further on, it 

receives Ward and Evans creeks from the right and Little Savage and Savage creeks from the left. It 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

127 | Page

reaches the site of former Savage Rapids Dam at about RM 107.5 (RK 173), where it leaves Jackson 

County and enters Josephine County. Downstream, the river receives Rich Gulch from the right, passes 

Tom Pearce Park, receives Greens Creek from the left, Jones Creek from the right, Fruitdale Creek from 

the left, enters Grants Pass, and flows by a USGS gauge about 102 miles (164 km) from the river mouth.

In the city, it passes under U.S. Route 199 and Route 99. Allen Creek enters from the left before the river 

flows by Schroeder Park, on the left, and Lathrop Boat Landing, on the right shortly thereafter. Sand 

Creek enters from the left, and Vannoy Creek from the right before the Applegate River enters from the 

left at about RM 95 (RK 153). The average stream gradient from the vicinity of Bear Creek to the 

Applegate River, is relatively low, 10 feet per mile.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would remain the 

same due to limited public land ownership. Since this segment is within the BLM’s Table Rocks 

Management Area and the planning area for Jackson County’s River Access Corridor and Recreation 

Management Plan, and adjacent to the proposed Rogue River Greenway, designation of the river segment 

would coincide with the intensity of recreational management already proposed for the area. Planning for 

recreation sites and facilities would complement designation and would ensure the continued availability 

of recreation opportunities occurring in this river segment, including boating, fishing, hiking and biking.

Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping to preserve existing habitat. Bald 

Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be protected under the Endangered 

Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation would complement the goals and 

objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment. 

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Value 

of fisheries if the river were not designated, through less funding and direct management focus on critical 

values. There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

128 | Page

The recreation ORV along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the segment was 

not designated. Since part of this segment is within the BLM’s Table Rocks Management Area and 

Jackson County’s river corridor access plan, and adjacent to the proposed Rogue River Greenway, 

planning for recreation sites and opportunities would continue without designation of the segment. 

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Dredging activities may be limited or prohibited with designation.

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands. 

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Rogue River segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the State of 

Oregon would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress 

designated another agency.

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

It is recommended that this river be administered by the State, as there is a very small percentage of BLM 

lands along the river.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

129 | Page

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost of 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Two segments of the Rogue River are State Scenic Waterways. The Upper Rogue River located upstream 

from the river segment is a State Scenic Waterway from the Crater Lake National Park Boundary to the 

southern Forest Boundary. The Lower Rogue River located downstream from the river segment is a State 

Scenic Waterway from the Applegate River to Lobster Creek. The State Scenic Waterway program is 

administered by the Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department. State Parks has worked 

cooperatively with the USDA Forest Service to identify the special values of the Upper Rogue, and to 

determine the best course of action for their protection as related to the State Scenic Waterway program.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Two counties contain the Rogue River segment: Jackson (80%) and Josephine (20%).

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor: 

• Exclusive Farm Use (50%)
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

130 | Page

• Woodland Resource (19%)

• Rural Residential (14%)

• Urban Residential (7%)

• Open Space Reserve (6%)

• Aggregate Removal (3%)

• Forest Resource (1%),

• Interchange Commercial (>1%)

• Limited Use (<1%)

Urban areas are within city limits. The other zones are all intermittently spread out in many blocks along 

the Rogue River. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use district is intended to conserve agricultural land and implements 

the Oregon Agricultural Land Use Policy. The purpose of Forest Resource and Woodland Resource

districts are intended to conserve forest lands. 

Josephine County has designated the following land use zones along the Rogue River: 

• Rural Residential (57% - most with 1 acre restriction)

• Agriculture (Exclusive Farm Use) (18%)

• City of Grants Pass Residential (15%)

• Grants Pass Commercial (5%)

• Aggregate Resource (mineral)(2% 

• Forest Woodlot Resource (2%)

• Farm Resource (1%)

• Industrial (<1%)

• Commercial (<1%)

Rural Residential: The purpose of this zone is to preserve the rural character of Josephine County while 

providing areas for rural residential living. Densities established by this zone for developing areas are 

intended to ensure that development does not exceed the carrying capacity of the land to support sewage 

disposal systems, consumptive groundwater withdrawal, and environmental quality. There are restrictions 

to the acreage as further breakdowns.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

131 | Page

Agriculture: The purposes of the Exclusive Farm and Farm Resource Zones are to preserve agricultural 

land most appropriate for farm use and to provide beneficial uses for lands not capable of farming without 

creating conflicts between suburban expansion and farm use. The Farm Zones are intended to guarantee 

the right to conduct normal farm practices and to facilitate and encourage resource management activities. 

Nothing in this regulation is intended to interfere with normal resource management practices that might 

result in conditions such as noise, dust or odor. Residents of the Farm Zones should recognize that the 

intent of the Farm Zones is to protect resource activities, and in the event of a conflict between residential 

use and resource practices, this code will be interpreted in favor of resource practices.

Further summary of zoning can be found at: http://www.co.josephine.or.us/Files/zonedescriptions.pdf

Three Water Quality Restoration Plans around the Rogue River area were completed by the Medford 

District Bureau of Land Management which covered the Rogue River Gold Hill South (2005) and North 

(2011), and the Grants Pass-Rogue River (2011) Watersheds. Even without designation as a W&SR, 

BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 303(d) 

listed streams in the this creek or river. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal. 

Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future 

impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality standards. 

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon.

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners.

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

132 | Page

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM received 11 comments specific to the Rogue River, showing support for Wild and Scenic river 

designation during this multi-phased outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

This section of the Rogue River is not identified; however 93 miles of many other tributaries into the 

Rogue River are supported. Thus, the Rogue River itself would not likely be supported for suitability and 

designation (Conversation with Doug Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 

2013).

The Seven Basins Watershed Council (SBWC) includes approximately 261,000 acres in a portion of the 

Rogue River Valley of Southern Oregon that some 13,000 people call home. The SBWC was formed to 

help address watershed management issues and to provide a framework for the coordination and 

cooperation among key interests in the development and implementation of a watershed action program.

Its mission is to bring together diverse interests, to implement programs and project, to promote 

education; to maintain and/or improve the social, economic and ecological conditions of the Seven Basins 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

133 | Page

Watershed and its citizens. The river segment encompassed by SBWC is from Denman Wildlife Area 

near Table Rock to the town of Rogue River. http://www.sevenbasins.org/bylaws.htm

Outfitter/guides for both boating and fishing would most likely be in support of designation of the 

segment, as designation could highlight the recreational activities already present along the segment.

Among private landowners along this river segment, support would mostly likely be divided. Some 

landowners would support it as a measure to further protect the resource values found along the river 

corridor, while others would oppose designation and any additional regulations that might follow. 

The Rogue River Watershed Council is interested in the best management practices for aquatic resources 

of the Rogue River. The council is dedicated to the long-term protection and enhancement of the Rogue 

River and its tributaries. The council has many responsibilities; it is in charge of policies, public 

information and education, and water quality protection.

Overall public interest in designating this segment would most likely be divided. Support would likely 

come from hunters, recreationists, environmental groups, and others who use the area for nonconsumptive purposes. Opposition would likely come from the mineral and gold dredging proponents 

who may view designation as potentially restricting exploration and extraction within the river corridor.

The State of Oregon has indicated strong support for protecting the water dependent values in streams, 

however, has not specifically supported Wild & Scenic River designation.

American Whitewater is a river advocate organization which promotes conservation of free-flowing, 

whitewater rivers. The Rogue River is listed in the River Inventory of American Whitewater and is 

supported for W&SR suitability/designation. Their emphasis is community-based and represents the 

interests of non-commercial river enthusiasts. American Whitewater has actively influenced the 

designation of rivers in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. A National Whitewater database of 

over 7,000 whitewater runs is maintained. American Whitewater is developing a partnership program 

with Federal Agencies, including BLM, aimed at sharing information and resources related to river health 

and protection. The partnership would provide information to agencies on river safety, use patterns, 

recreational impacts on the land and other recreational users, river access needs, etc. In Oregon, affiliated 

clubs include the Lower Columbia Canoe Club of Portland, North West Rafters Association of Portland, 

Oregon Kayak and Canoe Club of Portland, Oregon Whitewater Association of Beaverton, and the 

Willamette Kayak & Canoe Club of Corvallis. 

http://www.americanwhitewater.org/content/Wiki/stewardship:agency_summary

Pacific Rivers Council (PRC) is a statewide, non-profit organization with a mission to protect and restore 

rivers, their watersheds, and native aquatic species. PRC is in support of Oregon River suitability and 

designation in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. (Jim Ratzlaff conversation 6/24/2013) PRC 

priorities include implementing knowledge about watershed conservation into the most significant areas 

of policy decision-making, taking legal action to protect aquatic resources from imminent danger, 

promoting the economic benefits of healthy watersheds, establishing permanent protection for the best 

remaining watersheds, and actively promoting watershed restoration. http://pacificrivers.org/about
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

134 | Page

American Rivers (AR) supports designation of Oregon Rivers into the Wild and Scenic River System. 

They are a nationwide organization working to protect and restore the nation’s rivers and streams. Efforts 

include ensuring clean drinking water supplies, revitalizing fish and wildlife, improving recreation, and 

leaving a legacy of healthy rivers for future generations. http://www.americanrivers.org/about/

The Wild Salmon Center (WSC) promotes the conservation and sustainable use of wild salmon 

ecosystems across the Pacific Rim. Current leadership supports Wild and Scenic River suitability and 

designation of most Oregon Rivers. (Greg Block, 6/24/13) WSC identifies science-based solutions to 

sustain wild salmonids and the human communities and livelihoods that depend on them. They partner 

with local communities, governments, businesses, and other key stakeholders in a shared commitment to 

good stewardship and long-term sustainability. http://www.wildsalmoncenter.org/about/index.php

Douglas Timber Operators (DTO) is a community-supported forest products organization whose mission 

is to actively promote timber harvest, reforestation and production of forest products on public and private 

timberlands, and the enhancement of healthy forest ecosystems, through multiple use forest management. 

Based in Douglas County since 1968, DTO would not likely support suitability determinations or 

designation of any river in the County.

The Wild Rogue Alliance supports additional WSR designations. In addition to the designated Wild and 

Scenic Rogue River, there are numerous suitable wild and scenic waterways in the Wild Rogue River 

canyon. All are tributary to the Rogue and contribute important cold water to the mainstem that is critical 

for fish survival. The outstandingly remarkable values of the Lower Rogue (fish, recreation, historic, 

scenic, etc.) are dependent upon these tributary streams. They propose to add 93 miles to the Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system. This has been drafted into a plan and legislation called the Defazio Act or O&C 

Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act.

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM and 20 acres on the Corp of Engineers, no other Federal agency lands lie within this 

segment of the Rogue River. The majority of land ownership along this river consists primarily of private 

land holdings (86%). Current uses and common management practices would not be consistent with 

management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic River designation.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE or the Corp) manages 20 acres within the Rogue River 

segment. USACE’s mission is to provide vital public engineering services to strengthen our Nation's 

security, energize the economy, and reduce risks from disasters.

The USACE has conveyed interest in coordinating and cooperating with the BLM if planning proceeds 

with a suitability study. The Corps desires consistency in developing compatible land/resource use goals, 

to be good stewards and efficiently manage mutually-shared public resources. A proposal for W&SR 

designation that includes Corps lands would require thorough environmental and programmatic review by 

the Corps District and Project Offices. 

A Wild and Scenic River designation is likely consistent with some Corps goals but may not be 

compatible with others. Case in point: restoration of listed fish is a National goal that may be promoted by 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

135 | Page

such a designation. However, fisheries restoration projects, like construction of mandated fish passage or 

collection facilities, may not be compatible. The Corps would be unlikely to support designation that 

would unduly restrict or affect the primary missions of flood damage reduction, hydropower production, 

or fisheries management and, in some cases, irrigation responsibilities.

Lands below the Corps dams are maintained for a variety of purposes. In all cases these lands must 

remain available in order to rebuild the dams upon structural failure. This is part of the Corps justification 

for retaining them. Dams have life spans and eventually will be re-constructed. The Corps would need 

specifics from BLM regarding the effects that a W&SR designation would have on the Corps ability to 

accomplish routine operations, maintenance and special project needs such as major reconstruction.

Several miles upstream and downstream from BLM’s eligible segment, the Rogue-Siskiyou National 

Forest has designated two segments of the Rogue River under the National Wild and Scenic River system. 

The Upper Rogue Wild and Scenic River designation was enacted in the Omnibus Oregon Wild and 

Scenic River Act of 1988 and designated 40.3 miles of river on the Prospect Ranger District. It begins at 

the northern Forest Boundary, approximately one-half mile from the river's origin point within Crater 

Lake National Park, to the southern Forest Boundary near the town of Prospect. Outstandingly 

Remarkable Values (ORVs) include: scenic, cultural-historic, geologic-geohydrologic, water qualityquantity, and botanical resources.

It was classified into the following three segments:

Scenic River - 0.5 mile

Wild River - 5.9 miles

Scenic River - 33.9 miles

The lower Rogue River Wild and Scenic designation includes both BLM and USFS lands. It lies within 

the Hellgate Recreation Area, beginning 7 miles west of Grants Pass and ends 11 miles east of Gold 

Beach. The Classification and Mileage consists of:

• Hellgate Recreation Section - Applegate River to Grave Creek (BLM) - 27 miles

• Wild Section - Grave Creek to Mule Creek (BLM) - 19.5 miles

• Wild Section - Mule Creek to Watson Creek (USFS) - 12.9 miles

• Recreation Section - Watson Creek to Blue Jay Creek (USFS) - 10.5 miles

• Scenic Section - Blue Jay Creek to Slide Creek (USFS) - 7.5 miles

• Recreation Section - Slide Creek to Lobster Creek (USFS) - 6.6 miles

Rogue National Wild and Scenic River Total Length - 84 miles 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

136 | Page

Similarities of ORVs being protected upstream by the USFS (scenic, cultural-historic, geologicgeohydrologic, water quality-quantity, and botanical resources) are different than the ones identified in 

the BLM eligible segment downstream (fish and recreation).

The Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department (OPRD) has a mission to provide and protect 

outstanding natural, scenic, cultural, historic and recreational sites for the enjoyment and education of 

present and future generations. The State’s primary goals are to: 1) Protect the free-flowing character of 

designated rivers for fish, wildlife and recreation, 2) Protect and enhance scenic, aesthetic and natural 

values, recreation, scientific research, and fish and wildlife qualities, and 3) Protect private property 

rights. OPRD also manages the Oregon Scenic Waterways program (1970) which closely parallels the 

Federal W&SR program.

The ORPD manages 233 acres of land within the Rogue River corridor. The State has expressed a 

willingness to participate in the planning process of the Federal W&SR program. Federal designation 

could result in dual designation by the State as a State Scenic Waterway. Joint efforts would ensure 

consistent WSR management decisions and program development. The ORPD conducts a statewide 

assessment of outdoor recreation demand, needs, and trends every five 

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in November 2005 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Rogue River-Gold Hill Watershed South of Rogue River. Even 

without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water 

quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies 

to achieve this goal. Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets standards and 

avoiding future impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality 

standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

137 | Page

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

The Rogue River in southwestern Oregon in the United States flows about 215 miles in a generally 

westward direction from the Cascade Range to the Pacific Ocean. Known for its salmon runs, whitewater 

rafting, and rugged scenery, 84 miles of the Rogue River was one of the original eight rivers named in the 

Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968. Beginning near Crater Lake, which occupies the caldera left by the 

explosive volcanic eruption of Mount Mazama, the river flows through the geologically young High 

Cascades and the older Western Cascades, another volcanic province. Further west, the river passes 

through multiple exotic terrains of the more ancient Klamath Mountains. In the Kalmiopsis Wilderness 

section of the Rogue basin are some of the world's best examples of rocks that form the Earth's mantle. 

Near the mouth of the river, the only dinosaur fragments ever discovered in Oregon were found in the 

Otter Point Formation, along the coast of Curry County. Draining 5,156 square miles, the Rogue River

watershed covers parts of Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Douglas, and Klamath counties in southwestern 

Oregon and Siskiyou and Del Norte counties in northern California. 

About 60 percent of the basin is publicly owned and is managed by the United States Forest Service, the 

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation. Dam building and 

removal along the Rogue has generated controversy for more than a century; an early fish-blocking dam 

(Ament) was dynamited by vigilantes, mostly disgruntled salmon fishermen. By 2009 all but one of the 

main-stem dams downstream of a huge flood-control structure 157 miles from the river mouth had been 

removed. Aside from dams, threats to salmon include high water temperatures. Although sometimes too

warm for salmonids, the main stem Rogue is relatively clean, ranking between 85 and 97 (on a scale of 0 

to 100) on the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI). Although the Rogue Valley near Medford is partly 

urban, the average population density of the Rogue watershed is only about five people per square mile. 

Several historic bridges cross the river near the more populated areas. Many public parks, hiking trails, 

and campgrounds are near the river, which flows largely through forests, including national forests. 

Biodiversity in many parts of the basin is high; the Klamath-Siskiyou temperate coniferous forests, which 

extend into the southwestern Rogue basin, are among the four most diverse of this kind in the world.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

138 | Page

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development.

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study

Rogue River Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds the Rogue River to be

suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The BLM’s land management 

authorities can adequately protect the federal lands in the river corridor, however, BLM does not have the 

authority to manage or protect ORVs on private lands. Designation would provide a comprehensive 

framework for working with local governments to protect against land uses that are incompatible with 

ORVs.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

140 | Page

Sam’s Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 37. Sam’s Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Sam’s Creek

Segment Description: Headwaters of Sam’s Creek downstream to the confluence with the Rogue 

River

Total Segment Length: 8.00 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.47 miles

Total Segment Area: 2,418.46 acres

Area on BLM Land: 497.18 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Sam’s Creek segment was made during 

the BLMs 1990 Land use planning study. In order to facilitate a better 

understanding of the river values, this report includes a description of the 

fisheries ORV below.

Sam’s Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Of the nearly 100 streams in the Rogue River basin that support summer run Steelhead trout, Sams 

Creek is one of 6 streams that are responsible for approximately 25 percent of the annual smolt 

production. All of these streams are relatively small and flow through mixed agricultural and harvested 

forest land directly into the Rogue River. All become dry (or nearly so) during summer months. (from 

Eligibility Report). Sam’s Creek is considered by ODFW a Class 1 summer steelhead stream, the highest 

ranking despite the fact that summer temperatures that are unsuitable for juvenile rearing.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Recreation : There are no developed recreation sites in the corridor area. Dispersed recreational use that 

may occur in the area includes hunting, fishing, mushroom picking, and mining. Common recreation 

values in this area are considered less than remarkable.

Setting: Sam’s Creek Access and Development: Along the 8 mile Sam’s Creek, approximately 10 bridges 

or creek crossings traverse the creek. Legal public access to the creek is only available from adjacent 

forest roads where federal lands border the creek. Otherwise, access may not be legal due to private land

ownership. Sam’s Valley is the only unincorporated community within a quarter mile of the creek’s 

corridor. The predominate features and uses of the landscape are forest management practices on the 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

141 | Page

north. The ROS setting is Roaded Natural. The landscape is generally natural with modifications 

moderately evident. Concentration of users is low to moderate. A network of gravel roadways meander 

throughout the hillsides from past timber harvests. On the southern end agricultural uses and rural 

residential settings dominate the creek corridor and adjacent viewshed. This setting is Rural even though 

developments are light. There are no developed recreation sites, industrial or business influences within 

the corridor. Gold Hill and Interstate 5 are less than four miles to the southwest. The creek segment is free 

flowing.

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 8 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM) and private land (Table 38).

The BLM manages 1.47 miles (18.4 percent) of shoreline. Three BLM parcels cross to both sides of the 

river while two have no contact with the riverbed. There are five total BLM parcels along the creek’s 

corridor. BLM manages 497 acres (20.6 percent) within the river study corridor.

Table 38. Land ownership within the Sam’s Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 497.18 20.6%

Private 1,921.28 79.4%

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 16 water rights and 22 points of diversion on the 

Sam’s Creek from the headwaters downstream to the Rogue River. Run date is June 1. Table 39 below 

shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact that one water right may 

have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result in double counting the 

rights.

Table 39. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Temperature Control 1 1 2.9

Surface Water

Domestic 1 1 0.01

Irrigation 12 16 2.475

Livestock 1 1 0

Mining 1 1 15

Supporting Aquatic Life and 

Minimizing Pollution 11 1

Temperature Control 1 1 1

Totals 22.385 0

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

142 | Page

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would increase.

Designation of the river segment would coincide with the low intensity of recreational management 

already occurring in the area. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by helping to 

preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be 

protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. Designation 

would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated. Through less funding and direct management focus on critical values. 

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

143 | Page

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Sam’s Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM would 

be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

144 | Page

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor: 

• Exclusive Farm Use (55%)

• Forest Resource (24%)

• Woodland Resource (22%)

• Open Space Reserve (>1%)

The southern end is primarily Exclusive Farm Use while the northern end is dominated by the two Forest 

Resource zones. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use district is intended to conserve agricultural land and implements 

the Oregon Agricultural Land Use Policy. 

The purpose of Forest Resource and Woodland Resource districts are intended to conserve forest lands. 

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

145 | Page

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to Sam’s Creek during this multi-phased outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

146 | Page

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

Besides BLM, no other State or Federal agency lands are near this river. The majority of land ownership 

along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (79.4%). Current uses and common 

management practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic 

River designation. 

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in February 2011 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management which covers the Gold Hill-Rogue River Watershed North, including Sam’s Creek.

Even without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with 

water quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation 

strategies to achieve this goal. Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

147 | Page

standards and avoiding future impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet 

water quality standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the Sam’s Creek watershed nor have there been 

any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of Sam’s Creek or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 

Sam’s Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds Sam’s Creek to be 

non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.5 of the total 8 miles of stream in this segment. The 

BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of this segment 

difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists within the 

river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would not be the 

best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality, and outstandingly 

remarkable values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

149 | Page

South Fork Little Butte Creek Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 40. South Fork Little Butte Creek Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: South Fork Little Butte Creek

Segment Description: Eastern Medford District Boundary downstream to the confluence with 

North Fork Little Butte Creek

Total Segment Length: 24.51 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.38 miles

Total Segment Area: 7,453.21 acres

Area on BLM Land: 451.50 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the South Fork Little Butte Creek segment 

was made during the BLM’s 1990 land use planning study. In order to 

facilitate a better understanding of the river values, this report includes a 

description of the Fish ORV.

South Fork Little Butte Creek Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System. 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: Little Butte Creek is known to be one of the best salmon producing tributaries of the Rogue River, 

and is also one of only a few streams in the Upper Rogue watershed to support salmon populations. The 

most common anadromous fish inhabiting the creek include chinook salmon, coho salmon, and sea-run 

cutthroat trout. Coho salmon are federally listed as a threatened species, and are known to spawn in Little 

Butte Creek. An estimated 35,131 Coho salmon lived in the creek in 2002. Resident fish include cutthroat 

trout, sculpins, rainbow trout, and brook trout. Despite being moderately polluted, the creek is one of the 

best salmon-producing tributaries of the Rogue River. 

The coho salmon population in the Key Watershed is depressed due to loss of habitat and poor water 

quality (USDI and USDA 1997:44). South Fork Little Butte Creek is one of the primary rearing areas 

within the range of this depressed population of coho salmon.

There are three native anadromous salmonids that spawn and rear in the Lower Little Butte Creek 

Analysis Area: coho salmon, chinook salmon (spring and fall runs), and steelhead trout (summer and 

winter runs). Although the BLM manages almost 25 percent of the land within the plan area, only six 

percent of the anadromous salmonid habitat crosses BLM-administered land.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

150 | Page

In spite of the extensive habitat modification and degradation that has occurred in Little Butte Creek, it 

still remains one of the most productive salmonid producing streams in the upper Rogue River basin.

Annual smolt trapping efforts performed jointly between the BLM, U.S. Forest Service, and Oregon 

Department of Fish and Wildlife between 1999 and 2004 on select streams in the Rogue River basin have 

shown that among all surveyed streams, Little Butte Creek produced the highest densities of outmigrating smolts and fry (coho, chinook, and steelhead) 

Coho and chinook salmon migrate upstream each year; however, several dams hinder their progress. A 

fish ladder was built in 2005 to help fish swim past a dam constructed in Eagle Point in the 1880s, but 

was destroyed by flooding just three months later. It was rebuilt in 2008. Restoration of a 1.3-mile 

artificially straightened section of the creek in the Denman Wildlife Area (downstream from this segment) 

was completed in 2011. 

Other River Values and Characteristics

Setting: South Fork Little Butte Creek Access and Development: Along the 24.5 mile South Fork Little 

Butte Creek, ten bridges or creek crossings traverse the river. Roads distributed along the creek corridor 

provide vehicle access to managed forestlands, residences, and recreational areas. Public access to the 

creek is legal from public lands, but may be restricted on private lands. There are no communities along 

the creek’s corridor. The predominate features and uses of the landscape are light agricultural 

developments in a rural setting and forest management practices on forest lands. Development is light as 

there are less than a dozen streamside residences. Camp Latgawa is a United Methodist Retreat Center 

which serves the needs for meetings, family gatherings, outdoor school programs, or other non-profit 

purposes.

The setting is Roaded Natural to Rural. In the Roaded Natural area, the landscape is generally natural 

with modifications moderately evident and concentration of users is low to moderate. In the Rural setting, 

the area is characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. Opportunities to affiliate with 

others are prevalent. The convenience of recreation sites and opportunities are more important than a 

natural landscape or setting. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and the concentration of users 

is often moderate to high. Developed sites, roads, and trails are designed for moderate to high uses. The 

primary access road: So. Fork Little Butte Cr. road is paved up to the boundary of the Rogue National 

Forest. There are no major agricultural, residential, recreation or business developments noted in the area. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 24.5 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), private, and USFS lands

(Table 41). The BLM manages 1.38 miles (5.6 percent) of shoreline within the corridor. Two BLM 

parcels cross the river to both sides. Two parcels have no contact with the shoreline. There are four total 

BLM parcels within the river corridor. BLM manages 451.5 acres (6.1 percent) within the river corridor.

Table 41. Land ownership within the South Fork Little Butte Creek corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 451.50 6.1%

Private 3,182.94 42.7%

USFS 3,818.76 51.2%
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

151 | Page

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 95 water rights and 106 points of diversion on the 

24.5-mile South Fork Little Butte Creek from S. Fork Little Butte Cr to Little Butte Creek. Run date is 

June 1. Table 42 below shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact 

that one water right may have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result

in double counting the rights.

Table 42. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Irrigation 1 1 0.03

Storage

Fire Protection 1 1 0 5

Frost Protection 1 1 0 16.1

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 1 1 0 0

Storage 5 5 0 9,227.375

Temperature Control 7 7 0 25.85

Surface Water

Anadromous and Resident Fish 

Rearing 3 3 140

Domestic 3 3 0.065

Domestic and Livestock 1 1 0.01

Domestic Expanded 2 3 0.0099

Domestic Including Lawn and

Garden 2 2 0.01

Fish Culture 1 1 0.051

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 1 1 0.14125

Instream Uses 1 1 0.05

Irrigation 37 38 60.01325

Irrigation And Domestic 3 3 0.61

Livestock 1 1 0.275

Municipal Uses 6 6 0.65565 0

Pond Maintenance 1 1 0.051

Power Development 1 1 0

Recreation 1 1 0.051

Supporting Aquatic Life and 

Minimizing Pollution 1 1 30

Temperature Control 19 21 44.65960 4

Wildlife 1 1 0.051

Totals 276.73365 9,278.325

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

152 | Page

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values)

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing condition and protect the identified 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would increase.

Designation of the river segment would coincide with the low intensity of recreational management 

already proposed for the area. Planning for recreation sites and facilities would complement designation 

and would ensure the continued availability of recreation opportunities occurring in this river segment, 

including hunting and dispersed camping. Designation would enhance fish and wildlife populations by 

helping to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue 

to be protected under the Endangered Species Act and further enhanced by the National System. 

Designation would complement the goals and objectives of the local water conservation district.

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there is no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) application for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water right status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated. Through less funding and direct management focus on critical values. 

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration.

The scenic and wildlife values along this segment likely would not be diminished or foreclosed if the 

segment was not designated. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer 

of protection for these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives 

WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

153 | Page

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the South Fork Little Butte Creek segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, 

the USFS would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress 

designated another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.

Criteria6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

BLM would not pursue land acquisition from willing sellers within the river corridor. Because the 

majority of the land within the segment is privately owned, it would be difficult for the BLM to acquire 

enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No cost analysis or estimate was 

prepared as a part of this study. 

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

154 | Page

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Jackson County has designated the following land use zones along the river corridor: 

• Forest Resource (51%)

• Exclusive Farm Use (42%)

• Woodland Resource (6%)

• Open Space Reserve (>1%)

The western end has more Exclusive Farm Use districts while the eastern end is dominated by Forest 

Resource zones. Other smaller zones are intermittently scattered along the center of the river corridor. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use district is intended to conserve agricultural land and implements 

the Oregon Agricultural Land Use Policy. 

The purpose of Forest Resource and Woodland Resource districts are intended to conserve forest lands. 

Additional zoning definitions: http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Files/Chapter%205.pdf

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are:

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

155 | Page

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM did not receive any comments specific to South Fork Little Butte Creek during this multiphased outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

156 | Page

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The South Fork Little Butte Creek originates on the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest and runs 

downstream through private and BLM lands. The Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest did not study 

their segment of the River for eligibility in the Wild and Scenic River system. The BLM determined that a 

24.4 mile segment is eligible, including a majority of the segment on USFS lands. With BLM’s finding of

eligibility, the FS indicates that they may study the river for eligibility at a later date. Agencies would 

collaborate in the process. The Forest Service feels that the potential future designation should not deter 

from its plans, programs, and policies in meeting regional objectives, as they would be involved in 

the planning process. The Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management follow management 

prescriptions of the Northwest Forest Plan. Management actions should be consistent. 

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

157 | Page

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in May 2006 by the Medford District Bureau of Land 

Management which covers the South Fork Little Butte Creek Watershed. Even without designation as a 

W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 

303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal. 

Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future 

impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality standards.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ. 

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in May 2006 by the Medford District Bureau of Land 

Management which covered the North and South Forks Little Butte Creek Key Watershed. Even without 

designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality 

standards for the 303(d) listed streams in the North and South Forks Little Butte Creek Key Watershed. 

The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal. Recovery goals focus on protecting 

areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future impairments of these areas, and restoring 

areas that do not currently meet water quality standards.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There are no designated Wild and Scenic Rivers within the South Fork Little Butte Creek watershed nor 

have there been any legislative proposals for additional federal protection of South Fork Little Butte 

Creek or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development.

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

158 | Page

South Fork Little Butte Creek Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds South Fork Little Butte 

Creek to be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of 

this segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. First, the BLM-managed 

portions of the segment are fragmented. The BLM manages 1.3 of the total 24.5 miles of stream in this 

segment. The BLM does not control uses or activities on private lands, making effective management of 

this segment difficult. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses 

exists within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation 

would not be the best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality, and 

outstandingly remarkable values.





Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

164 | Page

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area. 

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands. 

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the West Fork Illinois River segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the 

BLM would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress 

designated another agency. 

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

Acquiring private lands adjacent to this segment are not necessary under current private land ownership 

and management. If private ownership or management practices were changed to the detriment of the 

ORVs, acquisition of lands could become necessary.

The fish and wildlife values are covered by special management practices pursuant to other federal 

statutes. The cost of administering this area pursuant to the WSRA is likely to be similar to the cost a 

administering these other management practices already in place. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

165 | Page

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordinating with the Oregon State Parks division and the Oregon State Marine Board would assure 

compliance with State regulations for access, use and management of any future designated river. In 

addition, cooperative efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study 

of eligible rivers and the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation.

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

Josephine County has designated the following land use zones: 

• Forest (66%)

• Residential (21%)

• Agriculture (6%)

• Serpentine (3%)

• Rural Commercial (2%)

• Industrial 2%

The Forest Commercial and Woodlot Resource Zones are intended to implement the Goals and Policies 

of the Josephine County Comprehensive Plan by conserving and protecting lands for forest uses. The 

Forest Zones are designed to provide a classification for commercial forest lands in private ownerships 

and for public lands administered by forest management agencies, encourage the management of 

commercial forest lands as a stable timber base, and to conserve natural resources by reducing hazards.

The State of Oregon regulates actions on many resources on private lands. Included are: 

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Oregon requires that any mineral exploration that 

disturbs more than one surface acre or involves drilling to greater than 50 feet must obtain an exploration 

permit from the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Mining operations involving 

5,000 or more cubic yards of material per year or disturbing one or more acres of land also requires an 

operating permit.

Oregon State Water Resources Department. ORPD's mission is to serve the public by promoting 

responsible water management. Goals are to directly address Oregon's water supply needs and to restore 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

166 | Page

and protect stream flows and watersheds to ensure long-term sustainability of Oregon's ecosystems, 

economy, and quality of life. ORPD is charged with carrying out the water management policies and rules 

and overseeing the enforcement of Oregon's water laws.

The federal government cannot manage or regulate private lands within designated wild, scenic, or 

recreational river corridor and has no zoning authority over these lands under the Act. The federal 

government’s authority to influence private land management practices could be through land acquisition 

or exchange, or development of a cooperative agreement to achieve common goals. 

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) has a mandate to identify and clarify public and 

private-sector outdoor recreation roles throughout the state. SCORP 2008-2012 p 236 Besides providing 

recommendations to the Oregon State Park System for its own operations, administration, planning, 

development, and recreation programs, it also provides guidance for the Local Grant, County Opportunity 

Grant, Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs. These programs extent onto private and 

public lands. The plan provides guidance for the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program 

and information and recommendations to guide federal, state, and local units of government, as well as 

the private sector, in making policy and planning decisions. These programs have objectives and goals to 

preserve and protect natural, cultural or historic resources owned or managed by the state on private 

lands, or through cooperative agreements with private landowners. 

The State of Oregon has established water quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the 

state. These standards are provided to protect the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in 

the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 41 of the Department of Environmental Quality 

(DEQ). Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal drinking water; 

irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and resident fish and 

aquatic life.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

167 | Page

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas. The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants 

throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 river specific comments via an online survey.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The BLM received 6 comments specific to the West Fork Illinois River, all in general support of Wild 

and Scenic River designation during this multi-phased outreach effort.

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability; however, they do not 

support most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act, which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut, and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. This Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of Federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The West Fork Illinois River originates on the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest and runs 

downstream intermittently through private and BLM lands. The Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest 

did not study their segment of the River for eligibility in the Wild and Scenic River system. The BLM 

determined that a 17 mile segment is eligible, including a few miles of the segment on USFS lands. With 

BLMs finding of eligibility, the FS indicates that they may study the river for eligibility at a later date. 

Downstream from the West Fork Illinois River, the Rogue-Siskiyou National Forest manages the Illinois 

Wild and Scenic River. In 1984 Congress designated 50.4 miles as one of the most remote and 

inaccessible stretches of whitewater in the lower 48 States. (National Forest boundary to the Wild & 

Scenic Rogue River). 

WSR Classifications include:

• Scenic—17.9 miles (Nat’l. Forest boundary to Briggs Ck.)
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

168 | Page

• Wild—28.7 miles (Briggs Creek to Nancy Creek)

• Recreational—3.8 miles (Nancy Creek to Rogue River)

Outstandingly Remarkable Values include: 

• Water Quality

• Fisheries, Scenic

• Botanical

• Recreation.

Besides BLM and USFS, no other agency lands lie within the river corridor. The majority of land 

ownership along this river consists primarily of private land holdings. (66.4%) Current uses and private 

management practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic 

River designation due to the development and uses identified in Question 1. 

Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA, as part of the President’s “UNITED WE SERVE” Initiative 

has developed a program called: Adopt Your Watershed. It provides a toolkit for groups to serve their 

communities by taking part in activities to protect and restore local watersheds. 

http://water.epa.gov/action/adopt/index.cfm.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated 

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM 

will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and 

the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in February 2007 by the Medford District Bureau of 

Land Management, which covers the West Fork Illinois River Watershed. Even without designation as a 

W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 

303(d) listed streams in this area. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws.

Specifically, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water 

pollution. Passed in 1972, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

169 | Page

substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that surface waters 

would meet standards necessary for human sports and recreation by 1983. Adjacent landowners and 

communities have formed watershed councils. The general mission of each is similar by fostering and 

supporting the protection and enhancement of water quality for the local watershed, including 

enhancement of flora and fauna resources. Section 303(d) of the 1972 federal CWA requires states to 

develop a list of rivers, streams, and lakes that cannot meet water quality standards without application of 

additional pollution controls beyond the existing requirements on industrial sources and sewage treatment 

plants. Waters that need this additional help are referred to as "water quality limited". These water bodies 

must be identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or by a delegated state agency. In 

Oregon, this responsibility rests with the DEQ.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

The Illinois River is a tributary, about 56 miles long, of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It 

drains part of the Klamath Mountains in northern California and southwestern Oregon. The river's main 

stem begins at the confluence of its east and west forks near Cave Junction in southern Josephine County. 

Its drainage basin includes Sucker Creek, which rises in the Red Buttes Wilderness, near Whiskey Peak 

on the California state line. The main stem flows generally northwest in a winding course past Kerby and 

through the Siskiyou National Forest and Kalmiopsis Wilderness. It joins the Rogue River from the south 

at Agness on the Curry–Josephine county line, 27 miles from the Pacific Ocean. The river's lower 50.4 

miles, from where it enters the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest downstream from Kerby to its 

confluence with the Rogue River, were designated Wild and Scenic in 1984. Of this, 28.7 miles is 

protected as wild, 17.9 miles as scenic, and 3.8 miles as recreational.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for significant water development in the segment were identified during this study. 

West Fork Illinois River Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Medford District finds portions of the West 

Fork Illinois River to be suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The 

portion that is found suitable is approximately four miles from the southern BLM boundary of section 9 

(T41S R9W) north to the edge of the USFS boundary in section 27 (T40S, R9W). This section has 

generally contiguous federal ownership, less a small segment just north of section 9. The area to the south 

of section 9 is private land with developments adjacent to the river. The area to the north of the forest 

boundary is generally private land with increasing development as the river travels north. There are only 

two areas of federal ownership that the river passes through outside of the forest boundary. One is the 

Rough and Ready ACEC, which already provides a level of protection for the river corridor. The other 

area is a small parcel of BLM land adjacent to Highway 199. The river then travels north to more 

developed areas just outside of the town of Cave Junction. That entire segment was not found suitable. 

The BLM’s land management authorities can adequately protect the federal lands in the river corridor, 

however, BLM does not have the authority to manage or protect ORVs on private lands. The State of 

Oregon may, in the case of many resources. Designation would provide a comprehensive framework for 

working with local governments to protect against land uses that are incompatible with ORVs.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

171 | Page

Section 3: Roseburg District Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Reports 

South Umpqua River Wild and Scenic River Suitability 

Determination 

Table 46. South Umpqua River Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: South Umpqua

Segment Description: Tiller to confluence with North Umpqua River

Total Segment Length: 75.21 miles

Length on BLM Land: 1.35 miles 

Total Segment Area: 23,564.21 acres

Area on BLM Land: 601.49 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs): Fish and Wildlife, Historical, Cultural

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Umpqua River was made during the 

BLMs 1990 land use planning study. In order to facilitate a better 

understanding of river values, this report includes a description of the three 

ORVs for the South Umpqua River and are described in Question #1.

South Umpqua River Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

The South Umpqua River is a tributary of the Umpqua River, approximately 115 miles long. It drains part 

of the Cascade Range east of Roseburg. The river passes through a remote canyon in its upper reaches 

then emerges in the populated South Umpqua Valley east of Canyonville. It rises in the high Cascades 

north of Fish Mountain, formed by the confluence of two short forks in eastern Douglas County 

approximately 20 miles northwest of Crater Lake. It flows generally southwest through a remote canyon 

in the Umpqua National Forest to Tiller, then west past Milo and Days Creek. It emerges into the South 

Umpqua Valley at Canyonville, passing under Interstate 5 and flowing north along the highway past TriCity, Myrtle Creek, and Roseburg. It joins the North Umpqua from the south to form the Umpqua 

approximately 6 miles northwest of Roseburg. It receives Cow Creek from the south approximately 5

miles southwest of Tri-City.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

172 | Page

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fish: The South Umpqua River historically supported healthy populations of resident and anadromous 

salmonid fish. Excellent fishing opportunities for resident trout and anadromous salmon and trout 

historically existed within the South Umpqua River. Winter steelhead and resident rainbow trout, fall and 

spring Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, sea-run and resident cutthroat trout and small-mouth and largemouth bass have been documented using the South Umpqua watershed. Over the last 150 years, 

salmonids have had to survive dramatic changes in the environment. 

Streams and rivers in the Pacific Northwest have been altered by European settlement, urban and 

industrial development, and land management practices. Modifications in the landscape and waters of the 

South Umpqua River Basin, beginning with the first settlers, have made the South Umpqua River less 

habitable for salmonid species. However, these species survived in spite of the naturally low stream flows 

and warm water temperatures that occurred historically within the South Umpqua River Basin. According 

to a 1991 report of the South Umpqua River, one salmonid stock is considered extinct, two salmonid 

stocks are at-risk of extinction, and two stocks were not considered at-risk.

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) designated the Oregon Coast coho salmon Evolutionary 

Significant Unit as a threatened species (Federal Register, Vol. 63, No. 153/Monday, August 10, 

1998/Rules and Regulations. Additionally, the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 

Act of 1996 (Federal Register 2002) designated Essential Fish Habitat for fish species of commercial 

importance. Essential Fish Habitat consists of streams and habitat currently or historically accessible to 

Oregon Coast Chinook and Oregon Coast coho salmon, and is coincident with critical habitat designated 

for Oregon Coast coho salmon.

The Umpqua River cutthroat trout was listed in 1996 by NMFS as an Endangered species under the 

Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The Umpqua River cutthroat trout was previously listed as 

endangered (61 FR 41414, August 9, 1996) and NMFS delisted the species on April 19, 2000, with 

concurrence from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register, Vol. 65, Number 81/Wednesday, 

April 26, 2000). The Pacific lamprey and the Umpqua chub are on the United States Fish and Wildlife 

Service (USFWS) list as Species of Concern and are considered to be Bureau Sensitive Species by the 

BLM (Manual 6840). These species have been documented as occurring in the South Umpqua River.

Most fish occur in the larger (third order or larger in size) and low gradient (less than two percent 

gradient) stream reaches. Anadromous fish use the lower gradient stream reaches for spawning and/or 

rearing. The low gradient stream reaches are also where the most of the agricultural lands are located.

Livestock grazing and water withdrawals are prevalent and instream, complex fish habitat is limited. Fish 

distribution and populations are assumed to be at lower levels than prior to European settlement based on 

current habitat conditions. The Oregon State Parks publication “Recreation Values for Oregon Rivers” 

classifies the South Umpqua as outstanding for fishery related recreation.

Wildlife: Many wildlife species live in the different vegetation types present in the South Umpqua river 

corridor. The various vegetation types provide shelter, food, and habitat to many terrestrial vertebrate 

species and invertebrate species. The Northern spotted owl (NSO), American bald eagle, marbled 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

173 | Page

murrelet (west of Interstate 5 and on timbered private lands), Roosevelt elk and Columbia white-tailed 

deer are some of the larger known species to occur along the South Umpqua. In 2012, a Critical Habitat 

unit for the Northern Spotted Owl was designated within the river corridor. The overall wildlife value of 

this river segment is outstandingly remarkable.

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Oregon Conservation Strategy has specifically listed key 

species along the South Umpqua. Some of these include the great-gray owl, northern goshawk, American 

marten, fisher, Northwestern pond turtles and larch mountain salamanders. The South Umpqua was also 

identified as an Oregon Biodiversity Conservation Opportunity Area.

Cultural: Over 50 pre-contact sites have been documented within the South Umpqua River corridor, 

though only one is located on BLM lands. The BLM-managed site is located east of Tiller and remains 

unevaluated. Many of the sites, while National Register eligible, are located on private land. Present-day 

Roseburg was also once the location on an Indian village. The outstandingly remarkable cultural values 

on the South Umpqua River are present, but are not on BLM land.

Historic: Several bands of Indians lived in the Umpqua River valley at the time of first contract between 

indigenous populations and Euro-Americans including the Siuslawan, or Penutian-speaking Lower 

Umpqua people in the area from present-day Scottsburg/Wells Creek to the coast; the Yoncalla-speaking 

Kalapuyan people (related to the Kalapuya people in the Willamette Valley) in the north part of the 

watershed; Athabaskan-speaking Umpqua, or Upper Umpqua people in the lower reaches of the north and 

south Umpqua basin; Molallan, or Penutian-speaking Southern Molalla Indians in the upper areas near the 

western Cascades; and the Takelman-speaking Cow Creek Band of Umpqua in the South Umpqua River 

drainage. 

The 1800s marked the arrival of fur trappers and settlers into the South Umpqua River Valley. 

Exploration of the Umpqua Valley by fur trappers from the Hudson’s Bay Company began around 

1820. Settlers transformed the life and countryside of the area and began shaping it into its current 

condition. Lindsay Applegate surveyed the area in 1846 searching for a new route that emigrants 

from the south could use to reach the Willamette Valley. The discovery of gold brought miners to 

southern Oregon by 1851. A ferry operated at Days Creek in the late 1800s, until a bridge was 

constructed over the South Umpqua River. The first sawmill opened around 1853. In 1873, Pickett 

and Wilson opened two saw mills on Canyon Creek; one produced 300,000 board feet and the other 

200,000 board feet of lumber annually.

The Oregon and California railroad reached Roseburg in 1872, providing transportation of goods and 

people to the north. Ten years later, in 1882, railroad construction was completed to the community 

of Riddle. By 1889, completion of a rail line south of Riddle through the Cow Creek canyon allowed 

access to markets in southern Oregon and California. The introduction of rail service allowed 

agriculture to have more influence on the local economy. In 1905, Duncan and Ross established a 

mill in Canyonville producing 283,000 board feet annually. Another sawmill was operated by Mr. 

Bailey upstream from the town of Days Creek. Abundant amounts of fir, cedar, and sugar pine grew 

along the creeks providing for a rich timber economy.State officials approved construction of the 

Pacific Highway in 1915, which improved the Oregon-California Stage line road from Portland to 

Sacramento. By 1924, the Pacific Highway was paved through Douglas County, allowing allweather travel. After World War II, timber production became the major influence on the landscape 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

174 | Page

in the South Umpqua Watershed. The increased demand for lumber to build houses and the 

construction of Interstate 5 through Douglas County in the 1950s facilitated a marked increase in 

timber harvesting. During this period, the BLM, Forest Service, and private timber companies built 

many roads into their timbered lands. 

At least eleven National register sites are located in the towns of Roseburg, Myrtle Creek, and 

Canyonville. Although some of them may be outside the corridor, several are definitely within the 

corridor. These include the Mill-Pine district, the Parrott House, and the Flowed House. Because of the 

rich historic values of the river corridor, the area is considered outstandingly remarkable; however, none 

of these sites are located on BLM land.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Scenic: The South Umpqua River flows through a narrow U-shaped canyon in its upper reaches 

which widen out into broad U-shaped and flat valleys east of Canyonville. It enters a canyon again at 

Canyonville which again broadens out to a system of alternating broad valleys and U-shaped 

canyons until it reaches its confluence with the North Umpqua. Almost the entire river is paralleled 

by either Interstate 5, Highway 99 or the South Umpqua Highway. There is one covered bridge along 

the South Umpqua Highway at Milo that adds to the charm of the corridor. Although, the river and 

canyon is scenic and very pleasant to view, the scenic qualities are not outstanding.

Recreation: Most of the recreational use along the South Umpqua is angling, most likely used by locals 

with few visitors from outside of Douglas County. Other opportunities include swimming and 

recreational gold mining. Recreation use is relatively light however a marked increase in mining has 

occurred over the last few years. There are no developed recreation sites on BLM-administered lands and 

there are no specially designated Recreation Management Areas along the river corridor. The Douglas 

County Parks Department has a handful of developed parks and waysides along the river. Recreation 

values are considered to be less than outstandingly remarkable. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 75.21 mile segment is a combination of federal (BLM), Bureau of Indian Affairs, 

private, and USFS lands (Table 47). BLM manages 1.35 miles (1.8 percent) of shoreline along the 

segment. Four parcels cross the riverbed for management on both sides. An additional ten BLM parcels in 

the corridor do not contact the riverbed. All of the parcels lie on the eastern third of the river between 

Myrtle Creek and Tiller. There are 14 BLM parcels total. BLM manages 601.49 acres (2.6 percent) within 

the river corridor.

Table 47. Land ownership within the South Umpqua River corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 601.49 2.6%

Bureau of Indian Affairs 117.93 0.50%

Private 22831.49 96.8%

USFS 13.30 0.05%
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

175 | Page

The dominant human uses in the watershed area have been timber production, transportation, 

agriculture, recreation, and service-related activities. The most recent economic development 

within the corridor is the Seven Feathers Casino and Resort. There are no treaty rights on BLMadministered land in the watershed, although, individual tribal members of the Cow Creek Band 

of Indians may use the area. Much of the land along the South Umpqua River is used for 

agricultural and livestock purposes. In the agricultural areas, many tributaries of the South 

Umpqua River have been straightened or had their flow patterns altered. Most of the native 

vegetation has been replaced with low growing vegetation, which are generally grasses. Riparian 

areas may have deciduous trees along the stream banks. 

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 746 water rights and 1,115 points of diversion on

the 75 mile South Umpqua River segment from Tiller to confluence with North Umpqua River. Run date 

is June 1. Table 48 below shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact 

that one water right may have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result

in double counting the rights.

Table 48. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water

Irrigation 16 16 2.8584

Primary and Supplemental 

Irrigation 1 2 0.29

Storage

Aesthetics 1 1 0.54

Fire Protection 3 4 0 2.64

Fish Culture 2 2 0 56.62

Forest Management 1 1 0 3.6

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 7 15 0 511.7

Irrigation and Domestic 1 10 0 4.4914

Livestock 15 42 0 19.1988

Multiple Purpose 5 6 14.11

Pollution Abatement 4 5 0 1.432

Recreation 6 7 0 2.572

Storage 6 9 0 443.894

Wildlife 9 26 0 24.744

Surface Water

Anadromous and Resident Fish 

Habitat 1 1 168

Commercial Uses 3 3 0.078

Domestic 54 57 1.9869 0

Domestic Expanded 12 15 0.1372 0

Domestic Including Lawn and 

Garden 11 11 0.16

Fire Protection 3 3 0.16
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

176 | Page

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Fish Culture 1 1 0.25

Human Consumption 5 5 0.022

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 20 21 15.78

Irrigation 573 686 113.4258 699.38

Irrigation and Domestic 7 7 0.362

Irrigation, Livestock and Domestic 1 2 0

Livestock 28 50 1.045 0.3

Municipal Uses 11 11 13.63

Pond Maintenance 2 3 1.544

Primary and Supplemental 

Irrigation 5 69 1.974

Quasi-Municipal Uses 4 6 1.874 365

Recreation 1 1 0

Storage 1 1 0 199

Supporting Aquatic Life 6 6 975

Wildlife 2 3 0.2

Totals 1,298.7773 2,349.2222

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

There are 14 segments between Tiller and Roseburg that consist of State lands open to suction dredging.

DEQ and Oregon State Lands dredging permits are valid on the South Umpqua with a two month season 

between July 1 and August 31. Gold mining activities are steadily increasing with a long history of gold 

mining in this area.

Access and Development: Along the 75 mile South Umpqua River, 28 transportation bridges and one 

railroad bridge cross the river. Most bridges span the full river width, but some may have support piers 

within the river channel. Public access to the river occurs where Federal, State or County lands span the 

river bed. Otherwise, legal access may be deterred by private or industrial ownership. Paved, public roads 

are maintained by Federal (Interstate 5), State, Douglas County and the BLM. Communities along the 

river study area include: Tiller, Milo, Canyonville, Tri-City, Myrtle Creek, Winston, Green and Roseburg.

A large number of agricultural, transportation, residential and business developments lie within the river 

corridor. These human influences and alterations are readily seen from the river.

The corridor is predominantly rural interface with some urban developments within city limits. The area 

is characterized by a substantially modified natural environment. Opportunities to affiliate with others are 

prevalent. The convenience of recreation sites and opportunities are more important than a natural 

landscape or setting. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and the concentration of users in 

certain areas is often moderate to high. Developed sites, roads, and trails are designed for moderate to 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

177 | Page

high uses within the urban areas. Very few developments occur east of Canyonville. For most of its 

length, the corridor is dotted with private residences, farms and cleared lands for crops and livestock. 

There is one private airstrip within the study corridor. Dispersed, undeveloped day-use sites can be seen 

along the river’s edge. The river is adjacent to lands under active forest management including private 

timber companies and BLM lands. The river segment is free flowing with the exception of support piers 

under bridges. 

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values):

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing conditions and to protect the 

identified Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would 

increase.

Scenic qualities would be enhanced as more restrictive timber harvesting practices on federal land would 

be implemented. Construction projects occurring within the corridor would have more restrictive 

measures in place to protect visual quality. With designation, the BLM system to protect visual quality 

(Visual Resource Management) would be at a higher management class thereby requiring projects to meet 

higher standards of form, line, color and texture.

Fish and wildlife populations would be enhanced by helping to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and 

Northern spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be protected and enhanced under the 

Endangered Species Act and WSR designation. Designation would complement certain goals and 

objectives of the two local water conservation districts.

Cultural and historic values would not change by either designation or non-designation since these values 

are already protected by other federal and state laws that are not dependent upon WSR designation (see 

question criteria 9 for these laws).

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation:

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there are no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) applications for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water rights status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

178 | Page

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area.

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Designation would limit the types of road maintenance activities that occur on BLM-administered land 

that may have a direct and adverse impact on in-channel conditions. It is expected that river designation 

would lead to more stringent road, design and maintenance requirements. 

Projects such as forest management, discretionary ROW approvals and recreation development on BLMadministered land could be limited or foreclosed if the projects degrade river values (ORV’s, free 

flowing, water quality).

In-channel projects on private land that have direct federal involvement (such permitting or funding) 

would require evaluation under the “direct and adverse” standard of WSRA section 7. Projects such as 

bank stabilization, bridge replacement or utility construction could be limited or foreclosed based on this 

evaluation.

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated. There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development 

including dams or impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and 

exploration. Other management requirements and tools (discussed in #9) provide a layer of protection for 

these values. These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives WSR designation 

by Congress.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the South Umpqua river segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM 

would be most suited to manage the land and resources within this boundary, unless Congress designated 

another agency.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

179 | Page

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time it is not expected that state or local agencies would share in the costs of river administration.

Criteria 6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

Administrative Costs: It is not expected that Wild and Scenic River designation would substantially 

increase management costs in this river corridor due to the present costs of complying with existing 

federal laws and policies. Potential management activities associated specifically with WSR management 

could include water quality sampling, targeted monitoring activities and preparation of section 7 

determinations for in-channel projects. No detailed cost analysis or estimate was prepared as part of this 

study. There is likely to be some increased cost of administering the area if designated. Currently, there 

are limited recreation facilities designed to meet the needs of users. Additional infrastructure and 

maintenance resources could potentially be required to accommodate the increased visitation that would 

likely result from designation. Facilities that may be required on BLM lands include boat ramps, 

campgrounds, interpretation sites, trail heads, and trails.

Land Acquisition: At this time, it is not expected that the BLM would pursue land acquisition from 

willing sellers. Because the majority of the land within the segment corridor is privately owned, it would 

be difficult for the BLM to acquire enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No 

detailed cost analysis or estimate was prepared as part of this study.

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordination with several subdivisions of the state of Oregon, including the Department of 

Environmental Quality (DEQ) would be pursued should the river be designated. In addition, cooperative 

efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study of eligible rivers and 

the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department 

(OWRD) would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural 

residential use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

180 | Page

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

The entire South Umpqua River lies within Douglas county. Local zoning within this river corridor 

county is predominately Exclusive Farm Use Grazing (23%). In addition, the following zoning types and 

percentages for this river segment are outlined below.

• Farm - Forest (23%)

• Exclusive Farm Use - Cropland (14%)

• Rural Residential - 2 (10%)

• Timberland Resource (6%)

• Urban City Limits of Myrtle Creek, Canyonville, Winston, Roseburg (6%)

• Rural Residential - 5 (6%)

• Heavy Industrial (3%) 

• Agriculture and Woodlot (3%)

• Public Reserve (2%)

• Tourist/ Community/ General Commercial (1%)

• Rural Community Commercial (<1%)

• Multiple Family Residential (<1%)

• Residential-High Density and Professional Office (<1%)

• Rural Residential - 1 (<1%)

In general, smaller zones lie near the communities of Myrtle Creek, Canyonville, Winston and Roseburg. 

Percentages are approximate. Breakdowns of zoning in the urban city areas have not been specified. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use - Grazing zone is to provide areas for the continued practice of 

agriculture and permit the establishment of only those new uses which are compatible with agricultural 

activities. The minimum property size established by this zone is intended to promote commercial 

agricultural pursuits, such as grazing, rangeland and other less intensive agricultural uses.

The Farm - Forest Classification is intended to promote management, utilization, and conservation of 

forested grazing lands, lands which might not be forested but have such potential, and non-tillable grazing 

lands adjacent to forested lands. The purpose of this classification is to encourage sound management 

practices on such lands for agricultural or forest resource uses, including but not limited to: watershed 

management; recreation; fish and wildlife management; and agricultural activities consistent with sound 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

181 | Page

forest and agricultural management practices, to retain lands within this district for farm and forest use, 

protecting such land from non-resource use and conflicts.

The purpose and intent of the Exclusive Farm Use - Cropland zone is to provide areas for the continued 

practice of agriculture and permit the establishment of only those new uses which are compatible with 

agricultural activities. The minimum property size established by this zone is intended to promote 

commercial agricultural pursuits, such as grain-lands, croplands and horticultural areas.

Further permitted uses and restrictions can be found on the Douglas County Website at: 

http://www.co.douglas.or.us/planning/Plan_docs/LUDO/Ch3_2.pdf

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of local, state, and governmental agencies; and commercial, private, and nonprofit entities have 

a role in planning for, providing, and managing recreation and open space resources and services in the 

state of Oregon. 

The State of Oregon, through the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), has established water 

quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the state. These standards are provided to protect 

the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 

340, Division 41 of the DEQ. Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal 

drinking water; irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and 

resident fish and aquatic life. The South Umpqua River was previously listed by DEQ as a 303d impaired 

water quality for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and bacteria. The Umpqua Basin TMDL was 

approved by EPA on 4/12/2007 and now covers these listings. The South Umpqua River still has other 

303d listings for sedimentation, cadmium, and arsenic that are not yet covered by a TMDL. Also, at least 

one health advisory has been issued by the Oregon Harmful Algae Bloom Surveillance program.

The Oregon Forest Practices Act does contain provisions that provides for protection of water resources 

including fisheries and water quality, some wildlife species and the ‘screening’ of logging activities along 

Scenic byways. State and local officials have the capacity to protect cultural and historic resources along 

the river corridor from looting, destruction, and sale on state and private land as codified in the Oregon 

State Regulations including 1) Archaeological Objects and Sites (ORS 358.905-358.955), 2) Scenic 

Waterways (ORS 390.805-390.925), 3) and Conservation Easement (ORS 271.715-271.795). The second 

and third statutes are specific to protecting resources in the river corridor.

• Archaeological Objects and Sites (ORS 358.905-358.955) - law provides definitions of 

archaeological sites, 75 years of age or older, significance, cultural patrimony; prohibits the sale 

and exchange of cultural items; or damage to archaeological sites on public and private lands. 

Items of cultural patrimony or associated with human remains are protected everywhere, unless 

the activity is authorized by an archaeological excavation permit. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

182 | Page

• Scenic Waterways (ORS 390.805-390.925) - establishes a state policy that protects historic and 

archaeological sites that are located adjacent to designated scenic waterways (i.e., rivers or lakes) 

from destruction due to the building of dams, construction, mining, etc. 

• Conservation Easement (ORS 271.715-271.795) - permits agencies to help in protecting lands 

with special natural or cultural features and provides tax incentives to private landowners who 

agree to restrict their use of such lands.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas.

The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 

river specific comments via an online survey. The majority of public comments specific to the South 

Umpqua River were supportive of Wild and Scenic River designation.

A summary of the key findings from this outreach effort can be found at:

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability, however, do not support 

most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. The Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon Rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. 

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production. (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013)

Douglas Timber Operators (DTO) is a community-supported forest products organization whose mission 

is to actively promote timber harvest, reforestation and production of forest products on public and private 

timberlands, and the enhancement of healthy forest ecosystems, through multiple use forest management. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

183 | Page

Based in Douglas County since 1968, DTO would not likely support suitability determinations or 

designation of any river in the County.

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The eastern end of the BLM segment of the South Umpqua River borders the USFS boundary near Tiller, 

Oregon. The headwaters of the South Umpqua River originate on the Umpqua National Forest. The 

Forest analyzed rivers in 1988 for possible eligibility for Wild and Scenic River designation, including 26 

miles of South Umpqua River from the confluence of Black Rock and Castle Rock Fork to Elk Creek 

(7,500 acres of National Forest, 120 acres on BLM, and 650 acres of private lands). The river was

determined to be “not eligible” because it did not contain any “outstandingly” remarkable values. It was 

dropped from further study. 

The BLM conducted eligibility determinations in 1994. BLM findings differed from the USFS findings 

performed in 1988 in that the ORVs identified in question 1 were determined.. The Umpqua National 

Forest and Roseburg District, Bureau of Land Management manages lands under the Northwest Forest 

Plan. In addition, other laws, statutes, regulations and orders are common to both agencies. Consistency 

of any potential BLM designation with USFS plans, programs and policies would therefore be met.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in March 2, 2001 by the Roseburg District Bureau of 

Land Management which covered the South Umpqua Watershed. Even without designation as a W&SR, 

BLM’s long-term goal of this area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 303(d) 

listed streams in the South Umpqua basin. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this 

goal. Recovery goals focus on protecting areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future 

impairments of these areas, and restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality standards.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) manages 118 acres within the South Umpqua River corridor. BIA’s 

mission is to enhance the quality of life, to promote economic opportunity, and to carry out the 

responsibility to protect and improve the trust assets of American Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska 

Natives. According to BIA, a designation of Wild and Scenic to the associated lands managed within this 

river segment would be an improper overlay to these trust lands as they are held in trust for the benefit of 

Tribes and/or individual tribal members. Such a designation would thus be inconsistent with the BIA’s 

mission. 

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality: DEQ is the state of Oregon agency responsible for 

protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. 

The BLM is recognized by the DEQ as a ‘Designated Management Agency’ for implementing the Clean 

Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The BLM has signed a Memorandum of Agreement 

with the DEQ that defines the process by which the BLM will cooperatively meet State and Federal water 

quality rules and regulations. The Director of DEQ and the BLM State Director are responsible for 

ensuring implementation of the agency’s MOA.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability or social goals. 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

184 | Page

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws. 

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There is one designated Wild and Scenic River within the Umpqua River watershed (North Umpqua 

River, designated in 1988). There are no current legislative proposals for additional federal protection of 

the Umpqua River or its tributaries. The North Umpqua has also been designated a ‘Salmon Stronghold’ 

river, a rare and unique designation within the state of Oregon. A key watershed that has been identified 

that contributes to basin integrity for water quality that feeds into the South Umpqua is Jackson Creek.

Designation of the South Umpqua would contribute little, if any to basin integrity due to the majority of 

the lands along the South Umpqua being in private ownership. 

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for water resource projects in the Umpqua were identified during this study, however, the 

proposed Pacific Connector Gas Pipeline project would bisect the river segment in multiple locations. The 

potential for a hydropower facility along the South Umpqua is non-existent though there is the potential 

for bridge construction and bridge replacement projects.

South Umpqua River Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Roseburg District finds the South Umpqua 

River to be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of 

this segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. The BLM-managed portions 

of the segment are fragmented and the overall percentage of federal ownership within the river corridor is 

extremely low. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists 

within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would 

not be best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality and outstandingly 

remarkable recreation values.

Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

186 | Page

Umpqua River Wild and Scenic River Suitability Determination 

Table 49. Umpqua River Wild and Scenic River suitability.

Segment Name: Umpqua River

Segment Description:

Confluence of North and South River Forks (Roseburg District) to District 

boundary at Kellogg; Continuing from Kellogg to mouth of Umpqua River 

(Coos Bay District)

Total Segment Length: 109.48 miles

Length on BLM Land: 17.99 miles

Total Segment Area: 34,840.53 acres

Area on BLM Land: 2,402.94 acres

Preliminary Classification: Recreational

Outstandingly Remarkable 

Values (ORVs):

Roseburg District: Scenic, Recreational, Fish and Wildlife, Historical, 

Cultural

Coos Bay District: Scenic, Recreational, Geological, Fish and Wildlife, 

Historical, Cultural.

Other: Ecological

Description of ORVs:

The eligibility determination for the Umpqua River was made during the 

BLMs 1990 Land Use Planning study. In order to facilitate a better 

understanding of river values, this report includes a description of the seven 

ORVs for the Umpqua River.

Umpqua River Suitability Factor Assessment 

Criteria 1: Characteristics that do or do not make the river a worthy addition to the National Wild 

and Scenic River System.

The entire Umpqua River is approximately 111 miles long in Oregon. One of the principal rivers of the 

Oregon Coast and known for outstanding fisheries, the river drains an expansive network of valleys in the 

mountains west of the Cascade Range and south of the Willamette Valley, from which it is separated by 

the Calapooya Mountains. From its beginning, at the confluence of the North and South Umpqua Rivers 

northwest of Roseburg, the Umpqua flows northwest through the Oregon Coast Range and empties into 

the Pacific Ocean at Winchester Bay. The Umpqua River is the second largest river flowing into the 

Pacific Ocean in Oregon, with the Columbia being the largest. It is one of four major rivers in Oregon that 

start in or east of the Cascade Range and reach the Pacific Ocean. The Umpqua River has the third highest 

flow of all rivers flowing completely within Oregon, after the Willamette and Santiam Rivers.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

187 | Page

The river basin systems within the Upper Umpqua watershed originate in numerous steep, headwater 

streams that are fed by snowmelt, rain events or ground water springs. It is important because it carries 

cool water, nutrients, and organic matter downstream. (Upper Umpqua Watershed Analysis, April 2002)

There are a total of seven Outstandingly Remarkable Values associated with the Umpqua River: Scenic, 

Recreational, Geological, Fish and Wildlife, Historical, Cultural and Ecological. Geological and 

Ecological are specific to the Coos Bay District. They are described in detail below.

Outstandingly Remarkable Values

Fishing: The Umpqua boasts very good runs of salmon, steelhead and shad. Sturgeon, small-mouth bass 

and striped bass are also popular fisheries. Angling from a drift boat is the most popular method above 

Scottsburg and from a jet boat below Scottsburg. Anglers have many opportunities to launch watercraft 

from numerous County or BLM managed boat ramps.

Recreation: Below are some of the more popular recreation activities that take place along the Umpqua 

River.

Boating: Little whitewater exists along the Umpqua so little rafting takes place. There is some canoe and

kayak use along the river. Drift boats above tidewater and jet boats below tidewater dominate watercraft 

usage on the river as they search for fish. It is anticipated that a currently proposed water trail on the 

Umpqua would increase not-motorized boat use.

Camping: The Tyee Recreation Site (Roseburg BLM) is located along the Umpqua. The site has a has 

fifteen campsites, a Day-use area, and a reservable pavilion for groups up to 50 people. The campground 

is very popular during the summer, especially during holidays and weekends. Eagleview Group 

Campground (Roseburg BLM) is one mile below Tyee and is a reservable campground for groups up to 

100 people. Both campgrounds have river access and during the summer, large groups of people are 

found recreating in the river.

Water Play: Popular seasonal activities on the Umpqua are tubing and swimming. Countless swimming 

holes are located on the river. Ledges at Yellow Creek are used for jumping and diving into river pools 

and receive heavy use during the summer.

Driving for Pleasure: The Umpqua River Scenic Byway (State Highways 138 and 38) parallels the 

Umpqua River for approximately 56 miles. The Byway is a main route for travelers to get from Interstate 

5 to the Pacific Coast. Travelers enjoy views of the river and diverse flora and fauna that exist.

Other recreational opportunities: The Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area (Coos Bay BLM) along the Byway 

allows opportunities to view a resident population of 60 to 100 Roosevelt elk. The proposed Devil’s 

Staircase Wilderness forms a portion of the northern boundary of the river between Scottsburg and 

Reedsport. There are also nine wineries along the Byway for wine connoisseurs. Numerous picnicking 

locations and countless photograph opportunities abound.

Overall, the recreational values on the Umpqua River are outstandingly remarkable.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

188 | Page

Scenic: The Umpqua River flows east to west starting at the confluence of the North Umpqua and South 

Umpqua Rivers just west of Roseburg. The start is located within the broad, flat Garden Valley and enters 

a canyon northeast of the unincorporated town of Umpqua into the Coastal Mountain Range, and 

terminates at the Pacific Ocean. The canyon varies from narrow U-shaped to broad U-shaped. The dense 

forests along the byway provide a changing visual scene from verdant greens in the spring and summer, to 

a kaleidoscope of reds and yellows in the fall. High quality scenic viewing of the river is afforded along 

Tyee Road and Highway 138 from Roseburg to Elkton, and then Highway 38 from Elkton to the Pacific 

Ocean. Additionally, 56 miles of highway along the Umpqua has been designated as a state scenic byway; 

the Umpqua River Scenic Byway. 

At the mouth, large ocean swells and waves and views of the Pacific Ocean are visible. The sand dunes 

on the north side of the river, within the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, are unique to the 

Umpqua River. Vegetation along most of the river is typical of the Douglas-fir and riparian species seen 

throughout western Oregon. A state of Oregon Heritage Tree (Hinds Walnut) is also found along the 

Byway.

Fish and Wildlife: The Umpqua is noted as having outstanding anadromous fish runs. It is a superb 

fishery having runs of spring and fall Chinook, winter and summer steelhead, Coho salmon, cutthroat 

trout, sturgeon, shad and striped bass. Warm water fish include crappie, bluegill, large- mouth and smallmouth bass and yellow perch. Other fish species present include brown and rainbow trout. The Oregon 

State Parks classifies the Umpqua as having outstanding fishery related values. The lower end of the river 

hosts many species of freshwater and saltwater fish, as well as clams, crab and ghost shrimp.

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) designated the Oregon Coast Coho salmon Evolutionary 

Significant Unit as a threatened species (Federal Register, Vol. 63, No. 153/Monday, August 10, 

1998/Rules and Regulations). The Umpqua River cutthroat trout was previously listed as endangered (61 

FR 41414, August 9, 1996). The National Marine Fisheries Service delisted the species on April 19, 2000, 

with concurrence from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register, Vol. 65, Number 

81/Wednesday, April 26, 2000). Additionally, the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and 

Management Act of 1996 (Federal Register 2002) designated Essential Fish Habitat for fish species of 

commercial importance. Essential Fish Habitat consists of streams and habitat currently or historically 

accessible to Oregon Coast Chinook and Oregon Coast coho salmon, and is coincident with critical 

habitat designated for Oregon Coast coho salmon.

The Pacific lamprey and the Umpqua chub are on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 

list as Species of Concern and are considered Bureau Sensitive Species by the BLM (Manual 6840). Both

fish species have been documented as occurring in the Umpqua River.

Several bald eagle, osprey, and peregrine falcon nest sites are located along the river. In the Roseburg 

District, there are approximately 3,360 acres designated for bald eagle habitat management, under the 

Umpqua River Corridor Habitat Management Plan. A variety of birds and terrestrial wildlife, including 

spotted sandpipers, mergansers, and river otters can be observed along the river. Harbor seals are 

frequently seen in the lower segment of the river. While not unique to bays and estuaries, they are rare in 

the National Wild and Scenic River system.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

189 | Page

Overall, the fish and wildlife values on the Umpqua River are outstandingly remarkable.

Cultural: The Umpqua River has been a major transportation corridor cutting through the Coast Range for 

as long as people have lived in the region. Prior to contact between indigenous populations and EuroAmericans, the Umpqua Indians lived along the main stem of the river from Scottsburg to the north and 

south forks. The wide river terraces, which later drew ranchers to this area, were initially occupied by 

indigenous peoples for millennium. 

Roseburg District: Eight prehistoric sites have been recorded on the main stem between the forks and 

Elkton. Two of these, 35DO147 and 35DO905, have been evaluated and are considered eligible for 

inclusion in the National Register because of their importance for interpreting regional prehistory. 

Another site, 35DO393, was the place of an indigenous burial. The site of the original burial and the 

nearby location where the remains were recently re-interred continue to be sacred to contemporary Indian 

tribes. The other sites include rock-shelters, one with pictographs, and river’s edge campsites. Although 

not formally recorded, several other locations along the main stem are known to contain information 

important to the interpretation of regional prehistory.

Coos Bay District: Seven sites including one which has had considerable excavation results published are 

known to exist along the lower stem of the Umpqua River. One site is unique because of religious use and 

the existence of pictographs and petroglyphs.

The cultural values of the Umpqua River are outstandingly remarkable. 

Historic: At the advent of the historic era, several bands of Indians lived in the Umpqua River valley: the 

Siuslawan, or Penutian-speaking Lower Umpqua people in the area from present-day Scottsburg/Wells 

Creek to the coast; the Yoncalla-speaking Kalapuyan people (related to the Kalapuya people in the 

Willamette Valley) in the north part of the watershed; Athabaskan-speaking Umpqua, or Upper Umpqua 

people; Molallan, or Penutian-speaking Southern Molalla Indians in the upper areas near the western 

Cascades; and the Takelman-speaking Cow Creek Band of Umpqua.

In 1819, North West Company fur trappers arrived in the Umpqua Valley and trapped beavers along the 

Umpqua River for several decades. In 1836, the Hudson’s Bay Company built Fort Umpqua, to capitalize 

on the burgeoning fur trade. The fort was established at what is now present-day Elkton, adjacent to both 

the Elk Creek trail leading to the Willamette Valley and a trail that led to the upper Rogue River Valley. 

The fort was constructed as the Hudson’s Bay southern Oregon center of fur trading operations. In 1847, 

the fort consisted of five permanent buildings, a stockage 12 feet high and 90 feet square, and 80 acres of 

cultivatable lands. Fire destroyed the fort in November 1851 and permanently closed in 1854. Fort 

Umpqua was the first non-Native settlement in Oregon south of the Willamette Valley. 

On July 14, 1828, fur trader Jedediah Smith and company were attacked by Lower Umpqua Indians, on 

the lower Umpqua River, near the confluence of Smith River. Fourteen members of Smith’s party were 

killed, but four members, including Smith escaped, ultimately, to Fort Vancouver. The Smith River, 

consequently, takes its name from Jedediah Smith.

The earliest settlement on the Oregon coast, south of the Columbia River and west of Fort Umpqua, was 

established on the north spit of the Umpqua River in 1850. Platted as Umpqua City, this community was, 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

190 | Page

in the 1850s and 1860s, the site of a post office, Indian agency, military post and point of embarkation for 

coastal steamer service to San Francisco or Portland.

The Umpqua River was one of the earliest gateways through the Coast Range to the interior of Oregon. 

During the period between 1850 and 1856, Scottsburg was the trade center of southwestern Oregon and 

was the beginning of the supply route for the mining regions of southern Oregon and northern California. 

Ships from the sea would come across the bar and make their way up the river to Scottsburg, bringing 

clothing, food, and tools for the mines. On their outward trips they carried beef, mutton, hides, and 

lumber to San Francisco and Portland. Since there were no roads, supplies were transferred from the 

incoming ships to pack mules and then transported along mountain trails to their destinations.

Another Fort Umpqua was established on the north spit of the Umpqua River in 1856. The purpose of this 

military post was to guard the southern boundary of the Siletz Indian Reservation which was created by 

Executive Order in 1855, and encompassed over one million acres between the Pacific Ocean and the 

crest of the Coast Range. In addition to local Indian bands, the government moved in bands of the 

southwestern Oregon Coast and commenced a program of repeated withdrawals of land to diminish the 

reservation and concentrate the native population. As a result, the post was abandoned in 1861.

In 1892, the U.S. Life Saving Service established its station near Umpqua City to provide protection to 

mariners who frequented this part of the Oregon coast. A crew and family members were stationed here 

until the 1930’s.

The region has long been a timber-producing area. Since the early 1900s, private interests, such as 

Roseburg Lumber, have actively managed the forestlands. The U.S. Department of the Interior managed 

the Cascade Forest Reserve in the upper reaches of the Umpqua River from 1897 until 1905 when 

management was transferred to the newly established U.S. Forest Service. The Umpqua Forest Reserve 

was created in 1907 in the Coast Range Mountains. The present-day Umpqua National Forest was 

established in 1908 from portions of the Cascade Reserve. Many of the lower areas of the river have been 

under the management of the federal government, since 1916, starting with the Government Land Office 

which later merged with the U.S. Grazing Service to become the Bureau of Land Management in 1946.

At least three historic sites on this stretch of the river are in or eligible for inclusion in the National 

Historic Register. These include the site of the “Old Establishment” or McKay’s “Old Fort” near 

Calapooya Creek, the Hudson’s Bay Company Fort Umpqua across the river from Elkton, and the Henry 

Brown House west of Elkton.

All of these sites are on private land. However, the historic values along the Umpqua River are 

outstandingly remarkable. 

Geological:

Other - Ecological: Umpqua Spit (Coos Bay BLM) is the location of a proposed Forest Service research 

natural area. It is not clear whether the features which are needed to fill the required cell are within 1⁄4 

miles of the river bank. However, the presence of the sand dune associated vegetation is extremely limited 

and may be unique to the Oregon Dunes. From a practical standpoint, the Umpqua River is probably the 

only large river which could possibly be designated, and thereby bring this unique vegetation into the 

Wild and Scenic Rivers system.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

191 | Page

Myrtle Island (Roseburg BLM) was designated as a Research National Area (RNA) and an Area of 

Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) in 1981. Myrtle Island is a 30-acre island in the middle of the 

Umpqua River. The island contains an old-growth stand of California bay-laurel and scattered Douglasfir, which is protected against disturbance and maintained for observation and research. The 947 acre 

Umpqua River Wildlife Area ACEC (Roseburg BLM) are two different parcels that have been specially 

designated for the protection of bald eagle and osprey nesting habitat.

Other River Values and Characteristics

Access and Development: Along the Umpqua, there are eight transportation bridges that cross the river. 

Most bridges span the entire river, but some have support piers within the river channel. Public access to 

portions of the Umpqua is provided where Federal, State or County lands parallel the corridor or access 

the river. Legal access to a majority of the riverbed is limited due to the large amount of private 

ownership. Paved roads are maintained by the State of Oregon and Douglas County. There are five 

incorporated cities that lie within the river corridor: Elkton, Scottsburg, Reedsport and Gardiner and 

Winchester Bay. The corridor is predominantly rural interface is and characterized by a substantially 

modified natural environment. A considerable number of agricultural developments with lesser numbers 

of transportation, residential and business developments contained within the river corridor. These 

alterations are within the view shed of the river. Private residences with cleared lands for agricultural or 

livestock purposes are common.

The convenience of recreation sites and opportunities are more important than a natural landscape or 

setting. Sights and sounds of man are readily evident, and the concentration of users is low to moderate.

From Elkton to Reedsport, the primary focus on each side of the river is forest management. Active 

timber harvesting can be observed on BLM and private timber lands. The Umpqua River Bridge which 

spans the river near Reedsport consists of a central swing span flanked by two reinforced concrete arches 

on each end. The swing span was necessary to accommodate tall sailing vessels which were common on 

the Umpqua River. This is the only bridge in Oregon that still uses a swing span. It originally opened in 

1936. The entire river segment is free flowing and free of major impoundments, with the exception of 

support piers for bridges. 

Criteria 2: The current status of land ownership and use in the area.

Land ownership for this 109.48-mile segment is a combination of Federal (BLM, US Forest Service and 

Department of Defense), State of Oregon, and private (Table 50). The BLM manages 17.99 miles (16.4 

percent) of shoreline along the corridor. Thirty BLM parcels border one side of the river and five cross 

the riverbed for ownership to both sides of the river. An additional 11 parcels lie within the corridor but 

do not contact the shoreline for a total of 46 BLM managed parcels. BLM manages 2,402.94 acres (6.9%) 

within the study corridor.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

192 | Page

Table 50. Land ownership within the Umpqua River corridor.

Ownership Acres Percentage

BLM 2,402.94 6.9%

Department of Defense 14.65 <1%

Private 22,982.43 65.9%

State of Oregon 34.48 <1%

Oregon Department of Forestry 417.91 1.2%

Undetermined 1,206.70 3.5%

Unknown 17.28 <1%

USFS 436.07 1.2%

Water 7,328.07 21.0%

Most of the private lands are managed as tree farms to produce wood fiber on forest rotations of between 

40 and 60 years. On BLM lands, natural stands are interspersed with younger, managed stands. Farmers 

in the Upper Umpqua River Watershed produce a variety of agricultural goods, including hay, berries, 

fruit, and Christmas trees. Prune orchards were once very common throughout the valley. Several 

vineyards are also located in the watershed. Livestock operations mostly raise beef cattle and sheep.

Almost all agricultural lands are privately held, and most are located in valleys and lowlands.Throughout 

the Umpqua Basin, the agricultural community could potentially have the greatest influence on fish 

habitat and water quality restoration. Barriers to farmer and rancher participation in fish habitat and water 

quality activities are limited time, limited money, and in many cases limited awareness or understanding 

of restoration project requirements, benefits, and funding opportunities.

Coos Bay BLM acquired the Umpqua Eden parcel on the lower Umpqua River with the assistance of the 

Archaeological Conservancy to preserve significant cultural resources. The Confederated Tribes of the 

Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians have expressed an interest in acquiring this parcel and have 

worked to resolve this through legislative action.

The Oregon State Water Resources Department records 433 water rights and 628 points of diversion on

the 109.5-mile Umpqua River segment from the confluence of the North and South Umpqua Rivers to the 

Pacific Ocean. Table 51 shows water types and uses. It is not advisable to count columns due to the fact 

that one water right may have several points of diversion (POD) and/or several use types. This may result 

in double counting the rights. Data was run on June 1, 2013.

Table 51. Water right types, uses, points of diversion, and withdrawal rates.

Water Right 

Type Use Water Rights PODs Rate Sum (CFS)

Area Sum 

(Acre Ft.)

Ground Water Irrigation 13 14 1.5207

Storage

Fire Protection 1 3 0 3

Fish Culture 1 2 0 0.7

Livestock 10 17 0.27 10.4943

Multiple Purpose 3 5 20

Recreation 1 1 0 0.18

Wildlife 3 7 0 2.5385
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

193 | Page

Surface Water

Anadromous and Resident Fish 

Rearing 1 1 1,700

Domestic 44 61 1.3227

Domestic and Livestock 2 3 0.02

Domestic Expanded 22 27 0.2139

Domestic Including Lawn And 

Garden 20 20 0.21

Fire Protection 3 5 0.0115

Fish Culture 2 3 0.07

Greenhouse 1 1 0.005

Human Consumption 1 1 0.005

Industrial/Manufacturing Uses 1 1 0.4

Irrigation 309 365 93.2506 160

Irrigation And Domestic 2 2 0.07

Livestock 33 56 0.3711

Municipal Uses 1 1 0.5

Nursery Uses 5 9 15.1275 22.3

Pond Maintenance 2 2 0.014

Recreation 2 2 0.0115

Supporting Aquatic Life 2 2 1,525

Temperature Control 1 1 4.9

Wildlife 1 11 0

Totals 3,343.2935 219.2128

The river segment contains diversions for the purpose of irrigating private or other lands in accordance 

with state water right laws. Surface water diversions have been constructed in a manner enhancing fish 

habitat and do not impair the free-flowing nature of the segment.

Criteria 3: The reasonably foreseeable potential uses of the land and water that would be enhanced, 

foreclosed, or curtailed if the area were included in the National System. 

Uses That Would Be Enhanced By Designation (including Outstandingly Remarkable Values):

The basic objectives of designation are to maintain the river’s existing conditions and to protect the 

identified Outstandingly Remarkable Values. With designation, BLM’s management presence would 

increase. Planning for recreation sites and facilities would complement designation and would ensure the 

continued availability of recreational opportunities within the WSR corridor.

Scenic qualities would be enhanced as more restrictive timber harvesting practices on federal land would 

be implemented. Construction projects occurring within the corridor would have more restrictive 

measures in place to protect visual quality. With designation, the BLM system to protect visual quality 

(Visual Resource Management) would be at a higher management class thereby requiring projects to meet 

higher standards of form, line, color and texture.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

194 | Page

Fish and wildlife populations would be enhanced by helping to preserve existing habitat. Bald Eagle and 

Northern spotted owl habitat and nesting areas would continue to be protected and enhanced under the 

Endangered Species Act and WSR designation. Designation would complement certain goals and 

objectives of the two local water conservation districts.

Cultural and historic values would not change by either designation or non-designation since these values 

are already protected by other federal and state laws that are not dependent upon WSR designation (see 

question #9 for these laws).

Uses That Would Be Foreclosed by Designation:

Designation would prohibit development of hydroelectric power facilities. Currently, there are no Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) applications for dams or diversions on file for this river segment.

All public lands within the authorized boundaries of a designated component of the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers system would be withdrawn from entry, sale, or disposition under the public laws of the 

United States.

Water rights status and future applications may be limited with designation.

Uses That Would Be Curtailed By Designation

WSR designation could lead to the application of a higher water quality standard for timber harvesting 

upstream from the designated component of the NWSRS. New mining claims could be located, however, 

valid claims located after the designation date could be patented only as to the mineral estate. The Mineral 

Leasing Act of 1920 provides that all publicly owned oil and gas resources be open to leasing, unless a 

specific land order has been issued to close the area.

Designation of eligible or study rivers into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system could affect 

private land use and development. Effects include compliance with county zoning regulations as well as 

stipulations of scenic easements, if acquired. Stipulations may also limit vegetation management 

practices, and establish requirements regarding maintenance and development of private lands.

Compliance measures to existing laws and regulations may be more consistently and routinely monitored 

and enforced.

Designation would limit the types of road maintenance activities that occur on BLM-administered land 

that may have a direct and adverse impact on in-channel conditions. It is expected that river designation 

would lead to more stringent road, design and maintenance requirements. 

Projects such as forest management, discretionary ROW approvals and recreation development on BLMadministered land could be limited or foreclosed if the projects degrade river values (ORV’s, free flow or 

water quality).

In-channel projects on private land that have direct federal involvement (such permitting or funding) 

would require evaluation under the “direct and adverse” standard of WSRA section 7. Projects such as 

bank stabilization, bridge replacement or utility construction could be limited or foreclosed based on this 

evaluation.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

195 | Page

Uses That Would Be Enhanced, Foreclosed or Curtailed by Non-Designation

There could be a greater potential for adverse effects upon this river’s Outstandingly Remarkable Values 

if the river were not designated. Through less funding and direct management focus on critical values. 

There could also be the possibility of hydroelectric project development including dams or 

impoundments, more water rights issued, and side channel mineral extraction and exploration. Other 

management requirements and tools (discussed in criteria 9) provide a layer of protection for these values. 

These mechanisms will apply regardless of whether the segment receives WSR designation by Congress. 

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, BLM and other government 

entities would continue to manage and protect lands under their jurisdiction for the natural resource and 

historical values along the river corridor. The Outstandingly Remarkable Values would not be diminished 

or lost by such management. Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas.

Criteria 4: The Federal agency that will administer the area should it be added to the National 

System.

If the Umpqua River was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the BLM would be most 

suited to manage the land and resources within the boundary, unless Congress designated another agency.

Criteria 5: The extent to which the agency proposes that administration of the river including the 

costs thereof, is shared by state and local agencies.

At this time, it is not expected that state and local agencies would share in the costs of river 

administration.

Criteria6: The estimated cost of the United States of acquiring necessary lands or interests in land 

within the corridor, as well as the cost of administering the area should it be added to the National 

System.

Administrative Costs: It is not expected that Wild and Scenic River designation would substantially 

increase management costs in this river corridor due to the present costs of complying with existing 

federal laws and policies. Potential management activities associated specifically with WSR management 

could include water quality sampling, targeted monitoring activities and preparation of section 7 

determinations for in-channel projects. No detailed cost analysis or estimate was prepared as part of this 

study. There is likely to be some increased cost of administering the area if designated:

Currently, there are adequate recreation facilities available to meet the needs of users. The Umpqua River 

is currently a highly visited recreation resource that has adequate development and additional 

infrastructure and maintenance resources are not anticipated to accommodate the potential increase in 

visitation that could result from designation. There are no known facilities that may be required to be 

constructed on BLM lands i.e., boat ramps, campgrounds, interpretation sites, trail heads, and trails.

Land Acquisition: At this time, it is not expected that the BLM would pursue land acquisition from 

willing sellers. Because the majority of the land within the segment corridor is privately owned, it would 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

196 | Page

be difficult for the BLM to acquire enough additional land to affect the manageability of the segment. No 

detailed cost analysis or estimate was prepared as part of this study.

Criteria 7: A determination of the extent that other Federal Agencies, the State, or its political 

subdivisions might participate in the preservation and administration of the river should it be 

proposed for inclusion into the National System.

Coordination with several subdivisions of the state of Oregon, including the Department of 

Environmental Quality (DEQ) would be pursued should the river be designated. In addition, cooperative 

efforts would continue with these State agencies as participants in suitability study of eligible rivers and 

the development of river management plans for designated W&SRs.

If the river were not added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Federal, State and local land 

management agencies could continue to protect land under their jurisdiction for the riparian values and 

Outstandingly Remarkable Values along the river area under existing laws, authorities, and ordinances. 

Public lands outside the riparian zone would be subject to existing laws, regulations and timber 

management prescriptions, excluding protective wildlife areas. For example, Oregon water laws and 

appropriative water right procedures administered by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) 

would continue oversight of water use for domestic and agricultural purposes including rural residential 

use, forestry, agricultural use and irrigation. 

Criteria 8: An evaluation of local zoning and other land use controls in protecting the river’s 

outstandingly remarkable values and preventing incompatible development.

The entire Umpqua River lies within Douglas county. Local zoning within this river corridor is 

predominately Timberland resources (33%). In addition, the following zoning types and percentages for 

this river segment are outlined below.

• Exclusive Farm Use Grazing (18%)

• Exclusive Farm Use–Cropland (16%)

• Farm Forest (14%)

• Estuarine Conservation (6%)

• Rural Residential (5%)

• Urban City Limits of Elkton and Reedsport (2%)

• Rural Residential-2 (2%)

• Agriculture and Woodlot (2%)

• Public Reserve (<1%)

• Conservation Shorelands (<1%)

• Estuarine Natural (<1%)
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

197 | Page

• Heavy Industrial (<1%)

• Rural Community Commercial (<1%)

The smaller percentage zones lie near the communities of Elkton, Wells Creek, Scottsburg, Gardiner, 

Reedsport and Winchester Bay. No further zoning within city limits has been broken down. Estuarine 

Conservation (6%), Conservation Shorelands (<1%), Estuarine Natural (<1%), and Heavy Industrial 

(<1%) all lie on the western end of the river near the coast. 

The Timberland Resource classification is intended to protect lands for continued timber production, 

harvesting and related uses, conserve and protect watersheds, wildlife habitats and other such uses 

associated with forests and to provide for the orderly development of both public and private recreational 

uses as appropriate and not in conflict with the primary intent of the zone, which is sustained production 

of forest products. Uses of land not associated with the management and development of forests shall be 

discouraged to minimize the potential hazards of damage from fire, pollution and conflict caused by nonforest related residential, commercial and industrial activities. 

The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use-Grazing zone is to provide areas for the continued practice of 

agriculture and permit the establishment of only those new uses which are compatible with agricultural 

activities. The minimum property size established by this zone is intended to promote commercial 

agricultural pursuits, such as grazing, rangeland and other less intensive agricultural uses.

The purpose and intent of the Exclusive Farm Use-Cropland zone is to provide areas for the continued 

practice of agriculture and permit the establishment of only those new uses which are compatible with 

agricultural activities. The minimum property size established by this zone is intended to promote 

commercial agricultural pursuits, such as grain-lands, croplands and horticultural areas.

The Farm-Forest classification is intended to promote management, utilization, and

conservation of forested grazing lands, lands which might not be forested but have such

potential, and non-tillable grazing lands adjacent to forested lands. The purpose of this

classification is to encourage sound management practices on such lands for agricultural

or forest resource uses, including but not limited to: watershed management; recreation;

fish and wildlife management; and agricultural activities consistent with sound forest and

agricultural management practices, to retain lands within this district for farm and forest

use, protecting such land from non-resource use and conflicts.

Criteria 9: The State/local government’s capacity to manage and protect the outstandingly 

remarkable values on non-Federal lands. 

A variety of state and local governmental agencies all have a role in planning for, providing, and 

managing recreation, open space resources and services in the state of Oregon.

The State of Oregon, through the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), has established water 

quality standards “not to be exceeded” for all waters of the state. These standards are provided to protect 

the beneficial uses of the water. Standards are published in the Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 

340, Division 41 of the DEQ. Specific beneficial uses of Oregon’s rivers and streams include municipal 
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

198 | Page

drinking water; irrigation and domestic residential drinking water; salmon rearing and spawning; and 

resident fish and aquatic life.

The Oregon Forest Practices Act does contain provisions that provides for protection of water resources 

including fisheries and water quality, some wildlife species and the ‘screening’ of logging activities along 

Scenic byways.

State and local officials have the capacity to protect cultural and historic resources along the river corridor 

from looting, destruction, and sale on state and private land as codified in the Oregon State Regulations 

including 1) Archaeological Objects and Sites (ORS 358.905-358.955), 2) Scenic Waterways (ORS 

390.805-390.925), 3) and Conservation Easement (ORS 271.715-271.795). The second and third statutes 

are specific to protecting resources in the river corridor. The Umpqua River was previously listed by DEQ 

as a 303d impaired water quality for temperature and bacteria. The Umpqua Basin TMDL was approved 

by EPA on 4/12/2007 and now covers these listings. The Umpqua River is still listed for arsenic and a 

new listing for pH that is not yet covered by a TMDL. Also, at least one health advisory has been issued 

by the Oregon Harmful Algae Bloom Surveillance program.

• Archaeological Objects and Sites (ORS 358.905-358.955) - law provides definitions of 

archaeological sites, 75 years of age or older, significance, cultural patrimony; prohibits the sale 

and exchange of cultural items; or damage to archaeological sites on public and private lands. 

Items of cultural patrimony or associated with human remains are protected everywhere, unless 

the activity is authorized by an archaeological excavation permit.

• Scenic Waterways (ORS 390.805-390.925) - establishes a state policy that protects historic and 

archaeological sites that are located adjacent to designated scenic waterways (i.e., rivers or lakes) 

from destruction due to the building of dams, construction, mining, etc.

• Conservation Easement (ORS 271.715-271.795) - permits agencies to help in protecting lands 

with special natural or cultural features and provides tax incentives to private landowners who 

agree to restrict their use of such lands.

Criteria 10: The existing support or opposition of designation. 

During the winter of 2013, the BLM initiated a multi-phase outreach strategy to engage the public 

specifically on eligible wild and scenic rivers within the western Oregon RMP project area. The BLM 

looked to gain a better understanding of the social values associated with river users across western 

Oregon. This strategy included an interactive web based survey and a series of regional workshops across 

four western Oregon locations, that involved the participation of the National Park Service-Rivers, Trails 

and Conservation Assistance program, the Association of O&C Counties, the Outdoor Alliance, Travel 

Oregon, the Umpqua Confederated Tribe, and the Mazamas.

The BLM engaged nearly 300 participants throughout the four recreation workshops and received 232 

river specific comments via an online survey. The majority of public comments specific to the Umpqua 

River were supportive of Wild and Scenic River designation. A summary of the key findings from this 

outreach effort can be found at:
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

199 | Page

http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/rmpswesternoregon/files/key-findings.pdf

The Association of O&C Counties represents the interests of Counties in Western Oregon within which 

lie the BLM managed O&C lands. They support certain rivers for suitability, however, do not support 

most. The Association has represented County interests in legislative and administrative actions 

concerning management of BLM lands for over 80 years, well before the creation of the BLM. They 

follow the O&C Act which states that timber on the O&C lands shall be managed with timber thereon 

sold, cut and removed on a sustained yield basis “for the purpose of providing a permanent source of 

timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and contributing to the economic stability 

of local communities and industries, and providing recreational facilities.”

The Association of O&C Counties has joined a bipartisan coalition to support a plan and proposed 

legislation called the O&C Trust, Conservation, and Jobs Act. The Act anticipates creating thousands of 

new jobs in Oregon’s forested communities, ensuring the health of federal forests for future generations, 

and providing long-term funding certainty for Oregon’s rural schools, roads, and law enforcement 

agencies. The Bill includes the addition of 150 miles of Oregon Rivers to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. 

However, this river is not identified; therefore is not likely to be supported for suitability or 

designation due to the mandate in the O&C Act for timber production. (Conversation with Doug 

Robertson, President, Association of O&C Counties, June 27, 2013).

Douglas Timber Operators (DTO) is a community-supported forest products organization whose mission 

is to actively promote timber harvest, reforestation and production of forest products on public and private 

timberlands, and the enhancement of healthy forest ecosystems, through multiple use forest management. 

Based in Douglas County since 1968, DTO would not likely support suitability determinations or 

designation of any river in the County.

Criteria 11: The consistency of designation with other agency plans, programs, and policies in 

meeting regional objectives. 

The Siuslaw National Forest manages lands between Reedsport and Scottsburg that border the north side 

of the Umpqua River for several miles. A determination of eligibility on the Umpqua River was made by 

the Forest in its draft Forest Plan, 1990. A 23.5 mile segment of the river was found to be eligible.

Both the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management follow management prescriptions of the 

Northwest Forest Plan. Management actions are therefore consistent. Forest Service management 

practices are compatible with the protection of downstream ORVs.

A Water Quality Restoration Plan was completed in 2008 by the Roseburg and Coos Bay Districts of the 

Bureau of Land Management which covered the Upper Umpqua, Umpqua River-Sawyers Rapids and 

Lower Umpqua River watersheds. Even without designation as a W&SR, BLM’s long-term goal of this 

area is to achieve compliance with water quality standards for the 303(d) listed streams in the Umpqua 

River basin. The Plan identifies implementation strategies to achieve this goal. Recovery goals focus on 

protecting areas where water quality meets standards and avoiding future impairments of these areas, and 

restoring areas that do not currently meet water quality standards.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

200 | Page

The BLM manages under 7% of the river corridor and the USFS just over 1%. The majority of land

ownership along this river consists primarily of private land holdings (65.9%). Current uses and private 

management practices would not be consistent with management prescriptions for a Wild and Scenic 

River designation due to the development and uses identified in criteria 2.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The DEQ is the chief regulatory agency of the government 

of the U.S. state of Oregon responsible for protecting and enhancing the state's natural resources and 

managing sanitary and toxic waste disposal. The BLM is recognized by Oregon DEQ as a Designated

Management Agency for implementing the Clean Water Act on BLM-administered lands in Oregon. The 

BLM has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the DEQ in 2011 that defines the process by 

which the BLM will cooperatively meet State and Federal water quality rules and regulations. The 

Director of DEQ and the BLM State Director are responsible for ensuring implementation of the agency’s 

MOU.

Programs, plans and entities that represent consumptive uses, such as mining, oil and gas, forestry and 

agricultural users, would see a limitation of uses and control measures, which may adversely affect their 

production, economic stability, or social goals.

Outside of W&SR designation, there are other laws that require protection of natural resources. The 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) are two federal laws, which are meant to 

provide for the recovery and preservation of endangered and threatened species and the quality of the 

nation’s waters. The BLM is required to assist in implementing these two laws.

Criteria 12: The contribution to river system or basin integrity. 

There is one designated Wild and Scenic River within the Umpqua River watershed (North Umpqua 

River, designated in 1988). There are no current legislative proposals for additional federal protection of 

the Umpqua River or its tributaries.

Criteria 13: The potential for water resources development. 

No plans for water resource projects in the Umpqua were identified during this study. There was an 

existing dredging program near Reedsport that was shut down in 2009. The program was associated with 

gravel mining. It is unknown whether this effort would continue in the future. The potential for a 

hydropower facility along the Umpqua is non-existent though there is the potential for bridge construction 

over the Umpqua, most likely replacement of an existing bridge.
Wild & Scenic Rivers Suitability Report – Southwest Oregon

201 | Page

Umpqua River Suitability Determination 

Based on the information contained in this study, the BLM Roseburg District finds the Umpqua River to 

be non-suitable for inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The makeup of this 

segment hinders the BLM’s ability to manage it effectively as a WSR. The BLM-managed portions of the 

segment are fragmented and the overall percentage of federal ownership within the river corridor is 

extremely low. In addition, it has been determined that one or more non-compatible land uses exists 

within the river corridor. Therefore, it has been determined that wild and scenic river designation would 

not be best method for protection of the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality, and outstandingly 

remarkable recreation values.