RENDERED: FEBRUARY 3, 2023; 10:00 A.M.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky

Court of Appeals

NO. 2022-CA-0591-ME

BRETT LUCKABAUGH APPELLANT 

v. 

APPEAL FROM WARREN CIRCUIT COURT

HONORABLE DAVID A. LANPHEAR, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 22-D-00015-001

MARCIA LUCKABAUGH APPELLEE 

OPINION

AFFIRMING

**   **  **

BEFORE: CETRULO, DIXON, AND EASTON, JUDGES.

EASTON, JUDGE: Brett Luckabaugh (“Brett”) appeals from the Warren Circuit

Court’s order, entered on March 16, 2022, which granted an order of protection, 

specifically a domestic violence order (“DVO”), to his mother, the Appellee, 

Marcia Luckabaugh (“Marcia”). Appellant argues the circuit court erred by 

entering the DVO. Finding no error, we affirm.
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I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On December 29, 2021, Marcia filed a petition for order of protection 

in the Marshall Family Court against her son, Brett. In the petition, Marcia alleges 

Brett threatened to kill her during a phone call, which took place on December 25, 

2021. The Marshall Family Court granted an emergency protective order on 

December 29, 2021, and that court set a hearing for January 11, 2022. 

On January 4, 2022, an order transferring was entered, sending the 

case to Warren County. There is no indication of any objection to this transfer. 

Brett had not been served with the initial summons. The Warren Family Court 

issued a subsequent summons with a new court date of January 19, 2022. Brett 

was served with this summons on January 7, 2022. 

After a first continuance at the request of Brett’s counsel and a second 

continuance due to illness of Marcia’s counsel, the court held an evidentiary 

hearing on March 16, 2022. Both parties testified. After the evidentiary hearing, 

the trial court granted Marcia a DVO against Brett for six (6) months, to expire on 

September 16, 2022. In addition to AOC Form 275.3, the trial court issued 

findings of fact and conclusions of law, which stated the court announced its 

findings of fact and conclusions of law on the record and incorporated them into 

the written order. 
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II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the issuance of a DVO by the trial court for abuse of 

discretion. Johnston v. Johnston, 639 S.W.3d 428, 431 (Ky. App. 2021). The trial 

court’s findings of fact shall not be set aside unless they were clearly erroneous. 

Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (“CR”) 52.01. A trial court’s findings of fact 

are not clearly erroneous if supported by substantial evidence. Moore v. Asente, 

110 S.W.3d 336, 354 (Ky. 2003). 

We note Marcia did not file a brief after her counsel withdrew from

his representation of her in this matter, although she did file a pro se document. 

We are permitted discretion in how to address this failure under RAP1 31(H)(3).

We decline to sanction Marcia for failure to file a brief. The factual and legal 

issues were fairly presented by the record itself, which was not voluminous. 

III. ANALYSIS

Brett argues the trial court erred in granting the DVO. His argument 

is two-fold. First, the trial court was influenced by inappropriate bias or prejudice 

when assessing the credibility of the parties. Second, the facts do not support a 

finding that domestic violence is likely to occur in the future. 

We find no basis for Brett’s assertion the trial court demonstrated any 

bias or prejudice during the proceedings. Brett relies upon one particular remark

1 Kentucky Rules of Appellate Procedure. 
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made by the judge after the hearing when the judge explained his reasoning for his 

decision: “I don’t know of any reason why a mother would create a fiction that her 

child intended to kill her. I just, I cannot . . . I cannot imagine that.” Brett argues 

this statement illustrates an inherent bias applied to this case. We disagree.

First, we will not usually address issues not raised with the trial court. 

Regional Jail Authority v. Tackett, 770 S.W.2d 225, 228 (Ky. 1989). Brett did not 

seek recusal of the judge after the supposedly offending comment. Even if 

considered, the single statement, taken out of the context of the entire statement of 

the court does not show a sufficient bias to justify disqualification. The court’s 

comments would have to be of such a nature to indicate a fair decision by the court 

was impossible. Brown v. Commonwealth, 297 S.W.3d 557, 563-64 (Ky. 2009).

The comment was not made at the beginning of the court’s 

comments. It was made after approximately seven minutes of explanation. It was 

followed by the judge commenting on Marcia’s lack of motive to make up the 

allegation, not the motive of all mothers. The record here does not support any 

finding of partiality or bias to justify the relief Brett requests. 

 As for Brett’s second contention, we begin with the requirements for 

a valid order of protection. “A trial court is authorized to issue a DVO if it ‘finds 

by a preponderance of the evidence that domestic violence and abuse has occurred 

and may again occur[.]’” Castle v. Castle, 567 S.W.3d 908, 915 (Ky. App. 2019). 
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Domestic violence includes not just acts of violence but words or actions creating a 

fear of such violence. KRS 403.720(2)(a). In the present case, the trial court filled 

out AOC Form 275.3, and checked the box under “Additional Findings” which 

stated: “For the Petitioner against the Respondent in that it was established, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, that an act(s) of domestic violence and abuse . . . 

has occurred and may again occur[.]”

The trial court made additional oral findings on the record, which 

were then incorporated into written findings of fact and conclusions of law, also 

dated March 16, 2022. The Court has reviewed these oral findings. The oral 

statements support the written summary. Brett admits he was very angry during 

the phone call at issue. Brett admits he called Marcia a bitch as well as using a 

more vulgar term of a c***. Brett further admits he told Marcia to f*** herself. 

While Brett denied the spoken statement of an intent to kill Marcia, he admits he 

told her it was “nice knowing you.” He admits expressing frustration over people 

talking about his friend Dan. Marcia testified the threat to kill was related to 

anyone who might say something about Dan. 

The trial court was entitled to accept any part of the testimony as true. 

In doing so, the trial court here could accept Brett’s admission of being very angry 

and making various insults. The judge could also accept Marcia’s statement of the 

threat to kill. Marcia also commented on the influence of Brett’s friend Dan as a 
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reason to believe the threats would be repeated. It was supposed comments about 

Dan which led to the first threat. Given the anger in the situation and the history 

between these parties, including a recent hospitalization of Brett for mental health 

observation upon Marcia’s petition, the judge was justified in finding the required 

likelihood of further threats being made. 

When reviewing an order of protection, “the test is not whether we 

would have decided it differently, but whether the court’s findings were clearly 

erroneous or that it abused its discretion.” Gomez v. Gomez, 254 S.W.3d 838, 842 

(Ky. App. 2008). We give great deference to the trial courts as the finders of fact. 

“It has long been held that the trier of fact has the right to believe the evidence 

presented by one litigant in preference to another.” Commonwealth v. Anderson, 

934 S.W.2d 276, 278 (Ky. 1996). “The trier of fact may take into consideration all 

the circumstances of the case, including the credibility of the witness[es].” Id. The 

trial court acted within its discretion in this case. 

IV. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Warren Family Court.

ALL CONCUR. 
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BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:

Tim Hendrix

Bowling Green, Kentucky 

NO BRIEF FOR APPELLEE.