Vital and

Health Statistics

Supplements to the

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report:

Advance Reports, 1988

Series 24:

Compilations of Data on Natality,

Mortality, Marriage, Divorce, and

Induced Terminations of Pregnancy

No. 5

These supplements to the AAonfhlyWta/Sfatkfbs Reporl present summary

tabulations from final natality, marriage, and divorce statistics for 1988,

Natality data are based on information from the standard certificates

filed in all States and the District of Columbia, Marriage and divorce data

are based on information from the martiage- and divorce-registration

areas, These reports were originally published in 1990 and 1991, More

detailed tabulations are published in V/ta/Statistics of the L/n/tedStates

annual volumes,

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsvllle, Maryiand

October 1996

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 96-1955
I

I

I

I

I

Netiamlcaltwior Hedttlst@MicB. suppkInemto ttlenKmultyvital statisb

-~mPaft% w90.Natbnalc+3ntErfuHeanhsmtMlcs.vildHdltl

Stat 24(S). 18W
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. SondiL Ph.D., Director

Jack R. Anderson, Deputy Director

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemiology, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Planning and

Extramural Programs

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Associate Director for

International Statistics

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for DataProcessing

and Services

Kenneth W. Harris, Acting Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Division of Vital Statistics

Mary Anne Freedman, Director

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Deputy Director

Robert Bilgrad, Special Assistant to the Director

Robert J. Amstrong, Actuarial Adviser

Harry M. Rosenberg, Ph.D., ChieJ Mortality Statistz2s Branch

Robert L. Heuser, Chiej Natali@, Marriage, and Divorce

Statistics Branch

George A. Gay, ChieJ Registration Methods Branch

William D. Mosher, Ph.D., Chiej Family Growth Survey Branch

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Acting Chiej Followback Survey Branch

Ronald Chamblee, Chief Technical Services Branch

Robert J. Armstrong, Acting Chiej Statistical Resources Branch

Nicholas F. Pace, Acting Chiej Systems and Programming Branch
Advance report of final natality statistics, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vol.39, No. 4, Slqq)

Advance report of final marriage statistics, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. 40, No. 4, Supp

Advance report of final divorce statistics, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vol.39, No. 12, fhq)p2

...

Ill
Vol. 39, No. 4, Supplement. August 15, 1990

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report !

Final Data From the National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1988

Contents

Numbers and rates . . . . . . I

Geographic areas . . . . . . . . 5

Sex ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Dayofweek . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Place of delivery

and attendant . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Ageof father . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Weight at birth . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Multiple births . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Unmarried mothers . . . . . . . 7

Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Hispanic births. . . . . . . . . . . 8

Specified race . . . . . . . . . ..lo

Prenatal care . . . . . . . . . . ..lo

Prenatal visits . . . . . . . . . . ..li

Gestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ll

Apgarscore . . . . . . . . . . . ..ll

References . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l3

List oftables . . . . . . . . . . . ..l4

Technical notes. . . . . . . ...46

Births and birth rates

There were 3,909,510 babies born

in the United States in 1988, a

3-percent increase over the 19S7 total

(3,809,394) (table 1). The number of

births is expected to increase by about

3 percent again in 19S9, according to

provisional statistics.

The birth rate for 19S8 was 15.9

live births per 1,000 population, 2 percent higher than the rate for 19S7

(15.7). Since 1979, the birth rate has

varied little, ranging from 15.5 to 15.9.

Provisional data for 1989 indicate a

2-percent rise over the 19SS rate.

The fertility rate, which relates the

number of births to women of childbearing age, rose 2 percent in 19SS.

The 19SS rate of 67.2 Iive births per

1,000 women aged 15-44 years was the

highest ‘it has been since 19S2 (67.3).

(See table 1 and figure 1.) A 2-percent

increase in the fertility rate is indicated

for 19S9 according to provisional data.

Age-specific birth rates for women

aged 1544 years rose in 19SS by 2–9

percent. Increases of 2–3 percent were

noted for women in age groups 1S-34

years. Larger increases of G-9 percent

were measured for young teenagers

15–17 and for women 35-44 years. (See

tables 2-4 for births and birth rates by

age of mother and figure 2 for birth

rates by age of mother.)

The birth rate for young teenagers

15–17 years increased 6 percent. The

19SS rate of 33.S was higher than in any

year since 1977 (33.9). The rate for

older teens, 1S-19 years, increased

2 percent between 19S7 and 19SS, to

S1.7. The rate for this age group has

fluctuated within a narrow range of 7S

to 82 since 1976.

Birth rates for women in their

twenties increased slightly in 19SS (by

2 percent) to 111.5 for women aged

20-24 and to 113.4 for women aged

25–29 years. These rates ako have varied Iittle since the early to middle

1970’s. Rates for women aged 20-24

years have ranged from 107.3 to 115.1

since 1975, while rates for women aged

25–29 have ranged from 106.2 to 113.4

since 1973. The rate of 113.4 in 19SS

for women aged 25–29 years was the

highest for this group since 1972

(117.7).

Women in age groups 30-44 years

are the only ones for whom there has

been a steady increase in birth rates

over a sustained period of time. The

birth rate for women aged 30-34 years

increased 3 percent to 73.7 per 1,000 in

19%3, higher than it has been for

20 years (74.2 in 196S). This rate has

risen 41 percent since 1975 (52.3).

The rate for women aged 35-39

years rose 6 percent to 27.9 in 19SS,the

highest it has been since 1971 (2S.7).

This rate has increased 43 percent since

1975. The largest annual increase in

birth rates was for women aged 4044

# +‘E’’v’ct$//&

‘Jg

*

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES *

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control

-G National Center for Health Statistics

~J

%

>

Manning Feinleib, M. D., Dr. P.H., Director

%’%’J7a
5 “ 200

180

4 160

\Jl

140

3 -

... ..c

.-

-. . . ..” — “%-,..

....

120

... ....

.,..... ....

....

~.-. ..

........

...O

...

.:

%

~.,c

~..

-.. %4 100

-.

..

,...., .. %,

.... . .. : %,

%.. ,.- “... ... -c ....

.

2

.. ,..

..

....... .. .... ... . +

.. 80

:

...

,..

................”.............. .....

Rate 60

1 40

20

0 1[1 111111 I IIlltlfl 1111 11111 111111111 111111111 I 1!1 I 1111 1111 II I I I o

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

NOTE Begintirg wMl S59, trerM ~meswebmed mr~kterd live titis; treti~mes for192M9am ktion~~e Ntihs#justd fwunderregistrtimn.

Figurel, Live births and fertility rates: United States, 1920-88

years. Although the rate for this group

is very low, it has increased substantially in the past few years. The 1988

rate of 4.8 births per 1,000 was 9 percent higher than in 1987 (4.4) and

20 percent higher than in 1985 (4.0).

The increases for women in their

thirties and early forties reflect the continuing trend of women postponing

childbearing to increasingly older ages

(l). Despite the substantial increases in

rates for these women, their rates continue to be well below those for womer~

in their twenties (tables 3 and 4). As a

result, the general fertility rate has

changed very little since the mid-1970’s

(table 1).

It is not possible to account for the

recent rise in rates for young teenagers

from birth certificate data, but data

from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth show that the proportion of

young teenagers who are sexually experienced has increased considerably in

recent years (2),

Data on childlessness and educa- considerably from 1975 to 1985 (from

tional attainment can be used to interpret the trends for relatively older

women. As reported elsewhere (l), levels of childlessness among American

women have risen sharply in recent

years. Of women reaching age 30 by the

end of 1988, 31 percent had not had any

children compared with just 19 percent

of women aged 30 in 1975. Surveys

show, however, that about half of the

childless women in their early thirties

exTect to have at least one child (3).

Birth data according to mother’s

educational attainment have shown

clearly that women delaying childbearing to relatively older ages are disproportionately highly educated. In 1988,

47 percent of women aged 30-34 years

having their first child were college

graduates compared with 7 percent of

women aged 20–24 and 33 percent of

women aged 25–29 years, Furthermore, the first-birth rate for college

graduates aged 30-34 years rose

20 to 36 per 1,000), while the ra~e for

highly educated women in their early

twenties dropped from 40 to 29 (1,4).

These figures suggest trends observed

since the mid-1 970’s which indicate that

younger, highly educated women have

been postponing childbearing while

their older counterparts have been

making up for the childbearing they

had previously postponed.

The number of births in a given age

group reflects both the level of the agespecific birth rate and the number of

women in the age group. The total

number of women in the childbearing

ages (15-44 years) increased 22 percent between 1975 and 1988. All of this

increase, however, is attributable to the

45-percent rise in the number or

women aged 25-44 years. Women[ age

25–44 in 1988 were born during the

baby boom after World War II. The

number of women aged 15-24 years

declined 8 percent during this period;
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 3

4ca 4eo

300 - - 3W

......................... ......... .

:...

I

“....,.*

..

2’%=-----”’ .’”- 2W

1......-

80

70

1==

60 ----

50

40 1- 30

20 L

‘---** -...

-\ [.””””..............’ya’s

%

~

...

..

‘-. *.--W

+,

25-29 years \ ‘........

\

--:.

“%.

\,

\.

>

“-

.- .- ._. \*

+

“%.-:

--

-\\

\\

‘\

%\

+-

‘\

‘\ -9 \ ,years

\

%

I - --’+___ --~

‘-

--=

- \

\

\

\

10

9

-

- \\L\

\

8

\

-\

7 –

\

\

\

6

\_

\

\

5 -

\\

-.

4

3 ‘

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

— 30

//”

~ ---

/--

--.”

--------

20

10

9

8

7

6

40-44 5

.Jeam

___ -/”’”

----- 4 ----- -

I I I I I II I I i I I 3

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 193Q

NOTE Bsgirrnlrrgwith 19S9,trend lima am bssed on rsgisterad live tirlhx trsnd lines for 19SS-5Ssra based cmlive birihs adjmtad ior rrmkmegislratii.

Figure 2. Birth rates by age of mothe~ United States 1955-68

women aged 15-24 in 1988 were born

after the baby boom had ended.

As a consequence of the shift in the

levels of birth rates by age and the

changes in the age distribution of

women of childbearing age, the proportion of all births occurring to teenagers

has falIen while the proportion occurring to women aged 25 years and older

has risen. Teenage mothers accounted

m13 percent of all births in 1988 comgared with 19 percent in 1975. Women

aged 25 years and older accounted for

60 percent of all births in 1988, up

sharply from the 46-percent level observed in 1975. As the relatively small

number of women now aged 15–24

years reaches ages 20-29 (the peak

ages of childbearing), and women born

during the baby boom reach the postchildbearing ages, the total number of

births could stabilize or even decline,

unless birth rates by age rise

substantially.

Birth rates increased for all birth

orders but one in 1988. The increases

were larger as birth order advanced

from the first through the seventh child

(tables 3 and 5 and figure 3), The increases ranged from 1-2 percent for

first- and second-birth orders to 7-13

percent for fifth- to seventh-birth orders.

Although the first-birth rate rose just

1 percent, the number of first births in

1988 increased 2 percent, to 1,595,587,

the highest number ever recorded in

the United States. (See table 5 for rates

for 1980-88.) From 1983 to 1987 there

had been relatively littIe change in the

rates by live-birth order (figure 3).

First-birth rates increased 5 percent for young teenagers 15–17 years,

1 percent for ages 18–24, 4 percent for

ages 25–34, and 10 percent for ages 35-

39 years. The first-birth rate also rose

for women aged 40-44 years, This pattern of increase was observed in

second-order birth rates by age as well,
40

30

20

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

t

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

L

.. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ..- .,

. . . . . . “...,.

.—— ---

-.. .

... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

+-+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ao .“-. ’...... .. ..

. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .......

--w

.-”------- .- .-

\ .

/-- \\

.. —— - :1

.%. \

‘---- ----

-.

-------- -------- -----

-. * 20

.\.

\

x.

10

~.--_--_. !3

[3

v

y

+

6

5

~’ 4.

L

‘\ =....I ~, 4

\

-...\

\

L

... \ 3

... \

\\

“%...1,

.-,.\

\ .. \

\ .. \

\ %.. \ \ 2

\ .. x

J+

\

....

\

.\..

.. k-. = --

Y

.. -

5

0

\ .“.”...

b---- ---4

\

\\ ...........

\

............

...

6 and 7

1

L

...

................

N % .... J

0.9 t

i, i

.............4.”-

\

\

\

\

\

\

\

\

\

--- --

‘,8 and over

I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I r I I [ I I I I ~ LA ..J_A I 1

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

NOTE Begiinir?g wlUr 1959, Irend ~hx am based on r@ter@d live bi-tFIs; WWKI lines Idr 1955-59 are based on We btis adjusted for urderregklrathn.

Figure 3. Birth rates by live-birth order: United States, 1955-338

with relatively small increases (l–3

percent) for women 18-34 years and

considerably larger increases of 8 percent or more for women aged 35J14

years.

Birth rates by live-birth order for

women in age groups 18-29 years were

at about the same levels in 1988 as they

were in 1980. Rates for first- through

third-order births for women aged

30–44 years, however, were all substantially higher in 1988 than in 1980. Rates

for fifth and higher order births were

lower in 1988 than in 1980. Many

women who had evidently been delaying childbearing to relatively older ages

have started their families in recent

years (l). The much faster rise since

1980 in first-birth rates for women aged

35–39 and 40-44 years than for women

aged 30–34 indicates that the tendency

to make up for previously postponed

births is accelerating among older

women. Further, many of these women

in their late thirties and early forties are

going onto have a second or third child;

these rates were 47–120 percent higher

in 1988 than in 1980. The making up of

previously postponed childbearing has

been underway since the mid-1970’s.

Although about half of childless

women in their early thirties expect to

have at least one child (3), it is likely

that some of these women will remain

childless. The increasing proportion of

women who are unmarried (whether

never married, widowed, or divorced) is

likely to keep the incidence of childlessness elevated for many of them. Additionally, fertilily impairments are more

prevalent among older couples, according to data from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth (5). It may bc

more difficult to treat some fertilityimpairing conditions among older

women (6).

The fertility rate for black women

in 1988 was 86.6 births per 1,000
~.omen aged 15+4 years, 37 percent

ejher than the rate for white women,

~.O. Except for the rates for women

aged 30-34 years, birth rates for black

women were higher than for white

women in every age group (table 4).

Birth rates for black women under

25 years were substantially higher than

the rates for white women of the same

age. Rates. for black women aged 25-29

and 35–39 years, however, were only

1-2 percent higher than the rates for

comparably aged white women. The

rate for white women aged 30-34

(72.9) was 10 percent higher than the

rate for black women (66.0).

For women aged 18-34 years, rates

rose at a somewhat faster pace between

1987 and 1988 for black than for white

women. In contrast, in age groups

15–17 and 35-44 years, rates for white

women rose more than for black

women (table 4). Rates for first

through third order births increased

between 1987 and 1988 more for black

than for white women; the reverse was

*rue for fifth- and sixth and seventh-

.der birth rates. Increases in fourthmder rates were virtually the same for

white and black women (table 5).

The total fertility rate is a measure

that indicates how many births 1,000

women would have if they experienced

throughout their childbearing years the

set of age-specific birth rates obsewed

in a given calendar year. It is a hypothetical measure that shows the implications of current fertility levels for

completed family size. Because the

total fertility rate is computed from

age-specific birth rates and assumes the

same number of women in each age

group, it is an age-adjusted rate.

The total fertility rate increased

3 percent in 1988 to 1,932.0 (table 4).

The 198S rate was the highest it has

been since 1972 (2,010,0), This increase reflects the 2-9-percent increases in birth rates in 5-year age

groups for women 15–44 years, The

rate of 1,932.0 is 8 percent below the

level considered necessary for a given

meration to exactly replace itself in

,e population over the long run

(2,110). The total fertility rate has been

below replacement level since 1971.

The total fertility rate for white

women increased to 1,814.0 in 1988,

3 percent higher than in 1987 (1,766.5)

and higher than in any year since 1972

(1,906.5). The rate for black women increased 5 percent from 2,294.0 in 1987

to 2,402.0 in 1988; the 1988 rate was

higher than it has been since 1973

(2,411.0).

Geographic division and State

The number of births increased in

all nine geographic divisions in 1988.

Increases were 1 percent or less in four

divisions (East North Central, West

North Central, West South Central,

and Mountain), 2–3 percent in the New

England, Middle Atlantic, and East

South Central divisions, and 4-5 percent in the South Atlantic and Pacific

divisions. (See table 6 for 1988 data.)

There were increases in 35 States and

the District of Columbia and declines in

15 States.

The birth rate per 1,000 total population rose by 1 percent in the East

North Central, East South Central, and

West South Central divisions; by 2 percent in the New England and South Atlantic divisions; and by 3 percent in the

Middle Atlantic and Pacific divisions.

There was no change in the birth rate

for the West North-Central and Mountain divisions. Rates rose by up to

4 percent in 32 States and the District

of Columbia. Declines of 1-4 percent

were reported for 15 States. Rates for

three States did not change.

The fertility rate per 1,000 women

aged 15-44 years increased in all geographic divisions. Increases were 1 percent in the East North Central, West

North Central, West South Central,

and Mountain divisions; 2 percent in

the East South Central division; 3 percent in the New England, Middle

Atlantic, and South Atlantic divisions;

and 4 percent in the Pacific division.

Rates rose by up to 6 percent in 36

States and the District of Columbia.

Declines of up to 5 percent were observed in 13 States. There was no

change in the rate for Nebraska.

Birth and fertility rates vary considerably from State to State. In 1988 the

birth rate ranged from a low of 11.6 for

West Virginia to a high of 21.4 for

Alaska. West Virginia also had the lowest fertility rate, 50.3; the highest rate

reported was for Utah, 92.0.

Sex ratio

In 1988, the sex ratio was 1,050

males per 1,000 females, the same as in

1987 (table 7). This ratio has remained

very stable for the last two decades,

ranging between 1,050 and 1,055 since

1970.

The sex ratio varies considerably by

race, with the ratio for white births consistently higher than that for black

births. In 1988, the ratio for white

births was 1,053, almost the same as in

1987 (1,054); for black births the ratio

was 1,033, somewhat above the 1987

level of 1,028. The ratios for white and

black births have both remained relatively stable. Since 1970, the ratio for

white births has ranged bejsveen 1,053

and 1,059 and for black births, between

1,024 and 1,034.

Month of birth

In 10 of the 12 months of 1988,

monthly birth rates were above the

rates observed in 1987, and in the remaining 2 months, the rates were the

same; in every month, the fertility rates

for 1988 were higher than those for

1987. The peak months for the number

of births and for birth and fertility rates

were July, August, and September, a

pattern observed for many years (table

8). Underlying trends in the monthly

birth and fertility rates can be discerned

more easily by removing the seasonal

component. On average, the seasonally

adjusted birth and fertility rates were

higher for the second half of 1988 than

for the first half of the year, Provisional

data for 1989 indicate a similar pattern;

seasonally adjusted rates for July–

December are higher than those for

January-June.

Day of week

Births are concentrated on Mondays through Fridays with concomitant

deficits on weekends, particularly Sundays, and on holidays (table 9),

The index of occurrence of births

can be used to examine this pattern

more closely, The index is defined as

the ratio of the average number of

births occurring on a given day of the

week to the average daily number of

births for the year, mukiplied by 100.

Thus, an index of 100.0 represents the
average number of births per day,

10,682 in 1988. The index was 109.3 for

Tuesday, the peak day of occurrence,

and 81.9 for Sunday, the day with the

smallest numbet of births. The differential between the Tuesday and Sunday

birth indices remained unchanged from

the 1987 level of 34 percent. This is the

first time since 1980, the earliest year

for which these indices are available,

that this differential has not increased.

The index for Thursday increased in

1988 making it almost the same as the

indices for Wednesday and Friday.

This pattern of a weekend deficit

has been attributed in part to the proportions of deliveries by cesarean section (24.7 percent in 1988) (7). Many of

these deliveries are scheduled in advance and are unlikely to be scheduled

on weekends or holidays.

Place of delivery and attendant

at birth

In 1988, the proportion of infants

who were born in hospitals was the

same as in 1987, 99.1 percent (tables

10-12). For white births, the proportion remained unchanged from 1987, at

99.0 percent. However, among black

births, this proportion declined slightly

from 99.4 percent to 99.3 percent. The

vast majority of hospital births were attended by physicians, 96.7 percent, but

this proportion again has declined, following the trend of the past several

years.

Although midwives attended only

3.4 percent of births in 1988, the number of midwife-attended births has

more than quadrupled, rising from

29,413 in 1975 to 132,670 in 1988. Most

of this increase can be attributed to the

increase in the number of midwife-attended births in hospitals. The number

of births attended by midwives in the

hospital was five times as high in 1988

(115,886) as in 1975 (19,686), while the

number in nonhospital settings rose 73

percent, from 9,727 to 16,784 over the

same period.

Black babies were more likely than

white babies to have been attended by

midwives when the birth occurred in

the hospital, 3.6 percent compared with

2.7 percent in 1988. Conversely, white

babies were more likely than black babies to have been altcndcd by midwives

in nonhospital settings, 52 percent compared with 11 percent.

Age of father

The birth rate for men rose 1.6

percent between 1987 and 1988, from

55.0 to 55.9 live births per 1,000 men

15–54 years of age, the highest rate

since 1982. The rate for white men rose

1.0 percent from the 1987 level of 50.9

to 51.4, and for black men 3.1 percent

from 79.5 to 82.0. Numbers of births

classified by age of mother and father

are shown in table 13, and trends in

birth rates by age of father and race of

child are shown in table 14.

Between 1987 and 1988, rates increased in every age group for both

white and black men (with no difference in rates for men 55 years and

over), although there was no consistent

pattern in the magnitude of these increases. For white men, increases were

largest at ages 15–19 (7 percent) and

40-54 years (4–5 percent). The increases for black men were largest at

ages 15–24 (6-8 percent) and 45–54

years (4-5 percent).

Weight at birth

In 1988, although the overall rate

of low birth weight remained unchanged from the 1987 level (6.9 percent), the already substantial racial

disparity increased further. Low birth

weight is defined as birth weight of less

than 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces).

Among black births, the incidence of

low birth weight increased from 12.7

percent in 1987 to 13.0 percent, the

highest level since 1976; the rate for

white infants fell from 5.7 percent in

1987 to 5.6 percent in 1988. (Data for

1988 are shown in table 15.)

A major reason for the lack of improvement in the percent of low-birthweight babies during the 1980’s was the

steady rise in the proportion of preterm

births during this period (8). Between

1981 and 1988, this proportion rose

from 9.4 percent to 10.2 percent. Almost 40 percent of all preterm births in

1988 were of low birth weight.

There was no particular pattern in

the changes in low birth weight by age

of mother between 1987 and 1988 for

white babies. The proportion of low

birth-weight babies declined for whit

mothers aged 17–19 years and 25–29

years by 1-4 percent; increased for

mothers under 16 years, 35–39 years,

and 45-49 year% and remained unchanged for other ages. Among black

babies, there were increases in

low-birth-weight levels of 4–22 percent

for mothers aged 25 years and over.

The only reductions were for black babies born to mothers under 15 years or

those 18 years old; other teenage mothers had increased rates ranging from

1–2 percent. There was no change for

the 20-24-year age group.

The incidence of low birth weight is

associated with mother’s age. Babies

born to teenagers and to mothers 40

years and over are at the greatest risk

of being low birth weight (8.2-13.6 percent). Mothers 25–29 and 30-34 years

are least likely to have a low-birthweight baby (6.1–6.3 percent).

The overall median weight at birth

was 3,370 grams (equivalent to 7

pounds 7 ounces). The median birt’

weight for white infants was 3,42L

grams (7 pounds 9 ounces) and for

black babies, 3,180 grams (7 pounds);

these medians have remained unchanged since 1984.

The numbers and proportions of

low-birth-weight babies for each State

are shown in table 16. Between 1987

and 1988, levels of low birth weight

among white babies increased in 16

States and the District of Columbia and

declined in 24 States; no changes were

observed in 10 States. Among the 37

States and the District of Columbia

with at least 1,000 black births in 1988,

the proportions of low-birth-weight

black infants increased in 24 States and

the District of Columbia, fell in 12

States, and did not change in 1 State.

Multiple births

The number of infants born in multiple deliveries increased again in 1988,

reaching 87,700, a 5-percent increase

over the number in 1987 (83,917) com

pared with a 3-percent increase in singleton births. (Data for 1988 are shown

in table 17.) Multiple births include

twins, triplets, quadruplets, ancl higher

order plural births. Each year the vast
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 7

majority of multiple births are twin deliveries, 85,315 in 19%3,or 97.3 percent

~f all multiple births.

The multiple-birth ratio in 1988

was 22.4 live births in multiple deliveries per 1,000 total live births, 2 percent

higher than in 1987 (22.0). Between the

late 1950’s and the early 1970’s, the

overall multiple-birth ratio decreased,

falling from 20.6 (195S) to 1S.4 (1973).

Since 1973, the ratio has increased

fairly steadily. The ratio has been consistently higher for black babies than

for white babies. In 1988, the ratios

were 22.0 and 25.8 for white and black

infants, respectively, both 2 percent

higher than in 1987.

Multiple-birth ratios also vary according to age of mother. The highest

ratio was for mothers ages 35–39 years,

30.5 in 1988. Ratios for other age

groups ranged from 13.3 for mothers

45–49 years to 27.5 for mothers 30-34

years. These differences by age group

were observed for both white and black

babies, and the ratios for black births

were higher than those for white births

for almost every age group.

The number of infants born in triplet and higher order plural deliveries

rose again, from 2,139 in 19S7 to 2,385

in 198S, a 12-percent increase. The proportion of all multiple births that were

triplet or higher order plural births also

increased, from 2.5 percent in 1987 to

2.7 percent in 19SS.

This increasing incidence of multiple births in recent years may be

associated with postponement of childbearing and the increasing use of

fertility drugs. As noted previously, a

growing number of mothers are delaying chiklbearing to relatively older ages,

ages at which they are more likely to

have a multiple birth. Moreover, the

increasing usc of fertility drugs to enable previously childless couples to

have children is associated with an increased chance of multiple births (9).

Births to unmarried women

More than 1 million babies were

~orn to unmarried mothers in 1988.

The 1988 total of 1,005,299 births was

8 percent higher than in 19S7 (933,013)

and 51 percent greater than in 1980

(665,747). All measures of childbearing

bv unmarried women reached record

levels in 1988, continuing a trend of

substantial increases in recent years.

(See tables 18 and 19.) The rate per

1,000 unmarried women aged 1544

years increased to 3S.6 in 1988, 7 percent higher than in 1987 (36.1) and 31

percent higher than in 1980 (29.4).

During this period of rapid increase in

nonmarital childbearing, childbearing

by married women has declined. Although the rate per 1,000 married

women aged 1544 years rose 1 percent

from 89.6 in 1987 to 90.3 in 1988, this

rate was still 7 percent below the 1980

level (97.0). The number of births to

married women rose 1 percent between

1987 and 1988 (to 2,904,211), but was

1 percent below the 1980 total. Because

the trends in marital and nonmarital

childbearing have diverged in the

1980’s, the proportion of all births to

unmarried women has risen sharply,

from 18.4 percent in 1980 to 25.7 percent in 1988.

Nonmarital childbearing increased

for both white and black women in

1988, but the increases were greater for

white women, continuing a pattern that

has been observed in recent years. The

number of births to unmarried white

women totaled 539,696 in 1988, 8 percent more than in 1987 and 69 percent

more than in 1980 (320,063). The number of babies born to unmarried black

women in 1988 was 426,665, 7 percent

above the 19S7 totaI and 31 percent

more than in 1980 (325,737).

Rates of nonmarital childbearing

and proportions of nonmarital births

among black women continue to be

substantiality higher than among white

women. In recent years, however, because the increases have been much

more rapid for white than for black

women, the differentials by race have

diminished, For example, the rate for

unmarried black women was 88.9 in

1988, about three times the rate for

unmarried white women, 26.6. In 1980,

the rate for black women (82.9) was

nearly five times that for white women

(17.6). Unmarried women accounted

for 17.7 percent of white births and

63.5 percent of black births in 1988.

The comparable proportions in 1980

were 11.0 percent of white births and

55.2 percent of black births.

Childbearing by unmarried women

is tvr)icallv associated with less favorable outcomes because high-risk

women, particularly teenagers, tend to

predominate among the mothers. In recent years, however, the largest increases in nonmarital childbearing have

occurred among relatively older

women. One-third of unmarried mothers were 25 years and older in 1988

compared with 24 percent in 1980. This

shift in the age distribution of unmarried mothers is attributable to two factors: The more rapid increase in birth

rates for older unmarried women compared with younger women and the

considerable rise in the number of unmarried women at relatively older ages.

Rates for unmarried women aged

25-39 years rose 41–54 percent between 1980 and 1988, while rates for

unmarried women under age 25 increased 29–39 percent. The highest incidence of births to unmarried mothers

continues, however, to be among

women aged 18–19 and 20–24 years,

with rates of 52.7 and 56.7 per 1,000,

respectively.

Women now aged 25–39 years

were born during the baby boom years

following World War H and have been

postponing marriage and children to a

great extent. Most women now in the

age group 15–24 years were born in the

years after the baby boom had ended,

years when the annual numbers of

births were substantially lower. Thus,

although the birth rates for younger unmarried women have increased since

1980, the impact of these increases on

overall levels of nonmarital births has

been lessened because the number of

these women has declined.

The pattern of more rapid increases in rates for older than for

younger unmarried women is generally

replicated in rates for white and for

black women, but the pace of increase

has been greater for white women. Between 1980 and 1988 increases in agespecific rates for white women aged

15-39 years were two to seven times

the increases for black women.

Levels of nonmarital childbearing

vary widely according to State of residence. The number and ratio of births

to unmarried women for each State, by

race of child, are shown in table 16.

With very few exceptions, the ratios per

1,000 tot al live births in each State were

higher in 1988 than in 1987.
Interval since last live birth

The interval since last live birth is

computed for all second and higher order births from the date of the last live

birth and the date of the present birth.

Since 1981,49 States and the District of

Columbia have reported this information; Texas did not report the date of

mother’s last live birth.

The proportions of births occurring

within various intervals following the

mother’s previous live birth have been

stable for several years. In 1988, 13 percent of all second and higher order

births occurred within 18 months of the

mother’s previous birth, 27 percent

within 2 years, and 51 percent within

3 years.

The substantial racial differential

observed over the years in the occurrence of births within very short intervals widened slightly in 1988. The

proportion of white births born within

18 months of the previous birth remained at 11 percent in 1988, while the

comparable proportion for black births

rose from 18 to 19 percent. (See

table 20 for 1988 data.)

Short intervals between births have

been found to be associated with higher

levels of low birth weight and other

health risks (10). For example, in 1988,

9 percent of babies born within

18 months of a previous birth were of

low birth weight compared with only

4.5–5.0 percent of babies born 1%-5

years after a previous birth. Likewise,

closely spaced births were more likely

to be characterized by low l-minute

Apgar scores (scores of less than 7).

The increased health risks for these

short birth intervals are in part associated with the greater likelihood that

these births occur among young mothers and black mothers whose babies are

at greater risk of low birth weight and

low Apgar scores. For example, although teenage mothers accounted for

only 7 percent of all second births in

1988, they accounted for 23 percent of

all second births occurring within

18 months of the mother’s previous live

birth. Likewise black women accounted

for a larger proportion of closely

spaced second births (20 percent) than

of all second births (16 percent).

Educational attainment of

mother and father

Since 1980, 47 States and the District of Columbia have reported educational attainment of the parents on the

birth certificates. Data have not been

available for California, Texas, and

Washington. In addition, in 1988 data

were not available for New York State

but were available for New York City.

In 1988 as in 1987, 80 percent of

mothers and 86 percent of fathers were

high school graduates. (Basic data are

presented in tables 21–22.) The proportion of fathers who were high school

graduates may be overstated as it was

based largely on information on births

to married parents. Often, when the

mother is unmarried, information on

the father is not provided on the birth

certificate. Presumably, because unmarried mothers are likely to be young

and therefore have had less opportunity

to pursue higher education, the same is

likely to be true of their male

counterparts.

The proportion of mothers in 1988

who had completed college remained at

the 1987 level of 18 percent. There was

a slight decline in the proportion of

mothers 30–34 years who were college

graduates, from 35 percent to 34 percent. Conversely, the proportion of college graduates among mothers in their

forties rose slightly from 34 to 35 percent. There was no change for younger

mothers or mothers in their late

thirties.

The proportion of college graduates was particularly high among older

mothers having a first birth. (Data are

not shown in this report.) For example,

among first-time mothers aged 30-34

years, 47 percent were college graduates, as well as 53 percent of new

mothers aged 35–39 years. More highly

educated women are postponing motherhood until after the prime childbearing years to pursue further education

and to settle into their careers (1,4).

The racial differential with regard

to educational attainment declined

slightly in 1988. The proportion of

white mothers with 12 years or more of

schooling decreased from the 1987

level of 83 percent to 82 percent in

1988, while the comparable proportion

for black mothers remained at the 1987

level of 69 percent. The proportions of

College graduates for these two racia

groups remained at the 1987 levels,

20 percent and 7 percent, respectively.

The median years of school completed by mothers increased only for

mothers aged 35 years and over; for

younger ages, the medians were unchanged from 1987. The same pattern

was observed for white mothers, while

no changes in medians were noted for

black mothers.

Births to Hispanic mothers

In 1988, 30 States and the iDistrict

of Columbia reported the Hispanic origin of the parents on the birth certificate. This was an increase of seven

States over the number reporting this

information during the years 1983-87.

(The seven new States are Alabama,

Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts,

Montana, North Carolina, and

Washington.) Based on data published

in a U.S. Bureau of the Census report

(11), an estimated 95 percent of the

U.S. Hispanic population resides in the

30 reporting States and the District of

Columbia.

The number of births to Hispanic

mothers in the reporting area totaled

449,604 in 1988 (table 23). Of these

births, 60 percent were to Mexican

mothers, 10 percent were to Puerto

Rican mothers, and 13 percent were to

Central and South American mothers.

Cuban mothers accounted for abol~t

2 percent of the Hispanic births.

Hispanic mothers as a group continue to be highly concentrated geographically; in addition, Mexican,

Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central and

South American births each are concentrated within a few States (table 23).

Ninety-two percent of Mexican births

occurred to residents of Arizona,

California, Illinois, and Texas; 89 percent of Puerto Rican births were to residents of Connecticut, Florida, Illinois,

Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New

York; 85 percent of Cuban births were

to residents of California, Florida, and

New Jersey; and 91 percent of Central

and South American births were to residents of California, Florida, New

Jersey, New York, and Texas.
\

In 1988, 95 percent of Hispanic

girths were white and 3 percent were

black (table 24). These proportions

have been essentially the same since

1978 when birth data for the Hispanic

population first became available.

There are substantial variations in the

racial composition of the individual

Hispanic groups.

Birth and fertility rates for the Hispanic population have been relatively

stable over the past several years, but

both rates increased 34 percent in

1988. The birth rate per 1,000 population was 24.1 in 1988, compared with

23.3 in 1987. The fertility rate per 1,000

women aged 15-44 years was 96.4 in

1988, compared with 93.0 in 1987.

(Rates for 1988 are shown in table 25.)

These rates were 54 and 47 percent

higher than rates for the non-Hispanic

population (15.7 and 65.7, respectively). The differential in rates between the Hispanic and non-Hispanic

populations has changed little since

1978 when the rates were first computed. (It is not possible to compute

birth and fertility rates for the

non-Hispanic population by race because the necessary population data for

the Hispanic reporting area are not

available.) Birth and fertility rates for

the Mexican population increased 3-4

percent in 1988, to 23.2 and 98.0, respectively. Because rates for other Hispanic groups are based on relatively

small populations, valid comparisons of

annual changes are not possible.

About 1 in 6 Hispanic-origin births

was to a teenaged mother in 1988, compared wilh 1 in 10 white non-Hispanic

births and nearly 1 in 4 black

non-Hispanic births (table 26). There

are wide variations in the incidence of

teenage childbearing among the various

Hispanic groups: 17–21 percent of

Mexican and Puerto Rican mothers

compared with 6-8 percent of Cuban

and Cent ral and South American

mothers. These relative levels of teenage childbearing have been observecl

for many years.

Age-specific birth rates for the Hispanic population computed in 1980,

based on census data, showed that the

fertility of Mexican women aged

20years and older was much higher

than that of other comparably aged

Hispanic or non-Hispanic women (12).

Although comparable rates cannot be

computed for years since 1980, related

data on the proportion of births of

fourth and higher orders (a measure of

the incidence of large families) suggest

that the high fertility of Mexican

women continued in 1988. Eighteen

percent of births to Mexican women

were fourth or higher order, compared

with 12 percent of Puerto Rican and

Central and South American births,

6-8 percent of Cuban and white nonHispanic births, and 14 percent of black

non-Hispanic births (table 27).

The incidence of childbearing by

unmarried mothers increased among

Hispanic and non-Hispanic women in

1988. One-third of all Hispanic births

and one-quarter of aIl non-Hispanic

births were to unmarried women. The

proportions for individual Hispanic

groups differed considerably 31 percent, Mexican; 53 percent, Puerto

Rican; 16 percent, Cuban; and 36 percent, Central and South American.

Fifteen percent of white non-Hispanic

births and 64 percent of black

non-Hispanic births were to unmarried

women (table 27).

Except for Cuban women, Hispanic mothers are much less likely than

non-Hispanic mothers to have completed high school. In 1988, 58 percent

of all Hispanic women giving birth were

high school graduates compared with

83 percent of white non-Hispanic and

69 percent of black non-Hispanic

mothers. Educational attainment varies

considerably among the individual Hispanic groups-43 percent of Mexican

mothers, 55 percent of Puerto Rican

mothers, 82 percent of Cuban mothers,

and 68 percent of Central and South

American mothers were high school

graduates (table 27).

Forty-three percent of all Hispanic

women giving birth in 1988 were born

in the United States, and 57 percent

were foreign or Puerto Rican born. The

proportion born in the United States

varied widely among the Hispanic

groups—41 percent, Mexican; 53 percent, Puerto Rican; 17 percent, Cuban;

and 4 percent, Central and South

American. Differentials in childbearing characteristics of native and

foreign-born Hispanic mothers have

been reported elsewhere (13).

The proportion of Hispanic

mothers who received prenatal care beginning in the fiist trimester of pregnancy was 61 percent in 1988, the same

level as for black non-Hispanic

mothers, but considerably below the

level for white non-Hispanic mothers

(82 percent). Cuban mothers were

more likely than any other group to receive early care in 1988 (83 percent).

The proportions of Hispanic women

beginning care in the first trimester

were 58 percent for Mexican women

and 63 percent for Puerto Rican and

Central and South American women

(table 27).

Consistent with the relatively low

levels of early care among most Hispanic women, these women were much

more likely to receive care beginning in

the third trimester or to have no care at

all. In 1988, 12 percent of all Hispanic

mothers received late or no prenatal

care compared with 4 percent of white

non-Hispanic and 11 percent of black

non-Hispanic mothers. The proportions for individual Hispanic groups

ranged from 4 percent (Cuban

mothers) to 10-14 percent (Mexican,

Puerto Rican, and Central and South

American mothers).

High proportions of teenage

mothers, low levels of educational attainment, and less timely receipt of prenatal care are generally associated with

a relatively high incidence of low birth

weight. This is not the case for Mexican

and Central and South American

mothers, however. In 1988, 5.6 percent

of babies born to Mexican and Central

and South American mothers weighed

less than 2,500 grams (5% pounds) at

birth, the same proportion as for white

non-Hispanic babies. The proportions

for other Hispanic groups were 5.9 percent, Cuban; and 9.4 percent, Puerto

Rican. The highest proportion continues to be observed for black nonHispanic babies, 13.1 percent. (See

tabIe 27.)

Although the incidence of low birth

weight is quite favorable for most Hispanic groups, the incidence of preterm

births, another measure of pregnancy

outcome, is somewhat less favorable

among the same groups. Overall,

11 percent of Hispanic babies were

born prior to 37 completed weeks of
gestation, compared with 8 percent of

white non-Hispanic and 19 percent of

black non-Hispanic babies. The proportions for individual Hispanic groups

were 9 percent, Cuban; 10 percent,

Central and South American; 11 percent, Mexican; and 13 percent, Puerto

Rican.

The proportions of babies with low

1- and 5-minute Apgar scores (scores

less than 7) were about the same for

Hispanic babies (except Cuban) as for

white non-Hispanic babies. Scores below 7 suggest that the baby is in some

difficulty. (See section below on Apgar

score.) In 1988, 7.3 percent of Hispanic

infants had l-minute scores below 7

compared with 8.0 percent of white

non-Hispanic and 11.2 percent of black

non-Hispanic babies. The proportions

of low l-minute scores ranged from 4.9

to 9.3 percent for individual Hispanic

groups.

Low 5-minute scores were reported for 1.4percent of all Hispanic

babies, compared with 1.3 percent of

white non-Hispanic and 2.9 percent of

black non-Hispanic babies. The range

of low 5-minute scores for the various

Hispanic groups was 1.0-1.6 percent

(table 27).

Births of other race and

national origin groups

The number of Filipino and

Hawaiian births increased 4 percent

between 1987 and 1988, followed by

increases of 5 percent for American

Indian births and 7 percent for

Japanese births. The largest increases

were observed for Chinese (19 percent)

and Other Asian or Pacific Islander

(12 percent) births. (Data for 1988 are

shown in table 28.) “Other Asian or

Pacific Islander” births include those

reported as Asian Indian, Cambodian,

Korean, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese.

The 19-percent increase in Chinese

births can be attributed in large part to

the 21-percent increase in Chinese

births to California residents; Chinese

births to California residents accounted

for 48 percent of all Chinese births in

the United States in 1988. The majority

of the 12-percent rise in Other Asian or

Pacific Islander births occurred to residents of California, New York, and

New Jersey,

The incidence of teenage childbearing among Chinese, Japanese,

Filipino, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander mothers remained very low in

1988 (l–6 percent) compared with

American Indian (18 percent) and Hawaiian (15 percent) mothers. The proportions of births to white and black

teenage mothers were 10 percent and

23 percent, respectively. Conversely,

the proportion of births to mothers

30 years and over was high for Chinese,

Japanese, Filipino, and Other Asian or

Pacific Islander mothers—38-57 percent —compared with 21 percent for

American Indian mothers and 23 percent for Hawaiian mothers. The corresponding proportions for white and

black mothers were 30 percent and

20 percent, respectively. Childbearing

patterns among these groups have remained very stable for several years,

High proportions of teenage childbearing are associated with higher completed fertility (as indicated by a high

proportion of fourth and higher order

births) and low proportions of college

graduates. This pattern, or its converse,

is seen for all racial groups except

Other Asian or Pacific Islanders. Although Other Asian or Pacific Islander

mothers had a high proportion of

fourth and higher order births, their

low proportion of teenage childbearing

‘was consistent with their high proportion of college graduates.

Levels of low birth weight for racial

and national origin groups other than

white and black ranged from 4.7

percent (Chinese) to 7.1 percent

(Filipino) (table 29), Between 1987 and

1988, the proportion of low-birthweight babies declined among all

groups except Hawaiian, where low

birth weight rose from 6.6 percent to

6.8 percent, and Other Asian and Pacific Islander births, where it remained

at 6.4 percent. Overall, these low-birthweight levels more closely resemble

those of white babies (5.6 percent) than

of black babies (13.0 percent). In part,

these relatively low levels of low-birthweight babies may be due to the comparatively few births to teenagers

among all groups except among American Indians and Hawaiians. Births to

teenage mothers are at a much greater

risk of low birth weight than are births

to older mothers. (See earlier section

on birth weight.)

Month of pregnancy prenatal

care began

The proportion of mothers beginning prenatal care in the first trimester

has remained stable at 76 percent each

year since 1979 (except in 1984 when it

was 77 percent). Similarly, the proportion of mothers initiating care in the

third trimester or receiving no care at

all has remained at 6 percent since

1983. (See table 30 for 1988 data.)

Much of the lack of improvement in

early receipt of prenatal care is associated with the increasing propclrtion of

births to unmarried mothers who are

much less likely than married mothers

to begin care early. (Data are not

shown in this report.)

The racial differential in the timely

receipt of prenatal care continued in

1988. Seventy-nine percent of white

mothers compared with 61 percent of

black mothers began care in the first

trimester, the same as in 1987. The proportions of white mothers and black

mothers who delayed care or received

no care also remained at their 1987

levels of 5 percent and 11 percent,

respectively.

Although the timing of tlhe first

prenatal care visit is often used as a

measure of the adequacy of prenatal

care received, it is a limited yardstick

because early care does not always

mean continuous care. The Kessner Index provides an alternative, multidimensional measure which examines

when prenatal care began in light of the

total number of prenatal visitsmade by

the mother as well as the gestational

age of the baby (14). Care is defined as

“adequate, “ “intermediate,” or “inadequate.” In 1988,69 percent of all mothers received adequate care and

8 percent received inadequate care.

The substantial racial disparity noted

with regard to initiation of care is also

apparent for adequacy of care. In 1988,

74 percent of white mothers but only

51 percent of black mothers received

adequate care. Conversely, 6 percent of

white mothers and 16 percent of black

mothers received inadequate care.
Timing of prenatal care improved

m both the youngest and oldest

mothers between 1987 and 1988. For

mothers under 16 years, and 40 years

and over, the proportion receiving early

care increased 2-5 percent. For

mothers aged under 16 years, 18 years,

and 35 years and over, the proportions

receiving late or no care declined 1–9

percent. These reductions were most

pronounced at the older ages. There

were virtually no changes in the proportions for other age groups.

Initiation of care varies with age of

mother. The older a woman is the more

likely she is to initiate care in the first

trimester of pregnanq. For example, in

1988 only 53 percent of mothers 15–19

years began care in the first trimester

compared with 85 percent of mothers

30-34 years. On the other hand, teenage mothers were more likely to receive

late or no care than older mothers. In

1988, 13 percent of teenage mothers,

compared with 3–4 percent of mothers

in their thirties, initiated care in the

third trimester or received no care at

all.

Timing of the first prenatal visit

also is associated with level of educational attainment (15). In 1988, 92 percent of mothers with college degrees

began care in the first trimester compared with only 56 percent of mothers

who had less than a high school education. The likelihood of a pregnant

woman obtaining late or no care decreases steadily as her educational level

increases.

A review of prenatal-care data by

State (not presented in this report)

shows large differences in the percent

of mothers receiving late or no care.

For white mothers, the proportions

ranged between 2 and 15 percent.

Among States reporting at least 1,000

black births in 1988, the range in the

proportion of black mothers receiving

late or no care was 6 to 19 percent.

Between 1987 and 1988, 28 States and

the District of Columbia showed increases and 23 States showed declines

in the proportion of white mothers receiving late or no care. Among the 37

States and the District of Columbia

with at least 1,000 black births in 1988,

31 States and the District of Columbia

showed increases, while 6 States

showed reductions.

Number of prenatal visits

In 1988, 49 States and the District

of Columbia reported the number of

prenatal visits on their birth certificates;

California did not report this information. The median number of prenatal

visits made by mothers who received

any prenatal care was 12.0 in 1988, the

same as in 1987. The medians for white

and black mothers also remained unchanged from the previous year at 12.2

and 10.6 visits, respectively. (Basic data

for 1988 are shown in table 31.)

Not surprisingly, the median number of prenatal visits is related to the

point in pregnancy at which prenatal

care began. The earlier care is initiated,

the more visits a mother is likely to

have. In 198S, mothers beginning care

in the first trimester had a median of

12.4 visits; mothers beginning care in

the third trimester had a median of 5.1

visits.

Much of the racial differential observed in the number of prenatal visits

is associated with the tendency of white

mothers to initiate prenatal care earlier

in pregnancy than black mothers. (See

previous section.) Differences between

white and black mothers are reduced

substantially when median visits are

viewed in light of the trimester in which

prenatal care began. In 1988, the median number of visits according to trimester in which white mothers initiated

care was 12.5 for the first trimester, 9.5

for the second trimester, and 5.3 for the

third trimester. For black mothers, the

medians were 12.1, $.7, and 4.7 for respective trimesters.

Length of gestation

The length of gestation is measured from the first day of the mother’s

last normal menstrual period to the

date of birth. The proportion of babies

born preterm, that is, before 37 weeks

of gestation, remained unchanged from

the 1987 level of 10.2 percent. This percentage has risen almost every year

since 1981 when it was 9.4 percent.

(Data for 1988 are shown in table 32.)

Although there was no change between 1987 and 1988 in the proportion

preterm among white infants (8.5 percent), the proportion preterm among

black babies increased from 18.0 to

18.3 percent, consequently increasing

the already substantial racial disparity.

The likelihood of low birth weight

is affected by the length of gestation. In

1988, among infants born before 37

weeks of gestation, 38.8 percent were of

low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams

or 5 pounds 8 ounces), while only 3.2

percent of babies born at term (37 to 41

weeks) and 2.2 percent of those born

postterm (42 weeks and over) were of

low birth weight.

The racial disparity in low birth

weight, discussed in an earlier section

of this report, is far more apparent for

term and postterm than for preterm infants. Among preterm infants the percent low birth weight is 12 percent

higher for black than for white babies

(42.2 and 37.7 percent, respectively).

For term and postterm infants, however, it is more than tsvice as high for

black babies. hong term infants, 6.1

percent of black babies and 2.6 percent

of white babies were of low birth

weight; among postterm infants, 4.5

percent of black infants and 1.8 percent

of white infants were of low birth

weight.

Apgar score

The Apgar score is a numerical expression of the physical condition of an

infant at birth developed by the late

physician Virginia Apgar. It is a summary assessment of the heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex

irritability, and color of the newborn.

Each of these factors is assigned a value

from O to 2, allowing a maximum score

of 10. Since 1983, the Apgar scores at 1

and 5 minutes after birth have been

reported by 46 States and the District

of Columbia. (See tables 33 and 34 for

1988 data.)

In 1988, the proportion of high 1-

minute Apgar scores (scores of 9–10)

increased for the second year in a row,

from 41.9 percent to 42.1 percent. This

proportion had been declining annually

from 49.0 percent in 1978 when these

data first became available. The racial

differential in scores persisted in 1988.

Black babies continued to have a

slightly larger proportion of high

l-minute scores than white babies, 43.4

percent compared with 41.8 percent.

In 1988, the proportion of high 5-

minute Apgar scores also increased
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

over the 1987 level, from 88.6 percent

to 88.9 percent. There were increases

for both white and black infants. In

1988, these proportions were 89.4 percent and 86.6 percent, respectively.

The 5-minute Apgar score is considered to be a better predictor of an

infant’s long-term health status and

chances for survival than the l-minute

score (16). Between 1987 and 1988, the

proportion of babies with low 5-minute

scores (scores less than 7) decreased

for every age group. Differences in Apgar scores by age of mother were again

noted in 1988. The age pattern is similar to that observed for other birth

outcomes such as percent preterm and

percent low birth weight. Newborns of

mothers aged 25–34 years are least

likely to have low 5-minute Apga

scores, 1.4 percent compared wit~.

2.1–3.4 percent for births to teenagers

and to mothers in their forties. This age

differential was evident for both black

and white births, but the incidence of

low scores was higher for black babies

at each age.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~13

References

1. Ventura SJ. Trends and variations in

first births to older women, 1970-86.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 21(47). 1989.

2. Pratt WF, Eglash S, London KA Premarital sexual behavior, multiple partners, and marital experience. Paper

presented at the annual meeting of the

Population Association of America,

Toronto. 1990.

3. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Fertili~ of

American women, June 1988. Current

population report$ series P–20, no 436.

Washington: U.S. Department of

Commerce. 1989.

4. Lewis CT, Ventura SJ. Birth and fertility rates by educational attainment,

1980 and 1985. National Center for

Health Statistics. In preparation.

5. Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity, infertility, and reproductive health in the

United States, 1982. National Center

for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

23(14). 1987.

6. Aral SO, Cates W. The increasing concern with infertility-why now? JAMA

z50(17):2327-31. 1983.

7. Hospital Care Statistics Branch. 1988

Summary: National Hospital Discharge

Survey. Advance data from vital and

health statistic no 185 (rev). Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for

Health Statistics. 1990.

8. Taffel S. Trends in low birth weight,

United States, 1975-85. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health

Stat 21(48). 1989.

9. Eastep R. Personal communication.

Rochwille, Maryland: U.S. Food and

Drug Administration. 19854

10. Spratley E, Taffel S. Intemd behveen

births, United States, 1970-77. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 21(39). 1981.

11. U.S. Bureau of the Census. The Hispanic population in the United States,

March 1988. Current population reporty series P–20, no 438. Washington:

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1989.

12. Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1980. Monthly vital statistics repow, VOI 32 no 6, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1983.

13. Ventura SJ, Taffel SM. Childbearing

characteristics of U.S.- and foreignbom Hispanic mothers. Pub Health

Rep 100(6):647–52. 1985.

14. Kessner DM, Singer J, Kak CE, and

Schlesinger ER. Infant death, an analysis by maternal risk and health care. In:

Contrasts in health status, vol 1. Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office. 1980.

15. Taffel S. Prenatal care, United States,

1969–75. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 21(33).

1978.

16. Querec LJ. Apgar score in the United

States, 1978. Monthly vital statistics report; VOI 30 no 1, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1981.

17. U.S. Bureau of the Census. United

States population estimates, by age, sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 to 1’388.

Current population report$ series

P-25, no 1045. Washington U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990.

18. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Preliminary

estimates of the population of the

United States, by age, sex, and race,

1970 to 1981. Current population report$ series P–25, no 917. Washington:

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1982.

19. U.S. Bureau of the Census. The Hispanic population in the United States,

March 1986 and 1987 (advance report).

Current population reportq series

P–20, no 416. Washin~on: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1987.

20. Berkov B. An evaluation of California’s

inferred birth statistics for unmarried

women. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(97). 1985.

21. Taffel SM. Characteristics of American

Indian and Alaska Native births, United

States, 1984. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 36 no 3, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1987.

22. Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1982. Monthly vital statistics repo~, vol 34 no 4, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1985.

23. Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1983 and 1984. Monthly vital statistics repoti, VOI 36 no 4, suppl 2.

Hyattsvil]e, Maryland: National Center

for Health Statistics. 1987.

24. Venmra SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1985. Monthly vital statistics re -

por~ vol 36 no 11, suppl. HyattsvilIe,

Maxyland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1988.
List of tables

1.

2.

?.,

Live births, birth rates, and fertil- 14.

ity rates, by race of child: United

States, specified years 1940-55

andeach year 1960-88 ............. 15 15.

Live births by age of mother, livebirth order, and race of child:

United States, 1988 .......... ....... 16

Birth rates by age of mother, live- 16.

birth order,-a;d race of child:

United States, 1988 ..... ... .... ..... 17

4. Total fertility rates and birth

rates by age of mother and race

of child: United States, 17.

1970-88 . ................... ............ 18

5. Birth rates bvlive-birth order and

6<

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

race of child! United States, 1970,

1975, and 1980-88 ...... ..... .. .....

Live births by race of child, birth

rates, and fertility rates: United

States, each division and State,

1988 ..... ............ ...................

Live births by sex and sex ratio,

by race of child: United States,

1970-88 ...... .. ............ ............

Live births by race of child and

observed and seasonally adjusted

birth and fertility rates, by month:

United States, 1988 .......... .......

Average number of live births

and index of occurrence, by day

ofweelc United States, 1988 ... ..

Live births byattendant, placeof

delivery, and race of chiId:

United States, 1988 ..... ............

Live births by place of delivery,

attendant, and race of child:

United States, 1975 and

1980-88 . ..... ....... ..... ..............

Percent distribution of live births

by place of delivery and

attendant, according to race of

child: United States, 1975 and

1980–88 . ..... ....... ...................

Live births by age of father, age

of mother, and race of child:

United States, 1988 ..... ............

18.

20

19.

21

20.

22

23 21

23

z~.

23

24 23.

25 24.

Birth rates by age of father and

race of child: United Statesj 1970,

1975, and 1980-88 . ........ ....... ..

Number and percent low birth

weight and live births by birth

weight, by age of mother and race

ofchild: United States, 1988 ......

Number and percent of births of

Iowbirthweight and number and

ratio of births to unmarried

women, by race of child: United

States and each State, 1988 ..... ..

Live births by plurality of birth,

age of mother, and race of child:

United States, 1988 ........ ....... ..

Numbem, rates, and ratios of

births to unmarried women, by

age of mother and race of child:

United States, 1988 ........ .........

Birth rates for unmarried women

by age of mother and race of

child: United States, 1970-88 ... ..

Live births by interval since last

live birth, live-birth order, and

race of child: Total of 49 reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1988 ............... .......

Live births by educational attainment of mother and father and

race of child: Total of46 reporting States, the District of Columbia, and New York City, 1988 ....

Live births by educational attainment of mother, age of mother,

and race of child: Total of 46

reporting States, the District of

Columbia, and New York City,

1988 . ....... .......................... ..

Live births by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of child for

mothem of non-Hispanic origin:

Total of 30 reporting States and

the District of Columbia, 1988 ...

Number and percent distribution

of live births by race of child,

according to Hispanic origin of

mother Total of 30 reporting

27 25.

26.

28

30 27.

31

28.

32

29.

33

30.

35

31.

36

32.

37 33,

34.

38

States and the District of

Columbia, 1988 ... .. ..... ....... .....

Birth and fertility rates, by Hispanic origin of mother: Total of

11 reporting States, 1988 ..........

Live births by age and Hispanic

origin of mother and by race of

child for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 30 reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1988 ..... ............... ..

Percent of births with selected

characteristics, by Hispanic origin

of mother and by race of child for

mothers of non-Hispanic origin:

Total of 30 reporting States and

the District of Columbia, 1988 ...

Live births by age of mother and

specified race of child: United

States, 1988 ............... ..... .. .....

Live births by birth weight and

percent low birth weight, by

specified race of child: United

States, 1988 .......... ........ .........

Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, age of

mother, and race of child: United

States, 1988 ........ ....... ..... .......

Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, number of prenatal visits, and race of

child: Total of 49 reporting States

and the District of Columbia,

1988 . .... ............ ....... ............

Live births by period of gestation,

birth weight, and race of child:

United States, 1988 .................

Live births by 1- and 5-minute

Apgar scores and race of child:

Total of 46 reporting States and

the District of Columbia, 1988 ...

Live births by 5-minute Apgar

score, age of mother, and race of

child: Total of 46 reporting States

and the District of Columbia,

1988 ..... ............ ...................

38

39

39

39

40

40

41

42

43

44

45
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~15

Table 1. Live births, birth rates, and fertility rates, by race of child: United States, specified years 1940-55 and each year 1960-88

\

“Birthrates are live births per 1,000 population in specilled group. Ferfilily rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years in specifed group. Population enumerated as of

April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning with 1970, excludes births to nonresidents of the United States]

Number Birth rate Ferlility rate

All other

All

All other

All

All other

All

Year races White Total Black races White Total Black races While Total Black

Registered blrihs

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19652 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19632,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19622’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19612, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birlhs adjusted

for underregistration

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,909,510

3,609,394

3,756,547

3,760,561

3,669,141

3,638,933

3,680,537

3,629,238

3,612,258

3,494,398

3,333,279

3,326,632

3,167,788

3,144,198

3,159,956

3,136,965

3,258,411

3,555,970

3,731,366

3,600,206

3,501,564

3,520,959

3,606,274

3,760,358

4,027,490

4,096,020

4,167,362

4,268,326

4,257,850

4,097,000

3,632,000

2,858,000

2,559,000

3,046,162

2,992,488

2,970,439

2,991,373

2,923,502

2,904,250

2,942,054

2,908,689

2,898,732

2,808,420

2,681,116

2,691,070

2,567,614

2,551,986

2,575,792

2,551,030

2,655,558

2,919,746

3,091,264

2,993,614

2,912,224

2,922,502

2,993,230

3,123,660

3,369,160

3,326,344

3,394,068

3,600,864

3,600,744

3,485,000

3,108,000

2,471 ,CKYJ

2,199,000

863,348

816,906

786,108

769,186

745,639

734,663

738,463

720,569

713,526

665,976

652,163

635,562

600,174

592,202

584,166

585,935

602,853

636,224

640,122

606,592

569,340

598,457

613,044

636,498

658,330

638,926

641,580

667,462

657,106

613,000

524,000

388,000

360,0ir0

671,976

641,567

621,221

606,193

592,745

586,027

592,641

587,797

589,616

577,855

551,540

544,221

514,479

511,5al

507,162

512,597

531,329

564,960

572,382

543,132

531,152

543,976

558,244

581,126

607,556

560,658

584,610

611,072

602,264

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

15.9

15.7

15.6

15.8

15.5

15.5

15.9

15.8

15.9

15.6

15.0

15.1

14.6

14.6

14.8

14.8

15.6

17.2

18.4

17.9

17.6

17.8

18.4

19.4

21.1

21.7

22.4

23.3

23.7

25.0

24.1

20.4

19.4

14.7

14.5

14.5

74.8

14.5

14.6

14.9

14.8

14.9

14.5

14.0

14.1

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.8

14.5

16.1

17.4

16.9

16.6

16.8

17.4

18.3

20.0

20.7

21.4

22.2

22.7

23.8

23.0

19.7

18.6

22.5

21.7

21.4

21.4

21.2

21.3

21.9

22.0

22.5

27?.2

21.6

21.6

20.6

21.0

21.2

21.7

22.6

24.6

25.1

24.5

24.2

25.0

26.1

27.6

29.2

29.7

30.5

31.6

32.1

34.5

33.3

26.5

26.7

22.2

21.6

21.2

21.1

20.8

20.9

21,4

21.6

22.1

22.0

21.3

21.4

20.5

20.7

20.6

21.4

22.5

24.4

25.3

24.4

24.2

25.1

26.2

27.7

29.5

. . .

. . .

. . .

31.9

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

67.2

65.7

65.4

66.2

65.4

65.6

67.3

87.4

68.4

67.2

65.5

66.8

65.0

66.0

67.6

68.8

73.1

81.6

87.9

86.1

65.2

87.2

90.8

96.3

104.7

108.3

112.0

117.1

118.0

118.3

108.2

85.9

79.9

63.0

62.0

61.9

63.0

62.2

62.4

63.9

63.9

64.7

63.4

61.7

63.2

61.5

62.5

64.2

64.9

68.9

77.3

64.1

82.2

81.3

82.8

86.2

91.3

99.8

103.6

107.5

112.3

113.2

113.7

102.3

83.4

77.1

87.5

84.4

83.0

63.2

82.5

83.2

85.5

86.4

88.6

88.5

87.0

87.7

85.8

67.7

89.6

93.4

99.5

109.1

113.0

111.6

111.9

117.1

123.5

131.9

140.0

143.7

147.8

153,0

153.6

154.3

137.3

106,0

102.4

66.6

83.6

62.4

82.2

81.4

81.7

84.1

85.4

68.1

68.3

66.7

86.1

85.8

87.9

89.7

93.6

99.9

109.7

115.4

112.1

112.7

118.5

124.7

133.2

142.6

.-.

. . .

. . .

153,5

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

lEasedon 100perant of biflhsin selected Sates dona50-percent sample of bidhsin aIlotkr StaieSsee T~hnlcalmtes.

Zsas.ed on S.W-percent sample d births.

3Ba$ed on ~ 20. to 50.percent Ssmple of biflhs.

4Figures by race exclude data for New Jersey.
Table 2. Live bitihsby ageofmother, live-bitih order, andrace of child: United States, 1988

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born altve to mother]

Age of mother

Under

15-19 years

Live-birih order and All 15 15 16 17 18 19 20-24 25-.29 30-34 35-39 4&44 45-49

race of child ages ymrs Toial years years years years years years years years years years years

All races

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child. . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . .

Ftthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Sihchild . . . . . . . . . .

Sevenlh child . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over

Notstated . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstctrild . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child.. . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . .

Fithchild. . . . . . . . . . .

Slxthchild . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over

Notstated . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchlld . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child.. . . . . . . .

Ttrirdchild . . . . . . . . . .

Fourihchild . . . . . . . . .

F{tthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

SiXthchild . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . .

Eighth child andover . . .

Nolstated . . . . . . . . . .

Black 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child. . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

.sixthchil d. . . . . . . . .

Sevenlhchild . . . . . . . .

Eighlh child and over

Notstated . . . . . . . . . .

3,909,510

1,595,587

1,272,610

631,040

236,149

85,429

35,078

15,635

15,956

22,026

3,046,162

1,259,158

1,014,991

486,177

170,736

57,242

22,454

9,716

9,859

15,827

863,348

336,429

257,619

144,863

65,411

28,187

12,624

5,919

6,097

6,199

671,976

258,411

198,656

116,071

53,050

22,311

9,700

4,315

4,179

5,283

10,588

10,234

298

12

5

39

4,073

3,948

97

7

2

19

6,515

6,286

201

5

3

20

6,182

5,970

185

5

3

19

478,353

364,073

91,356

17,546

2,738

367

41

11

8

2,213

315,471

249,899

54,546

8,461

1,022

117

16

4

6

1,400

162,882

114,174

36,810

9,085

1,716

250

25

7

2

813

146,326

101,660

33,456

8,392

1,591

234

19

7

1

746

25,605

23,632

1,560

74

8

1

130

12,870

12,255

528

20

3

64

12,735

11,577

1,032

54

5

1

66

11,914

10,639

956

53

5

1

60

55,150

48,826

5,805

449

27

6

237

32,500

28,742

2,455

149

2

2

150

22,650

19,084

3,150

300

25

4

87

20,814

17,473

2,953

284

21

4

79

95,869

78,622

14,634

1,966

179

18

2

2

446

61,537

52,828

7,611

741

60

7

2

286

34,332

25,794

7,023

1,225

119

11

2

158

31,105

23,214

6,486

1,131

111

10

2

151

133,370

99,509

27,376

5,075

666

82

10

4

2

826

69,928

70,869

16,276

2,281

234

27

3

2

2

404

43,442

28,820

11,100

2,764

452

55

7

2

222

36,702

25,337

10,079

2,601

424

49

5

2

205

166,359

113,284

42,181

9,982

l,63a

280

29

5

6

774

118,836

64,385

27,676

5,280

723

81

11

2

4

494

49,723

28,699

14,505

4,722

1,115

179

18

3

2

280

43,791

25,017

12,982

4,323

1,030

170

14

3

1

251

1,067,472

505,975

361,743

139,883

40,862

10,361

2,618

801

231

5,288

604,622

401,866

275,062

84,805

23,171

4,634

1,058

230

102

3,574

282,850

104,009

68,881

45,366

17,511

5,527

1,560

371

129

1,694

220,301

83,888

73,470

39,399

15,433

4,816

1,351

325

104

1.515

1,239,256

447,219

443,769

223,016

78,792

25,617

8,935

3,147

1,645

7,11s

1,010,748

377,778

370,193

176,980

57,080

16,182

4,987

1,552

703

5,283

228,508

69,441

73,576

46,028

21,712

9,435

3,948

1,595

942

1,833

167,684

43,835

54,869

37,086

17,672

7,529

3,138

1,250

749

1,556

603,547

206,649

285,714

179,072

74,637

29,205

12,591

5,704

4,823

5,152

881,414

174,324

240,928

148,052

56,402

21,080

8,461

3,576

2,686

3,894

142,133

32,325

44,785

31,020

16,235

8,115

4,130

2,128

2,137

1,258

93,765

17,408

27,787

22,623

12,495

6,234

3,116

1,537

1,556

1.011

269,518

54,531

63;248

33,623

16,200

8,533

4,570

5,977

1,891

217,754

45,649

67,008

51,498

26,569

12,163

6,213

3,160

4,05a

1,416

51,784

8,862

13,937

11,750

7,054

4,037

2,320

1,380

1,919

475

32,534

4,736

7,986

7,626

5,061

2,950

1,633

936

1,218

366

39,349

6,745

8,605

7,956

5,480

3,514

2,255

1,493

2,972

329

31,088

5,474

7,004

6,413

4,341

2,730

1,651

1,102

2,123

230

8,281

1,271

1,601

1,543

1,139

784

604

391

849

99

4,981

675

874

914

753

528

421

243

509

64

1,427

161

180

197

192

165

105

108

300

18

1,012

120

132

151

151

126

68

72

181

11

415

41

48

46

41

39

37

37

119

7

203

21

29

24

22

20

22

17

42

6

1Included In All other.
Table 3. Birth rates by age of mother, Iive+irth order, and race of child: United States, 1988

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. Uve-blrih order refers to number of children born alive IO mother]

Age of mother

1+19 years

Live-bltih order 15-44 10-14 15-17 13-19 2G24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

and race of child yearsf years Total years years years yeas yeare years years years

All races

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourlhchlld .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flfthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s~handseventh child . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth chlldand over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

white

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fir?JChlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourlhchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fflhchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.Wfhandseventhc hlld. . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fifihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth andseventhchlld. . . . . . . . . . . .

Elghthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flrstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seoondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SIxthand seventh child. . . . . . . . . . . .

Elghthchiidandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67.2

27.6

22.0

10.9

4.1

1.5

0.9

0.3

63.0

26.2

21.1

10.1

3.6

1.2

0.7

0.2

87.5

34.3

26.3

14.6

6.7

29

1.9

0.6

66.6

33.5

25.6

15.1

6.9

2.9

1.6

0.5

1.3

1.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.6

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.0

3.9

0.1

0.0

0.0

4.8

4.7

0.1

0.0

0.0

53.6

41.0

10.3

2.0

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

43.7

34.6

7.6

1.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

95.3

67.1

21.6

5.3

1.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

105,9

74.1

24.3

6.1

1.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

33.6

29.1

4.2

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

25.5

22.7

2.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

87.6

55.0

10.9

1.5

0.1

0.0

0.0

76.6

62.1

12.5

1.6

0.2

0.0

0.0

61.7

57.9

16.9

4.1

0.7

0.1

0.0

0.0

69.2

51.7

14.7

2.5

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

137.4

65.6

38.0

11.1

2.3

0.3

0.0

0.0

1!s4).5

92.4

42.3

12.7

2.7

0.4

0.0

0.0

111.5

53.1

36.0

14.7

4.3

1.1

0.3

0.0

1025

51.4

35.2

121

3.0

0.6

0.2

0.0

1523

60.7

50.5

26.5

10.2

3.2

1.1

0.1

157.5

80.4

529

28.4

11.1

3.5

1.2

0.1

113.4

41.2

40.8

20.5

7.3

2.4

1.1

0.2

111.6

41.9

41.1

19.6

6.3

1.8

0.7

0.1

12!2.3

37.5

39.7

24.6

11.7

5.1

3.0

0.5

112.8

29.8

37.3

25.2

12.0

5.1

3.0

0.5

73.7

19.1

26.4

16.5

6.9

2.7

1.7

0.4

72.9

19.3

26.7

16.4

6.5

2.3

1.3

0.3

77.8

17.9

24.7

17.1

9.0

4.5

3,5

1.2

66.0

124

19.8

16.1

6.9

4.4

3.3

1.1

27.9

5.7

6.4

6.6

3.5

1.7

1.4

0.6

26.9

5.7

8.3

6.4

3.3

1.5

1.2

0.5

33.4

5.8

9.1

7.7

4.6

2.6

2.4

1.2

27.5

4.0

6.8

6.5

4.3

2.5

2.2

i .0

4.8

0.8

1.1

1.0

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.4

4.4

0.6

1.0

0.9

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.3

7.0

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.0

0.7

0.8

0.7

5.6

0.8

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0,0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.1

0,0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.0

0,0

0.0

0,0

0.1

0.1

1Ratescomputedby relatingIotd births,regardlessof age of n’mlher,10 Women aged 1M Ye-

‘Included In All other.
18~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race of child: United States, 1970-88

~otal fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Sirth rates are live blrfhs per 1,000 women in specified group, enumerated as of

April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Total

15-19 years

ferriltfy 70-14 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-W

Year and race of child rate years Total

40-44 45-49

years years years years years yeata years years

All races

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19611. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1973! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotesat endof table.

1,932,0

1,871.0

1,836.0

1,842.5

1,805.5

1,802.5

1,828.5

1,815.0

1,639.5

1,808.0

1,760.0

1,789.5

1,738.0

1,774.0

1,835.0

1,879.0

2,010.0

2,286.5

2,480.0

1,814.0

1,766.5

1,741.5

1,754.0

~,718.5

1,717.5

1,742.0

1,726.0

1,748.5

1,715.5

1,667.5

1,703.0

1,652.0

1,666.0

1,748.5

1,783.0

1,906.5

2,160.5

2,365.0

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

53.6

51.1

50.6

51.3

50.9

51.7

52.9

52.7

53.0

52.3

51.5

52.8

52.8

55.6

57.5

59.3

61.7

64.5

68.3

43.7

41.9

41.8

42.8

42.5

43.6

44.6

44.6

44.7

43.7

42.9

44.1

44.1

46.4

47.9

49.0

51.0

53.6

57.4

33.8

31.8

30.6

31.1

31.1

32.0

32.4

32.1

32.5

32.3

32.2

33.9

34.1

36.1

37.3

38.5

39.0

38.2

38.8

25.5

24.1

23.4

24.0

23.9

24.8

25.2

25.1

25.2

24.7

24.9

26.1

26.3

28.0

26.7

29.2

29.3

28.5

29.2

81.7

80.2

81.0

80.8

78.3

78.1

80.7

81.7

82.1

81.3

79.6

80.9

80.5

85.0

88.7

91.2

96.9

105.3

114.7

69.2

68.6

69.8

70.1

68.1

68.3

70,8

71.9

72.1

71.0

69.4

70.5

70.2

74.0

77.3

79.3

84.3

92.3

101.5

111.5

108.9

108.2

108.9

107.3

108.3

111.3

111.8

115.1

112.8

109.9

112.9

110.3

113.0

117.7

119.7

130.2

150.1

167.8

102.5

101.1

101.5

102.8

101,4

102,6

105.9

106.3

109.5

107.0

104,1

107.7

105.3

108.2

113.0

114.4

124.8

144,9

163.4

113.4

110.8

109.2

110.5

108.3

108.7

111.0

112.0

112.9

111.4

108.5

111.0

106.2

108.2

111.5

112.2

117.7

134.1

145.1

111.6

109.5

108.3

110.0

107.7

108.0

110.3

111.3

112.4

110.8

107<9

110.9

105.9

108.1

111.8

112.3

117.4

134.0

145.9

73.7

71.3

69.3

68.5

66.5

64.6

64.2

61.4

61.9

60.3

57.8

56.4

53.6

52.3

53.8

55.6

59.8

67.3

73.3

72.9

70.8

68.9

68<1

66.1

64.0

63.3

60.2

60.4

59.0

56.6

55.3

52,6

51.3

52.9

54.4

58.4

65.4

71,9

27.9

26.2

24.3

23.9

22.8

22.1

21.1

20.0

19.8

19.5

19.0

19.2

19.0

19.5

20.2

22.1

24.8

28.7

31.7

26.9

25.2

23.3

22.7

21.7

21.0

20.0

18.7

18.5

18.3

17.7

18.0

17.8

18.2

18.9

20.7

23.3

26.9

30!0

4.6

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.6

4.8

5.4

6.2

7.1

8.1

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.4

4.9

5.6

6.4

7,5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0,3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 19

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race of child: United States, 1970-88-Con.

petal fertility ratesare sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. BlrIh rates are Iive births per 1,000 women In specified group, enumerated as of

April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated az of July 1 for all other years]

15-19 years

Total

ferlllily 10-14 15-17 12-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4C-44 45-49

Year and race of child rate yeas Totet years ysars years years yeas years years years

All other

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1884~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black3

KW.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lg61’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ::::

1979~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~97~z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,462.5

2,349.0

2,261.5

2,263.0

2,223.5

2,225,0

2,265.0

2,274,5

2,323.0

2,309,5

2,264.5

2,276.5

2,222.5

2,276.0

2,338.5

2,443.0

2,627.5

2,919.5

3,066.7

2,402,0

2,294.0

2,227.0

2,196.0

a153.5

2,150.5

2,188.5

2,206.0

2,286.0

2,263.2

2,218.0

2,251.0

2,187.0

2,243.0

2,288.5

2,411.0

2,601.0

2,902.0

3,098.7

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.9

4.1

4.0

4.3

4.3

4.7

4.6

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.7

5.1

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.2

95.3

90.9

89.7

89.7

89.0

89.3

91.5

91.8

94.9

96.5

96.0

99.5

99.9

106.4

111.3

117.5

123.8

126.5

133.4

105.9

100.3

98.1

97.4

95.7

95.5

97.0

97.1

100.0

101.7

100.9

104.7

104.9

111.8

116.5

123.1

129.8

134.5

140.7

67.6

64.7

62.7

629

63.3

64.2

65.6

65,2

66.3

70.5

70.4

74.6

75.5

80.5

64.9

90.5

93.8

94.0

95.2

76.6

729

70.0

69.6

69.7

70.1

71.2

70.6

73.6

75.7

75.0

79.6

80.3

85,6

90.0

96.0

99,5

99.4

101.4

137.4

131.2

130.9

128.7

124.8

123.9

128.2

130.6

133.2

134.9

134.4

136.8

137.2

146.1

153.1

160.9

173.3

185.6

195.4

150.5

142.2

141.0

137.1

132.0

130.4

133.3

135.9

138.8

140.4

139.7

142.9

142.5

152.4

156.7

166.6

179.5

192.6

204.9

152.3

145.4

140.4

138.5

136.4

136.8

139.3

140.8

145.0

144.3

142.1

142.3

138.9

141.0

145.5

151.6

163.4

164.0

196.8

157.5

149.5

143.7

140,6

137.9

137.7

139.1

141.2

146.3

146.3

143.8

144.4

140.5

142.8

146.7

153.1

165.0

186.6

202.7

122.3

117.3

113.8

113.5

111.5 “

112.1

114.9

115.9

115.5

114.6

111.9

111.5

107.6

loa.7

109.5

111.2

119.3

134.6

140.1

112.8

109.0

105.9

105.1

103.2

103.4

108.9

108.3

109.1

108.2

105.4

106.4

101.6

102.2

102.2

103.9

112.4

128.0

136.3

77.8

73.8

71.5

70.3

68.5

68.4

69.0

66.5

70.8

68.3

65.2

63.4

59.5

58.8

59.9

63.2

68.9

79.3

82.5

66.0

63.5

622

60.7

59.5

59.2

80.4

60.4

62.9

60,7

58.3

57.5

53.6

53.1

54.1

58.1

64.0

74.8

79.6

33.4

31.5

30.3

30.5

29.2

28.6

28.0

27.6

27.9

27.3

26.9

27.3

26.9

27.6

26.8

30.9

34.6

40.2

42.2

27.5

26.3

25.5

25,5

24.8

24.7

24.4

24.2

24.5

24.7

24.3

25.4

24.8

25.6

27.0

29.4

33.4

38.9

41.9

7.0

6.5

6.3

5.9

6.0

5.9

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.9

6.9

7.5

7.6

8.6

9.9

11.7

12.6

5.6

5.3

5.1

4.9

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.1

6.1

6.6

6.6

7.5

7,6

8,6

9.8

11.6

12.5

0.4

0.4

0,4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.9

0,9

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.0

fSSSed on 1co percant Of births in selected Sates and on a 5+arcent sample of births In all other StateS we Technicalmte.$.

zea~d Ona So-perceti sample of births.

Slwludad 1“ All ~thar.
20 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 5. Birth rates by live-birth order and race of child: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-88

[Rates are Ilve births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years, enumerated as of April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Figures fOr

live-birth order not stated are distributed]

Live-bltih order

Year and race of child Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

All races

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’..

All other

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821

19811

19801

1975 f

19702

1988..

. ...,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Blacks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985. .,..............,.. . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67.2

65.7

65.4

68.2

65.4

65.8

67.3

67.4

68.4

66.0

87,9

63,0

62.0

61.9

63.0

62.2

62.4

63.9

63.9

64.7

62.5

84.1

67.5

84.4

83.0

83,2

82.5

83.2

85.5

86.4

88.6

87.7

113.0

86.6

83,8

82.4

82.2

61.4

81.7

84.1

85.4

88.1

87,9

115,4

27.6

27.2

27.2

27.6

27.4

27.8

28.6

29.0

29.5

28.1

34.2

26.2

25.9

26.0

26.5

26.4

26.6

27.7

28.1

26.4

26.7

32.9

34.3

33.4

33.0

32.9

32.8

33.0

33.8

34.3

35.6

36.7

42.4

33.5

32.8

32.5

32.4

32.2

32.3

33,0

33,8

35,2

36.9

43.3

22.0

21.6

21.6

22.0

21.7

21.5

22.0

21.6

21.8

20.9

24.2

21.1

20.9

20.9

21.4

21.1

20.9

21.3

20.9

21.0

20.3

23.7

26.3

25.4

24.9

25.1

24.7

24.6

25.6

25.9

26.2

24.6

26.9

25.8

24.9

24.5

24.5

24.1

24.1

24.9

25.2

25.7

24.2

27.1

10.9

10.5

10,3

10.4

10.1

10.1

10.2

10.2

10.3

9.4

13.6

10.1

9.8

9.6

9.7

9.4

9.4

9.5

9.4

9.5

8.8

13.3

14.8

14.2

13.8

13.8

13.7

13.8

14.2

14.2

14.4

12.6

15.9

15.1

14.5

14.1

13.9

13.7

13.7

14.2

14.3

14.5

12.6

16,1

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

3.9

7.2

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

6.8

6,7

6,4

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6,4

6.4

6.5

6.1

9.7

6.9

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.6

6,7

6.3

10,0

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.7

3.8

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.5

3.4

2,9

2,7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2,8

2.8

2.9

3.1

6.1

2,9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.8

2.9

3,0

3.2

6,4

0,9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.3

3.2

0,7

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.8

1.1

2.7

1.9

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2,1

2.8

6.7

1,8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.9

7,0

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.7

1.6

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0,3

0.3

0.5

1.2

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.8

5.3

0.5

0,5

0.5

0.6

0,6

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.6

5.6

i Based on I OO ~ercent of bl~hs In selected sates and on a 50-percent sample of birthsInall otlmrsiatas; see Technical~tes.

2Based~“ a 50-percent $aMPleOfbiflhs.

sln~ludedInAllother,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~21

Table 6. Live births by race of child, birth rates, and fertility rates: United States, each division and State, 1988

[By place of residence. Birth rates per I,OIXI estimated population in each arew ferhkty rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years estimated in each area]

Number

All Birth Fertility

Division and State races f White Black rate rate

LlniledStates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshh’e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhodelsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MlddleAllanilc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorlhCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorihCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorlhCarollna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,909,510

193,142

17,172

17,364

8,111

88,194

14,224

48,077

564,053

280,650

117,764

165,639

637,544

160,529

81,843

184,84T

139,714

70,817

265,355

66,748

38,119

76,492

10,103

11,194

23,907

38,792

654,422

10,406

75,7&r

10,540

93,127

21,846

97,579

55,114

105,923

184,119

224,588

51,058

70,711

60,745

42,074

459,763

35,035

73,902

47,408

303,418

234,663

11,692

15,741

7,162

53,367

27,015

65,623

36,055

18,008

675,980

72,503

40,052

533,148

11,232

19,045

3,046,162

170,562

16,767

16,837

8,001

75,857

12,523

40,557

430,973

204,271

69,668

137,034

514,792

133,151

71,286

137,555

111,098

61,702

233,289

60,386

36,296

62,723

8,986

9,178

21,784

33,936

448,626

7,824

48,926

1,661

87,441

20,801

65,947

33,114

88,437

138,475

159,513

45,508

53,081

39,214

21,712

358,614

26,217

42,356

35,869

252,172

205,303

9,861

15,108

6,672

48,316

21,958

54,710

33,951

14,729

526,490

62,578

36,752

415,319

7,260

4,581

671,976

16,567

120

149

34

8,564

1,163

6,517

113,1S9

63,559

23,759

25,881

109,611

25,502

9,452

41,940

26,060

6,657

21,924

2,770

1,157

12,690

137

112

1,431

3,627

190,894

2,414

23,797

8,165

22,654

926

28,881

21,496

37,851

44,70s

62,886

5,120

17,027

20,968

19,851

87,411

8,338

30,013

5,222

43,838

9,514

78

60

119

3,162

705

3,071

322

1,977

59,870

3,604

1,091

53,639

643

893

15.9

14.9

14.3

16.0

14.6

15.0

14.3

14.9

15.0

15.7

15.3

13.6

15.1

14.8

14.7

15.9

15.1

14.6

14.9

15.5

13.5

14.9

15.1

15.7

14.9

15.5

15.4

15.8

16.4

17.1

15.5

11.6

15,0

15.9

16.7

14.9

14.6

13.7

14.4

14.6

16.1

17,1

14.6

16.8

14.6

18.0

17.6

14.5

15.7

15.0

16.2

17.9

18.8

21.3

17.1

18.1

15,6

14.5

78.8

21.4

17.3

67.2

61.7

60.5

64.8

58.4

60.9

60.5

63.3

64.1

88.1

64,8

W.4

63.9

63.0

61.8

67.2

62.7

62.7

64.8

65.3

59.1

64.4

87.4

71,3

65.3

68.3

65.5

65.0

66.3

86.3

62.4

50.3

62.5

65.1

67.7

70.1

61.7

57,7

60.4

62.4

69.0

71.8

65.2

69.7

63.4

74.8

74.0

63.5

67.8

60.2

63.8

75.9

81.9

92.0

71.2

75.3

64.2

m.o

78.5

88.4

73.5

i Includes races other than white and black.
Table 7. Live births by sex and sex ratio, by race of child: United States, 1970-88

All other

All races

Year

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male

2,002,424

1,951,153

1,924,868

1,927,983

1,879,490

1,865,553

1,885,676

1,860,272

1,852,616

1,791,267

1,709,394

1,705,916

1,624,436

1,613,135

1,622,114

1,608,326

1,669,927

1,822,910

1,915,376

1,907,086

1,858,241

1,831,679

1,832,578

1,789,651

1,773,380

1,794,661

1,768,866

1,759,642

1,703,131

t ,623,885

1,620,716

1,543,352

1,531,063

1,537,844

1,528)639

1,588,484

1,733,060

1,616,006

per

I,ooo

females

1,050

1,050

1,051

1,052

1,050

1,052

1,051

1,052

1,053

1,052

1,053

1,053

1,053

1,054

1,055

1,052

1,051

1,052

1,055

White

Males

per

1,000

Male Female females

Total

Males

par

1,000

Male Female females

1,562,675

1,535,517

1,523,914

1,536,646

1,500,326

1,482,385

1,508,704

1,494,437

1,490,140

1,442,981

1,378,222

f,383,440

1,319,717

1,312,308

1,325,019

1,311,032

1,364,578

1,499,958

1,580,140

1,483,487

1,456,971

1,446,525

1,454,727

1,423,176

1,411,865

1,432,350

1,414,232

1,408,592

1,365,439

1,302,894

1,307,630

1,247,897

1,239,688

1,250,773

1,239,998

1,290,980

1,419,788

1,501,124

1,053

1,054

1,053

1,056

1,054

1,057

1,054

1,057

1,058

1,057

1,058

1,058

1,058

1,059

1,059

1,057

1,057

1,056

1,059

439,749

415,636

400,954

391,337

379,164

373,168

375,972

365,835

362,476

346,286

331,172

322,476

304,719

300,827

287,095

297,284

305,349

322,952

325,238

423,599

401,270

385,154

377,851

366,475

361,515

362,511

354,734

351,050

337,692

320,991

313,086

295,455

291,375

287,071

288,641

297,504

313,272

314,884

1,038

1,03$

1,041

1,036

1,031

1,032

1,037

1,031

1,033

1,031

1,032

1,030

1,031

1,032

1,035

1,030

1,026

1,031

1,033

Black

Male

341,441

325,259

315,788

308,575

300,951

287,011

301,121

287,864

299,033

293,013

279,588

275,556

260,661

259,610

257,277

259,877

268,842

286,430

290,508

330,535

318,308

305,433

299,618

291,794

289,016

281,520

289,933

280,583

284,842

271,942

268,665

253,818

251,971

249,885

252,720

262,487

278,530

281,854

per

Itrxw

females

1,033

1,028

1,034

1,030

1,031

1,028

1,033

1,027

1,029

1,022

1,028

1,028

1,027

1,030

1,030

1,028

1,024

1,028

1,031

1Basedon 103 percentof birthsin selectedSates end on a 50-percentsampleof bhths In all otter Btates;seeTechnicalmtes

2Basedcma50-psrcent samplecfbhths.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 23

Table 8. Live births by race of child and observed and seasonally adjusted birth and fertiiity rates, by month: United States, 1988

[Rates on an annual basis per 1,000 populatbn for spacVied month. Birth rates baaed on Ihe total populatbn. Ferfmi rates based on women aged 15-44 years]

Number

Saascfrally

All other observed adjusted~

All Birth FertURy Birth Fertility

Month races Whiie Tot& Black rate rate rate rate

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,909,510 3,046,162 883,348 671,976 15.9 67.2 . . . . . .

January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310,214 239,864 70,330 55,530 15.0 63.1 15.7 66.1

February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296,464 232,446 66,018 51,470 15.4 64.9 15.7

March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,920

66.4

252,785 69,135 53,572 15.5 65.4 15.8 66.7

April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,185 244,482 64,703 49,733 15.4 64.9 15.7 66.2

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325,953 257,721 68,232 52,372 15.7 66.2 15.9 . 67.0

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328,868 257,730 71,136 55,366 16.3 68.0 16.4 69.1

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346,417 266,464 77,953 61,285 16.6 70.3 15.9

August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354,165 274,699

67.4

79,466 62,547 17.0 71.9 16.1

September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346,855

66.2

269,950 76,905 60,169 17.2 72.7 16.1

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,220 257,250

68.0

73,970 57,159 15.9 67.2 15.8

November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314,321 242,707

67.0

71,614 55,415 15.5 65.6 16.0 67.6

December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,928 248,044 73,684 57,356 15.4 65.2 15.8 66.8

l~m,~of==ml adj@~~,de”,$l~@ by~heu.~~re~ ofl~&n~S,ISdeS~fl~d inib)&llVwianf oftWGMsMetf@ l[3ss.sonsIAdjustrcent Progrsm,Tecinical paper

No. 15 (1S67 revlsicm).

Table 9. Average number of iive births and index of occurrence, by day of week United States, 1988

Average number Index

Day of weak of b[rths of occurrence 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,SW 100.0

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,747 81.9

Monday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lo,ae3 102.8

Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,660 109.3

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,401 106.7

Thursday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,374 106.5

Friday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,403 106.7

Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,169 66.1

‘Irxlexlsiheratlo Cftheaversgemrmbsr oftirthsonagivsn dayofihewmkto thaaveragedaliy numberofbirth$for ttwyear,rrwltlplled bylCO.

TabielO. Live births by attendan~ place ofdelivery, and race of child: United States, 1988

Atl

Attendant

Place of delivety and race of child births PtryslcWr MidbMe CMrer Urlspecltk?d

All races 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,909,510 3,749,166 132$70 24,306 3,344

In hospttalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,672,428 3,740,213 115,666 13,66s 2,661

No!inhospifal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,258 8,324 16,710 10,572

Notspacmad.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

652

824 651 74 66 31

White

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,046,162 2,927,245 96,E67 17,824 2,426

Inhospifalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,015,325 2,921,170 62,7s9 9,469 1,897

Notinhospilal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,177 5,539 15,815 8,320 503

Notspeoifia d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 536 63 35 26

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671,976 6-41,519 24,&36 4,aa7 794

In hospttalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667,267 639,037 24,180 3,372 678

Notinhospltal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,579 2,392 480 1,595 112

Nolspsrclfbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iw 90 6 30 4

I lrwludss races other than white and black.

2Jj-jdudesblrtbaarri~ enroutetooron srdvdsthospitsd.
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 11. Live births by place of delivery, attendant, and race of chiid: United States, 1975 and 1980-88

In hospikdl Not in hospitalz

Year and race of child Total Phys/c/an M/dw/fe Other Unspeclfled Physician Midwife Other Unspecified

All races

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985. ,,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

19803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19643 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19623 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

19843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

19603. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black4

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,909,510

3,809,394

3,756,547

3,760,561

3,669,141

3,636,933

3,680,537

3,629,238

3,612,258

3,144,190

3,046,162

2,992,488

2,970,439

2,991,373

2,923,502

2,904,250

2,942,054

2,908,669

2,896,732

2,551,996

863,348

816,906

786,108

769,188

745,639

734,683

738,483

720,569

713,526

592,202

671,976

641,567

621,221

608,193

592,745

688,027

592,641

587,797

589,616

511,581

3,740,213

3,660,923

3,617,261

3,623,215

3,532,397

3,508,666

3,560,644

3,490,919

3,499,959

3,026,024

2,921,170

2,880,624

2,864,957

2,887,795

2,619,888

2,806,960

2,653,427

2,804,868

2,815,362

2,465,957

819,043

780,099

752,324

735,420

712,509

701,706

707,217

666,051

664,577

560,067

639,037

615,029

596,089

562,768

568,092

561,304

568,943

561,821

567,568

484,416

115,886

98,425

89,810

65,941

78,040

71,617

63,062

55,537

51,576

19,686

82,769

70,521

64,379

61,051

55,682

49,651

42,684

37,019

33,730

10,076

33,097

27,904

25,431

24,690

22,358

21,966

20,378

18,518

17,846

9,610

24,180

19,907

18,924

19,097

17,304

17,400

16,162

15,104

14,229

7,707

13,666

12,414

9,311

10,695

13,085

12,532

11,936

13,303

17,456

7,122

9,469

9,216

6,634

7,286

9,042

8,477

8,197

9,405

13,691

5,342

4,199

3,196

2,677

3,409

4,043

4,055

3,739

3,698

3,765

1,780

3,372

2,369

1,989

2,306

2,547

2,377

2,147

2,113

2,090

1,311

2,661

2,344

3,266

2,299

7,361

6,845

6,554

31,823

7,379

84,069

1,897

1,823

2,923

1,967

5,865

5,400

5,116

25,505

5,546

52,392

764

521

343

332

1,516

1,445

1,436

6,316

1,831

11,677

878

431

278

241

927

922

1,024

4,287

1,321

9,595

8,975

8,132

9,400

9,746

9,777

10,215

10,296

10,996

11,992

11,265

6,075

6,201

7,336

7,795

7,785

8,132

7,962

8,560

9,495

7,818

2,900

1,931

2,064

1,951

1,992

2,083

2,314

2,436

2,497

3,447

2,4S2

1,605

1,668

1,566

1,638

1,602

1,868

1,976

2,062

3,161

16,784

15,465

15,398

16,135

15,862

15,406

14,375

12,754

11,093

9,727

15,876

14,678

14,593

15,268

14,946

14,391

13,262

11,577

9,919

5,082

906

787

805

867

916

1,015

1,113

1,177

1,174

4,645

486

452

497

573

616

742

877

991

1,001

4,602

10,640

11,049

11,408

11,839

10,835

11,662

11,855

11,794

11,630

2,960

8,355

8,741

9,113

9,684

8,933

9,748

9,982

10,047

10,021

2,585

2,285

2,306

2,295

2,175

1,902

1,914

1,873

1,747

1,609

375

1,625

1,642

1,652

1,535

1,391

1,384

1,364

1,262

1,170

281

683

642

673

691

1,764

1,990

1,815

2,110

1,173

3,345

529

482

504

547

1,361

1,491

1,404

1,688

946

2,744

154

160

169

144

403

499

411

422

227

601

116

132

124

107

230

296

256

263

175

508

1Includes births oca-mlng en mule to or on arrival at hospital.

‘Includes births with place of delivery not stated.

3Ba~ed ~“ 100 ~er=~ of blflh~ I“ selected States FIti on a 50-percent sample of births in all other s~ea see Technk=J Mtes.

41ncluded ln Another.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 25

Table 12. Percent distribution of live births by place of delivery and attendant, according to race of child: United States, 1975 and

1980-88

Place of delivery Place of delkwy and attendant at birth

Not In hospltall

In

Not in hospita12

In

Year and race of child Total hospltalq hospflalz Totai3 PhysWan MIoMe Other Physk2an Midwife Other

All races

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~9754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~98~4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19604 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Blacks

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100do

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

99.1

99.1

99!0

99.0

99.0

98.9

99.0

99.0

99.0

99.1

99.0

99.0

96.9

98.9

98.9

98.8

98.9

96.9

99.0

99.3

99.3

99.4

99.3

99.3

99.3

99.3

99.2

99.2

99.2

98.5

99.3

99.4

99.4

99.4

99.3

99.3

99.3

99.2

99.3

98.3

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

0.7

0.7

0.6

0,7

0,7

0.7

0,7

0.8

0.8

0.8

1.5

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.7

1.7

100.0

10Q.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1cxl.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1OQ.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1LX3.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

95,8

86.2

96.4

96.4

96.5

96.7

97.0

97.1

97.1

98.4

96.0

a6.3

96.6

96.6

26.7

96.9

97.2

97.3

97.3

98.8

95.0

95.6

95.8

95.7

95.8

95.8

96.0

ee.i

96.2

96.6

95.2

95.9

96.0

95.9

96.0

96.0

a6.2

96.3

96.5

96.6

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.4

0.6

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.2

0.4

3.8

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.5

1.7

3.6

3.1

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.4

1.5

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0,3

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0,3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0,4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0,5

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.8

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0,1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.9

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

i In-dudes blrihs cccarring en rcute to or on arrival at t-osphl.

‘Includes birihs with place of delivery not stated. s

‘&ludes blflhs with attendant not specified.

4Eased on 100 percent of births in selected States and on a 50-percent sample of bhths in all other States: sea Technid mtes.

61”duded in All other.
26 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

TabIe 13. Live births byageof father, age of mother, andrace ofchild: United States, 1988

Age of father

Under 55 years

Age of mother 15 1s19 20-24 25-29 3G34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 and Not

and race of chi/d Total years years years years years years yeas years years over stated

All races i . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years......,..

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years ...,.....

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years, .,......

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years, .,......

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . .

15-19 yea~s . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years ..,......

3,909,510

10,588

478,353

1,067,472

1,239,258

803,547

269,518

39,349

1,427

3,048,162

4,073

315,471

804,622

1,010,748

661,414

217,754

31,068

1,012

671,976

6,182

146,326

220,301

167,664

93,765

32,534

4,981

203

376

110

140

49

39

27

10

1

211

26

63

40

35

20

6

1

146

80

49

7

2

5

3

i 10,685

2,241

87,018

19,412

1,603

301

95

15

79,543

1,031

61,959

14,979

1,244

236

79

15

27,166

1,137

22,046

3,648

279

49

7

617,124

759

153,525

377,152

71,936

11,350

2,117

275

10

494,426

496

119,525

304,969

58,366

9,136

1,701

223

8

1C0,230

208

28,568

59,238

10,359

1,534

270

33

1,055,417

112

34,371

347,938

562,961

95,279

13,468

1,231

37

894,849

69

27,089

289,436

466,334

80,020

10,879

992

30

116,019

32

5,604

44,427

53,991

10,202

1,626

132

5

903,600

23

6,940

85,970

370,365

388,132

48,742

3,521

67

766,167

78

5,347

66,662

312,965

335,541

40,720

2,851

63

85,647

3

1,222

11,950

35,894

31,392

4,778

393

15

431,375

14

1,911

21,771

69,476

192,467

117,827

7,770

117

357,425

12

1,477

16,798

72,158

160,696

99,843

6,358

89

43,148

1

339

3,496

10,639

17,829

10,049

760

15

144,708

3

676

6,652

24,239

47,518

50,620

14,601

197

116,552

2

505

5,149

19,180

38,120

41,304

12,142

150

17,295

1

128

1,272

3,516

5,763

5,265

1,325

23

40,728

2

234

2,201

6,869

12,186

12,774

5,977

485

30,620

2

153

1,622

5,072

9,195

9,728

4,667

361

6,494

67

450

1,363

2,027

1,836

701

50

12,639

1

100

778

2,265

3,725

3,7al

1,756

233

8,875

1

76

525

1,490

2,571

2,735

1,308

169

2,624

20

204

593

650

687

243

27

7,293

1

86

808

1,356

2,007

2,166

951

118

4,603

51

337

783

1,284

1,416

666

66

1,852

1

29

213

429

498

485

175

22

565,367

7,322

193,352

204,741

108,105

50,535

17,916

3,251

143

292,691

2,414

99,212

102,105

53,121

24,595

9,343

1,825

76

:271,355

4,719

88,224

95,396

50,617

23,616

7,528

1,199

46

1 Includes races other than white and black,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 27

Table 14. Birth rates by age of father and race of child: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-88

[Rates are live bitihs per 1,000 men In specified group, enumerated as of April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Figures for age of

“ather not stated are distributed]

Age of father

15-54 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4rH4 45-49 50-54 55 years

Year and race of child yearai yearsz years yews yearn years years yeais years and over

All races

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~984s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lg82s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black5

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19704 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.9

55.0

54.9

55.7

55.0

55.3

56.4

56.3

57.0

53.8

71.5

51.4

50.9

50.9

51.9

51.2

51.5

52.5

52.3

52.9

49.8

S7.I

81.3

78.6

77.5

77.9

77.4

78.2

80.1

81.2

83.6

81.8

104.5

820

79.5

78.3

78.2

77.6

78.0

79.8

81.2

83.8

82.1

107.4

20.0

18.6

18.1

18.2

16.0

18.4

18.7

18.5

18.8

20.8

25.6

14.9

13.9

13.7

14.0

13.9

14.4

14.8

14.9

15.2

17.1

21.0

41.7

39.0

37.7

37.4

36.9

36.9

37.3

36.3

37.5

42.4

55.2

48.1

44.6

42.8

42.0

41.0

40.8

40.7

39.3

40.4

45.0

56.7

85.5

83.0

82.3

82.8

61.9

83.5

88.1

88.0

92.0

96.2

146.6

75.2

73.9

74.0

75.1

74.4

76.4

79.2

60.7

64.0

68.6

135.3

134.9

127.8

124.2

122.8

121.7

122.2

123.5

129.7

139.0

156.5

224.9

149.2

140.4

135.2

132.7

130.6

131.3

129.4

136.6

146.6

167.3

243.7

111.1

109.4

109.1

111.9

111.0

113.9

117.4

119.7

123.0

123.9

175.0

106.1

105.0

105.2

108.2

107.2

110.0

113.3

115.2

118.4

119.5

170.9

137.8

133.7

131.2

132.9

132.7

i 36.6

141.9

147.4

152.3

156.4

202.6

138.5

134.6

132.2

133.3

133.0

136.3

141.8

148.1

154.2

156.8

209.6

90.9

69.3

88.7

69.7

66.8

66.7

80.4

66.6

91.0

81.5

112.3

87.6

66.3

85.9

87.0

85.8

65.4

26.7

64.7

66.9

78.6

109.3

109.7

105.0

105.0

105.7

106.8

109.4

112.9

113.9

118.9

1025

135.1

89.0

S6.7

36.9

96.9

96.2

93.9

104.0

105.2

110.8

35.5

132.6

49.4

48.2

46.5

47.0

45.7

45.3

44.2

43.2

42.8

39.9

57.6

46.1

44.9

43.3

43.7

42.6

42.0

40.9

39.7

39.2

36.6

54.5

69.7

68.5

67.5

69.1

67.3

68.6

67.6

68.0

88.6

63.5

82.4

60.2

60,0

59.8

61.1

59,6

61,2

61.2

61.9

62.8

57.7

80.9

20.0

19.1

18.4

18.1

77.6

17.2

17.6

16.9

17.1

16.5

24.9

17.7

17.0

16.3

16.0

15.7

15.1

15.4

14.7

14.7

14.6

22.9

35.6

34.3

32.9

33.1

32.6

31.6

32.6

32.3

33.7

29.4

42.5

32.6

31.9

30.6

30.8

30.4

29.5

30.5

30.3

31.5

28.5

41.9

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.1

6.1

9.1

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.2

7.9

15.5

14.9

14.6

14.4

14.1

14.7

14.7

14.3

14.3

13.1

20.4

14.7

14.2

14.0

13.7

13.6

13.9

14.1

13.6

‘t3.8

12.6

20.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

3.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

i .8

1.8

1.7

2.6

7.0

6.6

6.8

6.7

6.4

6.2

6.6

6.2

6.2

6.0

9.0

6.8

6.5

6.7

6.5

6.1

5.9

6.3

6.0

6.0

5.9

8.8

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0,6

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

2.7

1.3

1.3

1,2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

i .2

1.1

21

1Rates ~omwted by relail~ total bkths, regadless of age of fatk% to rren aged 1~~ Ye~.

‘Rates computed by relating Wths of fathers urxfer 20 years of age to man aged 15-19 year$.

3gas@onl~wr~”t ofbirthainselected Satesandona50-percent sampleofblrths Inallottwstatey seekhni~~tes.

qs~d on a So.pement samPle of ~flhs.

51ncluded in All other.
Table 15. Number and percent low birth weight and live births by birth weight by age of mother and race of child: United States, 1988 N

Birth weight2

Less

Low birth we/ghtl than 5W- I,ooo- 1,500- 2JW0- 2,500- 3,&WAge of mother

3,m 4,0&7- 4,5CW 5,(WO

w 999 1,499 1,959 ~499 2#99 3,439 3,999 4,499 4,S9s7 Not

and race of child Number Percent To!el

grams

grams grams grams grams grams grams grwrrs grams grams grams or more stated

All races

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . .

15-19 years .,.......

15yeaffi . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years, . . . . . . . . .

19yeare . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

Whiie

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15yeare . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

15yeare . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeare . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yeaffi . . . . . . . . .

3Cr+4years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeare . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

45-19 years . . . . . . . . .

All other

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

t5years . . . . . . . . . .

16yeare . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yeare . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeare . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

270,681

1,433

44,231

3,044

5,726

9,393

11,305

14,163

76,442

75,953

50,243

19,025

3,214

140

171,775

445

23,695

1,257

2,747

4,936

6,587

8,168

46,776

60,814

34,559

13,175

2,217

94

98,806

988

20,536

i ,787

2,979

4,457

5,318

5,995

29,666

25,139

15,664

5,850

997

46

6,9

13.6

9.3

11.9

10.4

9.8

8.9

8.4

7.2

6.1

6.3

7.1

6.2

9.8

5.6

11.0

7.5

9.8

8.5

8.0

7.3

6.9

5.8

5.0

5.2

6.1

7.1

9.3

11.5

15.2

12.6

14.1

13.2

13.0

12.3

12.1

11.3

11.0

11.0

11.3

12.1

11.1

3,808,510

10,566

478,353

25,605

55,150

95,689

133,370

186,359

1,067,472

1,239,256

603,547

268,516

39,349

1,427

3,046,162

4,073

3158471

12,870

32,500

61,537

89,828

118,6%

604,622

1,010,746

661,414

217,754

31,088

1,012

863,348

6,515

162,662

12,735

22,650

34,332

43,442

49,723

262,650

228,508

142,133

51,764

8,281

415

5,042

40

822

57

119

161

222

263

1,379

1,402

955

379

64

1

2,677

12

353

18

36

74

86

127

666

781

552

247

44

2,365

28

469

39

81

87

126

136

691

621

403

132

20

1

18,720

139

3,308

272

482

739

843

’972

5,053

5,098

3,621

1,303

189

11

10,591

44

1,645

121

208

358

436

523

2,658

3,022

2,248

635

134

7

8,129

95

1,883

151

273

383

407

449

2,397

2,074

1,373

468

55

4

24,818

163

4,281

310

565

664

1,166

1,314

6,884

6,731

4,525

1,892

310

12

14,948

56

2,178

119

282

438

635

703

3,973

4,277

3,001

1,241

212

10

9,870

127

2,103

191

303

445

553

611

2,911

2,454

1,524

651

98

2

51,535

264

6,312

611

1,087

1,750

2,217

2,647

14,218

14,323

9,879

3,843

657

19

32,399

100

4,413

267

518

896

1,210

1,522

8,544

9,534

6,720

2,627

451

10

19,136

184

3,899

344

569

854

1,007

1,125

5,674

4,789

3,159

1,216

206

9

170,566

787

27,508

1,784

3,453

5,859

7,435

8,867

48,908

46,401

31,263

11,606

1,894

97

111,160

233

15,106

732

1,7(YI

3,i71

4,210

5,283

30,915

33,200

22,036

8,225

1,376

67

59,408

554

12,402

1,062

1,753

2,686

3,225

3,674

17,883

15,201

9,225

3,363

618

30

624,665

2,562

86,191

5,666

12,251

20,209

27,379

32,466

184,306

164,295

iii,533

37,992

5,7a

237

431,087

781

56,654

2,491

6,259

11,441

16,379

20,264

123,040

135,242

62,874

28,605

4,143

158

183,766

1,601

41,337

3,375

5,982

8,766

11,000

12,202

61,266

49,053

28,659

9:867

1,566

79

1,429,032

4,m3

167,566

10,C61

21,759

37,916

52,408

65,424

404,612

449,391

279,446

80,589

12,661

452

1,087,349

1.656

5,008

12,778

24,253

35,113

45,728

301,846

362,055

226,631

71,828

9,940

208

331,663

2,645

64,686

5,052

8,961

13,663

17,285

19,685

102,666

87,246

52,615

IR,641

2,841

143

1,149,856

1,937

115,948

5,350

12,339

22,417

32,496

43,344

288,724

362,5a3

254,173

63,453

11,735

413

964,376

940

66,055

3,244

8,428

16,260

24,427

33,695

244,632

331,105

220,467

70,800

9,771

w

165,520

997

29,893

2,106

3,910

6,157

8,071

9,649

54,692

51,478

33,706

12,553

1,964

107

357,377

362

27,462

1,1%

2,622

5,079

7,75a

10,687

85,554

121,160

87,654

30,536

4,507

140

313,455

212

22,042

7s

1,953

4,003

6,262

9,050

73,530

106,337

76,579

26,75a

3,667

110

43,922

150

5,420

352

689

1,076

1,476

1,647

12,024

12,823

9,075

3,780

620

xl

64,983

39

3,828

125

335

643

1,121

1,674

14,101

22,016

17,286

6,612

1,023

35

57,653

27

3,242

86

258

511

935

1,441

12,363

19,EW4

15,557

5,646

665

27

7.140

12

W3

29

76

132

1%

233

1,718

2,132

1,712

764

136

8

8,362

4

434

14

37

6a

114

181

1,630

2,723

2,350

1,024

180

7

7,187

347

6

28

68

66

156

1,361

2,376

2,047

864

167

5

1,175

4

87

8

8

20

26

25

269

347

303

140

23

2

4,234

28

621

38

81

124

187

190

1,103

1,225

879

305

70

3

3,070

10

354

13

46

65

117

113

754

935

700

256

56

3

1,164

18

267

26

35

58

70

77

349

2$X3

179

49

12
B!ack

3

Alleges............

Under 15years.......

16-19 yeara.........

15year3..........

16years..........

17yeare..........

18years..........

19years..........

20-24 yeara.........

26-29 years.........

30-34 year3.........

35-39 year3.........

40-44 yeare.........

45-49 year3.........

87,009

955

19,254

1,716

2,826

4,183

4,949

5,578

28,959

21,754

12,786

4,564

726

31

13.0

15.5

13.2

14.4

13.6

13.5

12.8

12.8

12.3

13.0

13.6

14.0

14.6

15.3

671,976

6,182

146,326

11,914

20,814

31,105

38,702

43,791

220,301

167,884

93,765

32,534

4,981

203

2,235 7,515

27 82

466 1,592

38 147

79 264

86 366

121 387

131 428

670 2,244

578 1,933

373 1,212

114 392

16 47 1 3

6,898

126

1,976

177

288

419

517

575

2,715

2,185

1,294

532

691

17,024

176

3,680

334

540

815

937

1,054

5,213

4,250

2,585

964

1497

51,337

634

ll,55il

1,019

1,657

2,497

2,687

3,390

16,117

12,808

7,302

2,562

445

19

158,916

1,723

37,917

3,213

5,589

8,126

10,035

10,954

52,719

37,429

19,598

6,525

963

42

253,963

2,416

58,052

4,704

8,248

12,366

15,407

17,329

85,487

62,155

33,048

11,045

1,695

65

136,240

821

25,633

1,917

3,479

5,370

6,696

8,176

44,108

35,576

21,146

7,471

1,139

41

31,093

136

4,449

308

573

891

1,191

1,488

9,238

8,838

5,754

2,315

348

15

4,935

11

498

22

80

102

126

178

1,277

1,464

1,101

468

897

8443

7486

19

22

19 m

244

20!3

91

132

976

17

244

26

33

48

68

71

204

224

144

356

1Less than 2,500 gram-s.

‘Equivalent of lb gram welghl III terms of pcwxfs ad curwx are es follows

Lessthsn500grams= l~rdlwnceorless

500-999 grams .1 pwnd2 cwces-2 pads3 mimes

I,OJO-1,489 grams=2 pwrds4 wnces-3 ~nds 4urrces

1,500-1,999 grams=3 pamds5 cwws-t prnds6 cunces

2,033-2,499 grams=4 pcmrds7 wIwes-5 pcunds6 cumxs

2, EW-2,899 grams .5 pcwds9 cunces+ pcwds9 CUnces

3,030.3,492 grams .6 pourds 10 cunces-7 pwrds 11 CUnces

3,500-3,ee9 grams .7 pcwds 12 CwCes-8 pwcds 13 Wrrces

4,CO0-4,499 gram=8 poutis 14 UJmxs-9 pwnds 14cunces

4,503-4,899 grams

=9 pcwds 15 Cww3s-11 pw-rds

o Wines

5,K?3 grams or more=t1 pcurds1 CXHX,Sor n-ore

31rduded in All chr.
30 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 16. Number and percent of births of low birth weight and number and ratio of births to unmarried women, by race of child: United

States and each State, 1988

[By place of residence]

LowL3kthwe/glrtl Births to unmarried women

Number Percent Number Railo per 1,000 live births

All All All All

Slate races 2 Whfle Black races2 Wh/te Black races 2 White Black racesz White Black

lJniIedStates, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connectlcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. ..,...... . . . . .

MichiganS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMexlco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYorkS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorihCarolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norih Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhodelsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TexasS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

WestVlrglnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

270,681

4,866

558

4,088

2,870

32,001

4,186

3,238

765

1,507

14,119

8,656

1,311

808

13,793

5,365

2,072

2,379

3,421

6,504

632

6,136

5,266

10,192

3,322

3,668

5,221

696

1,319

1,358

837

6,265

1,950

21,774

7,823

485

11,017

3,102

2,101

11,417

854

4,935

523

5,556

20,727

2,048

406

6,549

3,804

1,389

3,856

504

171,775

2,331

334

3,271

1,747

21,346

3,612

2,306

438

87

8,167

4,022

265

769

7,541

4,162

1,886

1,861

2,791

2,520

808

2,855

4,063

6,353

2,765

1,309

3,520

577

1,108

983

809

4,866

1,615

12,086

4,009

411

7,582

2,135

1,844

7,551

702

2,095

425

3,359

14,910

1,885

393

3,657

3,012

1,283

2,870

479

87,009

2,486

59

381

1,085

6,793

407

660

313

1,378

5,754

4,728

79

5

5,911

1,166

135

441

603

3,681

9

3,073

960

3,692

324

2,334

1,631

11

179

287

11

3,159

78

6,908

3,565

13

3,320

613

128

3,711

108

2,611

7

2,154

5,337

38

6

2,691

368

101

857

7

6,9

8.0

5.0

6.2

8.2

6.0

7.6

6.7

7.4

14,3

7.7

8.4

6.9

5.1

7.5

6.6

5.4

6,1

6.7

8.8

4.9

8.1

6.0

7.3

5.0

8.7

6.8

6.0

5.5

7.5

4.8

7.0

7.2

7.8

8.0

4.8

6.9

6.5

5.2

6.9

6.0

9.0

4.7

7.9

6.6

5.7

5,0

7.0

5,3

6.4

5.4

7.0

5.6

6.0

4.6

6.0

6.7

5.1

7.5

5.7

5.6

5.3

6.0

6.1

5.8

5.1

5.5

5.8

5.2

5.5

6.2

6.0

4.8

5.6

5.4

5.7

4.6

6.0

5.6

5.9

5.1

6.7

4,8

5.4

7.4

5.9

6.1

4.6

5.7

6.0

5.0

5.5

5.6

6.3

4.6

6.3

5.9

5.6

4.9

5.4

4.8

6.2

4.7

7.2

13.0

11.9

9.2

12.4

13.0

12.7

12.9

13.2

13.0

16.9

12.9

12.5

8.8

6.3

14.1

12.4

11.7

12.2

11.8

12.9

7.5

12.9

11.2

14.2

11.7

11.8

12.9

14.3

12.5

14.5

7.4

13.3

11.1

14.0

12.4

9.5

13.0

11.8

11.7

14.4

9.3

13.1

6.3

12.7

12.2

11.6

23.5

11.9

10.8

10.9

12.9

5.9

1,005,299

16,934

2,627

16,815

9,273

152,607

10,431

11,460

2,819

6,507

52,867

31,346

4,222

2,216

54,436

18,543

6,736

7,025

11,206

24,752

3,489

24,716

19,559

S0,195

12,235

15,824

19,124

2,430

4,333

3,432

2,503

28,560

8,711

84,381

25,622

1,578

42,446

10,600

9,435

43,919

3,262

16,722

2,334

19,511

58,820

4,221

1,510

22,126

16,150

4.948

15,526

1,229

539,696

4,150

1,016

13,302

3,745

111,706

8,691

6,933

1,213

227

23,614

7,928

592

2,062

22,421

11,907

5,798

4,714

7,855

5,470

3,404

8,589

13,926

13,804

8.977

2,483

9,926

1,443

3,053

2,184

2,357

13,177

5,937

42,330

7,682

1,038

23,981

5,777

8,238

24,075

2,427

4,088

1,212

7,823

36,562

3,668

1,481

8,683

12,573

4,364

9,817

1,073

426,665 257.1

12,744 276.6

183 233.9

1,670 286.7

5,476 264.7

31,804 266.2

1,436 195.5

4,297 236.4

1,599 270.9

5,973 617.4

28,850 287.1

23,283 296.0

137 221.7

18 140.8

31,561 294.5

6,532 227.1

800 176.7

2,084 181.1

3,315 219.5

19,074 334.9

24 203.2

15,469 326.2

4,850 221.8

16,166 216.1

1,883 183.3

13,195 376.1

9,079 250.0

29 207.8

977 181.2

1,089 190.6

41 144.1

15,073 242.7

324 322.5

40,605 300.7

17,193 262.6

23 156.2

18,222 264.4

3,133 223.6

679 235.6

19,473 265.1

683 229.3

12,575 303.4

23 208.5

11,621 276.9

2&792 197.2

152 117.1

13 186.2

12,986 237.6

1,742 222.7

576 226.5

5,095 219.3

44 171.6

177.2

105.8

139.9

243.1

142.8

269.0

179.9

170.9

165.0

136.7

173.0

119.3

129.2

136.5

163.0

167.0

159.7

138.9

172.6

129.1

202.6

175.6

183.6

124.3

148.7

114.4

158.3

146.3

140.1

146.3

140.0

147.0

270.4

207.2

116.5

115.5

180.1

161.1

224.2

175.7

193.8

123.5

132.1

147.4

145.0

106.0

185.1

131.7

200.9

209.8

159.1

160.6

634.9

607.2

284.6

543.8

656.6

592.9

454.1

659.4

662.4

731.5

645.3

615.1

153.4

225.0

752.5

691.1

691.4

574.6

647.5

635.5

200.0

565.0

620.3

1379.8

664.7

715.4

371.8

682.7

550.8

275.2

634.4

459.6

638.9

595.3

167.9

714.5

600.0

622.4

752.4

587.3

584.9

205.4

682.5

519.9

472.0

382.4

573.2

483.4

622.0

765.4

369.7

lLessthan 2,500 grams (5pounds80unces).

‘Includes races other than white and black.

3&4arltaJ~tatu~ Of ~ther Is inferred see Technl~l ~te~.
Table 17. five births by plurality of birth, age of mother, and race of child: United States, 1988

,

Live blrlhs in LiVe births in triplet and

All live btlhs Single live blrihs Iwin deliveries other plural deliveries

All All All All

Age of mother races 1 WLWe Black races~ WtMe Black races 1 Whtie Black taces 1 White Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,909,510 3,046,162 671,976 3,821,610 2,979,007 654,623 85,315 65,136 17,052 2,385 2,019 301

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-f9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2%Nyears.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3F+39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,586

478,353

25,605

55,150

95,869

133,370

168,359

1,087,472

1,239,256

803,547

269,518

39,349

1,427

4,073

315,471

12,870

32,500

61.537

118,836

604,622

1,010,748

661,414

217,754

31,088

1,012

6,182

146,326

11,914

20,814

31,105

36,702

43,791

220,301

167,684

93,765

32,534

4,981

203

10,444

471,707

25,366

54,564

94,605

131,471

165,701

1,046,858

1,210,236

781,419

261,302

38,434

1,406

4,014

311,468

12,738

32,181

60,828

88,761

116,978

790,191

987,723

643,306

210,e68

30,319

1,002

6,101

143,880

11,817

20,565

30,597

38,025

42,876

214,795

162,641

90,678

31,485

4,884

199

142

6,600

236

586

1,261

1,890

2,627

20,258

28,156

21,368

7,870

882

19

57

3,962

132

319

709

1,163

1,639

14,171

22,292

17,446

6,482

716

10

81

2,429

94

249

505

672

909

5,420

4,846

3,015

1,040

117

4

2

46

3

3

9

31

356

862

740

346

33

2

23

4

19

260

733

662

306

33

—

17

3

3

5

6

86

97

72

29

1Imti& mc~ otherthanwhileaml black.
32 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 18. Numbers, rates, and ratios of births to unmarried women, by age of mother and race of chiid: United States, 1988

Rate per 1,000 unmarried

Number women In specified group Ratio per 1,000 live births

All other All other

All

Al! other

All All

Age of mother races White Totai r31ack races white Total Black rasas White Total Biack

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005,299

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,907

16-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,499

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,456

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,101

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,580

18yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,659

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,703

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350,905

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,365

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,874

3S39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,408

40years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,341

539,696

3,522

168,641

10,105

22,535

37,861

47,577

50,563

186,598

105,218

51,596

20,109

4,012

465,603

6,385

143,858

12,351

21,566

31,719

36,082

40,140

164,307

91,147

43,278

14,299

2,329

426,665 ‘38.6 ‘26.6 ‘81.8 ‘88.9 257.1

6,111 --- --- --- --- 935.7

133,419 36.8 24.8 85.9 98.3 653.3

11,702

}

877.0

20,168 26.5 17.1 64.1 74.1 799.7

29,429 725.8

35,100

}

52.7 36.4 120.3 136.1 642.3

37,020 538.7

151,308 56.7 38.3 124.3 i 38.2 328.7

82,825 46.1 33.8 94.6 99.2 158.5

38,724 31.7 22.9 57.9 58.7 118.1

12,358 14.9 11.5 25.4 25.3 127.7

1,920 ‘3.2 22.6 25.5 25.3 155.5

177.2

864.7

534.6

785.2

693.4

615.3

629,1

426.2

231.9

104.1

78.0

92.3

125.1

539.3

980.0

883.2

969.8

952.1

923.9

876.6

807.3

625.1

398.9

304.5

276.2

267.8

634.9

988.5

911.8

982.2

969.0

946.1

906.9

845.4

686.8

493.9

413.0

379.8

370.4

i Rates computed by relating totsl births to unremled mothws, regardless of age of nmther, to unrnsrrled women aged 1S-44 years.

‘Rates computed by relating births to unmarried mothers aged 40 years and over to unmarried women aged 40-44 years.

NOTE For 42 States and the Oistrlct of Columbia, marlfal status of mothsr Is reported on the bklh cerllficatq for 8 States, nw!her’s marital status is lnferre~ see Technical notes.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 33

Table 19. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and race of child: United States, 1970-88

\qates are live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women [n specified group, estimated se of July 1]

Age of mother

15-19 year3

15-44 15-17 16-19 2W-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4&44

Year and race of child yearsi Total years years years years years years yearsz

Ali races

Reported and/or Inferred: 3

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19604 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Estlmated:5

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19774 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19764 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19744 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19724 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970’3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WhUe

Repotted and/or inferred: 3

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Est!mated.5

19604. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19774 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19744 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19724 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19705. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ali other

Reported and/or Inferred: 3

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38.6

36.1

34.3

32.8

31.0

30.4

30.0

29.6

29.4

28.4

27.2

25.7

25.6

24.3

24.5

23.9

24.3

24.8

25.5

26.4

26.6

24.6

23.2

21.8

20.1

19.3

18.8

18.2

17,6

16.2

14.9

13.7

13.5

12.6

12.4

11.7

11.8

11.9

12.5

13.9

81.8

78.3

74.6

73,2

71.4

72.3

73.9

75.4

77.2

36.8

34.1

32.8

31.6

30.2

29.7

28.9

28.2

27.6

27.5

26.4

24.9

25.1

23.7

23.9

23.0

227

22.8

22.3

22.4

24.8

22.8

21.5

20.5

19.0

18.5

17.7

17.1

16.2

15.9

14.6

13.6

13.4

12.3

12.0

11.0

10.6

10.4

10.3

10.9

85,9

81.6

79.7

79.4

78.3

78.3

79.2

79.2

61.7

26.5

24.5

22.9

22.5

21.9

22.1

21.5

20.9

20.6

20.7

19.9

19.1

19.8

19.0

19.3

18,8

18.7

18.5

17.5

17.1

17.1

15.8

14.6

14.2

13.5

13.5

12.9

12.4

11.8

11.7

10,8

10.3

10.5

9.7

9.6

6.8

6.4

8.0

7.4

7.5

64.1

61.3

59.1

59.1

59.3

60.2

60.7

60.3

63.1

52.7

49.9

48.9

46.6

43.0

41.0

40.2

39.9

39.0

36.7

37.2

35.1

34.6

32.1

32.5

31.2

30.4

30.9

31.7

32.9

36.4

34.2

33.2

30.9

27.6

28.1

25.1

24.6

23.6

22.8

21.0

19.3

18.7

16.9

16.5

15.3

14.9

15.1

15.6

17.6

120.3

114.1

112.3

102.9

106.1

104.6

107.0

109.0

111.6

56.7

63.1

49.7

46.8

43.2

420

41.4

40.9

40.9

39.7

37.7

35.3

34.0

31.7

31.2

3(3.5

31.5

33.2

35.5

38.4

36.3

35.8

33.5

30.9

27.8

26.4

25.7

24.9

24.4

22.4

20.3

16.1

17.4

15.8

15.5

15.0

15.5

18.6

18.7

22.5

124,3

116.6

109.5

105.7

101.3

101.1

102.1

104.5

106.6

48.1

44.3

42.0

39.8

37.0

35.6

35.1

34.7

34.0

31.4

29.9

26.5

27.7

26.8

27.5

27.9

29.6

30.8

34.5

37.0

33.8

30.7

29.2

27.3

24.5

229

22.2

21.6

20.7

17.3

15.9

14.8

14.4

14.0

14.8

14.7

15.9

16.5

18.5

21.1

94.6

89.2

82.3

77.9

75.8

77.3

78.9

80.1

79.1

31.7

29.3

26.9

25.0

23.2

223

21.9

20.6

21.1

78.5

17.7

16.9

16.9

17.5

17.9

18.4

20.3

22.6

25.2

27.1

22.9

21.2

19,2

17.5

16,1

15.3

14.7

13.6

13.6

10.5

10.0

9.4

9.3

10.1

9.8

9.5

10.6

121

13.2

14.2

57.9

54.2

50.8

48.6

45.0

44.7

44.4

45.6

46.9

14.9

13.5

12.2

11.6

10.9

10.3

10.0

9.8

9.7

8.4

8.4

8.2

8.4

9.0

9.1

10.0

10.8

120

13.3

13.6

11.5

10.3

9.3

6.6

8.0

7.5

7.1

6.9

6.6

5.3

5.1

4.8

4,9

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.9

6.5

7,2

7.6

25.4

23.9

21.6

21.4

20.5

20.1

20.0

19.7

19.2

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.6

26

3.0

3.1

3.5

3,5

26

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1,9

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.9

2.0

5.5

5.4

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.9

5.4

5.7

5.6

See fodnotes at end of table,
34 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 19. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and race of child: United States, 1970-88–Con.

[Rates are live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women In specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Age of mother

1519 years

15-44 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39

Year and race of child

4(?-44

years 1 Total years years years years years years yearsz

All other—Con.

Estimated: 5

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19774 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19764 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19744 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19724 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19719 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19706 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black7

Reporled and/or Inferred: 3

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19614 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Estimated:5

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19774 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19744 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19724 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19716 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970e . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78.0

78.2

76.5

77.4

76.4

79.0

80.3

83.2

86.2

90.2

89.9

88.9

84.7

80.9

78.6

76.8

77.7

79.6

81.4

82.9

83.2

83.0

81.1

82.6

81.6

84.2

85.5

68.6

91.6

96.1

95.5

83.0

83.9

81.2

84.0

82,5

86.3

87.3

88.5

91,8

92.0

90,8

98.3

92,6

89.9

68.8

87.1

86.4

87.0

86,8

89.2

90.3

91.0

87.9

90.9

89.7

93.5

93.8

94.9

98.2

98.6

96.9

64.0

64.8

63.2

67.2

67.5

70.7

73.2

75.6

77.6

75.4

73.3

74.1

70.4

67.4

67.0

66.8

67.1

67.6

66.9

69.6

70.6

71.0

68.8

73.0

73.5

76.8

78.6

81.2

82.6

60.7

77.9

113.4

115.3

111.6

112.7

108.9

114.3

113.4

112.8

119.3

125.4

126,5

136.1

127.5

125.0

121.1

116.2

114.0

115.8

117.6

120.2

121.8

123.3

119.6

121.7

117.9

123.8

122.2

120.5

128.2

135.2

136.4

108.2

107.1

104.9

103.1

101.1

102.1

103.0

107.8

112.4

120.6

121.0

138.2

129.9

121.4

116.1

110.7

110.0

110.2

112.5

115.1

116.0

114.1

111.4

110.1

107.2

108.0

109.6

116.0

121.2

130.6

131.5

79.1

77.7

76.4

74.4

74.0

73.2

77.0

81.0

83.3

92.6

93.8

99.2

93.6

86.7

81.4

80.0

82.0

85.5

86.4

83.9

82.9

60.0

79.6

76.6

76.0

75.7

80.3

84.5

86.3

99.6

100.9

46.2

44.8

43.6

43.7

43.4

47.9

50.9

55.6

55.7

65.3

69.8

58.7

54.2

51.1

48.8

45.0

45.3

45.8

47.2

48.2

47.0

44.8

43,9

45.7

45.0

50.0

51.8

57.8

57.4

68.6

71.8

18.5

19.1

18.2

18.5

18.7

20.0

23.2

26.2

29,0

32.2

32.0

25.3

23.5

21.6

21.3

20.3

20.3

20.1

20.4

19.6

18.5

19.3

18.5

19.0

19.2

20.5

24.3

27.6

30.4

32.7

32.9

5.3

5.7

5.6

6.6

6.9

6.9

6.6

7,2

8.2

10.4

10.7

5.3

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.9

5.4

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.9

6.2

6.6

7.0

7.2

6.7

7.7

8.5

10.1

10.4

1Rates computed by relating total bhths to unmarried mothers, regardless of age of nmther, to unmarried women aged 1S44 yeacs.

‘Frates computed byrelatlng blrtb6io unmarried rrmthersaged40 years amJover tounmarried women aged 4CH4years.

‘Data for States in which marital status was not reported have been Inferred end Included with data from the remaining States see Techdcal notes.

4Be$ed on 100 permnt of births in selected States and on a 50-percent sample of bidhs In all Otkr State$ See Technical~tes.

5mrlhsto unmarriedwomenare estimated for the United states from data for registration areas In which marital status Ofmcther Was re@e~ see T=hnical nOteS.

‘Based on a 50-percent sample C4 births.

71ncluded In Allot her.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 35

Table 20. Live births by interval since last live birth, live-birth order, and race of child: Total of 49 reporting States and the District of

\Columbia, 1988

+efers only to second and higher order birlhs. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to molher]

Total, Live-birth order

seoond and

higher order

Interval since Iast live bkth and race of child

8 and

blrthsi 2 3 4 5 6 7 over

All races 2

~ntervels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 months (plural dallverles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-llmonlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Ailintervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-n months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3647monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monfhsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Alilnletvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (pluraldelhferies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-llmonlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 monies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monthsormore. .,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,107,471

35,847

32,384

219,669

270,835

463,978

309,195

195,364

131,766

322,060

126.371

1,618,221

27,357

18,959

153,010

211,082

377,656

252,549

154,494

101,715

233,852

87,547

381,098

7,149

11,118

52,533

45,135

64,254

42,260

30,965

23,262

72,476

31,926

1,173,626

13,204

14,644

107,272

147,343

273,012

164,995

111,114

72,531

174,972

74,539

932,602

10,567

9,723

80,545

119,950

230,021

155,148

89,575

56,737

127,186

53,150

164,581

2,137

3,990

20,430

20,011

30,9W

21,725

16,108

12,206

39,623

17,371

578,830

12,006

9,049

60,664

71,500

117,152

62,062

56,603

39,964

99,191

30,619

442,979

9,325

5,265

42,307

54,910

93,502

66,361

44,878

31,253

73,781

21.397

108,196

2,260

3,251

15,041

13,083

18,373

12,066

9,023

6,745

20,583

7,751

216,130

6,276

4,755

28,968

30,281

44,726

26,757

17,851

12,535

31,712

12,267

t 54,300

4,702

2,38Q

18,201

22,110

33,919

20,339

13,338

9,150

22,239

7,912

49,829

1,350

2,039

8,834

6,504

8,445

4,995

3,525

2,662

7,773

3,702

77,966

2,514

2,133

11,861

11,611

15,828

8,946

5,884

4,197

10,286

4,704

51,126

1,656

932

6,611

7,710

11,240

6,344

4,110

2,903

6,896

2,722

21,115

752

885

4,211

2,980

3,462

1,957

1,345

1,004

2,765

1,654

32,001

1,015

954

5,423

4,956

6,814

3,546

2,205

1,479

3,481

2,126

19,653

608

361

2,761

3,139

4,650

2,467

1,464

984

2,232

1,187

9,274

365

473

2,040

1,332

1,580

805

555

377

1,025

742

f4,267

430

401

2,549

2,407

3,085

1,496

916

566

1,391

1,006

6,568

266

143

1,222

1,510

2,085

975

604

381

862

540

4,124

140

175

960

616

710

353

217

165

426

362

14651

402

446

2,912

2,737

3,359

1,389

791

476

1,027

1,110

8,793

231

145

1,363

1,753

2,259

915

525

307

656

639

3,969

145

205

1,017

8J39

714

339

192

123

281

344

1Excludasncl-statedbirth order.

‘lncludesraces otherthsnwhit.s mdblack.

NOTE: Excludes data for Texas, tilch did cot raquire repmtlng of dale C4 last live birth,
36 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 21. Live births by educational attainment of mother and father and race of child: Total of 46 reporting States, the District of

Columbia, and New York City, 1988

Education of mother Educat/on of fafher

All All

Years of school completed races i White Black races 1 White B\ack

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847,239 2,182,765 554,468 2,847,239 2,182,785 554,468

0-5years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,843 9,591 2,665 14,150 10,413 1,611

6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,739 10,650 1,907 12,673 10,675 1,078

7yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,248 10,021 4,331 8,428 6,868 1,013

8years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,696 40,951 12,425 34,295 30,001 2,921

9yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,805 72,746 26,652 51,744 44,136 5,561

Ioyears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,668 111,084 48,265 92,472 75,299 13,862

11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202,820 121,432 73,993 119,490 89,050 26,177

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,151,520 877,345 235,595 977,338 783,075 161,651

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,311 176,848 39,485 137,934 115,459 18,321

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,802 213,556 43,984 224,168 188,691 27,438

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,534 72,964 16,020 76,757 63,080 10,476

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341,157 297,695 28,846 340,357 303,132 23,591

17yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 152,647 133,417 10,524 233,949 208,397 11,036

Not Stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,449 34,485 9,576 523,484 254,509 249,732

‘Includes races other than white and black.

NOTE Excludes data ror Callrornia, New York State (exclusive of New York City), Terns, and Washington, which did not require reporting of educatiowai attainment of mother and father.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 37

Table 22. Live births by educational attainment of mother, age of mother, and race of child: Total of 46 reporting States, the District of

Columbia, and New York City, 1988

Years of school completed by mother

&a 9-11 12 1.?=15 16 years Not

Age of mother and race of child Total years years years years or more stated

All races 1

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Al[ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15yeare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3C-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3%39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Allages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,847,239

8,088

355,357

19,113

41,174

71,551

99,277

124,242

784,852

905,149

577,782

166,293

27.718

2,182,785

2,570

221,160

6,415

22,310

43,085

63,603

83,747

575,419

733,972

475,938

152,030

21,696

554,468

5,304

122,932

10,162

17,621

26,214

32,471

38,464

162,300

136,568

76,382

26,685

4,299

6,258

26,391

6,579

6,011

5,478

5.247

5,076

25,235

19,855

12,661

6,390

1,916

71,213

2,023

19,574

3,200

3,920

4,155

4,169

4,130

20,370

14,961

8,754

4,301

1,210

21,328

4,075

7,723

3,206

1,914

1,100

632

669

2,955

2,594

2,309

1,285

387

472,293

1,625

191,466

12,016

33,503

54,663

49,030

42,254

152,471

81,266

32,995

10,313

2,157

305,262

466

115,375

4,964

17,432

32,275

31,823

28,881

105,710

55,557

20,833

6,032

1,289

149,110

1,120

70,192

6,716

15,076

20,729

15,705

11,962

41,236

21,869

10,322

3,635

734

1,151,520

117,077

144

879

10,051

41,176

64,827

406,710

377,642

187,949

51,994

8,148

877,345

74,756

67

520

5,860

25,345

42,968

300,342

305,452

150,841

39,742

6,210

235,595

36,797

72

337

3,897

14,544

19,947

95,762

80,024

29,634

9,827

1,551

561,647

12,317

16

161

2,155

9,9s5

154,817

227,020

140,567

41,660

5,246

463,366

7,724

10

95

1,206

6,411

115,009

185,588

116,761

34,062

4,224

99,489

4,213

5

62

871

3,275

34,967

34,534

19,092

5,891

792

493,804

134

734

31,707

184,877

193,348

74,185

9,553

431,112

100

100

25,789

161,239

170,671

65,068

8,245

39,370

29

29

4,482

15,037

13,575

5,501

746

47,449

205

5,972

374

765

1,196

1,689

1,966

11,912

14,689

10,242

38731

698

34,485

81

3,629

.184

428

700

1,058

1,259

8,199

11,155

8,078

2,825

518

9,576

109

1,978

164

287

426

519

562

2,896

2,508

1,450

546

69

1includes races other than white and black.

NOTE Excludes data for Callforn!a, New York State (exclusive of New York Oity), Texas, and Wsshgton, which did cot require repmtlng of educational attainn?enf of mother.
38 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 23. Live births by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of child for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 30 reporting Statea

and the District of Columbia, 1988

Orlgln of mother

Hlspanlc Non-Hispanic

Central

and Other and

All Puerto South unknown Not

State orlglrrs Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Totalq White Black stated

Allreporllng States . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMaxico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norih Carolin a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norlh Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wastlngfon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,856,492

60,745

65,623

35,035

533,146

53,367

48,077

10,540

184,119

105,923

19,045

184,841

81,643

38,792

51,058

17,172

88,194

42,074

11,692

23,907

18,008

117,764

27,015

280,650

97,579

10,103

160,529

70,711

303,418

36,055

72,503

7,162

449,604

325

16,343

239

182,905

7,757

4,352

698

21,797

1,401

1,860

18,978

1,395

1,381

274

92

6,605

107

257

578

1,891

14,493

11,240

44,654

1,128

106

2,195

306

100,756

1,659

3,417

413

271,170

121

15,826

122

131,695

2,472

78

31

3,346

597

273

12,533

1,049

1,011

125

21

163

32

46

509

1,271

637

2,150

1,953

544

47

877

117

90,110

918

2,290

206

46,232

74

80

11

1,554

80

3,090

7

2,844

229

506

3,173

187

65

54

4

4,046

12

5

7

57

7,209

27

20,989

244

4

754

26

731

42

120

1

10,189

7

26

2

802

10

42

4

6,814

76

11

183

11

12

8

3

94

2

1

8

72

1,044

2

622

37

1

44

7

224

9

11

57,610

39

122

20

21,308

110

92

590

3,858

252

49

1,272

65

77

9

4

1,991

13

2

4

174

4,660

46

18,419

112

5

113

35

4,041

23

103

2

64,403

84

289

84

27,546

5,085

1,050

66

4,935

247

1,021

1,817

83

216

78

60

311

48

203

50

317

943

9,015

2,671

191

49

407

123

5,650

667

893

204

2,247,312

60,143

49,148

34,334

347,487

44,195

36,573

8,858

161,297

102,036

17,164

161,947

79,700

34,338

50,284

15,948

214

41,623

317

22,253

16,042

90,515

15,764

226,914

95,418

9,564

152,483

69,123

201,588

34,056

62,249

5,737

1,652,782

38,759

39,010

25,645

236,891

39,376

31,421

1,202

115,317

63,233

4,150

115,628

69,516

29,834

44,814

15,587

191

21,323

193

20,333

12,916

10,881

158,235

64,176

6,478

125,879

51,605

151,589

32,057

53,200

5,308

455,883 159,576

20,870 277

2,827 132

6,292 462

50,379 2,756

3,0:38 1,415

4,378 7,152

7,522 984

43,275 1,025

37,216 2,486

838 21

41,124 3,916

9,337 548

3,389 3,073

5,072 500

109 1,132

13 81,375

19,797 344

11,118

1,415 1,076

1,932 75

20,685 12,756

620 11

56,687 9,082

28,590 1,033

136 433

24,779 5,851

16,934 1,280

42,912 1,074

283 340

3,350 6,837

84 1,012

‘Includes races other than white and black,

Table 24. Number and percent distribution of [ive births by race of child, according to Hispanic origin of mother: Total of 30 reporting

States and the District of Columbia, 1988

Origin of mother

Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto South unknown Non– Not

Race of child orlglns Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Hispanic stated

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,856,492 449,604 271,170 46,232 10,189 57,610 64,403 2,247,312 159,576

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,214,935 426,824 265,679 41,300 9,721 50,895 59,229 1,652,782 135,329

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486,965 14,643 2,689 4,077 400 5,204 2,273 455,883 ‘16,439

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,592 8,137 2,802 855 66 1,511 2,901 136,647 7,808

Percent dlstrlbutlon

All races. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 94,9 98.0 89.3 95.4 88.3 92.0 73,5 84.8

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 3.3 1.0 8.8 3.9 9,0 3.5 2(-),3 10.3

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 1.8 1.0 1.8 0.7 2.6 4.5 6.2 4.9
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 39

&ble 25. f3irth and fertility rates, by Hispanic origin of mothen Total of 11 reporting States, 1988

Origin of mother

Hispanic

All Puerto Ofher NonMeasure origins Total MexEan Rican Cuban Hkpanicf Hispsn#

Bkthrate3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 24.1 23.2 19.6 9.6 34.2 15.7

Fetillily rate4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 96.4 88.0 67.9 47.7 116.6 65.7

Ilncludes Central ard South American and Other snd unknown Hispanic origin.

%xJudes origin not stated.

3Rate per 1,OW total population.

4Rate ~r 1,000 women aged 15-44 years.

NOTE The 11 Slates are Arizon% Gflforn!a, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Irvdiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, and Texas.

Table 26. Live births by age and Hispanic origin of mother and by race of child for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 30 reporting

States and the District of Columbia, 1988

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto South unknown

Age of mother origins 1 Total Mexkan Rk?arr CuOen Amerkxi’n Hiswk? Totalz White Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

15year3 . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

f7yeafs . . . . . . . . . .

18yeafs . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

J3-24years. . . . . . . . .

25-29 years......,..

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

4%19years . . . . . . . . .

2,656,492

7,951

354,357

19,326

41,226

71,233

96,333

124,239

779,714

894,985

586,732

201,567

30,104

1,082

449,604

1,621

72,237

4,257

9,123

14,677

19,665

24,315

143,226

126,830

72,305

28,027

5,104

254

271,170

1,021

45,820

2,732

5,801

9,360

12,493

15,434

69,155

74,109

41,503

16,327

3,059

176

46,232

243

9,643

598

1,269

2,125

2,593

3,040

15,924

11,652

6,109

2,210

434

17

10,169

14

W5

26

80

106

173

220

2,428

4,056

2,166

803

109

8

57,610

66

4,576

222

446

623

1,226

1,659

15,820

18,7S9

12,269

5,114

903

43

64,403

257

11,593

881

1,507

2,463

3,16a

3,762

19,899

16,214

10,258

3,573

599

10

2,247,312

6,094

268,652

14,465

30,691

53,734

74,695

95,067

601,033

715,280

473,698

158,857

22,944

754

1,652,762

1,585

158,776

5,662

15,296

30,646

45,591

61,581

423,225

557,121

121,648

16,915

465

455,883

4,300

99,930

8,271

14,326

21,171

28,262

29,870

149,398

113,244

63,245

22,218

3,439

139 .

f Includes origin not stated.

%ludes races other than white and black.

Table 27. Percent of births with selected characteristics, by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of child for mothers of non-Hispanic

origin: Total of 30 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1988

Hkpsnb Non-Hisp8nb

Central and Other and

All Puerto South unknown

Characteristic origins % Total Mexican Rican Cuban Amerban Hispanic Totalz Whiie Black

Fourth and higher order births . . . . . . . . . . , . 10.2 15.6 18.1 12.3 5.8 11.7 12.1 9,2 7.6 14.1

Births to unmarried mothers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 34.0 30.6 53.3 16.3 36.4 35.5 24.9 14.9 63.7

Mothers completing 12 years or more

ofschoo13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.4 57.5 43.1 54.6 81.9 8S.2 65.9 79.8

Molhers born in the United States. . . . . . . . . . 63.4 43.0

83.4 88.5

40.9 53.4 18.9 3.9 83.7 91.1

Mothers who began prena!al care in

95.4 %2.1

the flrsttrlmester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 61.3 58.3 63.2 83.4 62.8 67.3 77.3 82.0 50.8

Mothers who had late or no prenatal care. . . . . 6.5 121 13.9 10.2 3.6 9.9 8.8 5.6 4.1 10.9

6irfhsoflow bitthweight4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.2 5.6 9.4 5.9 5.6 6.8 7.2 5.6 13.1

Prelerm birtlw5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.8 10.6 13.3 9.0 10.1 10.6 10.4 8.2 18.5

l-minute Apgar score less than 76 . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.3 7.6 6.8 4.9 6.0 9.3 8.7 6.0 11.2

‘-minute Apgar score less than 7‘. . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 2.9

,ncludes origin not stated.

‘Includes races other than white and black.

s~c[udes data for California, NW York State (exclusive of New York Cty), Texas, erd Washington, which did not re@le repdhg of educational aHdnflWll of I@her.

4Birlh weight of less than 2,500 grams (5 lb. 8 oz.).

5Born prior to 37 completed weeks Ot geStatiCm.

‘Excludes data for California and Texas, which did not re~ire reporting of either 1-or 5-mirute Apgar smre.
Table 28. Live births by age of mother and specified race of child: United States, 1988

All American

Age of mother races 1 Whiie Black Irrdiarrz Chinese Japanese Hawaiian Filipino Other

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,909,510 3,046,162 671,976 45,871 22,904 10,483 7,661 24,612 76,598

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,588 4,073 6,182 155 3 1 18 24 124

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478,353 315,471 146,326 8,300 240 294 1,163 1,503 4,686

15years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,605 12,870 11,914 436 6 15 46 56 240

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,150 32,500 20,814 994 19 21 122 127 510

17yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,869 61,537 31,105 1,741 47 59 219 272 824

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,370 89,928 38,702 2,326 66 90 355 451 i ,347

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,359 116,636 43,791 2,801 102 109 421 597 1,765

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,067,472 804,622 220,301 15,622 1,987 1,136 2,446 4,820 15,664

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,239,256 1,010,748 167,684 12,279 7,697 3,264 2,251 7,479 26,822

30-34yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803,547 661,414 93,765 6,738 9,035 3,901 1,248 6,923 19,863

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269,518 217,754 32,534 2,354 3,502 1,642 466 3,241 7,775

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,349 31,066 4,981 406 427 241 66 601 i ,508

45-49years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427 1,012 203 15 13 4 3 21 156

1ln~lude~ biflhs Of other races n.d shown separately.

‘Includes births to Aeuts and Eskimos.

Table 29. Live births by birth weight and percent low birth weight, by specified race of child: United States, 1988

AsIan or Paclflc Islander

All Amerkan

Birth we/ghtl racesz Wtrite Black Indian 3 Chlnase Japanese Hawaik?n Fll@ino Other

Number

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan2,500grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan500grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-l,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . .,

1,500-l,999grams ..,...... . . . .

2,000-2,499grams d....... . . . . .

2,500-2,999grams. . . . , . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499grams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999grams. . . . . . , . . . . , , . .

4,000-4,499grams. . . , . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999grams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000gramsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstaled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,909,510

270,681

5,042

18,720

24,818

51,535

170,566

624,865

1,429,032

1,149,966

357,377

64,993

8,362

4,234

6.9

3,046,162 671,976 45,871 22,904 10,483 7,661 24,612 76,598

4,909

60

232

385

855

3,377

16,328

32,205

18,166

4,151

650

118

7i

171,775

2,677

10,591

14,948

32,399

111,160

431,097

1,097,349

964,376

313,455

57,653

7,187

87,009

2,235

7,515

8,696

17,024

51,337

156,916

2,781

31

164

276

525

1,785

6,609

16,476

14,104

4,730

952

147

72

1,081

7

60

75

189

750

4,440

10,090

5,898

1,185

181

21

8

646

7

40

41

109

449

2,171

4,470

2,505

599

74

8

10

519

8

27

37

83

366

1,407

2,907

2,122

575

100

19

12

1,736

15

74

136

319

1,192

5,272

10,314

5,691

1,370

200

16

13

136,240

31,093

4,935

844

3,070 976

Percent

Lessthan2,500grams .,....., ,... 5.6 13.0 6.1 4.7 6.2 6.8 7.1 6,4

1&@~/ents Ofthe gramweights In pounds snd ounces are shown in t*le 15.

‘Includes birthsof otherracesnotshownseparately.

31nciudesbirthsto Aleutsand Eskimos.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 41

Table 30. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, age of mother, and race of child: United States, 1988

Morrlh of pragnancyprenaial care began

No

All fst and 2d at 4ttr-6th 7th-9th prenatal Not

Age of mother and race of child bhi’hs months month months months care stated

All races 1

Allages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i7years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

+Oyearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Aliases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yeareandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,909,510

10,568

478,353

25,605

55,150

95,869

133,370

168,359

1,087,472

1,239,256

803,547

269,518

40,776

3,046,162

4,073

315,471

12,870

32,500

61,537

89,928

118,636

804,622

1,010,748

661,414

217,754

32,080

671,976

6,182

146,328

11,914

20,614

31,105

38,702

43,791

2213,301

167,684

93,765

32,534

5,184

2,094,026

1,937

144,967

5,788

14,129

26,983

40,370

57,717

494,723

747,814

514,753

167,493

22,339

1,743,369

745

101,644

3,145

6,824

18,263

28,706

42,906

3e9,220

640,103

441,607

141,212

18,438

257,378

1,120

38,651

2,466

4,861

7,896

10,376

13,05)

78,693

75,687

45,494

15,547

2,186

805,189

1,762

103,382

4,955

11,242

20,723

29,186

37,276

230.725

157,322

53,270

6,349

625,971

756

71,337

2@4

6,994

13,9S2

20,521

27,1 S6

175,422

202,022

127,693

42,277

6,464

136,955

979

28,572

2,180

3,893

6,051

7,656

8,786

46,011

35,741

19,524

6,960

1,148

665,643

4,322

157,230

9,917

20,222

32,943

43,760

50,388

232,938

163,287

86,560

32,847

6,659

465,927

1,543

98,590

4,707

20,334

26,352

33,830

159,168

115,991

62,665

23,237

4,733

181,876

2,657

52,987

4,884

8,168

11,502

13,603

14,630

63,081

36,608

18,765

6,543

1,235

159,866

1,465

41,532

2,866

5,586

8,806

11,399

12,871

56,750

34,541

17,413

6,578

1,587

105,348

605

25,511

1,405

3,184

5,316

7,179

8,427

37,772

23,612

11,981

4,533

1,134

44,048

832

14,222

1,349

2,192

3,103

3,702

3,876

15,712

7,984

3,710

1,320

268

72,996

655

17,371

1,207

2,299

3,548

4,766

5,553

25,701

16,607

8,603

3,297

764

43,480

260

9,945

572

1,221

1,963)

2,800

3,392

15,526

9,967

5,125

2,103

554

26,5W

370

6,937

604

1,005

1,489

1,831

2,008

9,276

5,850

2,999

961

167

91,788

407

13,871

870

1,672

2,886

3,889

4,554

26,635

26,648

16,896

6,233

1,098

62,067

164

8,244

407

910

1,672

2,370

2,885

17,514

18,853

12,143

4,392

757

23,159

224

4,957

429

689

1,064

1,334

1,441

7,528

5,614

3,273

1,183

180

1Includes races other than white and black.
42 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 31. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, number of prenatal visits, and race of child: Total of 49 reporting

States and the District of Columbia, 1988

Month of pregnancy prenatal care began

No

All 1s1and 2d 3d 4th-6th 7th-9fh prenatal Not

Number of prenatal visits and race of child births months month months months care stated

All races 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S6visils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19vlsitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

white

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visils . . .. i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6vislts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-2VMS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HVisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6v[sits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10VWS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11–12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14VMS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18vislts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visltsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated. .,, . . . . . . . ...’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,376,362

61,915

57,627

104,614

198,455

325,189

644,421

902,753

502,981

310,868

68,423

97,949

101.167

2,630,843

34,808

31,497

60,857

126,418

232,459

499,075

754,606

428,672

257,087

57,254

78,335

69,775

618,337

24,970

22,835

37,769

61,220

76,868

118,999

119,169

59,585

44,941

8,992

16,918

26,051

1,602,521

. . .

6,240

12,363

37,076

98,948

294,995

591,286

373,466

238,202

52,183

74,197

23,545

1,513,966

. . .

3,602

7,275

24,748

75,616

241,280

510,096

325,637

201,626

44,651

61,419

18,014

231,985

. . .

2,354

4,496

10,512

18,926

42,589

63,708

37,809

30,197

5,950

10,618

4,628

700,855

4,693

11,154

33,913

76,135

179,836

213,965

94,903

50,515

11,733

15,063

8,925

545,565

. . .

2,495

6,330

21,871

55,968

140,36a

174,492

77,248

39,966

9,350

11,166

6,277

127,939

. . .

1,972

4,222

10,241

16,474

32,080

32,046

14,302

8,856

1,959

3,423

2,364

587,761

. . .

14,862

41,518

91,256

126,690

154,105

88,763

30,912

19,420

7;607

8,669

390,641

. . .

7,083

22,776

55,924

65,040

106,847

63,649

22,930

13,420

2,839

5,001

5,132

169,450

. . .

7,024

16,372

30,265

35,258

40,241

21,518

6,839

5,313

974

2,397

3,229

138,711

.. .

29,175

37,079

32,983

19,807

9,996

3,918

1,305

935

181

421

2.911

88.903

.. .

16,911

23,079

21,950

13,503

6,926

2,783

973

680

134

269

1,695

41,716

. . .

10,391

11,736

9,110

5,195

2,572

951

263

223

41

134

1,102

61,915

61,915

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.,.

.,.

,..

. . .

. . .

34,808

34,808

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. ..

24,970

24,970

. . .

. . .

,..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

84,599

. . .

2,657

2,500

3,227

3,609

5,468

4,801

2,375

1,796

367

661

57,117

56,960

. . .

1,406

1,397

1,925

2,332

3,642

3,586

1,6$4

1,3T

E

47b

38,657

22,275

. .

1,094

943

1,072

1,035

1,517

946

372

352

68

146

14.730

i Includes races other than white and black.

NOTE Excludes data for California, which did not require repoting of number of prenatal visits.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 43

Table 32. Live births by period of gestation, birth weight, and race of child: United States, 1988

Period of gestation

42

weeks

Birth we[ghf 1and All Under 28 28-37 32-35 36 37-39 40 41 and Not

race of ch)ld bkths weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks over stated

All races 2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams. . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams. . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams. . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams. . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams. . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams. . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams. . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams. . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams. . . .

5,000 grams or more. . .

Not stated . . . . . . . . . .

White

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams. .

500-999 grams . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams. . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams. . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams. . . .

3,000–3,499 grams. . . .

3,500-3,999 grams. . . .

4,000-4,499 grams. . . . .

,500-4,999 grams. . . . .

J,000 grams or more. . . .

Not slate d, . . . . . . . .

Black

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams. . . .

5CK-WKI grams . . . .

1,UOO-1,4’19 grams. . . . .

1,500- l,9Jtigrams. . .

2,000-2s499 grams. . . .

2,5CI0-2,WE grams. . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams. . . . .

3,500-3,! 499grams. . . .

4,000-4,.KW grams. . .

4,500-4,999 grams. . . . .

5,000 grams or more. . .

Nat stated . . . . . . . .

.—

3,909,510

5,042

18,720

24,818

51,535

170,566

624,865

1,429,032

1,149,966

357,377

64,993

8,362

4,234

3,046,162

2,677

10,591

14,948

32,399

111,160

431,097

1,097,349

964,376

313,455

57,853

7,187

3,070

671,976

2,235

7,515

8,898

17,024

51,337

156,916

253,963

136,240

31,093

4,935

844

976

29,658

3,657

11,278

3,737

1,562

1,517

2,359

2,987

1,558

348

91

141

423

16,034

1,981

6,384

1,998

669

666

1,112

1,612

979

258

59

78

238

12,631

1,590

4,555

1,616

843

801

1,150

1,243

505

76

29

58

165

43,807

167

3,256

10,748

9,297

4,839

5,580

5,992

3,002

657

95

28

148

25,384

84

1,938

6,676

5,752

2,447

2,591

3,299

1,945

477

69

14

92

16,603

75

1,206

3,666

3,216

2,190

2,726

2,356

934

147

21

12

52

182,123

66

849

5,245

21,764

45,662

46,904

38,751

17,855

4,005

686

104

232

117,352

32

488

3,261

14,072

30,419

29,660

23,610

12,071

2,977

515

72

175

55,754

34

334

1,745

6,801

13,387

14,861

12,826

4,749

825

119

25

48

127,106

6

100

572

3,674

20,238

44,559

38,098

15,610

3,440

628

95

86

89,140

2

52

369

2,349

13,596

31,062

27,037

11,427

2,633

479

73

61

31,362

2

41

188

1,177

5,695

11,185

9,033

3,289

610

120

19

23

1,499,907

78

347

1,176

7,777

60,425

300,043

623,489

394,774

94,554

14,481

2,004

759

1,154,975

45

203

695

5,011

39,589

208,605

477,750

327,017

81,232

12,554

1,880

614

264,344

26

132

432

2,419

17,713

72,506

110,134

49,736

9,494

1,388

255

109

614,488

39

158

306

1,268

11,793

89,805

305,772

293,126

93,917

16,100

1,789

415

665,423

25

86

177

630

7,798

64,206

242,025

250,720

83,223

14,406

1,589

338

110,829

14

60

117

387

3,374

20,243

47,517

30,285

7,479

1,152

144

57

541,352

37

133

lea

777

6,372

48,909

181,507

205,084

80,026

16,149

1,917

261

451,101

23

75

111

486

4,229

35,176

144,957

177,412

71,969

14,728

1,706

Z’9

67,537

11

52

63

245

1,846

11,152

27,603

19,865

5,588

950

139

23

504,681

33

171

337

1,331

9,181

56,778

175,277

177,038

67,883

14,466

1,932

254

406,292

22

97

198

806

6,028

39,466

135,618

149,060

60,032

13,044

1,703

198

77,131

11

65

123

480

2,758

14,465

31,435

21,056

5,!336

953

153

46

166,386

959

2,428

2,517

4,085

10,539

29,928

57,159

41,919

12,547

2,297

354

1,656

120,461

463

1,268

1,463

2,424

6,388

19,219

41,441

33,725

10,654

1,999

292

1,125

35,765

472

1,066

948

1,456

3,573

8,628

11,816

5,821

1,268

203

39

453

f Equ,valem cdthe gram weigh!s in pounds and ounces are shown in table 15.

%ludes races other than !wh!te and black.
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report

Table 33. Live births by 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and race of child: Total of 46 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1988

5-minute score

l-minute score Not

and race of child Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

All races 1

Total . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

4:::::::::::::

5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. . . . . . . . . . . . .

lo . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notslaled . . . . . . .

White

Total . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. . . . . . . . . . . . .

lo . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not Stated . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 . . . . . . . . . . .

6: : . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. . . . . . . . . . . . .

lo . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . .

3,015,130

2,816

19,713

19,619

25,357

36,831

57,533

102,556

283,532

1,177,782

1,224,003

32,390

32,998

2,334,978

1,616

12,147

12,951

17,518

26,128

42,200

78,507

224,533

928,889

939,959

26,501

24,029

566,863

1,103

6,904

5,985

6,990

9,516

13,429

20,626

49,205

202,913

237,730

4,966

7,494

2,741

1,346

740

181

47

13

15

17

47

150

173

6

6

1,555

667

448

118

26

5

7

6

28

105

141

1

3

1,112

643

274

59

19

8

8

11

17

40

27

4

2

6,402

404

4,683

716

219

59

43

34

39

74

99

5

27

3,657

249

2,612

437

120

31

23

21

25

50

69

4

16

2,575

141

1,941

261

95

27

18

13

14

24

30

1

10

3,243

207

1,104

1,249

275

104

80

54

47

69

30

3

21

1,843

131

630

672

159

60

47

31

34

44

21

1

13

1,297

66

439

540

113

38

33

22

10

19

7

2

8

3,238

161

1,321

746

528

127

100

78

63

71

25

2

16

1,973

119

810

439

301

73

65

45

45

47

19

1

9

1,163

37

465

283

211

51

32

31

17

22

6

1

7

4,912

147

1,618

1,337

791

443

119

126

95

153

61

2

20

3,067

102

988

851

498

274

69

69

56

103

40

‘2

15

1,693

42

576

448

268

153

46

52

37

47

19

5

6,784

104

1,907

2,084

1,973

1,213

681

214

215

231

130

3

29

5,687

65

1,184

1,334

1,316

613

455

148

138

136

81

2

13

2,824

34

659

680

609

362

211

55

73

85

41

1

14

19,211

73

2,296

3,005

3,652

4,206

3,260

i ,590

455

407

228

5

34

12,993

50

1,443

1,971

2,422

2,959

2,240

1,132

310

301

140

4

21

5,627

21

765

936

1,114

1,147

914

412

129

97

79

1

12

49,110

75

2,133

3,244

5,253

7,602

10,961

11,452

6,021

1,666

8J37

7

89

35,479

46

1,377

2,219

3,602

5,352

7,959

8,574

4,622

1,255

419

5

49

12,047

25

673

911

1,475

2,026

2,658

2,516

1,221

339

167

1

35

233,451

89

2,001

3,710

6,361

11,086

19,128

38,900

82,277

67,315

2,283

35

264

778,752

59

1,351

2,585

4,532

7,924

13,992

29,580

64,191

52,645

1,718

24

151

46,690

25

579

993

1,610

2,768

4,454

6,079

15,360

12,202

488

11

101

2,150,352

147

1,639

3,089

5,932

11,496

22,123

47,835

186,511

1,052,864

817,734

327

655

1,657,242

86

1,121

2,143

4,316

8,258

16,490

37,008

148,492

827,061

611,603

278

386

410,090

52

452

810

1,386

2,631

4,904

9,130

31,377

184,001

174,879

37

229

500,25!5

40

80

139

247

399

932

2,155

7,607

54,34[1

402,118

31,924

280

408,285

31

59

110

186

326

789

1,822

6,483

46,820

325,348

26,133

176

74,223

12

16

20

51

59

127

276

911

5,941

61,851

4,885

74

33,431

17

191

119

79

81

91

101

155

434

515

71

31,577

24,445

11

124

72

40

51

64

71

109

320

360

4F

23,17

7,522

5

65

44

37

28

24

29

39

96

136

22

6,997

‘Includes races other than white and black.

NOTE:Excludes data for California, Delaware, Oklahoma, and Texas, which did not require reporting of either 1- or 5-minute Apgar scores.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ~ 45

Table 34. Live births by 5-minute Apgar score, age of mother, and race of child: Total of 46 reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1988

5-minute score

Age of mother Not

and race of child Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

All races 1

Alleges . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years. . . .

15-19 years. . . . . .

15yeare . . . . . . .

16yeare . . . . . . .

17yeare . . . . . . .

18yeare . . . . . . .

19yeare, . . . . . .

20-24 yeare. . . . . .

25-29 yeare. . . . . .

30-34 yeare. . . . . .

35-39 years. . . . . .

40-44 years. . . . . .

45-49 yeare. . . . . .

White

Allages . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years. . . .

15-19 years. . . . . .

15years . . . . . . .

16yeare . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . .

20-24 yaars. . . . . .

25-29 years. . . . . .

3-34years. . . . . .

S-39years. . . . . .

40-44 years. . . . . .

45-49 years. . . . . .

Black

All ages . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years. . . .

15-19 years. . . . . .

15years . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . .

17year3 . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . .

19yeare . . . . . . .

20-24 years. . . , . .

25-29 years. . . . . .

30-34 years. . . . . .

35-39 years. . . . . .

40-44 years. . . . . .

45-49 years. . . . . .

3,015,130

8,206

366,762

19,517

42,135

73,778

102,538

128,794

820,618

962,724

622,950

203,894

28,952

1,024

2,334,976

2,636

230,732

8,677

23,059

44,896

66,378

87,722

607,731

786,726

517,403

166,078

22,939

731

566,863

5,354

125,132

10,303

17,871

26,744

33,039

37,f75

185,951

139,976

78,467

27,533

4,260

188

2,741

19

477

40

63

111

132

131

784

778

462

194

26

1

1,555

2

224

15

26

49

66

68

366

492

303

132

15

1

1,112

16

244

24

36

59

64

61

376

269

144

53

10

6,402

49

1,118

85

158

212

303

360

1,746

1,729

1,236

452

71

1

3,657

14

513

26

59

97

149

182

934

1,033

808

304

51

2,575

34

581

59

98

113

141

172

774

650

392

129

15

3,243

21

541

30

70

115

147

179

951

867

626

195

39

3

1,843

8

263

11

23

59

72

98

514

536

376

120

25

1

1,297

11

267

19

44

54

74

76

413

305

216

72

11

2

3,236

16

542

36

65

122

153

164

926

904

588

223

37

2

1,973

4

282

14

32

61

79

96

530

5s7

392

152

25

1

1,163

12

245

24

31

56

72

62

374

2al

171

59

10

1

4,912

26

797

59

117

162

217

242

1,422

1,355

865

351

74

2

3,067

5

407

31

57

87

101

131

867

920

5a4

219

54

1

1,693

21

369

26

i%

72

110

105

525

390

259

111

17

1

8,784

42

1,465

116

191

301

409

448

2,560

2,456

1,574

562

120

3

5,687

19

791

41

93

165

237

255

1,5ae

1,712

1,099

391

86

3

2,824

21

636

72

a4

130

165

177

905

663

420

148

29

19,211

Im

3,277

228

425

672

923

1,029

5,451

5,369

3,510

1,266

230

8

12,993

31

1,670

84

207

374

554

651

3,609

3,834

2,555

am

179

6

5,627

67

1,335

137

207

283

350

35a

1,695

1,359

827

297

45

2

49,110

221

7,627

479

934

1,540

2,054

2,620

14,467

14,225

8,894

3,133

523

20

35,479

72

4,703

213

521

927

1,295

1,747

10,193

10,946

6,837

2,339

374

15

12,047

145

2,729

255

386

572

700

814

3,851

2,s33

1,729

63s

118

4

233,451

760

32,209

1,762

3,850

6,579

8,972

11,026

66,986

71,018

44,484

15,520

2,370

84

178,752

278

20,957

832

2,257

4,169

6,019

7,680

49,628

57,279

36,283

12,432

1,834

61

46,690

464

10,302

8s7

1,494

2,Z?0

2,674

3,027

15,226

11,385

6,521

2,362

398

12

2,150,352

5,779

260,464

13,768

29,749

52,414

72,891

91,642

584,907

689,473

444,806

144,184

20,046

691

1,657,242

1,762

161,392

5,977

15,992

31,404

46,389

61,630

429,746

561,728

369,133

117,137

15,863

481

410,090

3,660

91,028

7,400

12,892

19,435

24,190

27,111

135,216

101,475

55,979

19,466

2,912

134

500,255

1,009

54,067

2,617

5,955

10,734

15,240

19,521

131,637

164,410

108,812

35,200

4)940

180

408,285

388

36,685

1,314

3,520

7,046

10,729

14,276

103,793

139,862

93,308

29,857

4,053

139

74,223

598

15,855

1,257

2,280

3,423

4,138

4.759

24,181

18,468

10,719

3,755

622

27

33,431

144

4,178

275

558

816

1,097

1,432

8,781

10,138

7,071

2,614

476

29

24,445

53

2,445

119

272

458

688

908

5,945

7,799

5,715

2,086

380

22

7,522

87

1,539

143

253

327

363

453

2,415

1,910

l,OW

403

73

5

i Includes races o!her than whiie and black.

NOTE Excludes data for Califorda, Delaware, Oklahoma, smd Texas, wtich did not require reporting of 5.minute Apgar ssore.
46 ~

Technical notes

Source of data

Data shown in this report for 1988

are based on 100 percent of the birth

certificates in all States and the District

of Columbia. The data are provided to

the National Center for Heakh Statistics tlmough the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP). In 1984 and

earlier years, the VSCP included varying numbers of States, which provided

data based on 100 percent of their birth

certificates. Data for States not in the

VSCP were based on a 50-percent sample of birth certificates filed in those

States. Information on sampling procedures and sampling errors for 1984 and

earlier years is provided in the annual

report, PM Statistics of the United

States, Volume I, Natality.

Concurrent with the 1978 revision

of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live

Birth, NCHS recommended that States

add items to identify the Hispanic or

ethnic origin of the newborn’s mother

and father. Data for Hispanic origin

shown in this report are for the 30

States and the District of Columbia that

reported this information in 19S8.

Questions on parents’ origin were generally in one of two basic formats. The

first format was directed toward the

Hispanic population and asked whether

the mother and father were of Spanish

origin. If so, the specific origin, such as

Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban, was

to be indicated. The second format was

an open-ended item to obtain the specific origin or descent of each parent

(for example, Italian, Mexican, German, Puerto Rican, English, or Cuban).

The data by Hispanic origin shown

in the [ables are for births to all residents of the reporting area, regardless

of where the births occurred. Births occurring in nonreporting States to residents of the reporting area are included

in the “not stated” origin category.

Racial classification

The racial designation used in this

report is that of the child, which is determined from the race of the parents

as entered on the birth certificate.

Where the parents are of different races

and one parent is white, the child is

assigned to the other parent’s race.

When the parents are of different races

and neither parent is white, the child is

assigned to the father’s race with one

exception: If the mother is Hawaiian or

part Hawaiian, the child is considered

Hawaiian. When the race of one parent

is missing on the certificate, the child is

assigned the race of the other parent.

When race is not reported for either

parent, the child is assigned the race of

the child on the immediately preceding

record.

Population denominators

Birth and fertility rates for 1988

shown in tables 1 and 3–5 are based on

populations estimated as of July 1,

1988. The population estimates for the

United States were published by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census (17) and are

based on the 1980 census count. The

1980 census counts by race were modified to be consistent with Office of

Management and Budget categories

and historical categories for birth data.

The modification procedures are discussed in detail in a U.S. Bureau of the

Census report (18).

Birth and fertility rates for the Hispanic population, shown in table 25, are

based on estimates of the Hispanic

population from the Current Population Survey conducted in March 1988

(11), Beginning with 1986, the Current

Population Survey figures include estimates of undocumented immigrants

(19). The effect of this change maybe

to reduce the levels of the birth and

fertility rates by about 1 percent.

Estimates of the Hispanic population were provided for 11 States—

Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida,

Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New

Mexico, New York, Ohio, and Texas.

These estimates are consistent with

postcensal independent estimates of the

Hispanic population for the United

States by age and sex, based on 1980

census data. The population data are

based on small samples and may, therefore, be subject to substantial sampling

error. Information on the derivation of

NOTE: A list of references follows t;-- text.

these estimates and the samplling errc

is provided in a U.S. Bureau of the

Census report (11).

Computation of rates

In computing birth and fertility

rates for the Hispanic population,

births with origin of mother not stated

are included with non-Hispanic births

rather than being distributed. Thus,

rates for the Hispanic population are

underestimates of the true rates to the

extent that the births in the n-State

area with origin of mother not stated

(1.9 percent) were actually to Hispanic

mothers. The population with origin

not stated was imputed. The effect on

the rates is believed to be small.

Births by marital status ot

mother

Beginning with 1980 data, national

estimates of births to unmarried

women have been derived from tw

sources. In 1988, marital status was reported directly on the birth certificate

by 42 States and the District of Columbia. In the remaining 8 States, which

lack such an item, marital status is inferred from a comparison of the child’s

and parents’ surnames. This prc~cedure

represents a substantial departure from

the method used before 1980 to prepare national estimates of births to unmarried women. The previous method

assumed that the incidence of births to

unmarried women in States with no direct question on marital status was the

same as the incidence in reporting

States in the same geographic division.

The current method represents an

attempt to use related information on

the birth certificate to improve the

quality of national data as well as to

provide data for the individual nonreporting States. An evaluation of this

method and its validity for California

(the largest nonreporting State) has

been published (20). Because of the

continued substantial increases in al

measures of nonmarital childbearing in

1988, an intensive evaluation of the national data was made. There has been

continuing concern that the current

method, incorporating data basecl on a
comparison of surnames, might over-

-tate the number of births to unmarried

]men. This is because births to

,(omen who have retained their maiden

surname as their legal surname after

marriage and who are frequently older,

well-educated women, would be classified as births to unmarried women. The

evaluation included comparisons of

trends in nonmarital births in States

with a marital status item on the birth

certificate with trends in those States

providing inferential data based on a

comparison of surnames. Trends for

the 1987–88 and 1980–88 periods were

evaluated. The comparisons were made

for white and black births separately by

age of mother. The results were generally similar for both sets of States, but

nonmarital births increased at a slightly

faster rate in the States with a maritalstatus item on the birth certificate than

in the States providing inferential data.

This pattern was observed for both

white and black births.

Computation of percents,

ercent distributions, and

~ledians

Births with unknown live-birth order, attendant at birth, educational

attainment of mother, nativity of

mother, month of pregnancy in which

prenatal care began, number of prenatal visits, interval since last live birth,

birth weight, length of gestation, and 1-

and 5-minute Apgar scores were subtracted from the figures for total births

that were used as denominators before

percents, percent distributions, and medians were computed. In the case of

birth intervals, the percent distributions

exclude the second, or later, born child

in a multiple delive~ (interval of O

months). Percent distributions and the

median number of prenatal visits also

exclude births to mothers who had no

prenatal care. Computations of the median number of prenatal visits were

based on tabulations of ungrouped

data.

Random variation

Although the birth data in this report for births since 1985 are not subject to sampling error, they may be

affected by random variation in the

number of births involved. When the

number of events is small (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such an

event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Categoy not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less

than 500 where numbers are

rounded to thousands

,

data. More information on this topic is

included in the Technical Appendix of

the annual report, Utal Statistics of the

United States, Volume I, Natality.

Related reports

Many of the topics discussed in this

report are covered in more analytical

detail in other reports published by the

National Center for Health Statistics.

Topics of reports published in the past

5 years include American Indian and

Alaska Native births (21), first births to

older mothers (l),low birth weight (8),

and births of Hispanic parentage

(22-24). Also available is a report evaluating inferred birth statistics for unmarried women in California (20).

NOTE A list of references follows the text.

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision
48 ~ Monthly Vital !Matistics Report

This report presents summary tabulations from the final natality statistics for 1988.

More detailed tabulations for 1988 will be published in Wal Statistics of the United

States, Volume I—iVata/ity. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National

Center for Health Statistics will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever

possible.

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance

report of final natality statistics, 1988. Monthly Copyright information

vital statistics repofi vol 39, no 4, suppl,

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Selvice. This report may be reprinted without further

1990. permission.
Vol. 40, ‘No. 4, Supplement. August 26, 1991

Monthly Vital

StatisticsReport

Final Data From the National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Marriage Statistics, 1988

Contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Number and rates ...,... 2

Geographic variation . . . . . 3

Monthly and daily

variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Total marriage rate . . . . . . 4

Rates by marital status

adage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Previous marital status . . 4

Age at marriage . . . . . . . . . 5

Interval to remarriage . . . . 5

Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Educational attainment . . . 5

List of detailed tables . . . . 8

Technical notes . . . . . . ...22

Highlights

A total of 2,395,926 couples married in the United States in 1988, a

slight decrease from 1987 (0.3 percent) and the fourth consecutive

annual decline.

The rate of marriage also

declined, from 9.9 per 1,000 total population in 1987 to 9.7 in 1988, lower

than it has been since 1967. This represented the fourth consecutive annual

decline in the rate. Between 1972 and

1988 the marriage rate for unmarried

women 15-44 years of age dropped

every year except 1981, reaching a

record low of 91.0 per 1,000 in 1988.

The persistent decline in this rate indicates that quite apart from variations

in the size of the marriageable population, there has been a persistent

decline in the rate at which eligible

women marry.

Marriage rates were highest for

men and women in their twenties and

dropped after age 30. Single women

ages 20-24 were 5 times as likely to

marry as single women 40-44 and 34

times as likely to marry as single

women 60-64. The drop was not as

steep for men as for women, Single

men aged 25-29 were 3 times as likely

to marry as single men 4044 and 20

times as likely to marry as single men

60-64.

The age distribution of brides and

grooms shifted to older ages during the

1970’s and 1980’s. In 1988 proportionately fewer brides and grooms were

under 25 years of age when they first

married and more were between 25

and 40 years than in 1970.

The increase in age at marriage is

summarized by the median and mean

ages at marriage. The median age of

brides at first marriage rose every year

since 1974, from 20.6 to 23.7 in 1988,

increasing 3.1 years. The median age

of grooms at first marriage also rose

for 14 consecutive years, from 22.5 in

1974 to 25.5 in 1988.

The majori~ (54 percent) of marriages united brides and grooms who

were both single. The next most frequent combination (19 percent) was

that both spouses were previously

divorced. Relatively few (1 percent)

were both widowed. In 1988 the proportion of single brides who married

previously divorced grooms was virtually the same as the proportion of previously divorced brides who married

single grooms (11 percent each).

The interval between marriages

lengthened between 1970 and 1988.

The median interval since last marriage ended for previously divorced

women was 2.5 years in 1988, up from

1.0 years in 1970. The interval to

remarriage for previously divorced

men increased from 0.9 years in 1970

to 2.3 years in 1988.

White brides and grooms were

younger than black brides and grooms

at first marriage and at remarriage

after divorce.

People with more education generally married at a later age than those

with less education. The average age at

which previously single high school

graduates married was 23.4 years for

**SUWC<*.

*+ %,

*+

#

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

2* Public Health Service

s

s Centers for Disease Control

‘-%.> National Center for Health Statistics —CDCFMmas mNrmL

Manning Feinieib, M.D., Dr. P.H., Direetor
2 ~ Monthly Vital $tatistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~

aa

80

25

10

5

0

$\ ,

\/

1

\

t I

Rate per-l ,000 population \

wh,

Y

\

‘\

I I 1 1 I I I 1 I 1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 r I 1 I I I 1 I I 1 I 1 I I I t I I I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 [ 1

1940 1845 1950 1955 19%0 1905 1970 1975 198o 1985 1880

120

110

80

50

=-.- .. ...s ,..”=- ------ . . . . . . . . . . ...-”. .“ .- ““

women and 25.2 for men. The average Though slight, this was the fourth con- 1984, and then declined every year

age at which single college graduat~s

married was 26.7 for women and 28.2

for men. These figures indicate that

men and women currently remain

unmarried for several years after they

have completed their formal

education.

The increase of about 3 years in

the average age at first marriage

between 1970 and 1988 is related in

part to an increased proportion of men

and women going to college. But this is

not the only factor. Generally, even

those that did not attend college married later in 1988 than in 1970, In fact,

the average age at first marriage

increased by at least 2 years for all but

the lowest educational grouping for

both brides and grooms.

Number and rates

In 1988, 2,395,926 couples married

in the United States, a slight decrease

from 1987 (0.3 percent) (table 1).

--

secutive annual decline. The duration

of the downward trend is unusual inasmuch as the number of marriages

increased in 31 of the 48 years between

1940 and 1988 and never before

dropped for more than 3 years consecutively, There was an increase in

marriages at the beginning of World

War 11; an abrupt drop in 1943 and

1944, when millions of young men

were overseas in the Armed Forces;

and a postwar surge to 2,3 million in

1946, a figure that was not exceeded

until 1979. The postwar surge receded

quickly during the late 1940’s, and the

annual total fluctuated around 1,5 or

1.6 million in the 1950’s. During the

14-year period 1959–73, the annual

total of marriages increased every

year, reaching 2.3 million again in

1973. During the mid-1970’s, marriages dipped for 2 years before

resuming their upward trend. The

annual total fluctuated again in the

1980’s, reached an all-time high in

from 1984 through 1988. Pro~is;onal

data indicate that the number of marriages increased slightly again in 1989 .

and 1990.

The rate of marriage also

declined, from 9.9 per 1,000 total population in 1987 to 9.7 in 1988, J.ower

than it has been since 1967 (figure 1),

This represents the fourth consecutive

annual decline in the rate. Unlike the

trend in the number of marriages,

which was generally upward during the

1940-88 period, the marriage rate has

cycled up and down several times in

response to wars, economic cycles,

variations in the number of young

adults reaching marriageable age, and

changes in marital patterns. The rate

per 1,000 total population reached a

historic high of 16.4 in 1946 in the

wake of demobilization and a low of ~

8.4 in 1958, when an economic recession combined with small numbers of

young adults reaching marriageable

age. The rate rose again, crested at
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 3

10.9 in 1972 (less than the record

high), and fell to 9.9 in 1976-77 before

another, weaker recovery to 10.6 in

1980-82, After 1982 the marriage rate

declined to 9,7 per 1,000 population in

1988. Provisional data indicate that the

rate stabilized in 1989 and increased to

9.8 in 1990.

One of the underlying factors that

account for cycles in the marriage rate

is the variation in the number of

unmarried young adults who reach

marriageable age. A rate that takes

into account fluctuations of this kind is

the marriage rate per 1,000 unmarried

women 15-44 years of age. Between

1972 and 1988 this rate dropped every

year except 1981. The rate reached a

record high of 199.0 per 1,000 unmarried women 1544 years of age in 1946,

Then the rate drifted generally downward, dropping below 100 in 1983 and

continuing down to 91.0 in 1988. The

persistent declines in this rate indicate

that quite apart from variations in the

size of the marriageable population,

there has been a persistent decline in

the rate at which eligible women

marry.

Geographic variation

Although the national total of

marriages declined slightly in 1988,

data presented in table 2 indicate that

the decrease occurred in only 13 States

and the District of Columbia and that

the magnitude of the decrease was

large in just a few States. Substantial

declines were reported by California

(down 4,887), Nevada (down 6,308),

Texas (down 15,408), and Illinois

(down 17,311). The number of marriages in I1linois dropped from 95,613

in 1987 to 78,302 in 1988, when a new

law required that all applicants for

marriage licenses have a blood test for

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection.

It is well recognized that the strictness of legislation in a State affects the

level of marriage in that State relative

to other States. Some States, such as

Texas, do not require premarital blood

tests. In Illinois, there already was a

required blood test for syphilis in 1988

when the HIV test was added. Such

tests are intended to protect the health

of the potential spouse and future

children by making applicants aware of

serious contagious illnesses.

In 1988, presumably because of

the blood test for HIV, many residents

of Illinois chose to marry in other

States, and some people may have

chosen not to marry at all. Data are

not available by State of residence for

all 50 States, but the number of Illinois

residents who married was reported

for places in the marriage-registration

area (MRA), which comprises 42

States and the District of Columbia.

The total number of Illinois women

who married within the MRA dropped

8 percent, from 97,981 in 1987 to

90,016 in 1988. The number of Illinois

brides who married in their home

State dropped 18 percent from 90,350

to 74,073. The number of Illinois

brides who married in other States,

particularly neighboring States,

increased substantially, doubIing and

even more than tripling in some States.

The 8-percent decline in the

number of marriages in Texas in 1988

may be due in part to the institution of

a 3-day waiting period. State publications also suggest that the decrease

may be attributed to the general economic climate, explaining that a flagging economy and lack of employment

opportunities can result in postponement of marriage and can also cause

outmigration of younger individuals

who are most likely to marry (l).

Marriage rates based on the place

where the couple married differed by

region of the country and by State

(table 2). As in previous years, rates

for the Northeast and Midwest (8.4 in

each) were substantially lower than

rates for the South (10.8) and West

(11.0). These differences were even

more pronounced in 1978. Compared

with 1987, the marriage rate was

unchanged in the Northeast, declined

1 percent or less in the Midwest and

South, and dropped nearly 4 percent

in the West.

Rates of marriage varied considerably among States, from 6.7 in Illinois

to 15.7 in Hawaii and South Carolina

and 111.3 in Nevada. California, New

Mexico, Nevada, Texas, and I1linois all

‘Texas Department of Health. Texas Vital Statistics 1988. Austin, Texas: Texas Department of

Health. 1989.

reported substantial declines in rates

of marriage in 1988. However, two of

those States, Nevada and Texas, still

had marriage rates that were well

above the national average. The other

three, California, New Mexico, and

Illinois, had rates considerably below

the national average.

Some of these differences among

States are attributable to out-of-State

marriages. For example, for years

many California residents have married in Nevada, and in 1988 many Illinois residents married in nearby

States. Several of these nearby States

showed sharply increased rates: Iowa

(10 percent), Wisconsin (9 percent),

Tennessee and Kentucky (6 percent

each), and Missouri and Indiana

(3 percent each), These increases

reflect in part the Illinois residents

who married in these nearby States.

However, the rates in these States for

1989 can be expected to drop because

the legislation that required a blood

test for HIV in Illinois was repealed in

June of 1989.

Tables 1–3 are based on total

counts of marriages that are obtained

annually from all States and the District of Columbia. Tables 4-14 contain

detailed demographic information

about brides and grooms. This information is drawn from a sample of certificates of marriages performed in the

marriage-registration area. Eighty-one

percent of all marriages in 1988 took

place in the MRA. The national

number of marriages declined 0.3 percent in 1988, but the number in the

MRA increased 0.6 percent. This is

because some of the eight States that

are not in the MRA are among the

States where marriages dropped

sharply, in particular Texas and

Nevada.

In the following discussion of

tables 1–3, related information from

the MRA has been used to enhance

the analysis.

Monthly and daily variation

In 1988 marriages continued to

follow the typical seasonal swings from

low in the winter to high in the

summer months (table 3). June was

the month in which the greatest

number of couules . married. and
4 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) . August 26, 1991

January had the fewest. In 1987 the

months with the highest and lowest

numbers of marriages were the

same – but even though the annual

total in 1988 was less than that for

1987, 6 months (March, April, July,

September, October, and December)

had more marriages in 1988 than in

1987. This annual variation in monthly

totals corresponds in part to the

number of Saturdays a month contains

in a particular year. More than half of

U.S. marriages were performed on

Saturdays, so having a fifth Saturday

among the 30 or 31 days in a month

causes a substantial increase in the

monthly marriage total.

Valentine’s Day in 1988 (a Sunday)

had more marriages than any other

day in February. The day in 1988 on

which the greatest number of marriages occurred was Saturday, June 25.

Total marriage rate

The total marriage rate is a hypothetical rate that combines a set of

annual rates for different age groups

to show what the lifetime implication

of a set of rates would be if they were

to continue. In 1988 the total marriage

rate per thousand was 1,115.7 for

women and 1,145.2 for men (table 4).

The rate may be separated into a firstmarriage rate and a remarriage rate.

In 1988 the total first-marriage rate

was 709,1 for women and 702.1 for

men, higher than these rates have

been since 1982. This means that if

current age-specific rates were to continue, 71 percent of women and

70 percent of men would marry at

least once. Both rates rose for the

second consecutive year in 1988. In

contrast, total remarriage rates

declined for the second consecutive

year. The total remarriage rate was

406,6 for women and 443,1 for men.

That is, for every 100 women there

would be 41 remarriages, and for every

100 men there would be 44 remarriages. Some of these marriages would

be third or higher order marriages.

Rates by marital status and age

The marriage rates for unmarried

women aged 15-44 and 15 years and

over in table 1 show the trend in marriage for all unmarried women,

without regard to whether they were

single or had been divorced or widowed. Information about the previous

marital status of both bride and groom

is available from 38 States and the District of Columbia in the MRA and is

important in understanding the

decline in the marriage rate,

It is clear from the data in table 5

that marriage rates for both sexes and

for each previous marital status have

dropped substantially since 1970. The

marriage rate for single women has

dropped 37 percent; for divorced

women, 36 percent; and for widowed

women, 48 percent. The marriage rate

for single men dropped 40 percent;

for divorced men, 46 percent; and for

widowed men, 38 percent.

Table 5 also shows that the marriage rate varies enormously according

to previous marital status. In 1988 the

marriage rate for single women was

58.4 per 1,000, 26 percent below the

marriage rate for divorced women

(78.6) but more than 10 times the rate

for widows (5,3). The 1988 marriage

rate for single men (48.3 per 1,000)

was less than half the rate for divorced

men (109.7) but nearly twice the rate

for widowed men (25.1). Thus, marriage rates were higher for divorced

than for single persons, and rates for

both single and divorced persons were

far higher than rates for widowed persons.

Throughout the 1970-88 period,

marriage rates for single women were

consistently higher than marriage rates

for single men. In contrast, marriage

rates for divorced women were consistently lower than marriage rates for

divorced men, and marriage rates for

widowed women were a small fraction

of rates for widowed men.

Table 6 shows marriage rates by

age as well as by previous marital

status of brides and grooms. Regardless of marital status, marriage rates

reached a peak for men and women in

their twenties and dropped after age

30. For example, in 1988 the marriage

rate for single women was 28.9 per

1,000 for those 15-19 years of age, rose

to 106.7 for those aged 25–29, and

dropped substantially with each additional 5 years of age. Single women

aged 25-29 were 5 times as likely to

marry as single women aged 40-44 and

37 times as likely to marry as single

women aged 60-64 years. Tlhe marriage rate for single men was 10,5 per

1,000 at 15-19 years of age, climbed to

93.9 at 25-29 years of age, and then

also dropped with each additional 5

years of age. The decline, however,

was not as steep as that for women.

Single men aged 25-29 years were 3

times as likely to marry as single men

aged 40-44 and 20 times as likely to

marry as single men aged 60-64 years.

Although at younger ages marriage rates for single and divorced

women were higher than rates for

men, there is a crossover point at

which men’s rates exceed women’s.

For example, women who were 20-24

years of age and previously divorced

had the highest rates of marriage of

any group shown in table 6 (262.2 per

1,000), For each age group after 20-24

years, however, marriage rates for

divorced men exceeded rates for

divorced women, the men being twice

as likely as women to remarry at ages

40-44 and 3 times as likely at ages

60-64. In part these higher marriage

rates for men reflect the higher death

rates of divorced men, which reduces

the pool of divorced men available for

remarriage, thus raising the marriage

rate for those who are alive. It is also

true that single and widowed men die

at higher rates than do single and widowed women.

Previous marital status

The majority (54 percent) of marriages united brides and grooms that

were both single (table 7). The next

most frequent combination (19’ percent) was that both spouses wero previously divorced. Relatively few

(1 percent) were both widowed. In

1988 the proportion of single brides

who married previously divorced

grooms was virtually the same as the

proportion of divorced brides who

married single grooms (11 percent

each), Widowed men married divorced

and widowed women in almost equal

proportions. During the 1970’s, when \

the number of divorces was climbing

steadily, the proportion of brides and

grooms who had been divorced also

increased and the proportion of
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 5

primary marriages (first marriages for

both brides and grooms) declined from

69 percent in 1970 to 57 percent in

1980. During the 1980’s the proportions began to stabilize, and in 1988 the

proportion of marriages of divorced

men to single or divorced women actually decreased. The percent of marriages increased for two groups

between 1987 and 1988 –primary marriages and marriages of single men to

divorced brides.

Age at marriage

There was a shift in the age distribution of marriages to older ages

during the 1970’s and 1980’s (table 8).

In 1988, 18 percent of the previously

single brides were teenagers, down

from 30 percent in 1980 and 42 percent in 1970. In 1988,43 percent of the

previously singIe brides were aged

20-24 years, down only slightly from

47 percent in 1980. The biggest

change in the age distribution since

1970 was the increase in the proportion of previously single brides who

were between 25 and 40 years of age.

The proportion of brides who were

25-29 years of age when they married

for the first time doubled from 1970

(8 percent) to 1980 (16 percent) and

tripled from 1970 to 1988 (26 percent). The ages of previously single

grooms showed the same shift after

1970. There was a decrease in the proportion of single grooms under 25 and

a corresponding increase in the proportions over 25 and under 40.

For previously divorced brides, the

distribution by age was much less concentrated than for single brides.

Nearly a quarter of these remarriages

were for women in each of the age

groups 25-29 and 30-34 years. There

was also less change between 1970 and

1988 in the distribution of marriages

by age of divorced than of single

brides. The proportion aged 30-34

years was virtually unchanged from

1980 to 1988, but the proportion of

those younger diminished and the proportion of those older increased.

The increase in age at marriage is

summarized by the median and mean

ages at marriage (table 9). The

median age of brides at first marriage

rose every year, from 20,6 in 1974 to

23.7 in 1988, increasing 3.1 years. The

median age of grooms at first marriage

also rose for 14 consecutive years,

from 22.5 in 1974 to 25,5 in 1988,

These increases reflect both an

increase in time spent in school and an

increasing tendency for men and

women to work for several years

before marriage. The median age of

previously divorced brides increased

each year, from a low of 30.1 in 1976 to

33.6 in 1988. The median age of previously divorced grooms was at a low of

33.6 in 1977 and rose 3.4 years to 37.0

in 1988.

Increases in the median ages of

previously widowed brides and grooms

did not show such consistency. In 1988

the median age of previously widowed

brides was 53.9, and of previously widowed grooms, 63.0.

Interval to remarriage

The interval between marriages is

calculated using the date when a previous marriage ended. This was

reported by 27 States in 1988.

AIthough some people who remarried

had been divorced or widowed for

decades, most were remarrying within

a few years after divorce, The median

interval to remarriage in 1988 for previously divorced brides was 2.5 years

and for previously widowed brides was

4.6 years (table 10). Both of these

measures were unchanged from 1987.

For both previously divorced and previously widowed grooms, the median

interval to remarriage in 1988 was 2.3

years, up from 2.2 years each in 1987.

For each year since 1970, the interval

to remarriage has been longer (0.1-0.3

years) for divorced women than for

divorced men. The difference in

interval to remarriage be~een widowed men and women is greater. The

interval to remarriage was approximately 2 years longer for widowed

women than for widowed men

throughout the 1970-88 period.

Between 1970 and 1988 the

interval between marriages lengthened

for divorced and widowed men and

women. The median interval since last

marriage ended for previously

divorced women was 2,5 years in 1988,

up from 1.0 years in 1970. The interval

to remarriage for previously divorced

men showed a similar increase, from

0.9 years in 1970 to 2.3 years in 1988.

The median interval to remarriage for

previously widowed brides rose from

3.6 years in 1970 to 4,5 years in 1984

and then fluctuated between 4.5 and

4.6 years. The interval to remarriage

for previously widowed men increased

only 0.5 years, from 1.8 years in 1970

to 2.3 years in 1988.

Race

In 1988, 34 States reported the

race of bride and groom on marriage

records. Among brides for whom race

was stated, 87 percent were white,

11 percent were black, and fewer than

2 percent were of other races. The

proportions were similar for grooms

(table 11). Where race was reported

for both bride and groom, 86 percent

were both white, 11 percent were both

black, and 1 percent were both of

other races (data not shown), Only

2 percent of coup!es in the 34-State

area married interracially.

Marriage patterns by previous

marital status and age differ by race.

About one-third of white brides and

grooms (34 and 33 percent, respectively) had been divorced, compared

with only a quarter of black brides and

grooms (23 and 25 percent, respectively). This is a consequence of the

tendeney of black couples to separate

without obtaining a legal divorce (2).

The mean ages at marriage show that

white brides and grooms were younger

than black brides and grooms at first

marriage and at remarriage after

divorce (table 11).

Educational attainment

In 1988, 23 States reported educational attainment of brides and

grooms. Education is a socioeconomic

characteristic which is strongly associated with income and consequently

with the ability of couples to provide

for their families. The proportion of

‘London KA. Cohabitation, marriage, marital

dissolution, and remarriage United States, 1988.

Advance data from vital and health statisti~ no

194. HyattsvilIe, Maryland: National Center for

Health Statistics. 1990.
6 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No, 4(S) ● August 26, 1991

brides who had not completed high

school was relatively small; only 3 percent had O-8 years of schooling, and

12 percent had attended high school

but had not graduated (table 12).

Most brides (40 percent) were high

school graduates. The second largest

group (24 percent) had attended college but had not obtained a degree,

Fifteen percent of the brides had graduated from college, and an additional 6 percent had a graduate-level

education.

The amount of education varied

for single, divorced, and widowed

brides. Previously single brides were

twice as likely as previously divorced

brides to have completed college

(18 percent, compared with 9 percent). The proportion of previously

single brides who had a graduate

school education was also higher than

the proportion of previously divorced

brides (7 percent, compared with

5 percent). Previously widowed brides

had Iess education in general than

either divorced or single brides.

The percent distribution by education for grooms followed the same pattern as for brides, except that more of

the men were in the two extremes of

the educational range (O-8 years of

schooling and 17 years or more).

Moreover, the differences between

previously single grooms and previously divorced grooms were not as

great as were such differences for

brides. Approximately 17 percent of

previously single grooms had

completed college, compared with

12 percent of previously divorced

grooms.

It can be seen in table 13 that

although overall, single brides and

grooms had more education than those

who were previously divorced, the

relationship holds only for brides

under 45 years of age and for grooms

in age groups from 18 to 44. The relationship reverses at age 45. For women

45-54 years of age, previously single

brides had less education than previously divorced brides, and for those 55

years and over, there was virtually no

difference. For men in all age groups

45 and over, previously divorced

grooms had more education than previously single grooms.

30

25

20

“~

~ 15

u=

i ,,

5

0

-1970

Kg 198a

Total 9-11 13-15

yta?s years y:% years )2s yurs

or more

Years of school

Figure 2. Average age of bride at first marriage, by years of school completed: Uniform

group of 14 States, 1970 and 1988

m 1970

D 198s

m

Totsl 9-11 12 13-15 16 17

y:% years years years years years

or more

Years of school

Figure 3. Average age of groom at first marriage, by years of school complated: Uniform

gr~up of 14 Staies, ~970 ind 19a8
Monthly VitalStatistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 4(S). August 26, 1991~ 7

It should be noted that educational level at marriage depends to

some extent on age. Earlier in the 20th

century, it was not as common for

Americans to attend and graduate

from high school as it is now. As the

century progressed, more and more

people did so. This is reflected by the

drop in the average educational level

across the three oldest age groups,

which are shown in table 13. In addition, brides and grooms who are still

teenagers have not had time to complete college or attend graduate

school, The average educational

attainment of grooms under age 18

was 10.7 years in 1988, and that of

grooms 18-19 years of age was 11.9

years.

Table 14 displays the relationship

among education, age, and previo~s

marital status differently than does

table 13. It shows that people with

more education generally married at a

later age than those with less education. For example, the average age at

which previously single high school

graduates married was 23.4 years for

women and 25.2 years for men. The

average age at which single college

graduates married was 26.7 years for

women and 28.2 years for men. A comparison of the average ages at marriage for these educational groups with

the typical ages at graduation indicates

that men and women remained unmarried for several years after they completed their formal education,

The increase of about 3 years in

age at first marriage between 1970 and

1988 is related in part to an increased

proportion of men and women going

to college. But this is not the only

factor. Generally, even those who did

not attend college married later in

1988 than in 1970. In fact, the average

age at first marriage increased by at

least 2 years for all but the lowest educational grouping for both brides and

grooms (figures 2 and 3).

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliabilityor precision
8 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 40, No. 4(S) QAugust 26, 1991

List of detailed tables

1. Marriages and marriage rates:

United States, 1940-88 9

2. Marriages and marriage rates:

United States, each region, division,

and State, 1978, 1987, and 1988 10

3. Marriages and marriage rates, by

month: United States, 1978, 1987,

and 1988 11

4, Total marriage rate by marriage

order of women and men: Marriageregistration area, 1972-88 11

5. Marriage rates by previous

marital status of women and men:

Marriage-registration area, 1970-88 12

6. Marriage rates by age and

previous marital status of women and

men: Marriage-registration area,

1983-88 13

7. Percent distribution of marriages

by previous maritaI status of both

bride and groom: Reporting States,

1970-88 14

8. Marriages, 1988, and percent

distribution of marriages, 1970, 1980,

1987, and 1988 by age according to

previous marital status of women and

men: Marriage-registration area 15

9. Median and mean age of bride

and groom by previous marital status:

Marriage-registration area, 1964-88 17

10. Median and mean interval to

remarriage in years by previous

marital status of bride and groom:

Reporting States, 1970-88 18

1L Marriages and mean age at

marriage by race and previous

marital status of bride and groom: 34

reporting States, 1988

12. Marriages and percent clistribution by educational attainment

of bride and groom, according to

previous marital status, and mean

and median years of school

completed: 23 reporting States, 1988

13. Average education by age at

marriage according to previous

marital status: 23 reporting States,

1988

14. Average age at marriage by

educational attainment according to

previous marital status: 23 reporting

States, 1988

.

19

20

21

21
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 9

Table 1. Marriages and marriage rate% United States, 1940-68

[Data refer only to events occurring within the United States. Alaska included beginning 1959 and Hawaii beginning 1$)60. Beginning with 1978, data Include

nonlicensed marriages registered in California see Technical notes. Rates per 1,000 population enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1

for all other years]

Rate per 1#00–

Men Women Unmam”ed Unmarried

15 yeara 15 years wumen women

Total of age of age 15 years 15-44 “

Year Number population and over and over and over yeara

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

197s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1666 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1953, . . . . . . . . . !........ . .

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1951 . . . . . . . . . !........ . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1947 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1946 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1943 . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1942 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...< .

2,395,926

2,403,378

2,407,099

2,412,625

Z477,192

2,445,804

2,456,278

2,422,145

2,390,252

2,331,337

2,282,272

2,178,367

2,154,807

2,152,662

2,229,687

2,284,108

2,262,154

2,190,481

2,158,802

2,145,000

2,069,300

1,927,000

1,657,000

1,600,000

1,725,000

1,654,000

1,577,000

1,548,000

1,523,000

1,494,00Q

1,451,000

1,518,000

1,585,000

1,531,000

1,490,000

1,546,000

1,539,318

1,594,694

1,687,231

1,579,796

1,811,155

1,991,678

2,291,045

1,612,992

1,452,394

1,577,050

1,772,132

1,695,999

1,595,879

9.7

9.9

10.0

10.1

10.5

10,5

10.6

10.6

10.6

10.4

10.3

9.9

9.9

10.0

10.5

10.8

10.9

10.6

10.6

10.6

10.4

9.7

9.5

:::

8.8

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.4

u

9.3

9.2

9.8

9.9

10.4

11.1

10.6

12.4

13.9

16.4

12.2

10.9

11.7

13.2

12.7

12.1

25.9

26.2

26.5

26.9

28.1

26.0

28.4

26.4

26.5

26.1

28.0

27.2

27.4

27.9

29.4

30.7

31.3

30.7

31.1

31.4

30.8

29.1

28.4

27.9

27.1

28.4

25.5

25.5

25.4

25.2

24.8

26.4

27.8

27.2

26.9

28,2

28,3

29.4

30.7

29.4

34.0

37.9

44.5

35.8

31.2

32.2

35.6

34.0

32.3

23.9

24.2

24.5

24.e

25.8

25.7

26.1

26.1

26.1

25.8

25.7

25.0

25.2

25.6

27.1

28.2

28,6

28.2

28.4

28.9

28.3

26.9

26.4

26.0

25.3

24.7

23.9

24.0

24.0

23.8

23.5

24.9

26.4

25.8

25.4

26.7

26.8

26.1

29.8

26.5

33.0

36.8

42.8

30.5

27.8

30.6

34.8

33.7

32.3

54.6

55.7

56.2

57.0

59.5

59.9

61.4

61.7

81.4

63.6

64.1

63.6

65.2

66.9

72.0

76.0

77.9

76.2

76.5

80.0

79.1

78.4

75.6

75.0

74.8

73.4

71.2

72.2

73.5

73.8

72.0

78.0

82.4

80.9

79.6

83.7

83.2

86.8

80.2

w.?

8s.5

106.2

118.1

63.6

78.5

E:

86.5

82.8

91.0

92.4

93.9

94.9

W.o

99.3

101.9

103.1

102.6

107.9

109.1

109.8

113.4

118.5

128.4

137.3

141.3

136.9

140.2

149.1

147.2

145.2

146.1

144.3

146.2

143.3

138.4

145.4

148.0

149.8

146.3

157.4

16S.6

161.1

154.3

163.3

159.9

164.9

166.4

156.0

174.7

182.7

163.0

138.2

124.5

133.5

147.8

138.4

122.4
Table 2. Marriagea and marriage rates: United States, each region, division, and State, 1978, 1987, and 1988

[By place of occurrence. Data are counts of marriages performed, except as noted. Rates per 1,000 population estimated as of July 1]

Number Rate

Region, divkion, and State 1988 1987 1978 1988 1987 1978

Unked States............,.. . . . . . . . . . .

Regions:

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northeast

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MlddleAtlantic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest:

EastNorthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorth Central ..,,..... . . . . . . . . . .

South:

SouthAtlantlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Westi

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England:

Maine, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode island, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey. , . . . .. ~........ . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East North CentraL

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wkwonsin. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorth Central:

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DlstrictofColumbia. .,....., . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weslvirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central:

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama. , .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miasisslppi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West South Central:

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loulaiana ..,.,......,.,.. . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain:

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ses footnotas at end of table,

2,395,926

423,481

500,801

913,290

558,354

116,037

307,444

344,486

156,315

454,217

184,256

274,817

238,138

320,216

12,553

11,116

6,125

49,941

8,410

27,892

2158,418

61,063

87,983

97,861

51,465

78,302

75,386

41,452

33,654

25,090

50,330

4,966

7,328

12,242

22,705

5,645

47,258

4,947

68,947

13,768

51,918

54,602

69,060

138,072

49,459

65,326

44,552

24,919

34,935

34,052

32,923

172,907

6,764

12,165

4,726

31,438

312.722

17,360

117,282

2,403,378

421,399

504,301

910,672

567,006

113,063

308,318

353,110

151,191

445,342

176,825

286,505

245,130

321,876

12,124

10,854

5,914

49,029

8,056

27,106

2160,548

60,550

87,218

95,862

95;613

74,418

37,647

33,683

23,062

46,397

5,028

6,993

11,808

22,220

5,410

45,161

5,142

67,004

13,455

50,414

53,398

68,868

136,492

46,918

61,3.56

44,820

23,729

32,190

36,177

31,823

186,315

6,540

11,428

4,699

31,931

313,990

436,207

16,745

123,590

2,282,272

362,201

562,612

832,640

504,619

99,742

282,459

394,249

168,363

390,527

1165,830

276,483

234,451

270,168

11,658

9,120

4,804

42,682

7,277

24,001

136,784

52,993

92,662

103,754

58,050

105,923

88,333

38,189

33,480

28,030

52,678

5,651

10,638

13,711

23,975

4,322

45,029

4,624

58,967

17,275

43,652

52,960

68,171

95,327

133,301

57,529

47,720

27,280

25,096

39,877

43,683

167,827

8,136

13,570

6,298

31,129

416,582

27,725

16,365

114,646

9.7

8.4

8.4

10.8

11.0

9.0

6.2

8.2

8.8

10.7

12.0

10.2

17.9

8.6

10.4

10.2

11.0

8.5

8.5

8.6

28.6

7.9

7.3

8.0

9.3

6.7

8.2

8.5

7.8

8.9

9.8

7.4

10.3

7.6

9.1

8.6

10.2

8.0

11.5

7.3

8.0

15.7

10.9

11.2

13.3

13.3

10.9

9.5

14.6

7,7

10.2

10.3

8.4

12.1

9.9

9.5

s6.4

410.2

10,3

111.3

9.9

8.4

8.5

10.9

11,4

8.8

8.2

8.4

6.6

10.7

11.8

10.7

18,6

8.8

10.2

10.3

10.6

8.4

8.2

6.4

29,0

7.9

7.3

8.9

9.0

8.3

8.1

7.8

7.9

8.1

9.5

7,5

9.9

7.4

9.0

8.4

10.0

8.3

11.3

7.1

7.9

15.6

11.1

11.4

12.6

12.6

11.0

9.0

13.5

8.1

9.7

11.2

8.1

11.5

9.6

9.7

39.3

410.7

10.0

122.7

10.3

7.8

1:::

12.2

8.1

7,6

9.5

949

10.9

111.5

12.2

21.8

8.8

10.5

10.2

9.6

7,5

7.6

7.8

7.7

7.2

7.6

9.6

10.7

9.3

9.6

8.2

8.4

9.6

10.9

8.7

15.4

8.8

10.3

7.2

10.7

6.9

11.2

9!0

1;:

12.9

10.4

19.2

12.9

12.4

11.0

11.2

9.8

15.0

12.4

10.4

14.9

14.6

11.3

413.2

11.0

12.0

159.5
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 11

Table 2. Marriages and marriage rate= United States, each region, division, and State, 1978, 1987, and 1988-Con.

[By place of occurrence. Data are counts of marrlagea performed, except as noted. Rates per 1,000 population estimated as of July 1]

Number Rate

Region, division, and State 1988 1987 1978 1988 1987 1978

Pacific

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,076 43,503 45,210 9.7

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.6 11.6

23,405 22,301 21,055 6.5

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.2 6.4

229,148 234,035 186,056 8.1

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.5 6.2

5,306 5,470 5,111 10.1

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.4 12.7

17,281 16,567 10,736 15.7 15.3 11.6

1Data ara Incomplete.

2FIgure used for NSW York GW IS the total number of valid marriage CetiffCatSS provided !0 NCHS.

3Deta we premarjtat haalth axamlnatlon forma lssuad.

4Data Include marriage llcOflSeS Isauad for some COLmtiea.

Table 3. Marriages and marriage rates, by month: United States, 1978, 1987, and 1988

[Rates on an annual basis per 1,000 population]

Month

Number Rate

1988 1987 1978 1988 1987 1978

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

March. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

November, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,395,926

113,236

146,106

151,533

192,738

225,471

262,474

243,124

237,354

232,640

225,015

174,220

192,015

2,403,378

116,748

160,247

146,592

175,614

247,075

269,334

214,462

255,460

228,777

223,258

175,305

188,506

2,282,272

114,206

128,353

150,624

177,705

202,384

261,584

231,494

239,937

222,599

184,638

174,381

194,167

9.7

5.5

7.5

7,3

9.6

10.8

13.0

11.7

11.4

11.5

10.8

8.6

9.2

9.9

5.7

8.6

7.2

8.8

12,0

13.5

10.4

12,3

11.4

10.8

6.7

9.1

10.3

6.1

7.6

8.0

9.8

10.7

14.3

12.3

12,7

12.2

9.8

9.5

10.2

Table 4. Total marriage rate by marriage order of women and men: Marriage.registration area, 1972-88

[Basedon sample data. Marriages per 1,003 women or men if age-sex specific rates for a given year were constant throughout their lives. Ftgures for marriage order

notsteted have been distributed, Beginning in1977, figures exclude data for lowa. Foradescrlption of themarriage-ragistratlon area, see Technical notes]

TotaI marriage rate Totalfkst-marriage rate Total remarriage rate

Year Women Men Women Men Women &fen

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.7 1,145.2 709.1 702.1 406.6

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

443.1

1,106.2 1,138.6 699.4 689,6 406.6

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

449,0

1,113.5 1,150.1 698.6 689.4

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

414.9 460.7

1,113.0 1,155.5 699.3 688.9 413.7

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

466,6

1,139.2 1,192.4 704.6 698.1 434.6

1983, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

494.3

1,131.9 1,189.4 703.0 697.4 428.9 492.0

1982, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143.8 1,206.4 710.9 703.4

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

432.7 503.0

1,713.9 1,278.0 867.2 711.4

19s0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

426.7

1,128.4

506.6

1,207.5 706.2 714.4

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

422.2 493.1

1,130.0 1,243.2 704.4 739.4

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

425.6

1,112.4

503.8

1,227.3 696.5 733.7

1977 . . > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

415.9

1,096.4

493.6

1,213.9 687.6 727.7 410.6

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

486.2

1,100.7 1,218.0 695.5 737.5 405.2

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

480.5

1,125.7 1,246.2 720.8 774.4

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

404.9

1,191.5

471.8

1,317.1 789.8 852.7 401.7

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,249.1

464.4

1,382.3 843.4 920.0

1972, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

405.7

1,254.8

462.3

1,401.9 866.9 960.8 367.9 441.1
Table 5. Marriage rates by previous marital status of women and men: Marriage.registration area, 1970-88

[Based on sample data. Figures exclude data for Iowa beginning with 1977. Figures for previously divorced and previously widowed exclude data for Michigan and

Ohio forallyeara, for South Carolina beginning with 1972, and forthe District of ColumMa for1970. Foradescrlptlon of themarriaga-reglstratlon area, see TechniMl

notes, Rates perl,OOO population ages f5years andover unspecified group enumerated asof Aprill forcensus years andeatimated asof Juiyl forall other years]

Previous marital status of women Previous marital sfafus of merl

Year Single Divorced Widowed SIrrgle Divorced W/dewed

58.4

58.9

59.7

61.5

63.5

63,8

66.0

64.9

66.0

67.8

66.2

69.2

72.0

75.9

83.5

90.9

95.1

93.3

93.4

78.6

80.7

79.5

81.8

87.3

91.6

94.4

96,3

91.3

104.0

105.0

107.3

111.3

117.2

121.7

131.0

130.6

132.8

123.3

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.7

5.8

6.2

6.1

6.5

6.7

7.7

7.1

7.6

7.9

8.3

9.1

9.3

9.4

9.6

10.2

48.3

48.8

49.1

50.1

51.6

51.6

53.1

53.6

54.7

56.3

56.4

56.7

58.2

61.5

68.0

7349

77.2

75.2

80.4

109.7

115.7

117,6

121,6

132.7

142.1

148.9

150.8

142.1

165.6

168.6

173.4

185.0

169,8

198.7

221.3

229,0

230.7

204.5

25.1

26.1

26,a

27.7

28.7

30.7

32.1

30.8

32.2

36.3

32.7

35.3

37.6

40.4

38.9

3.9.3

40.6

42.5

40.6
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 13

Table 6. Marriage rates by age and previous marital status of women and men: Marriage-registration area, 1988-88

[Based on sample data. Figures exclude data for Iowa. For a description of the marriage-registration area, sea Technical notes. Marriages of persons under 15 years

of age are Included In the youngest age groups; rates are based on populations thet exclude persons under 15 years of age. Rates for all marriages are based on the

unmarried population; for first marriages, on the never-marriad population: and for remarriages, on the widowed and divorced populations. Rates par 1,000 population

In specified age group estimated as of July 1]

Women Men

Age and previous marital status 1988 1987 1988 1985 1984 1983 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983

All marriages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-17 years . . . . . . ..+......

lS-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3C-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3S39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years .. c . . . . ...).....

60-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First marriagesl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-29years . . . . . . . . . ...< . . .

30-34years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4H9years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Remarriages 1

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4C-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4549years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59jears . . . . .

62-64years . . . . .

65years and over. .

Previously widowed 2

15-44years . . . . .

45-64years . . . . .

65years and over. .

Previously divorced 2.

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . ...< . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-S9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6&64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4s.1

29.6

11.5

56.9

105.5

121.2

93.0

70.0

51.0

34.9

21.9

11.5

7.4

2.0

56.4

28.9

11.4

55.6

97.9

106.7

63.9

41.2

20.6

11.6

?.3

4.8

2.9

0.8

35.5

*

253.7

169.9

137.2

88.5

62.4

42.3

26.0

12.8

8.1

2.1

5.3

42.0

10.6

1.8

78.6

*

262.2

172.3

137.7

90.3

66.9

46,4

30.3

17.0

11.8

5.1

48.3

29.8

11.6

59.2

104.9

121.8

96.9

70.9

51.6

37.0

20.3

11.2

6.2

1.9

58.9

29.2

11.5

67.8

97.8

105.4

68.6

41.9

21.7

14.4

6.1

4.5

3.8

0.7

35.8

*

239.6

182.6

135.7

88.3

83.6

43.7

23.0

12,6

8.9

2,0

5.4

46.9

10.9

1.8

80.7

*

247.7

183.0

137.4

91.5

66.7

47.9

29.8

16.9

11.6

4.3

49.2

32.5

12.2

65.8

108.6

121.2

97.2

70.1

51.6

36.3

22.5

11.5

7.9

2.0

59.7

31.5

12.0

63.7

99.6

102.8

68.4

36.6

22.7

14.2

N

3.7

0.8

36,3

267.;

182.2

131.8

88.1

61.3

42.6

26.1

12.6

8.5

2.1

5.5

44.4

11.3

1.8

79.5

*

256.7

176.5

133.1

89.7

84.0

47.5

30.2

16.2

10.4

5.4

49.9

34.8

13.5

68.8

110.6

122.2

93.8

72.5

51.3

34.7

21.3

12.4

7.7

2.0

61.5

34.0

13.4

67.2

102.1

103.5

66,3

37.2

24.i

13.9

7.7

5.3

4.4

0.8

36.1

*

254.5

183.2

123.8

93.8

59.8

40.3

25.0

13.7

8.2

2.2

5.7

42.9

11.2

1.9

81.8

*

263.6

183.6

127.6

96.7

62.9

46.1

31.0

17.4

10.2

4.8

51 !9

36.5

15<3

74,7

113.3

128.1

94.7

75.1

53.1

38.7

22.3

12,4

8.0

2.0

63.5

37.5

15.0

72.1

104.4

106.6

64.3

38.4

23,7

15.4

7.9

6.1

3.7

0.8

37.6

*

248.3

193.6

127.3

95.3

62.9

45,1

26,5

13.4

8.7

2.2

5.8

45.2

11.3

1.9

87.3

●

241.5

204.1

132.0

100.3

66.9

49.5

33.0

17.6

12.3

4.8

52.5

40.1

18.3

75.2

115.9

126.8

98.1

74.1

52.8

38.9

22.7

12.8

8.8

2.0

63.6

36.6

15.9

72.6

106.9

105.2

61.2

38.3

21.8

13.9

9.0

E

0.9

38.4

244.;

186.8

140.0

92.3

63.3

46.9

26.1

13.7

9.7

2.2

6.2

51.3

12.2

1.9

91.6

240.~

204.4

145.3

99.3

67.0

50.8

32.4

18.9

12,9

4,9

57.4

10.6

i .7

24.0

73.7

104.7

90.7

77.9

80.1

63.2

50.4

40.4

27.1

13.1

46.3

10.5

2:::

70.5

93.9

67.0

41.2

29.8

14.9

13.2

8.6

4.8

2.2

86.7

*

225.7

193.9

150.9

128.5

117.0

95,8

67.9

57.8

38.7

16.3

25.1

65.4

50.0

15.0

109.7

*

222.3

191.4

162.4

126.5

116.3

95.8

67.4

54.1

40.1

20.4

58.3

10.5

1.6

24.6

73.6

107.1

95.0

85.9

84.8

67.3

57.9

36.4

29.5

13.1

46.8

10.4

1.5

24.4

70.7

96.4

69.3

45.1

31.2

16.3

14.1

7.3

5.5

2.1

90.8

*

198.2

187.3

169.6

137.9

121.9

1CQ.7

62.6

58.0

43.6

16.3

26.1

91.2

55.9

14.9

115.7

●

207.2

162.7

172.1

135.7

123.1

99.5

64.5

z

20.4

59.4

11.5

1.7

27.2

76.2

108.5

96.7

93.1

81.2

69.0

57.7

40.3

26.3

13.5

49.1

11.3

1.7

26.7

72.5

95.9

70.6

47.1

28.2

16.7

13.9

7.7

4.6

2.4

93.1

215.;

193.3

169.9

144.9

119.6

105.2

60,9

60.2

40.6

16.9

26.8

95.3

53.9

15.4

117.8

●

233.9

186.3

165.2

142.6

125.4

102.5

82.2

54.2

36.9

21.1

60.5

12,2

2!0

27.9

76.4

111.7

99.3

103.9

78.4

69.3

53.4

38.7

27.6

14.1

50.1

12.1

2%

74.5

99.2

70.7

51.6

25.4

16.9

11.2

6.8

5.7

2.4

95.7

*

247.9

191.6

163.1

161.7

119,0

105.9

79.9

50.5

40.6

16.0

27.7

102.8

52,8

16.1

121.6

276.1

187.8

157.9

160.0

119.1

105.8

77.8

57.0

39.4

23.8

63.1

13.7

2.2

30.5

81.2

118.0

104.9

104.6

67.9

73.7

54.8

40.7

30.3

14.2

51.6

13.5

2.1

30.0

77.3

102.9

72.0

46.9

27.1

18.4

11.6

8.4

5.4

2.3

103.1

*

229.1

215.9

178.1

172.1

133.3

118.2

63.4

61.7

44.6

18.1

28.7

124.6

55.7

16.4

132.7

234.:

211.7

173.1

173.9

130.1

117.8

78.2

56.8

45.8

23.9

64.1

14.4

2.2

31.4

63.9

117.1

109.4

106.0

92.7

78.8

51.3

45,9

34.8

15.1

51.8

14.1

2.2

30.9

79.5

100,6

69.0

45.4

27.0

16.5

10.7

10.4

8.0

2.9

Ioe.1

241 .;

223.1

206.0

175.8

143.4

120.8

77.0

66.3

49.1

18.9

30.7

149.3

59.5

16.6

142.1

*

239.5

214.4

202.0

172.6

137.7

126.6

77.2

67.1

49.3

26.2

1Hgures for fimt marfieges snd remarriages exclude da~ for 1~.

2Data exclude remsrr[ages in Michigan, Oiia, and South Caroline..
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991

Table 7. Percent distribution of marriages by previous marital status of both bride and groom: Reporting States, 1970-88

[Based on sample data]

W/fe prev/ous/y s/rtg/e and W/fe prev/ous/y divorced and Wife prev/ous/y widowed and

husband previously– husband previously– husband previouslyYear Total Single Divorced Widowed Single Divorced Widowed Single Divorced Widowed

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971, ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

54.5 10.7

54.3 11.0

54.4 11.0

54.7 11.1

55.0 11.1

54.8 11.2

55.1 11.3

54.9 11.4

56.5 10.8

56.7 10.8

57.3 10.7

57.8 10.3

58.9 10.1

60.5 9.3

63.1 8.6

64.8 6.1

67.1 7.6

68.2 7.2

66.8 6.9

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

10.9 19.0

10.7 19.1

10.7 18.9

10.4 16.8

10.2 18,8

10.0 18.9

9.8 18.8

9.6 16.8

9.3 17.0

6.9 17.6

8.7 17,4

8.5 17.2

8.2 16.4

7.8 15.5

7.3 14.0

7.1 i 3.2

6.6 12.0

6.4 11.1

6.4 10.7

1.3

1,3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1,4

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.9

0.9

1.4

1,4

1.4

f .4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

;::

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1,6

1.9

1.7

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

:::

2.4

NOTE In 1970 previous marital stetus was reported by 38 States: Alebama, Alaska, California, Connecticut, Oelawara, Florida, Gaorgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missiasippl, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jerssy, Naw York, North Carofina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Stafiing in 1971, the District of Columbia also reported this item. After 197S, Iowa no longer repotied

It. Starting In 1979, Colorado joined the States that reported this item, bringing the total of reporting areas back to 3a 8tatsa and the Oistrict of Columbia for ths 1978-88 period.
Table 8. Marriages, 1988, and percent distribution of marriages, 1970, 1980, 1987, and 1988 by age according to previous maritai status

ofwomen and men: Marriage-registration area

[Basedon sampledata. For sampling errors of estimates and a description of the marriage-registration area, see Technical notes]

Women Men

Number Percent Number Percent

Age and previous marital status f988 1988 1987 1980 1970 1988 1988 1987 1980 1970

All marriages

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under20yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yeareandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstmarriages1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. , . . . . . . . . ..o... . . . . . . . .

26-29years< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56-59yeara . . ..! . . . . . . . ..o. . . . . . . . .

60-64yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yeareandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Remarrkrgesl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yeara . . . . . . . .$....... . . . . . . . .

4044yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-69yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-64yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsandover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pravfouatywidcwed2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under25years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45+9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54veam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59~eara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BO-84years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yeeraandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Praviouslydivorced2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yearfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yeare. 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60+lyeara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsandovar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,852,275

218,358

50,893

167,465

583,641

447,775

243,678

144,148

89,292

51,005

26,762

16,133

13,056

19,029

1,180,626

209,513

49,567

159,926

510,836

307,594

100,743

33,466

9,862

4,115

1,951

1,133

667

746

632,313

4,297

57,835

129,471

138,559

108,409

78,124

46,302

24,433

14,769

12,179

17,935

50,636

820

2,454

3,413

4,281

4,918

5,264

5,302

5,186

6,409

12,567

494,541

3,727

48,516

109,740

115,375

89,755

62,222

34,568

15,675

7,595

4,157

3,211

100.0

11.6

2.7

3?:

24.1

13.2

7.8

4.8

2,8

1.4

0.9

0.7

1.0

100.0

17.7

4.2

13.5

43.3

26.1

8.5

2.8

0.8

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

N

20.5

21.9

17.1

12.4

7.3

3.9

2.3

z

100.0

1.6

4.8

6.7

8.5

9.7

10.4

10.5

10.2

12.7

24.8

100,0

0.8

9.8

22.2

23.3

18.1

12.6

7.0

3.2

1.5

0.6

0.6

100.0

12.1

2.9

9.2

32.3

23.7

13.1

7.6

4.5

2.7

1.4

0.9

0.8

1.0

100.0

18.~

4.4

13.7

44,2

25.2

8.4

2,6

o.a

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

U

21.0

22.2

17.1

11.5

7,0

3.7

2.3

2.1

2.6

100.0

1.8

4.7

7.4

8.1

9.0

10.6

10.4

10.2

13.0

24.7

100.0

0.8

10.5

22.6

23.6

18.2

11.7

6,6

3.0

k;

0.5

100.0

21.1

lE

37.1

18.7

9.3

4.8

2.9

2.0

z

0.7

1.0

100.0

30.4

8.2

22.2

47.3

16,0

4.0

1.1

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

1.7

15.3

24,4

20.6

12.7

6.1

5.6

4.0

2.6

2.1

2.9

100.0

3.0

5.6

6.3

7.2

8.6

10.5

12.6

11.4

13.2

21.6

100.0

1.7

16.7

26.7

22.5

13.6

8.0

5.0

2.8

k;

0.6

100,0

32.5

10.0

22.5

39.7

10.4

4.7

3.2

2.7

2.3

1.5

E

0.9

100.0

41.8

13.0

26.6

46.0

7.7

2.0

0.9

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

1W.o

2.9

18.8

19.2

13.1

10.7

9.6

8.4

5.7

4.6

3.3

3.6

100.0

4.6

u

7.4

10.2

13.7

14,2

13.8

11.5

14.2

100.0

3.6

22,8

23.2

15.2

11.7

9.6

6.6

3.4

2.1

1.0

0.6

1,852,275

83,726

7,765

75,961

497,398

503,901

292,072

170,593

109,708

67,636

42,481

26,633

21,454

34,673

1,188,216

81,484

7,633

73,651

459,815

402,266

161,050

51,824

17,123

6,377

3,515

2,135

1,310

1,317

626,113

563

25,279

90,178

125,642

116,062

S0,930

60,239

38,482

26,127

19,795

32,616

47,276

222

758

1,533

1,954

2,596

3,029

4,006

5,315

7,210

20,653

493,414

448

21,114

76,764

107,500

96,270

75,837

49,324

26,826

17,266

10,093

7,972

100.0

4.5

0.4

4.1

26.9

27.2

15.8

9.2

5.9

3.7

2,3

1.5

1.2

1.9

100.0

6.9

0.6

6.2

3a.7

33.9

13.6

4.4

1.4

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

1OQ.o

0,1

4,0

14.4

20.1

18.5

14.5

9.6

6.1

4.2

3.2

5.2

100.0

0.5

1.6

3.2

4.1

5.5

6.4

17::

15.3

43.7

100.0

0.1

4.3

15,6

21.8

19.9

15.4

10.0

5.8

3.5

2.0

1.6

100.0

4.5

0.4

4.1

27.8

26.9

15.4

9.2

5.8

3.5

2.2

1.6

1.2

1.9

100.0

6.9

0.6

6.3

40.2

33.2

13.0

4.2

1.3

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.1

4.2

15.2

20.1

18.7

14.1

9.1

5.9

4.2

3.2

5.2

100.0

0.5

1.6

2.9

4.3

5.2

6.2

1Y9

15.7

43.4

100.0

0.1

4.5

16.3

21.7

20.1

15.1

9.5

5.7

3,4

2.0

1.7

100.0

8.5

0.9

7,6

35.7

23.8

12.3

6.5

4.0

2.6

2.1

1.5

1.1

1.8

100.0

12.7

1.3

11.4

50.0

25.7

7.5

2.0

0.9

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.2

7.2

20,1

21.9

15.4

10.2

7.3

5.6

4.0

3.0

5.1

100,0

0.7

2:

3.8

5.0

7.3

10.9

13,6

14.5

38.9

100.0

0.2

7.7

21.7

24.1

16.9

10.8

7.4

5.2

3.0

1.7

1.4

100.0

14.0

1.6

12.4

45.9

16.7

6.6

4.2

3.3

2.7

1.9

i .5

1.1

i .9

100.0

18.4

2.1

16.3

57.0

16.2

4.1

1.8

1.0

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.3

10.1

18.5

14.6

12.0

10.7

9.5

7.0

5.7

4.2

7.3

100.0

1.1

2.5

3.0

4.0

646

9.8

11.9

14.9

13.7

32.4

100,0

0.4

11.9

22.0

17.4

13.9

11.6

9.6

5.9

3,6

2.0

1.5
Table 8. Marriages, 1988, andpercent distribution ofmarriages, 1970, 1980, 1987, and1988by ageaccording toprevious marital atatua

of women and men: Marriage-registration area -Con.

[Based on sample data. For sampling errors of estimates and a description of the marriaga-registration area, see Technical notes]

Women Men

Number Percent Number Percent

Age and previous marital status 1988 1988 1987 1980 1970 f988 1988 1987 1980 1970

Not stated if widowed or divorced . . . . . . . 87,136 . . . . . . . . . . . 85,423 . . . ,,. . . . ,,.

Not stated If previously married

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,336 . . . . . . . . . . . 37,946 . . . . . . . . . . . .

I Figures for flint marrfagea and remarriages axclude data for Iowa beginning in 197R these data are included In “Not stated If previously married.”

2~am exclude remar~ages in ~c~gan and OMO for all years, for s~”th car~fl”a beginning inlg72,andfor the Olefriti of Columbia for 1970. ‘rtrese data are included in “Not stated if widowed

or divorced?
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 17

Table 9, Median and mean age of bride and groom by previous marital status: Marriage-registration area, 1964-88

[Based on sample data. Figures by previous marital status exclude data for lowa beginning with 1977. Figuresfor previously divorced and previously widowed

exclude data for Mkhigen and Ohio for all years, for South Carolina beginning with 1972, and for the Diatriot of Columbia for 1970. For a deecriptlon of the

marriage.registration area, see Technical notes]

Prew”ousmar!tal status of bride Previous nwftat statue of gnwm

Rematiage Remarriage

Firat Previously Prewously

Year

Firat Prekfoua& PreWxrs&

Tots/l marriage Tots12 diwced widowed Totslf marrfaae Tots12 diwrced wfdouwd

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1S87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1633 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1361 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

+973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1869 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

&&: : : : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s35, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 ...,........,.....,.. . . . . . . .

186s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s6s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.1

25.9

25.7

25.3

25.0

24.8

24.4

24.1

23.7

23.4

23.2

22.9

22.7

22.4

22.0

21.9

21.7

21.7

21.7

21.6

21.5

21.4

21.5

21.4

21.4

28.8

26.6

26.4

28.1

27.6

27.6

27.3

27.0

26.7

26.7

26.3

26.2

26.1

25,9

25.6

25,5

25.2

25.1

25.1

25.1

25.0

25.1

25.2

25.2

25.3

23.7

23.6

23.3

23.0

22.8

22.5

22.3

22.0

21.8

21.6

21.4

21.1

21.0

20.8

20.6

20.6

20.5

20.5

20.6

20.6

20.6

20.5

20.3

20.4

20.4

24.6

24.5

24.3

24.0

23.8

23.5

23.3

23.0

22.7

22.5

22.3

22.2

22.1

21.9

21.7

21.7

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.5

21.6

21.4

34.5

34.1

33.9

33.6

33.3

32.9

32.5

32.1

32.0

31.9

31.5

31.4

31.7

32.0

32.1

32.3

32.8

32.9

33.3

33.8

33.8

35.0

35.2

35.5

35.6

36.7

36.4

36.2

36.1

35.9

35.6

35.3

35.0

35.0

35.4

34.9

35.0

35.3

35.5

35.7

36.0

36.2

36.4

36.6

36.9

36.9

37.4

37.6

37.7

37.8

33.6

33.3

33.1

32.8

32.5

32.0

31.6

31.2

31.0

30.6

30.5

30.2

30.1

30.2

30.0

30.2

30.3

30.2

30.1

30.4

30.7

31.3

31.4

31.7

31.7

35.0

34.7

34.6

34.3

34.0

33.7

33.4

33.0

32.6

32.8

32.6

32.5

32.5

32.7

32.5

32.8

32.9

32.8

32.8

33.0

33.2

33.3

26

33.1

Medisn age

53.9

53.9

54.3

54.6

54.2

54.0

54.1

53.6

53.6

55.2

52.6

53.1

53.0

52.4

51.9

52.1

51.4

51.6

51.2

51.3

50.6

50.0

50.2

50.1

50.3

Mean age

53.1

53.1

53.3

53.3

52.8

526

52.6

52.2

52.2

53.4

51.4

51.6

51.8

51.2

51.0

51.0

50.7

50.6

50.3

60.4

49.9

49.7

49.7

49.7

50.0

28.1

26.0

27.8

27.5

27.2

27.0

26.7

26.3

25.9

25.8

25.5

25.2

%

24.2

24.1

23.6

23.7

23.6

23.5

23.6

23.8

23.8

23.6

23.6

31.3

31.2

31.0

30.6

30.5

30.3

30.0

28.6

28.4

2s.5

29.1

29.0

28.9

28.7

26.3

26.1

27.9

27.8

27.6

27.7

27.7

28.0

26.0

28.1

28.3

25.5

25.3

25.1

24.8

24.6

24.4

24.1

23.9

23.6

23.4

23.2

23.0

22.9

22.7

22.5

22.5

22.4

22.5

22.5

22.4

22.4

22.6

22.6

22.5

22.4

26.5

26.4

26.2

25.9

25.7

25.5

25.3

25.0

24.8

24.8

24.4

24.3

24.1

24.0

23.6

23.6

23.7

23.7

23.8

23.8

23.6

24.0

24.0

24.0

24.0

38.0

37.7

37.5

37.1

H

35.7

35.3

35.2

35.3

35.1

34.9

35.1

36.5

36.7

36.3

36.5

36.9

37.5

38.2

E.:

39.2

39.6

39.7

40.5

40.3

40.1

39.9

39.7

39.3

39.0

38.7

38.7

38.9

33.5

36.6

36.S

39.1

39.4

39.6

3S.8

40.3

40.e

40.9

41,0

41.4

41.6

42.0

42.1

37.0

36.7

36.6

%:

35.3

E

%:

E:

33.7

33.6

33.6

33.9

34.0

34.1

34.5

M

E;

%

36.S

36.4

33.2

37.9

37.7

37.3

37.0

36.6

36.5

36.4

36.2

36.7

x

::

z

36.7

36.9

37.1

37.4

37.6

37.8

37.s

63.0

62.8

62.s

62.7

62.4

62.0

61.7

61.0

61.2

61.7

59.7

50.1

60,0

59.4

59.2

59.3

59.1

59.1

58.7

59.0

57.9

57.7

57.9

57.8

56.0

M

61,2

61.1

60.6

60.2

59.9

59.5

59.6

60.0

63.4

%

56.2

58.2

58.1

58.0

57.7

57.7

57.7

57.0

56.7

57.0

56.7

57.0

1FIourss Includepreviousmaritslstatusnorstated.

2~waS ~Mde o’kord or widowedn~ ~~d.
Table 10. Median and mean intewal to remarriage In years by prevloua marital status of bride and groom: Reporting States, 1970-38

[Based on sample date]

Previous marital status of bride Previous mar[tal status of groom

All Previously Preciously All Prev/ousty

Year

Previously

remarriages 1 divorced widowed remarriages 1 divorced widowed

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...<...

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.5

1,5

1.4

1.4

1.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

a

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

1.9

1,8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

3.9

3.8

2

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

z

2.6

2.5

Median interval In years

4.6 2.3

4.6 2.2

4.5 2.1

4.6 2.0

4.5 1.9

4.3 1.8

4.2 1.7

4.1 1.6

4.1 1.6

4.3 1.5

3.9 1.4

4.1 1.3

3.7 1.2

3.7 1.2

3.6 1.2

3.7 1.1

1.1

% 1.1

3.6 1.0

Mean intewalinyears

6.4 3.8

6.4 3.8

6.3 3.4

6.5 3.3

6.2 3.2

6.1 3.0

6.1 2.9

6.0 2.8

6.0 2.7

8,0 2.6

5.7 2.5

5.6 2.5

5.8 2.4

5.6 2.4

5.5 2.4

5.5 2.3

5.7 2.3

5.5 2.4

5.5 2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.6

1.7

1.6

1,6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0 ‘

1.0

1.0

0.9

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.6

2.7

2.6

::

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2,3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1,9

1.6

1.8

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

:3.7

:3,5

:3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.4

3,3

:3.2

:3.3

:1.2

9.4

3.3

3.2

1Hgures include dhormd or widowed not *ted.

NOTE In 1970 data on intawsdbatween marriageswera reporlad by 18 raglatratlon 8tates (CaMwnia,Florida,Georgia, Hawaii,Illlnoia, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, Naw Hampshire, New ‘fork,

North Carolina, Pannaylvanla,Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Varmorrt,Wiaconain,and Wyoming). 8y 1988, 11 additional $tataa ware raporthsgIntarvat batwean marriages (Alabama,Colc)rado,

Indiana, Kantucky, Maine, Minnesota, Mlsskwippl,Missouri, Nabraske, Oragon, and Vlf9inla).
~ Monthly Vital Statlstlcs Report. Vol. 40, No. 4(S). August 26, 1991~ 19

Table 11. Marrlage$ and mean age at marriage by race and previous marital status of bride and groom: 34 reporting States, 1988

[Basedon sample data]

Remarriage

Previous

Widowed or marital

First Previously Previously divorced status not

Raoa Total marriage Totai divorcedl w-r”dowedl not stated stated

Bride

Allraces.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other rews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raoanotatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Allraces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherracea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotstated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bride

Allraoas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherraoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racanotsteted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Allracw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otharracea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,221,711

1,057,799

132,035

20,633

11,044

1,221,711

1,056,018

137,579

18,007

10,027

28.8

28.7

29.2

2e.4

29,3

31.3

31.2

31.7

30.6

32.0

753,423

636,095

95,343

$5,080

4,905

764,937

650,499

96,381

13,554

4,503

24.2

23.9

26.0

25,7

24.4

26.2

25.9

27.6

27.8

26.5

455,095

409,653

36,118

5,542

3,782

444,578

396,208

40,596

4,325

3,449

36.4

36.3

37.8

36.0

37.1

40.2

40.1

41.5

39.5

40.7

367,536

350,478

26,959

4,775

3,324

382,308

342,147

33,228

3,863

3,070

Mean age

34.7

34.5

36.3

35.1

35.7

38.3

36.1

39,8

38.5

39.6

40,205

35,796

3,622

Fa

36,506

32,309

3,656

273

268

53.2

53.7

49.2

48.4

54.0

61.1

61.6

57.4

54.2

56.3

27,354

23,377

3,537

320

120

25,764

21,752

3,712

189

111

35.7

35.4

37.9

35.4

27.9

39.4

39.1

47.3

37.4

32.5

13,193

10,051

574

211

2,357

12,196

9,311

602

208

2,075

26.0

,25.7

26.5

24.3

27.3

28.1

27.5

31.6

26.9

29.5

iDMS ~hde r~tisge$ In %ufh Cerollna.Thesedsta are lrwludedin “widowedOrdWOrC6d not atatad.”

NOTE Of the 42 StateaIn the marriaga-regbtration area in 18SS, 34 reported race or brideand grcam- AJabama,Alaska,Connecticut,Delaware,Fbrida, Georgia,Hawaii,Idalm, Illmoia,Indlane,

Karsaaa,Kentuoky,l.oulalsna,Maine,Mlnnseota,Mladaslppi, Mlseourl, Montana, Nabrsska, NW Hsmpshira, New Jeraay, North Carolina, Oragon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Isknd, South Carolina,

South Dakote, Tenneeeee, Uteh, Vermont, Virginia,WestVirginia,Wisconsin,andWyoming.Thoseregistrationareasthat did not report race are CaIiiom,a, Colorado, the Diatrbt or Columbia,

Ic+w, Maryland, Maaaachueetts, Michigan, New York, and Ohio.
Table 12. Marriages and percent distribution by educational attainment of bride and groom, according to previous marital status, and

mean and median years of school completed: 23 reporting States, 1988

[Based on sample data]

Yeara of school completed

Mean

0-4 8-11 12 13-15 16 17 years Not end

Previous merltel status Total years years years years years or more stated median

Bride

Total .,.................,.. . . . . . .

Single, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prevloualymarried .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed ordivorced notetated. . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previouslymarried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed ordivorced notstated. . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bride

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previous[ymarrled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previouslymarried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

850,296 20,601 96,740 318,733 192,298 116,200 50,752 54,972

545,156 10,010 56,396 191,572 126,743 91,827 36,062 32,552

302,796 10,541 40,143 126,805 65,244 24,257 14,616 21,192

272,106 7,251 35,042 115,565 60,252 22,219 13,398 18,359

27,780 3,220 4,697 10,169 4,475 1,882 1,155 2,1s2

2,912 70 404 1,051 517 156 63 651

2,340 50 199 356 311 122 74 1,228

850,296 28,567 89,769 324,453 167,952 117,934 66,651 54,950

551,216 12,438 56,110 210,261 110,936 85,594 43,035 32,642

297,277 16,130 33,541 113,87i 56,965 32,267 23,524 20,979

269,769 11,666 30,089 105,777 5S,291 29,358 21,344 16,244

25,054 4,361 3,122 7,416 3,267 2,755 2,058 2,055

2,454 103 330 678 367 154 122 660

1,601 19 116 321 49 73 92 1,129

Percent distribution

100.0 2.6 12.2 40.1 24.2 14.6 6.4 . . .

100.0 2.0 11!0 37.4 24.7 17.9 7.0 . . .

100.0 3.7 14.3 45.0 23.2 S.6

100.0

5.2 . . .

2.9 13.8 45.6 23.7 8.8 5.3 . . .

100.0 12.6 16.3 39.7 17.5 7.4 4.5 ,..

100.0 3.6 11.3 40.6 21,1 14.6 8,4 . . .

100.0 2.4 10.6 40.8 21,4 16.5

100.0

8,3 . . .

5.8 12.1 41.2 20.6 11.7

100.0

6.5 . . .

4.6 12.0 42.1 21.2 17.7

100,0

8.5 . . .

19,0 13.6 32.2 14.3 12.0 8.9 . . .

Mean

13<5

13<7

13,1

13.7

12.4

. . .

,.,

13.5

13,7

13.3

13,3

12,4

,..

. . .

Median

12.9

73.0

12.7

12,7

12.5

12.9

12.9

12.6

12.6

12.5

NOT& Of the 42 Statas in the marriage.regiatratlon area In 1988,23 reported education of bride and groom-Alabama, Callfomia, Connecticut, Hawall, Illinole, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 4(S) ● August 26, 1991~ 21

Table 13. Average education by age at marriage according to previous marital stetuw 23 reporting States, 1988

[Based on sample data]

Previousmarftslstatus

Age Total SIrrgle Dkvr)ed Wfdowad

Bride

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Atlases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-S4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-84yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.5

10.6

12.3

13.6

14.1

13.9

13.7

13,0

12.1

11.9

13.5

10.7

11.9

13.2

13.9

13.9

14.0

13.4

12.5

11.6

Mean years of school mmpleted

13.7 13.1

10.6 10.1

12.3 11.2

13.6 12.3

14.7 13.0

14.7 13.4

14.6 13.5

12.7 13.2

12.4 12.3

11.6 11.6

13.7

10.7

11.9

13.3

14.2

14.5

14.6

13.3

11.4

11.3

13.3

11,8

11.6

12.3

12,8

13.3

13.8

13.5

12.7

11.8

12.4

*

*

12.0

12.5

13.1

13.1

12.4

12.0

11.9

12.4

*

*

12.2

12.9

13.5

13.6

12.9

12.5

11.8

NOTE:Oiths42States Inthemarrlaga-raglstrsdlonarealn1988,23 reponedaducelionofbrideand grooin-Alebarna,CaMomiaj Connecticut, Hawsli, Illinola, lndlanzl(enaea, Kentucky,Louialena, Maine, Mlaalsslppl,Mlsaouri,Montana, Nebrsaka, New Hampahira, Nofth Carolina, Rhoda laland, Tanneaaae,Utah, Verrncnt, Vrrglnla,Wlaconain, ard Wycirrimg.

Table 14. Average age atmarriageby educational attainment accordingto previous marltaI atatuw23reportIng States, 1988

[Baeed on sample data]

Prevfouamerftsistatus

Years of school completed Total Single Dimmed WMw’ed

Bride Mean age in yeara

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 24.4 34.7 52.6

O-Syeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 24.4 39.6

S1-Ilyeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60.2

26.8 21.0

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1

51.3

23.4 E

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4

51.6

24.5 34.9

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50.4

28.9 26.7 36.2

17yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52.0

31.7 26.6 38.1 51.7

Groom

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 26.3 38.2 60.5

O-Syears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 27.7 46.6

$1-l lyears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67.3

29.3 24.2 36.3

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59.8

25.2 36.6

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E:

58.4

26.4 37.6

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56.9

31.9 28.2 40.1

17yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60.0

34.6 28.9 42,0 60.6

NOTE Ot the 42 States In the marriage-reglatratbn area In 1986,23 rapormd education 01br~e and groom+ .labma, CaSfornie,CcwnacUcut,Hewal, Illh@a, lndlarw Kanaaa,Kentucky, LouI$I.

aria, Maine, Mlssisslppl, Mlsaourl,Montana, Nebraak& Naw Hampshire, North Caroline, Rhoda Inland, Tenneaaaa,Utah, Varrnor& Vlrglnia,Wia@nain, and WyorniW,
Sampling errors

All statistics for the W are estimates based on the systematic sample

of marriages described above; therefore, these statistics are subject to sampling errors. The sampling error is a

measure of variation that occurs by

chance between sample estimates and

the actual quantity being estimated.

The chances are about 68 in 100 that

an estimate would differ from the true

value by Iess than the sampling error

and about 95 in 100 that the difference

would be less than twice the sampling

error.

Population denominators

Marriage rates for the MRA by

age, sex, and previous marital status

for 1983-88 are based on unpublished

population estimates as of July 1,

prepared by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census (3). National and State rates

for 1988 are based on population estimates as of JuIy 1, published by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census (4).

Computation of percent

distributions, medians, and

means

Figures for marriage order and

previous marital status not stated were

subtracted from figures for marriages

used as denominators before medians

were computed. Percent distributions

were calculated excluding not-stated

cases. Computations of median and

mean age at marriage were based on

tabulations of ungrouped data.

3U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished estimates by marital status consistent with United

States population estimates, by age, se% race,

and Hispanic origiq 1980 to 1988. Current population report.y series P-25, no 1045. Washington U.S. Department of Commerec. 1990.

‘U.S. Bureau of the Census. State population

and household estimates, with age, se% and

components of changq 1981-88. Current population repo~, series P-25, no 1044. Washington

U.S. Department of Commcree. 1989.

Nonreporting bias

Age was completed on more than

99 percent of marriage records, but in

1988 marriage order for brides was not

stated on 2 percent of the MRA

records. No missing data were allocated before rates were calculated.

The percent not stated for grooms was

similar.

●u.s.Qowmnmt PIlntingOlneu will — Zsl-sal{umz
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 4(S). August 26, 1991

This report represents summary tabulations from the final marriage statistics for

1988. More detailed tabulations for 1988 will be published in Wal Statistics of the

United States, Vdr.me HI-A4arn”age and Divorce. Prior to the publication of that

volume, the National Center for Health Statistics will respond to requests for

unpublished data whenever possible.

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance

report of final marriage statistics, 1988. Monthly Copyright information

vital statistics repofi vol 40 no 4, suppl.

Hyattsville, Ma@and: Public Health Service. This report may be reprinted without further

1991. permission.
Vol. 39, No. 12, Supplement 2 ● May 21, 1991

Monthly

Statistics

Vital

— Re~ort

&

Final Data From the National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Divorce Statistics, 1988

1

Contents

Divorces and divorce

rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Children involved in

divorce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Duration of marriage . . . . . 4

Petitioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

List of detailed tables . . . . . 6

Technical notes. . . . . . . ...17

Divorces and divorce rates

The number of divorces in the

United States in 1988 totaled

1,167,000, a slight increase over 1987

(1,166,000). After reaching the all-time

peak of 1,213,000 in 1981, the number

of divorces has fluctuated throughout

the 1980’s with no apparent pattern

(table 1).

Despite the rise in the annual

number of divorces, the divorce rate

per 1,000 population (4.7) and the

divorce rate per 1,000 married women

15 years of age and over (20.7) both

dropped for the third consecutive year.

Both rates increased sharply in the

1970’s, peaked in the late 1970’s and

early 1980’s, and have generally

declined throughout the remainder of

the 1980’s.

Divorce rates based on the place

where the divorce was granted differed

by region of the country and by State

(table 2). As in previous years, the

rates for the South (5.4) and West

(5.3) were higher than those for the

Midwest (4.5) and the Northeast (3.5).

These differences by region were also

present in 1978, but have narrowed

since that time. Compared with 1987,

the rate in 1988 declined 3 percent in

the Northeast, 4 percent in the West,

remained unchanged in the South, and

increased 2 percent in the Midwest.

Divorce rates by State varied from

13.2 in Nevada to 3.0 in Massachusetts. After Nevada, the next four

States with the highest divorce rates

were Arizona (7.1), OkIahoma (7.1),

Arkansas (7.0), and Wyoming (6.9).

Other areas with low divorce rates

were Minnesota, New Jersey, New

York, North Dakota, Wisconsin (ail

with 3.5), the District of Columbia

(3.4), and Pennsylvania (3.2). Compared with 1987, divorce rates dropped

for 17 States and the District of

Columbia, increased for 18 States, and

remained unchanged for 12 States.

Because of incomplete data for

Indianaj Louisiana, and New Mexico,

divorce rates for these States could not

be compared.

Data for the preceding discussion

are from counts of the annual number

of divorces provided to the National

Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)

by each State and the District of

Columbia. Data for the following discussions on the children invoIved in

divorce, ages at divorce and marriage,

duration of marriage, and petitioner of

divorce come from information on the

divorce certificates of States that constitute the divorce-registration area

(DRA). These 31 States and the District of Columbia accounted for 49 percent of aII divorces in 1988. Subgroups

of DRA States reported information

on race and education.

Children involved in divorce

Three statistics measure the extent

to which divorce affects children in the

United States: the number of children

involved in divorce, the average number of children per decree, and the rate

per 1,000 children under 18 years of

age (tabIe 3). The estimated number

of children involved in divorce in the

United States in 1988 was 1,044,000, a

slight increase over the number for

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control

National Center for Health Statistics

Manning Feinleib, M.D., Dr. P.H., Director
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2. May 21, 1991

1987 (1,038,000). Generally, the related to changes in divorce levels and comparable number for the District of

number of children involved in divorce family size. Columbia was only 35 percent. Generhas been declining in the 1980’s, after The rate of children involved in ally, the proportion of divorces with

steep increases in the 1960’s and early divorce per 1,000 children under children involved was higher for

1970’s. This drop can be attributed 18 years of age was 16.4 in 1988, up Western and Midwestern States than

partly to the decline in the divorce rate slightly from 1987 (16.3) but 12 percent for Southern and Northeastern States.

and the concurrent decline in the lower than the all-time high of 18.7 in Some of this difference can be attribnumber of children in married-couple 1981. The rate in 1988 was double that uted to differences in fertility between

families. of 25 years ago in 1963 (8.2), indicating regions. In particular, fertility rates in

The average number of children that twice as many children per 1,000 States in the West are generally higher

per decree is a ratio of the number of experience their parents’ divorce today than those in the Northeast (2).

children involved in divorce to the than a generation ago. The proportion of divorces with

number of divorces. In 1988, there Slightly more than half of divorcing children involved differed by the race

were 0.89 children for every divorce, couples in 1988 had children under 18. and education of the couple (data not

the same as in 1987. This number is Approximately 26 percent had 1 child, shown). For the 27 States and the Disstrikingly close to the average number 20 percent had 2 children, and 7 per- trict of Columbia that reported race, a

of children in married-couple families cent had 3 or more children (table 4). slightly larger proportion of white couin the United States in 1988, 0.88 (l). For couples with children, the average pies (52 percent) had children at the

There have been more divorces than number was lower for those that time of divorce than did black couples

children involved in divorce every year divorced (1.70) than for all married- (50 percent) and couples of other races

since 1979 (figure 1), when there was couple households (1.84). (48 percent). Nineteen States reported

exactly one child per decree. For the The percent of divorcing couples both the race and educational attain20 years previous to 1979, there were with children varied widely by State. ment of the divorcing couple, InLthese

more children involved in divorce than In Oregon, 63 percent of divorcing States, there were opposite patterns

there were divorces. This reversal is couples had children, whereas the by educational attainment in the

1,400,000

1,2c0,ew

1,000,000

rroolocYJ

600,000

400,0(XI

200,000

Number of childreninvolvedin divorces

,$%*ltt,

●<t

●*’

●.”

.s Number of divorces

●’

.’

,*. ,$

,.

.’

.*

.

,%*’ ●.*

,***

●*’

*S*’”

,.-

.*I*

.’

,,,,lI1lS

,111$

0

1 1 I I I i I 1 I

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19eo

Figure 1. Estimated number of divorces and children involved in divorces: United States, 1950-88
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~3

proportion of divorces with children women, 18.5. This anomaly reflects the men marry women younger than theminvolved for white parents and black fact that, as of July 1, 1988, fewer men selves, so at divorce, men often fall

>arents. For white men and women, than women were reported as married into an oIder 5-year age category than

those with less than high schooi educa- (3), resulting in the slightly higher their spouses (4).

tions had a larger percent of divorces divorce rate for men. The rates for Except for men 65 years of age

involving children than did those with both men and women generally and over, all age-specific divorce rates

educational attainment beyond high declined throughout the 1980’s, for both men and women were higher

school. However, for black men and although the gap between the rates for in 1988 than in 1970 (table 5). There

women the reverse was true. The pro- the sexes remained relatively constant. were particularly steep increases for

portion of divorces with children Divorce rates were at their peak at teenagers, for whom the rates more

present was lower for blacks with lower an older age for men than for women than doubled. From 1980 to 1988,

educational attainment and higher for (figure 2). The divorce rate for men divorce rates have declined for age

those with higher educational attain- jumped from 37.5 per 1,000 for ages categories in which the majority of the

ment. For couples of other races, there 15–19 years to the peak of 55.9 for divorces took place. For men, these

were no clear patterns by education. ages 20-24 years and then consistently age categories were 25-29, 30-34, and

Age declined for each successive age cate- 35–39, which accounted for 58 percent

gory. The rate for women started at its of all divorces in 1988 (tabIe 6). For

The incidence of divorce per 1,000 peak of 56.3 for ages 15–19 years and women, the rates decIined for age catemarried persons differed by sex and age then declined with increasing age. The gories 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, and

(table 5). The divorce rate per 1,000 delayed peak for men can be attributed 35–39, which accounted for 73 percent

married men was 18.9 in 1988, to the difference in ages between men of aIl divorces in 1988. The decline in

2 percent higher than the rate for and women at marriage. Generally, the rates for the age categories where

So

50

10

0

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 S5-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 eo-a4 & yeare

and wer

Age in yeere

Figure 2. Age-specific divorce rates for men and women: Divorce-registration area, 1988
4~ Monthly Vitai Statistics Report ● Voi. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

the bulk of the divorces occurred

resulted in the overall decline in the

rate for men and women of all ages

from 1980 to 1988.

Two measures of the age at

divorce, the mean and the median, had

consistent patterns of variation

according to the number of the marriage (table 7). The median age, or the

age at which half of the cases fell

above and half below, was 35.1 years of

age for men and 32.6 years of age for

women. The median age at divorce for

first marriages was much lower than

for remarriages, This can be attributed

to the differences in the ages at marriage for first marriages and remarriages, Within remarriages, the median

age at divorce for second marriages

was about 4 years lower than for third

or higher marriages. The mean (or

average) age at divorce was higher

than the median but had the same

general differences by number of the

marriage. The mean age at divorce for

men and women, regardless of the

number of the marriage, was 36.9 and

34,4 years of age, respectively. As with

the medians, the mean ages at divorce

for first marriages were much lower

than for remarriages.

The trend in the median and mean

ages at divorce from 1970-88 differed

for first marriages and remarriages.

After a brief decline in the early

1970’s, the median and mean ages at

divorce for first marriages increased to

levels higher than those of 1970, For

divorces of remarriages, the median

and mean ages declined until the late

1970’s and, despite recent increases,

were still lower in 1988 than in 1970.

The largest proportion of divorces

in 1988 was for men and women who

had married at ages 20-24 years,

40 percent for men and 37 percent for

women (table 8). For both sexes, a

majority of the divorces were for those

married at ages under 25 years,

The variation of the median age at

marriage for divorcing men and

women was similar to that of the mean

age at marriage (table 9). For divorces

of first marriages, the ages at marriage

were approximately 10 years younger

than for divorces of remarriages.

These differences are fairly consistent

with recent marriage data.

Duration of marriage

Most divorces occur relatively

early in the marriage, as shown by the

median and mean durations and the

percent distribution of divorces by

duration of the marriage. The median

duration of all marriages that ended in

divorce in 1988 was 7.1 years, the

highest in 20 years (table 10). First

marriages lasted approximately 2 years

longer before divorce than second

marriages, which in turn lasted approximately 2 years longer than third or

higher marriages. The mean duration

of marriages that ended in divorce in

1988 (9.7) was higher than the median

and was the highest mean duration in

the 1970–88 time period.

The proportion of divorces was

highest for couples that had been married 3 years, and generally declined

with increasing duration (figure 3).

Over one-third of the divorces in 1988

were for couples married less than

5 years and almost two-thirds were for

couples married less than 10 years

(table 11). However, the proportion of

divorces for couples married 20 years

or more has been increasing in recent

years and was about 12 percent in

1988,

Partly because of differences in

State laws regarding divorce, the proportion of divorces for couples rnarriec

less than a year varied widely by State.

In Alabama, 8,8 percent of divorces

were for couples married less than a

year, whereas the comparable proportion for Maryland, Virginia, and Vermont was only 0.4 percent.

Petitioner

Wives petitioned for divorce more

often than husbands, and were even

more apt to do so when children were

involved (table 12). Approximately

61 percent of the divorces in 1988

were petitioned by the wife, 32 percent

by the husband, and 7 percent by the

husband and wife jointly. The proportion of divorces petitioned by the wife

was 65 percent when there were children involved and 56 percent when

there were no children. From 1975–78,

the proportion of divorces where the

husband and wife petitioned jointly

increased sharply, mostly due to

revised divorce laws, In the last lb

years, the proportion of divorces filed

jointly has fluctuated, but remained at

levels higher than the mid-1970’s. A

10 -

8

6

E

;

4

2

0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3a

DurationInyears

Figure 3. Percent distribution of divorces by duration of marriage: Divorce-registration

area, 1988
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~5

slightly higher proportion of divorces

were petitioned jointly when there

~ere no children.

Race

For the 27 States and the District

of Columbia that reported race on

divorce records, approximately 87 percent of divorcing wives were white,

12 percent were black, and 2 percent

were of other races (table 13). The

distribution was basically the same for

divorcing husbands. Of the 2 percent

of divorces that were interracial, the

largest group was white husbands and

wives of races other than white or

black. The distributions by race were

very similar to recent marriage data.

References

1. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Household

and family characteristics, March 1988.

Current population reports; series

P-20, no 437. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1989.

2. National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final natality statistics, 1988. Monthly vital statistics

repor~ vol 39 no 4, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1990.

3. US. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished estimates by marital status consistent with United States population

estimates, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 to 1988. Current

population reports; series P-25, no

1045. Washington: U.S. Department of

Commerce. 1990.

4. National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final marriage statistics, 1987. Monthly vital statistics

report; VOI38 no 12, suppl, Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1990.

5. U.S. Bureau of the Census. State population and househoId estimates, with

age, sex, and components of change,

1981-88. Current population reports;

series P-25, no 1044. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1989.
6~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

List of detailed tables

1. Number and rate of divorces and

annulments: United States, 1940-

88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Number and rate of divorces and

annulments: United States, each

region, division, and State, 1978,

1987, and 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Estimated number of children

involved in divorces and

annulments, average number of

children per decree, and rate per

1,000 children under 18 years of

age: United States, 1950-88 . . . . . . .

4. Number of divorces and annulments and percent distribution by

number of children under 18years

of age involved: Divorce-registration

area and each registration State,

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Number of divorces and

annulments by age of men and

women at time of decree, 1988, and

rates by age of men and women at

7 time of decree, 1970, 1980, and

1982-88 :Divorce-registration area.. 11

6. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by age of husband

8 and wife at time of decree: Divorceregistration area, 1978-88 . . . . . . . . . 11

7. Median and mean age of husband

and wife at time of decree, by

number of this marriage: Divorceregistration area, 1970-88 . . . . . . . . . 12

9 8. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by age of husband

and wife at time of this marriage:

Divorce-registration area, 1978-88.. 12

9. Median and mean age of husband

10

and wife at time of this marriage, by

number of marriage: Divorceregistration area, 1970-88. , . . . . . . . 13

10. Median and mean duration of

marriage at time of decree, by

number of this marriage of husband

and wife: Divorce-registration area,

1970-88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by duration of

marriage to decree and median and

mean duration of marriage Ito

decree: Divorce-registration area

andeach registration State, 1988 . . .

12. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by petitioner,

according to presence of children at

time of decree: Divorce-registration

area, 1975-88, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13. Divorces and annulments by race

of wife and husband: 27 reporting

States and the District of Columbia,

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

15

15

16
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~7

Table 1. Number and rate of divorces and annulments: United States, 1940-88

‘Data refer only to events occurring within the United States. Alaska Included beginning 1959 and Hawaii beginning 1960. Rates per 1,000 population enumerated as

f April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other yeara]

Rate per 1,000–

Divorces Married

and Total

Year

women 15

annulments population years and over

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963. .,,.,...........,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1661 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1948. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1947 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1946 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1943 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1942 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,167,000

1,166,000

1,178,000

1,190,000

1,169,000

1,158,000

1,170,000

1,213,000

1,169,000

1,181,000

1,130,000

1,081,000

1,083,000

1,036,000

977,CCQ

915,000

845,W0

773,000

706,000

639,000

584,000

523,000

499,0CSI

479,000

450,000

428,000

413,000

414,0Q0

393,000

395,000

368,000

381,000

382,000

377,000

379,000

3eo,ooa

392,00+J

381,003

385,000

397,000

408,000

483,000

610,000

485,CKKJ

400,000

359,0Q0

321,000

293,000

264,000

4.7

4.8

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.6

3.4

4.3

3.5

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.0

20,7

20.6

21.2

21.7

21.5

21.3

21.7

22.6

22.6

22.8

21.9

21.1

21.1

20.3

19.3

18.2

17.0

15.6

14.9

13.4

12,5

11.2

10.9

10.6

10.0

9.6

9.4

9.6

9.2

9.3

8.9

9.2

9.4

9.3

9.5

9.9

10.1

Iu

10.6

11.2

13.6

17.9

14.4

12.0

11.0

10.1

9.4

8,8
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

Table 2. Number and rate of divorces and annulments: United States, each region, division, and State, 1978, 1987, and 1988

[Data are counts of decrees granted supplied by States except as noted. Figures for the divorce-registration States differ from those based on sample data shown in

table 4. Rates per 1,000 population in each area estimated as of July 1]

Number Rate

Region, division, and State 1988 1987 1978 1988 1987 1978

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Regions:

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northeast

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest:

EastNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South:

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouth Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouthCentralZ. .,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West:

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England:

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic:

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East North Central:

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West North Central:

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic:

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central:

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West South Central:

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain:

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

‘1,167,000

176,000

1267,000

1456,000

266,000

47,008

128,822

2167,622

74,750

218,145

287,164

142,742

267,394

21S0,803

6,044

4,899

2,585

17,676

3,795

12,009

62,924

26,897

39,001

49,244

2,335,437

45,911

240,103

17,127

15,245

10,808

24,948

2,363

2,649

6,262

12,475

3,021

16,807

42,112

26,013

9,352

32,396

14,662

35,074

78,708

19,953

31,287

23,827

212,097

16,747

6,538

23,048

94,409

4,070

5,987

3,316

18,651

28,477

24,928

8,043

13,922

11,166,000

180,000

1451;000

1273,000

46,008

134,052

186,349

73,846

214,743

86,793

144,696

285,619

185,204

5,886

4,947

2,426

16,993

3,664

12,072

67,993

27,222

38,637

49,294

35,289

46,986

39,857

16,923

14,931

10,527

24,984

2,256

2,896

6,234

12,218

2,938

15,522

42,525

25,606

9,141

31,577

13,835

34,132

79,465

19,795

30,324

24,532

12,142

16,088

9,591

23,919

85,096

4,116

5,692

3,202

18,590

27,138

23,760

8,985

13,936

1,130,000

168,000

286,000

413,000

263,000

45,368

122,879

211,002

75,078

191,432

280,543

141,416

78,229

184,606

6,192

4,721

2,055

16,160

3,475

12,765

56,043

28,575

36,261

59,200

340,333

50,311

45,029

16,129

14,393

11,123

26,308

2,071

2,449

6,066

12,668

3,302

16,497

3,437

22,654

9,698

26,558

11,901

31,554

65,631

213,759

28,412

25,059

13,313

2.619,964

13,229

22,439

85,784

4,884

6,356

3,130

18,590

9,608

17,320

7,128

11,213

14.7

3.5

14.5

%4

5.3

3.6

3.4

*

4.2

5.1

25.7

*

26.6

24.8

5.0

4,5

4.6

3.0

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.2

4.5

*

4.0

24,3

3.5

3.5

3.8

4.9

3.5

3,7

3.9

5.0

4.6

3.6

43.4

4.3

5.0

5.0

4.2

5.5

6.4

5.4

6.4

5.8

24,6

7.0

*

7.1

5.6

5.1

6.0

6.9

5.7

25.6

7.1

4.8

13.2

~4.8

3.6

4.4

15.4

15.5

3.6

3.6

4.5

4.2

5.2

5.7

*

*

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.4

2.9

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.5

3.3

4.6

6.4

4.1

4.3

3.5

3.5

3.7

4.9

3.4

3.8

3.9

4.9

4.6

3.4

44.1

4.3

4.8

4.9

4.0

5.5

6.6

5.3

6.2

6.0

4.6

6.7

*

7.3

5.7

5.1

5.9

6.5

5.6

*

7.0

5.3

13.8

5.1

3.4

4.9

5.7

6.4

3.7

3.3

5.1

4.4

5.3

25.6

6.2

7.3

6.0

5.6

5.3

4.1

2.8

3.6

4.1

3.3

3.6

3.2

5.5

37.4

4.4

4.9

3.5

3.6

3.8

5,4

3.2

3.6

3.9

5.4

5.5

3.9

5.1

4.3

5.1

4.6

3.9

8.0

7.2

23.8

6.4

6.5

5.4

2,S8,9

3.2

7.7

6.4

6.2

7.0

7.3

6.i

7.7

6.9

5.2

15.6
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~9

Table 2. Number and rate of divorces and annulments: United States, each region, division, and State, 1978, 1987, and 1988-Con.

[Data are counts of decrees granted supplied by States except as noted. Ffgures for the dworce-registration States dtier from those based on sample data shown in

:able 4. Rates per 1,000 population In each area estimated as of July 1]

Number Rate

Region, division, and State 1988 1987 1978 1988 1987 1978

PacifiH

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,369 26,967 26,485 5.7 5.9 6.6

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,167 15,602 16,965 5.5 5.7 6.8

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2130,885 I 34,822 132,850 24.6 4.9 5.6

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,342 3,394 3,469 6.4 8.7

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,020 4,419 4,637 4.6 E 5.2

1Fi9rXeSincludeestimate%see Technical notes.

2Data are Incomp[et% see Technical notes.

3Some counties reported divorce petitionsfiled rather then decrees granted.

4Figure used for the District of Columbia Is the total number of velid divorce certificates provided to NCHS.

5Data include dkmissals and legal seperetlorw excluding thsse events, the number of dworces end annulments is 14951 and the diirce mte is 6.7.

Table 3. Estimated number of children involved in divorces and annulments, average number of children per decree, and rate per 1,000

chiidren under 18yearsofagS United States, l 950-88

[Data refer to children under 18 yeara of age and only to events occurring within the United States. Beginning in 1960, estimated from frequencies based on sample

datq for 1950-59, estimated from total counts. For estimating method, see Technical notes. Population enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of

Julylforallother years]

Estimated Average Rate per

numberof numberof 1,000 children

children children

Year

under 18

involved perdecree years of age

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044,000 0.89 16.4

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036,000 0.89 16.3

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,064,000 0.90 16.8

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091,000 0.92 17.3

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,081,000 0.92 17.2

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,0s1 ,000 0.94 17.4

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106,000 0.94 17.6

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,180,000 0.97 18.7

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,174,000 0.98 17.3

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...<.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181,000 18.4

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,1 47,00Q ;:8 17.7

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,095,000 1.W 16.7

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117,000 1.03 16.9

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123,000 1.06 16.7

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,089,000 1.12 16.2

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,079,003 1.17 15.7

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021,000 1.20 14.7

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946,000 1.22 13.6

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870,000 1.22 12.5

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640,000 1.31 11.9

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764,000 1.34 11.1

1967. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701,000 1.34 9.9

1966, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669,000 1.34 9.5

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630,000 1.32 6.9

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613,000 1.36 8.7

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562,000 1.31

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.2

532,000 1.29 7.9

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516,000 1.25 7.8

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463,000 1.18 7.2

1959. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46$,000 1.16 7.5

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398,000 1.08 6.5

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379,000 0.99 6.4

1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,000 0.95 6.3

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347,000 0.92 6.3

1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 ,OQo 0.90 6.4

1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330,000 0.85 6.4

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 8,0+)0 0.81 6.2

1951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,000 0.80 6.1

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299,000 0.76 6.3
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

Table 4. Number of divorces and annulments and percent distribution by number of children under 18 years of age involved:

Divorce-registration area and each registration State, 1988

[Based on sample data]

Number of children under 18 years of age involved

A// divorces

and 5

Area annulments Total None 1 2 3 4 or more

Divorce-registration area. . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

570,874.

23,970

3,350

11,972

3,025

2,112

35,100

5,017

6,000

46,911

10,816

12,512

20,025

17,055

17,705

40,240

24,946

4,073

6,264

4,899

62,924

49,260

15,170

39,010

3,795

14,672

2,651

31,360

8,002

2,566

26,013

17,120

3,317

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100,0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

47.4

49.6

48.6

50.1

46.1

64.5

49.6

47.6

47.6

47.0

40.4

44.6

49.4

52.2

46.1

44.6

46.6

42.7

37.7

42.0

54.6

45.4

37.4

44.7

43.9

46.4

40.4

51.1

39.3

39.2

51.1

40.6

41.5

25.5

26.0

22.6

24.7

27.7

21.0

26.4

24.2

21.9

24.6

25.2

24.4

27.5

26.4

24.6

23.9

25.4

24.7

25.1

25.6

22.5

27.5

30.1

27.0

26,1

28,0

24.8

26,2

22,9

25,2

26.9

25.5

25.1

Percent distribution

19.6

17.2

20.1

19.2

19.4

11.1

16.3

16.9

19.6

19.9

23.5

21.9

17.5

16.9

21.0

22.0

20.1

22.9

24.6

24.1

16.6

20.0

25.3

20.6

21.8

19.1

22.9

17.6

20.4

25.4

17.1

23.9

22.6

5.6 1.3 —

5.9

6.1

4.7

5.1

2.2

4.6

6.5

7.3

6.4

8.8

7.0

4.3

3.5

6.7

7.5

6,1

7,7

9.1

6.5

4.9

5.5

5.6

6.2

6.5

5.2

8,9

3.9

9.9

8.2

4.0

8.1

6.2

1.1

1.5

1.2

1,4

0.6

0,6

2.0

2,1

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.1

0.7

1.1

1.5

1.3

1.7

2.6

1.4

1,1

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.0

2.2

1.1

4.7

1.7

0.7

:$

0.4

0.2

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.6

;:

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.7

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.8

0.1

2.6

0.3

0.1

0.5

0.7

lThis State reports number of children aftec!ed by desree.
Monthly Vital Stati$tlcs Report. Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~11

Table 5. Number of divorces and annulments by age of men and women at time of decree, 1988, and rates by age of men and women at

time of decree, 1970, 1980, and 1982-$8: Divorce-registration area

;Baaed on sample data. Prior to calculation of ratea, figures forage not stated were distributed. Rates exclude data for Michigan, Ohio, and South Dakota. Rates per

1,000 married population in speclfled group enumerated as of April 1 for census yeara and estimated as of July 1 for all other yeara]

Number Rata

Age at time of decree 1988 1988 1967 1966 1985 1984 1983 1662 1980 1970

Men

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yearef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4C=14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Women

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yearal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

570,874

2,027

45,358

103,795

108,735

90,228

69,519

44,059

25,561

15,430

9,440

9,040

47,882

570,874

8,773

75,173

117,439

106,362

82,339

59,401

34,042

17,232

9,461

5,539

4,952

50,161

16.9

37.5

55.9

38.9

30.2

26.1

21.3

17.0

11.4

7.0

4.5

1.9

. . .

18.5

56.3

46.3

35.6

26.7

22.3

19,0

13.0

7.8

4.7

2.8

1.5

. . .

18.6

37.6

52.2

37.6

30.4

21.4

17.1

11.0

6.5

4.3

2.0

. . .

16.6

49.5

46.0

33.9

27.2

23.1

16.7

13.1

7.5

2;

1.5

. . .

19.0

41,2

49,5

38.2

30.8

25.4

22.2

17.2

10.6

6.4

4.2

2.0

. . .

18.8

51.4

46.2

34.8

27.7

23.0

18.8

12.8

7.6

E

1.5

. . .

19.4

40.0

49.9

38.4

30.4

28.3

23.2

16.7

11.1

6.6

4.1

2.1

. . .

19.2

48.4

46.6

35.6

26.8

23.4

19.6

12.6

7.4

4.2

2.7

1.6

. . .

19.2

42.9

48.2

37.6

3f .7

27.1

22.0

16.1

10.7

6.4

4.0

1.9

. . .

18.8

45.5

E

28.1

23.5

18.5

11.8

7.4

4.3

2.7

1.4

. . .

19.3

43.3

45.2

40.0

32.4

27.3

21.5

15.9

10.7

6.2

3.9

2.0

. . .

18.9

46.1

&

27.7

23.9

18.2

12.1

7.3

4.1

2.6

1.5

. . .

19.4

34.9

47.0

40.3

32.4

27.0

21.8

15.3

10.1

6.1

3.8

1.9

. . .

19.0

45.6

E

28.5

22.9

17.7

11.8

6.8

4.0

2.7

1.4

. . .

19.8

29.3

46.9

41.4

33.8

28.8

21.0

14.5

9.5

5.6

3.7

1.9

. . .

19.5

42.4

47.2

37.6

29.2

23.3

16.7

10.8

6.6

3.9

2.7

1.4

. . .

14.2

15.1

33.6

30.0

22.3

17.9

13.6

10.7

7.6

5.1

3.4

1.9

. . .

14.0

26.9

33.3

25.7

16.9

f4.8

11.9

8.5

5.6

3.5

2.3

1.3

!..

llncludes divorcss of persons under 15 years of age.

Table 6. Percent distribution of divorces and annulments by age of husband and wife at time of decreat Dlvoroe-registration area,

1978-88

[Based on sample data]

Age of husband and W% at time of deoree 1986 1387 1988 1665 1984 1963 1962 1661 1960 1976 1978

Husband

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

20-24yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8

30-34yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9

55-59yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9

60-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8

65yearaandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7

Wife

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4

45-49yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3

55-59years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~.6

6C-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

65yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

100.0

0.4

9.0

20.2

20.8

17.3

13.0

8.1

4.6

2.9

1.8

1.7

100.0

lFO

22.6

20.3

16.1

11.0

6.2

3.2

;:;

0.9

100.0

::

20.6

20.6

17.6

12.1

7.8

4.6

2.9

1.7

1.7

100.0

1::

22.8

19.8

16.2

10.1

5.8

3.2

1.8

;;

100.0 100.0 100.0

0.6

1;: 1:: 11.0

21.0 20.9 21.3

20.6 20.7 21.0

17.2 17.1 16.6

12.0 11.8 11.5

7.4 7.4 7.2

4.8 4.7 4.6

3.0 3.0 2.9

1.6 1.7 1.7

1.7 1.6 1.5

100.0

1?8

23.1

19.9

15.5

10.2

5.6

3,1

1.6

1.1

0.9

100.0

1?3

23.1

19.7

15.4

9.8

5.5

3.2

1,9

1,0

0.6

100.0

2.5

17.4

23.6

19.5

15.0

E

3,2

1.9

1.0

0.9

100.0

0.6

11.7

22.0

21.3

16.3

10.7

6.9

4.6

2.8

1.5

1.5

100.0

2.7

18.6

24.1

19.9

14.2

8.8

5.1

3.1

1.8

:::

100.0

0.7

12.5

22.6

22.1

15.1

10.0

6.7

4.6

2.7

1.5

1,4

100.0

2.9

19.5

24.8

20.2

13.1

8.2

4.9

3.1

::

0.8

100.0

0.6

13.5

23.4

21.4

14.6

9.8

8.5

4.4

2.7

1.4

1.4

100.0

3.4

20.8

24.6

19.4

12.8

7.7

4.8

3.1

z

0.8

100.0 100.0

1:: 12:

23.8 24.3

20.8 20.2

14.2 13.6

9.7 9.3

6.7 6.6

4,5 4.5

2.6 2.7

1.5 1.4

1,4 1.4

100.0 100.0

3.6 4.0

21.2

24.6 E

16.7 17.9

12.3 11.8

7.9 7.5

5.0 5.0

3.1 3.3

1.7

(E 0.9

0.7 0.7
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

Table 7. Median and mean age of husband and wife at time of decree, by number of this marriage Dhrorce-registration area, 1970-88

[Based on sample data]

Number of marriage of husband Number of marriage of wife

Remarriage Remarriage

Third Number of

first

Third Number of

Second marriage rrrartiage

Year

FM Second msrriage marriage

Total marriage Totell marriage or more not stated Total marriage Total! marriage or more not stated

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0

1982. . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1

1960, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 32.7

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3

1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2

1974, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,2

1973, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,4

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3

1972. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6

32.7

32.6

32.4

32.2

32.2

32.1

31.7

31.4

31.0

30.8

30.5

30.5

30.2

30.1

30.2

30.4

30.4

30.5

30.5

34.7

34.6

34.4

34.3

34.2

34.1

33.7

33.4

33.2

33.1

32.9

33.0

32.9

32.8

32.9

33.1

33.2

33.2

33.2

40.6

40.4

40,0

39.6

39.6

39.3

39.1

38.5

38.3

38.4

36.2

39.3

39.6

39.9

40.3

40,8

40.9

41,5

41.5

42.5

42.3

42.1

41.9

41.6

41.4

41.3

40.9

40.6

40.7

40,5

4“1.4

4’1.7

41.7

42,1

42.4

42.4

42.7

42.8

39.7

39,5

39.2

38.6

36.5

38.3

38.0

37.4

37.3

37,3

36.9

38,0

38.2

38>3

38.7

39.3

39.4

40.0

39.9

41.5

41.3

41.0

41.0

40.7

40,5

40,3

39.8

39.6

39.7

39.5

40.4

40.4

40.4

40.9

41.1

41.1

41.4

41.4

44,1

43.7

43.5

43.0

42.7

42.6

42.4

42.4

41.9

42.4

41.1

43.8

44.3

44.9

45.0

45.8

45.6

46.3

46.5

45.8

45.5

45.2

44,9

44.6

44.6

44.6

44.5

43.7

44.2

43.8

45.3

45.6

45.6

46.1

46.4

46.4

46.6

47.1

Median age in years

35.3 32.6 30.6

35.1 32.5 30.5

34.9 32.1 30.2

34.5 31.9 30.0

34.4 31.7 30.0

34.1 31.5 29,8

33.7 31.1 29,5

33.4 30.6 29,1

32.8 30.3 28.8

32.5 30.1 28,6

32.5 29.7 28.3

32.5 29.9 28,2

31.9 29.7 26.1

32.8 29.5 27.9

32.0 29.5 27.7

31.7 29.7 27.6

32.4 29.8 27.9

32.6 29.8 27.7

33.1 29.8 27.7

Mean age in years

37.0 34.4 32.5

37.2 34.2 32.4

36.6 33.9 32.2

36.4 33.7 32.0

36.4 33.6 31.9

36.1 33.5 31.6

35.8 33,1 31.4

35.8 32.7 31.1

35.3 32.4 30.6

35.4 32.3 30.7

35.0 32.1 30.5

35.1 32.4 30.5

34.6 32.3 30.4

35.6 32.3 30.3

35.1 32.3 30.3

34.9 32.5 30.4

35.3 32.6 30.5

35.2 32.7 30.4

35.4 32.7 30.4

37.5

37.3

37.0

36.8

36.4

36.3

35.8

35.3

35.2

35.3

35.1

35.7

36.2

36.4

36.7

37.3

37.7

37.9

38.2

39.0

36.6

38.6

36.5

36.2

38,1

37.9

37.6

37.4

37.4

37.2

38.1

38.3

38.5

38.8

39.1

39.3

39.4

39.3

36.6

36.4

36.1

36,0

35.7

35.5

35.0

34.5

34.3

34.4

33.9

34.6

34.9

35.1

35.4

36.0

36.2

36.5

36.5

36.2

36.0

37.6

37.7

37.5

37.2

37.0

36.7

36.5

36.6

36.2

37.2

37.1

37,4

37.6

36.0

36.0

36.2

38.1

40.1

39,8

39.4

39.1

38.5

36.9

36.8

36.5

38.3

36.5

38.7

40.1

40.8

40.8

41.3

42.0

42.6

42.2

42.8

41.5

41.4

41.1

41.2

40.5

41.0

40.7

40.5

40.4

40,5

40.5

41.6

42.2

42.1

42,6

42.7

43.4

43.0

43.4

llncludes remarried,number not stated.

Table 8. Percent distribution of divorces and annulments by age of husband and wife at time of thi$ marriage: Divorce-reglstrat[on area,

1978-88

[Based on sample data]

Age of husband and wife

at time of this marriage 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978

Husband

Alleges. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0

Under20years ..,....,.. . . . . . . . . . 12.4 12.8 13.7 14,2 14.9 15.4 16.1

20-24years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,,.

17.0

40.2

18.0

40.5

16.4 i 9.3

40,6 41.4 41.9 42.5 43.0 44.0 44.0

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 21.3

44.3

21.0

44.7

20.5 20.1 19.7 19.3 18.7

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,6

18.4

10.6

18.0

10.4

17,5

10.3 9,7 9.3 9.0

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..,,,.

8.6

6.2

8.1

6.3

7.9

6.6

7.4

5,4 5.1 5,0 4,6

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7

4.5

3.5

4.3

3.5 :::

4.1

3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8

45yearsandover, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0

2.6 2.7

5.0 4.9

2.9

4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 4,5 4.2 4.3 4.1

Wife

All eges, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 30.4 31.7 32.6 34.0 35.1 36.6 38.3

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,, ,..., 36.5

39.9 41.0 42.6

36.5 36.4 36.7 36.4 36.3 36.2 35.9

25-29years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 15.4

35.5 35.1

14.6

34.2

14.4 13.8 13.3 12.7 12.1

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . . . .

11.4 11.0

8.1 7,9 7.6

10.5

7.2 6.8 6.7 6.2 5.6

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.6

4.6 4,5

5.4

4.4

5.0

4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.2

40-44years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1

2.5

3.1

2.4

2.8

2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9

45yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.9

2.9

1.9

3.0

1.9

2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~13

Table 9. Median and mean age of husband and wife at time of this marriage, by number of marriagtx Divorce-registration area, 1970-88

[Based on sample data]

Number of marriage of husband Number of marriage of w“fe

Remarriage Remamhge

Third Number of Third

First

Number of

Seoond marriage marriage First Second marriage marriage

Year Total marriage Tots/l marriage or more not stated Total marriage Totall marriage or more not stated

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . ..!......

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24.6

24.5

24.3

24.1

24.0

23.8

23.7

23.4

23,3

23.2

23.0

23.1

23.1

23.0

23.0

22.9

23.0

23.0

23,0

27.3

27,2

27.0

26.9

26.7

26.6

26.4

26.1

25.9

25.8

25.7

25.9

25.9

25.8

25.9

25.9

25.9

26.0

26.1

22.8

22.8

22.7

22.6

22.5

22.4

22.3

22.1

22.0

22.0

21.9

21.9

21.9

21,9

21,8

21.8

21.8

21.8

21.8

23.9

23.9

23.6

23.7

23.5

23.4

23,3

23.1

23.0

22.9

22.9

22.9

22.9

22.9

22.8

22.8

22.9

22.9

23.0

33.4

33.4

33.2

32.9

32.7

32.5

32.4

32.0

31.6

31.7

31.5

32.1

32.5

32.1

32.6

32.6

32.7

33.0

33.0

35.5

35.5

35.4

35.3

35.1

34.9

35.0

34.6

34.4

34.5

34.2

34.9

35.2

35.0

35.4

35.5

35.3

35.6

35.7

31.8

31.6

31.6

31.4

31.3

31.1

31.0

30.6

30.4

30.4

30.1

30.6

30.7

30.5

30.8

31.0

30.8

31.1

31.1

34.0

34.0

33.9

33.6

33.7

33.5

33.5

33,2

33.0

33.1

32.8

33,5

33.5

33.4

33.7

33.6

33.7

33.8

34.0

36.5

38.2

36.0

37.9

37.5

37.7

37.6

37.6

37.1

37.2

37.1

38.1

36.6

36.6

39.1

39.3

39.0

39.8

39.8

40.2

40.2

40,0

39.8

39.6

39.5

39.6

39.6

39.0

39.2

39.0

40.0

40.4

40,5

40.9

40.9

40.7

41.3

41.2

Median age in years

24.7 22.3

24.6 22.2

24,6 22.0

24.2 21.8

24.2 21.7

24.3 21.5

23.9 21.3

23.7 21.1

23.7 20.9

23.5 20.9

23.2 20.7

23.1 20.7

22.6 20.7

23.1 20.6

23.1 20.6

23.0 20.6

22.9 20.5

22.8 20.5

22.7 20.4

Mean age in yeara

27.5 24.7

27.6 24.7

27.4 24.4

27.3 24.3

27.4 24.1

27.2 24.0

27.0 23.8

26.9 23.5

26.7 23.3

26.6 23.2

26.1 23.1

26.0 23,3

25.6 23.3

26.2 23.2

25.9 23,2

25.9 23.2

25.8 23.2

25.3 23.2

25.5 23.2

20.6

20.7

20.6

20.5

20.4

20.3

20.2

20,0

19.9

19.8

19.7

19.7

19.7

19.7

19.6

19.6

19.5

19.5

19.4

21.8

21.7

21.6

21.5

21.3

21.2

21.0

20.9

20.7

20.6

20.5

20.5

20.5

20.4

20.4

20.3

20.3

20.2

20.2

30.1

30.2

30.0

29.8

29.6

29.5

29.2

28.9

26.8

28.8

28.5

28.9

29.3

29.1

29.3

29.4

29.5

29.6

29.6

32.1

32.1

32.0

31.9

31.8

31.7

31.6

31.4

31.2

31.2

31.0

31.6

31.9

31.6

32.1

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.3

28.7

28.7

28.6

28.4

28.3

28.1

28.0

27.7

27.4

27.4

27.1

27.5

27.6

27.4

27.7

27.7

27.7

27.9

27.7

30.7

30.7

30.6

30.6

30.5

30.4

30.3

30.1

29.8

29.9

29.6

30.2

30.2

30.3

30.4

30.5

30.5

30.6

30.5

34.9

34.9

34.7

34.6

34.0

34.1

34.3

33.9

33.9

34.0

34.1

34.7

35.2

35.3

35.5

36.3

36.6

36.1

36.8

36.4

36.5

36.2

36.4

35.7

36.2

36.1

35.9

35.9

35.9

36.0

36.6

37.1

37.0

37.5

37.6

37.9

37.7

38.0

22.3

22.2

22<1

21.6

21.6

21.5

21.4

21.2

21.0

20.9

20.6

20.6

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.1

19.9

24.7

24.8

24.6

24.3

24.6

24.2

24.1

23.9

23.8

23.6

23.1

22.9

22.6

23.0

22.8

22.7

22.8

22.3

22.2
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2. May 21, 1991

Table 10. Median and mean duration of marriage at time of decree, by number of this marriage of husband and wife: Divorce-regiatratlon

area, 1970-88

[Based on sample data]

Number of marriage of husband Number of marriage of wife

Remarriage Remarriage

Third Numbar of Third Number of

F/rst Second marriage marriage First Second marriage marriage

Year Total marriage Totafl marriage or more not stated marriage Totall marriage or more not atstad

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . ...<

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . !........

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1

7.0

8.9

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.6

6.8

6.6

6.6

6,5

6.5

U

6.7

6.7

6.7

9.7

9.6

9.6

9.5

9.5

9.6

:::

9.2

9.3

9.1

9.2

9.2

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

9.5

9.5

6.0

7.9

7.9

8.0

8.3

8.4

8.2

;::

7.8

7,5

7.5

7.3

7,3

z

7.5

7.6

7.6

10,8

10.6

10,7

10.7

10,8

10.8

10.5

10.4

10.2

10.3

10.1

10.2

10.1

10.0

10.1

10.3

10,3

10.4

10.4

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.6

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.9

4.6

7.0

6.9

6.7

6.7

6.5

6.6

6,4

6.3

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.5

6.7

6.6

6.9

7.1

7.1

7.1

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.8

4.8

4,6

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.2

5.1

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.2

7,0

7.0

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.9

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.4

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.8

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.9

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.8

4.9

4.8

5.0

4.9

5.3

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.6

5.8

5.6

5.9

Median duration In years

7.0 8.1

7.0 a,o

6.9 7.9

6.5 8.0

6.5

6.6 ::

6.6 8.2

6.6 6.0

6.6 7.7

6.6 7.7

6.3 7.5

6.4 7.4

6.1 7.3

7.2

H 7.2

6.3 7.5

6.2 7,4

6.5 7.5

6.5 7.6

Mean duration in years

9.6 10.9

9.5 10.6

9.4 10.7

9.2 10.7

9.1 10.6

9.1 10.8

9.3 10.5

9.1 10.4

9.2 10.2

9.1 10.2

6.9 10.1

e.o 10.1

8.9 10.1

9.1 10.0

9.3 10.1

9.2 10.3

9.2 10.3

9.4 10.4

9.4 10.4

6.3

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.9

::

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.8

7.0

;;

7.1

6.9

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.3

7.6

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.7

7,0

7.0

7.3

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.7

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3,4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.5

3.6

3.7

3,7

3.8

5.2

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.6

5.4

5.5

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.9

6.8

6.6

6.7

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.4

z

6.3

6.5

6.5

9!7

9.6

9.5

9.2

!3.2

!3.2

!3.3

9.2

9.2

9.2

9.0

9.1

9.0

9.1

9,4

9,3

9,3

9.4

9.5

llncludes rsmarrled, number not stated.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~15

Table 11. Percent distribution of divorces and annulments by duration of marriage to decree and median and mean duration of marriage

to decree: Divorce-registration area and each registration State, 1988

:Based on sample data]

Less than 1-4 5-9 10-14 1s19

Area

20-24 25 years

Total 1year years years years yeare years and over Median Mean

Divorce-registration area . . . , . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columtria . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota.........,.. . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wismnsln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent distribution Years 1

100.0

100.0

100.0

i 00.0

100.0

100.0

i 00.0

i 00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

3.4

8.8

5.7

1.4

E

6.0

2.7

5.4

3.4

2.9

5.7

6.8

0.4

0.7

3.1

4.2

4.5

2.6

1.3

1.6

%

1.1

0.7

1.7

4.5

R

0.4

0.4

1.1

5.8

32.7

39.7

37.8

31.2

31.8

32.8

36.6

35.4

36.2

33.1

31.9

38.0

37.7

22.5

26.1

31.5

35.6

33.8

32.6

32.5

31.9

33.3

33.4

23.9

28.5

31.4

34.2

39.0

37.9

28.6

29.3

29.7

35.6

28.0

24.0

29.5

27.6

28.6

28.6

27.2

29.6

27.6

27.4

28.6

27.0

25.8

34.1

28.4

28.2

26.3

26.7

28.8

29.8

27.0

26.0

29.7

29.3

30.2

29.8

27.0

25,8

25.8

30.4

30.4

30.6

27.0

14.0

10.9

12.7

13.5

14.3

14.1

13.0

13.6

13.4

14.3

14.7

12.1

12.4

16.9

15.7

14.7

13.2

13.2

13.8

14.2

14.3

13.2

14.2

16.3

14.2

14.8

14.1

11.3

13.3

15.8

15.4

14.6

13.8

9.5

7.7

8.9

10.5

10.6

8.6

7.2

6.3

6.4

9.7

9.7

8.2

7.7

10.6

11.7

9.9

8.7

9.5

10.4

10.5

10.5

8.8

9.7

12.1

12.2

10.3

9.1

7.3

7.6

11.8

10.5

10.1

7.9

6.0 6.4 7.1

4.4 4.6 5.2

4.0 3.5 5.6

7.7 8.2 7.8

6.7 6.2 7.5

7.3 8.1 7.4

3.7 4.3 5.8

5.2 5.1 6.6

4.4 4.5 6.3

5.9 6.1 7.1

6.3 5.9 7.2

4.3 4.8 5.9

4.3 5.3 5.8

7.2 8.4 8.7

6.5 9.0 8.8

6.5 6.1 7.4

5.0 5.0 6.5

5.3 4.9 6.7

5.9 6.0 7.1

6.2 5.5 7.3

6.9 7.6 7.6

5.6 6.6 6.8

5.4 4.1 6.6

7.5 9.7 9.1

6.6 7.6 8.0

6.0 6.0 7.5

4.9 6.1 6.7

5.3 4.6 5.6

4.5 4.8 6.0

6.3 6.4 8.1

7.0 6.9 6.0

8.0 5.9 7,8

5.4 4.5 6.3

1Medians end means computed on data by single years of duration.

Table 12. Percent distribution of divorces and annulments by petitioner, according to presence of children at time of decre~

Divorce-registration area, 1975-68

[Based on sample data]

9.7

8.0

7.9

10.8

10.1

10.6

6.1

9.1

8.6

9.7

9.8

8.4

8.5

11.4

11.6

9.9

6.9

9.1

9.8

9.8

10.5

H’

11.8

10.8

10.0

9.3

8.3

lH

10.6

10.4

6.7

All divorces and annulmental Children present Children not present

Husband Husband Husband

Year Tota12 Husband Wife and wife Tota12 Husband Wife and wife Tot2r12 Husband Wife and wife

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.5 60.7 6.6 100.0 28.6 64.9 6.3 100.0

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.7

36.6 56.1 7.3

60.7 6.5 100.0 26.8 65.1 6.1 100.0

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.6

36.9 56.1 7.0

61.5 5.9 100.0 26.4 65.7 5.9 100.0

1985, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.4

37.3

61.8 5.7 100.0

56.9 5.8

28.6 65.9 5.5 100.0

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.3 61.7 6.0

36.6

100.0

57.3 5.9

28.5 65.7 5.7 100.0

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.8

36.6

62.1 6.1

57.2 6.3

100.0 26.0 65.9 6.0 100.0 36.0

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.3 62.5 6.2

57.6

100.0 27.2 66.8 6.0 100.0 :$

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 30.5 63.1

35.7 57.6

6.3 100.0 27.0 67.2 5,8 100.0

1980, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 30.2

34.5 56.3 7.1

63.4 6.3 100.0 26.9 67.0 6.1 100.0

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 29.8

34.2 59.0 6.7

63.7 6,5 100.0 26.2 87.6 6.1 100.0

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

34.2

29.6 63.5

56.7 7.1

6.6 100.0 26.4 67.4 6.2 100.0

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 30.2

33.6

64.8 5.0 100.0

58.7 7.7

26,4 68.8 4,8 100.0

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 29.4

34.6 60.1 5.3

65.4 4.6 100.0 25.7 69.6 4.4 100.0

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 29.4

33.9

67.2 2.6

60.5 5.1

100.0 25.6 71.4 2.6 100.0 34.2 62.0 3.2

‘Includes cmes where presence of children is not stated.

‘Includes cases In the category “other person” as petitioner.
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

Table 13. Divorces and annulments by race of wife and husband: 27 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1988

[Based on sample data]

Race of w“fe

All Other Not

Race of husband races White Black races stated

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458,770 377,423 50,607 8,184 22,556

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376,428 371,384 967 3,010

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,067

52,420 2,693 49,143 390

Otherraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

194

7,571 2,360 360 4,745

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106

22,351 986 137 39 21,189
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991 ~17

Technical notes

definitions

Divorces include absoIute

divorces, annulments, and dissolutions

of marriage. Data are tabulated by

State where the decree was granted,

not by State of residence. Date of

divorce is defined as the date the

decree was granted.

Sources of data

Nationwide counts

Data in tables 1 and 2 come from

counts of the number of divorce

decrees reported annually by States

and counties to the National Center

for Health Statistics (NCHS). For the

District of Columbia, the count of

divorces was taken from a 100-percent

sample of divorce records. When

divorces are not reported for some

counties, the following criteria are

applied for the data shown in table 2:

1.

2.

3.

4,

The State totals are published as

reported even when there are nonreporting counties.

If the population of nonreporting

areas in the Iatest available census

is less than 1 percent of the State

population, the State total does not

have a footnote to indicate that the

data are incomplete.

If the population of nonreporting

areas is 1.0-9.9 percent of the State

population, data for the State and

division have the footnote “Data

are incomplete. ” Rates are computed and no estimates are made

for the missing data.

If the population of nonreporting

areas is 10 percent or more of the

State population, the State and division totals have the footnote “Data

are incomplete,” and the divorce

rate is not computed, Estimates are

made for inclusion in the totals for

the region and for the United

States, and rates are computed. Figures for the region and United

States have the footnote “Figures

include estimates.”

Sample data

Information about the characteristics of divorcing couples is available

only from States that participate in the

divorce-registration area (DRA). Data

in tables 3–13 come from a probability

sample of divorce records from the

States participating in the DRA. The

DRA has expanded from 28 States in

1970 to 31 States and the District of

Columbia in 1988. About 49 percent of

the divorces in the United States in

1988 took place in the DRA.

Divorce sample

The probability sample of divorce

records for 1988 was selected by using

five different sampling rates. For the

District of Columbia and for each State

in the DRA, either 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100

percent of the divorce records were

included. Sampling rates were selected

so that the expected sample would

contain at least 2,500 records for each

State. This criterion required 100-

percent sampling for Alaska, Delaware,

the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Montana, New Hampshire, South Dakota,

and Wyoming. One hundred percent of

the divorce records also were included

for eight additional States –Illinois,

Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Rhode

Island, South CaroIina, Vermont, and

Virginia. These eight States supplied

State-coded data tapes of 100 percent

of their divorce records through the

Vital Statistics Cooperative Program.

Table I shows sampling errors for

estimates that constitute 1, 10, 25, 50,

75, 90, and 99 percent of the annual

divorce totals. These sampling errors

are shown for the DRA for 1978, 1987,

Table L Sampling error of estimated percent Divorce-registration area, 1978, 1987, and

1988, and each registration State, 1988

[Figures for Alaska, Delaware, Oistrict of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New

Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming have no

sampling errors in 1988 because all records were tabulated]

Sampling error of estimated percent

Area and year 1 or 99 10 or 90 25 or 75 50

Divorce-registration area

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.1 0.1

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.1 0.1 :;

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Registration States, 1988

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

0.1 0.3 0,4 0.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia . . . . . . . .

.,. . . .

. . .

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa........,.......<.

. . . .,.

0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.7

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.6

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.1 0.4 0.6 0.7

. . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

0.2 0.6 0.9 1.0

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . .

South Dakota.........,..

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18~ Monthly Vital !Statistics Repott ● Vol. 39, No. 12(S)2 ● May 21, 1991

and 1988 and for the District of

Columbia and each DRA State for

1988.

Estimates of children involved

in divorce

To make the national estimates of

children involved in divorce, shown in

table 3, it was assumed that the average

number of children per decree for the

United States was the same as the

average in the DRA. This average was

multiplied by the national divorce total

to estimate the national number of children involved in divorce. For 1950-59,

the average number of children per

decree was calculated using data from

all reporting States; for 1960, from a

nationwide sample; for 1961-69, from

16 States; and thereafter, from all DRA

States.

Computation of rates, percent

distributions, medians, and

means

Divorce rates for 1988 are based

on populations estimated as of July 1,

1988 (3,5), Percent distributions,

means, and medians exclude cases for

which the pertinent information (number of children, duration of marriage,

or age) is not stated. Mean and median

ages at marriage and at decree, and

mean and median duration of marriag

were computed using ungroupeci data.

The mean and the median are both

measures of central tendency. The

mean is computed by summing the

values of the item under consideration

and dividing this sum by the number of

observations included. The median is

the middle value of a set of observations that have been arranged in order

of magnitude. There are an equal

number of observations above and

below the median.
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1.

SERIES 2.

SERIES 3.

SERIES 4.

SERIES 5.

SERIES 6.

SERIES 10.

SERIES 11.

SERIES 124

SERIES 13,

Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data colled”on programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics.They include descriptionsof the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include ana!@”cal

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of cotiected

data, end contributionsto statisticaltheory.These studies also

include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

Analytical and Epidemiological Studiee-These reports

present analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and

health statistics.These reports carry the analyses furtherthan

the expository types of reports in the other series.

Documents and Committee Reports-These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and hea!th

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

Internstionai Vital and Health Statistics Reports-These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

Cognition and Survey Measurement—These reports are

from the National laborato~ for Collaborative Research in

Cognition and Survey Measurement. They use methods of

cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments<

Data From the National Health Interview Survey-These

reports contain statistics on illness; urrintentional injuries;

disabilii use of hospital, medical, and other health sewice~

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household intewiew survey.

Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, te~”ng, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medica[ly defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

Stales and the distributionsof the population with respect to

physkaf, physiological,and psychological!characteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

Data From the National Health Care Survey-These

reports contain statisticson heatth resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers end provider records.

SERiES 14.

SERIES 15.

SERIES 16.

SERIES 20.

SERIES 21.

SERIES 22.

SERIES 23.

SERIES 24.

Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

Discontinued in 1990. Reports on the numbers, geographic

distrib~’on, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

Data From Special Surveys—These reports contain

statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.

Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics-Advance Data Reports provide early release of

information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

heatth and demographic surveys. They are compiled in the

order in which they are published. Some of these releases

may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10-13.

Data on Mortality-These reports contain statistics on

mortalii that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

Data on NataIity, Marriage, and Divorce+These reports

contain statistics on natalii, marriage, and divorce that are

not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

Dete From the National Mortality and Natelfty SurveyaDiscontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys,

based on vital records, are now published in Series 20 or 21.

Data From the National Survey of Family Growth—

These reports contain statistics on factors that affect birth

rates, including contraception, infertility, cohabitation,

marriage, divorce, and remarriage adoption; use of medical

care for family planning and infertil~ and related maternal

and infant health topics. These statistics are based on

national surveys of childbearing age.

Compilations of Data on Natslity, Mortality, Marriege,

Divorce, and Induced Terminations of Pregnancy—

These include advance reports of births, deaths, marriages,

and divorces based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics System that were published as supplements to the

Monthly Vlfal SW13tics Report (MVSR). These reports provide

highlights and summaries of detailed data subsequently

published in Vital Statistics of the Lhifed States. Other

supplements to the MVSR published here provide selected

findings based on final data from the National Vtal Statistics

System and may be followed by detailed reports in Series 20

or 21.

For answers to questions about this report or for a list of reports published

in these series, contact

Data Dissemination Branch

National Center for Hea!th Statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Public Health Service

8525 Belcrest Road, Room 1064

HyattsviIle, Ml) 20782

(301) 436-8500

E-mail: nchsquery@rchl Oa.em.cdc.gov

Intemeti http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/nchshome.htm
DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Sem”ce

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health statistics

6525 Belcrest Road

Hyattaville, Maryland 20782

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

PENALlY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 96-1955, Series 24, No. 5

6-0670 (10/96)