# Appendix B1

Area and Non

- Nonroad Model

Inventory Document

(Maryland Department of the Environment)1 

## M ARYLAND 

## D EPARTMENT OF THE 

## E NVIRONMENT



## A IR AND 

## R ADIATION 

## M ANAGEMENT 

## A DMINISTRATION State Implementation Plan



# 2011 Base Year SIP Emissions

Inventory Methodologies

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Prepared By:

Maryland Department of the Environment

### Maryland Department of the Environment

20 11 Base Year Emissions Inventory Methodologies

 Maryland Department o f the Environment

Air and Radiation Management Administration

1800 Washington Boulevard, Suite 730

Baltimore, Maryland 21230

Phone 410.537.3240 • Fax 410.631.3202

# T able of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

2.0 POINT SOURCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 5

2.2 COMPILING THE POINT SOURCE LIST

................................ ................................ ................... 5

2.2.1 EMISSION CALCULATIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 6

2.2.1.1 Seasonal Adjustments

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 7

2.2.2 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR)

................................ ................................ ......... 8

3.0 AREAS SOURCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 9

3.1 EMISSION ESTIMATION METHOD BY CATEGORY

................................ ............................. 9

3.1.1 PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

................................ ................................ ................... 9

3.1.1.1 Tank Truck Unloading

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 10

3.1.1.2 Stage II Refueling

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 15

3.1.1.3 Underground Tank Breathing

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 17

3.1.1 .4 Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit

................................ ................................ .............................. 20

3.1.1.5 Aviation Gasoline Distribution Stage 1 and Stage 2

................................ ................................ 22

3.1.1.6 Petroleum Vessel Unl oading Losses

................................ ................................ ........................ 25

3.1.1.7 Portable Fuel Containers

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 30

3.1.2 STATIONARY SOURCE SOLVENT APPLICATION

................................ ............................ 36

3.1.2.1 Dry Cleaners

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 36

3.1.2.2 Industrial and Institutional Cleaning

................................ ................................ ........................ 38

3.1.2.3 Architectur al Surface Coating

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 42

3.1.2.4 Auto Refinishing

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 51

3.1.2.5 Traffic Markings

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 53

3.1.2.6 Industrial Surface Coating

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 57

3.1.2.7 Industrial Adhesives and Sealants

................................ ................................ ............................ 61

3.1.2.8 Graphic Arts

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 64

3.1.2.9 Asphalt Paving and Roofing

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 67

3.1.2.10 Synthetic Organic Chemical Storage Tanks

................................ ................................ ......... 70

3.1.2.11 Pesticide Application

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 70

3.1.2.12 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use

................................ ................................ .................... 76

3.1.3 BIOPROCESS EMISSIONS SOU RCES

................................ ................................ .................... 80

3.1.3.1 Bakeries

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 80

3.1.3.2 Breweries

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 83

3.1.3.3 Winerie s

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 85

3.1.3.4 Distilleries

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 86

3.1.4 CATASTROPHIC/ACCIDENTAL RELEASES

................................ ................................ ....... 87

3.1.4.1 Oil Spills

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 87

3.1.4.2 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks / Soil Remediation

................................ ........................ 89

3.1.5 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, TREATME NT, AND RECOVERY

................................ ........... 91

3.1.5.1 On

- site Incineration

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 913.1.5.2 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)

................................ ................................ ........... 92

3.1.5.3 Open Burning

– Land Clearing Debris

................................ ................................ ..................... 94

3.1.5.4 Open Burning

– Residential Municipal Solid Waste

................................ ............................... 97

3.1.5.5 Open Burning

– Residential Yard Waste

................................ ................................ ............... 103

3.1.5.6 Cremation

– Animal and Human

................................ ................................ ............................ 109

3.1.5.7 Municipal So lid Waste Landfills

................................ ................................ ............................ 112

3.1.6 SMALL STATIONARY SOURCE FOSSIL FUEL USE

................................ ........................ 114

3.1.6.1 Small Electric Utility Boilers

................................ ................................ ................................ . 114

3.1.6.2 Other Fuel Consumption

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 114

3.1.6.3 Fuel Oil Combustion

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 115

3.1.6.4 Coal Combustion

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 120

3.1.6.5 Natural Gas Combustion

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 127

3.1.6.6 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Combustion

................................ ................................ ................... 131

3.1.6.7 Wood Combustion

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 135

3.1.6.8 Commercial Cooking

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 137

3.1.7 FUGITIVE SOURCES

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 143

3.1.7.1 Residential Construction Activity

................................ ................................ .......................... 143

3.1.7.2 Heavy Construction Activity

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 147

3.1.7.3 Road Construction Activity

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 150

3.1.7.4 Agricultural Land Preparation

................................ ................................ ................................ 153

3.1.7.5 Paved Roads

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 157

3.1.7.6 Unpaved Roads

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 162

3.1.8 FIRE SOURCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 171

3.1.8.1 Vehicle Fire s

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 172

3.1.8.2 Forest Fires

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 174

3.1.8.3 Slash/Prescribed Burning

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 174

3.1.8.4 Agricultural Burning

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 176

3.1.8.5 Structure Fires

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 176

3.1.8.6 Orchard Heaters

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 178

3.1.9 AMMONIA SOURCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 179

INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 179

Emission Calculations Methodology

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 179

3.1.9.1 Agricultural Livestock Production Operations

................................ ................................ ....... 179

3.1.9.2 Dairy Cattle (cows)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 180

3.1.9.3 Hogs and Pigs

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 182

3.1.9.4 Chickens (Pullets, Layers, Broilers, and Misc Poultry)

................................ ......................... 184

3.1.9.5 Sheep

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 186

3.1.9.6 Goats (Angora and Milk)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 188

3.1.9.7 Horses

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 190

3.1.9.8 Ducks, Gees e and Turkeys

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 192

3.1.9.9 Agricultural Fertilizer Application

................................ ................................ ......................... 194

3.1.9.10 Human Breath and Perspiration

................................ ................................ .......................... 198

4.0 NONROAD SOURCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 199

4.1 NONROAD VEHICLES/ENGINES

................................ ................................ .......................... 199

4.2 RAILROADS

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 2004.3 AIRCRAFT

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 206

4.3.1 Commercial Aircraft

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 208

4.3.2 General Aviation

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 210

4.3.3 Military Aircraft

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 212

4.4 MARINE VESSELS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 2144



## 1.0 INTRODUCTION

In 2012, U.S. EPA designated area nationwide as nonattainment for the new 8

- Hour Ozone

National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments

(CAAA) requires all states to revise and submit State Implementation Plans (SIP) for areas

classified as nonattainment of the NAAQS for ozone.

As part of designation of nonattainment areas for the 8

- hour ozone standard, a new attainment

demonstration SIP will be necessary. A key element in the overall SIP planning process is the

need for an updated emissions inventory . This document presents the 2011 Base Year Ozone

SIP Emissions Inventory for Maryland as required by the CAAA of 1990. It includes NOx and

VOC emissions for all anthropogenic emissions for the State of Maryland. Theses emissions are

categorized as poin t, quasi

- point, area, biogenic, on

- road mobile and non

- road mobile.

This technical report documents the procedures and methodologies that were used in the

development of summer day volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)

emissions for all counties in Maryland. This report describes the following:

1. Identification of stationary and mobile sources included in the inventory;

2. Sources of data, and data collection methods used in the development of the inventory;

3. Methods and procedures used t o estimate emissions

4. Assumptions considered in the development of the emissions inventories.

The intent of this report is to describe how the inventory was prepared and what information was

considered in the inventory development.

This document is comp rised of six sections, one section for each source category type.5



## 2.0 POINT SOURCES

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The Maryland Department of the Environment Air and Radiation Management Administration

(ARMA) is the lead agency responsible for compiling the point source emi ssions inventory,

including identification of sources, documenting the method used to calculate emissions from

each source, and presenting the findings. In order to provide EPA with a written documentation

of emissions calculations for major point sources , confidential information was included in the

documentation. It is included with the understanding that EPA is also bound to respect the

confidentiality of the information, including appropriate storage of the information. Any

contractors employed by EP A to review the inventory are also subject to confidentiality

provisions, or the EPA must remove the confidential material before submitting the document for

review. This information does not appear in copies prepared public review.

The Maryland statio nary point source inventory is the result of efforts to characterize air

emissions sources since the early 1970's. This section describes data collection, verification and

emission estimation methods used to estimate point source emissions from stationary sources.

For the 20 11 Periodic Emissions Inventory, point sources are defined as stationary commercial

or industrial operations that emit more than 10 tons per year of volatile organic compounds

(VOC); 100 tons per year of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur ox ides (SO

x ), particulate matter with

an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM 10 ), and total suspended particulates

(TSP); or 25 tons per year of oxides of nitrogen (NO

x . In addition, stationary sources included in

previous PEI submissions were i ncluded herein regardless of the amount of air pollutants

emitted. These emissions criteria are more commonly referred to as “emissions thresholds” or

simply, “thresholds.”

2.2 COMPILING THE POINT SOURCE LIST

Maryland has a substantial database of both smal l and large air emission sources compiled over

the last eighteen years. Since the thirteen central counties of Maryland and Baltimore City have

been nonattainment for ozone since before 1982 and 80% of the state's population and major

industrial sources l ie within these counties, the database of over 10,700 sources (both above and

below the point source thresholds) is reasonably complete. The list of point sources in this

inventory was developed by applying the appropriate thresholds to the emission level s in the

database to differentiate between point and area stationary sources. Sources with emission levels

greater than the threshold or sources previously included in PEI submittals are by definition point

sources while sources with emissions levels less than the thresholds are by definition area

sources.

Several methods of source identification are used by ARMA to ensure the point source inventory

is as complete as possible. The primary data source is the Permitting Program, which overseas

the registra tion requirements found in Title 26, Subtitle 11, Chapter 02, Code of Maryland6

Regulations (COMAR). The Compliance Program identifies other point sources though annual

facility inspections and through investigations conducted in response to citizen compla ints.

The primary means of new source identification is the steady influx of permit applications and

equipment registrations. Many sources are required by COMAR 26.11.02, Permits, Approvals

and Registration, to register with ARMA. From 700 to 1,000 new sources are registered with the

Department each year. Most of these sources are not considered to be point sources as defined

for inventory purposes, even though they require permits. As an example, emissions from some

sources can be less than one ton pe r year. However, all sources that are registered with the

Department are tracked until the Department receives notification that the equipment or emission

source has ceased operations. An emissions source or its equipment is not permanently deleted

from the registration database until the installation is demolished.

The Department has established a Small Business Assistance Program as required by the Clean

Air Act Amendments to acquaint the owners of potential sources with the State’s permitting

requir ements, including air quality permits. The Department has also published a guidebook,

Environmental Regulation: A Business Guide to the Maryland Department of the Environment's

Permitting Process as part of its outreach program.

A secondary means of ne w source identification are the emission sources identified by

Compliance Program staff during annual field inspections of major point sources. During these

inspections, unregistered equipment is sometimes discovered. Statewide response to the Air

Pollut ion Report and the Air Quality Complaint Hotline, has also led to the discovery of

previously unidentified emissions sources. Sources discovered in this manner may be the result

of the citizen complaints, or the result of further investigation of visual e vidence such as

buildings, storage yards, visible emissions, etc., sighted elsewhere during the response.

2.2.1 EMISSION CALCULATIONS

The ARMA technical staff uses one of the following methodologies to calculate criteria pollutant

emissions:

 EPA

- supplied e mission factors

 EPA

- supplied emission models

 Material balances

 Emissions based on source test data

 Agency or company

- generated emission factors

The Compliance Program facility inspectors calculate annual emissions estimates following their

annual facility inspections. The results are then entered into ARMA’s Registration Files for

Facilities and Equipment, which lists facilities by premise numbers and equipment by

registration nu mbers under each facility. Both the stack and fugitive emissions , from all

r egistered equipment at a specific facility are summed to yield the annual facility emissions7

estimate. This total facility estimate is used to determine whether the facility satisfies the criteria

for classification of as a point source.

The estimation o f emissions on a facility

- wide basis can result in emissions from equipment in

some subcategories, such as boilers, being obscured. For example, boiler emissions are included

in the Amerada Hess Corporation’s total emissions. Therefore, these boiler emis sions are

included with emissions from gasoline storage and handling operations and included in the

Storage, Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Volatile Organic Liquids

source category rather than in External Combustion Sources category

.

Emissions from specific subcategories of sources can be extracted from the inventory to estimate

possible reductions from various control strategies. However, the emissions from specific

equipment subcategories cannot be excluded from the facility

- wid e emissions because of the

limitations of the software used to create the Registration File. Therefore, subcategories of

equipment emissions are not included in the inventory as separate line items for to do so would

result in the double counting of those emissions.

The estimates prepared by the facility inspectors following the annual inspection of each facility

are compared to the annual emissions reported by each facility in its Annual Emissions

Certification. A person who owns or operates a major faci lity as defined in COMAR

26.11.01.05

- 1 must submit to the Department an emissions statement by April 1 of each year for

the previous calendar year. The owner or operator of the facility must further certify that the

emissions statement is accurate to the b est of the owner/operator’s best knowledge. After the

certified emissions statements are logged in, they are thoroughly reviewed by the assigned

facility inspectors. Each inspector compares their emissions estimate to that prepared by the

respective compa ny for consistency of methodology and final emissions estimate results. The

facility inspectors resolve any discrepancies between the two estimates with the owner/operator

of the facility in question. When all discrepancies are resolved to the satisfactio n of MDE, the

final emissions estimates are then submitted as an update to ARMA’s Registration File for

Facilities and Equipment.

2.2.1.1 Seasonal Adjustments

ARMA has collected extensive data for the temporal allocation of emissions. C ompanies send

us annual

, quarterly, monthly, and daily usage, activity, and emission estimates . More specific

information allow s allocation of emissions to time of day.

In cases where the facilities did not provide peak ozone season emission estimates, the peak

ozone season e missions were calculated by the following method and are included in the

emissions summary tables, by county, at the end of this section:

1) Annual emissions in pounds per year were converted into pounds per day emissions by

dividing annual emissions by ope rating days,

2) Pounds per day emissions were then multiplied by a seasonality factor,8

3) The seasonality factor was based on the quarterly percentage of operations estimated by

the company adjusted for June, July, and August.

4) The ratio obtained in Step 3 wa s multiplied by the daily emissions calculated in Step 1 to

generate the seasonally adjusted emissions.

2.2.2 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR)

MDE

- ARMA compiled a 20 11 point source emission inventory in order to satisfy EPA

reporting requirements under the Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule. This will be the

primary resource for developing refined estimates of PM 2.5 and NH 3 emissions.9



## 3.0 AREAS SOURCES

3.1 EMISSION ESTIMATION METHOD BY CATEGORY

3.1.1 PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

Evaporative emissions o ccur at all points in the gasoline distribution process. These operations,

generally inventoried as area sources, are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in

transit. Bulk terminals and gasoline bulk plants, which are intermediate distrib ution points

between refineries and outlets, have been inventoried as point sources. Most gasoline dispensing

outlets emit less than 10 tons of VOC per year and therefore have been inventoried using area

source methods.

VOC emissions from gasoline dispe nsing outlets result from vapor losses during tank truck

unloading into underground storage tanks, vehicle fueling (boat fueling at marinas), and

underground storage tank breathing. Evaporative losses from each activity in this source

category have been t abulated separately so that various emission reduction control measures

could be easily evaluated.

Emissions from vehicle fueling, including spillage during fueling, were calculated with the

MOVES model and the methodology is described in Section 5.0 Mob ile Sources. Tank truck

unloading, underground tank breathing, tank trucks in transit and aircraft refueling were

calculated using emissions factors from AP

- 42 and EIIP.10

3.1.1.1 Tank Truck Unloading

SCC: 25 01 060 053

25 01 060 051

Emissions fro m tank truck unloading are affected by whether the service station tank is equipped

for submerged, splash or balance filling. Therefore calculations were based on the filling method

used and gallons sold.

VOC and HAPs

T he method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is presented in EIIP 1 , Chapter 11, Gasoline

Marketing, which extracts the emission factors from AP

- 42 , Volume I, Table 5.2

- 7.

Activity

The Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (se e Appendices)

provided annual gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and

non

- taxed gasoline purchased by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales

are included in the taxable sales data. The statewide total of gal lons of fuel sold was

allocated to the county level proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the

county. Vehicle registration data was collected from the Maryland Department of

Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration that supplied the data to MDE’s Mobile

Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel fuel powered vehicle totals were

subtracted from the Maryland and county registration numbers.

Percentages of submerged, balanced submerged and splash

- fill tanks were determined with

the assistance of MDE Waste Management. MDE staff reported no splash filling at

Maryland service stations in 2011. All underground storage tanks within the nonattainment

areas of the State of Maryland are required to use vapor

- balance submerged filling

me thods. Waste Management's underground tank inspection program and regulations

concerning underground storage tanks have eliminated splash

- fill tanks in the state. A

recent SSCD study determined that the rule effectiveness factor for vapor balance control s

was 91%.

An activity level of 7 days per week was used, based on observations by MDE staff of

unloading at Maryland retail gas stations. A rule effectiveness of 91% was determined

from a study of Stage I compliance performed in Regions III and IV by t he MDE/ARMA

enforcement program in 1991. In the attainment counties outside of Regions III and IV, a

1 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description:

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources:11

default rule effectiveness of 80 % was used. This survey data was used to determine the

penetration of each filling technology. The total fuel sales in th e county were multiplied

by the fraction using each filling technology. The AP

- 42 technology

- specific emission

factors were then used to estimate emissions from submerged filling and balanced

submerged filling. The emissions from each filling technology were summed to estimate

total emissions.

Filling Method Non

- Attainment

Area Transport

Region Attainment Area

Submerged 9% 9% 20%

Balanced Submerged 91% 91% 80%

Splash 0% 0% 0%

Emission Factors

Emission factors are affected by true vapor pressure a nd temperature. Emissions from

loading petroleum liquid can be estimated (with a probable error of ±30 percent) using the

following expression 2 :

where:

L L = loading loss, pounds per 1000 gallons (lb/10 3 gal) of liquid loaded

(T he loading loss is equivalent to an emission factor)

S = a saturation factor (see Table 5.2

- 1)

P = true vapor pressure of liquid loaded, pounds per square inch absolute (psia)

(see Figure 7.1

- 5, Figure 7.1

- 6, and Table 7.1

- 2)

M = molecular weight o f vapors, pounds per pound

- mole (lb/lb

- mole)

(see Table 7.1

- 2)

T = temperature of bulk liquid loaded, °R (°F + 460)

Table 5.2

- 1 from AP

- 42 shows that the saturation factor (S) is a constant for a specific

petroleum liquid, carrier and type of loading service

The true vapor pressure (P) can be estimated from the Reid vapor pressure using the

following equation:

The molecular weight varies slightly with temperature and pressure, however for this

analysis it is assumed to be constant.

2 AP42, Chapter 5.2: Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Liquids12

Proportioning the loading factors yields

The loading factor or emission factor is directly proportional to true vapor pressure and

inversely proportional to temperature in degrees Rankin.

LL1 = 0.3 at RVP o f 10 and 6 0 F; this yields LL1 =0.3; P =5.186; T=520 R

To calculate L L2 at RVP of 6.7 and 81.8 F or P = 5.094; T = 541.8 R

Initial emission factors of 0.3 lb VOC per 1000 gallons throughput for balanced submerged

filling and 7.3 lb VOC per 1000 gallons throughput for submerged filling were used in all

Maryland counties. These factors were then adjusted with county

- specific monthly

average temperature and true vapor pressure values using the above technique.

Filling Method Base Emission Fac tor

Lb. VOC per 1,000 gallon

Balanced Submerged 0.3

Submerged 7.3

Diesel Fuel Unloading 0.014

Emissions from Andrews Airforce Base were subtracted from Prince Georges County emission

totals.

Controls for this source category are reflected in the emission factors.

Spatial

Spatial allocation source data was base on vehicle registration data that was provided

through the Maryland Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicl e Administration and

source data supplied to MDE’s Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations13

fuel powered vehicle totals were subtracted from the Maryland and county registration

numbers.

Temporal

Monthly temporal allocation activity data w as provided through the Maryland Comptroller

of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) provided annual gallons of

gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and non

- taxed gasoline purchased

by the U.S. Government. State and lo cal government sales are included in the taxable

sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was allocated to the county level

proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the county.

The equation for estimatin g emissions from tank truck unloading is:

E fj = (G i x F i (fm) x EF fm ) + (G i x F i (fm) x EF fm ) Where: 2000

E fj = Emissions of VOC in tons per day from tank truck unloading per county i

G i = Gallons of gasoline sold in county i during 2011

F i (fm) = Fraction of gasoline dispensed per county i per filling method (balanced

submerged or submerged) during 2011

EF fm = Emission factor per filling method for tank truck unloading adjusted by RVP and

temperature:
(0.3 lb. VOC/1000 gallon throughput or 7.3 lb. VOC/1000 gallon throughput)

Tank Truck Unloading Sample Calculation (Carroll County)

To calculate fuel usage for Carroll County:

Filling Method Carroll County

Adjusted Emission Factor

Lb. VOC per 1,000 gallon

Balanced Submerged 0.2486

Sub merged 6.0503

Diesel Fuel Unloading 0.014

Total fuel sold in Maryland in 2011 3

= 2,446,714,344 gallons

Allocate gallons of fuel sold to the county level by the 2011 county vehicle registration

proportion:

3 Annual sales of gasoline from Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) Emissions

Calculation14

Carroll County vehicle registration 4

= 160 ,603

= 0.0356 Total MD vehicle registration 4,512,010

G = 2,446,714,344 x 0.0356 = 87,089,715 gallons sold in Carroll County

EM = (G * Market % * EF adjusted / 1000) / 2000

EMbs = balanced submerged emissions

EMs = submerged emissions

EMbs = ( 8 7,089,715 * 91% * 0.2486 / 1000) / 2000 = 9.85 tons VOC per year EMs = ( 87,089,715 * 9% * 6.0503 / 1000) / 2000 = 23.71 tons VOC per year

4 State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Ad ministration and MDE Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices).15

3.1.1.2 Stage II Refueling

SCC: 25 01 060 100

Emissions from Stage II refueling are substantially less than those from Stage I because gasoline

vapors that ordinarily might have escaped during vehicle fueling are re

- circulated by a special

nozzle back into the pump. The start year for Stage II refueling in all Maryland ozone

nonattainment areas was 1993. Gasolin e stations were required to have Stage II nozzles installed

by November of that year. Calculations were based on the filling method used and gallons sold.

VOC

EPA recommends that the MOVES model be used to generate refue ling (Stage II) emission

factors for highway vehicle emission inventories (EPA, 2003). The model, designed to support

the evaluation of air pollution from gasoline

- and diesel

- fueled vehicles, generates emission

factors for tailpipe emissions and refueling activities.

Activity

The MOVES model produces estimates of refueling emissions in units of grams per mile.

These values are multiplied by fuel economy (in units of miles per gallon) and total

gasoline sales (in units of gallons purchased/sold) in the s tudy area resulting in refueling

emissions in terms of grams. It should be noted that MOBILE makes use of improved

predictive equations to calculate refueling emission factors, including sensitivity to

temperature and Reid vapor pressure (RVP), and these h ave not yet been incorporated into

published AP

- 42 factors for refueling. Additionally, the user may provide information on

local Stage II emission controls to develop an emission factor for controlled emissions.

Refueling emissions have two mechanisms of introducing emissions to the environment:

(1) vapor displacement from the vehicle fuel tank during refilling; and (2) gasoline spillage

during refueling. The MOBILE user may request either a single emission factor that

combines the two mechanisms or sepa rate emission factors for displacement and spillage.

Because both mechanisms should be taken into account when estimating refueling

emissions, the preferred approach is to request the combined emission factor.

Emission Factors

ARMA mobile sources staff ra n the MOVES 2 010b model to estimate the refueling

emissions using the grams per mile (g/mile) methodology described above. The emission

estimates were converted from grams to tons. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources16

No subtraction of emissions from point sources i s necessary.

Controls for this source category include Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems and Onboard

Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) systems. The controls are reflected in the emission

estimates produced by the ( MOVES2010b ) model

.

Spatial

The MOBILE6.2 model spatially allocates input files specify state county

- level gasoline

sales data to spatially allocate emission estimates.

Temporal

The MOBILE6.2 model allocates monthly activity data per state coun ty

- level and national

level estimates.

The equation for estimating emissions from tank truck unloading is:

E StII = (G i x EF StII x MPG x SAF) Where: 2000

E StII = emissions of VOC in tons per day from stage II refueling

G i = gallons of gasoline sold in county i during 2011

EF StII = emission factor for stage II refueling from the MOBILE6 model (grams/mile)

MPG = average fuel economy (miles/gallon)

SAF = seasonal adjustment factor to reflect summer weekday emissions

Stage II Refueling Sample Calculation

Since all calculations are included in the MOBILE6.2 model output, a sample calculation is not

available for this source category. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Sp atial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation17

3.1.1.3 Underground Tank Breathing

SCC: 25 01 060 201

Underground tank breat hing occurs when gasoline is drawn out of the tanks and into the pump

lines. During this process air moves into the tank evaporating gasoline and emitting vapors.

VOC and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions (al l VOC), is presented in EIIP 5 , Chapter 11, Gasoline

Marketing, which extracts the emission factors from AP

- 42 , Volume I, Table 5.2

- 7.

Activity

The Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices)

provided annual gallons of gaso line and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and

non

- taxed gasoline purchased by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales

are included in the taxable sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was

allocated to the county level proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the

county. Vehicle registration data was collected from the Maryland Department of

Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration that supplied the data to MDE’s Mobile

Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel fuel powered vehicle totals were

subtracted from the Maryland and county registration numbers.

Emission Factors

An emission factor of 1.0 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons throughput was used. The emission

factor was taken from EIIP , Ch apter 11, Gasoline Marketing, which extracts the emission

factors from AP

- 42 , Volume I, Table 5.2

- 7. Factors were adjusted with county

- specific

monthly average temperature and true vapor pressure values.

MDE used the same sources for gasoline sales and c ar registration as in tank truck

unloading (see Appendices).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

5 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description:

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources:

Point Source

Adjustments18

Controls for this source category are reflected in the emission factors.

Spatial

Spatial allocation source data was base on vehicle registration data that was provided

through the Maryland Department of Transportation, Mo tor Vehicle Administration and

source data supplied to MDE’s Mobile Sources Control P rogram (see Appendices). Diesel

fuel powered vehicle totals were subtracted from the Maryland and county registration

numbers.

Temporal

Monthly temporal allocation activity data was provided through the Maryland Comptroller

of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) provided annual gallons of

gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and non

- taxed gasoline purchased

by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales are included in the taxable

sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was allocated to the county level

proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the county.

The equation used to estimate emissions from underground tank breathing is:

E utb = (G i x EF utb ) Whe re:

2000

E utb = emissions of VOC in tons per day from underground tank breathing and

emptying

G i = gallons of gasoline sold in county i during 2011

EF utb = emission factor for underground tank breathing (1.0 lbs. VOC /1000 gallon

throughput)

Und erground Tank Breathing Sample Calculation (Carroll County)

To calculate fuel usage for Carroll County:

Total fuel sold in Maryland in 2011 6

= 2,668,913 kgallons

6 Annual sales of gasoline from Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial an d

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation19

Allocate gallons of fuel sold to the county level by the 2011 county vehicle registration

proportion:

Carroll County vehicle registration 7

= 160,603

= 0.0356 Total MD vehicle registration 4,512,010

Gcarr = 2,668,913 x 0.0356 = 95,013 kgallons sold in Carroll County in 2011.

EF utb = 0.8288 lbs. VOC /1000 gallon

E utb = (93,98 3 x 1000 x 0.8288 / 1000 )

2000

E utb = 39.37 tons VOC per year

7 State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Ad ministration and MDE Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices).20

3.1.1.4 Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit

SCC: 25 05 030 120

Breathing losses from tank trucks during the transport of gasoline are caused by leaking deliv ery trucks, pressure in the tanks, and thermal effects on the vapor and on the liquid. A worst case

situation arises if a poorly sealed tank has been loaded with gasoline and pure air becomes

saturated. During the vaporization process, pressure increases and venting occurs. Emiss i ons from this source category include the evaporation of petroleum vapor from:

 loaded tank trucks during transportation of gasoline from the bulk plant/terminal to the

service station or other dispensing outlet, and

 from empty t ank trucks returning from service s tations to bulk plant/terminals

VOC

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is presented in EIIP 8 , Chapter 11, Gasoline

Marketing (Stage I & Stage II), and dated September 199 7.

Activity

Emission Factors

EPA documents the emission factors in AP

- 42, Table 5.2

- 5 and EIIP states the emission

factors within the above

- referenced document in Table 11.3

- 1. The AP

- 42 emission

factors represent a typical range of values. EIIP aver ages the “typical range values” within

AP

- 42 and arrives at average emission factor values of 0.055 and 0.005 lbs

. VOC per 1000

- gallon gasoline, respectively for emissions from empty tank trucks and emissions from full

tank trucks.

Emission Source EIIP Ta ble 11

- 3.1

Lb/1000 gallon

“Average” AP

- 42 Table 5

- 2.5

Lb/1000 gallon

“Typical Range”

Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit

Empty Tank Trucks 0.055 0

- 0.11

Full Tank Trucks 0.005 0

- 0.01

MDE used the same sources for gasoline sales and car registrati on as in tank truck unloading

(see Appendices). MDE used the emission factors from EIIP, Volume I, and Table 5.2

- 5, of

0.06 pounds VOC per 1000 gallons throughput (combines 0.005 lb VOC /1000 gallon full tank

8 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources21

truck delivery and 0.055 lb VOC /1000 gallon e mpty tank return). MDE also used a bulk

facility throughput adjustment factor of 1.09 and calculated throughput by a ratio of county

retail sales and state retail sales times state fuel sales.

Emission Factors:

Full tank truck delivery 0.005 lbs. VOC pe r 1000 gallons

Empty tank truck return 0.055 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons

Combined (full & empty) 0.060 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons

Bulk Facility Throughput Adjustment Factor: 1.09

Equation:

E tt = (G i x 1.09 x EF tt ) Where:

2000

E tt = emissions of VOC in tons per day from tank trucks in transit

G i = thousand gallons of fuel sold in county i

EF tt = Combined (full & empty) tank trucks in transit emission factor

2011 Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit Sample Calculation (Carroll County)

To calcula te fuel usage for Carroll County:

Total on

- road and non

- road fuel sold in Carroll County = 98,329 k gallons

G = 98,329 k gallons sold in Carroll County

E tt = ( 98,329 x 1.09 x 0.06)

2000

E tt = 3.22 tons VOC per year emitted from tank trucks in trans it in Carroll County.22

3.1.1.5 Aviation Gasoline Distribution Stage 1 and Stage 2

SCC: 25 01 080 050

25 01 080 100

In Stage I aviation gasoline (also called “AvGas”) used in small reciprocating piston

- engines is

shipped to airports for us e in civil aviation. AvGas is first placed into bulk terminals, and then

into tanker trucks. These filling processes will cause the displacement of vapors into the

atmosphere during the transfer of gasoline from tank trucks to storage tanks, and vice vers a.

Stage II is the transfer of fuel from the tanker trucks into general aviation aircraft; during this

process vapors are also displaced into the atmosphere.

VOC, Pb (Lead), and HAPs

No subtraction of emissions from poi nt sources is necessary.

No adjustments for controls.

Spatial

County

- level AvGas fuel distributions reported through Energy Information

Administration

- EIA wa s spatial allocated for this so u r ces.

T emporal

Annual county

- level emissions from PAD

- level AvGas consumption from EIA,

Petroleum Supply Annual 2011 r e port s w ere te mporal ly allocated for this sourc es.

MDE staff used the metho do logy developed from the PECHAN /ERTAC Study , 2007, base on

termi n als using AvGas fuel activi t y assumptions data.

Activity
MDE used selected data from the Department of Energy’s State Energy Data System

obtain fuel consumption data. MDE used airport survey data and the Maryland Aviation Description

Pollutants

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Method and

Data Sources23

Adminis tration’s 2011 Operations Count for Public

- Use Airports to obtain operational

counts. A few airports, such as Andrews Air Force Base, provided their own operations

count (see Appendices).

Fuel Type Fuel Consumption

(1,000 Gallons )

Commercial Jet 123,90 0

Aviation Gasoline 1,806

Military Jet 1,239

Emission Factors

Emission factors for AvGas distribution from came from the (TRC Environmental Corporation’s
Estimation of Alkylated Lead Emissions, Final Report

, which was prepared for the U.S

Environmenta l Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. RTP,

NC 1993.

The emissions factors are separated by emissions source such as

EFtf = Aviation Gasoline from Tank Fill

EFst = Aviation Gasoline from Storage Tank

EFc = Aviation Gasol ine from Composite

EFbl = Aviation Gasoline from Breathing Losses

Factors Not Used:

EFv = Aviation Gasoline from Valves (There are NO AvGas Facilities/Tank Farms in MD)

EFp = Aviation Gasoline from Pumps (There are NO AvGas Facilities/Tank Farms in MD)

EF Type VOC Emission Factors Units

Tank Fill 0.009021383 LB/GALLON AvGas
Storage Tank 0.003605215 LB/GALLON AvGas
Composite 0.010306575 LB/GALLON AvGas
Breathing Losses 0.001694117 LB/GALLON AvGas

Valves Not Used 0.573201882 LB/VALVE*DAY

P umps Not Used 5.952481079 LB/SEAL*DAY

EFsum (Sum of Factors Used) 0.024627290 LB/GALLON AvGas
Tanker to Truck Transfer Stage II 0.0136 LB/GALLON AvGas24

Emission Estimate Equation: County Level

EM = EFsum x Fraction of LTOs x Amount of

Aviation Ga soline

EM i = EFsum x (CA i 

## / SA i ) x F i

W here:

F i = County aircraft fuel use

CA i = County aircraft activity (LTO)

SA i = State aircraft activity (LTO)

EFsum i = Sum of Factors Used

EM i = specific county (i) emissions from aircraft refuelin g in tons VOC per year

2011 Sample Calculation for Stage I AvGas Distribution (Allegany County)

F_ Allegany = 1,806,000 gallons

Fraction of LTOs =

EFsum _Allegany Stage I = 0.0246272899 lb /gal AvGas

EM _Allegany = ( 0.0246272899 x 0.0176 x 1,806,000 )/2000 = 0.39 tons VOC /year

2011 Sample Calculation for Stage II AvGas Distribution (Allegany County)

F_ Allegany = 1,806,000 gallons

Fraction of LTOs =

EFsum _Allegany Stage II = 0.0136 lb/gal AvGas

EM _Allegany = ( 0.0136 x 0.0176 x 1,806,000 )/2000 = 0.22 tons VOC /year CA_ Allegany

= 15,561

= 0.0176 SA 882,301

CA_ Allegany

= 15,561

= 0.0176 SA 882,30125

3.1.1.6 Petroleum Vessel Unloading Losses

SCC:

Petroleum liquids are transported via ships and barges, and on

- land transportation. The

procedures discussed below relate to marine transport of petroleum liquids. This category does

not include emissions from fuel consumed by vessels while in transit or in port. Evaporative

VOC emissions from ocean going ships and barges carrying petroleum liquids result from

loading losses, ballasting losses and transit losses. Petr oleum liquids are classified into groups

which are represented by crude oil, gasoline, jet nap h tha, distillate oil/kerosene, or residual oil.

Loading and ballasting losses do not occur with pipeline transport of petroleum products ( AP

- 42

, Section 5.2).

Lo ading losses occur as organic vapors in “empty” cargo tanks are displaced to the atmosphere

by the liquid being loaded into the tanks. These vapors are a composite of vapors formed in three

ways:

 Vapors which are formed in the “empty” tank by evaporation of residual product from

previous loads;

 Vapors transferred to the tank from a vapor balance system that was used when the

previous load was being unloaded; and

 Vapors generated in the tank as the new product is being loaded.

Loading losses are usually th e largest source of evaporative emissions from petroleum vessels

(EPA, 1996).

Ballasting losses are associated with the unloading of petroleum liquids at marine terminals and

refinery loading docks. It is common practice to load several cargo tank compart ments with sea

water after the cargo has been unloaded. This water, called “ballast,” improves the stability of the

empty tanker during the subsequent voyage. Ballasting emissions occur as vapor

- laden air in the

empty cargo tank is displaced to the atmosph ere by ballast water being pumped into the tank.

Transit losses are similar to breathing losses associated with petroleum storage. Transit loss is

the expulsion of vapor from a vessel compartment through vapor contraction and expansion,

which are the resu lt of changes in temperature and barometric pressure. This loss may be

accompanied by slight changes in the level of the liquid in the tank due to liquid expansion or

contraction due to the temperature change. Some ships are equipped with controls for thes e

losses. 2505020030 crude oil

2505020090 distillate oil

2505020120 Gasoline

2505020150 jet naphtha

2505020060 residual oil

2505020180 kerosene

Description26

VOC

Activity

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC) is presented in EIIP 9 , Chapter 12,

Marine Vessel Loading, Ballasting and Transit, dated May 1998.

A significant part of the emissions from this s ource are from the Eastern Shore of

Maryland because petroleum products are delivered to this area by barge rather than by

pipeline as in the rest of the state. To compile emissions MDE used guidance in EIIP

, Chapter 12, Marine Vessel Loading, Ballasting a nd Transit and emissions factors from

EIIP Table 12.4

- 5, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Waterways and Harbors

Atlantic Coast, Part 1, 2010 data , and AP

- 42, Table 7.1

- 2 liquid densities. Waterborne

Commerce supplied tonnage and type of petroleum products delivered to the various ports

in Maryland for the year 2010 (see Appendices). Tonnages of petroleum deli vered were

converted into Kgal.s (1000 gallons) and then used to calculate emissions.

Factors

UNCONTROLLED VOC EMISSION FACTORS FOR PETROL EUM CARRYING

MARINE VESSELS (EPA, 1996)

Petroleum

Liquid Ship/Ocean

Vessel Loading

(Lbs. VOC per 1,000 gallons

Transferred) Barge Loading

(Lbs. VOC per 1,000 gallons

Transferred) Ballasting

(Lbs. VOC per 1,000 gallons

Transferred) Transit

(Lbs

. VOC per 1,000 gallons

Transferred)

Crude Oil 0.61 1 1.1 1.3

Gasoline 1.8 3.4 0.8 2.7

Jet Naphtha /

Other 0.5 1.2 NA 0.7

Distillate Oil /

Kerosene 0.005 0.012 NA 0.005

Residual Oil 4 x 10 - 5 9 x 10

– 5 NA 3 x 10 - 5

9 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources27

Data obtained from sources such a s the Waterborne Commerce of the United States are typically

provided in terms other than 1,000 gallons (Mgal) as is required in EIIP Equation 12.4

- 1 and

must be converted. Equation 12.4

- 3 can be used to convert units from 1,000 ton (Mtons) to Mgal.

W here:

PP V = (PP M / d) x ( 2,000 lb/ton) x (Mgal/1,000 gallons) x ( 1,000 tons/Mtons)

PP V = Amount of petroleum liquid (Mgal)

PP M = Amount of petroleum liquid (Mtons)

d = Density of petroleum liquid; see Table 7.1

- 2 in AP

- 42 (lb/gallon)

Density 10

(lb/gal)

Distillate Oil 7.10

Residual Oil 7.90

Gasoline 5.60

Kerosene 7.00

Crude Oil 7.10

Jet Naphtha 6.40

If controls exist, then control efficiency can be calculated:

PP C = PP U x (1

- CE/100)

W here:

PP C = Controlled emissions (tons)

PP U = Uncontr olled emissions (tons)

CE = Control efficiency (%)

Equation:

PV P = [(SOEF P x PP S,P ) + (BREF P x PP B,P ) + (BLEF P,U x 0.20 x PP BL,P ) + (TREF P x

PP T,P )]

2000

Where:

PV P : Total VOC emissions from petroleum vessel loading, ballasting, and transit

for e ach of the petroleum liquids (p) transported: crude oil, gasoline, kerosene,

distillate oil, and residual oil (tons)

SOEF P : Ship/ocean vessel loading emission factor (pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons

transferred)

10 AP

- 42, Table 7.1

- 228

PP S,P : Amount of petroleum liquid (p) loaded into ships and ocean vessels in the

inventory region (1,000 gallons)

BREF P : Barge vessel loading emission factor (pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons

transferred)

PP B,P : Amount of petroleum liquid (p) loaded into barges in the inventory region

(1,000 gallons)

BL EF P,U : Ballasting emission factor (pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons water ballasted)

PP BL,P : Amount of petroleum liquid (p) unloaded from vessels that are ballasted

(1,000 gallons)

TREF P : Vessel transit emission factor (pounds VOC per week per 1,000 gallons

transferred)

PP T,P : Amount of petroleum liquid (p) transported by marine vessels in the inventory

region (1,000 gallons)

2011 Petroleum Vessel Unloading Losses Sample Calculation (Gasoline

– Baltimore City

Gallons (in Thousands) of Petroleum Shipped in Baltimore Harbor

Crude Oil Distillate

Oil Gasoline Jet

Naphtha Residual

Oil Kerosene

Baltimore

City 5,634 10,986 329,286 625 405,316 241,143

Tonnage of distillate oil shipped in Baltimore Harbor (from Waterborne Commerce of the U.S.,

2010) were conv erted in thousands of gallons (Kgal.s) and then used to calculate emissions.

Vessel Loading Emissions

For vessel loading operations, 90 percent of the total throughput was loaded at terminals with a

control system of 95 percent efficiency. According to t he local port authorities, transit time in the

inventory area is two days (2/7 of a week). Emissions for each emission point are calculated

using Equation 12.4

- 1 and the emission factors from Table 12.4

- 5. In this example, emissions for

each emission point are calculated separately and then totaled. Note that CE is applied to vessel

loading emissions, and transit emissions are apportioned to two days per week by multiplying

emissions by 2/7.

Baltimore City:

Vessel Loading gas = 0.00 Kgal

Barge Loading gas = 0.00 Kgal

Ballasting gas = 0.00 Kgal

Transit gas = 329,286 Kgal

Baltimore gas Total = (0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 329,286) = 329,286 Kgal29

Vessel Loading (gasoline) emissions are calculated:

PV GAS = [(1.8 lbs VOC /Kgal) x (0.00 Kgal/yr) x {0.10 + [0.9 ( 1

– 95/100)]}÷ 2,000 lb/ton

PV GAS = 0.00 tons/year

Barge Loading emissions are calculated:

PV GAS = [(3.4 lbs VOC /Kgal) x ( 0.00 Kgal/yr)] ÷ 2,000 lb/ton

PV GAS = 0.00 tons/year

Ballasting emissions are calculated:

PV GAS = [(0.8 lbs VOC /Kgal) x (0.00 Kgal/y r) x ( 0.20)] ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton

PV GAS = 0.00 tons/year

Note that the calculation for ballasting emissions in the equation includes a correction term of

0.20. This correction term reflects the practice of loading a ship or barge at some fraction of

capacity when ballasting

.

Transit emissions are calculated:

According to the Maryland Port Authorities transit time is 6 hours out of 24 or 25% during a

week (7 days).

PV GAS = (2.7 lbs VOC /Kgal) x (329,286 Kgal/yr) x (0.25/7wk) ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton

PV GAS = 15.88 vo c tons/year

Total VOC emissions are calculated as follows:

Total VOC = 0.00 tons/year + 0.00 tons/year + 0.00 tons/year + 15.88 tons/year

Total VOC = 15.88 tons/yr30

3.1.1.7 Portable Fuel Containers

SCC: 25 01 011 011 (Residential

– Permeation)

25 01 011 012 (Residential

– Diurnal)

25 01 011 013 (Residential

– Transport)

25 01 011 014 (Residential

– Refiling At The Pump

- Vapor Displacement)

25 01 011 015 (Residential

– Refiling At The Pump

- Spillage)

25 01 012 011 (Commercial

– Permeation)

25 01 012 012 (Commercial

– Diurnal)

25 01 012 013 (Commercial

– Transport)

25 01 012 014 (Commercial

– Refiling At The Pump

- Vapor Displacement)

25 01 012 015 (Commercial

– Refiling At The Pump

- Spillage)

Portable fuel containers (PFCs) store and transport fuel from gasoline service stations to

residential homes and businesses. Emissions from PFC use include:

 Permeation Emissions , which are produced after fuel has been stored long enough in a

can for f uel molecules to infiltrate and saturate the can material.

 Diurnal Emissions , which result when stored fuel vapors escape to the outside of a gas

can through any possible openings while the gas can is subjected to daily cycle of

increasing and decreasing a mbient temperatures. Diurnal emissions are dependent on the

closed

- or open

- storage condition of a gas can.

 Transport Emissions arise when fuel escapes (e.g., spills, etc.) from gas cans that are in

transit.

 Equipment Refueling Emissions results when fuel escapes (e.g., spillage, vapor

displacement) during the refueling of nonroad equipment; however these emissions are

handled by EPA’s NONROAD model. Activity data from the NONROAD model were

used to estimate these emissions (described below).

Both reside ntial and commercial PFCs are included. The SCCs for PFCs are also new and are

shown above.

VOC

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is adop t ed from a CARB 11 survey and

methodology adopted by OTC 12

.

11 ARB’s Mailout MSC 99

- 25, “Public Meeting to Consider Approval of CA’s Portable Ga soline

- Container

Emissions Inventory, “ (ARB, 199b)

12 Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules, E.H. PECHAN

& Associates, Inc. 5528

- B Hempstead Way, Springfield, VA 22151, March 31, 2001. Descriptio n

Pollutants

Method Data

Sources and31

Portabl e fuel container emissions are calculated by accounting for emissions from five different

components related to gas container use: permeation, diurnal, transport

- spillage, refueling

spillage and refueling vapor displacement emissions. The permeation, diur nal emissions

(associated with storage) and transport

- spillage (associated with filling the can) emissions are

included in the area source inventory. The equipment refueling spillage and refueling vapor

displacement emissions are calculated from the non

- r oad model and are included in the non

- road

inventory

Activity

The following input data is required to calculate emissions for this source category.

1. Rather than assuming that the numbers of PFCs per household and per business were

consistent across the en tire State, MDE used EPA’s non

- road emissions model

(NONROAD2005) to estimate nonroad consumption of gasoline by county by source

category classification (SCC) code. Each SCC code has a unique usage (commercial

versus residential), a unique ratio of the pe rcent of fuel dispensed from PFCs * The

previous draft version of this report (EPA420

- D

- 06

- 003) was based on estimates from the

draft NONROAD2004 model.(versus from fuel pumps), and a unique spillage rate

(grams per gallon).

2. Number of commercial businesse s 13 2002 expected to have at least one gas can by county,

NAICS 11, 23, 31, 32, 33, 411, 447, 45299, 484, 488, 493, 53131, 5321, 532291, 5323,

5324, 54132, 54162, 54169, 56173, 71391, 71393, 7212, 811, and 81293.

3. MDE was able to estimate by county by sourc e category classification (SCC) code the

total quantity of gasoline supplied from PFCs as well as the total spillage (from using the

PFCs to refuel the individual pieces of equipment) for residential usage and for

commercial usage. For example, running the NONROAD2005 model for calendar year

2011 produced the following estimates (obtained by summing the individual state

- by

state estimates).

Emission Factors

Separate emission factors were developed for permeation, diurnal, transport and spillage

emissions f

or PFC (both for commercial and residential PFCs). These emission factors

were derived from CARB’s survey data (CARB, 1999).

Because the application of architectural surface coating is defined as an area source, there is no

need t o subtract point source emissions from the total, and all emissions estimated for this source

are area source emissions.

13 Total 2011 employmen t and business establishments by 6 digit NAICS code and by county, County Business

Patterns Point Source

Adjustments32

Maryland’s COMAR 26.11.13.07 rule regulates control adjustments of VOC emissions from

portable fuel container s (PFC’s) that requires performance standards for PFCs and/or spouts that

will reduce emissions do to storage, transport, and refueling activities. (2011 control efficiency

of 65% and a control factor of 35.75%). COMAR web link:

http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/title_search/Title_List.aspx

Spatial

For the residential PFC SCCs, emissions were allocated to the local area level based on a

housing s urrogate. Commercial PFC emissions were allocated to the local area level based

on commercial and industrial business location.

Temporal

For the residential PFC SCCs, the emissions were allocated based on the monthly and

weekday/weekend day temporal pr ofiles for residential lawn and garden equipment in the

NONROAD model. For the commercial PFC SCCs, these emissions were allocated based

on temporal profiles for the NONROAD model engines used in commercial applications.

The equatio n used to estimate emissions from portable fuel containers is:

Equation:

The residential

- gas

- can population is calculated as follows:

Pop R = (N)*(A)*(Count R ) (Eq. 1)

where: Pop R = Statewide Residential

- Gas

- Can Population

N = Number of Occup ied

- Housing Units in OTC State

A = Percentage of Households with Gas Cans (46%)

Count R = Average Number of Residential

- Gas Cans per Household

Statewide residential

- gas

- can

- permeation emissions are computed as follows:

HC PR =  (Pop R )*(S)*(EF P ) *(B R )*(Size R )*(Level)/CF (Eq. 2)

where: HC PR = Permeation Emissions in tons per day (tpd)

Pop R = Statewide Residential

- Gas

- Can Population Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation33 EF P = Appropriate Permeation

- Emission Factor (g/gal

- day)

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70%)

B R = Percentage of Cans Stored in Closed Condition with respect to

Material (Plastic 53%; Metal 13%)

Size R = Weighted Average Capacity of Residential

- Gas Cans (2.34 gal.)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49%)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

Diurnal emissions from both open

- and closed

- system

- residential

- gas cans are calculated as

follows:

HC DR = (Pop R )*(S)*(EF D )*(B R )*(Size R )*(Level) (Eq. 3)

W here: HC DR = Diurnal Emissions (tpd) for Residential

- Gas Cans with respect to

Storage Condition (Open or Closed) and Material (Plastic or

Metal)

Pop R = Statewide Residential

- Gas

- Can Population

S = Percentage of Gas

- Can Population Stored with Fuel (70%)

EF D = Appropriate Diurnal

- Emission Factor with respect to Storage

Condition and Material (g/ga l

- day or g/day)

B R = Percentage of Gas

- Can Population with respect to Storage

Condition and Material

Size R = Weighted Average Capacity of Residential

- Gas Cans (2.34 gal.)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49%)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

Residential

- transport

- spillage emissions are determined as:

HC TR = (Pop R )*(S)*(Refill R )*(EF T )*(B R ) (Eq. 4)

W here: HC TR = Residential

- Gas

- Can

- Transport

- Spillage Emissions (tpd)

Pop R = Statewide Residential

- Gas

- Can Population

S = Percentage of Gas C ans Stored with Fuel (70%)

Refill R = Average Number of Residential

- Gas

- Cans

- Pump

- Refills per Day

per Can (refill/day from survey)

EF T = Transport

- Emission Factor with respect to Storage Condition

(g/refill)

B R = Percentage of Gas Cans with respect to S torage Condition and

Material

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The commercial

- gas

- can population is calculated as follows:

Pop C = (N C )*( Count C ) (Eq. 5)34

W here: Pop C = Statewide Commercial

- Gas

- Can Population

N C = Number of Occupied Businesses in S tate

Count C = Average Number of Gas Cans per Business

Statewide commercial

- gas

- can

- permeation emissions are computed as follows:

HC PC =  (Pop C )*(S)*(EF P )*(B C )*(Size C )*(Level) (Eq. 6)

W here: HC PC = Permeation Emissions (tpd)

Pop C = Statew ide Commercial

- Gas

- Can Population

EF P = Appropriate Permeation

- Emission Factor (g/gal

- day)

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% for Residential

Survey)

B C = Percentage of Applicable Gas Cans Stored in Closed Condition

Size C = Weighted Aver age Capacity of Commercial

- Gas Cans (3.43 gal)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49% from Residential

Survey)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The amount of diurnal emissions from both open

- and closed

- system commercial

- gas cans is

calculated as follows:

HC DC = (Pop C )*(S)*(EF D )*(B C )*(Size C )*(Level) (Eq. 7)

W here: HC DC = Diurnal Emissions (tpd) for Commercial

- Gas Cans with respect to

Storage Condition (Open or Closed) and Material (Plastic or

Metal)

Pop C = Statewide Commercial

- Gas

- Can P opulation

EF D = Appropriate Diurnal

- Emission Factor with respect to Storage

Condition and Material (g/gal

- day or g/day)

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% from Residential

Survey)

B C = Percentage of Gas Cans with respect to Storage Condit ion and

Material

Size C = Weighted Average Capacity of Commercial

- Gas Cans (3.43 gal.)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49% from Residential

Survey)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The non

- lawn

- and

- garden

- equipment commercial

- gas

- can refills a t the pump is derived as

follows:

(Eq. 8)35

W here: Refill C = Average Number of Non

- Lawn

- and

- Garden Equipment

Commercial

- Gas

- Cans Pump Refills per Day per Can (refill/day)

Fuel = Non

- Lawn

- and

- Garden Equipment Fuel Consumption (g al/day) for

2000

Size C = Weighted Average Capacity of Commercial

- Gas Cans (3.43

gal/can

- refill)

POP NON = Statewide Commercial

- Gas

- Can Population with respect to Non

Lawn

- and

- Garden Businesses

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% from Reside ntial

Survey)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The commercial

- transport

- spillage emissions are determined as:

HC TC = (Pop C )*(S)*(B C )*(Refill C )*(EF TC ) (Eq. 9)

W here: HC TC = Commercial

- Gas

- Can

- Transport

- Spillage Emissions (tpd)

Pop C = Statewide C ommercial

- Gas

- Can Population

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% from Residential

Survey)

B C = Percentage of Gas Cans with respect to Storage Condition and

Material

Refill C = Average Number of Gas

- Cans Pump Refills per

Day per Can

E F TC = Transport

- Spillage Emission Factor (g/refill) with respect to

Storage Condition

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The total area source portable fuel container emissions are summed as follows:

E PFC

- A = HC PR +HC DR +HC TR +HCPC+HC DC +HC TC

E PFC

- SD = E PFC

- A *SAF / /ADDF

Where:

E PFC

- A = (tons/yr) for an annual emission of pollutant by county

E PFC

- SD = (tons/day) for a typical summer day emission of pollutant

AADF = Annual activity day factor (WAF * 52 weeks/year)

SAF = Seasonal adjustment factor36

3.1.2 STATIONARY SOURCE SOLVENT APPLICATION

3.1.2.1 Dry Cleaners

SCC: 24 20 000 000

Dry

- Cleaning facilities utilize solvents in their cleaning process which causes the emission of

VOCs into the air.

VOC

Emissions f

rom the dry

- cleaning process were estimated by taking county employment and

adjusted employment numbers from dry

- cleaning and multiplying them by a given per capita

emission factor for VOCs.

Activity

The County Business Patterns reports employment data for the counties of Maryland.

Employment data is listed by the North American Industrial Classification Standard (NAICS)

code(s) (81231, 81232, and 81233) that are used to determine county

- level employment.

Employment data collected was allocated to each county using County Business Patterns

employment data for 2010 for the counties of Maryland. County Business Patterns internet

addresses ( http://censtats.census.gov/cgi

- bin/cbpnaic/cbpse l.pl ). Midpoint adjustments were

determined for counties which had employment given a letter range.

Emission Factor

Emission factors for dry cleaning came from 2008 Emission Inventory Data &

Documentation ( http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) Nonpoint section

for Dry Cleaning: in Table 2

, created by EPA and ERTAC committee through a joint

study.

VOC = 10 lbs per person.

None

None Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Source

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Co ntrols37

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Emissions are calculated for each county usin g emission factors and activity as:

E x,y = EMP

x × EF y

where:

E

x,y = annual emissions for county x and pollutant y

EMP

x = employment data associated with county x

EF y = emission factor for pollutant y

2011 Sample Calculation Dry

- Cleaning Emissions (A nne Arundel County)

E Allegany = EMP Allegany × EFvoc

E Allegany = 440 person × 10 lbs voc/person

E Allegany = 4,400 lbs. voc

E Allegany = 2.2 tons voc per year Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation38

3.1.2.2 Industrial and Institutional Cleaning

SCC: 24 15 300 000

I ndustrial and Institutional Cleaning (Cold Cleaning Degreasing) is seen primarily at auto repair

stations or manufacturing facilities, where solvents at room temperature (or slightly warmed) are

used to clean parts via immersion or rinsing.

Industrial and Institutional Cleaning are usually individually small emission sources and because

they are widely scattered and frequently used, they are most easily treated as area sources. If they

are collocated at a major source, they may be included in the point sou rce inventory and those

emissions will need to be subtracted from the area source estimate.

There are two basic types of cleaning machines: batch and in

- line cleaning machines (also called

continuous cleaning machines). Both of these equipment types are designed to use solvent to

clean parts. The solvent is either used to clean in its non

- vapor liquid form (at a temperature

below the boiling point, referred to as cold cleaning), or heated to a temperature above its boiling

point (referred to as vapor clea ning). Other solvent cleaning operations involve the use of solvent

in wipe

- cleaning and equipment cleanup. Emissions from solvent cleaning machines can also be

considered to be point sources; therefore, the estimation process for the source category must

take this into account to prevent double counting of emissions. Additionally, emissions from

solvent cleanup may be included as a part of an industry

- or process

- specific emission estimate.

VOC and HAP (Trichloroethylene

– 79016)

MDE staff used the metho do logy developed from the PECHAN /ERTAC Study, 2007, base on

emplace m ent activity data and method documented in EIIP 14 , Chapter 6, Solvent Cleaning, dated

September 1997 to emission estimation for this source category

.

Act ivity

The County Business Patterns reports employment data for the counties of Maryland.

Employment data is listed by the North American Industrial Classification Standard

(NAICS) code(s) that are used to determine county

- level employment. Employment data

collected was allocated to each county using County Business Patterns employment data

for 2010 for the counties of Maryland. County Business Patterns internet addresses

( http://censtats. census.gov/cgi

- bin/cbpnaic/cbpsel.pl ).

14 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Da ta Source39

An activity level of 6 days a week with no seasonal adjustment factor was used as

recommended in the EIIP document. Solvent storage and recycling centers such as Safety

Kleen are included in the point source invent ory. The 2010 County Business Patterns

employment data for Maryland by county is listed in the appendices. A 2002 reduction

factor (Phase II Attainment Plan for the Baltimore Nonattainment Area and Cecil County)

of 53.60% was applied to the calculated emi ssions. This factor combines reductions from

technology rules and good housekeeping practices and the application of rule effectiveness

as shown below:

Reduction factor = (control efficiency) x (rule effectiveness) x (rule penetration)

Reduction factor = 0.67 x 0.80 x 1.00

Reduction factor = 0.5360

Emission Factor

Table 6.5

- 2 of the EIIP document lists a total emission factor of 87 lbs. VOC per employee

per year for solvent cleaning operations. The emission factor for the HAPs

Trichloroethylene

– 7901 6 was developed from the PECHAN /ERTAC Study, 2007. The

study included a HAP Trichloroethylene emission factor base on a percent weight factor of

total solvent VOC which is 0.00686. This percent weight factor of total solvent VOC was

multiply by the total emission factor of 87 lbs. VOC per employee per year and divided by

100 that resulted in Trichloroethylene emission factor of 0.59685 lbs. Trichloroethylene /yr/employee.

Factors

E

cc = 87 lbs VOC per employee per year for cold cleaning degreasers

CE

cc = 67%

RE

cc = 80%

RP

cc = 100%

Note:

Emissions from this source category have increased because of a change in the emission factor

and emission estimation methodology. In previous emission inventories, only cold cleaning

degreasing operations were con sidered an area source and open top and conveyor degreasing

operations were considered point sources that were listed in the MDE/ARMA registration files.

No point source emissions were then subtracted from the area source inventory. MDE

previously used a n emission factor from AP

- 42 , Section 4.6

– Solvent Degreasing, Table 4.6

- 1 15

. This table reports a 4.0 lbs. VOC per capita emission factor that includes 25 percent non

- reactive

VOCs, yielding an effective emission factor of 3.0 lbs. VOC per capita. A 199 6 reduction factor

of 0.70 was applied to the calculated emissions (rule effectiveness was not applied). This factor

15 Non

- methane VOC Emissions from small cold cleaning degreasing operations40

combines reductions from technology rules and good housekeeping practices. In effect, MDE

increased the emission factor from 3.0 to 4.3.

Solvent cleaning emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted from the

area source inventory to avoid double counting.

Maryland has adopted a cold and vapor degreasing regulation ( COMAR 26.11.19.09). The

regulation mandates that all cold degreasing material must have a vapor pressure less than or

equal to 1 mm Hg at 20 degrees centigrade after May 15, 1996. The regulation also requires that

good operating practices be implemented to minimize VOC losses. MDE estimates a 67 percent

control efficiency for this control.

Spatial

CBP employment data was spatial allocation for this source.

Temporal

Annual employ ment data through CBP for temporal was al locate for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from cold cleaning/degreasing is:

Equation:

Where:

E

cc = Emissions of VOC in tons/day from cold cleaners

EMPL j = 2010 employment of coun ty j

EF

cc = VOC emissions factor for cold cleaning degreasing

CE

cc = Control efficiency for cold cleaning degreasing

RE

cc = Rule Effectiveness for cold cleaning degreasing

RP

cc = Rule Penetration for cold cleaning degreasing

E PtSourceCC = Point Source Emissions from cold cleaning degreasing Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation41

2011 Sample Calculation for Cold Cleaning Degreasing Products Industrial and Institutional

(Baltimore County)

(22,809 16 employee x 87 lbs. VOC /employee/year)/(tons/2000 lbs.) = 992 tons VOC /year e mitted.

Converting to tons per day: 992 / (312 operating days per year 17 ) = 3.18 tons VOC per day emitted

(there is no seasonal adjustment 18 ).

To adjust for controls

992 tons VOC /year x [1

– (0.67 x 0.80 x 1.00)] = 460.38 tons VOC / year emitted with 2002

controls applied

16 County Business Patterns 2010 employment data for Maryland by Counties (see appendices)

17 6 days per week operation from EIIP

18 No seasonal adjustment from EIIP42

3.3.2.3 Surface Coating

Surface coating includes paints, enamels, varnishes, lacquers and other product finishes. Some

of those coatings contain a solvent

- based liquid carrier; others use a water

- based li quid carrier

but still contain a small portion of solvents. Solvents are also used to clean up painting

equipment. The primary types of surface coating applications are architectural coatings,

automobile refinishing and traffic paints.

3.1.2.3 Architectural S urface Coating

SCC: 24 01 002 000 (Solvent

- based)

SCC: 24 01 003 000 (Water

- based)

Architectural surface coating is an area source that occurs from homeowners and contractors

painting homes, buildings and signs.

VOC

MDE staff used an alternative per capita emission estimation method documented in EIIP 19

, Chapter 3, Architectural Surface Coating, dated November 1995. The document provides an

outline for developing a per capita usage factor, and for using that usage factor and an emission

factor to calculated a VOC emission estimate.

Activity

Determine the per capita usage factor by dividing the national total architectural surface

coating quantities 20 for solvent

- and water

- based coatings b y the U.S. population 21 for that

year.

Per Capita Usage Factor Development

The table below shows a portion of Table 2 from the U.S. Bureau of Census MA325F(10)

- 1

- Paint and Allied Products 2010. This section of the table summarizes the market

information available on architectural coatings for the year of 2010. In the table, types of

paints are identified as being either solvent

- or water

- based paints, except for the two

types listed as Architectural Lacquers and Architectural Coatings N.S.K. These latter

types of paints can be assumed to be entirely solvent

- based coatings. The calculation to

19 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

20 Total national coating usage is compiled by the Bureau of the Census, Report MA325F

— Paint and Alli ed

Products, available on the Census Bureau Bulletin Board, (301)457

- 2310.

21 Population data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates Branch (see Appendices). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources43

obtain the number of gallons of solvent based paints totals the gallons for Exterior Solvent

Type, Interior Solvent Type, Architectural Lacquers and Architectural Coa tings N.S.K:

Solvent

- Based Paints = 113,964 thousand gallons of paints

The calculation to obtain the number of gallons of water based paints totals the gallons for

Exterior Water Type and Interior Water Type:

Water

- Based Paints = 510,560 thousand gallon s of paints

The per capita usage factor is calculated by dividing the total usage of solvent based paints by

the U.S. population, and the total usage of water based paint by the U.S. population.

Per Capita Solvent Based Usage Factor = Gallons of Solvent Based Paints

U. S. Population

= 113,964,000

311,591,917

= 0.3657

Per Capita Water Based Usage Factor = Gallons of Water Based Paints

U. S. Population

= 510,560,000

311,591,917

= 1.6386

Table 2. Quantity and Value of Shipments of Paint and Allied Products: 2010 and 2009

Product

code Product description Year Quantity

3255101 Architectural coatings 2010 643,900

2009 634,874

3255101111 Exterior, solvent thinned paints and tinted bases, including barn 2010 33,847

and roof paints 2009 33,571

3255101115 Exterior, solvent thinned enamels and tinted bases, including 2010 17,367

exterior

- interior floor enamels 2009 14,755

3255101119 Exterior, solvent thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 6,816

2009 6 ,44844 3255101121 Exterior, solvent thinned clear finishes and sealers 2010 4,028

2009 4,054

3255101125 Exterior solvent thinned stains, including shingle and shake 2010 13,618

2009 12,096

3255101129 Exterior, other solvent thinned co atings, including 2010 1,578

bituminous paints 2009 1,671

3255101131 Exterior, water thinned paints and tinted bases, including barn 2010 92,625

and roof paints 2009 93,665

3255101135 Exterior, water thinned exterior

- interior deck and floo r enamels 2010 10,583

2009 10,727

3255101139 Exterior, water thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 10,587

2009 10,725

3255101141 Exterior, water thinned stains and sealers 2010 21,501

2009 20,678

3255101145 Exterior, other exteri or water thinned coatings 2010 9,035

2009 8,980

3255101211 Interior, flat solvent thinned wall paint and tinting bases, including 2010 1,155

mill white paints 2009 1,288

3255101215 Interior, gloss and quick drying enamels and other gloss s olvent 2010 3,983

thinned paints and enamels 2009 3,389

3255101219 Interior, semigloss, eggshell, satin solvent thinned paints and 2010 9,870

tinting bases 2009 9,691

3255101221 Interior, solvent thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 21,70 2

2009 (D)

3255101225 Interior, solvent thinned clear finishes and sealers 2010 (S)

2009 (S)45 3255101229 Interior, solvent thinned stains 2010 1,309

2009 1,216

3255101231 Interior, other solvent thinned coatings 2010 (D)

2009 ( D)

3255101235 Interior, flat water thinned paints and tinting bases 2010 144,394

2009 142,894

3255101239 Interior, semigloss, eggshell, satin, and other water thinned paints 2010 183,428

and tinting bases 2009 176,562

3255101241 Inte rior, water thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 38,407

2009 42,781

3255101245 Interior, other interior water thinned coatings, stains, and sealers 2010 5,119

2009 5,250

3255101249 Architectural lacquers 2010 4,086

2009 4,126

32 55104 Product finishes for original equipment manufacturers (OEM), 2010 329,931

excluding marine coatings 2009 285,070

3255104111 Automobile, light truck, van, and sport utility vehicle finishes 2010 43,172

2009 31,580

3255104121 Automobil e parts finishes 2010 2,792

2009 1,929

3255104131 Heavy duty truck, bus, and recreational vehicle finishes 2010 5,757

2009 5,352

3255104141 Other transportation equipment finishes, including aircraft 2010 5,369

and railroad 2009 4,187

3255104211 Appliance, heating equipment, and air

- conditioner finishes 2010 3,990

2009 4,266

3255104215 Wood furniture, cabinet, and fixture finishes 2010 34,57846 2009 32,500

3255104219 Wood and composition board flat stock finishes 20 10 7,135

2009 6,274

3255104221 Metal building product finishes (including coatings for 2010 36,455

aluminum extrusions and siding) 2009 35,303

3255104225 Container and closure finishes 2010 40,164

2009 35,647

3255104229 Machinery and equipment finishes, including road building 2010 10,151

equipment and farm implement 2009 9,462

3255104231 Non

- wood furniture and fixture finishes, including business 2010 22,155

equipment finishes 2009 20,710

3255104235 Paper, paper bo ard, film, and foil finishes, excluding pigment 2010 (S)

binders 2009 10,854

3255104239 Electrical insulating coatings 2010 1,015

2009 866

3255104241 Thermoset general decorative, appliance powder coatings 1/ 2010 8,951

2009 6,933

3255104245 Thermoset general decorative, automotive powder coatings 1/ 2010 3,765

2009 2,437

3255104249 Thermoset general decorative, architectural powder coatings (such as

aluminum 2010 1,096

extrusions) 1/ 2009 959

3255104251 Thermoset general decorative, lawn and garden powder coatings 1/ 2010 999

2009 890

3255104255 Thermoset general decorative, general metal finishing powder coatings 1/ 2010 19,806

2009 16,225

3255104259 Thermoset functional powder coatings (for pipe , rebar, 2010 (D)47

electrical insulation, etc.) 1/ 2009 (D)

3255104261 Thermoplastic powder coatings (all) 1/ 2010 (D)

2009 (D)

3255104263 Other powder coatings 2010 (D)

2009 (D)

3255104265 Other industrial product finishes 2010 2 3,378

2009 20,774

3255107 Special purpose coatings, including all marine coatings 2010 168,326

2009 158,575

3255107111 Industrial new construction and maintenance paints, interior 2010 35,570

2009 34,704

3255107115 Industrial new construction and maintenance paints, exterior 2010 16,571

2009 13,886

3255107121 Traffic marking paints (all types; shelf goods and highway 2010 37,335

department) 2009 35,047

3255107131 Automotive, other transportation and machinery ref inish 2010 55,899

paints and enamels, including primers 2009 52,504

3255107141 Marine paints, ship and off

- shore facilities and shelf goods for 2010 10,924

both new construction and marine refinish and 2009 11,498

maintenance. Excludes spar va rnish

3255107151 Marine paints for yacht and pleasure craft, new construction, 2010 (D)

refinish and maintenance 2009 (D)

3255107161 Aerosol

- paint concentrates produced for packaging in 2010 (D)

aerosol containers 2009 (D)

325510 B Miscellaneous allied paint products 2010 145,119

2009 134,263

325510B111 Paint and varnish removers 2010 (D)48 2009 5,075

325510B121 Thinners for lacquers and other solvent based paint products 2010 (D)

2009 30,249

325510B131 Pig ment dispersions 2010 (D)

2009 25,877

325510B141 Other miscellaneous allied paint products, including brush 2010 83,708

cleaners, ink vehicles, putty and glazing compounds, etc. 2009 73,062

Emission Factor

Use the emission factors for arc hitectural surface coatings (EPA, 1993A), that are shown

in Table 5

- 2 of the EIIP document and reproduced below:

Coating Type VOC Content

Lbs / gallon

Water

- based 0.74

Solvent

- based 3.87

Total 4.61

This activity occurs 7 days a week and is usually mo re common in the summer months as

indicated by a seasonal adjustment factor of 1.3 (see Table 5.8

- 1 in Procedures) . It should

be noted that 99% of solvents in these coatings are VOC.

Because the application of architectural sur face coating is defined as an area source, there is no

need to subtract point source emissions from the total, and all emissions estimated for this source

are area source emissions.

EPA surface coating regulation provides a 20% red uction for phase I of the AIM rule and 31%

reduction for phase II; this creates a 44.8% control efficiency. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls49

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is n ot available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from architectural surface coatings is:

Equation to calculate solvent

- based emissions is:

EM ASC

– SB

= POP i x UF ASC

- SB x EF SB x [(1

– (CE ASC x RE ASC x RP ASC )]

2000

Where:

EM ASC

– SB = VOC emissions in tons per day from solvent

- based architectural surface coatings

POP i = 2011 population of county i

UF ASC

– SB = Usage factor for solvent

- based architectural surface coatings

EF SB = VOC emission factor for solvent

- based architectural surface coatings

CE ASC = Control efficiency 22 for architectural surface coatings

RE ASC = Rule effectiveness 23 for architectural surface coatings

RP ASC = Rule penetration for architectural surface coati ngs

Equation to calculate water

- based emissions is:

EM ASC

–

WB = POP i x UF ASC

- WB x EF WB x [(1

– (CE ASC x RE ASC x RP ASC )]

2000

Where:

EM ASC

– WB = VOC emissions in tons per day from water

- based architectural surface coatings

POP i = 2011 population of county i

UF ASC

– WB = Usage factor for water

- based architectural surface coatings

EF WB = VOC emission factor for water

- based architectural surface coatings

CE ASC = Control efficiency for architectural surface coatings

22 An overall 44.8% reduction in emissions is due to EPA’s AIM regulation

23 EPA’s AIM regulation is a federal rule applying to architectural surface coatings Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation50

RE A SC = Rule effectiveness for architectural surface coatings

RP ASC = Rule penetration for architectural surface coatings

2011 Example Calculation Architectural Surface Coating (Allegany County)

Solvent

- Based

POP Allegany = 74692 persons

UF ASC

– SB = 0.3657 gal/capita

EF SB = 3.87 lbs. VOC /gal/year

CE ASC = 44.8%

RE ASC = 100%

RP ASC = 100%

EM ASC

– SB = ((74,692 x 0.3657 x 3.87) x [1

– (0.448 x 1.00 x 1.00)]) / 2000

EM ASC

– SB = 29.18 tons VOC per year

Water

- Based

POP All egany = 74692 persons

UF ASC

– WB = 1.6386 gal/capita

EF WB = 0.74 lbs. VOC /gal/year

CE ASC = 44.8%

RE ASC = 100%

RP ASC = 100%

EM ASC

– WB = ((74,692 x 1.6386 x 0.74) x [1

– (0.448 x 1.00 x 1.00)]) / 2000

EM ASC

– WB = 25.00 tons VOC per year51

3.1.2.4 Auto Refinishing

SCC: 24 01 005 000

Automobile refinishing is the repainting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks and other

vehicles. Coating of new cars is not included in this category but falls under industr ial coating.

In automobile refinishing, lacquers and enamels are usually applied with hand

- operated spray

guns. Because the vehicles contain heat

- sensitive plastics and rubber, the coatings are dried or

cured in low

- temperature ovens or at ambient condit ions. MDE adopted a regulation based upon

federal guidance that requires the use of reformulated coatings and equipment with greater

transfer efficiency in the application of coatings.

VOC

MDE staff used an alternative per employee emission estimation methodology documented in

EIIP 1 , Chapter 13, Auto Body Refinishing, dated January 2000. The document provides an

outline for developing a per employee emission factor using a national VOC emission estimate

and national emp loyment data.

Activity

MDE calculated an emission factor of 592.6774 lbs. VOC per employee per year using an

estimate of 151.9 million pounds of solvents sold nationally in 2007 and dividing it by

2007 County Business Patterns employment number of 256,33 1 for NAICS 81112:

Automotive Body, Paint, Interior and Glass Repair. The amount of solvent sold was

provided by the EPA in conjunction with The Freedonia Group and ERTAC.

EPA had a federal rule already in effect allowing a 37% reduction of emission for auto
body refinishing in 2011. Maryland has an auto body regulation this is more stringent than

the national rule, which allowed MDE to take an additional 8% reduction.

The autobody refinishing category does not include new car coating.

Emission Fac

tor:

592.6774 lbs of VOC per employee per year

1 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources52

No autobody refinishing emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted

from the area source.

Autobody refinishing emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted from

the area source inventory to avoid double counting.

An EPA memo on auto body refinishing allows a 37% reduction for the federal rule. Maryland’s

auto body regulation all owed MDE to take an additional 8% reduction.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from automobile refinishing is:

E AR = EMP J x EF AR x [ 1

- (RE x RP x CE)]

- E Point Source AR 2000

Where:

E AR = VOC emissions in tons per year from auto refinishing

EMP J = Number of employees in county j for NAICS 811121 (auto refin ishing) from

County Business Patterns

EF AR = VOC emission factor for auto refinishing

E Point Source AR = Point source emissions from auto body refinishing

Divided by 2000 lbs. to convert to tons

2011 Example Calculation Auto Refinishing (Baltimore County)

E AR = 678 x 592.6774 x [1

- (1.0 x 1.0 x .08)]

- 0.00 2000

E AR = 184.84 Tons VOC / year Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation53

3.1.2.5 Traffic Markings

SCC: 24 01 008 000

- Traffic paints

Traffic paints are used to mark pavement, the majority of which is us ed to create dividing lines

for traffic lanes. These markings are applied by state or local highway maintenance crews or by

contractors. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly

after the application of the marking paint. All traffic paint emissions are included in the area

source inventory.

VOC

MDE surveyed city, county, and state agencies for gallons of paint used and the VOC content of

the paint used.

Activity

The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) keeps data on gallons of traffic

marking paint used by district and a few individual count ies . For emissions from SHA line

painting, each county’s proportion of the total district’s lane miles was multiplied by total

gal lons painted in a district to get an estimated amount of gallons used for each county. In

a few counties, SHA does all the line painting. Also, data was collected from the

Maryland Aviation Administration (MAA) and the Mass Transit Administration (MTA).

MDE was able to gather information on gallons of traffic paint used during the ozone

season and during a year. The Material Safety Data Sheets and Environmental Data Sheets

were collected for each paint and solvent used by each local jurisdiction and Sta te agency
doing the striping. It was necessary to collect data on yellow and white paint separately

because the amount of VOCs per gallon is different for each type of paint.

The emission totals are slightly lower than in previous inventories because man y jurisdictions have switched to latex (water

- borne) paints for traffic marking, and those

areas already using latex paints have switched to using a latex paint that is lower in VOC

content than what was previously used. The widespread use of latex paints means that

there are no longer any emissions from the solvents used to clean painting equipment when

oil based paints are used.

The following information was collected from all public agencies using traffic marking

paint in Maryland: Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources54

Gallons of yellow t raffic paint and solvent used in 2011

Gallons of white traffic paint and solvent used in 2011

The MSDS and Environmental Data Sheets per type of paint provided the following

information:

 Percent volatile by weight

 Percent water by weight

 Percent volatil e organic compounds by weight

 Total VOC (lbs./gal)

 VOC/gallon less water

Emission Factor

Traffic Paints VOC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC /gallons)

Yellow Paint 0.36 to 0.78

White Paint 0.11 to 0.78

The VOC pound per gallon of paint was obtain from the Ma terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for

each color and brand of paint used. The appropriate factor was used for each calculation and the

table above shows the range for each color.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is nece ssary.

MDE surveyed the various state agencies that apply coatings to road surfaces and transportation

projects. MDE collected data on the gallons of paint applied and the VOC content of the paint.

MDE made emission estimates b ased on this data and therefore no controls are available for this

source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this sou rce. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations55

Traffic Paint Sample Calculation (Harford County)

(1) Calculate VOC emissions from yellow and white traffic paints for year 2011

a. State Highway Administration (SHA) Traffic Paint Use

Total yellow gallons used in 2011 = 13,107 g allons

Total VOC per gallon of yellow paint used 25 = 0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon

Total white gallons used 2011 = 17,374 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of white paint used 26 = 0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon

E Yellow Paint = (13,107 gallons) x (0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton)

E Yellow Paint = 3.735 tons / year

E White Paint = (17,374 gallons) x (0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton)

E White Paint = 4.952 tons / year

E Local Paint Total = E Yellow Paint + E White Paint

E Local Paint Total = 3.735 + 4.952

E Local Paint Total = 8.687 tons / year

b. Maryland Aviation Administration (MAA) Traffic Paint Use

The MAA did not apply any paint in Harford County.

c. Maryland Transportation Administration (MTA) Traffic Paint Use

The MTA did not apply any pa int in Harford County.

25 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways

26 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, D ivision of Highways Emissions

Calculation56

d. Local Jurisdiction Traffic Paint Use Harford County

Total yellow gallons used in 2011 = 4,320 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of yellow paint used 27 = 0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon

Total white gallons used 20 11 = 1,149 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of white paint used 28 = 0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon

E Yellow Paint = (4,320 gallons) x (0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton)

E Yellow Paint = 1,685 tons / year

E White Paint = (1,149 gallons) x (0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton)

E White Paint = 0.448 tons / year

E Local Paint Total = E Yellow Paint + E White Paint

E Local Paint Total = 1.685 + 0.448

E Local Paint Total = 2.133 tons / year

(2) VOC emissions from paint cleaning solvent use w ere zero. None of the above listed

a gencies used cleaning solvents

.

(3) Total VOC emissions from traffic paint use and paint cleaning solvent use :

E Paint Total = E SHA Paint Total + E MAA Paint Total + E MTA Paint Total + E Local Paint Total + E Paint Solvent

E Paint Total = 8,687 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 2.133 + 0.0

E Paint Total = 10,820 tons / year

Yellow Total = 3.735 +1.685 = 542 tons / year

White Total = 4.952 + 0.448 = 5.40 tons / year

27 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways

28 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways57

3.1.2.6 Industrial Surface Coating

SCC: 24 01 015 000 (Finish Wood Product Manufacturing)

24 01 02 0 000 (Wood Furniture and Fixtures)

24 01 025 000 (Metal Furniture and Fixtures)

24 01 030 000 (Paper, Film, and Foil)

24 01 040 000 (Metal Cans)

24 01 060 000 (Household Appliances Manufacturing)

24 01 065 000 (Electronic and Other Electrical)

24 01070 000 (Motor Vehicles)

24 01 075 000 (Aircraft)

24 01 080 000 (Marine)

24 01 085 000 (Railroads)

24 01 090 000 (Miscellaneous Manufacturing)

24 01 100 000 (Industrial Maintenance Coatings)

24 01 200 000(Other Coatings)

Industrial surface coatings are applied during the manufacture of a wide variety of products,

including furniture, cans, automobiles, other transportation equipment, machinery, appliances,

metal coil, flat wood, wire a nd other miscellaneous products. In addition, coatings are used in

maintenance operations at industrial facilities but these are considered paint sources.

VOC and HAPs

MDE used the methods and procedures documented in EI IP 29 , Chapter 8, Industrial Surface

Coatings, dated September 1997. Applicable point source emissions (those within the same

NAICS) taken from the MDE/ARMA registration files have been subtracted from the emissions

calculated on a per capita and per employ ee basis ; and are presented below.

Activity

The choice between using per capita factors or per employee factors for categories where

made based on the quality of data. County Business Patterns (internet address:

http://censtats.census.gov/cgi

- bin/cbpnaic/cbpsel.pl ) lists employee data by North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Many values are based on actual data.

However, some county NAICS list a range for the number of employees through a letter

code. In this case the arithmetic average number of employees per letter code per county

was adjusted so that the state total employment in a NAICS matched the sum of the

number of employees reported per county. For those ca tegories where all or most of the

employment data was listed as a range, the per capita factor was assumed to be more

reliable and was used to calculate emissions. The U.S. Census Bureau reports population

29 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources58

statistics for the counties of Maryland. Populat ion statistics for 2011 for the counties of

Maryland were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau Internet address

( http://www.census.gov ).

Because the emission factors were developed based on NAICS employment data an d 2010

was the last year employment data was available per NAICS, MDE used the 2010 County

Business Patterns as the source for employment figures.

Emission Factor

Per employee factors were used for the industry surrogate employment SIC and NAICS

because they are generally more reliable (see Procedures , Table 4

- 10.1), and a comparison

with per capita emissions in one county showed that for these SICs, the per capita factors

led to a large overestimation of emissions. Per capita factors were used for the i ndustry

surrogate population SIC and NAICS because they prove to be more reliable for emission

calculations than the per employee factor.

Industry SCC NAICS Surrogate

Finish Wood Product Manufacturing 2401015000 321 Employment

Wood Furniture and Fixture s 2401020000 337110, 337121, 337122, 337127,

337129, 337211, 337212, 337215

,

339111 Employment

Metal Furniture and Fixtures 2401025000 337124, 337127, 337214, 337215,

339111 Employment

Paper, Film, and Foil 2401030000 322222 Employment

Metal Cans 2401040 000 33243 Employment

Household Appliances

Manufacturing 2401060000 3352 Employment

Electronic and Other Electrical 2401065000 331319, 31422, 331491, 35921, 335929 Employment

Motor Vehicles 2401070000 3361, 3362, 3363 Employment

Aircraft 2401075000 3364 Employment

Marine 2401080000 3366, 488390 Employment

Railroads 2401085000 3365 Employment

Miscellaneous Manufacturing 2401090000 339, 3369 Employment

Industrial Maintenance Coatings 2401100000 NA

a Population

Other Coatings 2401200000 NA

a Population

Furthermore, NAICS used were the best correspond to SIC for each source category so

that emission factors that were generated from EIIP SIC data could be used. EPA

provided the correlation between NAICS and SIC. Per employment e mission factors are

list ed in Table 8.5

- 1 in the EIIP Industrial Surface Coating document and below. As an

example, MDE has chosen finish wood product manufacturing for presentation of an59

equation and emissions by county. The EIIP document lists no seasonal adjustment

factor.

Industrial Maintenance Coatings (NAICS) and Other Coatings (NAICS) , per capita

emission factors are listed in Table 8.5

- 2 in the EIIP Industrial Surface Coating document

and below.

Industry Per Employment VOC

Emission Fact or (lbs. VOC /employee/year) Per Capita

VOC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC /person/year)

Finish Wood Product Manufacturing 43 NA

Wood Furniture and Fixtures 244 NA

Metal Furniture and Fixtures 772 NA

Paper, Film, and Foil 735 NA

Metal Cans 2,326 NA

Househo ld Appliances

Manufacturing 254 NA

Electronic and Other Electrical 24.7 NA

Motor Vehicles 164 NA

Aircraft 15 NA

Marine 198 NA

Railroads 222 NA

Miscellaneous Manufacturing 136 NA

Industrial Maintenance Coatings NA 0.8

Other Coatings NA 0.8

Applicable point source emissions (those within the same NAICS) taken from the MDE/ARMA

registration files have been subtracted from the calculated emissions, and their emissions are

separated from the totals presented below.

MDE surveyed the various state agencies that apply coatings to road surfaces and transportation

projects. MDE collected data on the gallons of paint applied and the VOC content of the paint.

MDE made emission estimates based on this da ta and therefore no controls are available for this

source category. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjus tment for

Controls60

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Equation:

E FW = EMPL i x EF FW

2000

Where:

E FW = VOC emissions in tons per year from finish wood product manufacturing.

EMPL i = employees in county i employed in NAICS 321.

EF FW = VOC emission factor for finished wo od which is 43 lbs. VOC per employee per year

2011 Example Calculation Industrial Surface Coating

– F inish Wood Product Manufacturing

(Baltimore County)

Number of employees in NAICS 321 in Baltimore County

(2010 County Business Patterns): 52

Emission factor for f

inish wood product manufacturing (lbs. VOC/employee/year): 43 30

5 days per week activity level, no seasonal adjustment factor

E FW(Baltimore Co) = (52 x 43)

2000

E FW(Baltimore Co) = 1.12 tons VOC per year

30 Table 8.5

- 1, EIIP Chapter 8 Industr ial Surface Coatings Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation61

3.1.2.7 Industrial Adhesives and Sealant s

SCC: 2440020000

Industrial adhesives are the application of a liquid or powder substance, such as solvent type

paints, varnishes, and lacquers to a surface for decorative or protective purposes. The substances

can be applied by brushing, roll ing, spraying, dipping or flow coating. VOCs are released into

the air as the substance dries. Powder coatings are applied to a hot surface and then melted;

VOCs are released as the powder melts and dries.

VOC and HAPs

M DE staff used EPA’s “Solvent Mass Balance” methodology for estimating emissions from

nonpoint solvents, which uses the total solvent production and sales for a particular source

category to estimate overall emissions then subtracting out emissions due to p oint sources, waste

management, and recycling.

Activity

Per capita activity data was used and downloaded from the US Census Bureau (internet

address: http://www.census.gov ) July 1, 2011 population statistic estimates for the counties

of Maryland 31

.

Emission Factor

MDE used the emission factor of 1.10 lbs/capita/year developed by Determination of

Reasonably Available Control Technology and Best Available Retrofit Control Technology

for Adhesives and Sealants, Califo rnia Air Resources Board document for adhesives and

sealants (CARB RACT/BARCT for Adhesives/ Sealants, Dec 1998) 32

.

CARB RACT/BARCT estimated emission factor calculation for adhesives/sealants is as

following:

VOC = 45 tons/day estimated in 1994 * 365 days/year * 2000 lbs/ton / 29,760,021 capita

where 45 tons/day is the estimated state

- wide emissions for industrial adhesives in

California, 2000 lbs/ton is a conversion factor, and 29,760,021 capita is the 1990

population of California.

VOC Emf = 1 .10 lbs/capita/year of industrial adhesives

31 2011 estimated population from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimation Branch (see Appendices).

32 Emission factors w ere developed by CARB RACT/BARCT for Adhesives/ Sealants, Dec 1998. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources62

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

Maryland has adopted an industrial adhesive and coatings regulation (COMAR 26.11.19.15).

The regu lation is similar to the one proposed by the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) and

achieves VOC reductions through two basic components: sale and manufacture restrictions that

limit the VOC content of specified adhesives, sealants and primers sold in the st ate; and use

restrictions that apply primarily to commercial/industrial applications.

A reasonably available control technology determination (CARB RACT/BARCT for Adhesives/

Sealants, Dec 1998) prepared by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in 19 98 forms the

basis of this model rule. In the years 1998

- 2001, the provisions of the CARB determination were

adopted in regulatory form in various air pollution control districts in California including the

Bay Area, Ventura County, Sacramento Metropolita n and San Joaquin Valley.

CARB and OTC estimate a 64.4 percent reduction in emissions from the source category

regulation that was fully implemented in Maryland in 2009.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not availa ble for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Equation:

E OC = POP i x EF OC x [1

– (CE x RE x RP)]

2000

W here:

E OC = VOC emissions in tons per year from indu strial adhesives

. POP i = 2011 population of county i (Appendix A Section 1).

EF OC = VOC emission factor for industrial adhesives

. CE = Control Efficiency

RE = Rule Effectiveness

RP = Rule Penetration

To adjust for control efficiency OTC

- PECHAN Control Measure Report : Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation63

2011 base year where:

CE = 0.644, RE = RP = 1.

Then new emission control efficiency for 2011 is: [1

– (0.644 x 1 x 1)] = 1

2011 Per Capital Sample Calculation for industrial adhesives in Montgomery County:

2011 U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimate for Montgomery County : 989,794 33

Emission factor for industrial adhesives (lbs. VOC/person/year): 1.10 34

5 days per week activity level, no seasonal adjustment factor

Equation:

E OC = POP i x EF OC x [ 1

– (CE x RE x RP)]

2000

2011 Per Capital Sample Calculation for industrial adhesives in Montgomery County:

989,794 x 1.10 lbs. VOC/capita/year x [1

– (0.644 x 1.0 x 1.0)] = 387,603 lbs. VOC per person

Converting to tons per year: 387,603 / 2000 lbs. per year = 193.80 tons VOC per year.

33 2011 estimated population from U.S. Bu reau of the Census, Population Estimation Branch (see Appendices).

34 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Vol

. III, Ch. 6, September 1997.64

3.1.2.8 Graphic Arts

SCC: 24 25 000 000 (Screen & Plateless)

24 25 010 000 (Offset Lithography)

24 25 020 000 (Letterpress)

24 25 030 000 (Rotogravure)

24 25 040 000 (Flexography)

Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of newspapers, magazines,

books and other printed materials. There are six basic operations used in graphic arts:

lithography, gravure, letterpress, fl exography, screen printing and metal decorating (plateless).

In our calculations screen and plateless printing were paired together and make up a combined

6% market share of all printing. Lithography accounts for nearly half of all graphic arts

operations

.

VOC

MDE staff used an alternative per capita emission estimation method documented in EIIP 4

, Chapter 7, Graphic Arts, dated November 1996. The EIIP methodology recommended an

emission factor of 1.3 lbs. VOC per capita per year emission factor (EPA, 1991) for graphic arts

sources emitting less than 100 tons VOC per year. Yearly activity was used with no seasonal

adjustment factor as recommended in Table 5.8

- 1 in Procedures . All point source graphic arts

facilities (NA ICS 11531) in the ARMA registration files for 2011 emissions where subtracted

from the area source inventory.

Activity

The estimated percentage of market share, reported in Table 7.2

- 3 of the EIIP document

and reproduced below, was used to allocate the total graphic arts emissions to specific

printing types. Maryland has different regulations regarding specific types of printing

operations and thus to calculate controlled emissions the estimated percentage that each

type of printing operation contributes to the total had to be determined.

Type of Printing ( MS type ) Estimated Percentage of

Product Market Share

Rotogravure 18

Flexography 18

Offset Lithography 47

Letterpress 8

Screen 3

Plateless 3

4 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources65

Emission Factor

1.3 lbs. VOC per capita per year

Graphic arts emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted from the area

source inventory to avoid double counting.

Control efficiency is based on Maryland regulations for each type o f printing process and has

been developed within technical support documents for the graphic arts printing regulations.

Rule penetration has been defined as the estimated percentage that each type of printing

operation. Rule effectiveness has been assign ed the EPA default value of 80 per cent.

Lithographic Rotogravure Letterpress Flexographic Screen

Rule Effectiveness (RE) 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

Rule Penetration (RP) 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

Control Efficiency (CE) 0.750 0.630 0.000 0.540 0.350

Reduction factor (RE x RP x CE) 0.600 0.504 0.000 0.432 0.280

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from graphic arts is:

Equation:

E GA = MS type x POP i x EF GA x (1

- RF GA )

2000 P oint Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

E missions

Calculation66

Where:

E GA = VOC emissions in tons per year from graphic arts

MS type = Market share per cent of the type of printing

POP i = 2011 population of county i (Appendix A)

EF GA = VOC emission factor for graphic arts (1.3 35 lbs. VOC per person per year)

RF GA = Reduction Factor for Printing

RF L = Reduction Factor for Lithographic Printing

RF L P = Reduction Factor for Letterpress Printing

RF R = Reduction Factor for Rotogravure Printing

RF F = Reduction Factor for Flexographic Printing

RF S = Reduction Factor for Screen & Plateless Printing

2011 Example Calculation Graphic Arts (Anne Arund el County)

E GAL = 0.47 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1

– 0.600)

2000

E GALP = 0.08 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1

– 0.0)

2000

E GAR = 0.18 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1

– 0.504)

2000

E GAF = 0.18 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1

– 0.432)

20 00

E GAS = 0.06 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1

– 0.280)

2000

E GAsum = ( E GAL + E GALP + E GAR + E GAF + E GAS )

E GAsum = (66.53 + 28.31 + 31.59 + 36.18 + 15.29)

E GAsum = 177.89 tons VOC per person ( Totals may be slightly different due to rounding )

35 Emission factor from EIIP Chapter 7 Graphic Arts67

3.1.2.9 Asphalt Pavin g and Roofing

SCC: 24 61 022 000 Emulsified

24 61 020 000 Misc. Application (Road Oil)

24 61 021 000 Cutback

24 61 023 000 Roofing

The two types of asphalt paving used for road paving and repair are cutback asphalt and

emulsified asphalt. Cutback asphalt is a liquefied road surface prepared by blending (or "cutting

back") asphalt cement with different petroleum distillates or (road oils). The second type,

emulsified asphalt, is also a liquefied road surface, but is prepared with a water/soap mixture

instead of petroleum distillates. Cutback asphalt emits more VOCs, and its use has been limited

in Maryland to the non

- ozone period of April 15 to October 15. Asphalt like tar is a lso used for

roofing similar to rubberizing.

VOC

MDE calculated emissions for this cate gory by using a combination of factors from the

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) 1991 Survey, the

Cal ifornia Air Resources Board, and EPA’s AP

- 42. It estimated that 80% of all asphalt used in

Maryland is for paving, and the remaining 20% is for roofing.

Activity

Total barrels of asphalt used in Maryland was obtained from the Energy Information

Adminis tration (EIA) and separated to county level. Maryland used 3,322,000 barrels of

asphalt in 2010. Also, 2011 population statistics for the counties of Maryland were

collected from the Census Bureau Internet address ( h ttp://www.census.gov ).

Emission Factors:

Asphalt Re lated

Material VOC Emission Factors EF Units

Emulsified 17.9 lbs/ton

Road Oils 70.4 lbs/ton

Cutback 268.3 lbs/ton

Asphalt Roofing 6.2 lbs/ton Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources68

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

State of Maryland Department of Environment regulations (COMAR 26.11.11.02B), prohibit use

of cutback asphalt paving from April 15 to October 15 so ozone precursor emissions from

cutback asphalt a pplication were not calculated. Cutback asphalt is made by blending asphalt

cement with petroleum distillates that evaporate when the road surface is "cured" after

application. Cutback was given a control efficiency of 100 %, rule effectiveness of 80%, an d rule

penetration of 100%. All other asphalts had no controls applied. Emulsified asphalt is asphalt

cement mixed with a blend of water and an emulsifier, usually soap.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Emission estimates were calculated by converting total barrels used to tons of asphalt,

multiplying it by appropriate emission factor, and then proportioning them by population to the

county level. There is 350 lbs of asphalt in each barrel. Out of all asphalt used in the state,

approximately 80% is used for paving and 20% is used for roofing. Paving asphalt usage is

further separated below:

Paving Asphalt Percent Tons of Paving Asphalt

Paving Hot

- mix: 92% Hot

- mix: 427,874

Paving Emulsified: 5% Emulsified: 23,254

Paving Road Oils: 2% Road Oils: 9,302

Paving Cutback 1% Cutback 4,651

Roofing of state total 20% Roofing 116,270

Hot

- mix emissions were calculated by fac ilities and reported with point source inventory.

The equation used to estimate emissions from asphalt paving is: Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation69

E A = CLA Type x EF Type x (1

– (RE x RP x CE))

2000

Where:

E A = VOC emissions tons

CLA Type = Estimated amount of asphalt type used (tons)

EF Type = emission factor for type of asphalt in lbs. VOC per ton of asphalt per yr

RE = Rule Effectiveness

RP = Rule Penetration

CE = Control efficiency

2011 Emulsified Asphalt Sample Calcul ations: Anne Arundel County

E A = CLA Type x EF Type x (1

– (1 x 1 x 0))

2000

E Ann Arundel = 2,172 x 17.9 x (1

– (1 x 1 x 0))

2000

E Ann Arundel = 19.44 tons VOC

Below is an alternate calculation method and check, by estimati ng emission for the state and

ratioing out Anne Arundel County by county population.

E MDEm Total = 23,254 tons of asphalt for all of Maryland.

Total Maryland Population for 2011 was 5,828,289 people.

Anne Arundel County population for 2011 was 544,403.

Usage ratio for Anne Arundel County is USEa = (544,403 / 5,828,289 ) = 0.0934

E MDEmulsified = 23,254 x 17.9 x (1

– (1 x 1 x 0))

2000

E MDEmulsified = 208.12 tons VOC Maryland

E Ann Arundel = (208.12 x 0.0934) tons VOC

E Ann Arundel = 19.44 tons VOC

(Similar calculation can be done for each asphalt type for each county)70

3.1.2.10 Synthetic Organic Chemical Storage Tanks

This category is fully represented in the point source inventory.

3.1.2.11 Pesticide Application

SCC: 24 61 800 000

Pesticides are substances or mixtures used to control plant and animal life for the purposes of:

agricultural production, public health from pest

- borne disease, reducing property damage due to

pests, and improving the aesthetic quality of outdoor and i ndoor surroundings. Agriculture,

homeowners, industry, and government agencies use pesticides. The largest usage of pesticides

by weight is in agriculture. Agricultural pesticides control weeds, insects, mites, fungi,

nematodes, and other threats to the yield, quality, or safety of food production.

Emissions arise from pesticide use because of the volatile nature of many ingredients, solvents,

or other additives used in the formulations. Many pesticide formulations use solvents as carriers

for more acti ve organic or inorganic ingredients. In pesticide formulations, the organic or

inorganic solute is the "active ingredient" (AI), while the solvent carrier is the "inert carrier."

Thus, the terms "active" and "inert" in pesticide formulations refer to tox icological action, and

are not indicators of photochemical activity. Both the active and inert ingredients in these

formulations evaporate and contribute to VOC emissions.

VOC and HAPs

Activity data for 2011 was not av ailable and the Pesticide Regulation Section of the

Maryland Department of Agriculture reported that the amount of pesticide usage for the

state did not change from 2004. The emissions for this category have remained constant

and are the same as our last r eport; for these reasons the following estimation description

is the same as previous.

Maryland Agricultural Statistics service in cooperation with the Pesticide Regulation

Section of the Maryland Department of Agriculture compiled information for Mary land's

2000 pesticide statistics document. The document, Maryland Pesticide Statistics for

2000 , reported pesticide usage in pounds used in a year by active ingredient for each

Maryland County. Along with the pounds of AI applied, the document also liste d the

form of many pesticides and the formulation of some selected pesticides. From this,

MDE used the EIIP’s emission inventory reference document titled Pesticides

– Agricultural and Nonagricultural , December 1997, Section 9.2.2 to generate the VOC Descript ion

Pollutants

Method and

Data Source:71

emis sions for the active ingredient and inert carrier of the pesticide. This required

assumptions and other references to collect the best information used in the calculations.

Emission estimation for 2011 was adapted from 2002 averaged pounds of pesticide pe r

acre.

The EPA method for estimating pesticide emissions use s a six

- step procedure as follows:

1. Determine both the application method and the quantity of pesticide product applied.

2. Determine the type of formulation used.

3. Determine the specific A I(s) in the formulation and their vapor pressure(s).

4. Determine the percentage of the AI (or each AI) present.

5. Determine the VOC content of the formulation.

6. Calculate the emissions.

MDE slightly deviated from this method, since information was pr esented to MDE in pounds of

active ingredient. With the active ingredient, the vapor pressure and general application method

(surface application or soil incorporation) was determined from the EPA's AP

- 42 document or

The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties D atabase For Environmental Decision

- Making , by R. D.

Wauchope, et al. Then the form (i.e. wet

- table powder, emulsified concentrate, granule, etc.) of

the most likely pesticide was determined from a list in the Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 2000

. Also, the statistics listed some formulations, for example 80% inert, 20% AI. Most of the

formulations were assumptions based on the information provided with the form of the pesticide

in the Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 2000

.

The table below lists the EI IP emissions factors taken from AP

- 42 (Table 9.2.2

- 4) used to

calculate this category.

Uncontrolled Emission Factors for Pesticide Active Ingredients

Vapor Pressure Range Emission Factor

(mm Hg at 20  to 25  C) kg/Mg lbs./ton

Surface Applicati on

1 x 10 - 4 to 1 x 10 - 6 350 700

> 1 x 10 - 4 580 1160

Soil Incorporation

< 1 x 10 - 6 2.7 5.4

1 x 10 - 4 to 1 x 10 - 6 21 42

> 1 x 10 - 4 52 10472

Equations:

E pest = VOC Emissions from Active Ingredient (AI) + VOC Emissions from th e Inert Ingredients (Inert).

VOC Emissions Active Ingredients (AI) = (lbs AI / year) x (lbs VOC / lb AI )

VOC Emissions Inert Ingredients = [(lbs AI / year) / % AI] x % Inert Ingredients x % VOC INERT INGREDIENTS

E pest = (lbs AI/year) x EF AI in lbs VOC/ton AI

+ (lbs AI/year)

x (% Inert) x (% VOC in Inert) 2000 lbs. Per ton (1

- % Inert)

Daily Emissions = Annual Emissions

x Seasonal Adjustment Factor 312 days / year

where:

AI = Active Ingredient (lbs. / yr)

EF AI = E mission Factor ( lbs. VOC / ton AI)

% inert = percentage of formulation that contains the Inert Carrier

% VOC in the inert = percentage of VOCs in the Inert Carrier portion of the pesticide

SAF = seasonal adjustment factor of 1.3 to adjust for the summer oz one season

MDE assumed six working days per week and 100% volatilization of the VOC portion of the

inert carrier.

Sample Calculations:

The following information was compiled from The Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 2000 and

The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision

- Making :

Table 3

- 26

Allegany County Pesticide Information

VOC

V. Press Formulation Formula % VOC EF Alleg. Alleg.

Pesticide mm Hg Application Type (% Inert) Inert lbs. VOC/

lbs. A.I. lbs of A.I. L bs/yr

2,4

- D 8E

- 06 foliar spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 2,058 3107.580

Acephate 1.7E

- 06 crop spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 62 93.620

Alachlor 1.4E

- 05 soil spray gas 0.15 0.29 0.35 19 7.622

Amitrole 4.40E

- 07 foliar spray gas 0.784 0.29 0.35 6 8.416

Atrazine 2.89 E

- 07 soil surface wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 478 645.300

Azinphos

- Methyl 2E

- 07 crop spray ec 0.35 0.56 0.35 33 21.501

Azoxystrobin crop spray gas 0.77 0.29 0.35 1 1.321

Bacillus thuringiensis neg crop spray gr 0.96 0.25 0.35 107 679.450

Benomyl 1E

- 10 crop sp ray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 9 12.150

Bifenthrin 1.8E

- 07 crop spray gas 0.1 0.29 0.35 2 0.764

Boric Acid 0.0001 spray wp 0.1 0.25 0.35 4 1.511

Captan 8E

- 08 crop spray gas 0.5 0.29 0.35 727 465.28073 VOC

V. Press Formulation Formula % VOC EF Alleg. Alleg.

Pesticide mm Hg Application Type (% Inert) Inert lbs. VOC/

lbs. A.I. lbs of A.I. L bs/yr

Carbaryl 1.2E

- 06 crop spray gas 0.5 0.29 0.35 93 59.520

Car bofuran 6E

- 07 foliar spray fog 0.56 0.39 0.35 1 0.846

Chloroneb 0.003 spray wp 0.35 0.25 0.58 17 12.148

Chlorothalonil 1E

- 03 crop spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.58 368 640.320

Chlorpyrifos 1.7E

- 05 soil

incorporation gas 0.15 0.29 0.021 36 2.598

Clomazone 1.4E

- 04 soil

incorporation ec 0.3 0.56 0.052 3 0.876

Clopyralid 0 foliar spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 1 1.510

Cyanazine 1.6E

- 09 crop spray dust 0.8 0.21 0.35 31 36.890

Cyfluthrin 1.6E

- 08 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 153 69.943

Cypermethrin 1.4E

- 09 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 5 2.286

Diazinon 6E

- 05 crop spray pellet 0.143 0.27 0.35 21 8.296

Dicamba 0 spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 126 190.260

Dichlobenil 1E

- 03 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.58 3 4.740

Dicofol 4E

- 07 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 25 11.429

Diflubenzuro n 9E

- 10 crop spray wp 0.25 0.25 0.35 80 34.667

Dimethenamid > 1.0 soil spray gas 0.468 0.29 0.35 5 3.026

Diuron 6.9E

- 08 soil surface wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 310 418.500

Endosulfan 1.7E

- 07 crop spray gas 0.5 0.29 0.35 2 1.280

Esfenvalerate 1.1E

- 08 crop spr ay dust 0.3 0.21 0.35 7 3.080

Fenarimol 2.2E

- 07 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 1 0.457

Flumetsulam ND spray aq 0.18 0.21 0.35 12 4.753

Fluvalinate 1E

- 07 crop spray rtu 0.8 0.2 0.35 69 79.350

Fosamine Ammonium 4E

- 06 foliar spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 8 9.520

Glyphosate 0 foliar spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 2,610 3105.900

Hydroprene ? ? gr 0.09 0.25 2 0.049

Imidacloprid 1.50E

- 09 spray aq 0.786 0.21 0.35 1,426 1598.986

Iprodione 1E

- 07 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 24 32.400

Lambda

- cyhalothrin 1.50E

- 09 spray ec 0 .87 0.56 0.35 8 32.782

MCPP 0 foliar spray aq 0.5 0.21 0.35 49 27.440

Malathion 8E

- 06 contact spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 7 4.130

Mancozeb 0 crop spray Fl aq conc 0.8 0.21 0.35 165 196.350

Maneb 0 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 26 35.100

Metalaxyl 5.62E

- 06 soil spray wp 0.25 0.25 0.35 7 3.033

Metam

- Sodium 20 soil spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.58 334 474.280

Methoprene 17.5 spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.58 26 36.920

Methoxychlor 0 spray wp 0.25 0.35 3 1.050

Methyl Bromide 1824 release of gas Fl aq conc 0.8 0.21 0.58 58 82.3 60

Metolachlor 3.135E

- 05 soil spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 488 287.920

Metribuzin 1E

- 05 soil surface Fl aq conc 0.75 0.21 0.35 3 2.940

Metsulfuron Methyl 2.5E

- 12 foliar spray gr 0.2 0.25 0.35 1 0.413

Nicosulfuron 1.20E

- 16 grass spray gr 0.162 0.25 0.35 2 0.797

Oryzalin 1E

- 08 soil spray wp 0.75 0.25 0.35 77 84.700

PCNB 1.1E

- 04 soil spray wp 0.6 0.25 0.58 88 84.040

Paclobutrazol 6.00E

- 10 spray wp 0.5 0.25 0.35 13 7.800

Paraquat 0 target spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 124 147.560

Pendimethalin 9.4E

- 06 soil s pray ec 0.6 0.56 0.35 1,257 1495.830

Permethrin 1.3E

- 08 crop spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 9,455 5578.45074 VOC

V. Press Formulation Formula % VOC EF Alleg. Alleg.

Pesticide mm Hg Application Type (% Inert) Inert lbs. VOC/

lbs. A.I. lbs of A.I. L bs/yr

Petroleum Oils 1.0E

- 03 spray ec 0.56 0.58 1,503 871.740

Phosmet 4.9E

- 07 crop spray wp 0.5 0.25 0.35 26 15.600

Picloram Neg foliar spray aq 0.8 0.21 0 .35 252 299.880

Primisulfuron

- methyl 1.50E

- 05 crop spray gr 0.49 0.25 0.35 2 1.180

Propachlor 7.90E

- 05 spray gr 0.35 0.25 0.35 2 0.969

Propoxur 9.7E

- 06 crop spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 2 1.180

Quizalofop

- ethyl 3E

- 07 foliar spray ec 0.2 0.56 0.35 1 0.490

Sethoxydim 1.6E

- 07 foliar spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 1 0.590

Simazine 2.21E

- 08 soil spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 776 1047.600

Sulfentrazone spray gr 0.25 0.25 0.56 1 0.643

Sulfometuron Methyl 6E

- 16 soil spray gr 0.2 0.25 0.35 7 2.888

Sulfur 0 dust dust 0.2 0.21 0 96 5.040

Terbacil 3.1E

- 07 soil spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 4 5.400

Thifensulfuron methyl 1.3E

- 10 foliar spray gr 0.2 0.25 0.35 1 0.413

Thiophanate

- methyl 1E

- 07 crop spray wp 0.5 0.25 0.35 37 22.200

Triadimefon 1.5E

- 08 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 7 9.450

Trichlorfon 2E

- 06 crop spray sp 0.8 0.12 0.35 36 29.880

Triclopyr 1.26E

- 06 foliar spray ec 0.8 0.56 0.35 454 1175.860

Trifluralin 1.1E

- 04 soil

incorporation ec 0.015 0.56 0.052 3 0.182

Vinclozolin 120.0099 spray ec 0.5 0.56 0.58 16 18.240

Z inc Phosphide 0 powder pellet 0.8 0.27 0 1 1.080

County Total 24529 23472.544

Emissions are calculated for each pesticide active ingredient per county and then summed.

Example calculation for the emissions from Pendimethalin pesticide use d in Al legany county.

Emis

Pendimethalin 1257 Lbs

x 0

. 3

5 lbs. VOC

+ 1257

x 0.6 x 0.56 year lbs. AI (1

- 0.6)

Emis

Pendimethalin = 1495.83 lbs. VOC / year

Emis

Pendimethalin = 1495.83 / 2000 = 0.7479 tons VOC / year

Emis

Pendimethalin = 0.7479 t ons VOC / year

The remaining pesticides used in Allegany County are calculated in a similar manner.

Results:

Since the EPA has released new guidance on the calculation of agricultural pesticide application,

the new methodology vastly differs from the method used in 1990. In the Maryland Ozone

Precursor Inventory for 1990 , Air and Radiation Management, MDE, September 1993, pesticide75

application for the state totaled 42 tons per day. This method assumed 90% volatilization of the

AI. The method also as sumed the inert carrier content to be 145% by weight of the AI. Another

major assumption is 100% volatilization of the inert carrier.

Since publication, the accuracy of the old pesticide methodology has been debated by different

groups. General though ts from scholars and private industry is that the old methodology over

predicts the volatility of the organics in the pesticide. The new methodology, presented here

requires many assumptions and uses data that takes account for the different vapor pressur es of

individual active ingredients. This method, along with some general assumptions, estimated

pesticide emissions at 8.7 tons per day for the state. The decrease is due to the change in

method, along with a decline in pounds of pesticides applied in t he state.

(While the state amount of overall pesticide used in 2011 was similar to 2008, the amount used

in each county for 2011 varied base on the number of harvested acres in each county)

.76

3.1.2.12 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use

SCC: 24 60 100 000 (Personal Care)

24 60 200 000 (Household)

24 60 400 000 (Automotive Aftermarket)

24 60 500 000 (Coatings and Related)

24 60 600 000 (Adhesives and Sealants)

24 60 800 000 (FIFRA

- Regulated)

24 60 900 000 (Miscellaneous Products)

Certain commercial/consumer uses of products containing volatile organics cannot easily be

identified by questionnaires, surveys or other inventory procedures yielding locale

- specific

emission estimates. This category includes the following sources: household products, toiletries,

aerosol products, rubbing compounds, windshield washing fluid, polishes, waxes, non

- industrial

adhesives, space deodorants, moth control agents and laundry detergents.

VOC and HAP s

The recommended emission factor that combines emissions from all these sources is 7.84 pounds

VOC per person per year, from EIIP Volume III , Area Sources, Preferred and Alternate Methods

(July, 1997). This emission factor excludes non

- reactive VOC and takes into account more

recent volatility levels based on product reformulation, than does AP

- 42 , Fifth Edition. MDE

used an activity level of 7 days a week and no seasonal adjustment factor as suggested in Table

5.8

- 1 in Procedures

.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau reports and collects population statistics for the counties of

Maryland. U.S. Census Bureau Internet address : ( http://www.census.gov ). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources77

Emission Factors:

Commercial and C onsumer Products (All) 7.84 lbs. VOC /person/year

Original EPA Per Capita VOC Emission Factors 36

, 37

Industry SCC 1996 Per Capita

VOC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC /person/year)

Personal Care Products 2460100000 2.32

Household Products 2460200000 0.79

Aut omotive Aftermarket Products 2460400000 1.36

Coatings and Related Products 2460500000 0.95

Adhesives and Sealants 2460600000 0.57

FIFRA

- Regulated Products 2460800000 178

Miscellaneous Products 2460900000 0.07

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Product s) = 7.84

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

Federal regulations provide a 20 percent reduction in emissions from a 3.9 lbs. VOC /person subset

of the total commercial and consu mer products category.

Commercial and consumer products are regulated by three separate category measures. The

three control measures are; the original Federal regulations, effective, OTC Phase I controls,

effective, and OTC Phase II controls effective. Each of the control measures are discussed

briefly below:

Control Set 1: Federal regulations provide a 20 percent reduction in emissions from 3.9 lbs.

VOC /person subset of the total commercial and consumer products category. This results in

following co ntrols per commercial and consumer solvent subcategory:

36 Source: Adapted from EPA, 1995

37 Emission factors are based on usage and population data for 1990. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls78 Per Capita VOC Emission Factors After Federal Rule

Product Category SCC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)c

Personal Care Products 24601000000 2.08

Household Products 2460200000 0 0.63

Automotive Aftermarket Products 24604000000 1.13

Adhesives and Sealants 24606000000 0.51

FIFRA

- Regulated Products 24608000000 1.68

Coatings and Related Products 24605000000 0.95

Miscellaneous Products 24609000000 0.07

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Products) = 7.06

Control Set 2 : OTC Phase I rule was based on the five CARB consumer products rules and

further e mission reductions of 14.20 % beyond federal regulation provided in control set one above.

This results in the following controls per commercial and consumer solvent subcategory:

Per Capita VOC Emission Factors After OCT Phase 1

Product Category SCC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)c

Personal Care Products 24601000000 1.79

Household Products 24602000000 0.54

Automotive Aftermarket Products 24604000000 0.98

Adhesives and Sealants 24606000000 0.43

FIFRA

- Regulated Products 24608000000 1.44

Coatings and Related Products 24605000000 0.82

Miscellaneous Products 24609000000 0.07

Total (All Commercial & C onsumer Products) = 6.06

Control Set 3 : OTC Phase II rule was based on the five CARB consumer products rules and

further e mission reductions of 2.0 % beyond federal regulation provided in control set one above.

This results in the following controls per commercial and consumer solvent subcategory:

Per Capita VOC Emission Factors After OCT Phase 2

Product Category SCC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)c

Personal Care Products 24601000000 1.752969579

Household Products 246020 00000 0.5268063

Automotive Aftermarket Products 24604000000 0.9571004

Adhesives and Sealants 24606000000 0.4269687

FIFRA

- Regulated Products 24608000000 1.4084942

Coatings and Related Products 24605000000 0.8047066

Miscellaneous Products 24609000000 0.0581146

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Products) = 5.9351604

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The per capita equation used to estimate emissions from commercial and consumer solvents is:

E CC = [ POP i x EF CC ]

- [ (POP i x CS CC ) x CE CC ]

2000

Where:

E CC = VOC emissions in tons per day from commercial and consumer s olvents

POP i = 2011 population of county i (Appendix A)

EF CC = VOC emission factor for commercial and consumer solvents (7.84 lbs. VOC /person)

CS CC = Controlled subset of commercial and consumer solvents (3.9 lbs. VOC /person)

CE CC = Control efficienc y for controlled subset of commercial and consumer solvents (20%)

2011 Sample Calculation All Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use (Anne Arundel County)

E CC = [ ( 544,403 38 ) x (7.84 39 ) ]

- [ ( 544,403 x 3.9 40 ) x

(0.20) 41 ]

2000

E CC = 1,615.560 tons VOC per year

38 2011 Population data from U.S. Bureau of Census, Population Estimates Branch (see Appendices)

39 Emission factor from EIIP Chapter 5 Commercial and Consumer Solvent Use

40 EPA me mo from John Sietz

41 EPA memo from John Sietz Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation80

3.1.2.12.1 Barge, Tank, Tank Truck, Rail Car and Drum Cleaning

SCC: 24 61 160 000

The EPA explained to MDE staff that the agency has not developed an emission factor for this

category. The EPA also stated that most barge, tank truck, rail car a nd drum cleaning is done by

steam cleaning and the residue goes to industrial and public waste disposal treatment plants. It is

impossible to separate this category's portion of the treatment plant emissions. EPA considers

the emissions from this categor y to be insignificant. Emissions from this category are calculated

for the appropriate facilities in the point source inventory.

3.1.3 BIOPROCESS EMISSIONS SOURCES

3.1.3.1 Bakeries

SCC: 23 02 050 000

Bakeries emit VOC, primarily ethanol formed by yea st fermentation of bread or dough, during

the baking process. Ethanol is emitted through a vent, along with combustion product gases.

Large commercial bakeries are inventoried as point sources. In

- store and neighborhood bakeries

have lower emissions, an d thus are considered area sources.

VOC

MDE staff followed methodology described in an EIIP Area Source Category Method Abstract

– Bakeries, dated June 1999 and an emission factor of 0.11 tons VOC per employee cited in an April

24, 1992 Technical Memorandum prepared by Radian Corporation for EPA. Applicable point

source emissions (those within the same NAICS) taken from the MDE/ARMA registration files

have been subtracted from the emissions calculated on a per employee basis ; and are presented

below.

Activity

Employee numbers were taken from County Business Patterns 2010

- Maryland , NAICS

311812, Bakery Products and 311811, Retail Bakeries (see Appendices). Some county

employment data is represented by a letter code in dicating a range for the number of

employees for that NAICS. In this case the arithmetic average number of employees per

letter code per county was adjusted so that the state total employment in a NAICS matched

the sum of the number of employees reported per county. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources81

Emission Factor

An emission factor of 0.11 tons VOC per employee cited in an April 24, 1992 Technical

Memorandum prepared by Radian Corporation for EPA was utilized.

Bakery emissions from facilities identified as poi nt sources (NAICS 311812 and 311811 ) were

subtracted from the area source inventory to avoid double counting.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from bakeries is:

Equation :

E BAK = EF BAK x EMPj

Where:

E BAK = VOC emissi ons from small bakeries in tons per year

EF BAK = per employee emission factor for bakeries

EMPj = number of employees at small (less than 20 employees), bakeries in county j Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation82

Point Source Adjustments

E BAK

- ADJ = EF BAK x EMPj Pt. Sources 42

Where:

E BAK

- ADJ = Point source adjusted bakery emissions

EF BAK = Calculated area source bakery emissions

EMPj Pt. Sources = Point Source Adjustment was done by subtracting employ ment for Baltimore

City related sources before calculating emissions.

2011 Sample Calculation for Bakery VOC Emissions ( Baltimore City ) :

Employees in NAICS 311811 and 311812 in Baltimore City : 1,362 emp

Employees in Baltimore City Bakeries : 947.16

EMPj Pt. Sources = 1, 362

- 947.16 emp

E BAK = 220 x 510.82 lb.s VOC per person per year

E BAK = 112,380 lb.s VOC per person per year

E BAK = (112,380 / 2000) tons VOC per year

E BAK = 56.19 tons VOC per year

42 Point Source Reduction from MDE ARMA registration files83

3.1.3.2 Breweries

SCC: 23 02 070 001

During the fermentation process, breweries emit ethanol an d other VOCs. Although large

- scale

commercial breweries have been inventoried as point sources, there are microbreweries and

brewpubs that emit lower levels of VOCs and therefore must be inventoried as area sources.

These smaller breweries emit most of th eir VOCs from the fermentation room, not the brew

kettle as is the case with the large breweries.

VOC

MDE/ARMA staff surveyed small brewpubs and microbreweries in Maryland.

Activity

The survey questionnaire asked the brewing facilities to provide MDE/ARMA with the

amount of barrels brewed per month for the calendar year 2011. For those facilities that

reported only annual production amounts, an average monthly value was used.

Emission Factor

Emissions from the small breweries were calculated using an emission factor cited in a

February 5, 1992 Technical Memorandum prepared by Radian Corporation for EPA. This

emission factor is 56.743 lbs. VOC per 1000 barrels produced. One barrel equals 31 gallons.

Note: Emf conve rsion is: 56.743 lb VOC/1000 barrels = 0.05674 lb/barrel = 0.0018303

lb/gal.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

T emporal

Allocations84

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from bakeries is:

E BREW = E F BREW x BPj

2000

Where:

E BREW = VOC emissions from small bakeries in tons per year

EF BREW = emission factor for small breweries

BPj = 2011 beer production in barrels

2011 Sample Calculation for Small Brewery VOC Emissions (Baltimore City) :

Num ber barrels produced by microbreweries in Baltimore City = 40 ,394.85

E BREW = 0.05674 x 40 ,394.85

2000

E BREW = 1 .146E

- 00 tons VOC per year Emissions

Calculation85

3.1.3.3 Wineries

SCC: 23 02 070 005

Ethanol emissions from wineries occur during the fermentation p rocess. The emissions vary,

depending upon the type of wine (red vs. white), the fermentation temperature and the sugar

content of the grapes used.

VOC

MDE used the methods and procedures documented in AP

- 42 43 , Chapter 12, Beverages, Section

2, Wines and Brandies dated September 1995. AP42 Chapter 9.12.2

Activity
The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, State

of Maryland Comptrollers Office, and direct survey of most of Maryland’ s wineries

revealed that approximately 351,819 gallons of wine was produced in 2011. The survey

suggests that 191,088 gallons of white and 160,731 gallons of red wine were actually

produced.

Emission Factor

Table 9.12.2

- 1 of AP

- 42 shows that ethanol emis sions are 1.8 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons of

white wine fermented and 4.6 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons of red wine fermented.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are avail able for this source category.

43 AP42, Chapter 9.12.2: Food and Agricultural Industries, Beverages, Wines and Brandies Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls86

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Emissions Calculation

Emission Factors:

White wine EMtotal = (191,088 gal. x 0.0018

lb.voc/gal.) / 2000

White wine EMtotal = 0.172 tons of ethanol

Red wine EMtotal = (160,731 gal. x 0.0046 lb.voc/gal.) / 2000

Red wine EMtotal = 0.370 tons of e thanol

Using the above figures, the production of wine by all Maryland wineries in 2011 resulted in the

production of 0.542 tons of ethanol.

3.1.3.4 Distilleries

Ethanol emissions are the largest component of the VOCs emitted from distilleries. Distilleries

produce both grain alcohol for industrial and fuel purposes, and distilled spirits such as whiskey

and brandy for consumption purposes. The emissions points in the distilled spirits

manufacturing process are likely to be the same as in brewer ies and wineries, with the aging

process as an additional source of emissions. During the aging process, ethanol and water seep

through the wooden barrels used to age whiskey and evaporate into the air. Aging and barrel

emptying are the major sources of VO C emissions from whiskey production.

VOC

MDE staff indicated that no distilleries below the 10 ton per year point source cutoff operated in

the inventory area during 20 11 . Fugitive VOC emissions from the aging process at large

distillery operations can be substantial and will be included in the point source inventory. Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

red = 0.0046 lb.voc/ga l.

white = 0.0018 lb.voc/gal.

Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources87

3.1.4 CATASTROPHIC/ACCIDENTAL RELEASES

3.1.4.1 Oil Spills

SCC: 28 30 000 000

Oil spills involve oil tanker accidents, tanker truck accidents, and spill s and blowouts from oil

rigs or pipelines in coastal and inland areas. Because a wide range of fuel types may be spilled,

the nature and quantity of emissions can vary. Emissions are also influenced by the clean

- up procedure and by dispersion and weather ing processes.

Oil spill evaporation produces local VOC emissions. If spills catch fire, additional SO2, CO,

CO2, PM, NOx and VOC emissions may result. Other potentially toxic chemical compounds

may also be released as a result of chemical cleanup

VOC

Activity

Data on oil spills in Maryland were obtained from MDE's Oil Control Program. They

provided MDE/ARMA staff a yearly report of all oil spills that occurred in Maryland

during 2011. Spills around Maryland totaled t o about 54,373 gallons.

Emission Factor

MDE staff used an emission factor recommended to the Metropolitan Washington Council

of Governments by E.H. PECHAN and Associates, Inc., the contractor used by MWCOG

to prepare their 1990 base year inventory. This e mission factor was based on a California

Air Resources Board (CARB), study of air emissions from large oil spills (over 10 million

gallons of oil). Based on this study, a range of evaporation estimates for reactive organic

gases was found to be between 5,5 00 and 13,000 tons. Using this information, an average

emission factor was calculated to be 0.0000925 tons VOC per gallon of oil spilled.

No point source adjustments were made.

No controls are available fo r this source category. Description

Pollu tants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls88

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate em issions from oil spills:

E Oil Spills = EF Oil Spills x GOSj

Where:

E Oil Spills = VOC emissions from oil spills in tons VOC per year

EF Oil Spills = tons of pollutant per gallon of oil spilled

GOSi = gallons of oil spilled in county I

2 011 Sample Calculation for Oil Spill VOC Emissions ( Prince George’s County ) :

Annual Emissions:

Number gallons oil spilled in Prince George’s County 2011: 5,958 gallons

E Oil Spills = (0.0000925) x (5,958)

E Oil Spills = 0.5511 tons VOC per year Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation89

3.1.4.2 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks / Soil Remediation

SCC: 26 60 000 000

Many underground storage tanks (USTs) are over 15 years old and are constructed of steel,

which may rust over time. The underground piping connected to these ta nks also has the

potential to leak. Leaking USTs (leaking underground storage tank sites or LUST sites) are of

concern because they may result in the contamination of drinking water, subsurface soils, and

ground and surface water, and may emit toxic and/or explosive vapors. The contaminated soil

and water may also emit VOC.

VOC

Activity

Emission calculation methods were taken from EIIP, AREA SOURCE CATEGORY

METHOD ABSTRACT

- REMEDIATION OF LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE

TAN KS, 2001. The numbers of LUST sites by county were obtained from MD E’s Oil

Control Program. No seasonal variation was assumed. Each remediation event takes an

average of 30 days; during this period emissions are released.

Emission Factor

An emissions factor of 28 lbs of VOC per day per site was used.

No point source adjustments were made.

No controls are available for this source category. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Contr ols

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations90

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

E LUST = LS1 j x EF x 30 day

2000 lb./ton

W here:

E LUST = VOC emissions in tons per year from leaking underg round storage tanks

LS1 j = number of remediation site(s) in county j

EF = emissions factor

2011 Sample Calculation for Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (Anne Arundel County)

No seasonal variation assumed

E LUST

- AA = 2 x 28 VOC lbs./da y x 30 day

2000 lb./ton

E LUST

- AA = 0.84 tons VOC per year Emissions

Calculation91

3.1.5 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, TREATMENT, AND RECOVERY

3.1.5.1 On

- site Incineration

SCC: 2601020000

On

- site incineration is the confined burning of waste on a small scale by institutions such a s hospitals, nursing homes, veterinary offices, funeral homes and laboratories. Large

- scale

incineration is included in the point source inventory.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM 10, PM 2.5, and HAPS,

In Maryland incinerators are r egulated under COMAR 26.11.08. Maryland began regulating

incinerators for control of particulates in the 1970's. In AQCRs III and IV single chamber

incinerators, the type that would be used for on

- site residential incineration, were banned. All

such inc inerators were rendered inoperative under the direction of the Maryland Department of

the Environment (MDE). Over 1700 small incinerators were eliminated under this requirement.

In the other Maryland counties included in the Washington, D.C. nonattainmen t area,

incineration of trash in on

- site incinerators is prohibited except in areas where public trash

collection is not provided.

COMAR 26.11.08.09 now requires all incinerators to obtain a permit to operate and any person

who owns or operates an inciner ator must obtain certification from MDE and renew the

certification annually.

MDE/ARMA maintains a registry of all incinerators within the State. Because of the

requirements prohibiting single chamber incinerators, the requirement for a permit to operate

, and the operator certification requirements, staff used the sum of the incinerators in the registry

as representing the total area source emissions from incinerators of all types emitting less than 10

tons/VOC, 100 tons/yr CO and 50 tons per year NO

x . I ncinerators from the registry with

emissions above these thresholds are included in the point source inventory.

No seasonality is applied. The emission factor is chosen by type of incinerator: waste,

pathological, hazardous, industrial, special medical, sewage sludge and municipal waste

combustors. The burn rate is determined by stack test or AP

- 42. Hours of operation and tons of

waste per day are supplied by the operator. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources92

3.1.5.2 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)

SCC: 26 30 020 000

Waste water is usu ally collected and treated at a public waterworks facility to be filtered and

reused or discharged into surrounding waterways. While the wastewater is held and being treated

VOCs are released into the air due to contaminates and byproducts in t he water.

VOC

The emissions from these facilities were calculated based on the method described in EPA EIIP

II Chapter 5 Section 5.1.

Activity

The amount of actual flow for each POTW in Maryland was supplied by th e MDE’s

Wastewater Management Administration (see Appendices). MDE staff multiplied this

amount by the emission factor listed to get VOC emissions from each POTW. The

individual POTW emissions were then totaled by county.

Emission Factor

EPA and ERTAC s upplied MDE with a new emission factor of 0.44 pounds VOC per million gallons of actual flow of wastewater discharged.

VOC stack emissions in the Air Management registration files from the Patapsco, Western

Branch, and Back River Wastewater Treatment Plants were subtracted from the totals below.

A seasonal adjustment factor of 1.4 was used when calculating ozone season or daily emissions

not yearly. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations93

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate yearly emissions from POTWs is:

E POTWY = ADF I J x EF POTW x 365 days

2000

For seasonal emissions:

E POTWS = ADF I J x EF POTW x SAF POTW

2000

Where:

E POTWY = VOC emissions in tons VOC per year from POTWs

ADF I J = Actual daily flow into POTW i in county j

EF POTW = VOC emission factor 44 for POTWs

SAF POTW = Seasonal adjustment factor 45 for peak ozone season which is 1.4

Plant operation is 365 days a year

2011 Sample Calculation for POTW VOC Emissions (Howard County) :

Little Patuxent Treatment Plant statistics 46 : Actual daily flow (MGD) 47 : 15.755

E POTWY = (15.7 55) x (0.44 lbs. VOC / gal) x 365 days

2000

E POTWY = 1.27 tons VOC / year

44 Emission factor taken from Procedures, Section 3.5.1

45 Seasona l adjustment factor taken from Procedures, Table 5.8.1

46 Supplied by the Maryland Water Management Administration (see Appendices)

47 MGD : Million Gallons per Day Emissions

Calculation94

3.1.5.3 Open Burning

– Land Clearing Debris

SCC: 26 10 000 500

Open burning of land clearing debris refers to the clearing of land for new construction and the

bur ning of organic material (i.e., trees, shrubs and other vegetation). The clearing of land for the

construction of new buildings and highways often results in debris consisting of trees, shrubs,

and brush. This debris may be burned in place but it is usual ly collected in piles for burning. The

burning of land clearing wastes may be practiced by private individuals, corporations, and

government agencies (e.g., highway construction department). There are no federal laws

restricting the open burning of land c learing wastes, although state or local laws may exist.

Residential open burning without a permit is prohibited under Maryland law ( COMAR

26.11.07 ) , where trash and leaf collection is available. The basic difference between the

regulation as it applies t o counties in AQCRs III and IV and the rest of the state is the

requirements under which the burn takes place, i.e., minimum setbacks from property lines, etc.

In the more rural counties, areas with no available trash collection are more prevalent. MDE

a dopted a regulation that prohibits open burning during the peak ozone period (June to August).

The seasonal prohibition only affects those counties that lie within serious and severe ozone

nonattainment areas. Certain exemptions must be in place however so as not to adversely affect

agriculture or restrict fire training and recreational activities. Commercial open burning without

a permit is prohibited in Maryland.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5

The method used to calculate emissions, is presented in EIIP 48 , Chapter 16, Open Burning

(Revised Final 2001).

Activity

The number of acres disturbed by residential, non

- residential and roadway construction are

estimated and then these values are added together to obtain a county

- level estimate of total

acres disturbed by land

- clearing. County

- level emissions from land clearing debris are then

calculated by multiplying the total acres disturbed by construction by a weighted loading

factor and emission factor.

The BELD data base in BEIS was used to determine the number of acres of hardwoods,

softwoods, and grasses in each county. Average loading factors were weighted according

to the percent contribution of each type of vegetation class to the total land area for each

county. The loading factors for slash hardwood and slash softwood were further adjusted

48 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources95

by a factor of 1.5 to account for the mass of tree that is below the soil surface that would

also be subject to burning once the land is cleared.

Fuel loading factors are as follows:

Fuel Type Fuel Load Factor

(tons/acre) Adjusted Load Factor

(tons/acre)

Hardwood 99 148.5

Softwood 57 85.5

Grass 4.5 4.5

Average fuel loading factors were calculated as follows:

LF OB

– LCD

– COi =

(Acres HW

- COi x LF Adj

- HW ) +(Acres SW

- COi x LF Adj

- SW ) +(Acres GR

- COi x LF Adj

- GR )

Acres TOT

- COi

LF OB

– LCD

– COi = Average Load Factor in County i

Acres HW

- COi = Acres of hardwood in County i from BELD database

LF Adj

- HW = Adjusted Load Factor for Hardwood

Acres SW

- COi = Acres of softwood in Co unty i from BELD database

LF Adj

- SW = Adjusted Load Factor for Softwood

Acres GR

- COi = Acres of grasses in County i from BELD database

LF Adj

- GR = Adjusted Load Factor for Grasses

Acres TOT

- COi = Total Land Acres in County i

Emission Factors 49

Emission factors in lbs. /ton were taken from AP

- 42 Table 2.5

- 1, Emission Factors for Open

Burning of Municipal Refuse and are listed below:

VOC 11.6 Lbs. VOC / ton

SOx 0.0 Lbs. SOx / ton

CO 169 Lbs. CO / ton

PM 10 17 Lbs. PM10 / ton

PM 2.5 17 Lbs. PM2.5 / ton

NOx 5 Lbs. N NOx / ton

Ozone Season Daily (OSD) emissions calculated by multiplying annual emissions by 0.25

then dividing by 92.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

49 Emissions factors for VOC NOx, CO, SO 2 , PM 10 and P M 2.5 were obtained from AP

- 42 Table 2.5

- 1. Point Source

Adjustments96

No contro ls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Emissions are temporally allocated to months or seasons by the number of permits issued

per month p er county.

Annual Emissions

E OB

– LCD

– Ann = AD R

- NR

- Road x LF OB

– LCD

– COi x EF OB i

2000

E OB

– LCD

– Ann = Annual emissions from open burning of land clearing debris

AD R

- NR

- Road = Acres disturbed from Residential, Non

- r esidential and Roadway

construction in the county

LF OB

– LCD

– COi = Average Load Factor in County i

FL HW

- SW

- G = Fuel loading factor for hardwoods, softwoods, and grasses

EF OB i = Open burning emission factor for pollutant i in lbs. / ton

Ozone S eason Daily Emissions

E OB

– LCD

– Day = E OB

– LCD

– Ann
4 x 92

E OB

– LCD

– Day = Ozone Season Daily emissions from open burning

E OB

– LCD

– Ann = Annual emissions from open burning of land clearing debris

4 = Number of seasons in the year

92 = Days in the season Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation97

3.1.5.4 Open Burning

– Residential Municipal Solid Waste

SCC: 26 10 030 000

Open burning is the unconfined burning of wood, leaves, land clearing debris, household waste,

and agricultural crop waste. Household waste is ofte n referred to as residential municipal solid

waste (MSW) ; a term for nonhazardous refuse produced by households (e.g., paper, plastics,

metals, wood, glass, rubber, leather, textiles, and food wastes).

Open burning without a permit is prohibited in Mary land where trash and leaf collection is

available, ( COMAR 26.11.07 ) . The basic difference between the regulation as it applies to

counties in AQCRs III and IV and the rest of the state is the requirements under which the burn

takes place, i.e., minimum se tbacks from property lines, etc. In the more rural counties, areas

with no available trash collection are more prevalent. MDE adopted a regulation that prohibits

open burning during the peak ozone period (June to August). The seasonal prohibition only

a ffects those counties that lie within serious and severe ozone nonattainment areas. Certain

exemptions must be in place however so as not to adversely affect agriculture or restrict fire

training and recreational activities.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions is presented in a study/survey conducted by the Mid

Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE

- VU), titled “Open Burning in Residential Areas

Emissions Inventory Developmen t Report.” 50

Activity

The purpose of the survey was to obtain data for developing activity estimates and control

information (e.g., bans on burning) that would form the basis of an improved open burning

emission inventory for Mid

- Atlantic/Northeast Visibil ity Union (MANE

- VU) states and

tribes for the year 2002. But for 2011, the percentages used to calculate emissions are the

same; the emissions increase or decrease due to the estimated number of households that

burn and the amount of material burned.

A rule effectiveness (RE) survey was also taken to estimate controlled emissions for areas

under restriction . Household waste burning surveys were completed for 72 respondents or

jurisdictions, while yard waste surveys were conducted for 181 respondents. Th e respondents for this survey were typically local fire wardens or chiefs. Rule effectiveness

surveys related to residential MSW rules were conducted for 49 respondents, while RE

50 Open Burning in Residential Areas Emissions Inventory Development Rep o rt, P repar ed by E.H. P ECHAN &

Associates, Inc. for the Mid

- Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, dated January 31, 2004. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources98

surveys for yard waste burning rules were performed for 51 respondents. In ob taining

survey responses, PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas

classified as urban, suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined

using data from the 2000 U.S. Census). PECHAN also developed a control data base for

each open burning category that describes the recommended control efficiency (CE) and

rule penetration (RP) values by state and county, and by sub

- county, where applicable.

Open burning activity estimates recorded from the survey were used direct ly to estimate

emissions for the surveyed jurisdictions. For the non

- surveyed areas, including tribal lands,

the default activity data derived from all survey responses were applied. Households are

defined as detached single

- family unit dwellings , and were updated by using the 20 11 U.S.

Census.

Emission Factors

Emission factors in lbs/ton total mass were taken from AP

- 42 Table 2.5

- 1 Emission

Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse and from a 1997 EPA research paper on

open burning 51 are listed below:

Type of PM2.5 PM10 VOC NOX SO2 CO

SCC Waste lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton

2610030000 HH MSW 34.8 38 8.56 6 1 85

2610000100 Leaf Waste 22 22 28 6.2 0.76 112

2610000400 Brush Waste 15.21 19.73 19 5 1.66 140

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

If an area has controls or prohibitions on residential burning, controlled emissions were

calculated from uncontrolled emissions using the following equation:

E c = E uc * [(1

- (CE)(RP)(RE)]

51 EPA. 1997. Evaluati on of Emissions from the Open Burning Of Household Waste in Barrels. EPA

- 600/R

- 97

- 134a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Control Technologies Center./ Research Triangle Park, North

Carolina. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls99

W here:

E c = Controlled area source emissions

E uc = Uncontrolled area source emissions

CE = % Control efficiency varied 0 to 100%

RP = % Rule penetration varied 0 to 100%

RE = % Rule effectiveness was 96.8%

The following sec tions describe how values for CE, RP and RE were derived from surve ys

.

Rule Effectiveness

PECHAN evaluated differences in RE between rural/suburban and urban areas, as well as

differences in RE for MSW and yard waste burning. Although one may expect that RE would be

higher for urban than for suburban or rural areas, ANOVA of the survey results from these

geographic subdivisions, as well as for the different open burning categories, did not show that

RE values were drawn from distinct populations. Therefore , the final selection of RE reflects a

value for all areas and all burning categories.

There were a total of 26 RE survey responses that included information on the number of

violating households. To calculate RE, PECHAN used the number of households viol ating the

rule, and the number of households expected to perform open burning for areas in the region

where there is no rule (i.e., # households x fraction of open burning households by region from

survey).

The RE values obtained from the survey response s will be used for the specific State or

jurisdiction surveyed. Non

- surveyed areas could not be assigned a jurisdiction

- specific RE

because no responses were obtained

. PECHAN did not develop state specific RE value. They

believe d that local jurisdictions in individual states implemented their rules the same as local

jurisdictions in the MANE

- VU region. To estimate a default RE value for the remaining areas,

the survey data were statistically analyzed. After evaluating the data using the Census 2000 data,

a mean value of 96.8 percent reflected the best estimator of central tendency. As such, PECHAN

applied a rule effectiveness of 96.8 percent to all areas and for both MSW and yard waste

burning ( PECHAN , 2002b).

Control Efficiency and Rule Penetration

For t hose areas identified to have a control, CE is assumed to be 100 percent (since the control is

typically a ban on burning activity). For MSW burning, with the exception of Pennsylvania,

PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and 100 percent RP to urban and suburba n areas in the

MANE

- VU region (i.e., even if the state did not have a statewide ban on burning). In

Pennsylvania, unless a jurisdiction or county (e.g., Allegheny County) was determined via

survey to have a ban, it will be assumed that suburban and rural a reas allow open burning. For

yard waste burning, PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and RP to all urban areas in the MANE

VU region. Yard waste emissions calculated for suburban and urban areas were assumed to be

uncontrolled, unless the survey data or other s tatewide or local control information indicated

otherwise. For municipal yard waste burning areas were assumed to either perform this activity100

and have associated emissions, or did not conduct burns and therefore were assigned zero

emissions.

In determinin g annual emissions for those areas with a seasonal ban, PECHAN adjusted the RP

by the length of the seasonal ban relative to the entire year. The RP value also depends on how

the time period of the ban overlaps with the activity profile for the specific ca tegory of burning.

For example, for brush waste burning, the survey data revealed an average activity profile as

follows: Winter

– 20%; Spring

– 46%; Summer

– 6%; and Fall

– 28%. So, for an area that has a brush

burning ban in the summer, although some percentage of burning is likely to be prevented during

this season, we assume that 2 percent of the summer season brush burning in August is delayed

until September when burning is permitted, resulting in an RP of 4 percent to apply to annual

brush waste burning emis sions. As mentioned in the discussion of temporal allocation profiles,

this also has an affect on the monthly activity profile. A summer RP value of 4 percent would

result in a revised temporal allocation profile to be: Winter

– 20%; Spring

– 46%; Summer

– 4%;

a nd Fall

– 30%.

Control Percentages used for each county:

STATE CO SCC RE RP CE

24001 2610030000 96.80% 82.61% 82.61%

24003 2610030000 96.80% 93.62% 100%

24005 2610030000 96.80% 94.80% 100%

24009 2610030000 96.80% 60.29% 100%

24011 2610030000 96.80% 28 .57% 28.57%

24013 2610030000 96.80% 100% 100%

24015 2610030000 96.80% 62.50% 100%

24017 2610030000 96.80% 68.75% 100%

24019 2610030000 96.80% 33.33% 33.33%

24021 2610030000 96.80% 71.88% 100%

24023 2610030000 96.80% 14.29% 14.29%

24025 2610030000 96 .80% 80% 100%

24027 2610030000 96.80% 92.68% 100%

24029 2610030000 96.80% 40% 40%

24031 2610030000 96.80% 98.31% 100%

24033 2610030000 96.80% 100% 100%

24035 2610030000 96.80% 25% 100%

24037 2610030000 96.80% 40% 40%

24039 2610030000 96.80% 50% 50%

24041 2610030000 96.80% 33.33% 33.33%

24043 2610030000 96.80% 0% 0%

24045 2610030000 96.80% 94.12% 94.12%

24047 2610030000 96.80% 75% 75%

24510 2610030000 96.80% 0% 0%101

Spatial

PECHAN collected activity data and contr ol information for areas classified as urban,

suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined using data from the

2000 U.S. Census).

Temporal

Activity estimates and associated emissions are calculated on an annual basis. PECHAN

propos es the following temporal allocation profiles to represent monthly, weekly, and daily

activity profiles by SCC (see Tables II

- 2 through II

- 5). The monthly activity profiles were

developed based on data obtained from the survey. The weekly and weekday/weeke nd

profiles were developed based on engineering judgment. These profiles will be applied to

annual activity for all areas of MANE

- VU (i.e., variations in regional, State, or tribal areas

are not accounted for).

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (monthly )

SCC Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2610030000 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083

2610000400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0 .093 0.067

2610040400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067

2610000100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.333 0.333 0.333 0.000

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (weekly)

SC C Day of Week

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

2610030000 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610000400 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610040400 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.000 0.000

2610000100 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0. 222

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekday)

SCC Weekday Hour

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

SCC Weekday Hour

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 20 00 2100 2200 2300 0000

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.07 1 0 0 0 0

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations102

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekend day)

SCC Weekend Day Hour

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200

261 0030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.0 71 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

SCC Weekend Day Hour

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0000

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0. 071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

Emissions were calculated at a census tract level and summed over a county for county level

emissions. A county level sample emission calculation will not be presented here, however the

equations for a particular census tract are presented below. All of the census tracts in a county

w ould then be summed for county level emission estimates.

The equation for estimating the mass of waste burned is:

Where:

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

HH = Number of households that burn (Question 1, Part 2 of survey)

Bt = Number of burns per time period (Question 3, Part 2)

M = Mass of waste per burn (Question 5, Part 3)

Uncontrolled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

E UNC = Wt MSW * EF

W here:

E UNC = Uncontrolled area sourc e emissions

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

EF = Emission factor per pollutant

Controlled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

E C = E UNC * [(1

- (CE)(RP)(RE)]

where: E C = Controlled area source emissions

E UNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions Emissions

Calculation103

3.1.5.5 Open Burning

– Residential Yard Waste

SCC: 26 10 000 100 (Leaf Debris)

SCC: 26 10 000 400 (Brush Debris)

Open burning is the unconfined burning of wood, leaves, land clearing debris, household waste,
and agricultural crop waste. Household waste often referred to as residential municipal solid

waste (MSW), is a term for nonhazardous refuse produced by households (e.g., paper, plastics,

metals, wood, glass, rubber, leather, textiles, and food was tes).

Open burning without a permit is prohibited in Maryland where trash and leaf collection is

available, COMAR 26.11.07. The basic difference between the regulation as it applies to

counties in AQCRs III and IV and the rest of the state is the requi rements under which the burn

takes place, i.e., minimum setbacks from property lines, etc. In the more rural counties, areas

with no available trash collection are more prevalent. MDE adopted a regulation that prohibits

open burning during the peak ozone period (June to August). The seasonal prohibition only

affects those counties that lie within serious and severe ozone nonattainment areas. Certain

exemptions must be in place however so as not to adversely affect agriculture or restrict fire

training a nd recreational activities.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions is presented in a study/survey conducted by the Mid

Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE

- VU), titled “Open B urning in Residential Areas

Emissions Inventory Development Report.” 52

Activity

The purpose of the survey was to obtain data for developing activity estimates and control

information (e.g., bans on burning) that would form the basis of an improved open bur ning

emission inventory for Mid

- Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE

- VU) states and

tribes for the year 2002. But for 2011, the percentages used to calculate emissions are the

same; the emissions increase or decrease due to the estimated number of hou seholds that

burn and the amount of material burned.

A rule effectiveness (RE) survey was also taken to estimate controlled emissions for areas

under restriction . Household waste burning surveys were completed for 72 respondents or

jurisdictions, while yard waste surveys were conducted for 181 respondents. The

respondents for this survey were typically local fire wardens or chiefs. Rule effectiveness

surveys related to residential MSW rules were conducted for 49 respondents, while RE

52 Open Burning in Residential Areas Emissions Inventory De velopment Rep ort, Prepar ed by E.H. P ECHAN &

Associates, Inc. for the Mid

- Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, dated January 31, 2004. Description

P ollutants

Method and

Data Sources104

surveys for yard wa ste burning rules were performed for 51 respondents. In obtaining

survey responses, PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas

classified as urban, suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined

using data from t he 2000 U.S. Census). PECHAN also developed a control database for

each open burning category that describes the recommended control efficiency (CE), rule

penetration (RP) values by state per county, and by sub

- county, where applicable.

Open burning activ ity estimates recorded from the survey were used directly to estimate

emissions for the surveyed jurisdictions. For the non

- surveyed areas, including tribal lands,

the default activity data derived from all survey responses were applied. Households are

def ined as detached single

- family unit dwellings , and were updated by using the 20 11 U.S.

Census.

Emission Factors

Emission factors in lbs/ton total mass were taken from AP

- 42 Table 2.5

- 1 Emission

Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse and from a 1997 EPA research paper on

open burning 53 are listed below:

Type of PM2.5 PM10 VOC NOX SO2 CO

SCC Waste lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton

2610030000 HH MSW 34.8 38 8.56 6 1 85

2610000100 Leaf Waste 22 22 28 6.2 0.76 112

2610000400 Brush Waste 15.21 19.73 19 5 1.66 140

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

If an area has controls or prohibitions on residential burning, controlled emissions were

calculated from uncontrol led emissions using the following equation:

E c = E uc * [(1

- (CE)(RP)(RE)]

53 EPA. 1997. Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning Of Household Waste in Barrels. EPA

- 600/R

- 97

- 134a. U.S. En viron mental Protection Agency, Control Technologies Center / Research Triangle Park, North

Carolina Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls105

W here:

E c = Controlled area source emissions

E uc = Uncontrolled area source emissions

CE = % Control efficiency varied 0% to 100%

RP = % Rule penetration varied 0% to 100%

RE = % Rule effectiveness 96.8%

The following sections describe how values for CE, RP, and RE were derived from survey s

.

Rule Effectiveness

PECHAN evaluated differences in RE between rural/suburban and urban areas, as well as

differences in RE for MSW and yard waste burning. Although one may expect that RE would be

higher for urban than for suburban or rural areas, ANOVA of the survey results from these

geographic subdivisions, as well as for the different open burning categories, did not show that

RE v alues were drawn from distinct populations. Therefore, the final selection of RE reflects a

value for all areas and all burning categories.

There were a total of 26 RE survey responses that included information on the number of

violating households. To ca lculate RE, PECHAN used the number of households violating the

rule, and the number of households expected to perform open burning for areas in the region

where there is no rule (i.e., # households x fraction of open burning households by region from

surve y).

The RE values obtained from the survey responses will be used for the specific State or

jurisdiction surveyed. Non

- surveyed areas could not be assigned a jurisdiction

- specific RE

because no responses were obtained

. PECHAN did not develop state specif ic RE value. They

believe d that local jurisdictions in individual states implemented their rules the same as local

jurisdictions in the MANE

- VU region. To estimate a default RE value for the remaining areas,

the survey data were statistically analyzed. A fter evaluating the data using the Census 2000 data,

a mean value of 96.8 percent reflected the best estimator of central tendency. As such, PECHAN

applied a rule effectiveness of 96.8 percent to all areas and for both MSW and yard waste

burning ( PECHAN , 2 002b).

Control Efficiency and Rule Penetration

For those areas identified to have a control, CE is assumed to be 100 percent (since the control is

typically a ban on burning activity). For MSW burning, with the exception of Pennsylvania,

PECHAN assigned 1 00 percent CE and 100 percent RP to urban and suburban areas in the

MANE

- VU region (i.e., even if the state did not have a statewide ban on burning). In

Pennsylvania, unless a jurisdiction or county (e.g., Allegheny County) was determined via

survey to hav e a ban, it will be assumed that suburban and rural areas allow open burning. For

yard waste burning, PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and RP to all urban areas in the MANE

VU region. Yard waste emissions calculated for suburban and urban areas were assumed to be

uncontrolled, unless the survey data or other statewide or local control information indicated

otherwise. For the municipal yard waste burning category , areas that perform ed this activity ha d

associated emissions, or did not conduct burns and therefo re were assigned zero emissions.106

In determining annual emissions for those areas with a seasonal ban, PECHAN adjusted the RP

by the length of the seasonal ban relative to the entire year. The RP value also depends on how

the time period of the ban overlaps with the activity profile for the specific category of burning.

For example, for brush waste burning, the survey data revealed an average activity profile as

follows: Winter

– 20%; Spring

– 46%; Summer

– 6%; and Fall

– 28%. So, for an area that has a brush

burnin g ban in the summer, although some percentage of burning is likely to be prevented during

this season, we assume that 2 percent of the summer season brush burning in August is delayed

until September when burning is permitted, resulting in an RP of 4 perce nt to apply to annual

brush waste burning emissions. As mentioned in the discussion of temporal allocation profiles,

this also has an affect on the monthly activity profile. A summer RP value of 4 percent would

result in a revised temporal allocation profi le to be: Winter

– 20%; Spring

– 46%; Summer

– 4%;

and Fall

– 30%.

Spatial

PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas classified as urban,

suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined using data from the

2000 U.S. Census).

Temporal

Activity estimates and associated emissions are calculated on an annual basis. PECHAN

proposes the following temporal allocation profiles to represent monthly, weekly, and daily

activity profiles by SCC (see Tables II

- 2 through II

- 5). The monthly activity profiles were

developed based on data obtained from the survey. The weekly and weekday/weekend

profiles were developed based on engineering judgment. These profiles will be applied to

annual activity for all areas of MANE

- VU (i.e., variations in regional, State, or tribal areas

are not accounted for).

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (monthly)

SCC Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2610030000 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083

2610000400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067

2610040400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067

2610 000100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.333 0.333 0.333 0.000

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (weekly)

SCC Day of Week

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

2610030000 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610000400 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610040400 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.000 0.000

2610000100 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222 Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations107

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekday)

SCC Weekday Hour

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0. 071

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

SCC Weekday Hour

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0000

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

Temporal All ocation Profile Formats (daily; weekend day)

SCC Weekend Day Hour

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.0 71 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071

SCC Weekend Day Hour

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 21 00 2200 2300 0000

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0

Emissions were calculated at a census tract level and summed over a county for county level

emissions. A county level sample emission calcula tion will not be presented here, however the

equations for a particular census tract are presented below. All of the census tracts in a county

would then be summed for county level emission estimates.

The equation for estimating the mass of waste burned is:

Where:

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

HH = Number of households that burn (Question 1, Part 2 of survey)

Bt = Number of burns per time period (Question 3, Part 2)

M = Mass of waste per burn (Question 5, Part 3) Emissions

Calculation108

Uncontrolled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

E UNC = Wt MSW * EF

W here:

E UNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

EF = Emission factor per pollutant

Controlled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

E C = E UNC * [(1

- (CE)(RP)(RE)]

W here:

E C = Controlled area source emissions

E UNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions

CE = % Control efficiency/100

RP = % Rule penetration/100

RE = % Rule effectiven ess/100109

3.1.5.6 Cremation

– Animal and Human

SCC: 28 10 060 100 (Humans)

28 10 060 200 (Animals)

Propane

- fired burners (afterburner and ignition) are typically used at cemeteries for human body

and animal cremation. Burners are us ually rated at 2,115,000 Btu per hour capacity. Newer units

installed in the late 1980's are equipped with a modulating ignition burner. When afterburner

temperatures reach about 1800 F (980 C), the ignition burner modulates to a low

- fire mode that

will re duce the Btu per hour usage.

When the crematory reaches an operating temperature of 1,250 F (680 C) the body container is

placed on the combustion chamber grate and the ignition burner is fired to attain a target

combustion temperature sufficient for the proper reduction of human remains. The chamber

preheats by the afterburner reaches 1,250 F (680 C) in about 30 to 45 minutes prior to ash

removal. When the body container is introduced into the combustion chamber, and the burner is

ignited, cremation begin s at about 1600 to 1800 F (870 to 980 C). Flame impingement on the

body takes two to three minutes; cremation occurs for about two hours. The remains are then

raked towards the ignition burner for about two minutes. Cool

- down follows for 45 minutes to

1.5 hours.

HAPs (Criteria Pollutants were not calculated)

The method used to calculate emissions, is presented in “Documentation for the 1996 Base Year

National Toxics Inventory for Area Sources” prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. (May 31,

2001) and distributed by U.S. EPA Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division, Emission

Factor and Inventory Group.

Activity

In Maryland crematories are regulated under COMAR. COMAR now requires all

crematories to obtain a permit to operate and any person who owns or operates an

crematory must obtain certification from MDE and renew the certification annually.

MDE/ARMA maintains a registry of all crematories within the State. Because of the

requirement for a permit to operate, and the operator certification requirements, staff used

the sum of the crematories in the registry as representing the total area source emissions

from crematories of all types emitting less than 10 tons/VOC, 100 tons/yr CO and 50 tons

per year NO

x . Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources110

Emissio n Factors

Emission factors these hazardous air pollutants, except formaldehyde, were taken from the

State of California Air Resources Board Test Report No. C

- 90

- 004 54 . The emission factor

used for formaldehyde was reported in the USEPA FIRE 55 system databas e.

Emission factors were converted to a pound per ton basis using the procedure provided by

the Emission Standards Division 56 . National activity was provided by the Emissions

Standards Division based on an assumed body weight of 150 pounds and informati on reported by the Cremation Association of North America 57 that 21.13 percent of bodies

were cremated and that there were 2,322,265 deaths in the United States in 1996 58

.

Pollutant Animal and Human Cremation

Emission Factor

Lbs. pollutant / ton cremated

arsenic 4.00E

- 04

beryllium 1.84E

- 05

cadmium 1.48E

- 04

chromium 3.99E

- 04

formaldehyde 2.89E

- 09

nickel 5.09E

- 04

POM as 16

- PAH 9.63E

- 04

POM as 7

- PAH 1.03E

- 09

Mercury 4.39E

- 02

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

54 State of California Air Resources Board, Engineering Evaluation Branch, Monitoring and Laboratory Division.

“Evaluation Test on Two Propane Fired Crematories at Camellia Lawn Cemetary.” Test Report No. C

- 90

- 004.

October 29, 1992

55 U.S. EPA. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) System Database, Version 5.1a. Research Triangle Park, NC.

September 1995.

56 Crume, Richard, U.S. EPA, Emission Standards Division. No te to Anne Pope, U.S. EPA/Emissions Monitoring

and Analysis Division. Comments on Human and Animal Cremation information in the “Baseline Emission

Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources

– Interim Final Report,” September 18, 1998. October 30, 1998.

57 Cremation Association of North America. 1996 Statistics as found on the Internet Cremation Society, Cremation

Stats Nationwide webpage: www.cremation.org/stats.htm

58 Ventura, S. et al. “Births and Deaths: United States, 1996.” Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 64, No. 1,

Supplement 2. Setpember 11, 1997. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Dieseas Control

and Prevention, National Center for Health and Statistics. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls111

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation for estimating emissions from crematories is:

W here:

E CREM = Annual emissions from crematories

TON cty = Tons cremated per year in county

EF = Emission Factor per pollutant (lbs/ton)

2011 Sample Calculation (Harford County)

Arsenic Annual Emissions:

TON cty = 226.67

EF = 0.0004 lbs Arsenic/Ton Cremated

E CREM = ( 226.67 ) x (0.0004)

(2000 lbs/ton)

E CREM = 4.53E

- 05 tons Arsenic per year Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation112

3.1.5.7 Municipal S olid Waste Landfills

SCC: 26 20 030 000

Municipal solid waste landfills receive household and commercial trash. VOC emissions are

produced from volatilization, chemical reaction and biological decomposition of waste. Methane

and Carbon dioxide are the primary constituents of landfill gas, and are produced during

anaerobic decomposition of cellulose and proteins in the land filled waste. 98.7 percent of

landfill emissions are methane and carbon dioxide according to the Volatile Organic Compound s Species Data Manual , an EPA publication. In addition to methane and carbon dioxide, non

methane organic carbons (NMOCs) are produced as a small fraction of the landfill gas emissions

(less than 1%). NMOCs include hazardous air pollutants and reactive VOC s.

VOC

The method used to calculate emissions, is presented in AP

- 42 , Chapter 2.4, Municipal Solid

Waste Landfills and EIIP 59 , Volume III, Chapter 15, Landfills, dated September 1997.

Emission estimation assumptions were also made using supporting documents Standards of

Performance for New Stationary Sources (NARA, 1991a) and Emission Guidelines for Control

of Existing Sources (NARA, 1997b).

To estimate emissions for the various compounds present in landfill gas, total landfill gas

emissions must first be estimated. Emissions of landfill gas were calculated using a computer

program known as the Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM 3.02). The model equation is

as follows:

Where:

Q CH4 = annual methane generation in the year of the calculation (m 3 /year)

i = 1 year time increment

n = (year of the calculation)

- (initial year of waste acceptance)

j = 0.1 year time increment

k = methane generation rate (year

- 1 )

L

o = potential methane ge neration capacity (m 3 /Mg)

59 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources113

M i = mass of waste accepted in the i th year (Mg)

t ij = age of the j th section of waste mass M i accepted in the i th year (decimal years, e.g.,

3.2 years)

Site

- specific landfill information is generally available for variables M i , n , and t ij . A more

detailed explanation on how to run the model can be found in the LandGEM 3.02 Users Guide at

http://www.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/landgem

- v302

- guide.pdf

.

Landgem Mode l Parameters AP

- 42 Default Values

Lo : 100.00 m 3 / Mg Methane Generation Potential

k : 0.0400 1/yr Decay Rate/Rate of Decomposition

NMOC : 595.00 ppmv Non

- methane Concentration

Methane : 50.00 % volume

Carbon Dioxide : 50..00 % volume

Activ ity
Data was obtained from MDE’s Solid Waste Program and from the landfill facilities

directly.

Emission Factors

All factors are incorporated into the LandGEM model

.

Thirteen municipal solid waste landfills were considere d point sources and LandGEM model

runs for these landfills were done, but keep out of the Area source emission estimates.

Emission reductions were calculated for landfills that used control technology to reduce

emissions.

Controlle d emissions from landfills were calculated in the following manner:

Equation:

E CON

- LF = {E UNC

- LF x (1

– C EFF )} + {E UNC

- LF x C EFF x [1

– (D EFF x RE)]}

Where:

E CON

- LF = Controlled emissions from landfills

E UNC

- LF = Uncontrolled emissions from l andfills (generated from the LandGEM model)

C EFF = Landfill collection efficiency (EPA default = 75%)

D EFF = Control device destruction efficiency (98%)

RE = Rule effectiveness (EPA default 80%)

Data for spatial and temporal allocation is not available for this source. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations114

3.1.6 SMALL STATIONARY SOURCE FOSSIL FUEL USE

3.1.6.1 Small Electric Utility Boilers

All small electric utility boilers are inventoried in the point source category. The list of small

boilers from Inventory of Power Plants in the United States , DOE/EIA

- 0095(88) was obtained

and indicated that all small electric boilers were included in the point source inventory.

3.1.6.2 Other Fuel Consumption

Coke and process gas emissions will be inventoried as point sources.115

3.1.6.3 Fuel Oil Combustion

SCC: 21 04 011 000 (residential kerosene)

21 03 011 000 (commercial/institutional kerosene)

21 04 004 000 (residential distillate oil)

21 03 004 000 (commercial/institutional distillate oil)

21 03 005 000 (commercial/institutional r esidual oil)

Data collection for fuel oil consumption covers the use of both distillate and residual oil.

Distillate oil includes fuel oil grades 1,2 and 4. Diesel fuel and kerosene also can be considered

as distillate oils. Residential and com mercial/institutional sources are the largest consumers of

distillate oil, nationwide. Residual oil includes fuel oil grades 5 and 6. In most areas residual oil

is not used by residential sources, but industrial and commercial/institutional users may consu me significant amounts.

PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

Activity

Total sales statistics of kerosene, distillate oil, and residual oil in the State of Maryland

were obtained from the Annual Report on Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene, 2011, published

by Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy 60

.

Emission Factors

Uncontrollled Emission Factors

– AP

- 42 Tables 1.3

- 1 and 1.3

- 3 (hand

- fed units)

Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Commercial C ommercial

Distillate Kerosene Distillate Kerosene Residual Residual 1% S

lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal

PM10

- FIL 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080 13.494 7.703

PM2.5

- FIL 0.830 0.830 0.830 0.830 5.011 2.861

PM

- CON 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.3 00 1.500 1.500

NH3 1.000 1.000 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

SO2 43.200 41.657 43.200 41.657 318.000 159.000

NOx 18.000 18.000 20.000 20.000 55.000 55.000

CO 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000

VOC 0.713 0.713 0.340 0.340 1.130 1.130

60 Total residential di stillate oil use in the State of Maryland in 2011 from U.S Department of Energy, Energy

Information Administration, Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, "Annual Report on Sales of Fuel

Oil and Kerosene, 2011". Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources116

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

This information on total sales of kerosene, distillate oil and residual oil was broken down

to the county level using a spatial allocation factor documented and recommended by

EIIP 61 in an Area Source Method Abstract for Residential and Commercial/Institutional

Fuel Oil and Kerosene combustion.

MDE developed an allocation fact or from local and state totals of annual heating

- degree

days and population with fuel oil to spatially allocate fuel oil consumption. The method is

A “heating

- degree day” is a unit of measure used to indicate how cold it has been over a

24

- hour period. Daily heating

- degree days are calculated as the difference between the

base value of 65°F and the mean temperature for the day (mean of the high and low

temperatures for the day).

Annual heating degree days are the sum of the daily heating degree days. He ating degree

data is available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA). 62

Where:

SAF InventoryCounty = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county

HDD InventoryCounty = Annual heating degree da ys for inventory county

POP InventoryCounty = Population of the inventory county

HDD County = Annual heating degree days for each county in the state

POP County = Population for each county in the state

61 Emissions Inventory Improveme nt Program (EIIP) Area Source Method Abstract

– Residential and

Commercial/Institutional Fuel Oil and Kerosene Combustion, dated April 2011.

62 http://www.noaa.gov (home page) or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html#PUBS (for a list

of a vailable data) Point Source

Adjustme nts

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations117

The spatial apportioning factor is used to al locate the state fuel total to the county level using

the following equation:

Fuel INVENTORY COUNTY = SAF INVENTORY COUNTY x Fuel TOTAL STATE

Where:

Fuel INVENTORY COUNTY = Total Fuel consumed annually in the inventory county

Fuel TOTAL STATE = Total Fu el consumed annually in the state

Temporal

Kerosene, distillate oil, and residual oil are almost entirely used for space heating. MDE

made the assumption that the amount of fuel consumed in a county over the course of a

month is proportional to the numbe r of heat degree days in that county for the month.

The total amount of fuel consumed in the county annually is allocated from state totals

using the following formula.

Where:

Fuel InventroyCountyAnnual = Total Fuel consumed a nnually in the inventory county

Fuel TotalState = Total Fuel consumed annually in the state

The amount of fuel consumed in a month per county is proportional to the number heat

degree days for the month in the county divided by the total number heat deg ree days for

the year in the county.

Activity Data Gathered

 Total amount of fuel (kerosene, distillate oil, and residual oil) consumed in the

state.

 Number of heat degree days per county per month for the y ear of the inventory.

Calculate Spatial Apportioning Factor Emissions

Calculation118

Apportion State Fuel Consumption to the County Level

F I

- CTY = SAF CTY x F ST (see Appendices)

Where

F I

- CTY = Fuel type I consumed in county

SAF CTY = S patial apportioning factor for inventory county

F ST = Total fuel consumed in the state.

Calculate Annual Emissions

Emissions were calculated in tons/year for residential, commercial and industrial categories

from each type of fuel combustion using foll owing equations.

EM R = (F I

- CTY x EF R ) / 2000

Where

EM R = Emissions from residential category.

F I

- CTY = Total annual residential sales of fuel i in the county.

EF R = Residential emission factor for fuel i from AP

- 42

EM C = (F I

- CTY x EF C ) / 2000

Where

EM C = Emissions from commercial/institutional category.

F I

- CTY = Total annual commercial/institutional sales of fuel i in the county.

EF C = Commercial emission factor for fuel i from AP

- 42.

Residential Distillate Oil Com bustion Sample Calculation (Baltimore City)

Residential Distillate Oil Consumed State of Maryland = 6,143 63 kilogallons

Spatial apportioning factor for Baltimore City:

SAF Baltimore City = HDD Baltimore City x POP Units Heating Baltimore City 64

 ALL C OUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x POP Units Heating State )

SAF Baltimore City = 0.089899

To calculate the total annual kilogallons of distillate oil used in city of Baltimore for residential

space heating:

Fuel Baltimore City = SAF Baltimore City x Fuel TOTAL STATE Fuel Baltimore City = 0.089899 x 6,143,000

63 From EIA: Adjusted Sales for Residential End Use: Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene, 2011 (Thousand Barrels)

64 Population data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, The Maryland Department of Planning.119

Fuel Baltimore City = 552.25 kilogallons

Annual Emissions Calculation

E Baltimore City

– Res

- VOC = Fuel Baltimore City x EF VOC

E Baltimore City

– Res

- VOC = 552.25 x 0.713

E Baltimore City

– R es

- VOC = 393.75 lbs VOC / year

E Baltimore City

– Res

- VOC = 0.1969 tons VOC / year

All pollutants (PM, SOx, NOx, VOC, and CO) are calculated in a similar manner.

Commercial and industrial emissions from this source category are calculated in a simi lar

manner with the exception that the number of days in an ozone season changes from 214 for

residential to 168 for commercial and industrial. Residential ozone season days are based on 7

days per week activity

. C ommercial and industrial ozone season da ys are based on 6 days per

week activity.120

3.1.6.4 Coal Combustion

SCC: 21 04 002 000 (Residential Coal)

SCC: 21 03 002 000 (Commercial/Institutional Coal)

This source category covers air emissions f rom coal combustion in the residential sector.

Bituminous coal, mined here in Maryland, represents the bulk of the coal used residentially for

space heating in the State. Although mined nearby in Pennsylvania, readily available, and

cleaner burning, anth racite coal is not used much in Maryland because of its expense.

PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

Activity

The following assumptions were made in the computation of emissions from coal

combustion from the residential so urces.

(i) Number of Dwelling Units using Coal

The number of dwelling units using coal for space heating for 2011 was obtained from 1990

Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and Housing; the

number of new housing units aut horized for construction between 1990 and 2011 was

obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning

– New Residential Units Authorized for

Construction by Building Permits ( http://www.op.state.md.us) . MDE estimated th at no new
housing units would be equipped to burn coal as a home heating fuel.

COMAR 26.11.09.04 prohibits the use of solid fuel

- burning equipment that has a rated heat

input of less than 35 million BTU per hour.

(ii) Residential Coal Activity Consumption D ata

The State Energy Data Report, Consumption Estimates, by the Energy Information

Administration, provided information on estimated coal consumption. The report indicates

that in Maryland mostly bituminous coal was used in 2011. It was assumed, therefo re, that

bituminous coal was consumed by most of the hand

- fired residential coal sources in the State

of Maryland. Description

Residential

Coal

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources121

Emission Factors

Emission factors were obtained from AP

- 42 , Tables 1.1

- 3 and 1.1

- 4 (Residential

- hand

- fed

units) and PM2.5 from ERTAC

.

Coal Emission Factors

NOx CO VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI SO2

(lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton)

Residential 9.1 275 10 6.2 3.84 37.2

Maryland’s 2008 average sulfur content in coal = 1.2% Sulfur DOE/EIA State Electricity

Profil es 2008, March 2010 Table 6. page 124

AP42 Table 1.1

- 19 (hand fed units) Emission factor SO2 = 31S

In formula S = 1.2, such that SO2 EF =31*1.2 = 37.2 lb/ton

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

MDE developed an allocation factor from local and state totals of annual heating

- degree

days and housing units heating with coal to spatially alloc ated coal consumption. The

method is documented and recommended by EIIP 65 in an Area Source Method Abstract for

natural gas and LPG combustion. Because the emission factor was specifically adjusted to

reflect seasonal emissions through heating degree days, no further seasonal adjustment

factor is necessary.

A “heating

- degree day” is a unit of measure used to indicate how cold it has been over a

24

- hour period. Daily heating

- degree days are calculated as the difference between the

base value of 65°F and the mean temperature for the day (mean of the high and low

temperatures for the day). Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment s

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations122

Annual heating

- degree days are the sum of the daily heating

- degree days. Heating degree

data is available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration

(NO AA). 66

Where:

SAF INVENTORY COUNTY = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for inventory county

CHU INVENTORY COUNTY = Housing units using coal in inventory county

HDD COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for each county in the state

CHU COUNTY = Housing units using coal for each county in the state

The spatial apportioning factor is used to allocate the state fuel total to the county level using

the followi ng equation:

Coal INVENTORY COUNTY = SAF INVENTORY COUNTY x Coal TOTAL STATE

Where:

Coal INVENTORY COUNTY = Total Coal fuel consumed in the inventory county

Coal TOTAL STATE = Total Coal fuel consumed in the state.

Temporal

MDE assumed that all r esidential coal combustion is used for space heating purposes. The

total coal consumed in the county can be allocated by month or period using proportions of

annual and monthly (or period) heating

- degree days.

Residential Fuel MONTH = Residential Fuel ANNUAL x HDD MONTH

HDD ANNUAL

W here:

Residential Fuel MONTH = Space heating fuel use for inventory month

Residential Fuel ANNUAL = Space heating fuel use for inventory year

HDD MONTH = Heating degree days for inventory month

HDD ANNUAL = Heating degree days for inventory year

66 http://www.noaa.gov (home page) or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html#PUBS (for a list

of available data)123

Equation:

E COALR = (EF COAL i x Coal INVENTORY COUNTY )

2000

E COALR = Yearly emissions from residential coal combustion

EF COAL i = Emission factor for coal combustion for polluta nt i

Residential Coal Combustion Sample Calculation (Allegany County) (tons / year)

Total Residential Coal Consumption

– State of Maryland 2,000 tons

To calculate spatial apportioning factor for Allegany County:

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY = HDD INVENTORY COU NTY x CHU INVENTORY COUNTY  ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x CHU COUNTY )

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.2013417

To calculate tons of coal used in Allegany County:

Residential Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY x Coal TOTAL STATE Residential Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.2013417 x 2,000

Residential Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 402.68 tons

Equation:

Residential Coal SO2 Emission Calculation for Allegany County

E COALR = 7.490 tons SO2 year Emissions

Calculation

E COALR = (EF COAL SO2 x Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY )

2000

E COALR = (37.2 x 402 .68 )

2000124

Commercial and Institutional sources of coal combustion above the point source threshold are

included in the point source portion of the inventory. Th e following table lists area source

emissions from commercial and institutional sources smaller than the threshold values.

The following assumptions were made in the computation of emissions from coal combustion

from the commerci al and institutional sources not included in the point source inventory.

Activity

(i) Coal Consumption Data

The State Energy Data Report (SEDR) estimated that approximately 31,000 tons/year of total

coal was used commercially by Maryland in 2011.

(ii) Number of Dwelling Units using Coal

The number of dwelling units using coal for space heating for 2011 was developed from

1990 Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and Housing.

The number of new housing units authorized for c onstruction between 1990 and 2011 was

obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning

– New Residential Units Authorized for

Construction by Building Permits ( http://www.op.state.md.us) . MDE estimated that no new

hou sing units would be equipped to burn coal as a home heating fuel.

COMAR 26.11.09.04 prohibits the use of solid fuel

- burning equipment that has a rated heat

input of less than 35 million BTU per hour.

Emission Factors

EMISSION FACTORS WER E OBTAINED FROM AP

- 42, TABLES 1.1

- 3 AND VOCS

(TNMOC) TABLE 1.1

- 19 (AVERAGE OF OVERF EED AND UNDERFEED ST OKER). PM10

AND PM2.5 EF ON TABL ES 1.1

- 10 AND 1.1

- 11

Coal Emission Factors

NOx CO VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI SO2

(lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton ) (lbs./ton)

Commercial /

Institutional 8.5 8.5 0.675 6.1 3 41.4 Description

- Commercial and

Institutional Coal

Methods and

Data Sources125

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Spatial temporal allocation s to this source category were calculated in the same manner as

the residential coal combustion category.

Temporal

Spatial and temporal allocation s to this source category were calculated in the same

manner as the residential coal combustion category.

Commercial Coal Combustion Sample Calculation (Allegany County) (tons / year)

Total Commercial Coal Consumption

– State of Maryland 16,000 tons

To calculate spatial apportioning fact or for Allegany County:

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY = HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x CHU INVENTORY COUNTY  ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x CHU COUNTY )

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.351336

To calculate tons of coal used in Allegany County:

Commercial Coal ALLEGA NY COUNTY = SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY x Coal TOTAL STATE Commercial Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.351336 x 16,000

Commercial Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 5,621.38 tons Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

A llocations

Emissions

Calculation126

Equation:

Commercial Coal VOC Emission Calculation for Allegany County

E COALC = 1.897 tons VOC year E COAL C = (EF COAL VOC x Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY )

2000

E COALC = (0.675 x 5,621.38 )

2000127

3.1.6.5 Natural Gas Combustion

SCC: 21 04 060 000 (Residential Natural Gas)

SCC: 21 03 060 000 (Commercial/Institutional Nat ural Gas)

This source category covers air emissions from natural gas combustion in the residential and

commercial/institutional sectors for space heating, water heating, and cooking. This category

includes small boilers, furnaces, heaters and other heating units that are not inventoried as point

sources. Residential and commercial sectors comprise housing units; wholesale and retail

businesses; health institutions; social and educational institutions; and Federal, state and local

government in stitutions (e.g., military installations, prisons, office buildings). Natural gas is one

of the major fuels used throughout the country. It is used mainly for power generation, for

industrial process steam and heat production, and for domestic and commer cial space heating. It

is also used for domestic cooking and hot water heating.

PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SOx, NOx, CO, NH3, VOC

The following assumptions were made in the computation of the emissions from natural gas

combustion.

Activity

(i) Number of Dwelling Units using Natural Gas

The number of dwelling units using natural gas for space heating for 2011 was developed

from 1990 Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and

Housing. The number of new housing units authorized for construction between 1990 and

2011 was obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning

– New Residential Units

Authorized for Construction by Building Permits ( http://www.op.state.md.us) . The total

number of additional housing units constructed in the county was apportioned to type of

home heating fuel by the same ratio as the 1990 Census figures.

(ii) Residential and Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Consumption Data

Total residential and commercial/institutional natural gas consumption data in the State of

Maryland for 2011 was obtained from surveying the following companies: Baltimore Gas

and Electric ( Constellation Energy Group ), Washington Gas Energy Services (Maryland Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources128

Division), Ch esapeake Utilities Corporation, Columbia Gas of Maryland, Easton Utility

Commission, and Elkton Gas Company. The companies provided natural gas sales

statistics for the year 2011 in therms or cubic feet for all counties in their service area for

the resid ential, commercial, and industrial categories. These statistics were then converted

into million cubic feet using a conversion factor of 1 therm equals 100 cubic feet.

Emission Factors

(iii) Emission Factors

– Natural Gas

Emission factors for residential natu ral gas cam e from 2008 Emission Inventory Data &

Documentation ( http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) Nonpoint section

for Residential Heating: Natural Gas factors for com bustion of natural gas in commercial

boilers are presented in Table 1.4

- 1 and 1.4

- 2 of Section 1.4 of AP

- 42 . Commercial factors

came from the ICI Workbook on the same website created by EPA and ERTAC committee

through a joint study.

Natural Gas Emission Factors

Nox CO VOC PM 10 PM 2.5 NH3 Sox

(lbs./10 6 scf) (lbs./10 6 scf) (lbs./10 6 scf) (lbs./10 6 scf) (lbs./10 6 scf) (lbs./10 6 scf) (lbs./10 6 scf)

Residential 94 40 5.5 0.2 0.11 20 0.6

Commercial 100 84 5.5 0.2 0.11 0.49 0.6

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The natural gas survey of suppliers provided MDE with county totals for natural gas

consumption. Therefore MDE did not have to use an allocation factor derived from local

and state totals of annual heating degree days and housing units heating with natural gas to

spatially allocated natural gas consumption to the county leve l for most of the counties. Point Source

Adjustme nts

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations129

Temporal

In addition to space heating, natural gas is often used for cooking and water heating. For

ozone and other seasonal inventories, consumption for cooking and water heating may be

assumed to be constant through the year , but fuel used for space heating must be

apportioned according to heating needs.

To separate residential space heating natural gas usage from cooking and water heating,

MDE used data from the State Energy Data Report, Consumption Estimates, Energy

Infor mation Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. Department of

Energy. Specifically data was collected from Table 15

– Natural Gas Deliveries to

Residential Customers, by State, 1998

- 2011. The residential deliveries for the month with

the lowest deliveries can be assumed to be only for cooking and water heating. The

percentage of residential natural gas consumption for cooking and water heating may then

be calculated:

Annual Non

- Space

Heating Percent = 12 * Lowest Monthly Fuel Use * 100 Annual Fuel Use

Annual Non

- Space

Heating Percent = 12 * 1635 * 100 80,447

Annual Non

- Space

Heating Percent = 24.389 %

The annual non

- space heating percent can be calculated in a similar manner for

commercial/institutional natural gas usage . The percentage of commercial/institutional natural

gas consumption for non

- space heating may then be calculated:

Annual Non

- Space

Heating Percent = 12 * Lowest Monthly Fuel Use * 100 Annual Fuel Use

Annual Non

- Space

Heating Percent = 12 * 2440 * 100 65323

Annual Non

- Space

Heating Percent = 44.823 %

This percentage may be applied to the inventory area’s total residential and/or

commercial/institutional natural gas consumption to calculate the non

- space heating portion

of usage. This portion can be subtracted from the annual total, and the remaining

consumption, which is being used for space heating, can be allocated by month or period

using proportions of annual and monthly or period heating degree days.

Space Heat Fuel MONTH = Space Heat Fuel ANNUAL x HDD MONTH

HDD ANNUAL

Where:

Space Heat Fuel MONTH = Space heating fuel use for inventory month

Space Heat Fuel ANNUAL = Space heating fuel use for inventory year130 HDD MONTH = Heating degree days for inventory month

HDD AN NUAL = Heating degree days for inventory year

Emission Calculation

– Residential Emissions

Equation:

E NatGas = Yearly emissions from natural gas combustion

EF NatGas

- P = Emi ssion factor for natural gas combustion for pollutant i

NG i = Natural gas consumed for county i

Total Residential Natural Gas Consumption

– Baltimore City 67 13,700.31 M ft 3

Total Natural Gas Delivered ( M ft 3 )

Residential Commercial

State of Maryland 77,411.73 61,737.32

E NatGas 37.68 tons VOC year

The same equation and methodology can be used to estimate emission of various po llutants.

3 Natural gas consumption data gathered from MDE survey

– Baltimore County data from BGE Emissions

Calculation

E NatGas = (EF NatGas

- P x NG i )

2000

E NatGas = (EF NatGas

- voc x NG Bato.City )

2000

E NatGas = (5.5 x 13,700.31)

2000131

3.1.6.6 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Combustion

SCC: 21 04 007 000 (Residential LPG)

SCC: 21 03 007 000 (Commercial/Institutional LPG)

This source category covers air emissions from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) combustion in the

resident ial and commercial sectors for space heating, water heating, or cooking. LPG includes

propane, propylene, butane, and butylenes. The product used for domestic heating is composed

primarily of propane. This category includes small boilers, furnaces, heate rs and other heating

units that are not inventoried as point sources. Residential and commercial sectors comprise

housing units; wholesale and retail businesses; health institutions; social and educational

institutions; and Federal, state and local governm ent institutions (e.g., military installations,

prisons, office buildings).

PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SOx, NOx, CO, NH3, VOC

The following assumptions were made in the computation of the emissions from liquefied

petroleum gas (LP G) combustion.

Activity

1. Number of Dwelling Units using LPG

The number of dwelling units using LPG for space heating for 2011 was developed from

1990 Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and

Housing. The number of new housing units authorized for construction between 1990 and

2011 was obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning

– New Residential Units

Authorized for Construction by Building Permits ( http://www.op.state.md.us)

. The total

number of additional housing units constructed in the county was apportioned to type of

home heating fuel by the same ratio as the 1990 Census figures.

2. Residential and Commercial LPG Activity Consumption Data

Total residential and commercial LPG consumption data for space heating in the State of

Maryland (LPG ST ) for 2011 were obtained from State Energy Data Report, Consumption

Estimates, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets, and End Use,

U.S. Department of Energy. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources132

Emi ssion Factors

Emission factors for LPG came from 2008 Emission Inventory Data & Documentation

( http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) Nonpoint section f or Residential

Heati ng: LPG Com bustion Table 1. Commercial factors came from the ICI Workbook on the

same website created by EPA and ERTAC committee through a joint study. Factors have been

rounded to one and two decimal places.

LPG Emission Factors

NOx CO VOC PM10

- FIL

(lbs./kbbl) PM2.5

- FIL

(lbs./kbbl) NH3

(lbs./kbbl) SO2

(lbs./kbbl) (lbs./kbbl) (lbs./kbbl) (lbs./kbbl)

Residential 562.8 159.6 21.91 0.8 0.44 1.95 2.39

Commercial 597.66 334.74 21.84 0.84 0.42 2.1 2.52

No subtraction of em issions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

MDE developed factor s from local and state totals of annual heating degree days and housing

units that heat with liquid propane gas ; to spatially allocate liquid propane gas consumption.

The method is documented and recommended by EIIP 68 in an Area Source Method Abstract

for natural gas and LPG combustion.

A “heating degree day” is a unit of measure used to indicate how cold it has been over a 24

- hour period. Daily heating degree days are calculated as the difference between the base

value of 65°F and the mean temperature for the day (mean of the high and low temperatures

for the day).

68 Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) Area Source Method Abstr act

– Natural Gas and LPG

Combustion, dated 2011 Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations133

Annual heati ng degree days are the sum of the daily heating degree days. Heating degree data

is available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 69

SAF INVENTORY COUNTY = HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x LP

- HU INVENTORY COUNTY  ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x LP

- HU COUNTY )

Where:

SAF INVENTORY COUNTY = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for inventory county

LP

- HU INVENTORY COUNTY = Housing units using LP gas for inventory c ounty

HDD COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for each county in the state

LP

- HU COUNTY = Housing units using LP gas for each county in the state

The spatial apportioning factor is used to allocate the state fuel total to the county level

using t he following equation:

LPG INVENTORY COUNTY = SAF INVENTORY COUNTY x LPG TOTAL STATE

Where:

LPG INVENTORY COUNTY = Total LPG fuel consumed in the inventory county

LPG TOTAL STATE = Total LPG fuel consumed in the inventory county

Temporal

In additio n to space heating, liquid propane gas is often used for cooking and water heating.

For ozone and other seasonal inventories, consumption for cooking and water heating may be

assumed to be constant through the year, but fuel used for space heating must be apportioned

according to heating needs.

Emission Calculation

E LPGi = Yearly emissions from liquid propane gas combustion in county i

EF LPG p = Emission factor for LPG combus tion for pollutant p

LPG County i = LPG consumed for space heating in county i

69 http://www.noaa.gov (home page) or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html#PUBS (for a list

of available data) Emissions

Calculation

E LPGi = (EF LPG p x LPG County i )

2000134

2011 Residential LPG Combustion Sample Calculation (Baltimore City) (tons/year)

Total Residential LPG Consumption

– State of Maryland 2,023 thousand barrels (kbbl)

To calc ulate spatial apportioning factor for Baltimore City:

SAF BALTIMORE CITY = HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x LP

- HU INVENTORY COUNTY  ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x LP

- HU COUNTY )

SAF BALTIMORE CITY = 4,705 x 2,080

300,519,851

SAF BALTIMORE CITY = 0.032565

To calculate thousand barrels of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used in Baltimore City:

Residential LPG BALTIMORE CITY = SAF BALTIMORE CITY x LPG TOTAL STATE Residential LPG BALTIMORE CITY = 0.032565 x 2,023

Residential LPG BALTIMORE CITY = 65.88 kbbl

Equation:

E LPGi = 0.7217 tons VOC per year E LPGi = (EF LPG voc x LPG County i )

2000

E LPGi = ( 21.91 x 65.88 )

2000135

3.1.6.7 Wood Combustion

SCC: 21 04 008 000 (Residential Wood Combustion)

This sou rce category covers air emissions from wood combustion in the residential sectors

primarily for space heating and aesthetics. The inventory includes emission estimates for indoor

wood

- burning equipment (e.g. fireplaces, woodstoves, pellet stoves, furnaces /boilers) and

outdoor wood burning equipment (e.g. outdoor fireplaces, fire pits, wood

- fired barbecues,

chimneys).

NOx, CO, VOC, PM 10 , PM 2.5, NH3, SO2, and HAPs

Maryland’s Residential Wood Combustion Emission Inventory was calculated using a new EPA

emissions estimation tool called the, RWC TOOL. A detailed explanation of how activity data

and emission factors were developed in order to predict emissions for several states can be read

in Appendix X. A collection of su rveyed, census, housing tract, equipment use, and wood

burned data was used in the tool along with EPA’s estimation methodologies and statistics to

create an emissions profile for Maryland that can be used repeatedly with a few periodic updates.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

To produce county

- level temporal profiles, the same proces s used to go from response

level profiles to group

- level profiles was used to go from group profiles to county profiles.

Activity or emissions for each census tract were assigned to each temporal unit based on Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point So urce Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations136

the tract level temporal profiles. These value s were then summed across all tracts in the

county and normalized to give activity fractions.

Temporal

Temporal allocation profiles were also developed for this project using the residential

wood survey data. Profiles were first developed for each sample group. Activity (for

outdoor equipment) or emissions (for indoor equipment) for each respondent was divided.

The following RWC methodology comes directly from E.H. PECHAN memo on how

emission calculations were made for the category.

CALCULATION METH ODOLOGY AND UPDATES

The emissions from RWC are calculated using the Equation 1 below.

E y = u × EF

y × (1

- CF

y ) (Eq. 1)

Where y is a specific pollutant and:

E y = annual emissions (ton/year) for a specific appliance (or SCC);

u = annual activity (tons of fuel burned);

EF y = emission factor (tons of pollutant emitted/mass of fuel used); and

CF y = control factor.

Each of the terms in Equation 1 and their sources are explained further below.

Activity (u): Methodologies for determining the activity varied by the type of RWC appliance. Activity for the

majority of appliance types was derived from census data.

Fireplaces, Inserts, and Woodstoves
For the first method, which applies to fireplaces, fireplace inserts, and woodstoves, activity in terms of tons o f fuel

burned was calculated based on several factors as shown in Equation 2 below.

u = P × AP × WBP × CP × UR × BR × D (Eq. 2)

Where:

P = Number of occupied housing units in a county in 2011;

AP = Percentage of occupied housing units for a specific app liance category (e.g., woodstoves used as main

heating equipment, fireplaces without inserts used for other heating, etc.);

WBP = Wood

- burning percentage

– percentage of wood burned for each purpose from AHS;

CP = Certification Profile

- percentage of a specific appliance category per SCC (e.g., for woodstoves:

uncertified, certified catalytic, certified non

- catalytic);

UR = Urban or Rural adjustment

– Profile adjustment based on county population density;

BR = Burn rate (cords/year); and

D = average d ensity of the wood fuel burned.137

3.1.6.8 Commercial Cooking

SCC: 2302002100 (Conveyorized Charbroiling) 2302003000

2302002200 (Under

- fired Charbroiling) 24608000000

2302003000 (Deep Fat F r ying)

2302003100 (Flat Griddle Frying)

2302003200 (Clamshell Griddle Frying)

This source category covers air emissions from commercial cooking in the Maryland area(s).

These emissions (i.e. emissions from commercial cooking of meat s) represent the “greatest

sources of commercial cooking emissions. In particular, emissions of particulate matter (PM) and

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most significant. Of the cooking processes that have

been identified, charbroiling is the most important air pollutant emissions contributor” 70 . It

follows that this category includes the following meat sources: hamburger, steak, fish, pork, and

chicken. And the five equipment types: chain

- driven (conveyorized) charbroilers, under

- fired

charbr oilers, deep fat fryers, griddles, and clam shell griddles.

PM, PM

10 , PM

2.5 , CO, VOC, HAPs

The recommended methods for calculating emissions and emission factors to commercial

cooking possessing sources was obtain from PECHAN Technical Memorandum (December

2003) and EIIP Web site Volume III , Area Sources document series methods and web link:

http://www.epa.gov/ttnchi e1/eiip/techreport/volume03/charbroilingtechmemo_122303.pdf

. http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei13/pointarea/roe.pdf

.

Activity

Total number of restaurants came from Coun ty Business Patterns 2010

- Maryland,

NAICS: 7221, Full

- Service Restaurants and 72213, Limited Service Restaurants. Base

year 2010 Restaurants statistics for Maryland’s counties were collected from the U.S.

Census Bureau Internet Website address

( http://w ww.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html ). Table 3.7.1.8

- a shows CBP total

number of Maryland c ounty restaurant s . MDE staff calculated the percent of county

restaurant types (i.e. Ethnic Food, Fast Food, Family Food, and Seafood) reported in the

PECHAN Tec hnical Memorandum. Table 3.7.1.8

- b shows the percent of each restaurant

type per county calculated from the PECHAN Technical Memorandum. This percentage

was applied to the total number of restaurants collected from the County Business Patterns

to determin e the number of each type of restaurant facility in each county 1

, 71 . Table

70 Source: Adapted from PECHAN December 2003 Commercial Cooking Processes Tec hnical Memorandum.

71 Source: Adapted from County Business Patterns (CBP) and U.S. Census Bureau 2010 reports. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources138

3.7.1.8

- c gives average number of equipment pieces by restaurant type. Table 3.7.1.8

- d

shows average pounds of meat cooked on each type of equipment per week (lbs/week).

And Table 3.7.1.8

- e gives e mission factors (lb/ton meat).

Table 3.7.1.8

- a 2010 CBPs’

Total Number of County

Rest.

County Name NAICS Code

7221 & 72213

Allegany 57

Anne Arundel 423

Baltimore CO 500

Calvert 66

Caroline 13

Carroll 116

Cecil 66

Charles 9 0

Dorchester 20

Frederick 166

Garrett 30

Harford 150

Howard 210

Kent 34

Montgomery 733

Prince George’s 324

Queen Anne’s 45

St Mary’s 69

Somerset 14

Talbot 59

Washington 111

Wicomico 80

Worcester 189

Baltimore City 415

3 Total may not be multiplier and divisional because of rounding.139 Table 3.7.1 .8

- b Percent of Each County Restaurant Type 3

County Name Ethnic Fast Food Family Seafood Steak & Barbeque

Allegany 17 27 8 0 5

Anne Arundel 115 202 49 42 14

Baltimore CO 148 240 58 39 14

Calvert 15 27 10 10 3

Caroline 2 9 1 1 13

Carroll 23 69 17 4 3

Cecil 15 34 8 5 3

Charles 25 45 14 9 5

Dorchester 3 13 4 8 1

Frederick 44 79 29 11 3

Garrett 3 16 10 0 1

Harford 35 80 13 15 7

Howard 71 110 16 8 5

Kent 3 14 10 7 0

Montgomery 332 314 50 16 22

Prince George’s 97 168 24 20 16

Queen Anne’s 3 21 1 17 2

St Mary’s 12 28 11 11 7

Somerset 0 6 3 5 0

Talbot 11 27 6 13 2

Washington 27 56 16 10 1

Wicomico 22 34 8 12 3

Worcester 46 80 19 35 9

Baltimore City 109 238 29 32 9

Note: Divide decimal numbers in Table 3.7.1.8

- b by 100 to change % into fra ction values.

Table 3.7.1.8

- c Percent of Restaurants with each type of cooking equipment 1, 2

Restaurant Category Chain

- Driven

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest Underfired

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest. Deep

- Fat Fryers (dff)

Rest. Flat

Griddles

(fg) Rest. Clamsh ell Griddles

(cg) Rest.

Ethnic 3.5 47.5 81.9 62.7 4

Fast Food 18.6 30.8 96.8 51.9 14.7

Family 10.1 60.9 91.4 82.9 1.4

Seafood 0 52.6 100 36.8 10.5

Steak & Barbeque 6.9 55.2 82.8 89.7 0140 Table 3.7.1.8

- d Average Number of Equipment Pieces by Restauran t Type 1, 2

Restaurant Category Chain

- Driven

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest Underfired Charbroilers

(ufc)

Rest. Deep

- Fat

Fryers (dff)

Rest. Flat Griddles

(fg) Rest. Clamshell

Griddles (cg) Rest.

Ethnic 1.62 1.54 1.63 1.88 1.8

Fast Food 1.07 1.58 3.1 1.43 2.09

Family 1.71 1.29 2.34 2.03 0

Seafood 0 1.1 2.47 1.11 1.5

Steak & Barbecue 0 1.63 2.42 1.35 0

Table 3.7.1.8

- e Average Pounds of Meat Cooked on Each Type of Equipment Per Week 1 , 2

(lbs/week)

Type of Meat Chain

- Driven

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest Underfi red

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest. Deep

- Fat Fryers

(dff)

Rest. Flat Griddles (fg)

Rest. Clamshell Griddles

(cg) Rest.

Steak 236 180 181 166 94

Hamburger 798 270 274 362 1314

Poultry, with

Skin 147 144 365 88 113

Poultry, Skinless 266 179 208 111 108

Pork 57.6 148 58.6 112 118

Seafood 119 143 159 92.1 632

Other 0 41.5 274 57.5 0

Emission Factors

Table 3.7.1.8

- f Emission Factor (lb/ton meat ) 1 , 2

Equipment Type (fuel) SCC Meat/Food PM PM10 PM2.5 CO NOX VOC

Under fired

charbroil er (charcoal)

(ufc) Rest. 2302002200 Beef 16.2 15 14.2 327 4.8 9.4

Beef (marinated) 19 18.4 17.4 335.2 7.2 11.6

Chicken (marinated) 19.6 18.8 18.2 315.8 8.4 9

Under fired

charbroiler (natural

gas) (ufc) Rest. 2302002200 Hamburger (25%fat) 65.4 65 .4 63.8 27.44 0 7.88

Steak 34.4 34.4 33.6 9.94 0 1.72

Chicken (whole) 21.0 21.0 19.8 9.68 0 3.64

Seafood 6.6 6.6 6.4 0 0 0.76

Conveyorized

Charbroiler (natural

gas) (cdc) Rest. 2302002100 Hamburger (21%fat) 14.8 14.8 14.6 16.58 0 4.54141

Deep fat fryer (natural

gas) (dff) Rest. 2302003000 Shoestring potatoes 0 0 0 0 0 0.42

Breaded chicken 0 0 0 0 0 0.24

Breaded fish 0 0 0 0 0 0.28

Griddle (electric) (fg)

Rest. 2302003100 Hamburger (24%

fat) 10 10 7.6 0.76 0 0.14

Chicken (boneless

breas t) 0 0 0 0.9 0 0.8

Seafood 0 0 0 0 0 0.22

Double

- sided

(clamshell) Griddle

(electric) (cg) Rest. 2302003200 Hamburger (24%

fat) 1.7 1.7 1.44 0 0 0.02

Chicken 0 0 0 0 0 0.114285714

Seafood 0 0 0 0 0 0.031 428571

No point source subtraction of emissions.

No adjustments for controls in Maryland for this source.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is the nu mber of restaurant per county from CBPs’.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The following steps were used to calculate commercial cooking emissions for Maryland:

i. Multiply total restaurants in a c ounty (i.e. from CBPs’ data source) by percent (%) type

of restaurant (i.e. from PECHAN document) Table 3.2.6.8

- a

, and Table 3.2.6.8

- b.

ii. Multiply county

- level facility counts by the fraction (i.e. percent) of restaurants with each

type of cooking equipment (Table 3.2.6.8

- c).

iii. Multiply number of restaurants with each type of cooking equipment by number of pieces

of equipment (Table 3.2.6.8

- d).

iv. Sum number of pieces of cooking equipment across restaurant types.

v. Multiply total summed number of pieces of cooking e quipment per restaurant types by

average pounds of meat cooked on each type of equipment per week (Table 3.2.6.8

- e). Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation142

vi. Finally, multiply results from v by emission factor (lb/ton meat) (Table 3.2.6.8

- f) and

divided emission values by 2000 by 365 for daily lb s/ton unit

.

B poe

Where:

E CC = Commercial Cooking Emissions in pound (lbs) per tons (i.e. Activity data times

E F meat type) for county per restaurant food type and equipment type SCC.

N = Total number of food restaurants in county (see CBP report 2004).

Frac

n = Fraction of restaurant type for that type of cooking equipment.

B poe = N umber of food restaurants for SCC with restaurants type of equipment.

Dtn = Total number of restaurants type of equipment at food restaurant.

Sum all, = Total number of summed of pieces of cooking equipment across restaurant typ e.

Meat type = Total pounds per week of meat type cooked on restaurants equipment in county.

EF meat type = Meat type e mission factor (lb/ton meat).

Example 2011 Commercial Cooking Emission Calculation for Baltimore County, Fast Food

Res taurant Type, SCC 2302002100, Chain

- Driven Charbroiler ( Conveyorzed ). Note: Emissions

are calculated for only a particular county, restaurant, food equipment, and food type. In order to

determine emission for a particular county, all emission for meat type s must be summed at the

equipment level and multiply by the appropriate meat type emission factor.

Step i.

E 3 BC,cdc,

FFood,PM = 500 * (48/100) = 240.00

Step ii.

E 3 BC,cdc,

FFood,PM = 240.00*(18.6/100 ) = 44.64

Step iii.

E 3 BC,cdc,

Fast food, PM = 44.64 * 1.07 = 47.7648

Step iv.

Sum all,

E 3 BC,cdc,

Fast food, PM = 47.7648 E CC = (N*(Frac

n /100))* D
tn * Sum all * Meat type * EF meat type / 2000143 Step v.

E 3 BC,cdc,

Fast food, PM = 47.76 * 240.00 = 11,262.40

Step vi.

E 3 BC,cdc,

Fast food, PM = (11,462.40 * 3.891)/2000

= 22.30

E 3 BC,cdc,

Fast Food, PM10

- PRI = 22.30 tons per year

3.1.7 FUGITIVE SOURCES

Other area sources include forest fires, slash and prescribed burning, agricultural burning,

structure fires, orchard heaters, leaking underground storage tanks and natural organic sources.

Although often intermittent in nature, man y of these sources can produce large quantities of air

pollutant emissions.

3.1.7.1 Residential Construction Activity

SCC: 23 11 010 000

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from residential construction activities.

PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and HAPs

Activity

For residential construction, housing permit data for single

- family units, two

- family units,

and apartments were obtained at the county level from the U.S. Department of

Commerce’s (DOC) Bureau of the Census.

Estimated the number of buildings in each category, and then estimated the total acres

disturbed by construction by applying conversion factors to the housing start data for each

category as follows: Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources144

• Single

- family 1⁄4 acre/building

• Two

- family 1⁄3 acre/building

• Apartment 1⁄2 acre/building

Housing construction PM10 emissions are calculated using an emission factor of 0.032

tons PM10/acre/month, the number of housing units created a units

- to

- acres conversion

factor, and the duration of constructio n activity. The duration of construction activity for

houses is assumed to be 6 months.

Apartment construction emissions are calculated separately using an emission factor of

0.11 tons PM10/acre/month; with a 1 2 months period assumed for apartment constru ction.

For areas in which basements are constructed to estimate the cubic yards of dirt moved per

house, an average value of 2000 square feet is assumed for both single family and two

family homes. Multiplying the average total square feet by an average b asement depth of 8

feet and adding in 10 percent of the cubic feet calculated for peripheral dirt removed

produces an estimate of the cubic yards of earth moved during residential construction. The

percentage of one

- family houses with basements was obtaine d from the DOC. The

percentage of houses per Census region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) that

contain full or partial basements is applied to the housing start estimates for each of these

respective regions. The best available control measures (BAC M) Level 2 equation

(emission factor of 0.011 tons PM10/acre/month plus 0.059 tons PM10/1000 cubic yards

of on

- site cut/fill) is applied once the number of acres disturbed due to the estimated

number of houses built with basements is determined.

Emission Factors

Single

- family

Construction Two

- family

Construction Multi

- family

Construction

ton PM 10 /acre/month ton PM 10 /acre/month ton PM 10 /acre/month

PM 10 Emission

Factor 0.032 0.032 0.11

Duration of

Activity 6 months 6 months 12 months

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. Point Sourc e Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls145

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

E RC I = E RC

– SFH + E RC

– 2FAM + E RC

– MF

W here:

E RC i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential construction activity

E RC

- SFH = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single

- family

home construction activity

E RC

– 2FAM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential two

- family home

construction activity

E RC

– MF = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential multi

- family

construction activity

and:

E RC

– SFH = E RC

– SFH, w BM + E RC

– SFH , w/o BM

W here:

E RC

– SFH, w BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single

- family

home constructi on activity of homes with basements

E RC

– SFH, w/o BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single

- family

home construction activity of homes without basements

E RC

– SFH, w/o BM = HS SFH x (1

- HS SFH,w BM ) x (AD RC

– SFH ) x (PD RC

– SFH ) x EF RC

– SFH

2000

W here: Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation146

E RC

– SFH, w/o BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single

- family

home construction activity

HS SFH = Residential single

- family housing starts

HS SFH, w BM = Percent of residential s ingle

- family housing starts with basements

AD RC

- SFH = Acres disturbed per housing type (residential single

- family)

PD RC

- SFH = Average project duration in months

EF RC

– SFH i = Emissions factor in tons PM10/acre/month for pollutant i

E RC

– SF H, w BM = Emissions from residential construction + Emissions from basement excavation

E RC

– SFH, w BM = [HS SFH x HS SFH,w BM x (AD RC

– SFH ) x (PD RC

– SFH ) x EF RC

– SFH ] +

[HS SFH x HS SFH,w BM x AHS RC

– SFH x ABD RC

– SFH x PDE RC

– SFH x EF Acres

- Disturb ]

2000

W here:

E RC

– SFH, w BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single

- family

home construction activity

HS SFH = Residential single

- family housing starts

HS SFH, w BM = Percent of residential single

- famil y housing starts with basements

AD RC

- SFH = Acres disturbed per housing type (residential single

- family)

PD RC

- SFH = Average project duration in months

EF RC

– SFH i = Emissions factor in tons PM10/acre/month for pollutant i

AHS RC

- SFH = Aver age residential single

- family house size

(national default = 2000 ft 2 )

ABD RC

- SFH = Average basement depth for residential single

- family homes

(national default = 8 ft)

PDE RC

– SFH = Peripheral dirt excavated for residential single

- fami ly homes

(national default = 10 percent)

EF Acres

- Disturb = Emissions factor for the acres disturbed during basement excavation

activities during residential single

- family home construction in tons

PM 10 /1000 cubic yards147

3.1.7.2 Heavy Construction Activity

SCC: 28 10 001 000

Emissions produced from the construction of nonresidential buildings are estimated using the

value of construction put in place. The national value of construction put in place is obtained

from the Bureau of the C ensus 72 . The national value of construction put in place is allocated to

the state level using non

- residential building construction employment data within NAIC Code

2362 obtained from 2010 County Business Patterns 73 . The state value of construction put in

place is allocated to the county level using non

- residential building construction employment

data within NAIC Code 2362 obtained from the 2010 County Business Patterns for the State of

Maryland.

PM 10 and PM 2.5

Act ivity

ARMA used data from the U.S. Census Bureau on the national value of construction put in

place

- Not Seasonally Adjusted. The national value of construction put in place is

allocated to the state level and then to the county level using non

- residenti al building

construction employment data within NAIC 2362 obtained from 2010 County Business

Patterns.

A conversion factor of 1.301 acres/10 6 dollars ($) is applied to the construction valuation

data. This conversion factor is developed by adjusting the19 99 value of 2 acres/$10 6 to

1999

- 2010 constant dollars using The Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index 74

for Construction. The duration of construction activity for nonresidential construction is

estimated to be 11 months.

Employee numbers were taken from County Business Patterns 2010

- Maryland , NAIC

2362, Non

- residential Building Construction (see Appendices). Some county employment

data is represented by a letter code indicating a range for the number of employees for that

72 Bureau of Census, Annual Value of Construction Put in Place

- Not Seasonally A djusted in the United States:

2010; http://www.census.gov/const/C30/priv2008.pdf

73 U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, NAIC Code 2362, Industry Nonresidential Building Construct ion

2010 http://censtats.census.gov/cgi

- bin/cbpnaic/cbpsect.pl

74 U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2010 h ttp://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html Select

county then “Browse more data sets” then County Business Patterns Economic Profile for 2007

– Repeat for each

county. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources148

SIC. In this case the arithmetic average number of employees per letter code per county

was adjusted so that the state total employment in a NAIC matched the sum of the number

of employees reported per county.

Emission Factors

PM 10 PM 2.5 (tons/acre/month) (tons/acr e/month)

Emissions 0.11 20% of PM 10 Duration of Project 11 months

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Value of Construction Work

in the U.S.

- HC J $ 261,776,000,000

Number o f Employees

within NAIC 2362 in the

U.S.

- EMPus 766,961

Number of Employees 13936 Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Tempora l

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation149

within NAIC 2362 in

Maryland

E HC i = HC j x (EMPj / EMPus ) x CF HC x AEF HC i x DC HC

W here:

E HC,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from heavy constru ction

HC J = Value of Heavy construction in US j in 2010

EMPus = Employ ment NAICS 2362 US in 2010

EMPj = Employment NAICS 2362 County j in 2010

CF HC = Conversion factor (acres/million dollars ) for heavy construction (1.262)

AEF HC i = Adjusted Emissio ns factor in tons per acre per month for pollutant i

DC HC = Duration of construction activity (11 months)

2011 Sample Calculation Heavy Construction (Anne Arundel County)

Number of Employees within NAIC

2362 in Anne Arundel County 904

PE = preci pitation

- evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried

AEF HC i = Initial EF HC I x (24/PE) x (S/9%)

AEF HC i = 0.19(PM 10) x (24/114.1) x (33/9%)

AEF HC i = 0.771253287

E HC i = HC j x (EMPj / EMPus ) x CF HC x EF HC i x DC HC

E HC i = 261,776,000,000 x ( 904 / 766,961) x 1.264 x 0.19(PM 10) x 11

E HC i = 628.614 tons/year PM 10150

3.1.7.3 Road Construction Activity

SCC: 23 11 030 000

This source category covers fugitive dust emiss ions from road construction activity. PM 10 emissions produced by road construction are estimated using an emission factor for heavy

construction and the State capital outlay for new road construction.

PM 10 and PM 25

Ac tivity

To estimate the acres disturbed by road construction, the Federal Highway Administration

(FHWA) has Highway Statistics, Section IV

- Highway Finance, Table SF

- 12A, State

Highway Agency Capital Outlay 1 for 2011 which outlines spending by state in sev eral

different categories. For this SCC, the following columns are used: New Construction,

Relocation, Added Capacity, Major Widening, and Minor Widening. These columns are

also differentiated according to the following six classifications:

• Interstate, urban

• Interstate, rural

• Other arterial, urban

• Other arterial, rural

• Collectors, urban

• Collectors, rural

Dollar expenditures are converted to miles constructed using data obtained from the North

Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) in 2 000. A conversion of $4 million/mile

is applied to the interstate expenditures. For expenditures on other arterial and collectors, a
conversion factor of $1.9 million/mile is applied, which corresponds to all other projects.

.

Miles are converted to acre s for each of the 6 road type areas using the following estimate

of acres disturbed per mile:

• Interstates: Urban, Rural, and Urban Other Arterial

- 15.2 Acres Disturbed/mile

• Rural, Other Arterials

- 12.7 Acres Disturbed/mile

• Urban, Collectors

- 9.8 A cres Disturbed/mile

• Rural, Collectors

- 7.9 Acres Disturbed/mile Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources151

Emission Factors

A PM 10 emission factor of 0.42 tons/acre/month is used to account for the large amount of

dirt moved during the construction of roadways. The duration of construction ac tivity for

road construction is estimated to be 12 months.

PM 25 emissions are estimated by applying a particle size multiplier of 0.10 to PM 10 emissions.

Soil Moisture Level

To account for the soil moisture level, base emissions were multiplied by 24 d ivided by the

precipitation

- evaporation (PE) value. Precipitation

- Evaporation (PE) values were obtained

from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average PE values for each State were estimated based on

PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These v alues range from 7 to 41.

Silt Content

To account for the silt content, base emissions were multiplied by percent dry silt content

in soil divided by 9 percent. A data base containing county

- level dry silt values were

applied to PM 10 emissions for each co unty

. These values were derived by applying a

correction factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt

values to dry silt values.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

For construction emissions, a control efficiency of 50 percent is used for both PM 10 and PM 2.5 for PM nonattainment areas.

Spatial

State

- level estimates of acres disturbed are distributed to counties accordi ng to the

housing starts per county, estimated for the residential construction category.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustmen ts

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations152

E RC, i = Exp x MC i x ADi x EF RC i x DUR

2000

where:

E RC,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from road construction

Exp RC,i = Expenditures per road type i

MC RC,i = Miles con s tructed per road type i

AD i = Acres disturbed per road type i

EF RC i = Emissions factor (tons per acre per month for pollu tant i)

DUR = Duration of project (months)

This calculation would have to be made for each road classification in a county and then sum m ed

to get total for that pollutant for that county. Emissions

Calculation153

3.1.7.4 Agricultural Land Preparation

SCC: 28 01 000 003

The land preparation source category includes estimates of the airborne soil particulate emissions

produced during the preparation of agricultural lands for planting and after harvest activities.

Operations included in this methodology are dicin g, tilling, leveling, chiseling, plowing, and

other mechanical operations used to prepare the soil. Dust emissions are produced by the

mechanical disturbance of the soil by the implement used and the tractor pulling it. Soil

preparation activities tend to be performed in the early spring and fall months.

Particulate emissions from land preparation operations are computed by multiplying an emission

factor (EF) by an activity factor. The agricultural tilling emission factor provided in the 4th

edition of U.S . EPA’s AP

- 42 document is used to estimate soil preparation emissions. The

activity factor is based on the number of acres of each crop in production for each county in the

State. Because different crops need different operations to prepare the soil, each crop also has its

own acre

- pass value. Acre

- passes are the number of passes, per acre, that are typically needed to

prepare a field for planting a particular crop. By combining the crop acreage, crop specific acre

pass data, and the agricultural tilling em ission factor, we estimate the particulate matter produced

by agricultural land preparation operations.

Agricultural soil preparation particulate dust emissions are estimated for each crop in each

county in Maryland using the following equation:

Emission s CROP = Emission Factor x Acres CROP x Acre

- passes/acre CROP

The crop emissions for each county are summed to produce the county and statewide particulate

matter (PM) and PM emission estimates.

PM 10 and PM 2.5

Activit y

The acreages used for estimating soil preparation emissions were collected from the

Maryland Cooperative Extension Service and the Maryland Agricultural Statistics Service.

A summary of crop acreage harvested in 2010 thru 2011 from individual county

ag ricultural commissioner reports was used to calculate emissions. De scription

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources154

In computing land preparation PM emissions, acre

- passes are the number of passes

typically performed to prepare a crop for planting. These operations may occur following

harvest or closer to planting, and can include dicing, tilling, land leveling, and other

operations. Each crop is different in the type of soil operations performed and when they

occur. MDE used acre

- pass estimates compiled by the California Air Resources Board

(CARB). For t he crops that were not explicitly updated, we either applied an updated crop

profile from a similar crop, or used one of the existing CARB profiles.

Emission Factors

The emission factor used to estimate the dust emissions from agricultural land prepara tions

is from U.S. EPA’s AP

- 42 1 . This emission factor was developed in 1981 based on test data

measured in California and Kansas by Midwest Research Institute. Because of a lack of

more detailed estimates, this single emission factor is used for all land p reparation

operations, all locations, and all seasons. The form of the emission factor is:

Emission Factor (lbs PM/acre

- pass) = k (4.8) (s) 0.6

Where:

k = particle size fraction of interest (EPA default = 0.042 for PM 2.5 or 0.21 for PM 10 )

s = average perc ent soil silt content (EPA default = 18%)

For PM the value of ‘k’ used in California is 0.148. This is based on the EPA estimate that

33% of the total particulate entrained to the air during agricultural operations is 30 microns

or less. Of this, analysis of California soil samples indicates that about 45% of the 30

micron or less sized particles are 10 microns or less in aerodynamic size (i.e., PM ). So, the

California PM particle size multiplier is 0.148 (i.e., 0.33 x 0.45 = 0.148). Maryland

decided to u se the EPA default values listed above for the particle size fraction. For the

percent soil silt value, the EPA default value of 18% soil silt is used for most counties.

PM 2.5 PM 10 (Lbs. PM 2.5 /acre

- pass) (Lbs. PM 10 /acre

- pass)

Emission Factor 1.1 41968254 5.709841268

The EPA emission factor does not include an association between soil moisture and

emissions. Because it is known that dust emissions are reduced when soil moisture is

higher, California ARB staff has incorporated an emission correct ion during the wettest

months of the year. The correction was based on some limited agricultural dust source test

data, as well as the control factor used for watering at construction sites and their best

judgment

. During December and March, California ARB reduced the emission factor by

25% from the standard uncorrected value. In January and February, often the wettest

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP

- 42, Section 11.2.2,

Fourth Edition. September 1985.155

months, the emission factor is reduced by 50%. This produces a seasonal emissions profile

that is more consistent with California’s actual a mbient air dust levels, and also better

reflects that soil preparation operations typically do not occur while the soil is excessively

wet or muddy.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Crop acreages are collected on a county basis.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source in Maryland.

In collecting update d acre

- pass data, California also collected detailed information on

when agricultural operations occur. Using these data, it was possible to create detailed

temporal profiles that help to indicate when PM emissions from land preparations may be

highest. Th e more detailed background document includes detailed crop calendars for each

crop with updated information. For all of the acre

- pass and crop calendar information, the

farmers and other agricultural experts of the San Joaquin Valley were instrumental in

h elping us to update our crop information.

E ALP i = EF ALP i x A I x AP I

2000

W here:

E ALP = Annual PM e missions of pollutant i in tons per day from agricultural land

preparations.

EF ALP i = Emissions factor in pounds per a cre

- pass for pollutant i

A i = Acres of crop I harvested in county j in 2011

AP i = Acre

- passes per acres for crop i Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Co ntrols

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation156

2011 Sample Calculation Agricultural Land Preparation (Alleghany County):

E ALP PM2.5 = EF ALP PM2.5 x [(A wheat x AP wheat ) + (A

c orn

- gr x AP

corn

- gr ) + (A hay x AP hay ) + (A soy x AP soy )

+ (A barley x AP barley )

2000

E ALP PM2.5 = (1.141968254 x [(0 x 1) + (500 x 4) + (7,500 x 1) + (0 x 6) + (0 x 1)) / 2000

E ALP PM2.5 = (1.141968254 x 9,500)/2000

E ALP PM2.5 = 5.42 tons per year of PM2.5157

3.1.7.5 Paved Roads

SCC: 22 94 000 000

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from activity on paved roads.

ONLY A GENERAL OUTLINE OF HOW THIS SOURCE WAS CALCULAED WILL BE

GIVEN DUE TO THE LARGE N UMBER OF CALCULATIONS NEEDED TO SHOW A

SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR ANY ONE COUNTY.

PM 10 and PM 2.5

Activity

The basis for the activity data for fugitive dust emissions from paved roads is the state

level vehicle miles traveled per paved road type and the state

- level vehicle miles traveled

per unpaved road per road type.

Emission Factors

To calculate emissions for Paved Roads we used the The Predictive Emission Factor Equation

13.2.1.3 from AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, Vol. I Cha pter 13: Miscellaneous Sources and the

particle size multipliers, k from Table 13.2.1

- 1.

Several factors used for Paved Road emissions calculations came from 2008 Emission

Inventory Data & Documentation http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html )

Nonpoint section for Paved Roads. Such as, Silt Loading factors for Maryland from Table

2, factors below:

Roadway Class 

### sL

(g/m 2 )

Rural Interstate 0.015

Rural Other Principal Arterial 0.03

Rural Minor Arterial 0.06

Rural Major Collector 0.2

Rural Minor Collector 0.2

Rural Local 0.6

Urban Interstate 0.015

Urban Other Freeways and Expressways 0.015

Urban Other Principal Arterial 0.03

Urban Minor Arterial 0.03

Urban Collector 0.0 6

Urban Local 0.2 Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources158



### The old calculation equation is

EF CF 

### = k (sL/2) 0.98

x 

### (W/3) 0.53

x 

### (S/30) 0.16

x 

### (CF)

The new calculation equation is

EF PAV 

### = [(k) x (sL) 0.91 

### x (W) 1.02 

### ] x (1

- P/4N)

EF CF 

### = A calculated emission factor for a given road type in a month h aving CF

precipitation

EF PAV 

### = A calculated emission factor for a given road type in a month

k = particle size multiplier; particle size range and units used were 0.015 (lb/VMT) for PM10, and

0.0037 (lb/VMT) for PM2.5 from Table 13.2.1

- 1. PARTICLE SIZE MULTIPLIERS FOR PAVED

ROAD EQUATION



### sL = road surface silt loading (grams per square meter) (g/m 2 ),



### W = average weight (tons) of the vehicles traveling the road (Maryland estimates the average wt. to be

6,360 pounds or 3.18 tons)



### P = number of "wet" days with at least 0.254 mm (0.01 in) of precipitation during the

averaging period



### N = number of days in the averaging period (e.g., 365 for annual, 91 for seasonal, 30

for monthly



### S = average speed (mph) of the vehicles traveling the road.



### CF = Correction fac tor for monthly rain/precipitation

2008 average with 

### 2011 bold monthly rain/precipitation

MONTH P

No. of Days

of Rain > 0.01

inches No. of Days

of Snow >

1.0 inches No. of Days of

Rain & Snow >

0.01 inches N

Days in

Averaging

Period CF RAIN

Jan 

### 7 0 9 3 1 0.9274

Feb 

### 9 1 9 28 0.9196

Mar 

### 12 0 11 31 0.9113

Apr 

### 20 0 12 30 0.9000

May 

### 14 0 9 31 0.9274

Jun 

### 12 0 9 30 0.9250

Jul 

### 9 0 11 31 0.9113

Aug 

### 15 0 4 31 0.9677

Sep 

### 15 0 9 30 0.9250

Oct 

### 14 0 4 31 0.9677

Nov 

### 10 0 7 30 0.9417

Dec 

### 9 1 14 31 0.887115 9

(Ma ryland estimates the average speed (S) to be:

Road Type Speed (mph)

Rural Interstate 65.5

Rural Other Principal Arterial 51.7

Rural Minor Arterial 46.2

Rural Major Collector 41.7

Rural Minor Collector 40

Rural Local 30.9

Urban Interstate 58.1

Urban Other Freeways and

Expressways 55.5

Urban Other Principal Arterial 28.7

Urban Minor Arterial 27.8

Urban Collector 24.6

Urban Local 21.1

A temporal VMT fraction factor was supplied by which was used to breakdown yearly VMT into

seasonal and then mon thly VMT (millions of miles by road type).

LookUp RUR_URB SEASON VMTFRAC

RURALWINTER RURAL WINTER 0.2199

RURALSPRING RURAL SPRING 0.2403

RURALSUMMER RURAL SUMMER 0.2845

RURALFALL RURAL FALL 0.2553

URBANWINTER URBAN WINTER 0.236

URBANSPRING URBAN SPRI NG 0.2547

URBANSUMMER URBAN SUMMER 0.264

URBANFALL URBAN FALL 0.2453

A Transport factor ( TF ) also of 1, was used in estimation. The transport factor relates to the

Modelers, and it is the fraction of Paved Road Dust PM that is transported more than a few

yards.

An emission factor was created for each month, for each road type, and each county, almost

14,000 emission factors.160 Annual Rural Traffic VMT ( 

### millions of miles)

Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural

FUNCTIONAL

CLASS State County

FIP s Rural

Inter

State Rural

Other

Principal

Arterial Rural

Minor

Arterial Rural

Major

Collector Rural

Minor

Collector Rural

Local TOTAL

RURAL

ALLEGANY 24001 179 30 51 28 50 43 381

ANNE ARUNDEL 24003 324 79 174 58 32 94 761

BALTIMORE 24005 434 68 104 2 04 44 120 974

CALVERT 24009 0 331 19 48 38 59 495

CAROLINE 24011 0 101 111 73 53 42 380

CARROLL 24013 0 54 247 127 62 63 553

CECIL 24015 455 52 220 57 53 116 953

CHARLES 24017 0 288 82 108 55 71 604

DORCHESTER 24019 0 122 81 33 59 35 330

FREDE RICK 24021 513 337 129 210 127 176 1492

GARRETT 24023 179 70 68 70 91 57 535

HARFORD 24025 466 80 174 128 68 125 1041

HOWARD 24027 269 83 87 100 28 80 647

KENT 24029 0 30 51 56 26 20 183

MONTGOMERY 24031 142 0 106 93 40 51 432

PRINCE GEORGE'S 24033 39 159 32 88 39 47 404

QUEEN ANNE'S 24035 0 540 79 90 56 105 870

ST. MARY'S 24037 0 153 175 96 63 63 550

SOMERSET 24039 0 99 36 29 31 24 219

TALBOT 24041 0 245 100 33 33 56 467

WASHINGTON 24043 512 24 134 122 96 117 1005

WICOMICO 24045 0 231 19 51 50 44 395

WORCESTER 24047 0 227 37 58 33 48 403

BALTIMORE CITY 24510 0 0 0 1 1 0 2

GRAND TOTALS 3512 3403 2316 1961 1228 1656 14076161 Annual Urban Traffic VMT ( 

### millions of miles)

Urban Urban Urban Urban Urb an Urban

FUNCTIONAL

CLASS State County

FIPs Urban

Inter

state Urban

Freeways

&

Express

ways Urban

Other
Principal

Arterial Urban

Minor

Arterial Urban

Collector Urban

Local TOTAL

URBAN

ALLEGANY 24001 162 0 168 65 28 33 456

ANNE ARUNDEL 24003 907 153 2 903 762 453 351 4908

BALTIMORE 24005 3449 470 1140 1173 477 517 7226

CALVERT 24009 0 31 114 34 49 18 246

CAROLINE 24011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CARROLL 24013 39 0 479 77 67 51 713

CECIL 24015 127 13 171 37 26 29 403

CHARLES 24017 0 0 378 141 75 46 640

DORCHESTER 24019 0 0 38 11 9 4 62

FREDERICK 24021 549 306 167 163 177 105 1467

GARRETT 24023 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

HARFORD 24025 283 135 434 252 131 95 1330

HOWARD 24027 1084 1069 224 448 260 238 3323

KENT 24029 0 0 12 6 2 2 22

MONTGOMERY 24031 2473 227 2134 1047 598 499 6978

PRINCE GEORGE'S 24033 2879 1502 1706 970 632 592 8281

QUEEN ANNE'S 24035 0 47 2 5 0 4 58

ST. MARY'S 24037 0 8 194 33 33 21 289

SOMERSET 24039 0 46 0 7 8 5 66

TALBOT 24041 0 0 110 10 11 10 141

WASHINGTON 24043 457 0 21 6 153 62 69 957

WICOMICO 24045 0 184 155 109 88 41 577

WORCESTER 24047 0 26 204 36 18 22 306

BALTIMORE CITY 24510 1044 138 1164 690 237 252 3525

GRAND TOTALS 13453 5734 10114 6229 3441 3004 41975

VMT should be converted into monthly totals by county by road type

using seasonal fraction factors.



### Ert = EF CF x 

### VMT x 

### TF

Where:



### Ert = is the emissions for a particular road type

VMT = the vehicle miles traveled in millions of miles on a

particular road type

TF = 1162

3.1.7.6 Unpaved Road s

SCC: 22 96 000 000

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from activity on unpaved roads.

PM 10 - PRI, PM 10 - FIL, PM 25 - PRI, PM 25 - FIL

Activity

The basis for the activity data for fugitive dust em issions from unpaved roads is the

county

- level miles of unpaved roads. The unpaved road mileage is converted to county

level vehicle miles traveled per unpaved road type by the following equation:

VMT UNPAVED (x, i) = ADTV (i) * MILES UNPAVED (x, i) * D AYS YR 1,000,000

Where:

VMT UNPAVED (x, i) : Annual vehicle miles traveled for county x and road type i (in

millions)

ADTV (i) : Average Daily Traffic Volume for road type i

MILES UNPAVED (x, i) : Miles of unpaved roads in county x and road type i

DAYS YR : Days per year (365) conversion of daily traffic to annual traffic

Maryland received unpaved road mileage by county from the Maryland State Highway

Administration. The unpaved road mileage data was divided into two functional classes,

(Rural Local and Urban Local). The Rural Local and Urban Local roads were further

divided into Rural Unpaved and Urban Unpaved roads . The VMT for Unpaved and

Unimproved urban and local roads was calculated and then summed by county.

Mileage on urban and rural local road s was broken down into two groups of average daily

travel volume (ADTV) in the 1996 Highway Statistics publication (the last year that data

was published). These groups are shown in Table 3.2.7.6.a. Maryland used a reasonable

assumption that no more than 50 vehicles travel its urban and rural local unpaved roads

daily. The assumed ADTV is 5 for both urban and rural groups (<50 Rural Local volume

group). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources163

Table 3.8.1.6.a Assumed Values for Average Daily Traffic Volume by Volume Group

Rural Roads

Vo lume Category (vehicles per day per mile) < 50 50

- 199 200

- 499 > 500

Assumed ADTV 5* 125** 350** 550***

Urban Roads

Volume Category (vehicles per day per mile) < 200 200

- 499 500

- 1999 > 2000

Assumed ADTV 20* 350** 1250** 2200***

Notes: *10% or volume group’s maximum range endpoint, ** Average of volume group’s range endpoints,

*** 110% or volume group’s minimum

Table 3.8.1.6.b Daily VMT by County and Road Class

County Name 2011 Daily VMT Rural rt210 2011 Daily VMT Urban rt330

ALLEGANY 0.2076 0.5 947

ANNE ARUNDEL 0.0032 0.0529

BALTIMORE 0.0024 0.0368

CALVERT 0.1063 0.1260

CAROLINE 0.4473 0.0000

CARROLL 0.1949 0.2587

CECIL 0.0467 0.0424

CHARLES 0.0215 0.0422

DORCHESTER 0.1420 0.0983

FREDERICK 0.1695 0.4235

GARRETT 0.1852 0.0000

HARFORD 0. 0896 0.3122

HOWARD 0.0023 0.0162

KENT 0.0031 0.0011

MONTGOMERY 0.0076 0.2619

PRINCE GEORGE'S 0.0041 0.1557

QUEEN ANNE'S 0.0553 0.0365

ST. MARY'S 0.0246 0.0150

SOMERSET 0.0456 0.0427

TALBOT 0.0086 0.0051

WASHINGTON 0.0544 0.1170

WICOMICO 0.0762 0. 1659

WORCESTER 0.0437 0.0759

BALTIMORE CITY 0.0000 0.0542164

Unpaved road VMT was calculated first by State and roadway class using temporally allocated NAPAP Inventory factors (seasonal temporal allocations factors or VMT fractions

– VMTFRAC values). T hese factors are provided in the EPA publication, “Paved and Unpaved Road VMT temp factors.xls”. The seasonal VMT fractions were then multiplied by the ratio of the number of days in a month to the number of days in a season to adjust to monthly VMTFRAC. The emission factors were then applied to estimate emissions by month.

Below is Table 3.8.1.6.c and d

Seasonal VMT Fractional Values by Road Class

Rural rt210 EPA Urban rt330 EPA

SEASON VMTFRAC SEASON VMTFRAC

WINTER 0.2199 WINTER 0.2360

SPRING 0 .2403 SPRING 0.2547

SUMMER 0.2845 SUMMER 0.2640

FALL 0.2553 FALL 0.2453

Emission Factors:

Re

- entrained road dust emissions for unpaved roads were estimated using unpaved road

VMT and the emission factor equation from AP

- 42 76 :

where k, a, b, and c are empirical constants given in Table 1 and

EF = size specific emission factor (lb/VMT)

s = surface material silt content (%)

SPD = mean vehicle speed (mph)

M = surface material moisture content (%)

C = emission factor for 19 80's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear (lb/VMT)

Table 3.8.1.6.e Constants for Unpaved Roads Re

- entrained Dust Emission Factor Equation

Constant PM 25 PM 10
K (lb/VMT) 0.18 1.8

a 1 1

b 0.5 0.5

c 0.2 0.2

76 United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. “Compilation of

Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP

- 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Poi nt and Area Sources, Section 13.2.2

Unpaved Roads.” Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003.165 C 0.00036 0.00047

Source: AP

- 42

Average State

- level unpaved silt content values, developed as part of the 1985 National

Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Inventory, were obtained from the

Illinois State Water Survey 77 . Silt contents of over 200 unpaved roads from over 3 0 States

were obtained. Average silt contents of unpaved roads were calculated for each State that

had three or more samples for that State. For States that did not have three or more

samples, the average for all samples from all States was used. Sample s and default values

were provided by state. S ilt content (%) from (AP

- 42 Table 13.2.2

- 1) of 3.9 was used for

the Unpaved/Unimproved roads.

Table 3.8.1.6.f State

- Level Unpaved Road Surface Material Silt Content Values used in MANE

- VU

Fugitive Dust Cal culations

State Unpaved Road

Surface Material Silt

Content (%) Data Source

Connecticut 3.9 DEFAULT

Delaware 0 No Unpaved Roads

DC 0 No Unpaved Roads

Maine 3.9 DEFAULT

Maryland 3.9 DEFAULT

Massachusetts 3.9 DEFAULT

New Hampshire 3.9 DEFAULT

New Jer sey 3.9 DEFAULT

New York 4.7 SAMPLES

Pennsylvania 3.3 SAMPLES

Rhode Island 3.9 DEFAULT

Vermont 3.9 DEFAULT

Table 3.8.1.6.g lists the speeds modeled on the unpaved roads by roadway type. These

speeds were determined based on national average speed s modeled for onroad emission

calculations and weighted to determine a single average speed for each of the roadway

types. The value of 0.5 percent for M was chosen as the national default as sufficient

resources were not available to determine more local ly

- specific values for this variable.

77 G. Stensland, Illinois State Water Survey, personal communication with W. Barnard of E.H. PECHAN &

Associates, Inc., Durham, NC. 1989.166 Table 3.8.1.6.g Speeds Modeled by Roadway Type on Unpaved Roads

Unpaved Roadway Type Speed (mph)

Rural Minor Arterial 39

Rural Major Collector 34

Rural Minor Collector 30

Rural Local 30

Urban Other Principal Arterial 20

Urban Minor Arterial 20

Urban Collector 20

Urban Local 20

The emission factor for paved roads is calculated from the empirical AP

- 42 formula and

then is adjusted for precipitation. Correction factors were app lied to the emission factors to

account for the number of days with a sufficient amount of precipitation to prevent road

dust resuspension. Monthly

- corrected emission factors by State and roadway classification

were calculated using the following equation :

W here:

EF CORR = unpaved road dust emission factor corrected for precipitation effects

EF = uncorrected emission factor

D = number of days in the month

p = number of days in the month with at least 0.01 inches of precipitati on167

The number of days in each county with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation in each month

was obtained from the National Climatic Data Center 78 . For counties with more than one

precipitation collection station with valid data from the NCDC data set, a n average number

of precipitation days were calculated for each month from all valid stations in the county.

Counties with no precipitation collection station or no valid data were assigned the data

from an adjacent county. The 2011 monthly precipitation data for MANE

- VU counties

w ere updated an d are shown in Table 4. This method of assigning monthly precipitation

days by county improves on the NEI approach of assigning monthly precipitation data by

State. These are the same precipitation data used to c alculate paved road emissions for the

MANE

- VU States.

Table 3.8.1.6.h 2011 Number of Days with at Least 0.01 Inches of Precipitation

State County JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

MD ALLEGANY 7 9 12 20 14 12 9 15 15 14 10 9

MD ANNE ARU NDEL 9 9 12 14 12 10 8 16 16 11 9 7

MD BALTIMORE 4 5 7 8 8 3 3 2 13 10 8 6

MD CALVERT 9 4 14 12 11 12 9 10 12 9 11 9

MD CAROLINE 11 10 11 12 11 11 8 14 12 15 11 6

MD CARROLL 12 9 11 16 15 10 7 17 22 14 8 11

MD CECIL 8 12 11 15 10 9 9 14 19 14 10 5

MD CHARLES 9 4 14 12 11 12 9 10 12 9 11 9

MD DORCHESTER 9 4 14 12 11 12 9 10 12 9 11 9

MD FREDERICK 10 9 12 16 16 10 6 14 22 11 9 7

MD GARRETT 20 16 18 20 17 12 11 13 14 18 11 15

MD HARFORD 8 12 11 15 10 9 9 14 19 14 10 5

MD HOWARD 7 6 14 14 10 2 7 8 10 11 8 8

MD KENT 11 8 9 15 8 8 7 16 13 11 7 6

MD MONTGOMERY 10 9 12 17 12 7 7 13 18 12 8 11

MD PRINCE GEORGE'S 9 10 12 15 13 8 6 11 14 16 9 9

MD QUEEN ANNE'S 11 10 11 12 11 11 8 14 12 15 11 6

MD ST. MARY'S 8 6 12 10 11 7 9 11 13 10 9 6

MD SOMERSET 10 7 12 10 7 8 9 12 12 9 12 9

MD TALBOT 9 7 11 12 11 11 9 14 12 13 9 10

MD WASHINGTON 11 10 14 15 16 5 10 16 16 12 8 7

MD WICOMICO 12 9 12 9 9 14 9 13 13 11 10 8

MD WORCESTER 10 7 12 10 7 8 9 12 12 9 12 9

MD BALTIMORE CITY 9 10 10 13 11 8 7 16 13 11 7 6

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

78 U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Summary of the Day

Element TD

- 3200, 2002 data provided on CD. National Climatic Data Center. 2003. Point Source

Adjustments168

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

BMC provided miles of unpaved roads at the county

- l evel to spatially allocate emission

estimates.

Temporal

The unpaved road VMT data were temporally allocated by month using the NAPAP 79

temporal allocation factors.

AP

- 42 Unpaved Roads Emission Factor Formula

W here k, a, b, and c are empirical constants given in Table 1 and

EF = size specific emission factor (lb/VMT)

s = surface material silt content (%)

SPD = mean vehicle speed (mph)

M = surface material moisture content (%)

C = emission factor for 1980 's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear (lb/VMT)

Calculate Local Unpaved Roads Emission Factors

Example: Anne Arundel County

- Local Rural Unpaved Roads

– PM 25

79 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory: Development of Temporal

A llocation Factors,” EPA

- 600/7

- 89

- 010d. Air & Energy Engineering Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park,

NC. April 1990. Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation169

Adjust Emission Factor Formula for Precipitation

W here:

EF CORR = unpaved road dust emission factor corrected for precipitation effects

EF = uncorrected emission factor

D = number of days in the month

p = number of days in the month w ith at least 0.01 inches of precipitation

Calculate Unpaved Roads Emission Factors Adjusted for Precipitation

(Example Calculation: Anne Arundel County

– July

– PM 25 )

Emission Equ ation:

W here:

EM PM25 = PM 25 emissions in tons per year for unpaved roads in county i

VMT i = Annual VMT ( million miles of Vehi cle Miles Traveled for county i )

VMTFRAC = Temporal Allocation Factor

EF PM25

- CORR i = Unpa ved road emission factor adjusted for precipitation in county i

CE = Control efficiency of 0% applied to Urban and Rural roads

RE = Rule effectiveness of 100% applied to Urban and Rural roads

RP = Rule penetration of 100% applied to Urban and Ru ral roads

Sample Calculation Unpaved Roads (Anne Arundel County

- July)170 x E

- 10 Tons171

3.1.8 FIRE SOURCES

Other area sources include forest fires, slash and prescribed burning, agricult ural burning,

structure fires, orchard heaters, leaking underground storage tanks and natural organic sources.

Although often intermittent in nature, many of these sources can produce large quantities of air

pollutant emissions.

Date: September 10, 2012

This note is intended to support the DRAFT 2011 day

- specific emissions estimates that EPA has

posted for Wild Land Fires (WLF= prescribed and wild fires) intended for the NEI EVENT data

category. These data are posted as .csv files for every state. The s tate FIPS is used in the title of

the file to identify the area in question. The methods used by EPA reflect use of the

SMARTFIRE2 (SF2) framework. We have provided background on these methods as part of the

training(s) we have offered over the past few months on the 2011 NEI submittal process. For

further information on this training, please see our 2011 webpage under “Events Inventory”

training at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/e idocs/training.html#eis

. For the 2011 cycle, EPA is offering three options for SLTs to submit WLF emissions into the

EVENTS module.

Note: EPA’s methods will be reporting all Wild Fires to SCC 281001000; all Prescribed Fires to

2811015000; all Wild Land Fire Use to 2810001001. MDE calculated and reported emissions for

Prescribed Fires.

Option 1 : Review the DRAFT 2011 emission estimates and report back to EPA through a

Support Request in the Emission Inventory System (EIS) indicating that your agency ac cepts the

EVENT data from EPA.172

3.1.8.1 Vehicle Fires

SCC: 28 10 001 000

This emission guidance report covers air emissions from accidental vehicle fires. Vehicles

included are any commercial or private mode of transportation that i s authorized for use on

public roads.

PM 10 , NOx, CO, VOC

Activity

Local data was collected from state or local fire marshals and public safety departments.

See the spatial apportioning section for available information sources.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are available for open burning of automobile components including

upholstery, belts, hoses, and tires (AP

- 42, Section 2.5 Open Burning) (EPA, 1996) 80 . The

amount of vehicle material burned (the fuel loading) in a vehicle fire must be estimated to

use these factors. A conservative assumption is that an average vehicle has 500 pounds of

components that can burn in a fire, based on a 3,700 pound average vehicle weight

(CARB, 1995) 81 . Maryland used a more conservative assumption based on a 2,000 pound

average vehicle weight. EPA and ERTAC committee through a joint study es timated

PM2.5

- PRI to be 100 lbs per ton of material burned in fire. Also, EIIP, Vehicle Fires

– January 1999 and 2000.

Pollutant Lbs/ton burned

VOC 32

NOx 4

CO 125

PM10

- PRI 100

PM2.5

- PRI 100

80 EPA. 1996. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors

-- Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Fifth

Edition, AP

- 42. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. (GPO 055

- 000

- 00251

- 7). Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

81 CARB. 1995. Emission Inventory Procedural Manual, Vol. III: Methods for Assessing Area Source Emissions.

Calif ornia Environmental Protection Agency: Air Resources Board. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources173

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The activity data for vehicle fires was collected at a county

- level. No other method to

spatially profile the vehicle fire source category was used.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

E VF, i = VB j x FLF VF x EF VF i

2000

W here:

E VF,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from vehicle fires

VB J = Vehicles burned in county j in 2011

FLF VF = Fuel loading factor (tons/vehicle burned) for vehicle fires (500 lbs/2000 lb auto)

w hich is also equal to 0.25 tons/vehicle burned

EF VF i = Emissions factor in pounds per ton burned for pollutant i

2011 Sample Calculation Vehicle Fires (Anne Arundel County)

E VF, i = VB j x FLF VF x EF VOC

2000

E VF, i = (2 41 x (0.25) x 32)

2000

E VF, i = 0.96 tons VOC per year emitted from vehicle fires in Anne Arundel County in 2011 Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

T emporal

Allocations

Emissi ons

Calculation174

3.1.8.2 Forest Fires

SCC: 28 10 001 000 (Wildfires)

(MDE ac cepted EPA’s Wild Fire Emissions generated by their SmartFire Tool, bu t calculated

emissions for forest fires in order to compare them with the tool.)

3.1.8.3 Slash/Prescribed Burning

SCC: 28 10 015 000 (prescribed burn)

SCC: 28 10 005 000 (slash burn)

Slash burning is a technique used to control waste from loggin g operations burned under

controlled conditions to reduce the potential fire hazard in forests and to remove brush that can

serve as a host for destructive insects. Also, to cleared forest to create fields for farming, pastures

for livestock, and many othe r reasons. Prescribed burning is used as a forest management

practice to establish favorable seedbeds, remove competing underbrush, accelerate nutrient

cycling, control tree pests and contribute other ecological benefits.

PM 10 and PM 2.5

- PRI

Activity

Emissions from this source were calculated using data from the Maryland Forest Service

for prescribed burning by county and type of material burned (see Appendices).

Emission Factor

VOC CO NOx PM10

- FIL PM2.5

-

FIL SO2

(Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton)

Prescribed Marsh Grass 13.6 289 6.2 28.1 24.1 1.7

Pine Slash 19 140 4 17 unavailable unavailable

Fuel loading

factors: tons/acre

Prescribed 2

Slash 30 Description

Pollutants

Me thod and

Data Sources175

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The activity data for prescribed burning was collected at a county

- level. No ot her method

to spatially profile the prescribed burning source category was used.

Temporal

Because prescribed burning is done at different times of the year, ARMA used no seasonal

adjustment factor. The activity level is seven days per week.

E PB i = AB j x EF PB i x FLF

m 2000

W here:

E PB,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from prescribed burning

FLF

m = Fuel loading factor for type of material burned j (for marsh grass the factor is 2

tons per acre and for pine slas h it is 30 tons per acre burned)

AB k = Acres burned in county k in 2011

EF PB,i = Emission factor for pollutant i

2011 Sample Calculation Prescribed Burning (Frederick County)

E PB i = AB j x EF PB i x FLF

m 2000

E PB i = (55.5 x 13.6 x 2)

2 000

E PB i = 0.75 tons VOC / year

Slash burning calculations are done in a similar manner. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Ca lculation176

3.1.8.4 Agricultural Burning

SCC: 21 01 500 000

This source category covers agricultural burning practices used to clear and/or prepare land for

planting . Operations included under this category are stubble burning, burning of agricultural

crop residues, and burning of standing field crops as part of harvesting (e.g., sugar cane).

PM 10 and PM 2.5

Emissions from this sourc e were assigned to the open burning category because the county

permits issued in 2008 did not require information distinguishing the amount of agricultural

waste to be burned versus other materials.

3.1.8.5 Structure Fires

SCC: 28 10 030 000

Buildin g fires produce short

- term emissions of organic compounds.

PM 10 and PM 2.5

MDE staff used emission factors, fuel loading factors and methodology documented in EIIP 82

, Structure Fires, dated July 1999.

Activity

The Maryland State Fire Marshal's office provided the number of structure fires by county.

Emission Factors

VOC NOx CO PM10

- PRI

(lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton)

Emissions 11.0 1.4 60.0 10.8

Fuel loading factor: 1.15 Tons/fire

82 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources177

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The activity data for structure fires was collected at a county

- level. No other method to

spatially profile the prescribed burning source category was used.

Temporal

Because structure fires occur at different times of the year, ARMA used no seasonal

adjustment factor. The activity level is seven days per week.

E SF i = SF k x EF SF i x FLF SF

2000

where:

E FF,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from structure fires

FLF SF = Fuel loading factor (tons/acre burned) for structure fires

SF k = Structure fires in county k in 2011

EF SF,i = Emission factor for pollutant i in pounds per ton

ARMA used an activity level of 7 days a week with no seasonal variation as given in Table 5.8

- 1

in the EIIP document.

2011 Sample Calculation Structure Fires (Baltimore County)

Equation:

E SF i = SF k x EF SF i x FLF SF

2000

E SF i = 310 x 11 x 1.15

2000

E SF i = 1.96 tons VOC / year Point Source

Adjustmen ts

Adjustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calc ulation178

3.1.8.6 Orchard Heaters

SCC: 28 01 520 000

In areas of the country where frost threatens orchards, heaters may be used in cold portions of the

growing se ason.

PM 10 and PM 2.5

Calls to several orchards in Washington and Frederick Counties (where most of the orchards in

Maryland are located), revealed that no heaters were used. One orchard used fans to move air on

still nigh ts when there would be danger of frost to fruit tree blossoms. Therefore, orchard heaters

are not included in Maryland's baseline inventory. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources179

3.1.9 AMMONIA SOURCES

INTRODUCTION

Currently, there is a significant amount of uncertainty concerning the contributio n of soil to

ammonia emission levels. High quality emission factors for this category do not exist, and even

the physics of ammonia

- surface exchange is not well understood. Soils emit and uptake ammonia

so it is difficult to evaluate the net contribution, emissions may be potentially significant in some

regions if the uptake is not substantial. Indeed, the literature shows that a soil

- plant canopy

system can be a source of ammonia emissions under certain conditions and a sink under other

conditions. Becau se of this uncertainty, the State of Maryland has decided not to include

emissions from soils. MDE inventoried the following sources for ammonia emissions.

 Agricultural Livestock Production Operations

 Agricultural Fertilizer Application

 Mobile Sources

 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)

 Human activity

Emission Calculations Methodology

Normally , the Department use the Carnegie Mellon University Ammonia Model (CMU

Ammonia Model version 3.6) 83 computer program to develop an ammonia emissions inven tory. However, for the 2011 NEI emissions inventory cycle, MDE has accepted EPA’s 2011 emissions

inventory data.

The CMU

- Ammonia Model program is an approve methodology by EPA for developing

ammonia source categories emissions inventory. Basically , the C MU

- Ammonia Model program

multiplies emission factors per source category by its particular activity data

3.1.9.1 Agricultural Livestock Production Operations

Livestock waste is one of the most important sources of ammonia when considering the sheer

magnitude of the emissions. Existing ammonia inventories indicate that livestock wastes are

responsible for 50

- 70% of national ammonia emissions. The United States Department of

Agriculture publishes the Census of Agriculture (USDA, 2007), conducted every five years,

w hich includes accurate inventories for livestock; however, the categories of animals reported at

the county level differ from the categories of animals for which current emission factors exist.

2007 activity data were used from the USDA Census of Agricult ure data to develop the 2011

ammonia emission inventory.

83 Copyright 2004, CMU

- NH3 Ammonia Model Inventory Version 3.6 computer program. Departments of Civil

and Environmental Engineering and Engineering and Pu blic Policy Porter Hall Room 119, Carnegie Mellon

University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213180

3.1.9.2 Dairy C attle (cows)

SCC: 2805001100 (Beef feedlots (drylots) Confinement)

2805001200 (Beef Manure handling & stor age)

2805002000 (Beef Not Elsewhere Classified)

2805003100 (Beef pasture Confinement)

2805018000 (Not elsewhere classified C omposite)

2805019100 (Flush Confinement)

2805019200 (Flush Manure handling & storage)

2805019300 (Flush Land application of manure)

2805021100 (Scrape Confinement)

2805021200 (Scrape Manure handling & storage)

2805021300 (Scrape Land application of manure)

2805022100 (Deep pit Confinement)

2805022200 (Deep pit Manure handling & storage)

2805022300 (Deep pit Land application of manure)

2805023100 (Drylot pasture Confinement)

2805023200 (Drylot pasture Manure handling & storage)

2805023300 (Drylot pasture Land application of manure)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from cattle is to count the number of animals,

then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value provides the

emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes thi s approach, a methodology

approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was use to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted val ues in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data So urces

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls181

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

The CMU

- NH3 ammonia model temporall y allocates activity data to the different months

of the year or annually (yearly).

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for cows in an individual county

EM COWS

- 2011 Total = 2011EM BC + 2011 EM MC + 2011EM HF + 2011 EM ST

Whe re:

EM COWS

- 2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from cows, all categories

EM BC = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from beef cows

EM MC = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from milk cows

EM HF = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from heifers

EM ST = 2011 Uncontrolled emission s from steers

Where:

EM BC = (AC BC * EF BC )

EM MC = (AC BC * EF MC )

EM HF = (AC BC * EF HF )

EM ST = (AC BC * EF ST )

Where:

AC BC = Activity level (number) of beef cows

AC MC = Activity level (number) of milk cows

AC HF = Activity level ( number) of heifers

AC ST = Activity level (number) of steers

EF BC = Emission factor for beef cows

EF MC = Emission factor for milk cows

EF HF = Emission factor for heifers

EF ST = Emission factor for steers Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation182

3.1.9.3 Hogs and Pigs

SCC: 28 05 025 000 ( Swine Composite)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from hogs and pigs are to count the number

of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value

provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a

methodology approved by EPA for develo ping the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

The CMU

- NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months

of the year or annually (yearly). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point S ource Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations183

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for swine in an individual county

EM SWINE

- 2011 Total = 2011 EM HOGS + 2011 EM PIGS

Where:

EM SWINE

- 2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from swine, all categori es

EM HOGS = 2011Uncontrolled emissions from hogs

EM PIGS = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from pigs

Where:

EM HOGS = (AC HOGS * EF HOGS )

EM PIGS = (AC PIGS * EF PIGS )

Where:

AC HOGS = Activity level (number) of hogs

AC PIGS = Activ ity level (number) of pigs

EF HOGS = Emission factor for hogs

EF PIGS = Emission factor for pigs Emissions

Calculation184

3.1.9.4 Chickens (Pullets, Layers, Broilers, and Misc Poultry)

SCC: 28 05 007 100 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 007 300 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 008 100 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 008 200 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 008 300 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 009 100 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 009 200 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 009 300 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 030 000 (Misc Poultry)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from chickens composit e is to count the

number of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting

value provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach,

a methodology approved by EPA for developing the emiss ions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allo cates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state. Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustme nts

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations185

Temporal

The CMU

- NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months

of the year or an nually (yearly).

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for chickens in an individual county

EM CHICKENS

- 2011 Total = 2011 EM PULLET + 2011 EM LAYER + 2011 EM BROILER

Where:

EM CHICKENS

- 2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from chicken s, all categories

EM PULLET = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from pullets

EM LAYER = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from layers

EM BROILER = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from broilers

Where:

EM PULLET = (AC PULLET * EF PULLET )

EM LAYER = (AC L AYER * EF LAYER )

EM BROILER

= (AC BROILER * EF BROILER )

Where:

AC PULLET = Activity level (number) of pullet chickens

AC LAYER = Activity level (number) of layer chickens

AC BROILER = Activity level (number) of broiler chickens

EF PULLET = Emission factor for pullet chickens

EF LAYER = Emission factor for layer chickens

EF BROILER = Emission factor for broiler chickens Emissions

Calculation186

3.1.9.5 Sheep

SCC: 28 05 040 000 (Sheep Composite)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from sheep composite is to count the number

of animals, then multiply this by the average em issions per animal, and the resulting value

provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a

methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 20 07 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county th en set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

The CMU

- NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months

of the year or annually (yearly). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjust ment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations187

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia em issions for sheep in an individual county

EM SHEEP = AC SHEEP * EF SHEEP

Where:

EM SHEEP = Total NH3 emissions from sheep, all categories

AC SHEEP = Activity level (number) of sheep

EF SHEEP = Emission factor for sheep Emissions

Calculation188

3.1.9.6 Goats (Angora and Milk)

SCC: 28 0 5 045 001(Goats Composite)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emi ssions from goats are to count the number of

animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value provides

the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a methodology

approved by the EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

The CMU

- NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different mon ths

of the year or annually (yearly). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

P oint Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations189

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for goats in an individual county

EM GOATS

- 2011 Total = 2011 EM AG + 2011 EM MG

Where:



### EM GOATS

- 2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from goats, all categories

EM AG = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from angora goats

EM MG = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from milk goats

Where:

EM AG = (AC AG * EF AG )

EM MG

= (AC AG * EF AG )

Where:

AC AG = Activity level (number) of angora goats

AC MG = Acti vity level (number) of milk goats

EF AG = Emission factor for angora goats

EF MG = Emission factor for milk goats Emissions

Calculation190

3.1.9.7 Horses

SCC: 28 05 035 000 (Horses)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the bio logical

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from horses are to count the number of

animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the result ing value provides

the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a methodology

approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity lev el data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia m odel automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

The CMU

- NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months

of the year or annually (yearly). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations191

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for horses in an individu al county

EM HORSE = AC HORSE * EF HORSE

Where:

EM HORSE = Total NH3 emissions from horses, all categories

AC HORSE = Activity level (number) of horses

EF HORSE = Emission factor for horses Emissions

Calculation192

3.1.9.8 Ducks, Geese and Turkeys

SCC: 28 05 030 007 (Ducks)

SCC: 28 05 0 10 100 (Turkeys)

28 05 010 200

28 05 010 300

SCC: 28 05 030 008 (Geese)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological

decomposition of their waste products.

NH 3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from ducks, geese and turkeys are to count

the number of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting

value provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach,

a methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission fac tors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

The CMU

- N H3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months

of the year or annually (yearly). Description

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources

Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations193

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for ducks in an individual county

EM DUCKS = AC DUCKS * EF DUCKS

Where:

EM DUCKS = Total NH3 emissions from ducks, all categories

AC DUCKS = Activity level (number) of ducks

EF DUCKS = Emission factor for ducks Emissions

Calculation194

3.1.9.9 Agricultural Fertilizer Application

SCC: 28 01 700 001 (Anhydrous Ammonia)

28 01 700 002 (Aqueou s Ammonia)

28 01 700 003 (Nitrogen Solutions)

28 01 700 004 (Urea)

28 01 700 005 (Ammonium Nitrate)

28 01 700 006 (Ammonium Sulfate)

28 01 700 007 (Ammonium Thiosulfate)

28 01 700 010 (Mix

- N

- P

- K MGN Fertilizers)

28 01 700 011 (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate)

28 01 700 012 (Potassium Nitrate)

28 01 700 013 (Diammonium Phosphate)

28 01 700 014 (Monoammonium Phosphate)

28 01 700 015 (Liquid Ammoniu Polyphosphate )

28 01 700 099 (Miscellaneous Fertilizers)

Fertilizer in this category refers to any nitrogen

- based compound, or mixture containing such a

compound, that is appli ed to land to improve plant fitness. The consumption of fertilizer data

includes total fertilizer sales or shipments for farm and non

- farm usage. Fertilizer application is

typically considered to be the second or third most important source on a national l evel.

Fertilizer emissions were calculated per fertilizer types per SCC listed above. These fertilizer

types are the activity input files for the CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6.

Finally, ammonia emissions from fertilizer application have a strong temporal compo nent that

has previously been ignored; yearly averages have been used in existing inventories.

Significantly more fertilizer is applied in the spring and fall than in the summer and winter,

corresponding to crop cycles. To improve temporal allocation, USDA data on crop planting

times and fertilizer application times and rates were used to generate a monthly distribution of

fertilizer application.

NH 3

The method for estimating emissions from fertilizer sources is simple: c ollect data on the amount

of fertilizer sold to farmers and non

- farms in a specific county, and then multiply this by the per

cent of ammonia released per fertilizer application (that is Table: Fertilizer Nitrogen Content ),

and the resulting value provide s the emissions. The fertilizer activity files provided with the

CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 were use and county

- level ammonia emissions were then calculated

by running the model. The model corrects for the difference in mass between nitrogen and

ammonia. Description:

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources195

Activity

Activity level data for fertilizer application was obtained from the Fertilizer Institute’s

Commercial Fertilizers 2007 reports and the Association of American Plant and Food Control

Of ficials (AAPFCO). These fertilizer reports show sales to farm ers and non

- farms per county

level activities. AAPFCO dataset only contained state

- level resolution; the USGS dataset was

used to allocate the AAPFCO state

- level data to county

- level.

Emission Factors

Emission factors (percent of Nitrogen volatilized as Ammonia) were collected from 2004

CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 run and is presented in the table below:

Emission Factors and Source

Fertilizer Type Emission Factor

% N volatilized as NH3 Source of

Emission Factor

Ammonium Nitrate 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Ammonium Sulfate 10.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Ammonium Thiosulfate 2.5 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Anhydrous Ammonia 4.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Aqueous Ammonia 4.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Diammonium Phos phate 5.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate 5.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Miscellaneous Fertilizers 6.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Monoammonium Phosphate 5.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Nitrogen Solutions 8.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Mix: N

- P

- K (multi

- grade nut rient) 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Potassium Nitrate 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Urea 15.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Table: Fertilizer Nitrogen Content

Fertilizer Nitrogen

Content

(percent)

Ammonium Nitrate 36

Ammonium Sulfate 22

Ammonium Thiosulfate 12

Anhydro us Ammonia 82

Aqueous Ammonia 21

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 17

Diammonium Phosphate 18

Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate 10

Miscellaneous 8

Mix 12

Monoammonium Phosphate 11

Nitrogen Solutions 29

Potassium Nitrate 14

Urea 46196

N o subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify

the state or county then set up county

- level allocations factor files for the chosen state.

Temporal

Finally, ammonia emissions from fertilizer application have a strong temporal component that

has previousl y been ignored; yearly averages have been used in existing inventories.

Significantly more fertilizer is applied in the spring and fall than in the summer and winter,

corresponding to crop cycles. To improve temporal allocation, USDA data on crop planting

times and fertilizer application times and rates were used to generate a monthly distribution of

fertilizer application (USDA, 1997; USDA

- ERS, 1991; USDA

- ERS, 1996; USDA

- ERS,

1996

- 1997; USDA

- NASS, 1992

- 1997a; USDA

- NASS, 1992

- 1997b; USDA

- NASS, 1992

- 1997c; U SDA

- NASS, 1992

- 1997d; USDA

- NASS, 1992

- 1997a; USDA

- NASS, 1995; USDA

NASS, 1997). Results show that assuming a yearly average for this category results in a

substantial error for most months of the year.

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emis sions for agricultural fertilizer sources in an individual county

EM FERT

- 2011 Total = EM AmmNit + EM AmmSul + EM AmmThio + EM AnhyAmm EM AqueAmm +

EM CalAmmNit + EM NitSol + EM Urea + EM DiAmmPhos + EM MonoAmmPhos +

EM LiqAmmPhos + EM PotNit + EM Mix

- N

- P

- K + EM M isc

Where:

EM Fertilizer

- 2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application, all categories

EM AmmNit = Emissions from Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer

EM AmmSul = Emissions from Ammonium Sulfate fertilizer

EM AmmThio = Emissions from Ammonium Thiosulfate fertilizer

EM AnhyAmm = Emissions from Ammonium Anhydrous Ammonia

EM AqueAmm = Emissions from Ammonium Aqueous Ammonia

EM CalAmmNit = Emissions from Calcium Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer

EM NitSol = Emissions from Nitrogen Solutio ns fertilizer Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation197

EM Urea = Emissions from Urea fertilizer

EM DiAmmPhos = Emissions from Diammonium Phosphate fertilizer

EM MonAmmPhos = Emissions from Monoammonium Phosphate fertilizer

EM LiqAmmPhos = Emissions from Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate fertilizer

E M PotNit = Emissions from Potassium Nitrate fertilizer

EM Mix

- N

- P

- K = Emissions from Mix

- N

- P

- K (multi

- grade nutrient)

EM Misc = Emissions from Miscellaneous fertilizer

Where:

EM AmmNit = (AC AmmNit * Per Cent Released AmmNit )

EM AmmSul = (AC AmmSu l * Per Cent Released AmmSul )

EM AmmThio = (AC AmmThio * Per Cent Released AmmThio )

EM CalAmmNit = (AC CalAmmNit * Per Cent Released CalAmmNit )

EM NitSol = (AC NitSol * Per Cent Released NitSol )

EM Urea = (AC Urea * Per Cent Released Urea )

EM DiAmmPhos = (AC DiAmmPhos * Per Cent Released DiAmmPhos )

EM MonAmmPhos = (AC MonAmmPhos * Per Cent Released MonAmPhos )

EM LiqAmmPhos = (AC LiqAmmPhos * Per Cent Released LiqAmmPhos )

EM PotNit = (AC PotNit * Per Cent Released PotNit )

EM Misc = (AC Misc * Per Cent R eleased Misc )

EM Mix

- N

- P

- K = =

(AC Mix * Per Cent Released Mix

- N

- P

- K )

EM AnhyAmm =

(AC AnhyAmm * Per Cent Released AnhyAmm )

EM AqueAmm = (AC AqueAmm * Per Cent Released AqueAmm )

Where:

AC AmmNit = Activity level (amount of Ammonium Nitrate fe rtilizer

applied per county) (Appendix 8.**)

Per Cent Released AmmNit = Per Cent of NH3 released during fertilizer application198

3.1.9.10 Human Breath and Perspiration

SCC: 28 10 010 000 (Human Perspiration)

Description

Ammonia emissions from human breath and perspiration comprise a few percent of the national

ammonia emission inventory.

Data Sources

Activity Data Source

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factor Data Source

Emission factors were ob tain from 2007 CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 run and is presented

in the table below:

Emission Factors and Source

Emission Category Emission Factor

Kg NH3/person*month Source of

Emission Factor

Human Breathe & Perspiration 0.0367 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Meth od Sources

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from human breathe and perspiration is

simple: count the number of people, and then multiply this by the average emissions per person

and the resulting value provides the emissions. The CMU Amm onia Model v.3.6 program

utilizes this approach, a methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory

for other categories.

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions from human breathe and perspiration in an individual county

EM HUMAN B&P = AC HUMAN * EF HUMAN B&P

Where:

EM HUMAN B&P = Total NH3 emissions from human breathe and perspiration

AC HUMAN = Activity level (number) of people per county

EF HUMAN B&P = Emission factor for human breathe and perspiration199



## 4.0 NONROAD SOURCES

4.1 NONROAD VEHICLE S/ENGINES

This section contains the nonroad source emission inventory for volatile organic compounds

(VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SO X ), particulate matter

(PM2.5 and PM10), ammonia (NH3), and toxic air pollutants. N onroad mobile sources include

motorized vehicles and equipment that are normally not operated on public roadways to provide

transportation. Nonroad mobile sources explained within are broken up into the following

categories:

 Railroads

 Commercial aviati on

 Air taxis

 General aviation

 Military aviation

 Commercial marine vessels200

4.2 RAILROADS

SCC: 22 85 002 006 (Class I

- Line Haul)

SCC: 22 85 002 007 (Class II and III)

SCC: 22 85 002 008 (Passenger)

SCC: 22 85 0 02 009 (Commuter)

SCC: 22 85 002 010 (Yard Engines)

Railroad locomotives used in the United States are primarily of two types: electric and diesel

electric. Electric locomotives are powered by electricity generated at stationary po wer plants.

Emissions are produced only at the electrical generation plant, which is considered a point source

and therefore not included here. Diesel

- electric locomotives, on the other hand, use a diesel

engine and an alternator or generator to produce the electricity required to power its traction

motors. Emissions produced by these diesel engines are of interest in emission inventory

development. Other sources of emissions from railroad operations include the small gasoline and

diesel engines used on refrigerated and heated rail cars. These engines are thermostatically

controlled, working independently of train motive power, and fall in the category of nonroad

equipment, addressed elsewhere in this document.

Locomotives can perform two different typ es of operations: Line Haul and Yard. Line haul

locomotives, which perform the line haul operations, generally travel between distant locations,

such as from one city to another. Yard locomotives, which perform yard operations, are primarily

responsible for moving railcars within a particular railway yard. The use of these engines can be

further divided into subcategories such as, Class 1, Class 2, Class3, Passenger, and Commuter.

Rail Classification

– Subcategory Description:

1. A Class I railroad is a large freight railroad company, with annual operating revenue in access
of $250 million dollars as defined by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and Bureau of

Labor Statistics (BLS).

2. Class II railroads are mid

- sized freight

- hauling railroads with revenues greater than $20.5

million, but less than $250 million for at least three consecutive years. Switching and terminal

railroads are excluded from Class II status.

3. A Class III railroad s annual operating revenue is less than $20 million. Class III railroads are

typically local short line railroads, serving a few towns or industries; many Class III railroads were

once part of larger railroads.

Class II and Class III are also defined by different labor regulations creating the two classes.

4. Passeng er Railroad consists of passenger trains or passenger

- carrying vehicles. It may be a

self powered railcars, or else a combination of one or more engines and one or more unpowered

trailers. These trains travel station to station or to a depot where passenge rs board and get off,

usually operate on a fixed schedule. Description201

5. Commuter rail , also called suburban rail , transport passengers, but only between a city and

outer suburbs or near by towns where people need to travel to on a daily basis, for reasons like

wo rking. Commuter trains also operate by schedules.

PM2.5

- PRI, SOx, NOx, CO, VOC and HAPs

The following thirteen railroad companies operate in Maryland and were asked to provide the

amount of fuel used in 2011, and the di stribution of the company's track mileage by Maryland

County:

Railroad Company Railroad Classification

1. AMTRAK Passenger Railroad

2. Canton Railroad Company Class III

- Yard Railroad

3. CSX Transportation, Incorporated Class I

– Yard Railroad

4. Bay Coast Railroad Class II Railroad

5. Maryla nd & Delaware Railroad Company Class I

– Yard Railroad

6. Maryland Midland Railway, Incorporated Class II

– Yard Railroad

7. Norfolk and Southern Railway Company Class I

– Yard Railroad

8 . R. G. Steel Railroad Holdings LLC Class III Railroad

9. Western Maryland Scenic Railroad Class III Railroad

10. Winchester and Western Railroad Company Class III Railroad

11. MARC Commuter Railroad

12. Walkersville Southern Railroad Passenger

– Yard Railroad

For CSX and Norfolk railroad operating statistics contained in R

- 1 reports obtained from the

Surfa ce Transportation Board under the Office of Economics, Environmental Analysis and

Administration were used to add in estimating the amount of fuel used within the state.

MDE received fuel usage and track mileage data from all the railroads. Fuel usage was proportioned to each county by the amount of track miles each company utilized in a county.

Activity

A survey of railroad petroleum consumption and track mileage was conducted.

Emission Factor

Emission factors were obtained from the EPA's Procedures for Emission Inventory

Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources , 1992.

TABLE 4.4.1

- a Emission Factor for Locomotives

Line Haul Yard Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources :202 VOC 0.0179 lbs/gal VOC 0.0325lbs/gal

NOx 0.3285 lbs/gal NOx 0.5181 lbs/gal

CO 0.0587 lbs/gal CO 0.058 7 lbs/gal

SO2 0.0001 lbs/gal SO2 0.0001 lbs/gal

PM10 0.0097 lbs/gal PM10 0.0117 lbs/gal

PM25 0.0094 lbs/gal PM25 0.0113 lbs/gal

SO 2 emissions were calculated based on a sulfur content percent weight.

EPA estimates that yard locomotives o perate 365 days per year (assuming that when a yard engine

is taken in for repairs it is replaced during this period) and consumes an average of 228 gallons per

day.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

Controls through Tier regulations were included in the EPA estimated emission factors.

Spatial

Emission estimates are based on fuel consumption. Company supplied state total fuel usage

was allocated to the county level by the proportion of track miles used in a particular county.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

When specific county information was not provided, the following equations were used to

compute the amount of fuel consumed by each railroad in each Maryland County.

G CTY = M CTY * G ST Point Source

Adjustments

Adj ustments

for Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation203 M ST

Where:

M CTY = mileage of company tracks in the county

M ST = mileage of company tracks in the state

G ST = amount of total fue l used in gallons by the company in the state

G CTY = amount of total fuel used in gallons by the company in the county

The following equation was used to calculate the emissions for line haul locomotives from each

railroad company operating in a county

.

E LH

– i

– CTY j = Fuel CTY x EF LH
2000

Where:

E LH

– i

– CTY j = Emissions from line haul railroad locomotives for pollutant i in County j

Fuel CTY j = Total amount of fuel consumed by every railroad operating in the

calculated cou nty

Fuel CTY j = (G cty1 + G cty2 + ... + G cty12 )

EF LH = line haul locomotive emission factor for a given pollutant

The following equation was used to calculate the yearly emissions for yard locomotives from each

railroad company operating in a c ounty.

E YL

– i

– CTY j = N YL

– i

– CTY j x 228 x EF YL x 365

2000

Where:

E YL

– i

– CTY j = Emissions from yard locomotives for pollutant i in County j

N YL

– i

– CTY j = number of yard locomotives operated by each railroad company in

county j

N YL

– i

– CTY j = (N cty1 + N cty2 + ... + N cty12 )

EF YL = Yard locomotive emission factor for a given pollutant

Example Calculations:

Montgomery County Emissions (not reflected in emissions table)

Line Haul Emission Estimate

AMTRAK, CSX, and MARC operated line haul locomotives in the county. AMTRAK also

operated one yard (switcher) locomotive in the county.

Amount of fuel used in gallons by AMTRAK’s line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:204

G cty1 = 25,463.8 gallons used in Montg omery Co. per year by AMTRAK

(Information provided by AMTRAK)

Amount of fuel used in gallons used by CSX Transportation line haul locomotives in Montgomery

County:

G cty4 = 36.37 track miles in Montgomery Co. for CSX x 10,512,431.53 gallons used in state per

year 514.97 track miles in the state for CSX

G cty4 = 742,445.45 gallons used in Montgomery Co. per year by CSX

Amount of fuel in gallons used by MARC line haul locomotives in Montgomery C ounty:

G cty12 = 28 track miles in Montgomery Co. fo r MARC x 1,782,750 gallons used in state per year

156 track miles in the state for MARC

G cty12 = 319980.77 gallons used in Montgomery Co. per year by MARC

VOC Emissions from line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

EM VOC = (25,463.8 gal / yr + 742,445.45 gal / yr + 319980.77 gal / yr ) * 0.0213 lbs. VOC /gal

(2000 lbs. per ton)

EM VOC = 11.53 tons VOC / year

NOx Emissions from line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

EM NOX = (25,463.8 gal / yr + 742,445.45 gal / yr + 319980.77 gal / yr ) * 0.4931 lbs. NOX /gal

(2000 lbs. per ton)

EM NOX = 268.20 tons NOX / year

CO Emissions from line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

EM CO = (25,463.8 gal / yr + 742,445.45 gal / yr + 319980.77 gal / yr ) * 0.0626 lbs. CO / gal

(2000 l bs. per ton)

EM CO = 34.05 tons CO / year

Yard Locomotives Emission Estimate

CSX operated 2 yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

VOC Emissions from yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

EM VOC = (2 engine * 228 gallons per engine per day * 0.0509 l bs. VOC / gallon) * 365

(2000 lbs. per ton)205

EM VOC = 4.23 tons VOC / year

NOx Emissions from yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

EM NOX = (2 engine * 228 gallons per engine per day * 0.5044 lbs. NOX / gallon) * 365

(2000 lbs. per ton)

EM NOX = 41.98 tons NOX / year

CO Emissions from yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

EM CO = (2 engine * 228 gallons per engine per day * 0.0894 lbs. CO / gallon) * 365

(2000 lbs. per ton)

EM CO = 7.45 tons CO / year

Total Emissions

Emissions from main tenance equipment used in the switching yards w ere calculated using the

EPA’s Non

- Road Model and then added for the appropriate county.

Total VOC Emissions for Montgomery County:

Emis VOC = 11.53 tons / year from line haul + 4.23 tons / year from yard + 0.4745 tons VOC / year

from EPA Non

- Road Model.

Emis VOC = 16.23 tons VOC / year

Total NOx Emissions for Montgomery C ounty:

Emis NOx = 268.20 tons / year from line haul + 41.98 tons / year from yard + 0.1825 tons NOx /

year from EPA Non

- Road Model.

Emis NOx = 310.36 tons NOx / year

Total CO Emissions for Montgomery C ounty:

Emis CO = 34.05 tons / year from line haul + 7.45 tons / year from yard + 18.9.1 tons CO / year

from EPA Non

- Road Model.

Emis CO = 60.47 tons CO / year206

4.3 AIRCRAFT

SCC: 22 75 020 000 (Commercial Aircraft)

SCC: 22 75 050 000 (General Aviation)

SCC: 22 75 060 000 (Air Taxi)

SCC: 22 75 001 000 (Military Aviation)

This category includes three sub

- categories identified as: commercial aircra ft, general aviation,

and military aircraft. Commercial aircraft are used in regularly scheduled flights transporting

passengers, freight, or both. General aviation, which includes air taxis and commuter aviation, is

used for recreational flying, busines s travel, personal transportation, and various other activities.

Military aviation is the operation and activities of military aircraft at airports in Maryland. Air

Taxi operation can be separated into its own subcategory.

PRI

- PM 10 , PRI

- PM 2.5 , SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

ARMA used a variety of sources for data and emission calculation methods as follows:

Data sources

1) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) website contains airport activity statistics for

some Maryland airports and air fields by subcategory description, plane, and engine

types.

2) Landing and takeoff cycle information was obtained from the Maryland Aviation

Administration for BWI, Martin State, Military Bases, several large, and several small

airport and air fields.

3) The MDE’s Emission Inventory section also performed a statewide survey to obtain

LTO, engine type, location, and usage data from over 200 individual airports and air

fields.

Methods sources

1) For general aviation ARMA used emission factors supplied in Proc edures for Emission

Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources , EPA’s Office of Mobile Sources,

1992. This source provided emission factors for specific commercial engine types, and

alternative fleet average factors for general aviation, air taxis, and commuter aircraft.

2) For military aircraft ARMA used a composite factor from section 5.2.5, Table 5

- 7 of

Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources , 1988.

This method required ARMA to collect LTO data rather than specific a ircraft data.

For the 2011 inventory ARMA requested operation data for military aircraft from

Maryland Army, Navy, and Air Force base environmental support offices. Description:

Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources207

3) For commercial aviation ARMA used FAA’s EDMS 84 emissions model and databases.

EDMS is des igned to assess the air quality impacts of airport emission sources,

particularly aviation sources, which consist of aircraft, auxiliary power units, and

ground support equipment. EDMS features the latest aircraft engine emission factors

from the Internat ional Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emissions

Data Bank, vehicle emission factors from EPA MOBILE 6.2, and EPA

- validated

dispersion algorithms. Aircraft activity includes landside and airside operations.

EDMS defines four distinct mod es of aircraft operation based upon EPA and FAA

guidance: approach, taxi/idle, takeoff, and climb out. Together, these four modes

constitute one Landing and Takeoff (LTO) cycle. EDMS calculates aircraft emissions

based on these four modes.

4) For all air craft types, ARMA used a default mixing height value of 3,000 feet above

ground level. The mixing height is the layer of air where airplane emissions affect

ground level emission concentrations. Above the mixing level, pollutants are

transported away acc ording to sections 5.2.2 of the 1992 Procedures. Because of the

mixing height, ARMA assigned all aircraft emissions from a particular airport to the

county where that airport was located. We assumed no seasonal variation and a seven

day per week activity level.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not availabl e for this source.

Temporal

In EDMS actual weather (annual average values or hourly values) are in used for both

modeling.

84 Emissions & Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) Version 5.1 for Windows from CSSI, Inc. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls

Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations208



### 4.3.1 Commercial Aircraft

SCC: 22 75 020 000

Steps in Creating and Airport Emission Inventory in EDMS:

1) Open the EDMS model and c reate a new study for the airport in question. Choose the airport

identification code. Enter the parameters (name, measuring and reporting units, and analysis

year you want modeled).

2) Provide EDMS with information to compute the emissions inventory. Beg in by matching

engines with aircraft and assigning them to the study. Select the aircraft to be used in the

study (data that is collected from the airport) by picking the aircraft name from the menus.

EDMS automatically associates specific aircraft with certain engine types (Choose from list).

3) For each aircraft fill in the yearly LTO cycles provided by surveying the airport.

4) Each time you fill in LTOs the model will automatically default the taxi time and queue time

specific to the specified airport or use the EDMS provide default values.

5) Continue to add each aircraft/engine type, LTO cycle until all are LTOs are entered for that

study.

6) EDMS has tables built into the model that associate aircraft type with the number of engines,

auxiliary power units an d ground support equipment. The model also assigns default values

for Takeoff Time (typically 0.3 minutes), Climb

- out Time (typically 5 minutes), and Approach

Time (typically 6 minutes).

7) If emissions from parking lots, roadways, stationary sources, and training fires are also

required, complete the dialog boxes associated with each of these subcategories.

8) Run the EDMS emission inventory program and view the results.

The data for aircraft engines listed below in Table 4.5.1

- a

, are defaults used to calculate emissions

within the EDMS Model. Each mode of operation, such as, annual LTO operations, average taxi

time, approach, climb

- out, takeoff, and annual queue times are used in the estimation of emissions,

but LTO operations was tak en from FAA and airport records.

TABLE 4.5.1

- a EDMS Aircraft & Engine Estimated Averages and Defaults Data

Aircraft

Name Aircraft

Type Engine

Assigned Approach

Time

(min) Climb

- out

Time

(min) Takeoff

Time

(min) Annual

LTO Taxi

Time

(min) Queu e

Time

(min)

Falcon 100 GA TFE731

- 3 1.60 0.50 0.40 1825 10.50 3.00

P

- 337P Skymaster GA TSIO

- 360C 4.50 2.50 0.50 9490 10.50 3.00

550 Citation GA JT15D

- 4 (B,C,D) 1.60 0.50 0.40 2190 10.50 3.00

A320 Comm CFM56

- 5B4 4.00 2.20 0.70 2555 10.50 3.00

AH

- 1 Mil itary T53

- L

- 11D 6.80 6.80 0.00 1825 10.50 3.00

ATR42 Comm PW120 4.50 2.50 0.50 2190 10.50 3.00

B727

- 100 Comm JT8D

- 7A 4.00 2.20 0.70 8030 10.50 3.00

B737

- 200 Comm JT8D

- 15A 4.00 2.20 0.70 21900 10.50 3.00

B737

- 300 Comm CFM56

- 3B 4.00 2.20 0.70 13140 10.50 3.00

B737

- 400 Comm CFM56

- 3B 4.00 2.20 0.70 3650 10.50 3.00 Emissions

Calculation209

B737

- 500 Comm CFM56

- 3B 4.00 2.20 0.70 8030 10.50 3.00

B737

- 700 Comm CFM56

- 3C

- 1 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

B747

- 100 Comm JT9D

- 7A 4.00 2.20 0.70 183 10.50 3.00

B757

- 200 Comm PW2037 4.00 2.20 0.70 7665 10.50 3.00

B767

- 200 Comm CF6

- 80A (A1) 4.00 2.20 0.70 1095 10.50 3.00

BAE ATP Comm PT6A

- 45 4.00 2.20 0.70 2555 10.50 3.00

BH

- 1900 Comm PT6A

- 65B 1.60 0.50 0.40 3285 10.50 3.00

C

- 12A/B/C Military PT6A

- 41 3.50 0.80 0.40 730 10.50 3.00

C

- 130 Her cules Military T56

- A

- 16 5.10 1.20 0.40 365 10.50 3.00

C

- 9A Military JT8D

- 9 5.10 1.20 0.40 365 10.50 3.00

Canadair Reg

- 100 Comm CF34

- 3A1 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

Cessna 150 GA O

- 200 6.00 5.00 0.30 5110 10.50 3.00

Convair liner Comm RDA10 4.50 2.50 0.50 365 10.50 3.00

DC10

- 10 Comm CF6

- 50C 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

DC9

- 10 Comm JT8D

- 7A 4.00 2.20 0.70 4380 10.50 3.00

DHC

- 8 Comm PW120 4.50 2.50 0.50 3650 10.50 3.00

DHC

- 8

- 400 Comm PW123 4.50 2.50 0.50 18250 10.50 3.00

F

- 16 Military F100

- PW

- 100 3. 50 0.80 0.40 183 10.50 3.00

F

- 27 Series Military RDa7 4.50 2.50 0.50 365 10.50 3.00

Fokker 100 GA TAY650 4.00 2.20 0.70 365 10.50 3.00

H

- 46 Sea Knight Military T58

- GE

- 8F 6.80 6.80 0.00 183 10.50 3.00

Kingair B200 GA PT6A

- 41 1.60 0.50 0.40 5840 10.50 3. 00

Learjet 25B GA CJ610

- 6 1.60 0.50 0.40 1460 10.50 3.00

MD

- 11 Comm CF6

- 80C2D1F 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

MD

- 80 Comm JT8D

- 209 4.00 2.20 0.70 4563 10.50 3.00

MD

- 80

- 88 Comm JT8D

- 217 4.00 2.20 0.70 1825 10.50 3.00

MD

- 90

- 10 Comm V2525

- D5 4.00 2.20 0.7 0 365 10.50 3.00

Porter PC6/B2 Military PT6A

- 27 4.50 2.50 0.50 730 10.50 3.00

SF

- 340

- A Comm CT7

- 5 4.50 2.50 0.50 730 10.50 3.00

Swearingen Merlin Comm TPE331

- 3 4.50 2.50 0.50 2920 10.50 3.00

Swearingen Merlin Comm TPE331

- 3 4.50 2.50 0.50 365 10.50 3.00

Once all of the data is entered into the model, the model produces an emission inventory. Annual

emission totals inventory are listed in the table below:

The model will also produce an inventory specific to each aircraft type, which allows the data to

be separated into types (commercial, general aviation, and military) of operation. For BWI the

separation results in the following:

TABLE 4.5.1

- b BWI Category Emissions Summary Using EDMS

NAME CO

Tons/year VOC

Tons/year NOX

Tons/year SOX

Tons/year P M10

Tons/year PM2.5

Tons/year

Commercial Aircraft 2553.98 322.80 1859.37 220.17 20.72 20.72

General Aviation 237.06 29.96 172.58 20.44 1.92 1.92

Air Taxi 148.16 18.73 107.86 12.77 1.20 1.20 Military Aviation 29.63 3.75 21.57 2.55 0.24 0.24

Total 2968. 83 375.24 2161.39 255.94 24.08 24.08210

The model was run for all aircraft at BWI, Martin State, Hagerstown Regional, Ocean City

Municipal, Frederick County, and Andrews Air Force Base. Aircraft emissions for Aberdeen

Phillips Air Field, and Weide Army Air Field were submitted to ARMA by the military.



### 4.3.2 General Aviation

SCC: 22 75 050 000

E stimate s of emissions were calculated after information on the LTO operations of aircraft and

operation type s w ere obtained from Maryland’s airports. This method used the alternative fleet

average procedure of Section 5.2.4.2 of Procedures , 1992. The composite emission factors used

are listed in the table below.

TABLE 4.5.2

- a EPA Emission Factors for Aircraft

Aviation Category CO VOC NOx SO2 PM 10

- PRI PM2.5

-

PRI

(lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO)

General Aviation 12.014 0.382 0.065 0.100 0.020 0.020

Air Taxis 28.130 1.223 0.158 0.015 0.020 0.020

Military 48.800 27.10 9.160 1.430 15.23 15.23

* Requires Hydroca rbon to VOC conversion factor of 0.9708 for General Aviation and 0.9914 for

Air Taxis.

1) Emiss VOC = LTO (GA) * EF (GA) VOC

Where:

LTO (GA) = LTOs for General Aviation

EF (GA)

xx = Emission Factors for General Aviation

2) Emiss VOC = LTO (AT) * EF (AT) VO C

Where:

LTO (AT) = LTOs for Air Taxis

EF (AT)

xx = Emission factors for Air Taxis

Sample Calculation

– General Aviation:

This calculation is for Easton Airport/Newman Field in Talbot County. The airport had 11,513.5

General Aviation LTOs over a twel ve month period. Performing step 1 Equations (above) the

calculations were: Emission

Calculation211

Emiss VOC = [LTO (GA) * EF (GA) HC ]* CF (VOC/HC)

Emiss VOC = [(11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.394 (lbs. HC / LTO)] * 0.9708 (lbs. VOC / lbs. HC))))

Emiss VOC = 4,403.86 lbs. VOC / Year

Emiss VOC = 2.2 Tons VOC / Year

Emiss CO = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 12.014 (lbs. CO / LTO)]

Emiss CO = 138,323.19 lbs. of CO / Year

Emiss CO = 69.16 Tons CO / Year

Emiss NOx = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.065 (lbs. NOx / LTO)]

Emiss NOx = 748.38 lbs. of NOx / Year

Emiss NOx = 0.374 Tons NOx / Year

Emiss SO2 = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.100 (lbs. SO2 / LTO)]

Emiss SO2 = 1,151.35 lbs. of SO2 / Year

Emiss SO2 = 0.576 Tons SO2 / Year

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.020 (lbs. PM10 / LTO)]

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = 230. 27 lbs. of PM PM2.5

- PRI / Year

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = 0.115 Tons PM PM2.5

- PRI / Year

Sample Calculation

– Air Taxi:

This calculation is for Easton Airport/Newman Field in Talbot County. The airport had 1,247.5

Air Taxi Aviation LTOs over a twelve month period . Performing step 1 Equations (above) the

calculations were:

Emiss VOC = [L (AT) * EF (AT) HC ]* CF (VOC/HC)

Emiss VOC = [(1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 1.234 (lbs. HC / LTO)] * 0.9914 (lbs. VOC / lbs. HC))))

Emiss VOC = 1,526.18 lbs. VOC / Year

Emiss VOC = 0.763 T ons VOC / Year

Emiss CO = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 28.130 (lbs. CO / LTO)]

Emiss CO = 35,092.18 lbs. of CO / Year

Emiss CO = 17.55 Tons CO / Year

Emiss NOx = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 0.158 (lbs. NOx / LTO)]

Emiss NOx = 197.11 lbs. of NOx / Year

Emiss NOx = 0.09 9 Tons NOx / Year

Emiss SO2 = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 0.015 (lbs. SO2 / LTO)]

Emiss SO2 = 18.71 lbs. of SO2 / Year

Emiss SO2 = 0.009 Tons SO2 / Year

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 0.020 (lbs. PM / LTO)]

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = 24.95 lbs. of PM PM2.5

- PRI / Year

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = 0.012 Tons PM PM2.5

- PRI / Year212



### 4.3.3 Military Aircraft

SCC: 22 75 001 000

There are five military airports in Maryland. They are Andrews Air Force Base, Fort

Meade/Tipton, Aberdeen, Patuxent River Naval Air Station, and Martin State A irport. ARMA

received LTO and onsite emission information from some military airports and emission totals

from others due to national security concerns. Most of the county airports also receive a small

number of military operations.

Since ARMA asked for and received LTO information by aircraft operation type, ARMA used

composite emission factors from Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV:

Mobile Sources, 1988 and the EDMS model (version 5.1).

TABLE 4.5.3

- a EPA Emission Factors for Military Aircraft

CO

(lbs./LTO) VOC

(lbs./LTO) NOx

(lbs./LTO) SO2

(lbs./LTO) PM

(lbs./LTO)

Military Aircraft 48.80 27.10 9.160 1.43 15.230

1) Emiss VOC = L(MA) * EF(MA) VOC

Where:

L(MA) = LTOs for Military Aircraft

EF(MA)

xx = Emission factors for Military Aircraft

This calculation is for Patuxent River Naval Air Station in St. Mary’s county. The airport had

82,331 LTOs in 2011. Using step 1 from Equations (above) the calculations were:

Emiss VOC = [L (AT) * EF (MA) HC ]

Emiss VOC = [(82,331 LTOs / Year * 27.10 (lbs. VOC / LTO)]

Emiss VOC = 2,231,170.1 lbs. VOC / Year

Emiss VOC = 1,115.59 Tons VOC / Year

Emiss CO = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 48.80 (lbs. CO / LTO)]

Emiss CO = 4,017,752.8 lbs. of CO / Ye ar

Emiss CO = 2,008.88 Tons CO / Year

Emiss NOx = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 9.160 (lbs. NOx / LTO)]

Emiss NOx = 754,151.96 lbs. of NOx / Year Method and

Data Source s

Emissions

Calculation213

Emiss NOx = 377.08 Tons NOx / Year

Emiss SO2 = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 1.43 (lbs. SO2 / LTO)]

Emiss SO2 = 117,733.33 lbs. of SO2 / Year

Emiss SO2 = 58.87 Tons SO2 / Year

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 15.23 (lbs. PM / LTO)]

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = 1,253,901.13 lbs. of PM PM2.5

- PRI / Year

Emiss PM2.5

- PRI = 626.95 Tons PM PM2.5

- PRI / Year214

4.4 M ARINE VESSELS

SCC : 2280002100 (Diesel Oil

– Port)

2280002200 (Diesel Oil

– Underway)

2280003100 (Residual Oil

– Port)

2280003200 (Residual Oil

– Underway)

Description

Commercial vessels inc lude all boats and ships used either directly or indirectly for commerce or

military activity. These include vessels ranging in size from 20

- foot charter boats to the largest

tankers and military vessels, which can exceed 1,000 feet in length.

PM2.5

- FIL, PM10

- FIL, SO 2 , NOx, CO, HC, CO 2, VOC, NH3, and 22 HAPS

MDE used marine vessels data prepared by the Baltimore Maritime Exchange (BME). BME

vessel data was analyzed to major categories associated with ship and port operations and t heir

relationship to air quality issues in the Baltimore non

- attainment area.

To calculated emissions from commercial marine vessels, MDE adapted the marine emission

inventory guidance method outlined in Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessels Emissions a nd

Fuel Consumption Data (EPA

- 450

- R

- 00

- 002), February 2000. The methodology is based on a

three

- step calculation. The first step apportions the time spent by a vessel in a port area to different

operating modes. The second calculates fuel consumption in e ach operating mode. The third step

calculates emissions using fuel consumption specific emission factors, which is how marine

engine emission factors have been historically specified. All of these calculations are made by

vessel type and class, with the ty pe specifying whether the vessel is a tanker, passenger liner, etc,

and the class specifying either the weight or horsepower range.

This new methodology considers new information collected on marine vessels. The other factors

used in the emission estimate computation are examined, with particular focus on the emission

factors, for all pollutants of concern. One reason for a detailed reconsideration of the emission

factors is that a number of large marine diesels have been tested for emissions and their test s results have become available in the last few years. In addition, both the EPA and CARB have

recently sponsored studies to calculate marine vessel emissions in the South Coast Air Basin and

in some areas of Region IX, so that there is a body of new resea rch available to update emission

factors. Hence, the use of a larger and newer database on marine vessel emission is expected to

substantially improve the quality of the derived emission factors

Activity

The computation of emissions can be performed by sh ip type for a given port and requires

the following inputs: Pollutants

Method and

Data Sources215

 The number of calls to the port by vessel class and deadweight tonnage.

 The time spent, by ship type, in each of four operating modes defines as: normal cruise,

slow cruise, maneuvering, and host elling.

Emission Factors

Emission rates were calculated per pollutant (except SO2) per vessel type per mode of

operation within the guidance document using the following formula:

E (i) = a * (Fractional Load)

– x + b

Where:

E (i) = Emission rate of pollu tant i in grams per kilowatt

- hour

a = Coefficient

x = Exponent

b = Intercept

Emission rates were calculated per pollutant (SO2 only) per vessel type per mode of operation

within the guidance document using the following formula:

E (SO2) = a * (Fuel Su lfur Flow in g/kW

- hr) + b

The marine engine emission factor and fuel consumption algorithms are presented in the table

below:

TABLE 4.6.1

- a Marine Engine Emission Factor and Fuel Consumption

Pollutant Exponent (x) Intercept (b) Coefficient (a)

PM 1.5 0.2551 0.0059

NOx 1.5 10.4496 0.1255

SO2 1 0 2.3735

CO 1 0 0.8378

HC 1.5 0 0.0667

CO2 1 648.6 44.1 The marine engine emission rates in grams per kilowatt

- hour are presented in the table below:

Vessel Type Cruise Slow Cruise Maneuvering Hoteling

PM10

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr) PM10

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr) PM 10

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr) PM10

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 0.75 0.2784 0.75 0.75

General Cargo 0.75 0.2836 0.75 0.75

Passenger 1.14 0.3211 1.14 1.14

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 0.75 0.291 0.75 0.75

All non

- oceangoing 1.14 0.2784 1.14 1.14

PM2.5

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr) PM2.5

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr) PM2.5

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr) PM2.5

- FIL

(gr/kw

- hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 0.28 0.2784 0.28 0.28216 Vessel Type Cruise Slow Cruise Maneuvering Hoteling

General Cargo 0.28 0.2836 0.28 0.28

Passenger 1.1 0.3211 1.1 1.1

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 0.28 0.291 0.28 0.28

All non

- oceangoing 1.1 0.2784 1.1 1.1

SO2

(gr/kw

- hr) SO2

(gr/kw

- hr) SO2

(gr/kw

- hr) SO2

(gr/kw

- hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 6.16 28.6027 6.16 11 .1

General Cargo 6.16 29.2012 6.16 11.1

Passenger 11.1 32.7919 11.1 57.9273

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 6.16 29.9991 6.16 11.1

All non

- oceangoing 11.1 28.6027 11.1 11.1

CO

(gr/kw

- hr) CO

(gr/kw

- hr) CO

(gr/kw

- hr) CO

(gr/kw

- hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 1.1 2.0945 1.1 1.1

General Cargo 1.1 2.3937 1.1 1.1

Passenger 1.1 4.189 1.1 1.1

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 1.1 2.7927 1.1 1.1

All non

- oceangoing 1.1 2.0945 1.1 1.1

HC

(gr/kw

- hr) HC

(gr/kw

- hr) HC

( gr/kw

- hr) HC

(gr/kw

- hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 0.4 0.2637 0.4 0.4

General Cargo 0.4 0.3221 0.4 0.4

Passenger 0.4 0.7457 0.4 0.4

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 0.4 0.4059 0.4 0.4

All non

- oceangoing 0.4 0.2637 0.4 0.4

CO2

(gr/kw

- hr) CO 2

(gr/kw

- hr) CO2

(gr/kw

- hr) CO2

(gr/kw

- hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 620.62 758.85 620.62 620.62

General Cargo 620.62 774.6 620.62 620.62

Passenger 620.62 869.1 620.62 620.62

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 620.62 795.6 620.62 620.62

All non

- oceangoing 620.62 758.85 620.62 620.62

No point source emissions were subtracted from the area source inventory. Point Source

Adjustments

Adjustment for

Controls217

No controls are available for this source category.

Sp atial

Divided cruise emissions out to counties along travel route.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from commercial marine vessels is:

Emissions igh = Tr ips i x Power ih x LF i g x Time i g x EF i

a. Trips i = Number of trips or vessel calls by vessel (i) and engine type (h)

b. Power i = rated power of propulsion engine by vessel (i) and engine type (h)

c. LF i g = Load factor (fraction of rated power) in mode g (cruise, slow cruise or maneuvering)

d. Time ig = average time for each mode by vessel (i) and mode (g) (hours)

This information can be obtained from local Port Authorities. If information is not available

for certain ports, EPA developed a port matching method that can be used to match an

unknown port to a port with detailed characteristics (EPA, 2002).

e. EF i h = Emission factor in mode (i) and by engine type (h)

Emission Factors

- Commercial Marine Emission Inventory Development

(EPA420

- R

- 02

- 019, July 2002)

TIME VCC, DWT, MODE = CALLS VCC, DWT x LENGTH VCC, DWT x %TIME VCC, DWT,

MODE

100

EMISSIONS VCC, DWT, MODE = (EF)(LF MODE ) x (HP) (DWT) x LF MODE x TIME VCC, DWT,

MODE

Where:

VCC is the vessel class (bulk carrier, tanke r, container, general cargo, passenger, reefer,

RORO, tug, vehicle carrier, or miscellaneous)

DWT is the deadweight tons

EF is the emissions factor

LF is the mode specific load factor Spatial and

Temporal

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation218

For the calculation, the TIME equation req uires port areas input es timat ion data from port calls,

vessel types and typical times in different operating modes. Three different speeds were

considered: cruising, reduced speed zone (RSZ), and maneuvering. For port calculations, diesel

and residual fueled ships can use the s ame calculation methodology.

W hile the guidance method outlined in Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessels Emissions and

Fuel Consumption Data (EPA

- 450

- R

- 00

- 002), February 2000, provides the EF and HP

relationships.

Data on the type of vessels, number o f calls per vessel type, deadweight tons per vessel type, and

time in each mode per vessel type using Baltimore port facilities came from the Baltimore

Maritime Exchange (BME).

In addition, the BME provided data that translated into approximately 85 per cent of the vessels

arriving from the south (up the Chesapeake Bay) and 15 percent of the vessels arriving from the

north (down from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal). The data allowed MDE to allocate slow

cruising emissions to the appropriate counties t o the north and south of the Port of Baltimore.

Emissions associated with "normal cruising" were assumed by MDE not to have occurred while in

the Maryland air shed.

All of the maneuvering and hoteling emissions were assigned to the City of Baltimore.

# Appendix B 2

Area and Non

- Nonroad Model

Inventory Document

( Virginia Department of Environment al Quality )(12708thousand gallons)(10563Employees)(0.2lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2102004000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Distillate Oil

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.07744 tons/year VOC 154.88549 lb/year VOC

(StIDisti)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.07744 * / /

0.0002482DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Oil

Tier 3 Description: Distillate EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil This category covers non-point industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume distillate fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes. Small Stationary Source Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion

2011 statewide industrial distillate oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were subtracted from the EIA state total fuel consumption. The remaining statewide industrial distillate fuel consumption attributed to nonpoint sources was apportioned from a state level to a county level based on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a

potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment.(5926kgal)(10563Employees)(0.28lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2102005000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Residual Oil

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.05056 tons/year VOC 101.11677 lb/year VOC (StIResid)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.05056 * / /

0.000162DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Oil

Tier 3 Description: Residual EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil This category covers industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume residual fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes. Small Stationary Source Industrial Residual Oil Combustion

2011 statewide industrial residual oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA total state fuel consumption value in order to avoid double counting fuel in the non-point source inventory

that has already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide industrial residual oil consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on employment data for NAICS 31-33 which was obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater

than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment.(21453million cubic feet)(10563Employees)(5.5lb/mil cubic ft)(0.48)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2102006000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Natural Gas

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.7257 tons/year VOC 3451.4014 lb/year VOC (StINGas)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.7257 * / /

0.0055311DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Gas

Tier 3 Description: Natural EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Natural Gas This category covers non-point industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume natural gas for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes. Small Stationary Source Industrial Natural Gas Combustion

2011 statewide industrial natural gas fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted in order to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source emission inventory that have already been

accounted for in the VDEQ point source emission inventory. The remaining statewide industrial natural gas consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a county level based

on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC

employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment.(26342858553180btu)(10563Employees)(0.000000058tons/btu)(0.1768lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(ActCF)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2102008000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 8.23089 tons/year VOC 16461.77667 lb/year VOC (StIWood)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(btu to tons)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 8.23089 * / /

0.0263811DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Other

Tier 3 Description: Wood/Bark Waste EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Biomass This emission inventory category covers industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume wood and wood waste used as a fuel for the operation of space heating, boiler operation,

energy generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes. Small Stationary Source Industrial Wood Combustion

2011 statewide industrial wood and wood waste consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ

air permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA state fuel consumption total to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source inventory that

have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide industrial wood and wood waste consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state non-point fuel consumption down to a county level.(396thousand gallons)(10563Employees)(0.19lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2102011000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Kerosene

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.00229 tons/year VOC 4.58514 lb/year VOC (StIKero)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.00229 * / /

0.0000073DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Other

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil This category covers non-point industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume kerosene for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation and other industrial manufacturing purposes. Small Stationary Source Industrial Kerosene Combustion

2011 statewide industrial kerosene consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air permits

with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA statewide fuel consumption total to avoid double counting. The remaining statewide industrial kerosene

consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources

with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption down to the

county level.(34686tons)(506572Employees)(0.05lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103002000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.15793 tons/year VOC 315.85954 lb/year VOC

(StCBit)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.15793 * / /

0.0000003DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Coal

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Coal This emission inventory category covers commercial/institutional fuel combustion sources that consume bituminous and subbituminous coal for the operation of space heating, boilers, energy

generation, and other commercial and institutional purposes. Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion

2011 statewide commercial bituminous coal fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with permitted facilities

with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted. The remaining statewide commercial bituminous coal consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a

county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified

in the VEC employment data and manually removed in order to avoid double counting of the emissions from these sources in both the point source and non-point inventories.(19065.49kgal)(506572Employees)(0.34lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103004000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Distillate Oil

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.59029 tons/year VOC 1180.58337 lb/year VOC

(StCDisti)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.59029 * / /

0.0000013DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Oil

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume distillate oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation and other commercial/institutional purposes. Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion

2011 statewide commercial distillate oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA state total fuel consumption value to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source inventory

that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial distillate oil consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption data down to a county level.(504kgal)(506572Employees)(1.13lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103005000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Residual Oil

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.05186 tons/year VOC 103.72388 lb/year VOC (StCResid)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.05186 * / /

0.0000001DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Oil

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume residual fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other commercial/institutional purposes. Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion

2011 statewide commercial residual oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA state total fuel consumption estimate to prevent double counting emissions in the non-point source

emission inventory that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial residual consumption attributed to non-point

sources was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than

100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state level fuel consumption estimate down to a county level.(61001million cubic feet)(506572Employees)(5.5lb/mil cubic ft)(0.66)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103006000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Natural Gas

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 20.16431 tons/year VOC 40328.6203 lb/year VOC

(StCNGas)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 20.16431 * / /

0.0000433DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Gas

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Natural Gas This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume natural gas for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation and other commercial/institutional purposes. Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion

2011 Statewide commercial natural gas fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA statewide fuel consumption total in order to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source

inventory that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial natural gas consumption attributed to non-point sources

was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption value down to a county level.(56248kgal)(506572Employees)(0.52lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103007000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.66348 tons/year VOC 5326.96913 lb/year VOC

(StCLpGas)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.66348 * / /

0.0000057DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Misc. Fuel Comb. (Except Residential)

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Other This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume liquid petroleum gas for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation and other commercial/institutional purposes Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion

2011 statewide commercial liquid petroleum gas consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ

air permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted. The remaining statewide commercial liquid petroleum gas consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state level fuel consumption data down to a county level.(2006403786000btu)(506572Employees)(0.000000058tons/btu)(0.1768lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(ActCF)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103008000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.87356 tons/year VOC 3747.12682 lb/year VOC (StCWood)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(btu to tons)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.87356 * / /

0.000004DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Misc. Fuel Comb. (Except Residential)

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Biomass This emission inventory category covers non-point commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume wood and wood waste for the operation of space heating, boilers,

energy generation, and other commercial/institutional purposes. Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Wood Combustion

2011 statewide commercial wood fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted. The remaining statewide commercial wood consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a county

level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the

VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption estimate down to a county level.(1092kgal)(506572Employees)(0.33lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2103011000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Kerosene

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.03282 tons/year VOC 65.6306 lb/year VOC (StCKero)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.03282 * / /

0.0000001DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Misc. Fuel Comb. (Except Residential)

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil This category covers non-point commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume kerosene for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation and other commercial/institutional purposes. Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion

2011 statewide commercial kerosene fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA total fuel consumption estimate in order to avoid double counting of emissions in the non-point source

emission inventory that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial kerosene coal consumption attributed to nonpoint sources was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater

than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state fuel consumption total down to a county level.(9900tons)(1063957People)(10lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104002000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.73771 tons/year VOC 13475.41708 lb/year VOC (StRBit)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.73771 * / /

0.0000145DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Other This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume bituminous and subbituminous coal for the operation of space heating, boilers, energy

generation and other residential purposes. Small Stationary Source Residential Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion

2011 Statewide residential bituminous coal fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level

population data.(118188thousand gallons)(1063957People)(0.7lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104004000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Distillate Oil

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.63052 tons/year VOC 11261.03835 lb/year VOC (StRDisti)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.63052 * / /

0.0000121DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Distillate Oil EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Oil This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume distillate fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation, and other residential purposes. Small Stationary Source Residential Distillate Oil Combustion

2011 Statewide residential distillate fuel oil consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level population

data.(79301million cubic feet)(1063957People)(5.5lb/mil cubic ft)(0.66)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104006000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Natural Gas

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 19.59126 tons/year VOC 39182.51671 lb/year VOC (StRNGas)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 19.59126 * / /

0.0000421DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Natural Gas EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Natural Gas This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume natural gas for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines,

turbines, energy generation, and other residential purposes. Small Stationary Source Residential Natural Gas Combustion

2011 Statewide residential natural gas consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level population data.(142128kgal)(1063957People)(0.52lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104007000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.02991 tons/year VOC 10059.81499 lb/year VOC (StRLpGas)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.02991 * / /

0.0000108DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Other This category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume liquid petroleum gas for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation, and other residential purposes. Small Stationary Source Residential Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion

2011 Statewide residential liquid petroleum gas consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on2011 county level

population data.(1year)(1138800lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008100

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Fireplace: general Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 569.4 tons/year VOC 1138800 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 569.4 * / /

0.0012225DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Fireplaces EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers residential fireplaces in general where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Fireplace: general

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(1372314lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008210

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 686.157 tons/year VOC 1372314 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 686.157 * / /

0.0014732DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers non-EPA certified woodstove fireplace inserts where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(99132.4lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008220

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; non-catalytic Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 49.5662 tons/year VOC 99132.39844 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 49.5662 * / /

0.0001064DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers EPA certified non-catalytic woodstove fireplace inserts where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; non-catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(41305.2lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008230

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; catalytic Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 20.6526 tons/year VOC 41305.19922 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 20.6526 * / /

0.0000443DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers EPA certified catalytic woodstove fireplace inserts where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(119305.2lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008310

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA certified Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 59.6526 tons/year VOC 119305.20312 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 59.6526 * / /

0.0001281DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers freestanding non-EPA certified woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA certified

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(8619.42lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008320

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, non-catalytic Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.30971 tons/year VOC 8619.41992 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.30971 * / /

0.0000093DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers freestanding EPA certified non-catalytic woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, non-catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(3583.86lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008330

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, catalytic Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.79193 tons/year VOC 3583.86011 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.79193 * / /

0.0000038DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers freestanding EPA certified catalytic woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(24.067lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008400

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert) Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.01203 tons/year VOC 24.067 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.01203 * / /

0DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers freestanding and fireplace insert pellet-fired woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert)

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(49450.4lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008510

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Furnace: Indoor, cordwood-fired, non-EPA certified Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 24.7252 tons/year VOC 49450.39844 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 24.7252 * / /

0.0000531DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers indoor cordwood-fired non-EPA certified furnaces where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Furnace: Indoor, cordwood-fired, non-EPA certified

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(8579.12lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104008700

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Outdoor wood burning device, NEC (fire-pits, chimeas, etc) Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.28956 tons/year VOC 8579.12012 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.28956 * / /

0.0000092DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers fire-pits, chimeas and other miscellaneous outdoor wood burning devices where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Outdoor wood burning device, NEC (fire-pits, chimeas, etc)

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(40820lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104009000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Firelog

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 20.41 tons/year VOC 40820 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 20.41 * / /

0.0000438DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood This emission inventory category covers Fireplaces of all combustor types where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily. Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Fireplace: Total: All Combustor Types

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(6510thousand gallons)(1063957People)(0.672lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2104011000

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Kerosene

SCC_L4: Total: All Heater Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.29773 tons/year VOC 595.46642 lb/year VOC

(StRKero)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.29773 * / /

0.0000006DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Oil This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume kerosene for the operation of space heaters and/or boilers. Small Stationary Source Residential Kerosene Combustion

2011 Statewide residential kerosene fuel oil consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level

population data.(13719LTOs)(0.1207947lb/LTO)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2275070000

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Aircraft

SCC_L3: Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units

SCC_L4: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

82963214 County Loudoun County

Washington Dulles Inter

Washington Dulles Inter

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.82859 tons/year VOC 1657.18196 lb/year VOC

(Aircraft /Auxiliary Power Unit)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.82859 * / /

0.0022701DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC EF_Facility_Name

Facility EIS Emissions Process ID 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Aircraft

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Other This category covers the emissions associated with aircraft auxiliary power units Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units

Aircraft auxiliary power units emissions calculated based on number of aircraft LTOs taking place at designated airfield(1year)(156.75lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2280002200

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Marine Vessels, Commercial

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Underway emissions Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.07837 tons/year VOC 156.74995 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.07837 * / /

0.0002147DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Marine Vessels

Tier 3 Description: Diesel EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Commercial Marine Vessels This source category emission inventory covers emissions from commercial marine vessels powered by diesel engines while underway. Commercial Marine Vessels, Diesel, Underway

2011 county level commercial marine vessel emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(497.212lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2280003200

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Marine Vessels, Commercial

SCC_L3: Residual

SCC_L4: Underway emissions Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.24861 tons/year VOC 497.21201 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.24861 * / /

0.0006811DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Marine Vessels

Tier 3 Description: Diesel EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Commercial Marine Vessels This source category emission inventory covers emissions from commercial marine vessels powered by residual fuel engines while underway. Commercial Marine Vessels, Residual, Underway

2011 county level commercial marine vessel emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(21277.34lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2285002006

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Railroad Equipment

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Line Haul Locomotives: Class I Operations Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1 County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 10.63867 tons/year VOC 21277.33789 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 10.63867 * / /

0.029147DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Railroads

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Locomotives This source category emission inventory covers the emissions from Class I locomotive engines. Class I Line Haul Locomotive Engines

2011 county level Class I line haul rail emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia

state inventory.(114322.726VMT)(2.12gallons per train mile traveled)(0.0179lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2285002008

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Railroad Equipment

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Line Haul Locomotives: Passenger Trains (Amtrak) Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.16916 tons/year VOC 4338.31866 lb/year VOC

(Train_VMT_Amtrak)(Amtrak Passenger Rail)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.16916 * / /

0.0059429DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Railroads

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Locomotives This source category emission inventory covers the emissions from passenger rail locomotive engines operated by AMTRAK throughout portions of Virginia. Passenger Rail Locomotive Engines

VDEQ staff collected CY 2011 passenger rail activity data and developed a comprehensive passenger rail emission inventory in-house.(132114.656VMT)(4.55gallons per train mile traveled)(0.02981lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2285002009

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Railroad Equipment

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Line Haul Locomotives: Commuter Lines Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 8.95972 tons/year VOC 17919.43755 lb/year VOC (CommuterRailMilesTraveled)(VRE Commuter Rail)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 8.95972 * / /

0.0245472DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Railroads

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Locomotives This source category emission inventory covers the emission from commuter rail locomotives operated by the Virginia Rail Express in Northern Virginia Commuter Rail Locomotive Engines

VDEQ obtained CY 2011 commuter rail fuel consumption data from VRE and allocated it to each county based on actual county specific locomotive VMT. In 2011, VRE replaced their entire fleet

of tier 0 locomotives with new cleaner burning tier 2 locomotives. The new locomotives were phased-in over the course of the year. In CY 2011, approximately 1/2 the annual VMT were

attributed to Tier 0 locomotives and the other 1/2 of the annual VMT were attributed to Tier 2 locomotives. Beginning in CY 2012, the entire fleet will be operating as Tier 2 locomotives.(1063957People)(1.205601E-02lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302002100

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling

SCC_L4: Conveyorized Charbroiling Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.41354 tons/year VOC 12827.07607 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.41354 * / /

0.0234284DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from conveyorized commercial charbroiling cooking appliances. Conveyorized Commercial Cooking Charbroiling

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1063957People)(4.148031E-02lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302002200

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling

SCC_L4: Under-fired Charbroiling Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 22.06663 tons/year VOC 44133.2625 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 22.06663 * / /

0.0806087DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from under-fired conveyorized commercial charbroiling cooking appliances. Under-fired Commercial Cooking Charbroiling

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1063957People)(1.260815E-02lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302003000

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Frying

SCC_L4: Deep Fat Fying Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.70727 tons/year VOC 13414.53046 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.70727 * / /

0.0245014DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from commercial deep fat frying commercial cooking appliances. Commercial Deep Fat Frying Commercial Cooking

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1063957People)(5.943282E-03lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302003100

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Frying

SCC_L4: Flat Griddle Frying Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.1617 tons/year VOC 6323.39604 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.1617 * / /

0.0115496DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from flat griddle frying commercial cooking appliances. Commercial Flat Griddle Frying Commercial Cooking

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1063957People)(2.31564E-04lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302003200

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Frying

SCC_L4: Clamshell Griddle Frying Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.12319 tons/year VOC 246.37411 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.12319 * / /

0.00045DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from clamshell griddle frying commercial cooking appliances. Commercial clamshell Griddle Frying Commercial Cooking

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1063957People)(0.31lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302050000

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Bakery Products

SCC_L4: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 164.91334 tons/year VOC 329826.67254 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 164.91334 * / /

0.6342821DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Feed Mills EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - NEC This non-point category covers bakery non-point emissions Bakery

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1016469gallons)(34Facilities)(0.00374lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(249facilities) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302070005

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Fermentation/Beverages

SCC_L4: Wineries Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.25955 tons/year VOC 519.09317 lb/year VOC

(WineProduced)(WineryCount)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(WineryCount)

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.25955 * / /

0.0009983DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - NEC This non-point category covers the emissions associated with winery fermentation and bottling activities Winery

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1year)(112.9986lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2302070010

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Fermentation/Beverages

SCC_L4: Distilleries Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 99 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.0565 tons/year VOC 112.9986 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.0565 * / /

0.0001548DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - NEC This non-point category covers the emissions associated with distillery operations Distillery

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(1063957People)(1.88lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401001000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Architectural Coatings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1000.11958 tons/year VOC 2000239.15493 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.33 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1000.11958 * / /

3.6168708DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Architectural EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Non-Industrial Surface Coating This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of non-industrial architectural surface coatings. Non-Industrial Architectural Surface Coatings

VDEQ developed 2011 county level architectural surface coating emission estimates using a per capita based emission factor.(4891Employees)(94.69lb/emp)(1)(1-(0.36 * 1 * 1)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401005000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Auto Refinishing: SIC 7532

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 148.20122 tons/year VOC 296402.43324 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Auto Ref)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 148.20122 * / /

0.5700047DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Auto Refinishing EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of automotive refinishing surface coating products. Surface Coating - Auto Refinishing

VDEQ developed 2011 county level auto refinishing surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(3157.93305858833road miles)(21.576lb/road miles)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401008000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Traffic Markings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 34.06778 tons/year VOC 68135.56435 lb/year VOC (Road Miles)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 34.06778 * / /

0.1310299DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Traffic Markings EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of lane markings to paved road surfaces. Traffic Markings

VDEQ developed 2011 county level traffic markings surface coating emission estimates using an activity level of paved road miles and an emission factor that estimates emissions based on miles

of roads lane markings applied.(98Employees)(48.07lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401015000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.35543 tons/year VOC 4710.85997 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Factory Finished Wood)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.35543 * / /

0.0090593DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Flatwood Products EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coating products to factory finished wood. Surface Coating - Factory Finished Wood

VDEQ developed 2011 county level factory finished wood surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission

factor.(394Employees)(524.1249lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401020000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Wood Furniture: SIC 25

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 103.2526 tons/year VOC 206505.2019 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Wood Furn)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 103.2526 * / /

0.3971254DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Wood Furniture EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to wood furniture. Surface Coating - Wood Furniture

VDEQ developed 2011 county level wood furniture surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(158Employees)(887.8026lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401025000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Metal Furniture: SIC 25

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 70.1364 tons/year VOC 140272.8031 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Metal Furn)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 70.1364 * / /

0.2697554DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Metal Furniture EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to metal furniture. Surface Coating - Metal Furniture

VDEQ developed 2011 county level metal furniture surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(14Employees)(609.3888lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401030000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Paper: SIC 26

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.26572 tons/year VOC 8531.44312 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Paper, foil, and film)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.26572 * / /

0.0164066DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Paper EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coating products to paper, foil and film. Surface Coating - Paper, Foil, and Film

VDEQ developed 2011 county level paper, foil, and film coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(7Employees)(3035lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401040000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Metal Cans: SIC 341

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51600

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax city

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 10.6225 tons/year VOC 21245 lb/year VOC (NAICS Employment - Metal Can Coating)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 10.6225 * / /

0.0408558DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Metal Cans EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coating to metal cans. Surface Coating - Metal Cans

VDEQ developed 2011 county metal cans surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(1496Employees)(51.64lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401055000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 38.62672 tons/year VOC 77253.43909 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Machinery and Equipment)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 38.62672 * / /

0.1485643DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Machinery EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to machinery and equipment. Surface Coating - machinery and equipment

VDEQ developed 2011 county level machinery and equipment surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.(2Employees)(24.7lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401065000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.0247 tons/year VOC 49.4 lb/year VOC (NAICS Employment - Electronic and other Electric Coatings)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.0247 * / /

0.000095DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Electronic & Other Electrical EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to electrical and electronic products. Surface Coatings - Electrical and Electronic

VDEQ developed 2011 county level electrical and electronic surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.(2Employees)(24.7lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401065000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.0247 tons/year VOC 49.4 lb/year VOC (NAICS Employment - Electronic and other Electric Coatings)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.0247 * / /

0.000095DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Electronic & Other Electrical EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to electrical and electronic products. Surface Coatings - Electrical and Electronic

VDEQ developed 2011 county level electrical and electronic surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.(49Employees)(194.497lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401070000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Motor Vehicles: SIC 371

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.76518 tons/year VOC 9530.35121 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Motor Vehicles)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.76518 * / /

0.0183276DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Autos & Light Trucks EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to motor vehicles. Surface Coatings - Motor Vehicles

VDEQ developed 2011 county level motor vehicle surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(151Employees)(12.98lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401075000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Aircraft: SIC 372

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51683

Scenario: 1 County Manassas city

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.97999 tons/year VOC 1959.97993 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Aircraft)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.97999 * / /

0.0037692DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Aircraft EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to aircraft. Surface Coatings - Aircraft

VDEQ developed 2011 county level aircraft surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(151Employees)(12.98lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401075000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Aircraft: SIC 372

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.97999 tons/year VOC 1959.97993 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Aircraft)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.97999 * / /

0.0037692DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Aircraft EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to aircraft. Surface Coatings - Aircraft

VDEQ developed 2011 county level aircraft surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(424Employees)(92.42051lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401090000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Miscellaneous Manufacturing

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 19.59315 tons/year VOC 39186.29596 lb/year VOC (NAICS Employment - Miscelaneous Manufacturing)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 19.59315 * / /

0.0753583DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to miscellaneous manufacturing products. Surface Coatings - Miscellaneous Manufacturing

VDEQ developed 2011 county level miscellaneous manufacturing surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.(1063957People)(0.15lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401100000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Industrial Maintenance Coatings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 79.79678 tons/year VOC 159593.55634 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.33 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 79.79678 * / /

0.4051221DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Maintenance Coatings EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to industrial maintenance products. Surface Coatings - Miscellaneous Maintenance

VDEQ developed 2011 county level industrial maintenance surface coating emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(1063957People)(6.42852E-03lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2401200000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Other Special Purpose Coatings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.41983 tons/year VOC 6839.66906 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.33 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.41983 * / /

0.0173622DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of other special product coatings. Surface Coatings - Other Special Purpose

VDEQ developed 2011 county level other special purpose coatings , OSP, surface coating emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(21044Employees)(36.96504lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2415000000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Degreasing

SCC_L3: All Processes/All Industries

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 388.94617 tons/year VOC 777892.34625 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Degreasing)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 388.94617 * / /

1.2466223DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Degreasing

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Degreasing This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions emitted from solvent degreasing. Degreasing

VDEQ developed 2011 county level degreasing emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(1067Employees)(10lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2420000000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Dry Cleaning

SCC_L3: All Processes

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.335 tons/year VOC 10670 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Dry Cleaning)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.335 * / /

0.0170994DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Dry Cleaning

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Dry Cleaning This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from dry cleaning. Dry Cleaning

VDEQ developed 2011 county level dry cleaning emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(1022Employees)(201lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2425000000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Graphic Arts

SCC_L3: All Processes

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 102.711 tons/year VOC 205422 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Graphic Arts)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 102.711 * / /

0.3950423DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Graphic Arts

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Graphic Arts This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from graphic art printing. Graphic Arts

VDEQ developed 2011 county level graphic arts emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.(1year)(408194lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2440020000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Industrial

SCC_L3: Adhesive (Industrial) Application

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 204.097 tons/year VOC 408194 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.28 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 204.097 * / /

0.6262702DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Industrial Adhesives EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from the use of industrial adhesives. Industrial Adhesives

2011 county miscellaneous industrial adhesives emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA were obtained from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1063957People)(1.9lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460100000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Personal Care Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1010.75914 tons/year VOC 2021518.27463 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1010.75914 * / /

2.7692031DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from personal care products. Personal Care Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level personal care products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(1063957People)(1.8lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460200000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Household Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 957.56127 tons/year VOC 1915122.54927 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 957.56127 * / /

2.6234555DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from household products. Household Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level household products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(1063957People)(1.36lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460400000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Automotive Aftermarket Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 723.49077 tons/year VOC 1446981.53522 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 723.49077 * / /

1.9821665DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from automotive aftermarket products. Automotive Aftermarket Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level automotive aftermarket products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(1063957People)(0.95lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460500000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Coatings and Related Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 505.37957 tons/year VOC 1010759.13732 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 505.37957 * / /

1.3846016DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from consumer and commercial solvents. Commercial and Consumer Solvents

VDEQ developed 2011 county level miscellaneous non-industrial consumer and commercial products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission

factor.(1063957People)(0.57lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460600000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Adhesives and Sealants

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 303.22774 tons/year VOC 606455.48239 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 303.22774 * / /

0.8307609DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Adhesives EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from commercial and consumer adhesives and sealants. Adhesives and Sealants

VDEQ developed 2011 county level adhesives and sealants emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(1063957People)(1.78lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460800000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All FIFRA Related Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 946.92171 tons/year VOC 1893843.42956 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 946.92171 * / /

2.5943061DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers all FIFRA related commercial and consumer pesticide products. FIFRA Regulated Pesticide Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level all FIFRA related products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.(1063957People)(0.07lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2460900000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: Miscellaneous Products (Not Otherwise Covered)

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 37.2385 tons/year VOC 74476.99032 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 37.2385 * / /

0.1020233DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers miscellaneous non-FIFRA commercial and consumer pesticide products. Miscellaneous Pesticide Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level miscellaneous non-industrial consumer and commercial products not otherwise covered emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per

capita based emission factor.(8602bbl)(10528.9Million Miles)(88lb/bbl)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(76659Million Miles) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2461021000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Cutback Asphalt

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 51.98427 tons/year VOC 103968.54389 lb/year VOC

(Cutback Paving Asphalt)(Paved Roads VMT)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Paved Roads VMT)

0.389286078 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 51.98427 * / /

0.3113347DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Cutback Asphalt EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from cutback asphalt paving. Cutback Asphalt Paving

VDEQ estimated 2011 cutback asphalt emissions by apportioning statewide cutback asphalt consumption to a county level based on paved road miles and then by applying an emission factor of

88 lbs VOC per barrel of cutback asphalt consumed.(349853bbl)(10528.9Million Miles)(9.2lb/bbl)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(76659Million Miles) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2461022000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Emulsified Asphalt

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 221.03613 tons/year VOC 442072.26827 lb/year VOC

(Emulsified Paving Asphalt)(Paved Roads VMT)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Paved Roads VMT)

0.389286078 0.25 260 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 221.03613 * / /

1.3237891DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Other Asphalt EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from emulsified asphalt paving Emulsified Asphalt Paving

VDEQ estimated 2011 emulsified asphalt emissions by apportioning statewide emulsified asphalt consumption to a county level based on paved road miles and then by applying an emission

factor of 88 lbs VOC per barrel of cutback asphalt consumed.(129000000lbs)(7220Employees)(1063957People)(2.45lb/lb)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(413361Employees)(7816585People) (National Acttivity Level)(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2461800000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Pesticide Application: All Processes

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 375.69942 tons/year VOC 751398.84443 lb/year VOC (PESTI_I/C/G_USA)(I/C/G_PesticideApplicators_State)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(I/C/G_PesticideApplicators_USA)(StPop)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 375.69942 * / /

1.2041648DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from the application of institutional/commercial/governmental pesticide. I/C/G Pesticide Application

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by apportioning national institutional/commercial/governmental pesticide consumption to a county level and then applying an appropriate emission

factor.(877000000lbs)(142452Acres)(2.45lb/lb)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(919990000Acres) (National Acttivity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2461850000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Pesticide Application: Agricultural

SCC_L4: All Processes Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 166.34936 tons/year VOC 332698.72037 lb/year VOC

(PESTI_Ag_USA)(FarmAcres)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(UsaFarmAcres)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 166.34936 * / /

0.533171DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from agricultural pesticide application. Agricultural Pesticide Application

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by apportioning national agricultural pesticide consumption to a county level based on acres of cultivated farmland and then applying an appropriate

emission factor.(127000000lbs)(8038612People)(222612Households)(2.45lb/lb)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(311591917People)(1772227households) (National Acttivity Level)(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2465800000

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer

SCC_L3: Pesticide Application

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 504.15482 tons/year VOC 1008309.64255 lb/year VOC

(PESTI_HG_US)(StPop)(Households)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(UsaPop)(Households)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 504.15482 * / /

1.6158808DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from consumer pesticide application. Consumer Pesticide application

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by apportioning national consumer pesticide consumption to a county level using population and household data and then applying an appropriate

emission factor.(1year)(115897.1lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501011011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Permeation Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 57.94854 tons/year VOC 115897.07031 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 57.94854 * / /

0.239982DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers permeation emissions resulting from residential portable gas cans. Residential Portable Gas Can Permeation Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(226285lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501011012

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses) Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 113.1425 tons/year VOC 226285 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 113.1425 * / /

0.4685566DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers evaporation and diurnal losses from residential portable gas cans. Residential Portable Gas Can Evaporation and Diurnal Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(119813.5lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501011013

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Spillage During Transport Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 59.90674 tons/year VOC 119813.48438 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 59.90674 * / /

0.2480915DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from residential portable fuel can spillage that occurs during transport. Residential Portable Gas Can Spillage During Transport Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(42525.01lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501011014

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Vapor Displacement Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 21.2625 tons/year VOC 42525.00781 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 21.2625 * / /

0.0880543DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from vapor displacement at the pump that take place while the residential gas cans are being filled. Residential Portable Gas Can Vapor Displacement At the Pump Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(3968.615lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501011015

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Spillage Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.98431 tons/year VOC 3968.61475 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.98431 * / /

0.0082176DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from residential portable fuel can spillage that at the pump. Residential Portable Gas Can Spillage At The Pump

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(3701.778lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501012011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Permeation Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.85089 tons/year VOC 3701.77783 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.85089 * / /

0.0076651DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers permeation emissions resulting from commercial portable gas cans. Commercial Portable Gas Can Permeation Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(7227.593lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501012012

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses) Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.6138 tons/year VOC 7227.59326 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.6138 * / /

0.0149658DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers evaporation and diurnal losses from commercial portable gas cans. Commercial Portable Gas Can Evaporation and Diurnal Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(163444.1lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501012013

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Spillage During Transport Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 81.72203 tons/year VOC 163444.0625 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 81.72203 * / /

0.3384351DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from commercial portable fuel can spillage that occurs during transport. Commercial Portable Gas Can Spillage During Transport Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(81954.96lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501012014

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Vapor Displacement Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 40.97748 tons/year VOC 81954.96094 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 40.97748 * / /

0.1696999DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from vapor displacement at the pump that take place while the commercial gas cans are being filled. Commercial Portable Gas Can Vapor Displacement At the Pump Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(1year)(7635.947lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501012015

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Spillage Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.81797 tons/year VOC 7635.94727 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.81797 * / /

0.0158114DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from commercial portable fuel can spillage that at the pump. Commercial Portable Gas Can Spillage At The Pump

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.(53970kgal)(42.6938775510204Employees)(127.8218lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1178Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501050120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1 County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 125.0108 tons/year VOC 250021.59879 lb/year VOC

(Motor Gasoline)(NAICS Employment - 42471)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - 42471)

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 125.0108 * / /

0.5177067DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions associated with gasoline petroleum bulk terminals and plants. Petroleum Bulk Terminals and Plants, Gasoline

VDEQ used data from the Army Corps of Engineers 'Waterborne Commerce' reports to developed an emission inventory to quantify the air emissions of ocean going petroleum tankers involved in

the transport of gasoline.(53970kgal)(42.6938775510204Employees)(127.8218lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1178Employees) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501050120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 125.0108 tons/year VOC 250021.59879 lb/year VOC

(Motor Gasoline)(NAICS Employment - 42471)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - 42471)

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 125.0108 * / /

0.5177067DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions associated with gasoline petroleum bulk terminals and plants. Petroleum Bulk Terminals and Plants, Gasoline

VDEQ used data from the Army Corps of Engineers 'Waterborne Commerce' reports to developed an emission inventory to quantify the air emissions of ocean going petroleum tankers involved in

the transport of gasoline.(1year)(12254.34lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501055120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Plants: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51013

Scenario: 1 County Arlington County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.12717 tons/year VOC 12254.33984 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.12717 * / /

0.0253744DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions as a result of evaporative losses from gasoline product at bulk terminals and plants. Bulk Plant Evaporative Losses, Gasoline

2011 county level gasoline bulk plant evaporative losses emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered

directly into the Virginia state inventory.(1year)(12254.34lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501055120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Plants: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51510

Scenario: 1 County Alexandria city

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.12717 tons/year VOC 12254.33984 lb/year VOC (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.12717 * / /

0.0253744DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions as a result of evaporative losses from gasoline product at bulk terminals and plants. Bulk Plant Evaporative Losses, Gasoline

2011 county level gasoline bulk plant evaporative losses emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered

directly into the Virginia state inventory.(3867030.279kgal)(1144257Gas Sales ($1,000))(5.955217lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0.958481674194336 * 0.8 * 0.8))

(14237780Gas Sales ($1,000)) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501060053

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Gasoline Service Stations

SCC_L4: Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 279.67738 tons/year VOC 559354.75185 lb/year VOC

(StGasolineMotorFuelTaxed)(CoGasSales)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StGasSales)

0.262525702 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 279.67738 * / /

0.8046301DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage I

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage 1 emissions that take place when gasoline tank trucks transfer fuel into gas station gasoline storage tanks equipped with

balanced submerged filling equipment. Stage 1 Refueling, Submerged Filling

Where gasoline Stage 1 balanced submerged filling applied, VDEQ apportioned state total fuel sales data to a county level based on county level sales tax data obtained from Va Division of Motor

Vehicles and the applied the appropriate emission factor.(10860.4588790001Million VMT)(31.99795lb/MilVMT)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501060100

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Gasoline Service Stations

SCC_L4: Stage 2: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 173.7562 tons/year VOC 347512.39513 lb/year VOC (AnnualVMT)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.262525702 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 173.7562 * / /

0.4998955DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage II emissions that take place when vehicles are fueled with gasoline. Stage II Automobile Refueling, Gasoline

VDEQ estimated Stage II refueling emissions using the EPA Mobile Model and entered the emission estimates directly into the state inventory system.(5495997kgal)(1144257Gas Sales ($1,000))(0.8764497lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(14237780Gas Sales ($1,000)) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501060201

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Gasoline Service Stations

SCC_L4: Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 193.56409 tons/year VOC 387128.17987 lb/year VOC

(StMotorFuelTaxed)(CoGasSales)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StGasSales)

0.262525702 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 193.56409 * / /

0.5568827DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from underground storage tank breathing losses that result from internal vapor pressure inside the tanks needing to be

vented. Underground Storage Tank Breathing Losses

VDEQ apportioned state total fuel consumption data to a county level based on county level sales tax data obtained from Va Division of Motor Vehicles and the applied the appropriate emission

factor.(1year)(11620lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501070100

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Diesel Service Stations

SCC_L4: Stage 2: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.81 tons/year VOC 11620 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.262525702 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.81 * / /

0.0167153DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage II emissions that take place when vehicles are fueled with diesel. Stage II Automobile Refueling, Diesel

2011 county level Stage II diesel emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.(83775lbs VOC)(1LB / LB VOC)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501080050

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Airports : Aviation Gasoline

SCC_L4: Stage 1: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 2 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 41.8875 tons/year VOC 83775 lb/year VOC (Aviation Gasoline Distribution - Stage I)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.26 0.25 300 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 41.8875 * / /

0.14521DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage 1 emissions that take place when aviation gasoline is delivered to airport fueling stations. Stage 1 Airport Refueling, Gasoline

2011 county level Stage I aviation gasoline distribution emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly

into the Virginia state inventory.(43638000Gal)(128832.621768LTOs)(0.0136lb / gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(LTOsGal) (Regional Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Regional Activity Level) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2501080100

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Airports : Aviation Gasoline

SCC_L4: Stage 2: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.17351 tons/year VOC 4347.02835 lb/year VOC (AvGas)(LTOs)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(LTOs)

0.26 0.25 300 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.17351 * / /

0.0075348DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage II emissions that take place when aircraft are fueled with gasoline. Stage II Airport Refueling, Gasoline

VDEQ apportioned state total aviation gasoline consumption data to a county level based on aircraft LTO activity data and then applied the appropriate emission factor.(5495997kgal)(1144257Gas Sales ($1,000))(1.25gallons transported per gallon taxed)(0.04895lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(14237780Gas Sales ($1,000)) (State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2505030120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport

SCC_L3: Truck

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 13.51327 tons/year VOC 27026.54376 lb/year VOC (StMotorFuelTaxed)(CoGasSales)(TTIT_FuelTransported)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StGasSales)

0.262525702 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 13.51327 * / /

0.0454818DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions that result from the venting of internal vapor pressure of on-board gasoline storage tanks of tank trucks while in transit. Tank Trucks in Transit

VDEQ apportioned state total fuel consumption data to a county level based on county level sales tax data obtained from Va Division of Motor Vehicles and then applied the appropriate emission

factor.(191688239lbs VOC)(404750Thousand Barrels)(42.6938775510204Employees)(1LB / LB VOC)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1139500thousand barrels)(EmployeesThousand Barrels) (National Acttivity Level)(Regional Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Regional Activity Level) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2505040120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport

SCC_L3: Pipeline

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1 County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 90.37255 tons/year VOC 180745.10057 lb/year VOC (National Pipeline VOC Emissions)(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 90.37255 * / /

0.2896556DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from gasoline pipelines. Pipeline Emissions

VDEQ apportioned national pipeline emission data to a county level and then applied the appropriate emission factor.(191688239lbs VOC)(404750Thousand Barrels)(42.6938775510204Employees)(1LB / LB VOC)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1139500thousand barrels)(EmployeesThousand Barrels) (National Acttivity Level)(Regional Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Regional Activity Level) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2505040120

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport

SCC_L3: Pipeline

SCC_L4: Gasoline Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 90.37255 tons/year VOC 180745.10057 lb/year VOC (National Pipeline VOC Emissions)(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)

0.25 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 90.37255 * / /

0.2896556DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from gasoline pipelines. Pipeline Emissions

VDEQ apportioned national pipeline emission data to a county level and then applied the appropriate emission factor.(1063957People)(0.054tons per capita)(5.94lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2601020000

SCC_L1: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery

SCC_L2: On-site Incineration

SCC_L3: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L4: Total Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 170.63743 tons/year VOC 341274.85061 lb/year VOC (CoPop)(INCINI_CI)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 170.63743 * / /

0.4674998DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Waste Disposal & Recycling

Tier 2 Description: Incineration

Tier 3 Description: Commercial/Institutional EPA_SECTOR: Waste Disposal This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from on-site commercial and institutional waste disposal incineration. On-site Incineration, Commercial/Institutional

Virginia DEQ estimated 2011 emissions for this category based on 2011 county level employment data, a per person activity factor of 0.054 tons per person an appropriate emission factor.(184.66138197Million Gallons)(21.44986lb/Mgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2640000000

SCC_L1: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery

SCC_L2: TSDFs

SCC_L3: All TSDF Types

SCC_L4: Total: All Processes Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.98048 tons/year VOC 3960.96072 lb/year VOC

(IndustrialWastewaterTreated)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.98048 * / /

0.005426DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Waste Disposal & Recycling

Tier 2 Description: TSDF

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Waste Disposal This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from industrial wastewater treatment plants. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants, IWW

Virginia DEQ estimated 2011 industrial wastewater treatment emissions based on volume of industrial wastewater treated per county multiplied by an appropriate emission factor.(1810703.7037037lbs)(0.000001n/a)(176ppmw)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(ActCF)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2660000000

SCC_L1: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery

SCC_L2: Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

SCC_L3: Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

SCC_L4: Total: All Storage Types Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 13 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.15934 tons/year VOC 318.68385 lb/year VOC

(UST Soil Remediated)(ppm to ppp)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.15934 * / /

0.0004366DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Waste Disposal & Recycling

Tier 2 Description: Other

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Waste Disposal This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from the remediation of leaking underground storage tanks. Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Virginia estimated emissions from remediation of leaking underground storage tanks by estimating the volume of soil remediated during the leaking tank removals multiplied by an appropriate

emission factor.(2159.23Acres)(18.20515lb/acre)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2801500000

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Agriculture Production - Crops - as nonpoint

SCC_L3: Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on fire

SCC_L4: Unspecified crop type and Burn Method Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 19.65455 tons/year VOC 39309.0991 lb/year VOC

(Agricultural Land Burned)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 19.65455 * / /

0.0538481DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Agricultural Fires EPA_SECTOR: Fires - Agricultural Field Burning This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from agricultural burning which generally involves the burning off of whole fields which are set on fire to clear residual

plant matter in preparation for the next crop. Agricultural Burning

Virginia estimated emissions from agricultural land burning based on the estimate annual agricultural land burned per county multiplied by an appropriate emission factor.(1year)(26277.22lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2810001000

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion

SCC_L3: Forest Wildfires

SCC_L4: Wildfires Pollutant: voc FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1 County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 13.13861 tons/year voc 26277.22461 lb/year voc (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 13.13861 * / /

0.0359962DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day voc 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Forest Wildfires EPA_SECTOR: Fires - Wildfires Emissions from each wildfire 'event' taking place in Virginia are estimated on an individual fire by fire basis. Forest Wildfires

2011 county level wildfire emissions that were estimated by the EPA were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.(215Fires)(1.15tons/fire)(11lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2810030000

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion

SCC_L3: Structure Fires

SCC_L4: Unspecified Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.35987 tons/year VOC 2719.75 lb/year VOC

(StructuralFires)(StructuralFires)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.2 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.35987 * / /

0.0029805DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Structural Fires EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category estimates emissions resulting from structural fires. Structural Fires

VDEQ staff obtained the number of structural fires that occurred in each county in 2011 and applied a per fire fuel burned factor of 1.15 tons/fire multiplied by an appropriate emission factor to

estimate structural fire emissions.(3041Bodies)(0.084265929tons per body)(8.333334E-02lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2810060100

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion

SCC_L3: Cremation

SCC_L4: Humans Pollutant: VOC FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1 County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.01068 tons/year VOC 21.35439 lb/year VOC

(Bodies Cremated)(Human Cremation)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.3 0.25 312 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.01068 * / /

0.0000411DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Other EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC This non-point source emission inventory category estimates emissions resulting from human cremation. Human Cremation

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by multiplying the number of human bodies cremated per county in 2011 by an average weight of 0.0842 tons per body times an appropriate emission

factor.(1year)(1092067lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0)) (Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE)) EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS = Inventory Year: 2011 2811015000

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion - as Event

SCC_L3: Prescribed Forest Burning

SCC_L4: Unspecified Burn Method Pollutant: voc FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1 County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 546.03369 tons/year voc 1092067.375 lb/year voc (ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365 DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 546.03369 * / /

1.4959827DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day voc 

## Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Prescribed Burning EPA_SECTOR: Fires - Prescribed Fires This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions resulting from prescribed burning. Prescribed Burning

2011 county level prescribed burning emissions that were estimated by the EPA were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.

## Emissions Inventory Documentation

for the District of Columbia:

2011 Area Source Methodologies

February 2014

Prepared by:

Monitoring and Assessment Branch

Air Quality Division

District Department of the Environment

1200 First Street NE, Fifth Floor

Washington, DC 20002

### Table of Contents

C HAPTER 1: A NNUAL E MISSIONS E STIMATES

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 1

1.0 Fuel Use Emissions

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 1

1.1 Coal

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 1

1.2 Natural Gas

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 1

1.3 Distillate Oil

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 1

1.4 Kerosene

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 1

1.5 Residual Oil

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 1

1.6 Liquified Petroleum Gas

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1

1.7 Residential Wood C ombustion

................................ ................................ ................................ . 2

2.0 Petroleum Losses; Transport of Fuels

................................ ................................ ........................... 2

2.1 Railroads

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 2

2.2 Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs)

................................ ................................ ................................ 2

2.3 Stage I & II

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3

2.4 Aviation Gas

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 3

2.5 Marine Gas

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 3

3.0 Emissions from Solvents

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 4

3.1 Architectural Surface Coatings

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 4

3.2 Auto Refinishing

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

3.3 Traffic Markings

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

3.4 Surface Coatings

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

3.5 Cold Cleaning

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 5

3.6 Dry Cleaners

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 5

3.7 Graphic Arts

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 5

3.8 Co mmercial/Consumer Solvents

................................ ................................ ............................... 6

3.9 Asphalt Paving

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 6

3.10 Pesticides and Fertilizers

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 6

4.0 Waste & Miscellaneous

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 7

4.1 Road Dust

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7

4.2 Commercial Cooking

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 7

4.3 Construction Dust

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 8

4.4 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)

................................ ................................ ............. 84.5 Fires

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 8

5.0 Marine, Air, Rail (MAR)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 8

C HAPTER 2: O ZONE S EASON D AY E MISSIONS

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 92011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 1 

### C HAPTER 

### 1: A NNUAL 

### E MISSIONS 

### E STIMATES

1.0 Fuel Use E missions

1.1 Coal

(T he District assumes the use of 100% bituminous/subbitu minous coal)

R esidential , 2104002000

C ommercial /institutional, 2103002000

I ndustrial , 2102002000

1.2 Natural G as

Residential, 2104006000

C ommercial /institutional, 2103006000

I ndustrial , 2102006000

1.3 Distillate O il

Residential, 2104004000

C ommercial / institutional, 2103004000

I ndustrial , 2102004000

1.4 Kerosene

C ommercial /institutional, 2103011000

I ndustrial , 2102011000

1.5 Residual O il

C ommercial /institutional, 2103005000

I ndustrial , 2102005000

1.6 Liquified Petroleum G as

Residential, 2104007000

C o mmercial /institutional, 2103007000

I ndustrial , 2102007000

For Sections 1.1 to 1.6

– Calculation:

( fuel use in the District ) *(emission factor per pollutant ) = emissions;

(emissions for all sources) minus (point source estimate to avoid double

counting ) = a rea source estimate

For Sections 1.1 to 1.6

– Data Sources:

o Fuel use: Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy Data System

(SEDS) : found at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/

o Emission factors: A s determ ined by the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory

Committee ( ERTAC )

, found at2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 2 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2011inventory.html (“Nonpoint Emissions

Tools and Methods” ) or at ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011nei/doc/

1.7 Residential Wood C ombustion

The District adopted EPA ’s estimates using a revised RWC emissions estimation tool.

2.0 Petroleum Losses; Transport of Fuels

2.1 Ra ilroads

Line haul locomotives, Class I operations (CSX), 2285002006

Line haul locomotives, Passenger trains (Amtrak), 2285002008

Line haul locomotives, Commuter lines (MARC, VRE), 2285002009

Yard locomotives (“switchers”), 2285002010

Calculation:

(fuel use)*(emission factor per pollutant) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Fuel use: Estimates are provided by C SX , Amtrak, MARC, and VRE. Generally,

they are based on the number of trips per train per day, mileage of tracks within

the District, approximatio n of gallons per mile, and the number of days the trains

run per year.

o Emissio n factors: As determined by ERTAC

o For VOCs instead of an emission factor, a HC

- to

- VOC conversion factor is

used

2.2 Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs)

Residential

Permeation, 2501011011

Evaporation (includes diurnal losses), 2501011012

Spilling during transport, 2501011013

Refilling at the pump (vapor displacement), 2501011014

Refilling at the pump (spillage), 2501011015

Commercial

Permeation, 2501012011

Evapo ration (includes diurnal losses), 2501012012

Spilling during transport, 2501012013

Refilling at the pump (vapor displacement), 2501012014

Refilling at the pump (spillage), 2501012015

The District adopted EPA’s estimates using the N ONROAD2008a mod el, which accounts

for VOC controls and benzene standards.2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 3 2.3 Stage I & II

Bulk terminals, 2501050120

– This category was not calculated because

there are no petroleum bulk terminals (NAICS 42471) in the District

Bulk plants, 2501055120

– This category w as not calculated because there are no

petroleum bulk stations (NAICS 42471) in the District

Gasoline refueling (Stage II), 2501060100

Gasoline service station unloading (balanced submerged), 2501060053

Gasoline distribution, underground storage tank (br eathing and emptying),

2501060201

Tank trucks in transit, 2505030120

Calculation:

(total gallons sold annually )*(emission factor)*(conversion factor or rule

effectiveness, as appropriate ) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Gallons sold annually: U.S. Departmen t of Transportation, Federal Highway

Administration, “Monthly Motor Fuel Reported by States” (January 2012), found

at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/quickfinddata/qf fuel.cfm

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

o Conversion factor (for Stage II only) : 0.002205 grams per pound

o Rule effectiveness (for balanced submerged Stage I only) : According to the

Maryland Department of the Environment, there was a study that determined

the rule effectiveness factor for vapor balance controls was 91 percent (plus

emissions for the 9 percent)

2.4 Aviation Gas

Stage I, 2501080050

Stage II, 2501080100

Underground tank breathing/emptying, 2501080201

Calculation:

(fuel cons umed)*(unit conversion factor)*(emission factor per SCC) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Fuel use: Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy Data System

(SEDS): found at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/

o Pres umption is that jet fuel estimates represent heliport activity

o Emission factors: As determ ined by ERTAC

2.5 Marine Gas

2505020000

– This category was not calculated for the District because there are no

ships or barges that transport petroleum liquids i n or near the District.2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 4 3.0 Emissions from Solvents

3.1 Architectural Surface Coatings

Solvent

- based + water

- based, 2401001000

Calculation:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District populatio n: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27 ; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District,

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)

3.2 Auto Refinishing

All processes, 2401005000

The Di strict adopted EPA’s estimates based on 2010 County Bus iness Practices

estimates

.

3.3 Traffic Markings

2401008000

Calculation:

(# road miles paved)*(emission factor per road mile) = emissions

Data Source:

o Road miles paved: District Department of Transportation

o Emission factor: As determined by ERTAC

3.4 Surface Coatings

Industrial maintenance, 2401100000

Other special purpose coatings, 2401200000

Calculations:

(# people living in the Distric t)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at

http://www.mwcog.org /publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27 ; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District,

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 5 The District adopted EPA estimates for:

Wood furniture and fixtures, 2401020000

Miscellaneous manufacturing, 2401090000

Aircraft coatings, 2401075000

EPA a ssumed that no activity o ccurs in the District for:

Finished woods, 2401015000

Paper, foil and film, 2401030000

Metal cans, 2401040000

Miscellaneous finished metals, 2401050000

Large appliances, 2401060000

Electronic and electric coatings, 2401065000

Motor vehicles, 2401070000

Other transportation, 2401990000

Railroad coatings, 2401085000

Marine manufacturing, 2401080000

Metal furniture, 2401025000

Metal sheet, strip and coil, 2401045000

Machinery and equipment, 2401055000

3.5 Cold Cleaning

Degreasing, 2415000000

The District adopted EPA’ s estimates based o n county employment adjustments

.

3.6 Dry Cleaners

All processes, 2420000000

Calculations:

(# employees)*(emission factor) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Employee estimates: U.S. Department of Labor , Bureau of Labor Statistics,

“Occupational Employment Statistics”, found at

http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_dc.htm

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

3.7 Graphic Arts

All processes, 24250 00000

Calculation:

(# employees)*(emission factor) = emissions;2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 6 (emissions for all sources) minus (point source estimate to avoid double

counting) = area source estimate

Data Sources:

o Employee estimates: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statis tics,

“Occupational Employment Statistics”, found at

http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_dc.htm

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

3.8 Commercial/Consumer Solvents

Personal care products (cosm etics, toiletries), 2460100000

Household cleaning products, 2460200000

Auto aftermarket, 2460400000

Coatings and related products, 2460500000

Adhesives and sealants, 2460600000

FIFRA

- regulated products, 2460800000

Miscellaneous products (not othe rwise covered), 2460900000

Calculations:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27 ; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District,

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)

3.9 Asphalt Paving

Cutback asphalt, 2461021000

– The District assumes that the ban on cutback

asphalt dur ing ozone season except for roofing (20 DCMR § 709) means

that little if any is used, so does not estimate emissions for this category

Emulsified asphalt, 2461022000

The District adopted EPA’ s estimates based on data from a 2008 Asphalt Usage Study,

purc hased by EPA from the Asphalt Institute

.

3.10 Pesticides and Fertilizers

Application, 2461800000

Calculation : (# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 7 o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27 ; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFac ts for the District,

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)

4.0 Waste & Miscellaneous

The Distr ict believes there is no activity in the District for the following categories : Open burning, 2610000100, 2610000400, 2610030000, 2830000000

Cremation, 2810060100, 2810060200

EPA/ERTAC no longer estimates emissions for the following categories due to resource

constraints:

Dental preparation and use, 2850001000

General laboratory activities, 2851001000

Lamp breakage/recycling, 2861000000, 2861000010

Swimming pools, 2862000000

(Not since before 2007): Bakeries

, Breweries

, Composting

, Incineration

, LUSTs

, MSWLs

4.1 Road Dust

Paved roads, 2294000000

Unpaved roads, 2296000000

The District adopted EPA ’s estimates based on VMT and precipitation

.

4.2 Commercial Cooking

Conveyorized charbroiling, 2302002100

Under

- fired charbroiling, 2302002200

Deep fat frying, 2302003000

Flat griddle frying, 2302003100

Clamshell griddle frying, 2302003200

Calculation:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperat ive Forecast, found at

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27 ; and/or US Census Bureau Quic kFacts for the District,

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 8 4.3 Construction Dust

General building construction (resident ial), 2311010000

Heavy construction (non

- residential), 2311020000

Road construction, 2311030000

The District adopted EPA’s estimates.

4.4 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)

Wastewater, 2630020000

Calculation:

(adjusted DC flow rate)*(emissio n factor) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Adjusted DC flow rate: District of Columbia’s Climate Action Plan data

o Emission factor: As determined by EPA

4.5 Fires

Structure fires (accidental), 2810030000

Structure fires (fire fighter training), 2810035000

Vehicle fires, 2810050000

Calculation:

(# of fires)*(fuel loading factor)*(emission factors) = emissions

Data Sources:

o # of fires: District of Columbia’s Fire and EMS Department (DCFEMS)

o Fuel loading factor: EIIP (2000, 2001)

o Emission factors: As dete rmined by ERTAC

5.0 Marine, Air, Rail (MAR)

The District has no large ocean

- bearing marine vessels that go through ports (“marine”)

and no airports (“air”). Section 2.1 of this document discusses rail emissions (“rail”).

o Any EPA commercial marine vessel (CMV) estimates would be part of the

following SCCs: 2280002200 and 2280003200

o Any EPA airport estimates would be part of th e following SCCs: 2275087000

(point) as well as 2275050011 and 227505012 (nonpoint )2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 9 

### C HAPTER 

### 2: O ZONE 

### S EASON 

### D AY 

### E MISSIONS

Ozon e season day emissions were estimated for CO, NO

x , and VOCs based on the following

equation:

typical ozone season daily emissions =

(annual tons/yr) (2000 lb/ton) (SAF/peak ozone season as % of yr)

divided by

operating schedule as in (days/week)(weeks/year )

Seasonal adjustment factors (SAFs) for 2011 were developed and shared by the Maryland

Department of the Environment (MDE)

. For SCCs where there was no SAF, an SAF was

develop ed based on other MDE SAFs.Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10

- FIL PM2.5

-

FIL PM

CON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

21020020 00 industrial coal 5 12 1.4 0.04 0.03 11 38 0.05 lb/ton

210 2004000 industrial distillate oil 5 1 0.25 1.3 0.8 20 142 0.2 lb/million gal.

2102005000 industrial residual oil 5 10.68 6.96 1.5 0.8 55 157 0.28 lb/million gal.

210 2006000 industrial NG 84 0.13 0.11 0.32 3.2 100 0.6 5.5 lb/million cu.

Ft.

2102007000 industrial LPG 11.95 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 9.49 0.06 0.52 lb/Kgal

210 2011000 industrial kerosene 4.82 0.96 0.24 1.25 0.77 19.29 137 0.19 lb/million gal.

2103002000 comm/inst coal 5 12 1.4 0.04 0.03 11 38 0.05 lb/ton

210 3004000 comm/inst distillate oil 5 1.08 0.83 1.3 0.8 20 142 0.34 lb/million gal.

2103005000 comm/inst residual oil 5 10.68 6.96 1.5 0.8 55 353.25 1.13 lb/million gal.

210 3006000 comm/inst NG 84 0.2 0.11 0.32 3.2 100 0.6 5.5 lb/million cu.

Ft.

2103007000 comm/inst LPG 11.95 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 9.49 0.06 0.52 lb/Kgal

210 3011000 comm/inst kerosene 4.8 1.04 0.8 1.3 0.8 19.3 142 0.672 lb/million gal.

210 4002000 residential coal 275 6.24 3.84 0.04 2 9.1 31 10 lb/ton

2104004000 residential distillate oil 5 1.08 0.83 1.3 1 18 142 0.71 lb/million gal.

210 4006000 residential NG 40 0.2 0.11 0.32 20 94 0.6 5.5 lb/million cu.

Ft.

2104007000 residential LPG 3.8 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 13.4 0.06 0.52 lb/Kgal

(ma ny) RWC (2104008100 to 2104009000)

- - - - - - - -

2285002006 railroads, line haul, class I (CSX) 0.0587 0.0097

(PRI) 0.97

(PRI)

- - 0.3285 0.0041 0.0170 (HC) lb/gal

228 5002008 railroads, line haul, passenger

(Amtrak) 0.0587 0.0099

(PRI) 0.97

(PRI)

- - 0.3682 0.0041 0.0179 (HC) lb/gal

2285002009 railroads, line haul, commuter

(MARC, VRE) 0.0587 0.0099

(PRI) 0.97

(PRI)

- - 0.3682 0.0041 0.0179 (HC) lb/gal

228 5002010 railroads, yard locomotives 0.0894 0.0121

(PRI) 0.97

(PRI)

- - 0.5044 0.036 0.0506 (HC) lb/gal

2294000000 road dust, paved

- - - - - - - -

2296000000 road dust, unpaved

- - - - - - - -Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10

- FIL PM2.5

-

FIL PM

CON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

230 2002100 comm cooking

- conveyorized

charbroiling 0.0424 0.00016 0.00016 0.0496

- - - 0.0121 lb/person

2302002200 comm cooking

- underfired

charbroiling 0.135 0.001 0.001 0.3517

- - - 0.0415 lb/person

230 2003000 comm cooking

- deep fat frying

- - - - - - - 0.0126 lb/person

2302003100 comm cooking

- flat griddle frying 0.0127 0.0003 0.0002 0.1028

- - - 0.0059 lb/person

230 2003200 comm cooking

- clamshell griddle

frying 0 1.98E

- 05 1.69E

05 6.97E

03

- - - 0.0002 lb/person

2311010000 construction

- general, residential

- - - - - - - -

231 1020000 construction

- heavy, non

- residential

- - - - - - - -

2311030000 construction

- roads

- - - - - - - -

240 1001000 surface coatings

- architectural

coatings

- - - - - - - 1.88 lb/capita

2401005000 surface coatings

- auto refinishing

- - - - - - - -

240 1008000 surface coatings

- traffic markings

- - - - - - - 22.1 lb/road miles

240 1015000 surface coatings

- finished woods

- - - - - - - -

2401020000 surface coatings

- wood furniture

- - - - - - - -

240 1025000 surface coatings

- metal furniture

- - - - - - - -

2401030000 surface coatings

- paper, foil, film

- - - - - - - -

240 1040000 surface coatings

- metal cans

- - - - - - - -

2401045000 surface coatings

- sheet, strip, and

coil

- - - - - - - -

240 1050000 surface coatings

- misc finished

metals

- - - - - - - -

2401055000 surface coatings

- machinery and

equipment

- - - - - - - -

240 1060000 surface coatings

- large appliances

- - - - - - - -

2401065000 surface coatings

-

electronics/electrical

- - - - - - - -

240 1070000 surface coatings

- motor vehicles

- - - - - - - -Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10

- FIL PM2.5

-

FIL PM

CON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

240 1075000 surface coatings

- aircraft

- - - - - - - -

2401080000 surface coatings

- marine

manufacturing

- - - - - - - -

2401085000 surface coatings

- railroads

- - - - - - - -

2401090000 surface coatings

- misc.

manufacturing

- - - - - - - -

240 1100000 surface coatings

- ind. maintenance

coatings

- - - - - - - 0.15 lb/person

2401200000 surface coatings

- other special

purpose ctngs

- - - - - - - 0.064 lb/person

241 5000000 solvent degreasing (cold cleaning)

- - - - - - - -

2420000000 dry cleaning

- - - - - - - 10 lb/employee

242 5000000 graphic arts

- - - - - - - 201 lb/employee

2460100000 cc products, cosmetics and toiletries

- - - - - - - 1.9 lb/person

246 0200000 cc products, household

- - - - - - - 1.8 lb/person

246 0400000 cc products, auto aftermarket

- - - - - - - 1.36 lb/person

2460500000 cc products, coatings and related

products

- - - - - - - 0.95 lb/person

246 0600000 cc products, adhesives and sealants

- - - - - - - 0.57 lb/person

2460800000 cc products, FIFRA

- - - - - - - 1.78 lb/person

246 0900000 cc products, misc.

- - - - - - - 0.07 lb/person

2461022000 emulsified asphalt

- - - - - - - -

246 1800000 ag chemicals

- pesticides

- - - - - - - 0.299 lb/person

2501011011 pfcs residential, permeation

- - - - - - - -

250 1011012 pfcs residential, evap (incl. diurnal

losses)

- - - - - - - -

2501011013 pfcs residential, spilling during

transport

- - - - - - - -

250 1011014 pfcs residential, refilling, vapor

displacement

- - - - - - - -Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10

- FIL PM2.5

-

FIL PM

CON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

250 1011015 pfcs residential, refilling, spillage

- - - - - - - -

2501012011 pfcs commercial, permeation

- - - - - - - -

250 1012012 pfcs commercial, evap (incl. diurnal

losses)

- - - - - - - -

2501012013 pfcs commercial, spilling during

transport

- - - - - - - -

250 1012014 pfcs commercial, refilling, vapor

displacement

- - - - - - - -

2501012015 pfcs commercial, refilling, spillage

- - - - - - - -

250 1050120 gas distrib., stage I, bulk terminals,

evap losses

- - - - - - - -

2501055120 gas distrib., stage I, bulk plants, evap

losses

- - - - - - - -

225 0160051 gas distrib., st I, unloading

submerged filling

- - - - - - - -

2250160052 gas distrib., st I, unloading splash

filling

- - - - - - - -

250 1060053 gas distrib., st I, unldng blncd

submerged

- - - - - - - 0.0003,

0.0073 lb/gallon

250 1060100 gas distrib., stage II, refueling at gas

service stations

- - - - - - - 1.716 g/gallon

250 1060201 gas distrib., stage I, underground

tanks, breathing and emptying

- - - - - - - 1 lb/Kgal

250 1080050 aviation gas, stage I

- - - - - - - 19.3 lb/Kgal

2501080100 aviation gas, stage II

- - - - - - - 0.0136 lb/gal

250 1080201 aviation gas, underground tank

breathing/emptying

- - - - - - - 5.3 lb/Kgal

2505030120 gas distribution, stage I, trucks (in

transit)

- - - - - - - 0.06 lb/Kgal

250 5040120 gas distribution, pipeline

- - - - - - - -Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10

- FIL PM2.5

-

FIL PM

CON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

2610000100 open burning, yard leaves

- - - - - - - -

261 0000400 open burning, yard brush

- - - - - - - -

2610000500 open burning, land clearing

- - - - - - - -

261 0030000 open burning, household waste

- - - - - - - -

263 0020000 POTWs

- - - - - - - 0.44 lb/million gal.

2810015000 fires

- prescribed

- - - - - - - -

281 0030000 fires

- structure, accidential 60 10.8

- - - 1.4

- 11 lb/ton

2810035000 fires

- structure, training 60 10.8

- - - 1.4

- 11 lb/ton

281 0050000 fires

- vehicles 100 100

- - 4

- 32 lb/ton

2810060100 cremation, human

- - - - - - - -

281 0060200 cremation, animal

- - - - - - - -

2850001000 (misc mercury sectors)

- - - - - - - -

2851001000 (misc mercury sectors)

- - - - - - - -

2861000000 (misc mercury sectors)

- - - - - - - -

2861000010 (misc mercury sectors)

- - - - - - - -