U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Data Series 920

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea 

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June and September 2014

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected 

Volatile Organic Compound Data, Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June and 

September 2014

By R.L. Huffman

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy,

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Data Series 920

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015

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Suggested citation:

Huffman, R.L., 2015, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June and September 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data 

Series 920, 50 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds920.

ISSN 2327-638X (online)
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1

Sample Collection and Analysis..................................................................................................................6

Selected Monitoring Data ............................................................................................................................7

Geochemical Data ...............................................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compounds...............................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations beneath the Phytoremediation 

Plantations.......................................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the Intermediate Aquifer..........................8

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................8

References Cited............................................................................................................................................9

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Quality Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2014 

Geochemical Sampling .................................................................................................................48

Figures

1. Map showing location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.......................................................................2

2. Map showing locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural

attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in groundwater beneath the

9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division

Keyport, Washington....................................................................................................................4

Tables

1. Sites sampled and groundwater levels measured at Operable Unit 1, Naval

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014 ..........................................5

2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014 ......12

3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples

from monitoring wells, piezometers, and passive-diffusion samplers collected by

the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,

Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014 ..............................................................................30
iv

Conversion Factors and Datums

Conversion Factors

Inch/pound to International System of Units

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

acre 0.4047 square hectometer (hm2) 

acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2)

International System of Units to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

Volume

milliliter (mL) 0.03381 fluid ounce (fl oz)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25 °C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27).
Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile 

Organic Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, June and September 2014

By R.L. Huffman 

Abstract

Previous investigations indicate that concentrations 

of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are 

substantial in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill 

at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey has 

continued to monitor groundwater geochemistry to ensure that 

conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation at 

the site.

This report presents groundwater geochemical and 

selected CVOC data collected at Operable Unit 1 by the 

U.S. Geological Survey during June 23–25 and September 4, 

2014, in support of long-term monitoring for natural 

attenuation. Groundwater samples were collected from 

13 wells and 9 piezometers, as well as from 10 shallow 

groundwater passive-diffusion sampling sites in the nearby 

marsh. Samples from all wells and piezometers were analyzed 

for oxidation-reduction (redox) sensitive constituents and 

dissolved gases. Samples from all piezometers and four wells 

also were analyzed for CVOCs, as were all samples from the 

passive-diffusion sampling sites. 

In 2014, concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents 

measured at all wells and piezometers were consistent with 

those measured in previous years, with dissolved oxygen 

concentrations all less than 1 milligram per liter; little to no 

detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and 

methane; and commonly detected sulfide. In the upper aquifer 

of the northern plantation in 2014, CVOC concentrations at 

all piezometers were similar to those measured in previous 

years, and concentrations of the reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene were slightly lower or the same 

as concentrations measured in 2013. In the upper aquifer 

of the southern plantation, CVOC concentrations measured 

in piezometers during 2014 continued to be variable as in 

previous years, often high, and reductive dechlorination 

byproducts were detected in one of the three wells and 

in all but two piezometers. Beneath the marsh adjacent 

to the southern plantation, chloroethene concentrations 

measured in 2014 continued to vary spatially and temporally, 

and were high. Trends for total CVOC concentration 

continued to increase at the historically most contaminated 

passive-diffusion sampler sites (S-4, S-4B, and S-5). For the 

intermediate aquifer in 2014, concentrations of reductive 

dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene and CVOCs were 

consistent with those measured in previous years.

Introduction 

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) have 

migrated to groundwater beneath a former 9-acre landfill at 

Operable Unit 1 (OU 1) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center 

(NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The NUWC is on a 

small peninsula in Kitsap County, Washington, in an extension 

of Puget Sound called Liberty Bay (fig. 1). The former landfill 

is on the narrow strip of land connecting the peninsula to the 

mainland and is adjacent to tidal flats that are an extension of 

Liberty and Dogfish Bays. The OU 1 landfill was constructed 

in a former marshland and was the primary disposal area for 

domestic and industrial waste generated by NUWC Division 

Keyport from the 1930s through 1973.
2 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

tac15-0979_fig01

SR

308

BROWNSVILLE SR

303

HIGHWAY

37' 122°36'30"

T.

26

N.

T.

25

N.

122°38'20" 38' 37'30"

42'

30"

47°

42'

40"

42'

47°

41'

10"

41'

30"

R.1 E.

1,000 2,000 3,000 FEET

0 900 METERS

0

300 600

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

Location of figure 2

WASHINGTON

Seattle

Bremerton

Figure

location

L I B E R T Y

B A Y

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Tide

flats

Pond

Marsh

KEYPORT

VIRGINIA POINT

Landfill

(Operable Unit 1)

P o r t

O r c h a r d

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

Figure 1. Location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington.
Introduction 3

Groundwater beneath OU 1 is within a series of aquifers 

that are composed of permeable sand, gravel, or fill materials 

separated by finer-grained silt or clay layers. Volatile organic 

compound (VOC) contamination at OU 1 is only in about 

the top 60 ft of the unconsolidated deposits in the four 

hydrogeologic units—the unsaturated zone, the upper aquifer, 

the middle confining unit, and the intermediate aquifer. 

Groundwater in the unconfined upper aquifer generally flows 

from the east to the west toward Dogfish Bay. Groundwater in 

the predominantly confined intermediate aquifer flows toward 

the landfill from the south and from the west, and then flows 

northwest beneath the landfill toward Dogfish Bay (Dinicola 

and others, 2002). Two perennial freshwater creeks drain the 

marsh adjacent to the landfill and discharge into the tide flats 

of Dogfish Bay.

CVOCs are in the upper and intermediate aquifers and 

in surface water at OU 1. The predominant contaminants in 

groundwater beneath OU 1 are the chloroethene compounds 

trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2dichloroethene (cis-DCE), 

and vinyl chloride (VC). Less common contaminants 

include tetrachloroethene (PCE), trans-1,2dichloroethene 

(trans-DCE), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE); and the 

chloroethane compounds 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), 

1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), and 1,2-dichloroethane 

(1,2‐DCA). A need for remedial action was identified because 

some of the contaminants present a potential risk to humans, 

primarily through drinking contaminated groundwater or 

through ingesting seafood harvested from contaminated 

surface water (URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). The U.S. Navy 

planted two hybrid poplar plantations on the landfill (fig. 2) in 

spring 1999 to remove and control the migration of CVOCs 

in shallow groundwater. The landfill between the plantations 

is covered with pavement, although the area north of the 

northern plantation is permeable.

The U.S. Navy began a cooperative effort with the 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1995 to evaluate the 

effectiveness of natural attenuation processes for removing 

and controlling the migration of CVOCs in groundwater at 

OU 1. Field and laboratory studies from 1996 through 2000 

demonstrated that biodegradation of CVOCs in shallow 

groundwater at OU 1 was substantial (URS Consultants, Inc., 

1997; Bradley and others, 1998; Dinicola and others, 2002). In 

1998, a remedy was developed for contaminated groundwater 

at OU 1 that included phytoremediation and on-going natural 

attenuation processes to remove and control the migration of 

CVOCs in shallow groundwater (URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). 

In 1999, the U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations 

in two areas on the landfill where contaminant concentrations 

in groundwater were exceptionally high (fig. 2) (URS Greiner, 

Inc., 1999). The U.S. Navy regularly monitored contaminant 

concentrations in groundwater and surface water, along with 

tree health and water levels, to determine the effectiveness of 

phytoremediation (CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc., 2002, 2003, 

2004, and 2005). The USGS has monitored geochemistry and 

contaminant concentrations in groundwater annually from 2001 

through 2014 to evaluate reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions 

and CVOC biodegradation.

This report presents groundwater geochemical and 

selected CVOC data collected by the USGS at OU 1 during 

June 23–25, 2014, and September 4, 2014, in support of the 

long-term monitoring for natural attenuation. The USGS 

collected groundwater samples from 13 wells and 9 piezometers 

during 2014 (table 1 and fig. 2), and concentrations of various 

geochemical constituents used to determine redox conditions 

were determined in all samples. Concentrations of VOCs also 

were determined in samples collected from the nine piezometers 

and in samples from nine passive diffusion-sampling sites in the 

nearby marsh bordering the southern landfill. 
4 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

tac14-0979_fig02

Keys Road

BROWNSVILLE HIGHWAY

Bradley Road

Shapely Road

SR

308

SR

303

Tide flats

Pond

Marsh

Landfill

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

(NUWC)

50 100 150 200 250 METERS

200

0

0 400 600 800 FEET

122°37'20"

T.

26

N.

R.1 E.

122°37'40" 30"

47°

42'

41'

50"

47°

41'

40"

MW1-22

MW1-30

PZ1-5

MW1-23

MW1-24

1MW-4

MW1-36

MW1-37

MW1-39

MW1-38

MW1-32

MW1-21

MW1-29

MW1-40

MW1-25

MW1-28

MW1-9

PZ1-2

PZ1-4

MW1-7

MW1-31

MW1-27 MW1-11

MW1-33

N-1

N-2 N-3

N-4

N-5

N-7 N-6

N-8

C-1

C-2

C-3

 S-1

S-5

S-5B

S-4

S-4B

S-3

S-3B

S-2

S-2B

S-6

PZ1-3

1MW-5

MW22-7

MW1-19

MW1-18

MW22-6

MW1-3

MW1-17

1MW-1 MW1-15

MW1-2

PZ1-1

Private

Well 1

Private

Well 2

MW1-10

MW1-14

MW1-41

P1-1

P1-2

P1-3

MW1-6 MW1-35

MW22-5

MW3-5

MW22-1

MW1-20

MW22-2 MW1-8

P1-4

P1-5

P1-6

P1-7

P1-8

P1-9

P1-10

MW1-5

MW1-16

MW1-4

MW1-1

DB-14

TF19

MA09

MA11

MA10

MA-12

MA13

SW-S6

Passive-diffusion sampler

Data-collection sites—sampled

in 2014 are black, 

not sampled are gray

Surface water 

EXPLANATION

NUWC, Division Keyport 

Former landfill

Phytoremediation plantation

Surface water

Approximate location of former

waste paint and solvent

disposal area

Monitoring well or

piezometer in upper aquifer

Monitoring well or piezometer

in intermediate aquifer

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

P1-1

MW1-28

S-2

MA12

Figure 2. Locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile 

organic compounds in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea 

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.
Introduction 5

Table 1. Sites sampled and groundwater levels measured at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, 2014.

[Well or piezometer site No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. USGS site No.: Unique number for each site based on latitude and longitude of the site. 

First six digits are latitude, next seven digits are longitude, and final two digits are a sequence number to uniquely identify each site. Altitudes of groundwater 

levels and measuring points are given in feet above or below (-) North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Water level is in feet below measuring point (bmp). 

Depth of well and screened interval are in feet below land surface (bls). Altitude of measuring point: Water levels in wells are usually reported as depths 

below land surface, although the measuring point can be any convenient fixed place near the top of the well. For these wells and piezometers, the measuring 

points are marked points on the tops of well casings—they vary from being near the land surface to a few feet above land surface. The altitude of the measuring 

point is commonly recorded so that static water levels also can be reported as altitudes. Abbreviations: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; VOC, volatile organic 

compound; ft, foot; in., inch]

Well or 

piezometer 

site No.

USGS site No. Date and time 

measured

Groundwater 

level altitude 

(ft)

Groundwater 

level 

(ft bmp)

Altitude of 

measuring 

point 

(ft)

Depth of 

well 

(ft bls)

Casing 

diameter

(in.)

Screened 

interval

(ft bls)

VOCs 

sampled 

by USGS

1MW-1 474151122373201 06-24-14 1150 3.73 6.33 10.06 16.5 2 5.5–15.5 No

MW1-2 474153122373101 06-24-14 1300 2.11 9.78 11.89 18.5 4 12.5–17.5 No

MW1-3 474152122372501 06-23-14 1415 9.93 3.62 13.55 11.5 4 5.5–10.5 No

MW1-4 474145122372801 06-23-14 1230 5.57 6.63 12.2 13.0 4 7–12 No

MW1-5 474146122373201 06-23-14 1200 4.32 8.76 13.08 12.0 4 6–11 No

MW1-16 474146122372801 06-23-14 1350 5.57 7.26 12.83 12.0 2 6–11 No

MW1-17 474150122373201 06-23-14 1135 6.18 5.76 11.94 16.5 2 7.5–12.5 No

MW1-20 474145122372501 06-23-14 1220 6.59 3.85 10.44 16.0 2 10–15 No

MW1-25 474154122373201 06-25-14 1245 1.78 10.13 11.91 49.0 2 38–48 Yes

MW1-28 474153122373301 06-25-14 1300 -1.19 11.42 10.23 45.0 2 39–44 Yes

MW1-38 474156122373701 06-25-14 1305 -0.71 10.54 9.83 59.0 2 44–49 Yes

MW1-39 474157122373701 06-25-14 1300 -0.83 10.68 9.85 33.7 2 27.7–32.7 Yes

MW1-41 474152122372901 06-24-14 1230 6.96 8.25 15.21 15.0 2 5–15 No

P1-1 474153122372801 06-24-14 1250 5.95 8.41 14.36 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-3 474153122373102 06-24-14 1310 3.46 9.33 12.79 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-4 474152122373101 06-24-14 1145 4.52 8.03 12.55 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-5 474152122372801 06-24-14 1130 6.32 8.74 15.06 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-6 474146122373001 06-23-14 1220 5.32 7.44 12.76 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-7 474145122373101 06-23-14 1310 5.24 6.88 12.12 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-8 474147122372801 06-23-14 1345 6.05 6.01 12.06 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-9 474145122372901 06-23-14 1355 5.43 6.48 11.91 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-10 474145122372601 06-23-14 1220 6.47 5.39 11.86 15.0 1 10–15 Yes
6 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Sample Collection and Analysis

Water-level measurements, sample collection, processing, 

and field analyses during 2014 were in accordance with 

applicable USGS procedures as described in the National 

Field Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). 

Redox-sensitive analyte measurements and concentrations 

that were determined for samples from 13 wells and 

9 piezometers included dissolved oxygen (DO), filtered 

organic carbon (referred to as dissolved organic carbon 

[DOC]), filtered nitrate plus nitrite, filtered manganese, 

filtered ferrous iron (iron [II]), filtered sulfate, unfiltered 

sulfide, dissolved methane, dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, 

specific conductance, and filtered chloride. Concentrations of 

CVOCs and other VOCs were determined for samples from 

all nine piezometers in the northern and southern landfills 

and nine passive-diffusion sampling sites in the marsh. 

Complete VOC analytical results (including data qualifiers) 

are available from the USGS National Water Information 

System (U.S. Geological Survey, 2014). Concentrations of 

the dissolved gases ethane, ethene, and methane also were 

determined for samples from all wells and piezometers.

After measuring depth to water, all well and piezometer 

samples were collected with a peristaltic pump and single-use 

polyethylene tubing. Samples were collected after about three 

casing-volumes of water were purged from the wells and after 

allowing field measurements of pH, specific conductance, and 

DO to stabilize to within 0.1 unit, 3 percent, and 0.3 mg/L, 

respectively. Field measurements were monitored using a 

flow-through chamber and a Yellow Springs Instruments 

(YSI®) 600XLM or 6920 V2 data sonde. The sonde was 

calibrated prior to use, as described in the National Field 

Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, chaps. 

A6 and A8). The specific conductance sensor was calibrated 

daily with standard reference solutions (1,000 μS/cm and 

checked with solutions ranging from 250 to 750 μS/cm); 

the pH sensor was calibrated daily with two pH standards 

(7 and 10 and checked against pH 4 buffer solution); and the 

DO sensor was calibrated daily using the air-saturated water 

method and occasionally verified with zero-DO solution. 

Dissolved-oxygen analyses were confirmed for most samples 

using 0–1 mg/L CHEMets Rhodazine-D® colorimetric vacuum 

ampoules (manufactured by CHEMetrics®, Inc., Calverton, 

Virginia).

Concentrations of iron (II) were measured in field 

samples filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter using 

a colorimetric 1,10-phenanthroline indicator method and 

a Hach Model 2010 spectrophotometer following Hach 

Method 8146 (Hach Company, 1998; adapted from American 

Public Health Association, 1980). Sulfide concentrations were 

measured in the field with a colorimetric methylene-blue 

indicator method using a spectrophotometer immediately after 

collection utilizing Hach method 8131 (Hach Company, 1998; 

procedure is equivalent to U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency method 376.2 [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1983]). Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were 

measured in the field using Titret®-Sodium hydroxide titrant 

with a pH indicator (manufactured by CHEMetrics®, Inc., 

Calverton, Virginia). 

Samples for analysis of nitrate plus nitrite, sulfate, and 

chloride concentrations were filtered through a 0.45‐μm 

membrane filter into polyethylene bottles, chilled, and sent 

to the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in 

Lakewood, Colorado. Chloride and sulfate were analyzed using 

ion chromatography as described by Fishman and Friedman 

(1989). Nitrate plus nitrite were analyzed colorimetrically by 

enzymatic reduction as described by Patton and Kryskalla 

(2011). The results for the nitrate plus nitrite analyses are 

referred to simply as “nitrate” in this report because nitrite was 

not detected at the site (Dinicola and others, 2002). Samples for 

analysis of manganese were filtered into an acid-rinsed bottle, 

acidified in the field with nitric acid to a pH of less than 2, and 

then shipped to the NWQL for analysis by inductively coupled 

plasma as described by Fishman (1993). 

Samples for DOC analysis were filtered through a 

0.45‐μm filter into amber glass bottles, acidified in the 

field with sulfuric acid to a pH of less than 2, chilled to 

less than 4 °C, and shipped to the NWQL. Organic carbon 

concentrations were determined using persulfate oxidation as 

described by Brenton and Arnett (1993).

Samples for VOC analysis were collected in pre-acidified 

40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to the NWQL 

for subsequent analysis using purge and trap capillary-column 

gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as described by 

Connor and others (1998). Samples for analysis of ethane, 

ethene, and methane were collected in pre-acidified 40-mL 

glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to RTI laboratories 

in Livonia, Michigan, for subsequent analysis using gas 

chromatography with a flame-ionization detector according to 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method RSK SOP-175 

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994; Kampbell and 

Vandegrift, 1998).

On September 4, 2014, passive-diffusion samplers were 

placed in access tubes that had been installed in the marsh 

stream immediately adjacent to the southern landfill in 2012 

to collect shallow groundwater samples for VOC analyses 
Selected Monitoring Data 7

(fig. 2). The samplers consisted of 6-in. long × 2-in. diameter 

polyethylene lay-flat tubing filled with de-ionized water 

and heat sealed at both ends. The samplers were built by 

USGS personnel at the Washington Water Science Center 

(WAWSC), Tacoma, Washington. Filled bags were inserted 

into plastic mesh sleeves to protect the bags from damage. 

Single diffusion samplers were placed in each access tube, 

with a 2-in. diameter cellulose sponge placed on top of the 

sampler to keep it submerged in groundwater. Each well was 

capped to prevent air exchange with the atmosphere. All 

passive-diffusion samplers were allowed to equilibrate with 

the surrounding water for 5 weeks, after which they were 

retrieved by hand, placed on ice, and processed at the WAWSC 

laboratory within 2 hours of retrieval. A corner of each bag 

was cut and three pre-acidified 40-mL glass VOC vials were 

filled, sealed, and kept on ice for shipment to the NWQL for 

VOC analysis. 

Quality assurance and quality control of geochemical 

and contaminant sampling included collecting two duplicate 

samples for selected redox-sensitive analytes and VOCs and 

analyzing a field blank sample for VOCs and redox-sensitive 

analytes. No substantial quality issues were identified in those 

samples (appendix A). 

Selected Monitoring Data

The groundwater chemistry data are grouped with 

regard to aquifer and location of the well or piezometer. 

Upgradient sites are the two upper aquifer wells (MW1-3 and 

MW1-20) east of the former landfill. The former upgradient 

intermediate aquifer well (MW1-33) south of the landfill was 

decommissioned and can no longer be sampled. Northern 

plantation sites are all in the upper aquifer and include 

four wells (1MW-1, MW1-2, MW117, and MW1-41) and 

four piezometers (P1-1, P1-3, P1-4, and P1-5) in or near 

the northern phytoremediation plantation; piezometer P1-2 

generally is dry during June and has never been sampled. 

Southern plantation sites also are all in the upper aquifer and 

include three wells (MW1-4, MW1-5, and MW1-16) and 

five piezometers (P1-6, P1-7, P1-8, P1-9, and P1-10) in or 

near the southern phytoremediation plantation. Intermediate 

aquifer sites include four wells (MW1-25, MW1-28, MW1-38, 

and MW1-39) that are downgradient of the landfill; no 

intermediate aquifer wells are in the footprint of the former 

landfill. Marsh sampling sites refer to the 10 passive-diffusion 

sampling sites (S-1, S-2, S-2B, S-3, S-3B, S-4, S-4B, S-5, 

S-5B, S-6) near the southern plantation (fig. 2). 

Geochemical Data 

Geochemical data collected by the USGS from 

piezometers and selected wells at OU 1 from 1996 to 2014 are 

shown in table 2 (at back of report). Historical geochemical 

data for wells not sampled in 2014 are not included in table 2, 

but are available in Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006) and Dinicola 

and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012). Overall, 

concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents measured in 

2014 were consistent with previous years, with dissolvedoxygen concentrations all less than 1 mg/L; little to no 

detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and 

methane; and commonly detected sulfide. In the southern 

plantation, concentrations of chloride at well MW1-16 

decreased from 6.11 mg/L in 2013 to 3.2 mg/L in 2014 and 

increased at piezometers P1-6 and P1-9 in 2014. Sample 

concentrations from this area of the plantation tend to vary 

year-to-year and the 2014 chloride concentrations are within 

the range of historical values.

Volatile Organic Compounds

VOCs and dissolved ethane and ethene data collected 

from piezometers and selected intermediate aquifer wells at 

OU 1 from June 1999 to June 2014 are shown in table 3 (at 

back of report). Chemical concentrations are reported as less 

than the reporting level for samples in which the analyte was 

either not identified or not detected at concentrations equal to 

or greater than the reporting level. Historical VOC data for 

wells not sampled in 2014 and for dates before 1999 are not 

included in table 3. Complete analytical results for the USGS 

data for 2014 and previous years are available from the USGS 

National Water Information System web site (U.S. Geological 

Survey, 2014). The total CVOC concentrations calculated for 

each sample is the sum of concentrations of CVOCs that were 

positively detected; concentrations reported as “less than” 

values were not included in the total.

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations 

beneath the Phytoremediation Plantations

In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation in 2014, 

CVOC concentrations at all piezometers were similar to those 

measured in previous years. No detectable concentrations of 

CVOCs were detected in samples from piezometers P1-1 and 

P1-3. Trace concentrations of CVOCs were detected in P1-5 

and much higher concentrations were measured at piezometer 

P1-4 as compared to nearby wells. Total CVOC concentrations 
8 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

at piezometer P1-4 were similar, but were greater than 

concentrations measured in 2013. In all wells and piezometers 

sampled, the concentrations of the reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene in 2014 were similar to 

concentrations measured in 2013.

In the upper aquifer of the southern plantation, CVOC 

concentrations measured in all piezometers continued to be 

extremely variable from year to year and often were high. 

Compared to 2013, total CVOC concentrations measured 

in 2014 increased substantially in three piezometers (P1-6, 

P1-7, and P1-9), and were about the same at piezometers P1-8 

and P1-10. In 2014, one or both the reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene were detected in all piezometers 

and only ethane was detected in one of three wells (MW1-4) 

in the southern plantation.

In 2014, CVOC concentrations continued to vary 

spatially and temporally beneath the marsh near the 

southern plantation. Total CVOC concentration at the most 

contaminated passive diffusion sampler site (S-4T in table 3) 

continued to be elevated, increasing by a factor of 18 in 2014. 

Concentrations measured in samplers installed in access tube 

S-4BT and S-5T were about the same as measured in previous 

years. The total CVOC concentration from the sampler placed 

in the S-5B access tube (S-5B T in table 3) decreased from 

1,080 μg/L in 2013 to 1.9 μg/L in 2014.

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the 

Intermediate Aquifer

For the intermediate aquifer in 2014, concentrations of 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were 

consistent with those measured in previous years. Ethene 

was only detected at two of the four wells (MW1-25 and 

MW1-28), and not detected at wells MW1-38 and MW1-39, 

farthest downgradient in the intermediate aquifer. 

Summary

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to 

monitor groundwater geochemistry beneath the 9-acre former 

landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, to ensure that conditions 

remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified 

in the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater 

geochemical and selected VOC data collected at OU 1 by 

the USGS during June and September 2014 in support of 

long-term monitoring for natural attenuation.

Overall, concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents 

measured in 2014 were consistent with previous years, 

with dissolved-oxygen concentrations all at 1 milligram 

per liter or less; little to no detectable nitrate; abundant 

dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and commonly 

detected sulfide. 

In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation in 2014, 

CVOC concentrations at all piezometers were similar to 

those measured in previous years. The concentrations of the 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were 

similar to concentrations measured in 2013. In the upper 

aquifer of the southern plantation, CVOC concentrations 

measured in all piezometers continued to be variable from year 

to year, and both of the reductive dechlorination byproducts 

ethane and ethene were detected in all but two piezometers 

and only ethane was detected in one of the three wells. In 

2014, CVOC concentrations continued to vary spatially and 

temporally beneath the marsh near the southern plantation. 

Total CVOC concentrations, at what have been historically the 

most contaminated passive sampler sites S-4 and S-5 (S-4T, 

S-4BT, S-5), continued to be elevated in 2014, although total 

CVOC concentrations at S-5B T decreased substantially in 

2014 compared to 2013.

For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of reductive 

dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene in 2014 were 

consistent with those measured in previous years. Ethene 

was detected only in wells MWI-25 and MW1-28 and neither 

byproduct was detected at wells MW1-38 and MW1-39, which 

were the farthest downgradient intermediate aquifer wells. 
References Cited 9

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American Public Health Association, 1980, Standard methods 

for the examination of water and wastewater (15th ed.): 

Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association, 

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Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Dinicola, R.S., 1998, 

Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C] dichloroethene under 

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Connor, B.F., Rose, D.L, Noriega, L.M, and Abney, S.R., 

1998, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey 

National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination 

of 86 volatile organic compounds in water by gas 

chromatography-mass spectrometry, including detections 

less than reporting limits: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 97–829, 78 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr97829.]

Dinicola, R.S., 2003, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

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Survey Open-File Report 2003–344, 17 p. [Also available at 

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Dinicola, R.S., 2004, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

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Survey Open-File Report 2004–1203, 19 p. [Also available 

at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20041203.]

Dinicola, R.S., 2006, Continued biodegradation of chlorethene 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2006–5056, 42 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/sir20065056.]

Dinicola, R.S., Cox, S.E., Landmeyer, J.E., and Bradley, P.M., 

2002, Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Weapons Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 2002–4119, 116 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/wri024119.]
10 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2004, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report

2004–1330, 19 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20041330.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report

2006–1374, 28 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20061374.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2007, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report

2007–1430, 30 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20071430.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2009, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

2007 and 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 2009–1141, 42 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20091141.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2012, Biodegradation 

of cholorethene compounds in groundwater at Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, 1999–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2012–5013, 56 p. [Also available at 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20125013.]

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—

Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in 

water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 93–125, 217 p. [Also available at http://

pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr93125.]

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for 

determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial 

sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p. [Also 

available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/twri05A1.]

Hach Company, 1998, DR/2010 Spectrophotometer 

procedures manual: Loveland, Colo., Hach Company, 

823 p.

Huffman, R.L., 2013, Groundwater geochemical and selected 

volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June and October 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data 

Series 766, 44 p. [Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/

ds/766/.]

Huffman, R.L., 2014, Groundwater geochemical and selected 

volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 871, 46 p. 

[Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/871.]

Huffman, R.L., and Dinicola, R.S., 2011, Groundwater 

geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, June 2009: U.S. Geological Survey 

Data Series Report 644, 38 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ds644.]

Kampbell, D.H., and Vandergrift, S.A., 1998, Analysis 

of dissolved methane, ethane, ethenes, and propanes: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23. no. 8, 

p. 965–969.

Patton, C.J., and Kryskalla, J.R., 2011, Colorimetric 

determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic 

reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods: 

U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, 

chap. B8, 34 p.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1997, Final summary data assessment 

report for Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by 

URS Consultants, Seattle, Wash., under Contract Task 

Order 0189 for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

3 volumes.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1998, Final record of decision for 

Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Consultants, 

Seattle, Wash., for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

111 p.
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URS Greiner, Inc., 1999, Phytoremediation closure report 

for Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Greiner, 

Inc., Seattle, Wash., under Contract Task Order 0189 for 

Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Methods for 

chemical analysis of water and wastes—Office of Research 

chemical analysis of water and wastes: Washington, D.C., 

Office of Research and Development Report EPA 600/4-79-

020, 552 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, RSKSOP 

175 rev. no. 2—Sample preparations and calculations 

for dissolved gas analysis in water samples using a GC 

headspace equilibration technique: U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency Test Methods, Region 1, 14 p., accessed 

April 9, 2013, at http://www.epa.gov/region1/info/

testmethods/pdfs/RSKsop175v2.pdf.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2014, Water quality samples for 

Washington: U.S. Geological Survey National Water 

Information System web interface, accessed December 10, 

2014, at http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/qwdat.

U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, National field manual 

for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, 

book 9, chaps. A1–A9, accessed September 10, 2012, at 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/twri09.
12 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 0.4 – – 0.07 <0.01 –

06-20-00 .3 – 0.99 .08 <.01 13

06-12-01 4.0 1.1 1.1 .04 .02 14

06-10-02 .4 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 11

06-17-03 4.3 1.7 1.8 .09 .05 12

06-15-04 .2 1.6 – .09 <.01 12

06-20-05 .1 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 15

06-12-06 .1 1.4 1.6 .11 <.01 14

06-18-07 .6 1.8 1.1 .09 <.01 16

06-16-08 .6 2.0 1.1 .10 <.01 18

06-15-09 .2 1.6 1.0 .12 .01 19

06-14-10 .5 1.5 .92 .14 .01 17

06-20-11 .1 2.5 .64 .18 .01 17

06-04-12 <.2 1.6 .99 .16 .01 17

07-09-13 <.1 1.9 .92 .19 – 17

06-23-14 .6 2.1 .70 .18 <.01 16

MW1-20 06-08-99 .3 – – .35 .03 –

06-21-00 <.1 – <.05 .24 .11 16

06-13-01 .2 1.4 <.05 .28 .01 20

06-12-02 .1 1.4 <.05 .16 .01 17

06-17-03 .2 1.7 <.06 .24 .05 18

06-15-04 .9 1.6 – .23 .03 18

06-20-05 .4 1.5 <.06 .25 .21 16

06-13-06 .1 1.7 <.06 .21 .08 16

06-18-07 .2 1.8 <.06 .21 .34 14

06-18-08 3.4 1.5 <.04 .19 .06 19

06-15-09 .3 1.6 <.04 .19 .16 13

06-14-10 .5 1.3 E.02 .06 .05 18

06-20-11 .3 1.6 <.02 .13 .01 13

06-05-12 .2 1.5 <.02 .12 <.01 13

07-09-13 2.5 1.7 <.04 .20 .11 11

06-23-14 .1 1.9 <.04 .21 .10 8.3
Table 2 13

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upgradient—Continued

MW1-3 06-09-99

06-20-00

<0.01

<.01

–

0.02

–

–

6.0

5.9

202

205

–

8.4

06-12-01

06-10-02

<.01

<.01

.12

.06

–

140

6.1

5.8

203

182

10

9.7

06-17-03

06-15-04

–

<.01

.02

.01

80

–

6.0

5.7

199

205

10

9.1

06-20-05

06-12-06

<.01

<.01

–

.4*

<50

40

6.0

5.5

192

243

7.5

7.0

06-18-07 .01 – 41 5.9 209 5.9

06-16-08

06-15-09

<.01

.01

–

.01

80

80

6.0

6.0

198

208

5.1

7.3

06-14-10

06-20-11

<.01

<.01

E.4*

E.3*

70

80

5.9

5.8

200

238

5.6

16

06-04-12

07-09-13

<.01

<.01

<.2*

<.2*

45

90

5.9

5.8

219

242

12

19

06-23-14 <.01 <2* 35 6.2 238 18

MW1-20 06-08-99 <.01 – – 6.7 546 –

06-21-00 <.01 .01 – 6.8 530 14

06-13-01

06-12-02

<.01

<.01

.27

.06

–

97

6.4

7.0

544

701

33

29

06-17-03

06-15-04

–

<.01

.09

.03

90

–

6.3

6.4

491

552

32

35

06-20-05

06-13-06

<.01

<.01

–

.03

80

60

6.3

6.3

520

574

28

31

06-18-07

06-18-08

<.01

–

–

–

40

70

6.8

6.6

508

517

25

38

06-15-09 <.01 .05 45 6.5 481 24

06-14-10 <.01 .03 35 6.9 580 43

06-20-11 <.01 .02 60 6.5 426 27

06-05-12 <.01 .03 18 6.7 493 34

07-09-13 <.01 .22 100 6.5 512 28

06-23-14 <.01 .09 125 6.5 539 20
14 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96

04-16-97

2.8R

.4

–

–

<0.02

.11

0.18

–

0.24

8.0

7.5

1.4

03-05-98 .1 – – .39 12 –

10-09-98

06-21-00

.5

.5

–

–

–

<.05

.08

.96

.39

13

–

.9

06-11-01

06-10-02

.7

.2

12

14

<.05

<.05

.24

.37

2.9

7.3

2.2

1.7

06-17-03

06-16-04

.1

.1

10

7.7

<.06

–

.17

.09

1.2

.38

2.2

2.0

06-21-05

06-12-06

.1

.2

9.5

8.5

<.06

<.06

.12

.12

1.8

.8

1.7

1.9

06-19-07 .1 6.8 E.05 1.3 .72 6.4

06-17-08

06-15-09

.2

.3

9.6

7.1

<.04

<.04

.13

.10

1.4

.55

1.3

1.4

06-14-10

06-20-11

.9

.3

7.5

7.7

<.04

<.02

.10

.08

.71

.06

.70

.79

06-04-12

07-12-13

.2

<.1

7.0

6.5

<.02

<.04

.07

.08

.3

.05

.51

.63

06-24-14 .3 6.5 <.04 .08 .44 .44

MW1-2 09-17-96 2.4R – <.02 .05 .23 4.6

04-16-97 .2 – <.02 – .13 4.6

03-02-98

10-07-98

–

.1

–

–

–

–

–

.05

.16

.14

–

–

06-09-99

06-21-00

.2

.1

–

–

–

<.05

.08

.06

.09

.10

–

4.3

06-12-01

06-11-02

.3

.1

5.0

45

<.05

<.05

.08

.09

.29

.27

5.4

4.2

06-18-03 .1 6.0 <.06 .10 .29 4.3

06-17-04

06-22-05

.2

<.1

6.7

20

–

<.06

.10

.10

1.0

.44

4.3

4.4

06-12-06 .1 5.9 <.06 .10 .76 3.7

06-19-07

06-17-08

<.1

.1

6.0

6.3

<.06

<.04

.11

.11

.84

.64

3.8

3.4

06-15-09

06-14-10

.3

<.1

6.3

5.9

<.04

<.04

.12

.11

1.2

–

3.6

3.5

06-20-11 .1 6.5 <.02 .12 .82 3.2

06-04-12 .1 5.7 <.02 .13 1.1 3.7

07-09-13 <.1 6.6 <.04 .12 1.0 3.5

06-24-14 .4 6.3 <.04 .13 1.2 3.4
Table 2 15

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

1MW-1 09-17-96

04-16-97

<0.01

.01

10

29

–

–

7.9

7.2

–

–

43

–

03-05-98 .06 – – – – –

10-09-98

06-21-00

06-11-01

06-10-02

.01

<.01

<.01

<.01

–

.39

5.6

14

– 

–

–

77

7.7

7.0

7.1

7.7

1,080

1,070

974

835

–

44

50

54

06-17-03

06-16-04

<.01

.03

7.1

1.8

50

18

7.3

7.0

847

843

54

57

06-21-05

06-12-06

.02

.01

–

3.4

20

10

7.1

7.4

827

787

48

48

06-19-07 .04 1.7 18 7.3 753 7.7

06-17-08

06-15-09

.01

.02

5.4

7.2

11

10

7.4

7.4

737

676

40

44

06-14-10

06-20-11

.02

.02

7.2

5.3

30

22

7.0

7.3

590

569

28

34

06-04-12

07-12-13

.02

.01

6.4

3.8

20

15

7.4

6.0

578

564

28

31

06-24-14 .02 5.6 16 7.5 551 28

MW1-2 09-17-96 <.01 1.2 – 6.9 – 50

04-16-97 <.01 2.5 – 6.7 – –

03-02-98

10-07-98

–

<.01

–

–

–

–

–

6.7

–

868

–

–

06-09-99

06-21-00

<.01

<.01

–

.04

–

–

6.8

6.8

901

870

–

36

06-12-01

06-11-02

<.01

<.01

.78

.92

–

200

6.5

6.6

853

829

48

37

06-18-03

06-17-04

<.01

–

.98

.33

160

50

6.4

6.6

870

858

41

40

06-22-05 <.01 – 75 6.3 720 35

06-12-06

06-19-07

<.01

<.01

.50

.26

115

45

6.5

6.4

815

820

34

30

06-17-08

06-15-09

<.01

.01

.43

.77

40

45

6.6

6.6

797

814

26

30

06-14-10

06-20-11

<.01

<.01

.73

.58

70

100

6.5

6.4

805

742

27

25

06-04-12

07-09-13

<.01

<.01

.59

.60

120

170

6.4

6.6

802

755

26

24

06-24-14 <.01 .80 120 6.5 769 24
16 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 09-17-96

04-16-97

<0.1

<.1

–

–

<0.02

<.02

1.3

–

62

37

4.3

68

10-09-98 <.1 – – .80 56 –

06-22-00

06-12-01

<.1

.4

–

8.0

–

<.05

1.2

1.2

68

48

–

12

06-17-04

06-20-05

<.1

<.1

7.5

6.1

–

<.06

.68

.43

>10

27

18

7.8

06-20-07

06-18-08

<.1

<.1

8.1

6.1

<.06

<.04

.40

.33

22

17

11

7.3

06-15-09 <.1 6.0 <.04 .49 8.5 8.1

06-14-10

06-20-11

–

.3

5.4

7.7

<.04

<.02

.49

.73

20

23

6.9

3.1

06-04-12 <.1 9.8 <.02 .57 31 6.8

07-12-13 <.1 10 <.04 .43 19 18

06-24-14 <.1 10 <.04 .44 19 12

MW1-41 06-09-99

06-21-00

.3

.1

–

–

–

<.05

2.2

3.5

60

55

–

<.3

06-11-01

06-10-02

.3

.8

14

20

<.05

<.05

3.7

3.6

66

52

30

.4

06-18-03

06-17-04

<.1

.1

19

19

<.06

–

3.9

4.0

50

57

<.2

<.2

06-20-05 .1 17 <.06 3.9 73 <.2

06-12-06

06-19-07

<.1

<.1

18

20

<.06

<.06

3.8

3.8

28

66

<.2

<.18

06-16-08

06-15-09

<.1

.1

20

19

<.04

<.04

3.4

4.2

41

29

<.18

<.2

06-14-10

06-20-11

<.1

.1

17

19

<.04

<.02

3.4

3.7

43

63

.3

<.09

06-04-12

07-09-13

.1

.1

17

17

<.02

<.04

3.7

3.3

47

40

.14

.1

06-24-14 <.1 17 <.04 3.7 54 .12

P1-1 06-09-99

06-11-02

.4

<.1

–

17

–

<.05

4.0

2.7

59

40

–

<.1

06-18-03

06-17-04

<.1

.1

18

16

<.06

–

3.4

3.1

32

39

<.2

<.2

06-22-05

06-12-06

<.1

<.1

15

16

<.06

<.06

3.1

2.9

68

54

<.2

<.2

06-19-07

06-16-08

<.1

.1

15

14

<.06

<.04

2.0

2.1

49

32

<.18

<.18

06-15-09 <.1 11 <.04 2.3 38 <.2

06-14-10

06-20-11

<.1

<.1

12

13

<.04

<.02

2.3

2.3

20

41

E.1

<.09

06-04-12

07-09-13

<.1

<.1

12

12

<.02

<.04

2.4

2.3

31

36

.09

<.09

06-24-14 .4 12 <.04 2.3 25 .1
Table 2 17

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 09-17-96 <0.01 8.9 – 6.5 – 61

04-16-97 .02 23 – 6.6 – –

10-09-98

06-22-00

06-12-01

06-17-04

.02

.02

.01

–

–

2.8

9.4

.37

–

–

–

70

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.5

1,740

1,260

1,200

318

–

160

120

150

06-20-05 .04 – 80 6.3 563 74

06-20-07 .03 2.9 55 6.5 635 96

06-18-08 .04 5.5 26 6.6 551 59

06-15-09 .03 8.3 40 6.3 523 68

06-14-10 .03 10 120 6.2 271 46

06-20-11 .08 6.2 140 6.2 715 28

06-04-12 .03 8.6 80 6.5 751 59

07-12-13 .03 5.6 70 6.3 961 24

06-24-14 .02 10 70 6.8 905 77

MW1-41 06-09-99

06-21-00

06-11-01

06-10-02

06-18-03

06-17-04

06-20-05

06-12-06

06-19-07

.01

<.01

.02

.04

.03

.02

.01

.02

.01

–

1.9

25

21

14

7.4

–

8.5

6.3

–

–

–

540

500

450

500

310

350

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.1

6.4

6.3

6.7

1,260

1,500

1,330

1,190

1,280

1,300

1,300

1,240

1,280

8.0

8.3

9.9

7.9

9.5

11

8.7

8.4

8.7

06-16-08

06-15-09

.01

<.01

9.9

18

300

400

6.4

6.2

1,240

1,200

11

16

06-14-10

06-20-11

.02

.01

24

11

<10

250

6.4

6.0

1,200

1,040

15

13

06-04-12

07-09-13

<.01

<.01

19

13

260

350

6.3

6.5

1,150

1,130

10

121

06-24-14 <.01 12 225 6.9 1,160 7.3

P1-1 06-09-99

06-11-02

<.01

<.01

–

29

–

400

6.4

6.3

1,350

987

8.0

9.3

06-18-03

06-17-04

.02

.02

–

3.7

450

430

6.2

6.0

1,030

987

11

9.2

06-22-05 <.01 10 370 6.3 847 7.1

06-12-06 .01 7.8 225 6.2 979 7.2

06-19-07 .02 8.1 160 6.1 920 5.7

06-16-08 .02 12 350 6.5 914 4.4

06-15-09 .02 24 325 6.3 830 3.7

06-14-10 .02 27 180 6.4 798 3.4

06-20-11 .01 12 160 6.4 763 3.0

06-04-12 .02 27 275 6.2 731 2.9

07-09-13 .02 14 250 6.2 756 3.0

06-24-14 .02 16 250 6.3 790 2.8
18 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-3 06-09-99 0.2 – – 1.0 19 –

06-11-02 <.1 17 <0.05 2.6 39 1.0

06-18-03 .1 18 <.06 2.0 29 1.8

06-17-04 <.1 16 – 2.8 >10 .55

06-22-05 <.1 15 <.06 2.8 60 .38

06-12-06 <.1 16 <.06 2.5 39 .2

06-19-07 <.1 15 <.06 2.5 40 .24

06-17-08 <.1 14 <.04 2.9 32 <.18

06-15-09 .2 11 <.04 3.0 – E.1

06-14-10 .2 12 <.04 2.8 21 .2

06-20-11 .3 13 <.02 2.9 47 <.09

06-04-12 .4 19 .02 3.0 36 .15

07-09-13 <.1 20 <.04 2.8 21 .09

06-24-14 <.1 20 <.04 2.9 – .2

P1-4 06-09-99 .3 – – .34 2.6 –

06-13-01 .5 8.7 <.05 .38 3.4 3.8

06-11-02 .1 8.0 <.05 2.6 3.7 3.5

06-18-03 .1 7.0 <.06 .43 4.1 4.0

06-17-04 .1 7.6 – .42 3.0 4.0

06-21-05 .1 6.7 <.06 .38 2.3 4.6

06-12-06 <.1 6.8 <.06 .35 1.8 4.3

06-19-07 <.1 7.1 <.06 .35 3.2 4.7

06-16-08 <.1 7.7 <.04 .35 3.5 4.4

06-15-09 .6 7.5 <.04 .39 2.4 4.1

06-14-10 .7 7.5 <.04 .38 .12 4.4

06-20-11 <.1 8.5 <.02 .41 2.2 5.1

06-04-12 .1 7.3 <.02 .41 1.4 4.9

07-09-13 .1 7.3 <.04 .40 2 5.0

06-24-14 .9 7.9 <.04 .48 2.7 4.9

P1-5 06-08-99 .3 – – 3.1 72 –

06-10-02 .1 25 <.05 2.6 62 <.6

06-18-03 .1 24 <.06 3.1 54 <.2

06-17-04 <.1 23 – 3.1 >10 <.2

06-21-05 .1 22 <.06 3.5 74 E.1

06-12-06 <.1 21 <.06 3.6 66 E.1

06-19-07 <.1 22 <.06 3.2 48 <.2

06-16-08 <.1 21 <.04 3.6 44 <.2

06-15-09 <.1 19 <.04 4.3 33 E.2

06-14-10 <.1 18 <.04 3.3 59 E.1

06-20-11 .4 18 <.02 3.4 38 <.09

06-04-12 <.1 18 <.02 3.6 21 <.09

07-09-13 <.1 19 < .04 2.8 18 <.09

06-24-14 .8 18 <.04 2.9 8.8 .12
Table 2 19

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-3 06-09-99 0.04 – – 6.8 1,470 –

06-11-02 .03 24 400 6.4 1,340 61

06-18-03 .03 – 350 6.4 1,400 90

06-17-04 <.01 5.7 330 6.5 1,350 57

06-22-05 .03 8.4 320 6.4 1,200 68

06-12-06 .03 7.1 330 6 1,440 51

06-19-07 .03 7.1 260 6.5 1,420 55

06-17-08 .03 14 200 6.4 1,230 31

06-15-09 .03 18 180 6.2 1,220 45

06-14-10 .03 22 350 6.5 1,050 30

06-20-11 .06 11 275 6.3 1,040 21

06-04-12 .04 18 – 6.4 1,000 15

07-09-13 .01 13 400 6.3 1,200 38

06-24-14 <.01 10 325 6.7 1,030 14

P1-4 06-09-99 .02 – – 6.9 867 –

06-13-01 <.01 .93 – 6.6 761 53

06-11-02 <.01 5.9 90 6.7 734 56

06-18-03 .01 4.2 70 6.6 778 59

06-17-04 .02 1.8 60 6.4 782 48

06-21-05 <.01 1.8 42 6.6 750 47

06-12-06 <.01 1.7 32 6.4 823 44

06-19-07 <.01 2.5 26 6.7 745 44

06-16-08 .01 3.1 20 6.9 749 40

06-15-09 .01 6.4 25 6.8 724 39

06-14-10 .01 6.2 30 6.8 795 42

06-20-11 <.01 3.1 65 6.8 809 46

06-04-12 <.01 3.5 25 6.9 821 52

07-09-13 <.01 2.2 55 6.7 863 74

06-24-14 <.01 4.1 60 6.7 937 81

P1-5 06-08-99 .01 – – 6.2 1,320 –

06-10-02 .02 23 400 6.2 1,200 17

06-18-03 .02 18 650 6.2 1,150 16

06-17-04 – 5.8 450 6.4 1,160 14

06-21-05 .04 9.4 400 6.3 1,150 13

06-12-06 .05 6.8 370 5.8 1,100 9.9

06-19-07 .04 8.5 350 6.3 1,030 9.3

06-16-08 .04 14 275 6.3 1,080 10

06-15-09 .12 22 500 6.3 1,050 13

06-14-10 .02 24 400 6.3 990 9.6

06-20-11 .03 9.7 250 6.3 935 9.3

06-04-12 .02 18 – 6.4 935 8.5

07-09-13 .02 19 300 6.1 929 6.8

06-24-14 .01 17 300 6.3 953 6.6
20 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 09-17-96 2.8R – <0.02 0.28 1.8 7.1

04-16-97

03-03-98

.4

.2

–

–

.24

–

–

.10

<.01

.01

8.6

–

10-08-98 .5 – – – .28 –

06-07-99

06-22-00

.1

.1

–

–

–

–

.20

.70

1.2

–

–

5.5

06-14-01

06-13-02

.5

.1

2.5

3.8

.08

.08

.54

.47

1.6

1.2

5.4

5.5

06-20-03

06-18-04

.1

.1

2.5

2.7

<.06

–

.53

.61

.22

.12

5.7

5.9

06-23-05

06-13-06

.1

.1

.7

3.9

<.06

<.06

.14

.79

.03

.19

8.8

5.7

06-20-07 <.1 1.4 <.06 .29 .23 7.5

06-18-08

06-16-09

.1

.4

2.6

.8

E.03

<.04

.42

.19

.19

<.01

7.1

8.7

06-15-10

06-21-11

.8

<.1

4.5

4.6

<.04

<.02

1.1

1.3

.3

.39

6.4

6.2

06-05-12

07-10-13

.1

.1

2.3

3.3

<.02

<.04

.88

.80

.36

.28

6.3

6.5

06-23-14 .2 2.0 .05 .53 .26 6.9

MW1-5 09-17-96 <.1 – <.02 1.6 19 6.4

04-16–97 <.1 – .08 – 3.1 2.8

03-04-98

10-08-98

<.1

<.1

–

–

–

–

1.3

1.5

4.5

11

–

–

06-08-99

06-22-00

.3

<.1

–

–

–

–

1.2

1.5

31

39

–

6.4

06-13-01

06-13-02

.3

.5

9.6

11

.12

.14

1.5

1.5

25

20

6.0

6.3

06-20-03

06-18-04

.1

.4

11

7.2

<.06

–

1.5

1.8

30

>10

6.8

5.6

06-22-05 <.1 8.2 .16 1.2 27 6.7

06-13-06

06-20-07

.1

<.1

7.8

8.0

.08

<.06

1.3

.10

14

21

6.0

1.7

06-18-08

06-16-09

.3

.2

5.9

8.3

.15

.09

1.0

1.8

16

14

7.3

5.7

06-15-10

06-21-11

.2

.1

7.7

7.9

.13

.1

1.4

1.7

23

22

5.8

5.2

06-05-12

07-10-13

.1

<.1

6.8

6.0

.1

.11

1.5

1.1

26

16

5.1

5.5

06-23-14 <.1 6.9 .06 1.3 24 5.2
Table 2 21

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-4 09-17-96 <0.01 1.2 – 6.9 – 15

04-16-97 <.01 .70 – 7.3 – –

03-03-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 6.7 368 –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 6.6 350 –

06-22-00 <.01 .56 – 6.8 412 19

06-14-01 <.01 3.7 – 6.5 360 22

06-13-02 <.01 5.2 60 6.6 442 20

06-20-03 <.01 3.7 40 6.7 324 17

06-18-04 <.01 1.1 50 6.0 320 23

06-23-05 <.01 – <10 7.9 203 7.3

06-13-06 .01 2.1 30 6.6 362 20

06-20-07 <.01 .53 14 7.0 252 11

06-18-08 <.01 1.7 12 7.2 279 15

06-16-09 <.01 .73 <10 7.7 250 9.0

06-15-10 <.01 4.1 16 6.9 360 16

06-21-11 <.01 2.9 – 6.9 325 17

06-05-12 <.01 2.8 20 6.8 311 13

07-10-13 <.01 2.1 23 6.6 310 13

06-23-14 <.01 1.6 15 6.9 283 9.9

MW1-5 09-17-96 <.01 2.4 – 6.7 – 21

04-16–97 .03 18 – 6.6 – –

03-04-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-08-98

06-08-99

<.01

.01

–

–

–

–

6.4

6.5

1,740

855

–

–

06-22-00 <.01 1.1 – 6.6 790 19

06-13-01 .01 2.4 – 6.4 766 12

06-13-02 .02 7.4 180 6.5 608 9.6

06-20-03 .03 4.9 180 6.4 711 10

06-18-04 – 2.4 200 6.5 795 9.8

06-22-05 .02 – 70 6.3 520 9.5

06-13-06 .02 1.9 50 6.5 603 8.5

06-20-07 .03 1.1 100 6.5 603 44

06-18-08 .01 1.8 100 6.6 562 8.4

06-16-90 .02 3.5 500 6.4 684 11

06-15-10 .01 4.4 80 6.6 647 13

06-21-11 <.01 3.2 180 6.3 741 15

06-05-12 .01 3.4 130 6.4 647 12

07-10-13 .02 2.0 55 6.3 519 8.4

06-23-14 .01 3.7 45 7.0 586 8.2
22 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-16 09-17-96 <0.1 – <0.02 3.9 130 0.2

04-16-97 <.1 – <.02 – 120 2.2

03-04-98 .3 – – 18 100 –

10-08-98 <.1 – – 5.4 180 –

06-07-99 .6 – – >5 140 –

06-22-00 .1 – – 1.9 60 1.2

06-14-01 .2 66 .33 2.4 56 1.1

06-13-02 .9 71 <.05 3.2 38 .4

06-20-03 .2 29 <.6 2.1 37 .6

06-22-04 .1 36 – 2.1 >10 .1

06-23-05 .1 20 <.06 2.0 66 .4

06-13-06 .1 17 <.06 1.7 14 20

06-20-07 <.1 18 <.06 1.8 44 9.7

06-18-08 .1 17 <.04 2.2 28 10

06-16-09 .2 – <.04 2.6 43 88

06-15-10 .5 14 <.04 1.7 22 8.6

06-21-11 .2 16 <.02 2.1 17 5.2

06-06-12 .3 16 <.02 1.9 18 8.0

07-10-13 .2 17 <.04 1.9 27 27

06-23-14 .2 15 <.04 1.3 12 7.2

P1-6 06-08-99 .1 – – .12 .02 –

06-14-01 .2 34 .23 .45 .95 4.9

06-13-02 <.1 26 <.05 .88 1.0 4.3

06-20-03 .2 4.1 <.06 .08 .13 7.5

06-18-04 .1 10 – .11 1.0 7.2

06-23-05 .1 5.8 <.06 .17 .15 6.3

06-13-06 .1 26 <.06 .91 1.4 3.4

06-20-07 <.1 3.9 <.06 .08 .08 7.1

06-18-08 .1 10 <.04 .15 .10 5.5

06-16-09 .1 3.2 <.04 .08 .07 6.1

06-15-10 .1 2.0 <.04 .06 .05 6.0

06-21-11 .1 2.2 <.02 .07 .06 6.4

06-06-12 .2 0.88 <.02 .04 .01 7.1

07-10-13 .2 1.4 <.04 .06 .03 5.8

06-23-14 .2 3.9 <.04 .11 – 4.0

P1-7 06-08-99 .1 – – .61 2.1 –

06-22-00 .1 – – 2.6 3.2 24

06-14-01 .2 11 <.05 2.3 2.0 18

06-14-02 1.3 8.9 <.05 2.2 1.9 12

06-20-03 .1 5.6 <.06 1.9 1.3 7.5

06-18-04 <.1 6.9 – 2.4 2.0 9.8

06-22-05 .1 8.8 <.06 2.1 1.9 26

06-13-06 .5 7.6 <.06 2.0 1.8 20

06-20-07 .1 5.7 <.06 2.1 1.2 6.0

06-18-08 <.1 6.7 <.04 2.1 1.3 6.9

06-16-09 .2 6.4 <.04 2.2 1.3 6.5

06-15-10 <.1 6.4 <.04 1.9 1.2 17

06-21-11 .3 6.3 <.02 2.2 1.3 17

06-05-12 .3 5.2 <.02 1.5 .90 10

07-10-13 .1 4.8 <.04 1.2 .96 5.9

06-23-14 .2 4.7 <.04 1.4 2.2 4.6
Table 2 23

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-16 09-17-96 <0.01 4.3 – 6.5 – 150

04-16-97 .06 29 – 6.5 – –

03-04-98 .01 – – – – –

10-08-98

06-07-99

06-22-00

<.01

.01

.02

–

–

1.2

–

–

–

6.3

6.7

6.7

3,370

1,820

902

–

–

43

06-14-01 .08 10 – 6.4 953 40

06-13-02

06-20-03

.04

.06

24

9.7

270

240

6.5

6.5

1,400

835

17

6.8

06-22-04 .50 4.3 230 6.3 817 6.9

06-23-05 .12 – 225 6.6 767 3.8

06-13-06 .06 3.0 70 6.7 737 3.5

06-20-07 .13 2.1 190 6.4 763 6.5

06-18-08 .08 3.3 40 6.4 770 16

06-16-09 .45 8.8 80 6.4 880 21

06-15-10 .11 5.9 60 6.3 611 9.4

06-21-11 .45 3.5 100 6.3 541 8.2

06-06-12 .45 1.4 70 6.7 706 7.8

07-10-13 .23 1.7 225 6.2 772 6.1

06-23-14 .25 2.2 200 6.0 593 3.2

P1-6 06-08-99 .04 – – 6.8 574 –

06-14-01 .12 6.3 – 6.4 657 47

06-13-02 .11 11 170 6.4 604 37

06-20-03 .07 4.8 40 8.1 278 13

06-18-04 .10 .37 <10 8.6 268 18

06-23-05 .12 1.4 24 7.1 332 24

06-13-06 .14 2.6 30 6.6 757 35

06-20-07 .07 .38 16 8.3 249 10

06-18-08 .07 2.2 <10 8.3 291 22

06-16-09 .06 2.2 <10 8.2 318 16

06-15-10 .05 2.8 20 8.6 272 14

06-21-11 .05 1 16 8.2 233 11

06-06-12 .12 .47 50 8.4 247 6.5

07-10-13 .02 .62 <10 8.0 264 11

06-23-14 – 3.5 10 7.9 308 18

P1-7 06-08-99 <.01 – – 6.7 627 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.5 – 6.8 851 55

06-14-01 <.01 4.0 – 6.5 666 41

06-14-02 <.01 6.0 87 6.6 601 60

06-20-03 <.01 4.8 50 6.6 498 42

06-18-04 <.01 1.7 40 6.7 613 56

06-22-05 <.01 2.3 37 6.5 637 55

06-13-06 <.01 2.1 – 6.6 639 49

06-20-07 <.01 2.4 12 6.6 494 43

06-18-08 <.01 3.8 14 6.7 556 49

06-16-09 .01 6.6 16 6.7 566 53

06-15-10 .01 5.5 40 6.8 577 35

06-21-11 <.01 2.7 23 6.7 557 31

06-05-12 <.01 4.6 18 7.1 487 26

07-10-13 <.01 3.5 27 6.5 495 41

06-23-14 <.01 4.7 18 7.2 466 36
24 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 <0.1 – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-14-01 .1 4.7 0.06 .16 .22 0.1

06-13-02 .3 8.8 <.05 .21 .38 .3

06-20-03 .1 2.3 <.06 .09 .12 .4

06-18-04 .4 3.0 – .13 .01 .4

06-23-05 .2 14 <.06 .12 .12 <.2

06-13-06 <.1 3.2 <.06 .14 .02 .4

06-20-07 .1 3.9 <.06 .15 .14 <.18

06-18-08 <.1 4.1 <.04 .15 .16 .38

06-15-09 <.1 3.5 <.04 .17 .02 .34

06-15-10 <.1 3.5 <.04 .16 .1 .4

06-21-11 .2 5.1 <.02 .21 .11 <.09

06-06-12 .1 3.6 <.02 .16 .07 .11

07-10-13 .2 4.0 <.04 .16 .09 <.09

06-23-14 .3 4.1 <.04 .15 <.01 .02

P1-9 06-08-99 .3 – – .90 .03 –

06-22-00 .1 – – .69 .20 6.6

06-14-01 .1 1.7 <.05 .19 .05 7.6

06-13-02 .6 9.8 <.05 1.2 .42 5.6

06-20-03 .1 3.7 <.06 .24 <.01 7.0

06-18-04 .1 4.0 – .26 .14 7.3

06-23-05 .1 1.4 <.06 .11 .01 8.7

06-13-06 .2 9.6 <.06 1.4 .33 5.3

06-20-07 .1 4.5 <.06 .28 .13 7.0

06-18-08 <.1 10 <.04 .17 .07 7.9

06-16-09 .2 6.0 <.04 .60 .15 5.4

06-14-10 <.1 1.2 <.04 .16 <.01 8.6

06-21-11 .2 2.0 <.02 .20 .04 7.2

06-05-12 .2 .47 <.02 .11 .01 8.9

07-10-13 <.1 .48 <.04 .11 <.01 9.1

06-23-14 .6 .8 <.04 .15 .01 7.9

P1-10 06-07-99 .3 – – .10 .11 –

06-22-00 <.1 – – .07 .25 <0.3

06-13-01 .2 4.2 <.05 .07 .20 .06

06-12-02 .1 3.5 <.05 .05 .41 <.1

06-19-03 .1 3.5 <.06 .42 .34 2.6

06-18-04 .1 3.5 – .58 .35 <.2

06-22-05 .1 3.3 <.06 .74 .24 <.2

06-13-06 .1 3.4 <.06 .92 .15 <.2

06-20-07 <.1 4.2 <.06 .10 .31 <.18

06-18-08 <.1 4.2 <.04 .12 .23 <.18

06-15-09 .1 4.0 <.04 .24 .28 <.2

06-14-10 .1 5.0 <.04 .28 .19 <.2

06-21-11 .1 5.5 <.02 .43 .25 <.09

06-05-12 .1 5.4 <.02 .56 .28 .13

07-10-13 .1 5.5 <.04 .61 .32 <.09

06-23-14 .4 5.7 <.04 .69 .22 <.02
Table 2 25

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 0.01 – – 7.6 381 –

06-14-01 .02 6.9 – 7.0 363 18

06-13-02 .02 11 40 6.9 482 35

06-20-03 <.01 9.6 <10 7.2 285 3.3

06-18-04 .01 1.7 <10 7.4 336 5.9

06-23-05 <.01 3.4 <10 7.5 308 4.2

06-13-06 <.01 4.5 <10 7.5 332 8.0

06-20-07 <.01 6.6 <10 7.5 348 5.9

06-18-08 <.01 7.9 <10 8.0 358 8.7

06-15-08 <.01 10 <10 7.9 356 6.7

06-15-10 <.01 13 15 7.6 353 6.0

06-21-11 .01 6.4 <10 7.6 361 15

06-06-12 <.01 9.6 <10 7.8 364 5.9

07-10-13 .01 8.1 <10 7.8 365 7.6

06-23-14 <.01 13 <10 7.6 378 5.7

P1-9 06-08-99 <.01 – – 6.6 680 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.7 – 6.8 548 59

06-14-01 <.01 1.4 – 7.8 289 14

06-13-02 <.01 7.5 91 6.5 601 71

06-20-03 .01 2.5 27 7.0 353 23

06-18-04 <.01 .71 35 6.7 330 26

06-23-05 <.01 .02 <10 8.3 202 12

06-13-06 .01 3.2 37 6.6 728 112

06-20-07 <.01 1.4 10 7.4 325 31

06-18-08 <.01 .74 <10 7.6 235 28

06-16-09 <.01 6.7 14 6.8 507 72

06-14-10 <.01 .6 12 8.3 233 19

06-21-11 <.01 1.2 <10 7.5 326 28

06-05-12 <.01 .30 70 8.2 234 7.7

07-10-13 .02 .16 <10 8.1 237 6.9

06-23-14 <.01 .23 <10 8.2 231 18

P1-10 06-07-99 <.01 – – 6.7 560 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.3 – 7.1 500 15

06-13-01 <.01 4.9 – 7.2 476 15

06-12-02 <.01 18 51 6.8 438 14

06-19-03 <.01 8.2 30 6.6 425 16

06-18-04 <.01 .33 45 6.3 422 9.5

06-23-05 <.01 .71 40 6.6 420 11

06-13-06 <.01 6.3 29 6.6 437 26

06-20-07 <.01 6.1 15 6.3 391 15

06-18-08 <.01 4.7 11 6.8 358 7.3

06-15-09 <.01 3.4 35 6.7 406 6.6

06-14-10 <.01 4.1 50 6.7 431 6.5

06-21-11 <.01 3.6 40 6.8 407 5.6

06-05-12 <.01 7.5 15 6.8 410 6.5

07-10-13 <.01 6.3 40 6.6 383 8.2

06-23-14 <.01 7.2 35 6.5 386 <.02
26 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 09-17-96

04-17-97

2.7R

.1

–

–

0.14

<.02

0.16

–

0.74

.88

16

15

03-05-98 .3 – – .20 .73 –

10-05-98

06-22-00

.1

.2

–

–

–

–

.19

.16

.99

.80

–

13

06-12-01

06-14-02

.2

.1

6.8

6.2

<.05

<.05

.16

.18

.99

1.1

13

9.7

06-19-03

06-16-04

.1

.1

6.5

6.2

<.06

–

.18

.17

1.1

1.0

11

10

06-21-05

06-14-06

.1

.1

5.9

6.3

<.06

<.06

.16

.14

1.0

.97

9.5

8.1

06-18-07 <.1 6.6 <.06 .14 .87 7.1

06-17-08

06-17-09

.1

.1

6.4

6.7

<.04

<.04

.13

.15

.86

1.1

6.9

6.9

06-15-10

06-22-11

.8

.2

6.6

7.2

.05

<.02

.13

.14

.78

.25

6.6

7.2

06-06-12

07-11-13

.1

.2

6.9

7.1

<.02

<.04

.15

.17

1.0

1.0

6.6

6.2

06-25-14 .1 8.3 <.04 .15 .51 5.9

MW1-28 09-16-96 2.1R – <.02 .20 1.0 48

04-17-97 <.1 – .04 – .99 51

03-05-98

10-07-98

.5

<.1

–

–

–

–

.20

.19

.67

1.0

–

–

06-22-00

06-12-01

<.1

.5

–

6.9

–

<.05

.16

.16

.66

.90

44

45

06-14-02

06-19-03

.1

.1

7.0

6.8

<.05

<.06

.16

.16

.92

.66

39

39

06-16-04 .1 5.9 – .18 <.01 36

06-21-05

06-14-06

.2

.1

6.3

6.1

<.06

<.06

.16

.16

.98

.78

37

35

06-18-07

06-17-08

<.1

<.1

6.7

7.1

<.06

<.04

.16

.15

.87

.85

33

33

06-17-09

06-15-10

.2

.8

6.5

6.6

<.04

<.04

.16

.15

.96

.76

33

31

06-22-11 .2 7.0 <.02 .15 .69 5.8

06-06-12

07-11-13

.2

.1

6.8

7.0

<.02

<.04

.14

.14

.67

.84

 28

25

06-25-14 .2 7.5 <.04 .13 .50 25
Table 2 27

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-25 09-17-96 <0.01 3.6 – 7.1 – 140

04-17-97 <.01 7.9 – 7.0 – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-05-98 <.01 – – 6.9 1,240 –

06-22-00 <.01 .79 – 6.9 1,230 170

06-12-01

06-14-02

<.01

<.01

4.7

7.0

–

83

6.7

6.7

1,180

1,030

160

170

06-19-03

06-16-04

<.01

<.01

8.1

1.4

65

40

6.7

7.1

1,180

1,210

170

160

06-21-05

06-14-06

<.01

<.01

2.1

2.4

33

27

6.9

6.9

1,150

1,090

160

140

06-18-07

06-17-08

<.01

<.01

1.3

2.8

27

35

6.6

6.9

1,040

1,040

140

140

06-19-09 – 5.1 <10 6.5 923 124

06-15-10

06-22-11

<.01

<.01

4.7

2.6

30

40

6.7

6.7

1,050

1,040

131

127

06-06-12

07-11-13

<.01

<.01

3.9

3.0

18

45

6.8

6.7

1,070

1,070

122

116

06-25-14 <.01 3.1 30 7.0 1,080 115

MW1-28 09-16-96 <.01 1.7 – – – 380

04-17-97 <.01 5.3 – 7.4 – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-07-98

06-22-00

.02

<.01

–

.45

–

–

6.6

7.3

2,630

2,460

–

510

06-12-01

06-14-02

<.01

<.01

4.1

3.9

–

40

7.4

7.2

2,200

2,580

490

460

06-19-03

06-16-04

<.01

<.01

1.7

.77

32

21

7.1

7.2

2,440

2,280

490

450

06-21-05 <.01 1.0 23 6.9 2,210 472

06-14-06

06-18-07

.01

.02

.83

.67

21

25

7.0

7.1

2,110

2,060

443

430

06-17-08

06-17-09

<.01

<.01

1.5

2.2

13

<10

7.1

7.2

2,080

1,860

420

415

06-15-10

06-22-11

<.01

<.01

2.2

1.5

27

30

7.2

7.3

2,030

2,020

399

78

06-06-12

07-11-13

<.01

<.01

2.4

1.6

17

40

7.3

7.0

1,920

1,920

390

376

06-25-14 <.01 1.4 14 7.2 1,960 365
28 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because 

of inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual 

value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-38 10-09-98 0.1 – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-20-00 .2 – <0.05 .08 .10 2.3

06-12-02 <.1 – <.05 .08 .42 2.9

06-16-04 .1 4.9 – .06 .04 1.2

06-24-05 .1 4.4 <.06 .06 .09 3.3

06-14-06 .1 2.4 <.06 .01 .05 1.0

06-21-07 .6 4.7 <.06 .04 .04 3.1

06-17-08 .1 5.0 <.04 .04 .03 2.5

06-17-09 .4 4.5 <.04 .05 .10 3.4

06-15-10 <.1 4.3 <.04 .05 .03 2.3

06-22-11 .3 5.1 <.02 .05 .04 1.6

06-06-12 .2 4.9 <.02 .05 .02 1.1

07-11-13 .1 4.7 <.04 .01 .03 2.0

06-25-14 .3 4.9 <.04 .06 .10 1.2

MW1-39 09-16-96 2.0R – <.02 .05 .33 0.7

04-17-97 <.1 – <.02 – .05 13

03-03-98 .3 – – .10 .03 –

10-09-98 <.1 – – <.01 .04 –

06-07-99 .3 – – .10 .02 –

06-20-00 .1 – <.05 .01 .07 .2

06-12-01 .3 3.3 <.05 .01 <.01 .1

06-12-02 <.1 2.8 <.05 .01 .10 .1

06-19-03 .1 2.5 <.06 .01 <.01 1.2

06-16-04 .1 2.4 – .01 .05 .1

06-14-06 .1 4.5 <.06 .05 .05 1.7

06-21-07 <.1 2.3 <.06 .01 .04 .98

06-17-08 .6 2.7 <.04 .01 .04 1.0

06-17-09 .4 2.0 <.04 .01 <.01 1.0

06-15-10 <.1 2.0 <.04 .01 .04 E.1

06-22-11 .1 2.1 <.02 .01 .03 <.09

06-06-12 <.1 2.0 <.02 .09 .08 .12

07-11-13 .1 1.9 <.04 .01 .03 .1

06-25-14 .1 1.9 <.04 .004 .02 .1
Table 2 29

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2014.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2014); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated 

from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 

25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging); *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value 

is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-38 10-09-98

06-20-00

0.02

.03

–

.10

–

–

7.8

7.8

1,460

1,240

–

230

06-12-02 .04 1.1 7 7.6 1,350 230

06-16-04 .03 .13 11 7.4 1,130 200

06-24-05 .03 .05 <10 7.7 1,210 230

06-14-06

06-21-07

<.01

.05

.41

.31

<10

9

7.5

7.4

1,120

1,190

62

230

06-17-08

06-17-09

.02

.03

.32

.77

<10

<10

7.7

7.7

1,140

1,140

220

214

06-15-10 <.01 .64 – 7.5 864 180

06-22-11 .02 .85 <10 7.8 1,050 198

06-06-12

07-11-13

.03

.05

2.4

.83

<10

<10

7.6

7.5

1,060

1,060

186

192

06-25-14 .03 1.3 <10 7.5 1,040 188

MW1-39 09-16-96 .04 1.6 – – – 85

04-17-97 .06 6.1 – 7.9 – –

03-03-98 .05 – – – – –

10-09-98 .07 – – 8.1 502 –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 8.0 512 –

06-20-00 .08 .41 – 8.0 481 61

06-12-01 .05 2.7 – 7.8 472 61

06-12-02 .06 4.8 2 7.9 464 60

06-19-03 .05 5.4 <10 7.7 456 58

06-16-04 .07 .72 <10 7.4 451 58

06-14-06 .06 1.2 <10 8.0 461 210

06-21-07 .05 1.3 <10 7.7 453 60

06-17-08 .06 1.9 <10 7.9 451 59

06-17-09 .04 3.2 <10 8.0 450 56

06-15-10 .05 3.5 18 8.0 451 58

06-22-11 .05 2.3 <10 8.1 456 61

06-06-12 .04 1.1 <10 7.9 468 58

07-11-13 .04 1.9 <10 7.0 461 63

06-25-14 .01 1.5 <10 7.8 457 61
30 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014. 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.12

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-12-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-20-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

06-24-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-13-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-20-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-05-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

06-23-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-16-04 <20 <20 130 130 730 E10 50

06-12-06 – – – – – E21 61

06-19-07 – – – – – E9.0 E38

06-17-08 – – – – – E47 110

06-15-09 – – – – – E19 E95

06-14-10 – – – – – E43 100

06-20-11 – – – – – 10 50

06-04-12 – – – – – 13 79

07-12-13 – – – – – 11 52

06-24-14 – – – – – 18 56

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – – .26

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <50 E12 630 E13 110 6.0 E1.1

06-12-06 – – – – – 5.0 <5.0

06-19-07 – – – – – E4.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – 7.0 E.70

06-15-09 – – – – – E10 <25

06-14-10 – – – – – 12 E1.7

06-20-11 – – – – – 9.4 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – 7.6 <.4

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

06-24-14 – – – – – 5 <5.0
Table 3 31

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

06-24-14 – – – – – –

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-05-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

06-23-14 – – – – – –

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-16-04

06-12-06

<20

–

E11

–

<40

–

<20

–

ND

–

1,000

–

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-12-13 – – – – – –

06-24-14 – – – – – –

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 760

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

06-24-14 – – – – – –
32 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – – <0.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E.68 E.23 E.48 E2.0 <5.0

06-20-07 – – – – – E11 <50

06-18-08 – – – – – E17 E13

06-15-09 – – – – – E21 <250

06-14-10 – – – – – E34 <100

06-20-11 – – – – – 8.9 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – 16 E13

07-12-13 – – – – – 9.4 10

06-24-14 – – – – – 14 23

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – – <0.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E0.27 <1.0 E0.23 E10 <100

06-12-06 – – – – – <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 – – – – – <120 <120

06-15-09 – – – – – <250 <250

06-14-10 – – – – – <250 <250

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 .2 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – <1.1 <.8

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

06-24-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 11 6.1 <1.0 <4.0 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <0.20 .20 .10 <.20 – –

06-18-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.30 <1.0 <1.0 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 E29 E8.6

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.16 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.18 <1.0 <2.0 <250 <250

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 <2.0 <500 <500

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <500 <500

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <1.1 <.8

07-09-13 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <.6 <.4

06-24-14 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 35 450 20 120 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <.20 53 4.3 72 – –

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 15 2.4 41 E33 E27

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 11 1.3 35 E44 E30

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 4.6 1.2 16 E35 E21

06-19-07 <1.0 <1.0 1.8 1.0 15 E42 E27

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.17 E.31 E.67 E64 E20

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.73 E.71 5.8 E60 <500

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 <.1 .2 <.2 E67 <250

06-20-11 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.4 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 .2 .2 <2.0 26 <.8

07-09-13 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <.6 <.4

06-24-14 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 11 <5.0
Table 3 33

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 E3.1 E1.4

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-12-13 – – – – – –

06-24-14 – – – – – –

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E1.7 <1.0 E.27 E2.2

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 <0.1 <0.1 – <.1 0.3 .2

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

06-24-14 – – – – – –

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 M <4.0 <2.0 18 17

06-11-02 <.20 0.50 <.20 <.20 6.8 .80

06-18-03 <1.0 M <2.0 <1.0 4.0 E.30

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 4.4 ND

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 3.5 E.35

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.1 ND

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.9 E.18

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.5 E.19

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.3 ND

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.2 ND

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

07-09-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.3 ND

06-24-14 <.1 <.1 <.1 1.7 ND

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 <16 4.0 <16 ND 630

06-11-02 <.20 .60 9.9 .20 3.3 140

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <1.0 E.38 6.9 <1.0 2.4 66

06-22-05 <1.0 E.31 2.6 <1.0 2.3 50

06-12-06 <1.0 E.32 4.4 <1.0 2.2 26

06-19-07 <1.0 E.42 5.6 <1.0 2.2 24

06-17-08 <1.0 E.24 9.1 <1.0 3.9 10

06-15-09 <1.0 E.26 6.4 <1.0 2.3 14

06-14-10 <.1 .2 – <.1 3.5 .4

06-20-11 <.2 <.2 – <.2 1.9 ND

06-04-12 <.1 E.1 – <.1 2.0 .5

07-09-13 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 1.3 ND

06-24-14 <.1 <.1 – <.1 3 ND
34 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-4 06-09-99

06-13-01

06-11-02

06-18-03

06-17-04

06-21-05

06-12-06

06-19-07

06-16-08

06-15-09

06-14-10

06-20-11

<130

<20

<.20

<100

<130

<67

<50

<40

<50

<40

<2.0

<10

160

<20

1.2

<100

<130

<67

<50

<40

<50

<40

<2.0

<10

4,800

4,900

3,600

3,200

2,300

2,100

1,600

1,500

1,600

1,300

1,200

895

56

46

41

E42

E29

E30

E24

E24

E24

E34

16.9

29

540

652

640

440

370

360

280

280

750

350

314

192

–

–

–

–

E7.0

E7.0

E6.0

E11

E14

E21

E32

10

–

–

–

–

E29

E20

E19

E29

E29

E50

50

16

06-04-12

07-09-13

<10

<10

<10

<10

1,000

630

15.5

14

249

146

12

8

32

11

06-24-14 <1.0 <1.1 686 11 294 23 28

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 440 400 4.0 11 – –

06-10-02 <0.20 <0.20 0.30 0.80 0.40 – –

06-18-03 <25 <25 E7.8 <25 <25 – –

06-17-04 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 23 <10

06-21-05 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E23 <100

06-12-06 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E16 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – E19 <100

06-16-08 <50 <50 <50 <50 <100 E45 <100

06-15-09 <20 <20 <20 <20 <40 E25 <250

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 E56 <250

06-20-11 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 .2 .5 <.2 11 <.8

07-09-13 <.1 <.1 .1 .4 <.2 < 1.1 <.8

06-24-14 <.1 <.1 .1 .4 <.2 9 <5.0

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – – 12

06-18-04

06-13-06

<1,000

–

32,000

–

15,000

–

<1,000

–

1,600

–

E32

E39

200

200

06-20-07 – – – – – 6.0 32

06-18-08 – – – – – 30 120

06-16-09 – – – – – 5.0 28

06-15-10 – – – – – 87 260

06-21-11 – – – – – 58 180

06-05-12 – – – – – 23 120

07-10-13 – – – – – 18 96

06-23-14 – – – – – <5.0 47
Table 3 35

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-4 06-09-99

06-13-01

06-11-02

06-18-03

06-17-04

06-21-05

06-12-06

06-19-07

06-16-08

06-15-09

06-14-10

06-20-11

06-04-12

07-09-13

<130

<20

<.20

<100

<130

<67

<50

<40

<50

<40

<2.0

<10

<10

<10

<130

<20

<10

<100

<130

<67

<50

<40

<50

<40

<2.0

<10

<10

<10

<270

<20

.80

<200

<270

<130

<100

<80

<100

<80

–

–

–

–

<130

<20

9.9

<100

<130

<67

<50

<40

<50

<40

<2.0

<10

<10

<10

ND

ND

1.1

ND

ND

ND

ND

66

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

5,550

5,600

4,290

3,680

2,700

2,490

1,900

1,800

2,370

1,680

1,530

1,120

1,260

790

06-24-14 <1.0 <1.0 1.3 ND 992

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 <13 15 <13 47 870

06-10-02 <0.20 .30 21 <0.20 18 23

06-18-03 <25 <25 E19 <25 ND E27

06-17-04 <10 <10 23 <10 E4.5 23

06-21-05 <10 <10 21 <10 8.2 21

06-12-06 <10 <10 E14 <10 E4.2 E14

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND ND

06-15-09 <20 <20 E19 <20 ND E19

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 2.2 ND

06-20-11 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 ND ND

06-04-12 <.1 .1 – <.1 7.0 0.8

07-09-13 <.1 .1 – <.1 15 0.5

06-24-14 <.1 .2 <.1 11.7 0.7

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04

06-13-06

<1,000

–

<1,000

–

<2,000

–

<1,000

–

ND

–

48,600

–

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

06-05-12 – – – – – –

07-10-13 – – – – – –

06-23-14 – – – – – –
36 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-18-04 <1.0 E.26 E.29 <1.0 E.74 E7.0 <50

06-13-06 – – – – – E9.0 E30

06-20-07 – – – – – E3.0 <25

06-18-08 – – – – – E6.0 E7.2

06-15-09 – – – – – E6.0 <50

06-15-10 – – – – – E12 E16

06-21-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-05-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-10-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

06-23-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – – 70

06-22-04 <10 <10 E2.3 E4.2 E2.2 E38 E33

06-13-06 – – – – – E23 E6.8

06-20-07 – – – – – E24 E18

06-18-08 – – – – – E19 E6.3

06-16-09 – – – – – E53 <250

06-15-10 – – – – – E37 E5

06-21-11 – – – – – 8.6 <5.0

06-06-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-10-13 – – – – – 5.3 12

06-23-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 74 16,000 170 5,400 – –

06-14-01

06-13-02

<20

<20

370

<20

16,000

3,700

220

170

9,900

5,100

–

–

–

–

06-20-03

06-18-04

<50

<20

470

<20

1,100

220

E39

E11

1,300

570

–

7.0

–

210

06-22-05 <130 <130 4,200 E90 2,900 E30 590

06-13-06

06-20-07

<100

<8.0

<100

<8.0

300

84

E77

E5.4

770

140

82

7.0

1,300

180

06-18-08

06-16-09

<200

<100

<200

180

8,800

3,900

E130

E93

9,700

2,600

57

E40

720

450

06-15-10

06-21-11

<10.0

<10

23.2

<10

8,600

2,020

78.2

32

2,860

1,470

53

14

560

180

06-06-12 <10 <10 78.5 <10.0 151 E1.0 48

07-10-13 <10 <10 1,540 18.1 1,060 E4.3 72

06-23-14 <10.0 <10 3,420 60.7 3,800 58 650
Table 3 37

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E0.36 3.0 <1.0 E0.92 E4.6

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

06-05-12 – – – – – –

07-10-13 – – – – – –

06-23-14 – – – – – –

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-22-04 <10 590 290 <10 367 890

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-10-13 – – – – – –

06-23-14 – – – – – –

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 1,500 300 <400 E87 23,400

06-14-01 <20 4,800 600 12 88 31,800

06-13-02 <20 4,300 1,400 <20 63 14,600

06-20-03 <50 380 270 <50 ND 3,550

06-18-04 <20 200 88 <20 ND 1,090

06-22-05 <130 370 400 <130 ND 7,960

06-13-06 <100 1,200 2,600 <100 E68 4,940

06-20-07 <8.0 69 78 <8.0 E1.4 380

06-18-08 <200 400 1,200 <200 E46 20,200

06-16-09 <100 130 310 <100 ND 7,210

06-15-10 <10.0 211 – <10 ND 11,700

06-21-11 <10 74 – <10 ND 3,600

06-06-12 <10 4.2 – <10 ND 230

07-10-13 <10 35.1 – <10 ND 2,650

06-23-14 <10 172 – <10 ND 7,450
38 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 26,000 35,000 210 3,100 – –

06-22-00 3.6 27,000 44,000 220 3,800 – 68

06-14-01

06-14-02

<20

<20

26,000

37,000

37,000

62,000

190

400

4,000

5,700

–

–

–

–

06-20-03

06-18-04

<2,000

<3,300

28,000

37,000

35,000

61,000

<2,000

<3,300

2,800

5,100

–

E36

–

520

06-22-05

06-13-06

<2,000

<2,000

28,000

24,000

59,000

43,000

E330

<2,000

5,000

3,800

E45

E44

480

400

06-20-07 <2,000 33,000 44,000 E320 4,000 E47 460

06-18-08

06-16-09

<2,000

<2,000

38,000

40,000

65,000

92,000

E370

3,900

14,000

10,000

88

140

850

1,100

06-15-10

06-21-11

<50.0

<100

10,900

7,580

27,700

18,500

184

305

3,480

1,640

140

63

550

200

06-05-12

07-10-13

<100

<100

9,230

23,900

19,000

53,500

129

259

2,380

4,360

60

41

330

450

06-23-14 <100 33,800 55,700 305 6,850 100 490

P1-8 06-07-99 <710 190 25,000 210 3,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 810 8,600 62 4,200 – –

06-13-02

06-20-03

<20

<10

<20

230

24,000

31

190

<10

7,700

E7.0

–

–

–

–

06-18-04 <1.0 E.26 2.7 <1.0 23 <50 E4.2

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 7.0 <1.0 21 <50 <50

06-13-06 <20 <20 620 E4.0 58 <50 E9.5

06-20-07 <4.0 E2.4 29 <4.0 41 <100 E13

06-18-08 <10 <10 160 <10 280 E6.0 E16

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 97 <5.0 120 <250 <250

06-15-10 <1.0 <1.0 188 <1.0 147 E16 <250

06-21-11

06-06-12

<10

<10

<10

<10

9,090

39

71

<10

774

120

E3.0

E4.6

7.1

16

07-10-13 <10 <10 20.9 <10 99.7 <.6 <.4

06-23-14 <1.0 <1.0 18.7 <1.0 88 <5.0 48

P1-9 06-08-99

06-22-00

<2,000

E5.0

48,000

88,000

88,000

64,000

470

320

7,200

5,800

–

–

–

37

06-14-01

06-13-02

<40

<20

29,000

90,000

7,300

79,000

32

590

450

7,900

–

–

–

–

06-20-03 <1,000 60,000 27,000 <1,000 1,800 – –

06-18-04

06-23-05

<1,300

<20

50,000

230

23,000

700

<1,300

E3.2

2,100

97

16

<5.0

200

E4.0

06-13-06

06-20-07

<5,000

<1,000

74,000

55,000

140,000

40,000

E850

E200

10,000

4,200

66

32

1,200

340

06-18-08

06-16-09

<400

<2,500

9700

62,000

13,000

100,000

E80

E1,100

2,000

8,700

12

100

160

1,300

06-14-10

06-21-11

<10.0

<200

1,720

10,200

7,090

30,900

28.8

262

660

2,590

5.7

10

88

190

06-05-12 <200 193 495 <10 107 E1.8 31

07-10-13 95.3 397 4.2 54.4 <.6 6.9 <1.0

06-23-14 <1.0 906 1,740 17.8 356 <5.0 8.2
Table 3 39

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 <670 <1,300 <670 ND 64,300

06-22-00

06-14-01

0.24

<20

17

<20

8.4

<20

72

44

–

ND

75,100

67,200

06-14-02 <20 14 <20 64 ND 105,100

06-20-03

06-18-04

<2,000

<3,300

<2,000

<3,300

<4,000

<6,700

<2,000

<3,300

ND

ND

65,800

103,100

06-22-05

06-13-06

<2,000

<2,000

<2,000

<2,000

<4,000

<4,000

<2,000

<2,000

ND

ND

92,800

70,800

06-20-07

06-18-08

<2,000

<2,000

<2,000

<2,000

<4,000

<4,000

<2,000

<2,000

ND

ND

81,300

117,300

06-16-09

06-15-10

<2,000

<50.0

<2,000

<50.0

<4,000

–

<2,000

<50.0

ND

ND

145,900

42,200

06-21-11 <100 <100 – <100 ND 28,000

06-05-12

07-10-13

<100

<100

<100

<100

–

–

<100

<100

ND

ND

30,700

82,000

06-23-14 <100 <100 <100 ND 96,600

P1-8 06-07-99 <710 <710 <1,400 <710 ND 28,800

06-14-01

06-13-02

<20

<20

<20

<20

<20

<20

<20

16

ND

ND

13,700

31,900

06-20-03 <10 E4 <20 <10 ND 270

06-18-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 26

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 28

06-13-06 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 680

06-20-07 <4.0 <4.0 <8.0 <4.0 ND 72

06-18-08 <10 <10 <20 <10 ND 440

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 <10 <5.0 ND 220

06-15-10 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 330

06-21-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 9,930

06-06-12 <10 <10 – <10 ND 160

07-10-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 120

06-23-14 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 107

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 143,600

06-22-00

06-14-01

<10

<40

E2.6

<40

<20

<40

47

<40

–

ND

158,100

36,700

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 54 11 177,500

06-20-03

06-18-04

<1,000

<1,300

<1,000

<1,300

<2,000

<2,700

<1,000

<1,300

ND

ND

88,800

75,100

06-23-05

06-13-06

<20

<5,000

<20

<5,000

<40

<10,000

<20

<5,000

ND

ND

1,030

224,800

06-20-07

06-18-08

<1,000

<400

<1,000

<400

<2,000

<800

<1,000

<400

ND

ND

99,400

24,700

06-16-09 <2,500 <2,500 <5,000 <2,500 ND 171,800

06-14-10

06-21-11

<10

<200

<10

<200

–

–

<10

<200

ND

ND

9,500

43,900

06-05-12 <200 <200 – <200 ND 790

07-10-13 <1.0 < 1.0 – <10 ND 550

06-23-14 <1.0 <1.0 – 1.7 ND 3,030
40 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 14,000 34,000 270 2,500 – –

06-22-00 1.0 8,700 13,000 100 2,300 – 2.3

06-13-01 <20 6,600 12,000 68 1,800 – –

06-12-02 <20 4,600 7,000 55 2,000 – –

06-19-03 <400 2,300 9,400 <400 1,100 – –

06-18-04 <200 1,600 3,900 <200 890 E12 E46

06-23-05 <100 1,100 3,000 E29 700 E3.0 7.0

06-13-06 <1,000 2,200 27,000 E160 2,500 E19 E53

06-20-07 <500 1,500 14,000 E130 1,700 E24 E34

06-18-08 <200 490 5,800 E60 1,100 E20 E23

06-15-09 <20 250 1,000 34 140 E11 E18

06-14-10 <10.0 4,130 940 16.2 43.2 E16 E20

06-21-11 <10 423 936 12.7 182 5.6 20

06-05-12 <10 93 4,390 20 996 15 97

07-10-13 <10 84.2 1,660 20 787 16 55

06-23-14 <10.0 287 1,040 17.7 1,150 27 100

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – – 5.8

06-14-02 <20 276 1,830 31 278 – –

06-19-03 <67 E14 1,800 E34 210 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E5.0 E15

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,700 E30 220 E6.0 E13

06-14-06 – – – – – E7.0 E14

06-18-07 – – – – – E4.0 E8.1

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,700 E28 510 E9.0 E15

06-17-09 <40 E7.3 1,600 49 240 E11 E19

06-15-10 – – – – – E17 E26

06-22-11 <10 <10 1,140 26 150 E3.3 7.7

06-06-12 – – – – – E4.7 16

07-11-13 <10 <10 1,090 27.1 227 5 8.5

06-25-14 – – – – – <5.0 28

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – – 2.6

06-14-02 <20 69 1,600 72 700 – –

06-19-03 <50 <50 1,200 68 470 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E4.0 26

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,500 84 650 E4.0 E22

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 E18

06-18-07 – – – – – E3.0 E15

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,400 64 930 E6.0 28

06-17-09 <40 <40 1,400 84 730 E6.0 E35

06-15-10 – – – – – E10 E41

06-22-11 <10 <10 1,400 77 590 E1.4 19

06-06-12 – – – – – E3.9 E31

07-11-13 <10 <10 1,400 78.9 670 E3.6 25

06-25-14 – – – – – <5.0 20
Table 3 41

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 50,700

06-22-00 <0.10 1.2 E.10 16 – 24,100

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 11 ND 20,400

06-12-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 13,600

06-19-03 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 12,800

06-18-04 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 6,390

06-23-05 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 4,820

06-13-06 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 31,800

06-20-07 <500 <500 <1,000 <500 ND 17,300

06-18-08 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 7,450

06-15-09 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,420

06-14-10 <10.0 <10 – <10 ND 5,120

06-21-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,550

06-05-12 <10 <10 – <10 ND 5,500

07-10-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,550

06-23-14 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,490

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,410

06-19-03 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,050

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 1,950

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,200

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,890

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,310

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,340

06-25-14 – – – – – –

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,440

06-19-03 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,730

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,230

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,390

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 2,210

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,060

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,140

06-25-14 – – – – – –
42 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.57

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-16-04

06-24-05

–

<1.0

–

<1.0

–

<1.0

–

<1.0

–

<1.0

<5.0

<5.0

<5.0

<5.0

06-14-06

06-21-07

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

<5.0

<5.0

<5.0

<5.0

06-17-08

06-17-09

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

E.26

<25

<5.0

<25

06-15-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

06-06-12

07-11-13

–

<.1

–

<.1

–

<.1

–

<.1

–

<.2

<.6

<.6

<.4

<.4

06-25-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 .30 <.50 1.0 – –

06-20-00

06-12-01

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

.26

–

06-12-02

06-19-03

–

<1.0

–

<1.0

–

E.60

–

<1.0

–

1.0

–

–

–

–

06-16-04

06-14-06

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

<5.0

<50

<5.0

<50

06-21-07

06-17-08

–

<1.0

–

<1.0

–

E.53

–

<1.0

–

3.0

<25

<20

<25

<20

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.42 <1.0 2.1 <50 <50

06-15-10

06-22-11

–

<.1

–

<.1

–

.6

–

<.1

–

1.8

<50

<5.0

<50

<5.0

06-06-12

07-11-13

–

<.1

–

<.1

–

.7

–

<.1

–

2.4

<.6

<.6

<.4

<.4

06-25-14 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)

S-1 T 10-19-12

07-18-13

<0.1

<.1

3.6

<.1

7.9

1.1

0.3

.1

0.2

1.4

–

–

–

–

S1 07-07-00 <.1 1.4 8.2 .69 1.5 – –

06-29-05

06-18-10

<1.0

<.1

3.5

.7

26

5.3

E.83

.8

20

13

E2.0

–

E2.9

–

S-2 T 10-19-12

07-18-13

<.1

<.1

1.4

.2

6.4

1.3

.2

<.1

1.0

2.2

–

–

–

–

09-04-14 <.1 .1 1.1 <.1 2.1 – –

S-2 07-07-00

06-29-05

<.1

<2.5

.6

6.4

11

92

1.3

E.69

2.8

17

–

E0.69

–

E1.4

06-18-10

10-19-12

<1.0

<.1

41.7

5.5

549

13

21.8

1.2

91

.9

–

–

–

–
Table 3 43

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCA CA 1,1-DCE Total BTEX Total CVOCs 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND ND

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-17-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

06-25-14 – – – – – –

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND ND

06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-01 – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 1.6

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 3.5

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 2.5

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 2.4

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 3.1

06-25-14 – – – – – –

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)

S-1 T 10-19-12 <0.1 0.7 – <0.1 ND 13

07-18-13 <.1 1 – < .1 0.1 3.6

S1 07-07-00 <.1 4.6 24 <.10 2.6 40

06-29-05 <1.0 3.6 3.7 <1.0 E.30 57

06-18-10 <.1 1.4 – <.1 .5 21

S-2 T 10-19-12 <.1 .8 – <.1 ND 9.8

07-18-13 < .1 .6 – <.1 ND 4.3

09-04-14 <.1 .6 – <.1 0.1 3.9
44 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)—Continued

S-2B T 10-19-12 <0.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .3 2 2.7 216 – –

09-04-14 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.9 16 – –

S-2B 06-29-05 <1.0 4.9 34 1.1 11 E2.0 E2.4

06-18-10 <.1 1.9 26 2.2 15 – –

S-3 T 10-19-12 <.1 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.4 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .1 .3 .3 .9 – –

09-04-14 <.1 <.1 .2 .1 .4 – –

S-3 07-07-00 <.1 .63 9.9 9.5 223 – –

06-29-05 <4.0 <4.0 E2.6 4.0 E2.2 E4 88

06-18-10 <1.0 <1.0 13 6.7 181 – –

07-18-13 **Ruptured

S-3B T 10-19-12 <.1 1.0 4.5 .2 .4 – –

07-18-13 <.1 <.1 1.2 <.1 .8 – –

09-04-14 <.1 <.1 1.1 <.1 <.2 – –

S-3B 06-29-05 <2.0 4.6 100 E.88 39 5.0 7.3

06-18-10 <.1 3.2 28 1.6 14 – –

S-4 T 10-19-12 <10 141 20,900 90 3,200 – –

07-18-13 < 10 < 10 3,120 21.6 108 – –

09-04-14 <100 <100 46,000 302 13,200 – –

S-4 07-07-00 <.1 45 19,100 136 5,610 – –

07-15-04 <1,000 <1,000 23,000 <1,000 17,000 22 1,100

06-29-05 <2,000 12,000 53,000 <2,000 5,300 16 180

06-18-10 <.1 .1 3.9 .4 5.8 – –

10-19-12 <10 23,200 73,200 492 5,130 – –

S-4B T 10-19-12 <1.0 2.0 297 <1.0 80 – –

07-18-13 <1.0 40.5 422 3.3 122 – –

09-04-14 <1.0 <1.0 416 1.5 191 – –

S-4B 06-29-05 <4.0 120 140 E1.2 13 <5.0 <5.0

06-18-10 <.1 .2 1 <.1 <.2 – –

S-5 T 10-19-12 <1.0 111 1,210 4.4 52 – –

07-18-13 **Leaky bag no sample

09-04-14 <1.0 6.5 1,350 4.7 43.7 – –
Table 3 45

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(μg/L)

CA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE 

(μg/L)

Total BTEX 

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs 

(μg/L)

S-2 07-07-00

06-29-05

06-18-10

10-19-12

<0.1 6.1 10

<2.5 2.5 E2.6

<1.0 2.1 –

<.1 1.1 –

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)—Continued

<.10

<2.5

<1.0

<.1

2.6

E.53

ND

0.5

31

121

705

22

S-2B T

S-2B

S-3 T

S-3

S-3B T

S-3B

S-4 T

S-4

S-4B T

S-4B

S-5 T

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

06-29-05

06-18-10

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

07-07-00

06-29-05

06-18-10

07-18-13

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

06-29-05

06-18-10

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

07-07-00

07-15-04

06-29-05

06-18-10

10-19-12

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

06-29-05

06-18-10

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

<.1

<.1

<1.0

<1.0

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.10

<1.0

<1.0

<.1

<.1

<.1

<2.0

<.1

<10

<10

<100

<.1

<1,000

<2,000

<.1

<10

<1.0

<1.0

<1.0

<4.0

<.1

<1.0

<1.0

1.0

12.8

10.3

3.4

2.8

0.2

.2

.1

454

100

64

.3

.1

.1

2.1

.3

10

<10

<100

42

<1,000

<2,000

<.1

11

<1.0

< 1.0

<1.0

<4.0

<.1

<1.0

<1.0

– <.1

– <.1

<1.0

6.1 <1.0

– <.1

– <0.1

– <.1

<.1

36 <.10

40 <4.0

– <1.0

**Ruptured

– <.1

– <.1

– <.1

7.7 <2.0

– <.1

– 14

– <10

– <100

20 76

<2,000 <1,000

<4,000 <2,000

– <.1

– 64

– <1.0

– <1.0

<1.0

<8.0 <4.0

– <.1

– <1.0

**Leaky bag no sample

– 1.3

0.8

1.6

ND

E0.94

.3

0.2

0.4

.8

4.5

E.9

ND

0.3

1.1

1.1

E1.3

.4

ND

ND

ND

2.9

ND

ND

ND

12

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

3.1

233

28.2

60

47

2.4

1.8

.8

733

148

264

6.4

2.1

1.2

154

47

24,350

3,250

59,500

25,000

40,000

70,300

10

102,100

370

587

608

274

1.2

1,370

1,400
46 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or Date PCE TCE cis-DCE trans-DCE VC Ethane Ethene 

piezometer No. sampled (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)—Continued

S-5 07-07-00 <0.1 49 80 1.3 17.5 – –

07-15-04 <50 E16 730 <50 97 E.87 12

06-29-05 <20 730 940 E7.8 60 <5.0 <5.0

06-18-10 <.1 .4 1.2 <.1 .3 – –

07-18-13 < .1 2.7 19.5 .1 23.7 – –

S-5B T 10-19-12 <1.0 1.9 434 3.0 418 – –

07-18-13 <1.0 < 1.0 131 2 954 – –

09-04-14 <.1 <.1 0.4 <.1 1.5 – –

S-5B 06-29-05

06-18-10

07-18-13

<400

<1.0

<.1

1,200

4,550

<10

12,000

3,020

11.6

E100

146

<.1

E330

576

1.1

<5.0

–

–

E2.4

–

–

S-6 T 10-19-12 <.1 5.0 9.8 <.1 .8 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .9 4.9 <.1 2.1 – –

09-04-14 <.1 .6 3.1 .1 1.9 – –

S-6 07-07-00 <.1 .2 8.0 .2 1.1 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 10 4.6 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 3.0 E.24 2.5 E9.0 E12

06-18-10 <.1 1.0 1.3 <.1 <.2 – –
Table 3 47

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2014.—Continued 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013, 2014). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well 

or piezomenter No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler (“T” denotes samplers deployed in an access tube). Total CVOCs: 

Sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three 

significant figures; >100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; 

cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, 

chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence 

verified but not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; >, greater than; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(μg/L)

CA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE 

(μg/L)

Total BTEX 

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs 

(μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)—Continued

S-5

S-5B T

S-5B

S-6 T

S-6

07-07-00

07-15-04

06-29-05

06-18-10

07-18-13

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

06-29-05

06-18-10

07-18-13

10-19-12

07-18-13

09-04-14

07-07-00

07-15-04

06-29-05

06-18-10

<0.1

<50

<20

<.1

<.1

<1.0

< 1.0

<.1

<400

<1.0

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<1.0

<1.0

<.1

<0.1

<50

<20

<.1

<.1

<1.0

< 1.0

<.1

<400

<1.0

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<1.0

<1.0

<.1

–

<100

<40

–

–

–

–

–

<800

–

–

–

–

–

–

<2.0

<2.0

–

0.2

<50

<20

<.1

.2

<1.0

< 1.0

<.1

<400

5.4

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<.1

<1.0

<1.0

<.1

0.1

ND

ND

ND

1.3

ND

ND

.3

ND

ND

.7

ND

ND

ND

.6

ND

ND

ND

148

843

1,730

1.9

46

850

1,080

1.9

13,600

8,290

12

15

7.9

5.7

9.5

14

5.7

2.3
48 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Quality Control of U.S. Geological Survey

2014 Geochemical Sampling

Quality assurance and quality control of geochemical 

sampling included collecting duplicate and field blank 

samples for selected redox-sensitive analytes and volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs). The field blank was collected by 

pumping inorganic blank water and VOC-free water through 

clean tubing to determine possible sampling contamination. 

Complete laboratory quality assurance and quality control data 

from RTI Laboratories are on file with the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) Washington Water Science Center in 

Tacoma, Washington. 

A duplicate sample was collected and analyzed by the 

National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) for organic 

carbon, manganese, nitrate plus nitrite, sulfate, and chloride 

for piezometers P1-8 and MW1-28. The relative percent 

difference of duplicate results for these constituents for the 

sample collected at P1-8 agreed within 20 percent or less. The 

relative percent difference for the same constituents collected 

from piezometer MW1-28 agreed within 0.9 percent. Duplicate 

samples were collected and analyzed for VOCs by the NWQL 

at piezometers P1-8 and P1-9 and dissolved gases (ethane and 

ethene) by RTI Laboratories at piezometers P1-8 and MW1-28. 

The relative percent difference between these replicate 

samples ranged from between 0.0 to as much as 169 percent. 

Historically, constituent concentrations in samples collected 

from piezometers P1-8 and P1-9 have been highly variable and 

the duplicate samples likely do not reflect poor precision and or 

accuracy from field sampling or laboratory techniques. 

Chloroethenes, chloroethanes, and BTEX (benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) compounds were not 

detected in the field blank sample collected at piezometer 

MW1-28. No changes were made to the data set based on these 

quality-control data.
Appendix A 49

Table A1. Quality-assurance and quality-control data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014.

[Well or piezometer No.: D, duplicate sample; FB, field blank sample. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, 

trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1,-trichloroethane; 

1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbezene, and xylene; CVOCs, sum of all chloroethenes and 

chloroethane concentrations shown in table. Abbreviations: RPD, relative percent difference; mg/L, microgram per liter; mg/L, milligram per liter; 

ND, not detected. Symbols: <, actual value is less than the value shown; *, concentration is in micrograms per liter; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

transDCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(μg/L)

CA

(RPD)

1,1-DCE 

(μg/L)

P1-8 06-23-14 <1.0 <1.0 18.7 <1.0 88 <5 48 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0

P1-8 D 06-23-14 <1.0 <1.0 219 1.2 144 <5 54 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0

RPD 0.0 0.0 169 18 48 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

P1-9 06-23-14 <1.0 906 1,740 17.8 356 <5 8.2 <1.0 <1.0 – 1.7

P1-9 D 06-23-14 <1.0 2,880 5,140 31.5 625 – – <1.0 <1.0 – 2.8

RPD 0.0 104 99 56 55 – – 0.0 0.0 – 49

MW1-28 06-25-14 – – – – – <5 20 – – – <40

MW1-28 D 06-25-14 – – – – – <5 22 – – – <40

RPD – – – – – 0.0 10 – – – 0.0

MW1-17 FB 06-24-14 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 – – <0.1 <0.1 – <0.1

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

Total Filtered 

(dissolved)

organic carbon

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

BTEX

(μg/L)

CVOCs

(μg/L)

P1-8 06-23-14 ND 107 4.1 <0.04 0.15 0.02 13 5.7

P1-8 D 06-23-14 ND 364 4.3 <0.04 0.16 0.03 12 7.1

RPD 55 2.0 0.0 3.0 20 4.0 10

P1-9 06-23-14 ND 3,030 – – – – – –

P1-9 D 06-23-14 ND 8,670 – – – – – –

RPD 48 – – – – – –

MW1-28 06-25-14 – – 7.5 <0.04 0.13 25 1.4 365

MW1-28 D 06-25-14 – – 7.3 <0.04 0.13 25 1.4 372

RPD – 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

MW1-17 FB 06-24-14 ND ND <0.23 <0.04 <0.20* <0.02 – <0.02
50 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014
Publishing support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey

Science Publishing Network, Tacoma Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the

 Director, Washington Water Science Center

U.S. Geological Survey

934 Broadway, Suite 300

Tacoma, Washington 98402 

http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Huffman—Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2014—Data Series 920

ISSN 2327-638X (online)

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds920