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Improvements Needed by 

EPA OIG to Reduce Risk in 

Employee Hiring Process

Report No. 15-B-0076 February 5, 2015

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

Spending Taxpayer Dollars
Report Contributors: Jean Bloom

Kevin Collins

Abbreviations

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

OIG Office of Inspector General

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 15-B-0076

February 5, 2015

Why We Did This Review

On August 27, 2013, 

Congress requested that the 

U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) Office of 

Inspector General (OIG) initiate 

work in connection with a fraud 

committed by John C. Beale, a 

former Senior Policy Advisor 

with the EPA’s Office of Air and 

Radiation. In particular, 

Congress requested the OIG to 

determine EPA policies and 

processes that “facilitated” 

Beale’s fraud.

We initiated an audit on EPA’s 

employee vetting process. As 

part of the assignment, we also

conducted an audit on the 

OIG’s own employee vetting 

process.

This report addresses the 

following OIG goal:

 To be responsible stewards 

of taxpayer dollars.

Send all inquiries to our public

affairs office at (202) 566-2391

or visit www.epa.gov/oig.

The full report is at:

www.epa.gov/oig/reports/2015/ 

20150205-15-B-0076.pdf

Improvements Needed by EPA OIG to 

Reduce Risk in Employee Hiring Process

 What We Found

The EPA OIG does not have a requirement to verify 

information in a job application, including job 

employment history or references. Once an 

applicant meets the minimum requirements and is 

considered eligible for the position, the office relies 

extensively on the applicant self-certifying the 

information they submitted on their resume and application. Without verification 

of prior employment or references for eligible job candidates, the potential exists 

that the OIG will not hire the best possible candidate, or hire a job applicant 

based on misleading information.

U.S. Office of Personnel Management and EPA policies and procedures do not 

have a requirement to verify prior employment or references for eligible job 

candidates. According to OIG guidance, the selecting official is responsible for 

ensuring that references are checked prior to making final selections and for 

maintaining all documentation used for selection. However, there is no assurance 

that the verifications are performed and documentation is consistently 

maintained. Like the guidance for the Office of Personnel Management and EPA, 

the OIG guidance does not require the verification of prior employment history.

 Recommendations and Planned Corrective Actions

We recommend the Deputy Inspector General require selecting officials to verify 

prior employment and references prior to making final selection and retain 

documentation as outlined in OIG guidance and procedures. In addition, the 

Deputy Inspector General should establish OIG policies to enhance internal 

controls for employee vetting.

The Deputy Inspector General agreed with the recommendations and provided 

corrective actions with planned completion dates to address all 

recommendations.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Inspector General

At a Glance

Without verification of 

prior employment or 

references the EPA 

OIG may not hire the 

best job candidates.
February 5, 2015

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Improvements Needed by EPA OIG to Reduce Risk in Employee Hiring Process

Report No. 15-B-0076

FROM: Kevin Christensen, Assistant Inspector General

Office of Audit

TO: Charles Sheehan, Deputy Inspector General

As part of our continuing work on internal controls, we initiated an audit of the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency’s employee vetting process. As part of this assignment, we conducted an audit of the 

Office of Inspector General’s (OIG’s) own employee vetting process. Our audit identified areas where 

improvements should be made by the OIG to reduce risk in the employee hiring process. We are 

reporting the issues to you separately.

Action Required

During the exit conference, you provided corrective actions that addressed all the recommendations and 

established planned completion dates. The OIG must demonstrate that the proposed actions are resolved 

before the report can be closed.

We will post this report on our website at http://www.epa.gov/oig.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF

INSPECTOR GENERAL
Improvements Needed by EPA OIG to 

Reduce Risk in Employee Hiring Process 15-B-0076

Table of Contents

Purpose...................................................................................................................... 1

Background ............................................................................................................... 1

Memorandum of Agreement and Statement of Work Between

 EPA OIG and U.S. Office of Personnel Management ............................... 1

Memorandum of Understanding Between EPA OIG and

 Office of Administration and Resources Management .............................. 2

EPA Human Resources Bulletin 08-007B........................................................... 2

EPA OIG Guidance and Procedures for Hiring Process...................................... 4

Scope and Methodology........................................................................................... 4

Results of Review ..................................................................................................... 5

Recommendations .................................................................................................... 6

Exit Conference and Planned Corrective Actions................................................... 6

Status of Recommendations and Potential Monetary Benefits ............................. 8

Appendix

A EPA OIG Distribution........................................................................................ 9
15-B-0076 1

Purpose

As part of our continuing work on internal controls in response to a request from 

Congress, we conducted an audit on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA) Office of Inspector General’s (OIG’s) employee vetting process. The 

purpose of the audit is to evaluate the OIG’s current vetting process for new 

employee hires to determine whether proper verification of applicant assertions is 

conducted.

Background

On August 27, 2013, Congress requested that the OIG initiate work in connection 

with a fraud committed by John C. Beale, a former Senior Policy Advisor with the 

EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation. In particular, Congress asked the OIG to 

determine EPA policies and processes that “facilitated” Beale’s fraud. We initiated 

an audit on EPA’s vetting process. As part of the assignment, we also conducted an 

audit on the OIG’s employee vetting process. For purposes of our audit, we defined

vetting as the process of verifying an applicant’s assertions made during the hiring 

process. 

As of August 31, 2014, the OIG employed 295 staff, consisting of auditors, 

program analysts, investigators and others with extensive expertise. During 

fiscal year 2013 (October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013), the OIG hired 15 new 

employees. At the time of our review the OIG was in process of filling numerous 

vacancy announcements.

The Human Resources Directorate within the OIG’s Office of Chief of Staff is 

responsible for administering, executing and advising on OIG human resource 

operations in accordance with governing laws, regulations, policies and practices. 

According to the EPA OIG Organization Function, “the directorate serves as the 

principal advisor and conducts the full range of human resources operational 

activities, including position classification and management, recruitment, and 

staffing.” 

Memorandum of Agreement and Statement of Work Between 

EPA OIG and U.S. Office of Personnel Management

The November 2008 Memorandum of Agreement and Statement of Work Between 

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Inspector General and the 

U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Center for Talent Services for Human 

Resources Management Services, outlines the agreement for direct examining 

services. Under the agreement, the Center for Talent Services “will provide a 

variety of staffing and consulting services to assist EPA-OIG in the assessment 

and referral of candidates for multiple occupations, locations, and grade levels.”
15-B-0076 2

Under the Memorandum of Agreement, Section V2, Scope of Work, Candidate 

Assessment and Referral, some of the services provided by the Center for Talent 

Services include:

 Develop assessment questionnaires to be used for candidate screening and 

rating.

 Verify minimum qualification requirements for all candidates referred for 

consideration. Minimum qualifications will be determined by closely 

reviewing the candidates’ supporting documentation (i.e., resumes and/or 

transcripts) and verifying that they possess the minimum level of 

education and/or experience.

 Review documentation and adjudicate veterans’ preference prior to 

assignment of preference points on the final referral list.

 Verify candidates’ claims of eligibility under the Interagency Career 

Transition Assistance Plan.

 Rate applicant responses to the assessment questionnaire.

 Issue competitive, merit promotion, and/or noncompetitive 

certificates/referral lists in accordance with merit system principles and 

delegated examining procedures. 

The agreement does not make any reference to verifying prior employment.

Memorandum of Understanding Between EPA OIG and 

Office of Administration and Resources Management 

The March 2011 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Office of 

Administration and Resources Management and the Inspector General of the 

Environmental Protection Agency outlines the human resources activities and 

responsibilities between the OIG and EPA’s Office of Human Resources. Under 

the Memorandum of Understanding, the “OIG will perform the full range of 

activities related to staffing and recruitment, including but not limited to delegated 

examining and merit promotions activities[,] Senior Executive Service 

recruitment, and special program recruitment.” In addition the “OIG will perform 

full range of activities for H[uman] R[esources] records administration for 

recruitment. The EPA will provide services related to employee on-boarding and 

orientation.” The agreement does not make any reference to verifying prior 

employment.

EPA Human Resources Bulletin 08-007B 

EPA Human Resources Bulletin 08-007B, Quality Assurance in the Hiring 

Process, dated September 29, 2008, highlights the legal and regulatory procedures 

that servicing human resources offices must follow in the hiring process and the 

procedures that managers and supervisors should use to ensure quality.
15-B-0076 3

The bulletin states that, as part of the hiring process, “a variety of pre-and postappointment actions and review are conducted by the servicing human resources

office to help provide confidence and credibility in employee recruitment efforts 

and contributes toward the selection of quality hires.” Pre-appointment “actions

and reviews measure whether the candidates meet legal and regulatory 

requirements for positions and are suitable for employment in the Federal 

Service.” One of the pre-appointment actions is an applicant’s assessment, rating 

and ranking. EPA uses an automated tool—EZhire—to attract, assess, rate and 

rank candidates. The bulletin further states: “EZhire electronically calculates 

applicants’ rates, assigns points for veteran’s preference and ranks applicants 

scores. A quality review is performed by the EPA human resources specialist to 

ensure the validity of the applicant’s response against the assessment instrument 

and the applicants’ resumes.”

Other pre-appointment actions include reference checks/pre-employment 

inquiries. According to the Procedures Section Ia3 of the bulletin: 

Reference checks or pre-employment inquiries can be a valuable 

tool when selecting applicants for employment. They not only can 

be helpful in authenticating information provided in the 

resume/application, but also in obtaining additional information 

about an applicant’s work performance and habits, and other 

information not provided in the resume but relevant to the job 

opening. Servicing HR Offices will advise selecting officials 

about the importance of reference checks in verifying 

applicants’ statements on their resumes or applications and/or 

during the interview for assessing personal effectiveness traits 

that have an impact on an employee’s ability to perform in a 

quality manner. (OIG emphasis added). Supervisors should also 

be advised to obtain references from former employers or school 

officials, rather than solely relying on personal references or other 

references submitted with the application or resume.

Because a current supervisor may have other motives for giving a 

current employee either a glowing recommendation or an 

unsatisfactory one, at least two other references checks should be 

made with other reliable individuals who are knowledgeable of the 

candidate’s skills abilities, and other work-related characteristics.

The bulletin does not require human resources or the selection official to perform 

reference checks or a verification of statements on an applicant’s resume. Instead,

the bulletin requires the servicing human resources office to advise (OIG emphasis 

added) selection officials about the importance of verifying applicants’ statements 

or resumes, and includes a sample reference-check template with questions.
15-B-0076 4

EPA OIG Guidance and Procedures for Hiring Process

We requested the current policies and procedures used by the OIG Human 

Resources Directorate for vetting employees. The OIG Human Resources 

Directorate did not provide us with any policies and procedures. However, our 

search of the OIG human resources services webpage disclosed the OIG Hiring 

Process: Guidance and Procedures document, which provides general guidance 

and procedures to delineate roles and responsibilities, the process for approval, 

and filling of OIG positions. According to the guidance, the selecting official is 

responsible for ensuring that references are checked prior to making final 

selections and for maintaining all documentation on the selection for a minimum 

of 2 years after the selected candidate starts in a new position (Sections 2.5.1 

and 2.5.5). The selecting official may delegate the interviewing of job candidates 

to other OIG employees (Section 2.5.3).

Scope and Methodology

We conducted our audit from June 16, 2014, through August 19, 2014, in 

accordance with the generally accepted government auditing standards issued by 

the Comptroller General of the United States. Those standards require that we 

plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a 

reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. 

We believe that the evidence obtained provides a reasonable basis for our findings 

and conclusions based on our audit objectives.

To determine the OIG’s employee hiring process and whether applicants’ assertions 

made during the hiring process are validated, we performed the following steps:

 Met with representatives from the OIG Office of Chief of Staff, Human

Resources Directorate, to obtain an understanding of the OIG employee 

hiring process; and to identify and discuss applicable federal, EPA and 

OIG policies and procedures 

 Obtained and reviewed criteria identified by the U.S. Office of Personnel 

Management, EPA and OIG associated with employee hiring to obtain an 

understanding of the requirements. Specifically we:

o Obtained and reviewed the March 2011 Memorandum of 

Understanding Between the Office of Administration and Resources 

Management and the Inspector General of the Environmental 

Protection Agency to determine human resource responsibilities.

o Obtained and reviewed the November 2008 Memorandum of 

Agreement and Statement of Work Between the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency Office of Inspector General and the U.S. Office of 

Personnel Management, Center for Talent Services for Human 

Resources Management Services, to determine human resource 

responsibilities
15-B-0076 5

o Obtained and reviewed the OIG Hiring Process: Guidance and 

Procedures to obtain an understanding of the OIG hiring process.

o Obtained from the EPA Office of Human Resources a listing of 

new hires for fiscal year 2013 (October 1, 2012 – September 30, 

2013) to determine the number of employees hired by the OIG and 

the type of hiring appointment.

Because there is no formal requirement to perform a reference check or 

verification of statements on an applicant’s resume, we did not conduct any 

detailed testing of OIG new hires. 

Results of Review

The OIG does not have a requirement to verify information in a job application, 

including employment history or references. Once an applicant meets the 

minimum requirements and is considered eligible for the position, the office relies 

extensively on the applicant self-certifying the information they submitted on 

their resume and application. According to OIG guidance, the selecting official is 

responsible for ensuring that references are checked prior to making final 

selection and for maintaining all documentation used for selection. However, 

there is no assurance the verifications are performed or documentation is 

consistently maintained. Without verification of prior employment or references 

for prospective eligible job candidates the potential exists that the OIG will not 

hire the best possible qualified candidate, or hire an applicant employee based on 

misleading information. 

The EPA’s Office of Human Resources and the U.S. Office of Personnel 

Management are not involved in or required to perform vetting under the 

applicable memorandum. The OIG is responsible for the vetting process for OIG 

employment (qualification reviews, pre-employment screening, official 

employment tentative offers and official job offer notification, and 

pre-employment personnel security process). 

EPA Human Resources Bulletin 08-007B does not require a selecting official or 

initiating office to perform and document a reference check on prospective 

employees. However, it does state that the human resources servicing offices will 

advise selecting officials of the importance of reference checks and how it is a 

valuable tool in authenticating information provided in the resume. We consider

the verification of prior employment and references to be a best practice if 

conducted, and recommend that it should be conducted for all recruiting actions. 

The OIG Hiring Process: Guidance and Procedures provides the process to be 

followed in the hiring of new employees. This guidance was not provided to us by 

the OIG Human Resources Directorate; rather, our search of the OIG human 

resource services webpage disclosed the document. According to the guidance, 

the selecting official is responsible for making selections, ensuring that references 
15-B-0076 6

are checked prior to making the final selection (Section 2.5.1), and maintaining all 

documentation used for selection of the position for a minimum of 2 years after a 

selected candidate starts in new position (Section 2.5.5). It also allows the 

selecting official to delegate the interviewing and checking of references to other 

OIG employees. This guidance assigns responsibility, but does not make it a 

requirement for selecting officials. 

The previous Director of the OIG Human Resources Directorate (the individual 

left the OIG in July 2014) stated the directorate really does not do anything to 

identify false statements in an applicant’s information, including job history or 

accomplishments. The office relies extensively on the applicant self-certifying the 

information they submitted on their resume and application. This is contrary to 

the guidance and best practice of verifying prior employment and references. We 

did not attempt to verify whether individual offices within the OIG verified prior 

employment and references.

On August 18, 2014, we met with and provided the findings and 

recommendations to the acting Director, Human Resources Directorate. The 

acting Director took no exception to the finding and recommendation and 

suggested we include a time period of at least 7 years for verifying applicants’

prior employment. In addition, the acting Director suggested that the selection 

official could use the form contained in EPA Human Resources Bulletin 08-007B. 

We agree with the acting Director’s suggestions and believe the OIG should 

consider implementing these suggestions when addressing the report 

recommendations. 

Recommendations

We recommend that the Deputy Inspector General:

1. Require selecting officials to verify prior employment and references prior 

to making final selection and retain documentation as outlined in the OIG 

guidance and procedures. 

2. Establish OIG policies to enhance internal controls for employee vetting.

Exit Conference and Planned Corrective Actions

We conducted a preliminary exit conference with the Deputy Inspector General

on August 12, 2014, and issued the finding outline on August 19, 2014. On 

September 5, 2014, we distributed the finding outline to the OIG Senior 

Leadership Team for review and comment. Three Senior Leadership Team

members provided comments and suggestions. We reviewed the comments and 

suggestions and made changes to the findings as considered necessary. We 

incorporated the changes into this report. 
15-B-0076 7

We conducted a final exit conference with the Deputy Inspector General on 

November 18, 2014, to discuss our recommendations and proposed corrective 

actions. The Deputy Inspector General agreed with our recommendations and 

provided corrective actions and completion dates for all recommendations. We 

agree with proposed corrective actions and consider the recommendations open 

with agreed-to corrective actions pending.
15-B-0076 8

Status of Recommendations and 

Potential Monetary Benefits

RECOMMENDATIONS

POTENTIAL MONETARY 

BENEFITS (in $000s)

Rec. 

No.

Page 

No. Subject Status1 Action Official

Planned 

Completion 

Date

Claimed 

Amount

Agreed-To 

Amount

1 6 Require selecting officials to verify prior 

employment and references prior to making final 

selection and retain documentation as outlined in 

the OIG guidance and procedures.

O Deputy Inspector General 3/31/15

2 6 Establish OIG policies to enhance internal controls 

for employee vetting.

O Deputy Inspector General 9/30/15

1 O = Recommendation is open with agreed-to corrective actions pending. 

C = Recommendation is closed with all agreed-to actions completed. 

U = Recommendation is unresolved with resolution efforts in progress.
15-B-0076 9

Appendix A

EPA OIG Distribution

Inspector General

Deputy Inspector General

Counsel to the Inspector General

Chief of Staff, Office of Inspector General

Assistant Inspector General for Investigations

Assistant Inspector General for Mission Systems

Assistant Inspector General for Program Evaluation

Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Congressional and Public Affairs