The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's

(EIA) primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, databegin with the year 1949. Included are statistics on total energy production,consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal,electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international energy; financialand environment indicators; and data unit conversions.

Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:

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which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data

and information....”

The AER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies,

energy analysts, and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readersregarding the content of the AER and other EIA publications.

Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1949, some early years (usually1951-1954, 1956-1959, 1961-1964, and 1966-1969) are not shown on the tables inthe printed report or the Portable Document Format (PDF) files; however, all yearsof data are shown in the Excel formats and the HyperText Markup Language(HTML) files.Comprehensive Changes: Most AER 2009 tables and figures carry a new

year of data (usually 2009), which are often preliminary and likely to be revisednext year, and revisions to much of the 2008 data, which are now final in manycases.Monthly Data: The emphasis of the AER is on long-term trends. Analysts

may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIA’s monthly releasesthat offer updates to the most recent years’ data. In particular, see the MonthlyEnergy Review at http://www.eia.gov/mer for statistics that include updates tomany of the annual series in this report.

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Annual Energy Review 200

August 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

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This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this

report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other

Federal agencies.

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End 

Division, Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questi

may be referred to Ryan Repice, 202-586-5828 (ryan.repice@eia.gov), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 (infocsubject specialists:

1. Energy Overview....................................... Ryan Repice ryan.repice@eia.gov 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................ Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.gov 

Residential Energy Consumption Survey................... James Berry james.berry@eia.gov 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.......... Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.gov 

3. Financial Indicators

Financial Reporting System............................. Robert Schmitt robert.schmitt@eia.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas.............................. Robert F. King robert.king@eia.gov Coal................................................ George Warholic george.warholic@eia.gov 

Uranium............................................ Doug Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.gov 

5. Petroleum............................................. Matthew Breslin matt.breslin@eia.gov 

Prices.............................................. Marlana Anderson marlana.anderson@eia.gov 

6. Natural Gas........................................... Joseph Conklin joseph.conklin@eia.gov 

7. Coal.................................................. Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.gov 

8. Electricity............................................. Channele Wirman channele.wirman@eia.gov 

9. Nuclear Energy........................................ John R. Moens john.moens@eia.gov 

10. Renewable Energy...................................... Louise Guey-Lee louise.guey-lee@eia.gov 

11. International Energy.................................... Patricia Smith patricia.smith@eia.gov 

12. Environment

Greenhouse Gases..................................... Perry Lindstrom perry.lindstrom@eia.gov 

Environmental Equipment.............................. Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.gov 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Contacts

This twenty-eighth edition of the Annual Energy Review (AER) presents the U.S.

Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) most comprehensive look at integratedenergy statistics. The summary statistics on the Nation’s energy production,consumption, trade, stocks, and prices cover all major energy commodities and allenergy-consuming sectors of the U.S. economy from 1949 through 2009. The AERis EIA’s historical record of energy statistics and, because the coverage spans sixdecades, the statistics in this report are well-suited to long-term trend analysis. The AER is a companion report to EIA’s Monthly Energy Review (MER), and it

covers most MER series over a much longer time span. Numerous additional

series are included in the AER. The additional series are available because EIA’s

surveys, on which both reports are largely based, provide more extensive coverage

of annual statistics than of monthly statistics.

AER statistics for recent years, particular 2009, are more likely than statistics for earlier

years to be revised by EIA as new information becomes available. The MER, therefore,is the recommended source for the most recent statistics for many of the AER series. 

For the most part, fuel-specific statistics in the AER are expressed in physical units,

such as barrels, cubic feet, short tons, and kilowatthours. Summary statistics inSections 1 and 2, however, are expressed in British thermal units (Btu), which

allows different fuels to be compared and integrateU.S. consumption of primary energy, to be calculatThe AER emphasizes domestic energy statistics. 

devoted to U.S. statistics, while Section 11 is deTrade statistics are the exception. For example, stcountry of origin have been included in Section 5

complete picture of petroleum statistics in one pla

Publication of the AER each year is in keeping wSection 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy OrgThe report is intended for use by Members of Conenergy analysts, and the general public. EIA weregarding its energy statistics. To make a suggesttion regarding the contents of the AER, readers specialists listed as contacts on the preceding page.Printed copies of the Annual Energy Review 2009 mU.S. Government Printing Office or the Nationalisted on the inside front cover of this report. The available electronically at http://www.eia.gov/aer.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Preface

Contents

Energy Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sections

1. Energy Overview...........................................................................................2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Diagrams

Energy Flow, 2009..........................................................................................Petroleum Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 Natural Gas Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Coal Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009........................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009..............................................

1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009............................................

1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2008, and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables viii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2008. . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1

4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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5. Petroleum—Continued

5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables x U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
8. Electricity—Continued

8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . 

8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . 

 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . .  8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . 

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . 

 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009. . . . . . 

8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-208.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 19898.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors , 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2000-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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10. Renewable Energy—Continued

10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1999-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production, 1999-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1999-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1998-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environment

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Total (All Sector) and Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-200812.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2012.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2008. . . . . . . 

Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

 A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables xii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors—Continued

A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator

D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945

E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1775-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
1. Energy Overview

1.0 Energy Flow, 2009....................................................................................1.1 Primary Energy Overview..............................................................................

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source.....................................................................1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source...................................................................1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 2008, and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.0 Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxiv U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
3. Financial Indicators—Continued

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2008. . . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.0 Petroleum Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
5. Petroleum—Continued

5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.0 Coal Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.7 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 7.8 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Electricity

8.0 Electricity Flow, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxvi U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
8. Electricity—Continued

8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 

8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.4 Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
11. International Energy—Continued

11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environment

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Division

 C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxviii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
U.S. Energy Information Administ

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s whenenergy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point,the Nation began to import more energy to meet its needs. In 2009, netimported energy accounted for 24 percent of all energy consumed.Figure 1. Primary Energy Overview

Energy Pe

Over

Exports

Production

Imports

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dolla Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product

After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar's worth ofthe Nation's output of goods and services trended down. The declineresulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the economy. The level in 2009 was 54 percent below that of 1970.

7.28 in 2009

Figure 3. Energy Consumption per Real Dollar1 of Gross Domestic Product

Thousand Btu

per Chained (2005) Dollar1 1 See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 15.89 in 1970
xx U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Consumption 

1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source Figure 5. Primary Energy Consumption by Source, 1775-2009

2010 2015 2020 2025 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 6. Energy Consumption Outlook

1 Petroleum-derived fuels and non-petroleum-derived fuels, such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and coal-based synth

Figure 6. Energy Consumption Outlook From the Annual Energy Outlook R

Liquid Fuels1

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Wood

Non-Hydroelectric Renewable Energy
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Consumptio

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use

All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous

growth in their use of energy. The industrial sector used the biggest share of

total energy and showed the greatest volatility; in particular, steep dropsoccurred in the sector in 1975, 1980-1982, 2001, 2008, and 2009 largely inresponse to high oil prices and economic slowdown.Figure 1. Energy Overview Figure 7. Total Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector

Transportation

Residential Commercial

Coal, once the predominant form of energy in the industrial sector, gave wayto natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gas and petroleum use expanded rapidly until the early 1970s, and then fluctuated widelyover the following decades. Use of electricity and biomass trended upward.

1 Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

Losses1

Figure 9. Industrial Total Energy Consumption, Major Sources

Petroleum

Electricity

Natural Gas

Industrial

Coal

Biomass
xxii U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Production 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source

Most energy produced in the United States came from fossil fuels—coal,natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20th

century, was surpassed by crude oil and then by natural gas. By the mid1980s, coal again became the leading energy source produced in the UnitedStates, and crude oil declined sharply. In the 1970s, electricity producedfrom nuclear fuel began to make a significant contribution and expandedrapidly in the following decades.

Natural Gas

Figure 11. Primary Energy Production by Major Source

Crude Oil

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Biomass

NGPL1

Hydroelectric

Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Petroleum Overview an

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

When U.S. production of crude oil and natural gas plant liquids peaked at11.3 million barrels per day in 1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrelsper day. In 2009, production was 7.2 million barrels per day, and netimports were 9.7 million barrels per day.

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

Net Imports

Production2

Consumption1

Crude oil well productivity rose sharply in the 1960s and reached a peak of18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972. After 1972, productivity trended downward to a 55-year low. The 2008 rate of 9.4 barrels per day per well was 51percent of the 1972 peak. In 2009, productivity rose to 10.1 barrels per dayper well.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

10.1

 in 2009

Peak: 18.6

in 1972
xxiv U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Petroleum Consum

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and the oneshowing the greatest expansion. In 2009, 13.3 million barrels per day ofpetroleum products were consumed for transportation purposes, accountingfor 71 percent of all petroleum used.Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption1 by Sector

Residential and Commercial

Industrial

Electric Power2

Transportation

Unadjusted for inflation (nominal dollars), the refiner acquisition composite(domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil reached $35.24 per barrel in 1981.Over the years that followed, the price fell dramatically to a low of $12.52 perbarrel in 1998 before rising again. The preliminary nominal price reported for2009 was $59.27 per barrel, a decrease of 37 percent over the 2008 price.

1 Composite of domestic and imported crude oil.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.

See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1 Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1

Nominal

Real2
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Petroleu

U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-20th century until the late1970s, but fell sharply from 1979 to 1985. The trend resumed upward from1985 through 2004, then remained flat through 2007, before dropping in2008 and 2009. In 2009, crude oil imports were 9.1 million barrels per day;petroleum product imports were 2.7 million barrels per day; and, exportswere 2.0 million barrels per day, mainly in the form of distillate and residualfuel oils.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 22. Petroleum Trade Figure 22. Petroleum Trade

Crude Oil Imports

Petroleum

Product Imports

Exports

Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria—nations

from three different continents—were key suppliers of petroleum to the U.S.market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it

sold to the United States over the decades. In 2009, 0.4 million barrels per

day of petroleum came into the United States from Iraq.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 24. Petroleum Imports From Selected OPEC Countries Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries

Saudi Arabia

Nigeria

Venezuela

Iraq

Note: OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
xxvi U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Petroleu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in the form ofproducts, which were ready for the market. After 1983, most petroleum instorage was in the form of crude oil (including that held by the government in

the Strategic Petroleum Reserve) that still needed to be refined into usableend products. At the end of 2009, petroleum stocks totaled 1.8 billionbarrels, 59 percent crude oil and 41 percent products.

Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Petroleum

Products

Crude Oil1

1 Includes crude oil and lease condensate stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

1 Imported by the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) and imported by others for the SPR.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR1

Most crude oil in the SPR was imported and came in during the early 1980s.In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 million barrels were imported for thereserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil at all was imported for the reserve.SPR imports picked up again after 1997, and stored another 176 millionbarrels from 1998 through 2009.

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for the SPR1
 gd

U.S. Energy Information Administ

Motor V

The composite motor vehicle fuel economy (miles per gallon) rose 42percent from 1973 to 1991 and then varied little in subsequent years. Mileage (miles per vehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998, and then remainednear 12 thousand miles per vehicle per year through 2007. Fuel consumption (gallons per vehicle) fell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991, regained 9percent from 1991 to 1999, and then trended down through 2008.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100

Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators

Fuel Economy

Mileage

Fuel Consumption

Heavy-duty truck miles traveled per year, which greatly exceeded othervehicle categories, grew by 124 percent from 1966 to 2003, decreased 10percent from 2003 to 2008, and averaged 25.3 thousand miles per vehiclein 2008. Passenger cars averaged 11.8 thousand miles per vehicle in2008. Vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles averaged 11.0 thousand miles per vehicle in 2008.

1 Sport utility vehicles. 2 Motorcycles are included through 1989.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs1

Passenger Cars2

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle MileageNote: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehic

Heavy-Duty Trucks
xxviii U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Natura

U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balancethrough 1986. After that, consumption began to outpace production, andimports of natural gas rose to meet U.S. demand. Production increasedfrom 2006 through 2009. In 2009, production stood at 21.0 trillion cubic feet(Tcf), net imports at 2.7 Tcf, and consumption at 22.8 Tcf.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview

Production

Consumption

Net Imports

Net imports of natural gas as a share of consumption remained below 6percent through 1987. Then, during a period when consumption outpacedproduction, the share rose to a peak of 16.4 percent in 2005 and again in2007. In 2009, the share was 11.7 percent.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

101520

Percent

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption

4.2%

 in

 1986

11.7%

 in 

2009

Figure 36. Natural Gas Net Imports as Share of Consumption
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Co

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.40.8

1.2

Billion Short Tons

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Historically, U.S. coal production usually surpassed U.S. coal consumption.In 2004 and 2005, however, production and consumption were in balance at1.11 billion short tons in 2004 and 1.13 billion short tons in 2005. In 2006through 2009, production again slightly exceeded consumption. Net exports,which peaked at 111 million short tons in 1981, stood at 36 million short tons

in 2009.

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Production

Consumption

Net Exports

1950 1960 1970 

0

300600900

Million Short Tons

Figure 41. Productio

In 1949, one-fourth of Umines; by 1971, mosurface-mined; and in 20above-ground mines.

Improved mining technology and the shift toward moresurface-mined coal promoted dramatic improvement inproductivity from the Nation's mines from 1978 through2000, but productivity declined in most years sincethen.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Employee Hour

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity

1.77 in 1978 5.61

in

 2009

Peak: 6.99 in 2000

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity Figure 41. Coal Produ
xxx U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Electricity Net Generation, Electri

and Useful Th

Total electricity net generation in all sectors grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in 1949 to 4.1 trillion kilowatthours in 2009, failing to increase in only 4years (1982, 2001, 2008, and 2009) over the entire span. Most generationwas in the electric power sector, but some occurred in the commercial andindustrial sectors.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.01.53.04.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

(All Sectors)

Electric Power

Figure 43. Electricity Net Generation by Sector

Commercial

and Industrial

Electric Power

Sector

From 1989 through 2009, natural gas-fired electric net summer capacityincreased dramatically. Coal, hydroelectric power, and nuclear electricpower capacity also increased over the 20-year period. In contrast, petroleum capacity was lower in 2009 than in 1989. Among non-hydroelectric

renewable energy sources, wind capacity increased the most. In the “Other”category, wood, waste, and solar capacity registered small increases,whereas geothermal capacity posted a slight decline.

269

32

11 8 3

-22

5

Natural Wind Coal Hydro- Nuclear Petro- Other

-50

0

50

100150200250300

0

-50

Million Kilowatts

Figure 45. Electric Net Summer Capacity Change by Source, 1989-2009

Gas Electric leum

Power

electric

Power
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Electricity Prices

Over the decades, industrial consumers paid the lowest rates for electricity;residential customers usually paid the highest prices. Inflation-adjustedprices rose in all sectors in 2005, 2006, and 2008 but remained well belowthe peak price levels of the mid-1980s.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

3456789

10

11

12

13141516

Chained (2005) Cents per Kilowatthour

Figure 47. Average Real1 Retail Prices of Electricity by Sector

Transportation

Other2

Commercial

Residential

Industrial

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price

deflators. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 In addition to transportation, “Other” includes public street and highway lighting agriculture

and irrigation, and other uses.
xxxii U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Nuclear Elec

The U.S. nuclear industry's first commercial plantopened in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, in 1957.Nuclear net summer capacity expanded sharply in the1970s and 1980s. Total net summer capacity stoodat 101 million kilowatts in 2009.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

101 in 2009

Figure 52. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity 

Nuclear capacity factors power generation as a shaoutput. Factors for the industo 60-percent range throuimproved in later years an2009.

1975 1980 1985 19

0

255075

100

Percent

Capacity change reflects capacity additions, retirements, and other changes (suchas generator re-ratings). In the nuclear power industry, capacity additions follow theissuing of full-power operating licenses. Year-to-year capacity additions were thegreatest in the 1970s and 1980s. In fact, nuclear power capacity was added almostevery year from the 1950s through 1990, when growth leveled off.

Figure 53. Nuclear Capa

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-4

048

12

-4

Million Kilowatts

Figure 50. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2009
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Renewab

1 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Total renewable energy consumption generally followed the pattern ofhydroelectric power output, which was the largest component of the total formost of the years shown. In 2009, hydroelectric power accounted for 35percent of the total. Wood was the next largest source of renewable energy,followed by biofuels and wind.Figure 55. Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources

Total

Wind

Biofuels

Wood1

Hydroelectric

 Power

After 1959, the industrial sector consumed the most biomass (wood, waste,

fuel ethanol, and biodiesel). Residential use of biomass (wood) fell through1973, expanded from 1974 through 1985, and then trended downward again.Transportation consumption of biomass (fuel ethanol and biodiesel)expanded after 1996 and, by 2006, exceeded the consumption of biomass

(wood and waste) in both the electric power and residential sectors.

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, also includes independent power producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector Figure 57. Biomass Consumption by Sector

Transportation

Electric Power1

Commercial

Residential

Industrial
xxxiv U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Internation

Although crude oil and natural gas plant liquids consistently accounted forthe largest share of world primary energy production throughout the 1970-to2007 period, all major energy sources exhibited growth. In 2007, the fossilfuels (crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, natural gas, and coal) accounted for86 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewable energy 8 percent,and nuclear electric power 6 percent.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

4590

135180

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Source

Crude Oil

and NGPL1

Coal

Renewable Energy

Natural Gas

Nuclear Electric Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

1 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

World crude oil production totaled 72 million barrelsper day in 2009, down 2 percent from the level in2008. OPEC's share of the world total in 2009 was 42percent, compared to the peak level of 53 percent in1973.

From 1974 through 1991, thworld's leading crude oil prArabia was the top produce

production exceeded Saudpeaked in 1970 but still ran

1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 61. Leading C

Figure 61. World Crude Oil Production Figure 62. Leading Cru

World

OPEC1

United

States 

Form
U.S. Energy Information Administ

Emis

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons

The combustion of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—to releasetheir energy creates emissions of carbon dioxide, the most significant greenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions stood at 6 billion metric tons ofgas in 2008, 16 percent higher than the 1990 level.

Carbon Dioxide

Figure 64. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Based on Global

Warming Potential

Billion Metric Tons Carbon 

Dioxide Equivalent

Total

Other1

1 Methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur

hexafluoride (SF6).

The increase in energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from 1949 throughthe mid 1970s correlated strongly with an increase in energy consumption,which in turned appeared to be linked to economic growth. After the mid1970s, however, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions increased moreslowly than inflation-adjusted gross domestic product. In 2009, during aneconomic downturn, emissions decreased 7 percent from the 2008 level.

1 Based on chained (2005) dollars. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Index 1949=100

Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Figure 66. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Real1 Gross Domestic Product Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions
1. Table 1.1.

2. Table 1.5.3. Table 1.5.4. Table 1.3.5. Tables 1.3, 10.1, and E1.6. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook

2010 (May 2010), Main Reference Case Tables, Table 1, "TotalEnergy Supply and Disposition Summary."

7. Table 2.1a.8. Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.9. Table 2.1d.

10. Table 2.1e.11. Table 1.2.12. Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.13. Table 1.4.14. Table 5.1.15. Table 5.2.16. Table 5.2.17. Table 4.4.18. Tables 5.13a-d.19. Table 5.11.20. Table 5.21.21. Table 5.24.22. Tables 5.3 and 5.5.23. Table 5.4.24. Table 5.4.25. Table 5.4.26. Table 5.16.27. Table 5.16.28. Table 5.17.29. Table 5.17.30. Table 2.8.31. Table 2.8.32. Table 2.8.33. Table 2.8.

xxxvi U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Figure S

Data for Energy Perspectives, 1949-2009, figures and text are derived from the 
Energy Overview

1

The continental United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sateimagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.

Figure 1.0 Energy Flow, 2009

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Natural gas plant liquids.3 Conventional hydroelectric power, biomass, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, and wind.4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.5 Natural gas, coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.6 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for.7 Coal, natural gas, coal coke, electricity, and biofuels.8 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.9 Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel.

10 Includes 0.02 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports11 Includes 0.12 quadrillion Btu of electricity net imports.12 Total energy consumption, which is the sum of primar

sales, and electrical system energy losses. Losses are proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail Energy Losses,” at end of Section 2.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived 

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview 

Overview, 1949-2009 Production and Consumption, 2009Overview, 2009 Energy Flow, 2009

 (Quadrillion Btu)

4 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Consumption

Production

Imports

Production 

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

73

30

7

95

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil

Fuels

Nuclear

Renewable

73

Exports

1 Adjustments, losses, and unaccounted for. Source: Table 1.1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Trade

Stock

Change

and

Other 7

Fossil

 Fuels 2

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable

Energy 3 Total

 Imports Exports Net Imports 1

Fossil

Fuels 8

Petroleum 4 Total 5 Coal Total 6 Total 

1949 28.748 0.000 2.974 31.722 1.427 1.448 0.877 1.592 -0.144 0.403 29.002 1950 32.563 .000 2.978 35.540 1.886 1.913 .786 1.465 .448 -1.372 31.632 1955 37.364 .000 2.784 40.148 2.752 2.790 1.465 2.286 .504 -.444 37.410 1960 39.869 .006 2.929 42.804 3.999 4.188 1.023 1.477 2.710 -.427 42.137 1965 47.235 .043 3.398 50.676 5.402 5.892 1.376 1.829 4.063 -.722 50.577 1970 59.186 .239 4.076 63.501 7.470 8.342 1.936 2.632 5.709 -1.367 63.522 1971 58.042 .413 4.268 62.723 8.540 9.535 1.546 2.151 7.384 -.818 64.596 1972 58.938 .584 4.398 63.920 10.299 11.387 1.531 2.118 9.269 -.485 67.696 1973 58.241 .910 4.433 63.585 13.466 14.613 1.425 2.033 12.580 -.456 70.316 1974 56.331 1.272 4.769 62.372 13.127 14.304 1.620 2.203 12.101 -.482 67.906 1975 54.733 1.900 4.723 61.357 12.948 14.032 1.761 2.323 11.709 -1.067 65.355 1976 54.723 2.111 4.768 61.602 15.672 16.760 1.597 2.172 14.588 -.178 69.104 1977 55.101 2.702 4.249 62.052 18.756 19.948 1.442 2.052 17.896 -1.948 70.989 1978 55.074 3.024 5.039 63.137 17.824 19.106 1.078 1.920 17.186 -.337 71.856 1979 58.006 2.776 5.166 65.948 17.933 19.460 1.753 2.855 16.605 -1.649 72.892 1980 59.008 2.739 5.485 67.232 14.658 15.796 2.421 3.695 12.101 -1.212 69.826 1981 58.529 3.008 R5.477 67.014 12.639 13.719 2.944 4.307 9.412 -.258 67.570 1982 57.458 3.131 6.034 66.623 10.777 11.861 2.787 4.608 7.253 R-.723 63.888 1983 54.416 3.203 R6.561 R64.180 10.647 11.752 2.045 3.693 8.059 .799 63.154 1984 58.849 3.553 R6.522 R68.924 11.433 12.471 2.151 3.786 8.685 -.894 66.504 1985 57.539 4.076 R6.185 R67.799 10.609 11.781 2.438 4.196 7.584 1.107 66.091 1986 56.575 4.380 R6.223 R67.178 13.201 14.151 2.248 4.021 10.130 -.552 66.031 1987 57.167 4.754 R5.739 R67.659 14.162 15.398 2.093 3.812 11.586 -.073 68.522 1988 57.875 5.587 R5.568 R69.030 15.747 17.296 2.499 4.366 12.929 .860 71.556 1989 57.483 5.602 R6.391 R69.476 17.162 18.766 2.637 4.661 14.105 1.362 72.913 1990 58.560 6.104 R6.206 R70.870 17.117 18.817 2.772 4.752 14.065 -.283 72.333 1991 57.872 6.422 R6.237 R70.531 16.348 18.335 2.854 5.141 13.194 .881 71.880 1992 57.655 6.479 R5.992 R70.126 16.968 19.372 2.682 4.937 14.435 1.394 73.397 1993 55.822 6.410 R6.261 R68.494 18.510 21.273 1.962 4.258 17.014 R2.093 R74.835 1994 58.044 6.694 R6.153 R70.891 19.243 22.390 1.879 4.061 18.329 R.037 R76.257 1995 57.540 7.075 R6.701 R71.316 18.881 22.260 2.318 4.511 17.750 R2.103 R77.257 1996 58.387 7.087 R7.165 R72.639 20.284 23.702 2.368 4.633 19.069 R2.465 R79.782 1997 58.857 6.597 R7.177 R72.631 21.740 25.215 2.193 4.514 20.701 R1.429 80.874 1998 59.314 7.068 R6.655 R73.037 22.908 26.581 2.092 4.299 22.281 R-.140 R81.369 1999 57.614 7.610 R6.678 R71.903 23.133 27.252 1.525 3.715 23.537 R1.372 R82.427 2000 57.366 7.862 R6.257 R71.485 24.531 28.973 1.528 4.006 24.967 R2.517 R84.732 2001 58.541 R8.029 R5.312 R71.883 25.398 30.157 1.265 3.770 26.386 R-1.953 R82.902 2002 56.894 R8.145 R5.892 R70.931 24.673 29.407 1.032 3.668 25.739 R1.183 R83.749 2003 R56.099 7.959 R6.139 R70.197 26.218 31.061 1.117 4.054 27.007 R.927 R84.010 2004 R55.895 8.222 R6.235 R70.352 28.196 33.543 1.253 4.433 29.110 R.851 R85.805 2005 R55.038 R8.161 R6.393 R69.592 29.247 34.710 1.273 4.561 30.149 R.704 R85.793 2006 55.968 R8.215 R6.774 R70.957 29.162 34.673 1.264 4.868 29.805 R-.973 R84.687 2007 R56.447 R8.455 R6.706 R71.608 28.762 34.685 1.507 5.448 29.238 R.682 R86.246 2008 R57.613 R8.427 R7.381 R73.421 R27.644 R32.952 2.071 R7.016 R25.936 R.045 R83.496 2009P 56.860 8.349 7.761 72.970 25.160 29.781 1.515 6.932 22.849 -1.241 78.368 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 3 See Note "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption" at the end of Section 10. 4 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 5 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, fuel ethanol, biodiesel, and electricity. 6 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, biodiesel, and electricity. 7 Calculated as consumption and exports minus production and imports. Includes petroleum stock

change and adjustments; natural gas net storage withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change,

losses, and unaccounted for; fuel ethanol stock change; and biod

8 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. 9 Also includes electricity net imports.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Productio

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

By Source Category, 1949-2009 By Major Source, 1949-2009By Source, 20096 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

 Electric 

Renewable Energy

Biomass

22 21

11

8

4 3 3

1

Coal Natural Crude Oil1 Nuclear Biomass Hydro- NGPL3 Geothermal,

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu

Hydroelectric Power2

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Conventional hydroelectric power. 

3 Natural gas plant liquids.

Source: Table 1.2. 

Solar/PV,

Wind

Gas electric

Power2

Electric

Power 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

2

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 3 NGPL 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Bio

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 11950 14.060 6.233 11.447 .823 32.563 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 11955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 11960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 .006 1.608 .001 NA NA 11965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 .043 2.059 .004 NA NA 11970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 .239 2.634 .011 NA NA 11971 13.186 22.280 20.033 2.544 58.042 .413 2.824 .012 NA NA 11972 14.092 22.208 20.041 2.598 58.938 .584 2.864 .031 NA NA 11973 13.992 22.187 19.493 2.569 58.241 .910 2.861 .043 NA NA 11974 14.074 21.210 18.575 2.471 56.331 1.272 3.177 .053 NA NA 11975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155 .070 NA NA 11976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 2.976 .078 NA NA 11977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 2.333 .077 NA NA 11978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 2.937 .064 NA NA 21979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 2.931 .084 NA NA 21980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900 .110 NA NA 21981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 2.758 .123 NA NA R21982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 3.266 .105 NA NA R21983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 3.527 .129 NA (s) R21984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 3.386 .165 (s) (s) R21985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970 .198 (s) (s) R31986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 3.071 .219 (s) (s) R21987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 2.635 .229 (s) (s) R21988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 2.334 .217 (s) (s) R31989 221.360 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.483 5.602 2.837 .317 .055 .022 R31990 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.560 6.104 3.046 .336 .060 .029 R21991 21.636 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.872 6.422 3.016 .346 .063 .031 R21992 21.694 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.655 6.479 2.617 .349 .064 .030 R21993 20.336 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.822 6.410 2.892 .364 .066 .031 R21994 22.202 19.348 14.103 2.391 58.044 6.694 2.683 .338 .069 .036 R31995 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.540 7.075 3.205 .294 .070 .033 R31996 22.790 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.387 7.087 3.590 .316 .071 .033 R31997 23.310 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.857 6.597 3.640 .325 .070 .034 R31998 24.045 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.314 7.068 3.297 .328 .070 .031 R21999 23.295 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.614 7.610 3.268 .331 .069 .046 R22000 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.366 7.862 2.811 .317 .066 .057 R32001 223.547 20.166 12.282 2.547 58.541 R8.029 2.242 .311 .065 .070 R22002 22.732 19.439 12.163 2.559 56.894 R8.145 2.689 .328 .064 .105 R22003 22.094 R19.633 12.026 2.346 R56.099 7.959 2.825 .331 .064 .115 R22004 22.852 R19.074 11.503 2.466 R55.895 8.222 2.690 .341 .065 .142 R22005 23.185 R18.556 10.963 2.334 R55.038 R8.161 2.703 .343 .066 .178 R32006 23.790 19.022 10.801 2.356 55.968 R8.215 2.869 .343 .072 .264 R32007 23.493 R19.825 10.721 2.409 R56.447 R8.455 2.446 .349 .081 .341 R32008 R23.851 R20.834 R10.509 R2.419 R57.613 R8.427 R2.511 R.360 R.097 R.546 R32009P 21.578 21.500 11.241 2.541 56.860 8.349 2.682 .373 .109 .697 3

1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation. 2 Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also includes a small amount of

refuse recovery. See Table 7.1. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Natural gas plant liquids. 5 Conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • 

due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2009 By Major Source, 1949-2009By Source, 20098 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel.

Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in“Biomass.”

2 Conventional hydroelectric power.

Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530354045

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Production

35

23

20

8

4 3 1

Petroleum1 Natural Coal Nuclear Biomass Hydro- Geothermal,

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Ga

Hydroelectric Power2

Nucl

Coal

Petroleum1

Biomas

Solar/PV,

Wind

Gas electric

Power2

Electric

Power 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Biomass 

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 1.425 NA NA NA 1.549 1950 12.347 .001 5.968 13.315 31.632 .000 1.415 NA NA NA 1.562 1955 11.167 -.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 .000 1.360 NA NA NA 1.424 1960 9.838 -.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 .006 1.608 .001 NA NA 1.320 1965 11.581 -.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 .043 2.059 .004 NA NA 1.335 1970 12.265 -.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 .239 2.634 .011 NA NA 1.431 1971 11.598 -.033 22.469 30.561 64.596 .413 2.824 .012 NA NA 1.432 1972 12.077 -.026 22.698 32.947 67.696 .584 2.864 .031 NA NA 1.503 1973 12.971 -.007 22.512 34.840 70.316 .910 2.861 .043 NA NA 1.529 1974 12.663 .056 21.732 33.455 67.906 1.272 3.177 .053 NA NA 1.540 1975 12.663 .014 19.948 32.731 65.355 1.900 3.155 .070 NA NA 1.499 1976 13.584 (s) 20.345 35.175 69.104 2.111 2.976 .078 NA NA 1.713 1977 13.922 .015 19.931 37.122 70.989 2.702 2.333 .077 NA NA 1.838 1978 13.766 .125 20.000 37.965 71.856 3.024 2.937 .064 NA NA 2.038 1979 15.040 .063 20.666 37.123 72.892 2.776 2.931 .084 NA NA 2.152 1980 15.423 -.035 20.235 34.202 69.826 2.739 2.900 .110 NA NA 2.476 1981 15.908 -.016 19.747 31.931 67.570 3.008 2.758 .123 NA NA R2.596 1982 15.322 -.022 18.356 30.232 63.888 3.131 3.266 .105 NA NA R2.663 1983 15.894 -.016 17.221 30.054 63.154 3.203 3.527 .129 NA (s) R2.904 1984 17.071 -.011 18.394 31.051 66.504 3.553 3.386 .165 (s) (s) R2.971 1985 17.478 -.013 17.703 30.922 66.091 4.076 2.970 .198 (s) (s) R3.016 1986 17.260 -.017 16.591 32.196 66.031 4.380 3.071 .219 (s) (s) R2.932 1987 18.008 .009 17.640 32.865 68.522 4.754 2.635 .229 (s) (s) R2.875 1988 18.846 .040 18.448 34.222 71.556 5.587 2.334 .217 (s) (s) R3.016 1989 19.070 .030 19.602 34.211 72.913 5.602 2.837 .317 .055 .022 R3.159 1990 19.173 .005 19.603 33.553 72.333 6.104 3.046 .336 .060 .029 R2.735 1991 18.992 .010 20.033 32.845 71.880 6.422 3.016 .346 .063 .031 R2.782 1992 19.122 .035 20.714 33.527 73.397 6.479 2.617 .349 .064 .030 R2.932 1993 19.835 .027 21.229 33.744 R74.835 6.410 2.892 .364 .066 .031 R2.908 1994 19.909 .058 21.728 R34.561 R76.257 6.694 2.683 .338 .069 .036 R3.028 1995 20.089 .061 22.671 R34.436 R77.257 7.075 3.205 .294 .070 .033 R3.101 1996 21.002 .023 23.085 35.673 R79.782 7.087 3.590 .316 .071 .033 R3.157 1997 21.445 .046 23.223 R36.159 80.874 6.597 3.640 .325 .070 .034 R3.105 1998 21.656 .067 22.830 R36.816 R81.369 7.068 3.297 .328 .070 .031 R2.928 1999 21.623 .058 22.909 R37.837 R82.427 7.610 3.268 .331 .069 .046 R2.963 2000 22.580 .065 23.824 R38.263 R84.732 7.862 2.811 .317 .066 .057 R3.008 2001 21.914 .029 22.773 R38.185 R82.902 R8.029 2.242 .311 .065 .070 R2.622 2002 21.904 .061 23.558 R38.225 R83.749 R8.145 2.689 .328 .064 .105 R2.701 2003 22.321 .051 R22.831 R38.808 R84.010 7.959 2.825 .331 .064 .115 R2.807 2004 22.466 .138 R22.909 R40.292 R85.805 8.222 2.690 .341 .065 .142 R3.010 2005 22.797 .044 R22.561 R40.391 R85.793 R8.161 2.703 .343 .066 .178 R3.117 2006 22.447 .061 22.224 R39.955 R84.687 R8.215 2.869 .343 .072 .264 R3.277 2007 22.749 .025 R23.702 R39.769 R86.246 R8.455 2.446 .349 .081 .341 R3.503 2008 R22.385 .041 R23.791 R37.279 R83.496 R8.427 R2.511 R.360 R.097 R.546 R3.852 2009P 19.761 -.024 23.362 35.268 78.368 8.349 2.682 .373 .109 .697 3.883 

1 Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series components and estimation. 2 Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 3 Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels,"

at end of Section 6.

4 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Does

not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 

5 Conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less 

quadrillion Btu.

Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary

consumption for 1635-1945. • See Note 3, "Electricity Im• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, 10.3, A4, 
Figure 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, 1949-2009

Energy Net Imports Imports and Exports, 2009Energy Imports Energy Exports10 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Pe

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

29.8

Imports 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Pet

Total

Petroleum

25.2

Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

101520253035

-5

Quadrillion Btu

Note: Negative net imports are net exports. Source: Table 1.4.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.4 Primary Energy Trade by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports

Coal

Coal

Coke

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Biofuels 4 Elec- tricity Total Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas

Petroleum

Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total Crude Oil 2 Petroleum Products 3 Total

1949 0.008 0.007 0.000 0.915 0.513 1.427 NA 0.006 1.448 0.877 0.014 0.021 0.192 0.488 0.680 1950 .009 .011 .000 1.056 .830 1.886 NA .007 1.913 .786 .010 .027 .202 .440 .642 1955 .008 .003 .011 1.691 1.061 2.752 NA .016 2.790 1.465 .013 .032 .067 .707 .774 1960 .007 .003 .161 2.196 1.802 3.999 NA .018 4.188 1.023 .009 .012 .018 .413 .431 1965 .005 .002 .471 2.654 2.748 5.402 NA .012 5.892 1.376 .021 .027 .006 .386 .392 1970 .001 .004 .846 2.814 4.656 7.470 NA .021 8.342 1.936 .061 .072 .029 .520 .549 1971 .003 .004 .964 3.573 4.968 8.540 NA .024 9.535 1.546 .037 .083 .003 .470 .473 1972 .001 .005 1.047 4.712 5.587 10.299 NA .036 11.387 1.531 .031 .080 .001 .466 .467 1973 .003 .027 1.060 6.887 6.578 13.466 NA .057 14.613 1.425 .035 .079 .004 .482 .486 1974 .052 .088 .985 7.395 5.731 13.127 NA .053 14.304 1.620 .032 .078 .006 .458 .465 1975 .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 1976 .030 .033 .988 11.239 4.434 15.672 NA .037 16.760 1.597 .033 .066 .017 .452 .469 1977 .041 .045 1.037 14.027 4.728 18.756 NA .069 19.948 1.442 .031 .056 .106 .408 .514 1978 .074 .142 .995 13.460 4.364 17.824 NA .072 19.106 1.078 .017 .053 .335 .432 .767 1979 .051 .099 1.300 13.825 4.108 17.933 NA .077 19.460 1.753 .036 .056 .497 .505 1.002 1980 .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 1981 .026 .013 .917 9.336 3.303 12.639 NA .124 13.719 2.944 .029 .060 .482 .781 1.264 1982 .019 .003 .950 7.418 3.360 10.777 NA .112 11.861 2.787 .025 .052 .500 1.231 1.732 1983 .032 .001 .940 7.079 3.568 10.647 NA .132 11.752 2.045 .016 .055 .348 1.217 1.565 1984 .032 .014 .847 7.302 4.131 11.433 NA .144 12.471 2.151 .026 .055 .384 1.161 1.545 1985 .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 1986 .055 .008 .748 9.002 4.199 13.201 NA .139 14.151 2.248 .025 .062 .326 1.344 1.670 1987 .044 .023 .992 10.067 4.095 14.162 NA .178 15.398 2.093 .014 .055 .319 1.311 1.630 1988 .053 .067 1.296 11.027 4.720 15.747 NA .133 17.296 2.499 .027 .075 .329 1.412 1.741 1989 .071 .057 1.387 12.596 4.565 17.162 NA .089 18.766 2.637 .027 .109 .300 1.536 1.836 1990 .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 1991 .085 .029 1.798 12.553 3.794 16.348 NA .075 18.335 2.854 .020 .132 .246 1.882 2.128 1992 .095 .052 2.161 13.253 3.714 16.968 NA .096 19.372 2.682 .017 .220 .188 1.819 2.008 1993 .205 .053 2.397 14.749 3.760 18.510 .001 .107 21.273 1.962 .026 .142 .208 1.907 2.115 1994 .222 .083 2.682 15.340 3.904 19.243 .001 .160 22.390 1.879 .024 .164 .209 1.779 1.988 1995 .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.211 18.881 .001 .146 22.260 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.791 1.991 1996 .203 .063 3.002 16.341 3.943 20.284 .001 .148 23.702 2.368 .040 .155 .233 1.825 2.059 1997 .187 .078 3.063 17.876 3.864 21.740 (s) .147 25.215 2.193 .031 .159 .228 1.872 2.100 1998 .218 .095 3.225 18.916 3.992 22.908 (s) .135 26.581 2.092 .028 .161 .233 1.740 1.972 1999 .227 .080 3.664 18.935 4.198 23.133 (s) .147 27.252 1.525 .022 .164 .250 1.705 1.955 2000 .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.749 24.531 (s) .166 28.973 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.048 2.154 2001 .495 .063 4.068 20.348 5.050 25.398 .002 .131 30.157 1.265 .033 .377 .043 1.996 2.038 2002 .422 .080 4.104 19.920 4.753 24.673 .002 .125 29.407 1.032 .020 .520 .019 2.023 2.042 2003 .626 .068 4.042 21.060 5.158 26.218 .002 .104 31.061 1.117 .018 .686 .026 2.124 2.150 2004 .682 .170 4.365 22.082 6.114 28.196 .013 .117 33.543 1.253 .033 .862 .057 2.150 2.207 2005 .762 .088 4.450 22.091 7.156 29.247 .013 .152 34.710 1.273 .043 .735 .067 2.373 2.441 2006 .906 .101 4.291 22.085 7.077 29.162 R.068 .146 34.673 1.264 .040 .730 .052 2.694 2.747 2007 .909 .061 4.723 21.914 6.849 28.762 .055 .175 34.685 1.507 .036 .830 .058 2.914 2.972 2008 .855 .089 R4.084 R21.448 R6.195 R27.644 R.085 .195 R32.952 2.071 .049 R1.015 .061 R3.653 R3.713 2009P .566 .009 3.842 19.806 5.354 25.160 .026 .179 29.781 1.515 .032 1.081 .093 4.115 4.208 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Crude oil and lease condensate. Imports data include imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve,

which began in 1977.

3 Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending components. Does not

include biofuels. 4 Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) and biodiesel. 5 Biodiesel only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 St

territories and possessions. • See "Primary Energy" in GlossaExports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of co

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.3, 10.4, A2
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators

Energy Consumption, 1949-2009 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2007 Energy Consumption p

Gross Domestic Produ

Energy Consumption per Person, Energy Expenditures per Person, Energy Expenditures a1949-2009 1970-2007 Gross Domestic Produ12 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Billion Nominal Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 197

05

101520

Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators,

 See Appendix D1.

Source: Table 1.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000

Nominal Dollars1 

1970 1980 

05

1015

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Person

Energy

Expenditures 1

Energy

Expenditures 1

per Person

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures 1

as Share of GDP

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Consumption per

Real Dollar of GDP

G

E

Re

Quadrillion

Btu

Million

Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars 4

Nominal

Dollars 4

Billion

Nominal

Dollars 4 Percent

Billion

Chained

(2005) Dollars 5

Thousand Btu

per Chained

(2005) Dollar 5

Me

Di

pe

(

1949 31.982 214 NA NA R267.2 NA R1,844.7 R17.34 1950 34.616 227 NA NA R293.7 NA R2,006.0 R17.26 1955 40.208 242 NA NA R414.7 NA R2,500.3 R16.08 1960 45.087 250 NA NA 526.4 NA R2,830.9 R15.93 1965 54.017 278 NA NA 719.1 NA R3,610.1 R14.96 1970 67.844 331 82,911 404 R1,038.3 8.0 R4,269.9 R15.89 1971 69.289 334 90,071 434 R1,126.8 8.0 R4,413.3 R15.70 1972 72.704 346 98,108 467 R1,237.9 7.9 R4,647.7 R15.64 1973 75.708 357 111,928 528 R1,382.3 8.1 R4,917.0 R15.40 1974 73.991 346 153,370 717 R1,499.5 10.2 R4,889.9 R15.13 1975 71.999 333 171,846 796 R1,637.7 10.5 R4,879.5 R14.76 1976 76.012 349 193,897 889 R1,824.6 10.6 R5,141.3 R14.78 1977 78.000 354 220,461 1,001 R2,030.1 10.9 R5,377.7 R14.50 1978 79.986 359 239,230 1,075 R2,293.8 10.4 R5,677.6 R14.09 1979 80.903 359 297,543 1,322 R2,562.2 11.6 R5,855.0 R13.82 1980 78.122 344 R374,346 R1,647 R2,788.1 13.4 R5,839.0 R13.38 1981 76.168 332 R427,878 R1,865 R3,126.8 13.7 R5,987.2 R12.72 1982 73.153 316 R426,437 R1,841 R3,253.2 13.1 R5,870.9 R12.46 1983 R73.038 312 R417,418 R1,785 R3,534.6 11.8 R6,136.2 R11.90 1984 R76.714 325 R435,148 R1,845 R3,930.9 R11.1 R6,577.1 R11.66 1985 R76.491 R321 R438,184 R1,842 R4,217.5 10.4 R6,849.3 R11.17 1986 R76.756 320 R383,409 R1,597 R4,460.1 8.6 R7,086.5 R10.83 1987 R79.173 327 R396,515 R1,637 R4,736.4 8.4 R7,313.3 R10.83 1988 R82.819 339 R410,426 R1,679 R5,100.4 8.0 R7,613.9 R10.88 1989 R84.944 344 R437,611 R1,773 R5,482.1 8.0 R7,885.9 R10.77 1990 R84.651 339 R472,539 R1,893 R5,800.5 8.1 R8,033.9 R10.54 1991 R84.606 334 R470,559 R1,860 R5,992.1 R7.9 R8,015.1 R10.56 1992 R85.955 335 R475,587 R1,854 R6,342.3 7.5 R8,287.1 R10.37 1993 R87.601 337 R491,168 R1,890 R6,667.4 7.4 R8,523.4 R10.28 1994 R89.257 339 R504,204 R1,916 R7,085.2 7.1 R8,870.7 R10.06 1995 R91.169 342 R514,049 R1,930 R7,414.7 6.9 R9,093.7 R10.03 1996 R94.172 350 R559,954 R2,079 R7,838.5 R7.1 R9,433.9 R9.98 1997 R94.761 348 R566,785 R2,079 R8,332.4 6.8 R9,854.3 R9.62 1998 R95.178 345 R525,738 R1,906 R8,793.5 6.0 R10,283.5 R9.26 1999 R96.812 347 R556,509 R1,994 R9,353.5 R5.9 R10,779.8 R8.98 2000 R98.970 351 R687,587 R2,437 R9,951.5 R6.9 R11,226.0 R8.82 2001 R96.316 338 R694,515 R2,436 R10,286.2 R6.8 R11,347.2 R8.49 2002 R97.853 340 R661,902 R2,300 R10,642.3 R6.2 R11,553.0 R8.47 2003 R98.131 338 R754,668 2,599 R11,142.1 R6.8 R11,840.7 R8.29 2004 R100.313 R342 R869,112 2,966 R11,867.8 R7.3 R12,263.8 R8.18 2005 R100.445 340 R1,045,465 3,535 R12,638.4 R8.3 R12,638.4 R7.95 2006 R99.790 R334 R1,158,483 R3,880 R13,398.9 R8.6 R12,976.2 R7.69 2007 R101.527 337 R1,233,058 R4,089 R14,077.6 R8.8 R13,254.1 R7.66 2008 R99.402 327 NA NA R14,441.4 NA R13,312.2 R7.47 2009P 94.578 308 NA NA 14,256.3 NA 12,987.4 7.28 

1 Expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 12.1. 3 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.2 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia

Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Exp

Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. GreenhouDioxide Emissions: Table 12.2. Other Columns: Calculated 
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2007

ConsumptionConsumption per Person14 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

TX

CA

FL

NY OH IL PA LA

GA MI IN NJ NC VA TN AL WA KY MO MN WI SC OK AZ MA MD CO MS IA AR KS OR CT WV UT NV AK NM NE ID WY M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

0

2

468

10

12

14

Quadrillion Btu

AK

WY

LA

ND

TX MT KY WV AL IN OK MS IA KS AR NE SC TN SD NM MN ID OH DE ME VA US MO WI GA PA WA DC NJ IL CO NV UT MI NC OR HI M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

1.2

Billion Btu

Source: Table 1.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2007

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Person Expenditures 1 Expenditures 1 per Person 

Trillion Btu Million Btu Million Dollars 2 Dollars 2 

 1 Texas 11,834.5 Alaska 1,062.3 Texas 140,651 Alaska 9,191  2 California 8,491.5 Wyoming 948.6 California 121,829 Wyoming 8,687  3 Florida 4,601.9 Louisiana 861.2 New York 63,642 Louisiana 7,688  4 New York 4,064.3 North Dakota 671.1 Florida 60,747 North Dakota 6,442  5 Ohio 4,048.9 Texas 496.3 Pennsylvania 49,301 Texas 5,899  6 Illinois 4,043.2 Montana 483.1 Illinois 48,297 Montana 5,504  7 Pennsylvania 4,006.2 Kentucky 477.5 Ohio 48,190 Maine 5,090  8 Louisiana 3,766.2 West Virginia 469.9 New Jersey 39,609 Hawaii 4,833  9 Georgia 3,133.0 Alabama 460.8 Michigan 36,882 Iowa 4,805  10 Michigan 3,026.9 Indiana 458.4 Georgia 35,678 Kentucky 4,796  11 Indiana 2,904.0 Oklahoma 445.8 Louisiana 33,624 Oklahoma 4,719  12 New Jersey 2,743.7 Mississippi 424.3 North Carolina 32,574 Alabama 4,670  13 North Carolina 2,700.0 Iowa 414.0 Virginia 30,509 West Virginia 4,624  14 Virginia 2,610.9 Kansas 409.1 Indiana 28,627 Kansas 4,610  15 Tennessee 2,330.5 Arkansas 406.1 Massachusetts 25,862 Mississippi 4,585  16 Alabama 2,132.0 Nebraska 391.6 Tennessee 25,462 New Jersey 4,577  17 Washington 2,067.2 South Carolina 384.2 Missouri 23,342 Indiana 4,518  18 Kentucky 2,023.0 Tennessee 379.0 Washington 23,224 South Dakota 4,506  19 Missouri 1,964.1 South Dakota 367.2 Wisconsin 22,455 Delaware 4,465  20 Minnesota 1,874.6 New Mexico 361.8 Minnesota 21,708 Nebraska 4,451  21 Wisconsin 1,846.3 Minnesota 361.7 Alabama 21,606 Arkansas 4,428  22 South Carolina 1,692.3 Idaho 354.0 Maryland 21,490 Connecticut 4,340  23 Oklahoma 1,608.5 Ohio 352.8 Kentucky 20,316 Vermont 4,329  24 Arizona 1,577.8 Delaware 350.4 Arizona 20,198 Ohio 4,199  25 Massachusetts 1,514.6 Maine 346.3 South Carolina 18,130 Minnesota 4,189  26 Maryland 1,488.7 Virginia 339.1 Colorado 17,033 Tennessee 4,141  27 Colorado 1,479.3 Missouri 334.1 Oklahoma 17,027 Nevada 4,138  28 Mississippi 1,239.5 Wisconsin 329.8 Connecticut 15,146 South Carolina 4,116  29 Iowa 1,235.2 Georgia 329.0 Iowa 14,334 District of Columbia 4,069  30 Arkansas 1,149.3 Pennsylvania 322.6 Mississippi 13,392 New Hampshire 4,065  31 Kansas 1,136.2 Washington 320.5 Oregon 13,175 Wisconsin 4,011  32 Oregon 1,108.2 District of Columbia 318.5 Kansas 12,803 New Mexico 4,010  33 Connecticut 870.7 New Jersey 317.1 Arkansas 12,533 Massachusetts 3,998  34 West Virginia 850.5 Illinois 315.2 Nevada 10,571 Missouri 3,971  35 Utah 805.5 Colorado 305.5 Utah 8,739 Pennsylvania 3,969  36 Nevada 777.4 Nevada 304.3 West Virginia 8,369 Virginia 3,963  37 Alaska 723.6 Utah 301.8 New Mexico 7,877 Maryland 3,825  38 New Mexico 710.7 Michigan 301.2 Nebraska 7,877 Illinois 3,766  39 Nebraska 692.9 North Carolina 298.6 Maine 6,696 Georgia 3,746  40 Idaho 529.6 Oregon 296.7 Alaska 6,260 Michigan 3,670  41 Wyoming 496.4 Hawaii 269.1 Hawaii 6,174 Idaho 3,621  42 Montana 462.1 Maryland 265.0 Idaho 5,418 North Carolina 3,603  43 Maine 455.6 Vermont 261.2 New Hampshire 5,335 Washington 3,601  44 North Dakota 428.1 Florida 252.9 Montana 5,265 Oregon 3,527  45 Hawaii 343.7 Connecticut 249.5 Wyoming 4,546 Colorado 3,517  46 New Hampshire 314.2 Arizona 248.3 North Dakota 4,110 Rhode Island 3,387  47 Delaware 302.0 New Hampshire 239.5 Delaware 3,849 California 3,349  48 South Dakota 292.2 Massachusetts 234.2 South Dakota 3,585 Florida 3,338  49 Rhode Island 217.6 California 233.4 Rhode Island 3,567 New York 3,276  50 District of Columbia 187.2 New York 209.2 Vermont 2,687 Utah 3,274  51 Vermont 162.1 Rhode Island 206.6 District of Columbia 2,392 Arizona 3,179 

 United States 3,4101,468.0 United States 336.8 United States 51,233,058 United States 64,093 

1 Prices and expenditures include taxes where data are available. 2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 Includes 25.2 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports and 378.0 trillion Btu of energy losses and

co-products from the production of fuel ethanol that are not allocated to the States. 4 The U.S. consumption value in this table does not match those in Tables 1.1 and 1.3 because it:1) does not include biodiesel; 2) does not incorporate the latest data revisions; and 3) is the sum of Statevalues, which use State average heat contents to convert physical units of coal and natural gas to Btu. 5 Includes $347 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

6 Based on population data prior to revisions shown on Table 

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: Consumption: U.S. Energy Information Admin

Consumption" (August 2009), Tables R1 and R2. Expenditur2007: Prices and Expenditures" (August 2009), Table R1. "Stadata by end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estiprice and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 through 2007.
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009

16 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

162

(1963)

October November December January February M

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2008- 2009 Heating Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.

4

(20

577

(1954)

687

(2006)

683

(1956)

396

(2001)

367

(1976)

668

(1976)

1,188

(1977)

1,070

(1989)

958

(1978)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253  1971 976 760 681 375 194 29 10 12 47 187  1972 890 785 608 377 137 49 7 12 65 330  1973 893 772 504 356 182 22 6 9 61 212  1974 838 754 556 310 171 42 6 13 94 303  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275  2000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244  2001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 69 260  2002 776 669 622 281 184 23 3 8 37 298  2003 944 801 572 344 165 41 4 5 62 260  2004 968 766 495 303 107 37 7 20 47 251  2005 859 676 648 305 186 25 3 6 39 236  2006 687 731 600 264 137 23 2 9 82 304  2007 841 853 502 372 111 24 5 7 44 175  2008 892 741 617 319 183 26 5 13 52 281  2009P 969 705 583 330 132 40 14 12 60 330 

Normal1 917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heatingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the

2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are 

national average.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.h

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2009

18 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

April May June July August Septemb

0

100200300400

Cooling Degree-Days

Record High Monthly Value (Year of Record)

2009 Cooling Season

30-Year Monthly Normal1

Record Low Monthly Value (Year of Record)

118

(1967)

268

(1950)

147

(1991)

228

(1992)

64

(1976)

161

(1955)

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.

2

(1(2

13

(1983)

53

(2006)

388

(2006)

280

(1952)

366

(2007)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48  1971 8 7 10 22 68 244 288 269 182 77  1972 15 6 22 36 88 174 299 276 169 44  1973 7 3 24 18 75 236 318 303 166 66  1974 21 6 28 29 101 173 317 267 120 40  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55  2000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50  2001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46  2002 8 6 17 53 92 243 370 332 202 57  2003 5 7 24 30 110 187 336 345 156 65  2004 6 6 28 29 138 208 299 252 177 67  2005 10 7 12 24 82 250 367 351 215 55  2006 13 5 18 53 109 236 388 337 138 46  2007 10 5 29 23 119 236 310 366 191 82  2008 7 11 17 31 91 264 334 283 171 48  2009P 7 7 17 29 117 222 284 307 169 47 

Normal1 8 8 18 33 104 216 323 292 160 56 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the

2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are 

national average.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.h

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2009Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 200920 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

Atlantic

30-Year Normal2: 4,524

Low: 3

High: 4,958 (1978)

England Atlantic Central Central Central Central

6,646

5,799

6,540 6,837

2,879

3,588

2,212

6,612

5,910

6,498 6,750

2,853

3,603

2,286

5,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South M

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1971 6,695 5,761 6,236 6,594 2,763 3,395 1,985 5,585  1972 7,001 6,064 6,772 7,094 2,759 3,438 2,259 5,352  1973 6,120 5,327 5,780 6,226 2,718 3,309 2,256 5,562  1974 6,621 5,670 6,259 6,478 2,551 3,171 2,080 5,281  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,661 5,809 6,617 6,761 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,188  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881  2001 6,055 5,323 5,824 6,184 2,641 3,312 2,187 4,895  2002 6,099 5,372 6,122 6,465 2,671 3,420 2,307 5,018  2003 6,851 6,090 6,528 6,539 2,891 3,503 2,230 4,605  2004 6,612 5,749 6,199 6,290 2,748 3,289 2,088 4,844  2005 6,551 5,804 6,241 6,202 2,844 3,402 2,051 4,759  2006 5,809 5,050 5,712 5,799 2,535 3,239 1,863 4,778  2007 6,501 5,623 6,096 6,374 2,584 3,213 2,156 4,830  2008 6,395 5,643 6,696 7,112 2,782 3,641 2,178 5,114  2009P 6,646 5,799 6,540 6,837 2,879 3,588 2,212 5,016 

Normal2 6,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. 

Beginning in July 2001, data are weighted by the 2000 populat

are aggregated into Census divisions and the national averagedivisions.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.h

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2009Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 200922 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

30-Year Normal2: 1,242

Low: 1,029 (1976)

High: 1,4

362

587 547 720

2,025

1,497

2,570

441

665 731

949

1,982

1,564

2,477

1,3

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2 2009

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1971 465 730 783 960 1,932 1,577 2,448 1,074  1972 364 614 643 908 1,843 1,525 2,513 1,141  1973 551 830 864 1,009 2,000 1,665 2,359 1,123  1974 393 614 626 878 1,842 1,382 2,342 1,188  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488  2001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498  2002 570 863 933 1,087 2,209 1,808 2,545 1,543  2003 522 685 645 946 2,007 1,494 2,522 1,639  2004 402 670 604 752 2,037 1,549 2,485 1,376  2005 642 990 960 1,094 2,081 1,696 2,636 1,457  2006 528 778 752 1,079 2,037 1,670 2,776 1,586  2007 484 788 900 1,135 2,212 1,927 2,488 1,663  2008 497 745 698 847 1,987 1,560 2,494 1,504  2009P 362 587 547 720 2,025 1,497 2,570 1,504 

Normal2 441 665 731 949 1,982 1,564 2,477 1,308 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. 

Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the 2000 population. 

aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. divisions.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For current data, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.h

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic 

National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Historic
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense and Non-Defense 1975-2009 Fiscal Years 1975-2009Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 200924 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 General Services Administration.2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.4 See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. 

Source: Table 1.11.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu

Total

Non-Defense 

Non-Defens

Defense

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu Defense

44.2

31.1 29.9

18.6

16.5

10.8 10.2

7.9 6.6

Postal Energy Veterans GSA1 Justice HHS2 NASA3 Interior Agriculture 

0

1020304050

Trillion Btu

Service Affairs
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vet

Af

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 1976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 1977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 1978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 1979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 1980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 1981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 1982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 1983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 1984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 1985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 20.7 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 1986 6.8 1,222.8 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 1987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 1990 9.6 1,241.7 43.5 17.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 1993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 1994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 1995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 1996 9.1 904.5 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 1997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 1999 7.8 810.7 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 2000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 2001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 2002 7.2 837.5 30.7 17.5 8.0 8.2 17.7 10.7 41.6 18.3 2003 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6 2004 7.0 960.7 31.4 18.3 8.8 8.7 17.5 9.9 50.5 5.2 2005 7.5 933.2 29.6 18.4 9.6 8.6 18.8 10.3 53.5 5.0 2006 6.8 843.7 32.9 18.2 9.3 8.1 23.5 10.2 51.8 4.6 2007 6.8 864.6 31.5 19.1 9.9 7.5 20.7 10.6 45.8 5.6 2008 6.6 R889.9 28.1 18.4 10.3 7.5 18.8 10.2 46.4 R4.7 2009P 6.6 880.3 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama

Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, RailroadRetirement Board, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, SmallBusiness Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency,Central Intelligence Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, andU.S. Information Agency (International Broadcasting Bureau).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 throug

2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in thiconversion factors (which in most cases are different from thosBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinemillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied pmotor gasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign installaaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/regu

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Eff

Energy Management Program. 
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009

Total U.S. Government Energy ConsumptionBy Major Energy Source By Selected Petroleum Product26 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1Noted in reference to Executive Order 13423 (January 24, 2007), Sec. 2(a) that requires

Federal agencies to “improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gasses...relative to thebaseline of the agency’s energy use in fiscal year 2003.” 2Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.

3Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

Note: U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 througand 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30.Source: Table 1.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

1.57

1

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.51.8

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity

Coal Natural Gas

Petroleum

Moto

Fuel Oil2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1

Petroleum

Electricity

Aviation

Gasoline Fuel Oil 2 Jet Fuel

LPG 3

and Other 4

Motor

Gasoline 5 Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 4.0 56.5 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.7 53.2 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.9 53.1 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 4.0 51.6 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 4.1 51.2 1,093.8 155.9 1985 64.8 149.9 1.9 292.6 705.7 4.0 50.4 1,054.6 167.2 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.9 45.3 1,032.4 155.8 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 4.0 43.1 1,069.9 169.9 1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 3.2 41.2 952.4 171.2 1989 48.7 152.4 .8 245.3 761.7 5.7 41.1 1,054.5 188.6 1990 44.3 159.4 .5 245.2 732.4 6.4 37.2 1,021.7 193.6 1991 45.9 154.1 .4 232.6 774.5 9.0 34.1 1,050.7 192.7 1992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 11.4 35.6 876.8 192.5 1993 38.3 152.9 .7 187.0 612.4 9.3 34.5 843.9 193.1 1994 35.0 143.9 .6 198.5 550.7 10.9 29.5 790.2 190.9 1995 31.7 149.7 .3 178.5 522.3 11.4 31.9 744.4 185.3 1996 23.3 147.4 .2 170.6 513.0 21.7 27.6 733.2 184.5 1997 22.5 154.0 .3 180.1 475.7 17.2 39.0 712.2 184.0 1998 23.9 140.7 .2 174.6 445.5 9.4 43.1 672.8 181.8 1999 21.2 137.6 .1 162.2 444.7 2.9 41.1 650.9 180.4 2000 22.7 134.0 .2 171.4 403.1 4.3 43.9 622.9 194.0 2001 18.8 133.9 .2 177.0 415.2 7.9 42.5 642.9 188.8 2002 16.9 134.1 .2 165.7 472.9 6.0 41.3 686.1 189.1 2003 17.7 139.7 .3 189.8 517.9 6.6 45.7 760.3 196.1 2004 17.4 134.8 .2 259.8 508.2 6.0 43.5 817.8 195.4 2005 17.1 135.1 .4 239.8 492.2 9.0 48.2 789.6 195.9 2006 23.5 132.0 .6 207.8 442.6 4.7 47.8 703.5 194.9 2007 20.4 130.8 .4 211.4 461.1 5.6 46.0 724.5 193.2 2008 16.9 131.9 .3 R180.0 504.4 R18.2 R47.3 R750.2 R189.7 2009P 20.3 131.1 .3 169.0 505.6 13.6 48.7 737.2 189.3 

1 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

5 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year was July 1 through June 30. Beginning

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30 (for example, fiscal year2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in this table are developed using the followingconversion factors (which in most cases are different from those in Tables A1-A6)—coal: 24.580 million

Btu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolin

million Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petrogasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kiloBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign instalaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/reg

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficien

Management Program. 
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 200

By AgencyBy Source28 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1Includes small amount of renewable energy; see Table 1.13, footnote 8.2Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.3Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.4Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil.5Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 

6Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other ty

equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanbiodiesel.

Note: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from OctobeSource: Table 1.13.

680

101 74

25

58

88

696

101

70

23

54

89 

697

101 77

28

63

95

63

Petroleum1 Electricity Natural Gas2 Coal, Purchased Petroleum1 Electricity Na

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

2003 2008 2009

Department of Defense All Other Agen

Steam, and Other3 

Stea

Gasoline5 Petroleum6

506

169

49 14

737

189

131

504

180

47 19

750

190

132

518

190

46 7

760

196

140

40

Jet Fuel Fuel Oil Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas2 Coa

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

2003 2008 2009

Petroleum1

4
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 2003, 200

 (Trillion Btu)

Resource

and Fiscal Years Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation 

Coal

 2003 ..................................... R(s) 15.4 2.0 0.0 R(s) R(s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

 2008 ..................................... R(s) 14.9 1.8 .0 .0 R(s) .0 .0 .0 .0  2009 P .................................. 0.0 16.2 3.9 .0 .0 (s) .0 .0 .0 .0 

Natural Gas 5

 2003 ..................................... 1.4 76.6 7.0 7.6 3.7 1.3 8.6 2.9 10.4 .7  2008 ..................................... 1.2 69.5 5.9 6.8 5.6 1.1 10.1 2.8 9.3 .7  2009 P .................................. 1.2 74.2 6.3 6.9 6.3 1.2 7.6 2.8 5.1 .6 

Petroleum

 2003 ..................................... 3.3 697.1 3.0 .2 1.5 4.4 6.5 1.4 18.2 1.6  2008 ..................................... 3.2 R696.3 2.4 .2 1.0 4.0 2.9 1.1 16.1 1.1 

 2009 P .................................. 3.2 679.7 2.6 .2 .9 4.1 3.4 1.0 19.6 1.1 

 Aviation Gasoline

 2003 ..................................... (s) (s) (s) .0 .0 (s) .1 R (s) .0 (s) 

 2008 ..................................... .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 R(s) .0 R (s) .0 R(s) 

 2009 P .................................. (s) .1 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) (s) .0 (s) 

 Fuel Oil 6

 2003 ..................................... .4 166.5 2.0 .1 .9 1.2 .4 .4 5.1 .3  2008 ..................................... .5 R161.7 1.4 .1 .6 1.1 .3 .3 2.7 .2 

 2009 P .................................. .6 148.8 1.7 .1 .6 1.3 .3 .3 4.9 .2 

 Jet Fuel

 2003 ..................................... .0 509.9 R (s) .0 .0 .1 1.5 .6 .0 .6 

 2008 ..................................... .0 499.3 R (s) .0 .0 .1 .0 .6 .0 .5  2009 P .................................. .0 500.6 (s) .0 .0 .1 .1 .5 .0 .5 

 LPG 7 and Other 8

 2003 ..................................... .7 4.2 .1 R (s) .1 .7 R (s) .1 .2 .1 

 2008 ..................................... .4 R 15.6 .3 R (s) .1 1.0 R (s) .1 .1 R(s) 

 2009 P .................................. .5 10.7 .3 (s) .1 .8 .1 .1 .3 (s) 

 Motor Gasoline 9

 2003 ..................................... 2.2 16.5 .9 .1 .5 2.4 4.5 .2 12.9 .7  2008 ..................................... 2.1 R 19.7 .7 .1 .2 1.8 2.6 .1 13.2 .4 

 2009 P .................................. 2.1 19.4 .6 .1 .2 1.9 2.9 .1 14.4 .4 

Electricity

 2003 ..................................... 2.6 101.1 18.0 10.0 3.6 2.4 7.0 5.8 21.7 3.2  2008 ..................................... 1.9 100.7 16.7 9.8 3.4 2.2 5.2 5.5 20.7 R2.7 

 2009 P .................................. 1.8 101.1 16.8 9.8 3.4 2.4 5.0 5.5 19.4 2.5 

Purchased Steam and Other 10

 2003 ..................................... .3 12.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 .1 .7 .8 .7 R(s) 

 2008 ..................................... .3 8.5 1.4 1.6 .4 .2 .5 .9 .3 .2  2009 P .................................. .5 9.1 1.5 1.8 .2 .2 .6 .9 .1 .2 

Total Energy

 2003 ..................................... 7.7 902.3 31.6 19.6 10.1 8.2 22.7 10.8 50.9 5.6  2008 ..................................... 6.6 R889.9 28.1 18.4 10.3 7.5 18.8 10.2 46.4 R4.7 

 2009 P .................................. 6.6 880.3 31.1 18.6 10.8 7.9 16.5 10.2 44.2 4.3 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Tennessee

Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation, Federal Trade Commission,Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S.Department of the Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, U.S. Information Agency (InternationalBroadcasting Bureau).

5 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases. 8 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel. 9 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

10 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported a

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 trillion. Notes: • For 1975 and 1976, the U.S. Government’s fiscal y

in 1977, the U.S. Government’s fiscal year is October 1 throug2007 is October 2006 through September 2007). • Data in thconversion factors (which in most cases are different from thoBtu/short ton; natural gas: 1,031 Btu/cubic foot; aviation gasolinmillion Btu/barrel; jet fuel: 5.460 million Btu/barrel; liquefied petrogasoline: 5.250 million Btu/barrel; electricity: 3,412 Btu/kiloBtu/pound. • Data include energy consumed at foreign instalaviation and ocean bunkering, primarily by the U.S. Department for electricity generation and uranium enrichment is excluded. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/reg

information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficien

Management Program. 
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Total, 1949-2009 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2009

By Source, 1949-2009 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2009

30 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Notes: • Data through 2000 are on a calendar-year basis; data for 2001-2009 are on a fiscalyear basis (October–September). • “Federally Administered Lands” include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government, including acquired mili

public lands.

Source: Table 1.14.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

09

18273645

Percent 2009: 20

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

44

32

Coal Natural Gas Crude 

0

1020304050

Percent

Lease C

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Coal

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

 Lease Condensate
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Natural Gas Plant Liquids 1 Natural Gas 2 Coal 

Million

Barrels 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Barrels 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons 3

Quadrillion

Btu

Calendar-Year Data 4

1949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 0.24 1950 105.9 .61 5.4 4.4 .02 2.4 .14 .15 2.4 7.7 .19 1955 159.5 .92 6.4 6.0 .03 2.1 .43 .45 4.8 5.9 .15 1960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 .05 3.4 .95 .98 7.8 5.2 .13 1965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 .06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 .20 1970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 .17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 .29 1971 648.9 3.76 18.8 54.0 .22 8.7 3.95 4.08 18.3 17.3 .41 1972 630.5 3.66 18.2 56.7 .23 8.9 4.17 4.28 19.3 19.0 .44 1973 604.3 3.51 18.0 54.9 .22 8.7 4.37 4.46 20.1 24.2 .57 1974 570.2 3.31 17.8 61.9 .25 10.1 4.75 4.87 22.9 32.1 .74 1975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 .24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 1.00 1976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 .23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 1.98 1977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 .23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 1.69 1978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 .10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 1.76 1979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 .05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 1.91 1980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 .04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 2.08 1981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 .05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 3.10 1982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 .06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 2.89 1983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 .05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 2.74 1984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 .10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 3.00 1985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 .10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 4.04 1986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 .09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 4.16 1987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 .09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 4.28 1988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 .14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 4.92 1989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 .17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 5.14 1990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 .19 8.9 6.55 6.74 36.8 280.6 6.12 1991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 .28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 6.18 1992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 .27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 5.78 1993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 .24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 6.12 1994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 .23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 6.88 1995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 .28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 8.04 1996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 .27 10.6 7.31 7.50 38.8 354.5 7.56 1997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 .28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 7.72 1998 5606.3 53.52 526.6 560.3 5.23 59.4 57.06 57.27 537.1 371.1 7.95 1999 6628.9 63.65 629.3 666.5 6.25 69.9 67.24 67.44 638.4 414.5 8.73 2000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 .33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.2 440.2 9.27 

Fiscal-Year Data 7

2001 676.5 3.92 32.0 93.0 0.35 14.0 6.98 7.17 35.7 425.4 8.87 2002 647.8 3.76 30.5 106.5 .40 15.2 6.78 6.96 35.4 507.8 10.51 2003 8422.6 82.45 820.4 101.0 .38 16.0 6.01 R6.17 31.5 446.7 9.18 2004 356.4 2.07 17.7 110.7 .41 16.8 7.38 R7.58 39.4 551.1 11.27 2005 439.9 2.55 22.7 96.6 .36 14.8 6.70 R6.88 36.6 431.0 8.78 2006 502.1 2.91 27.4 84.1 .31 13.7 4.96 5.10 27.4 466.2 9.47 2007 584.7 3.39 31.5 94.5 .35 14.7 5.73 R5.90 R30.1 467.5 9.51 2008 476.6 2.76 26.1 101.3 .38 15.2 4.96 5.09 R24.6 506.1 R10.24 2009 544.3 3.16 28.8 87.3 .32 13.1 6.60 6.77 31.7 490.6 9.83 

1 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the natural

gas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas.

2 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and

fractionators. 3 Data from the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), arefor sales volumes. 4 Through 2000, data are on a calendar-year (January through December) basis. The only exception isin 1949-1974 with production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, which is on a fiscal-year (July throughJune) basis. 5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval

Petroleum Reserve No. 1. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 an

Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer includ

7 Beginning in 2001, data are on a fiscal-year (October 

fiscal-year 2006 data are for October 2005 through September 2

8 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diver

R=Revised. Note: "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes o

including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public la

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.mrm.mms.gov.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use

Total, 1980-2009 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2By Fuel, 2009 By Petroleum Product, 200932 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Note: See Note “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels” at end of seSource: Table 1.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

Percent

Total 

Petroleum Products

Coal

1.5

0.9 0.9

0.3

0.2

LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Lubri- Petro- 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

4.1

0.7

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

(s)

and

Road Oil

leum

Coke

chemical cants 

Feedstocks
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, Selected Years, 1980-2009

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas Coal 

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Pentanes

Plus Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 1 Total

Physical Units 2

1980 145 230 3 ( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 1990 176 R340 18 60 199 30 20 39 R882 R561 .6 1991 162 394 10 53 R203 25 17 44 R908 573 .6 1992 166 397 13 54 214 38 20 35 R938 R603 1.2 1993 174 389 60 55 216 21 20 33 969 R618 .9 1994 176 437 56 58 R224 23 15 35 R1,025 673 .9 1995 178 450 66 57 215 22 13 34 1,035 668 .9 1996 177 470 69 55 217 25 14 34 1,061 681 .9 1997 184 473 65 58 250 20 14 35 1,100 706 .9 1998 190 494 44 61 252 35 20 39 1,137 762 .8 1999 200 520 57 62 238 47 28 37 R1,187 R752 .8 2000 192 479 51 61 243 23 19 R37 R1,105 R726 .8 2001 189 445 44 56 214 34 15 R38 R1,035 R627 .7 2002 187 465 37 55 229 32 20 38 1,063 657 .7 2003 184 441 37 51 247 27 15 R37 R1,039 R611 .7 2004 196 453 37 52 287 R43 10 R36 R1,114 R612 .7 2005 199 428 33 51 266 R36 12 R37 R1,062 R637 .7 2006 185 R440 23 42 265 43 13 R41 R1,052 R633 .6 2007 180 449 30 52 242 R41 15 R40 R1,048 R651 .6 2008 152 R421 R25 48 R210 R40 16 R41 R954 R644 .6 2009P 130 448 20 43 168 29 9 41 887 627 .4 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 3 ( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 1985 1.03 .90 .06 .32 .82 .09 .16 .24 3.63 .52 .03 1990 1.17 R1.18 .08 .36 1.12 .18 .11 .23 R4.43 .58 .02 1991 1.08 R1.37 .04 .32 1.15 .15 .09 .26 4.47 .59 .02 1992 1.10 1.39 .06 .33 1.20 .23 .10 .20 R4.62 R.62 .04 1993 1.15 1.35 .28 .34 1.22 .12 .10 .20 4.76 R.64 .03 1994 1.17 R1.54 .26 .35 1.26 .14 .08 .20 5.01 .69 .03 1995 1.18 R1.58 .30 .35 1.21 .13 .07 .20 R5.02 .69 .03 1996 1.18 R1.64 .32 .34 1.21 .15 .07 .20 R5.10 .70 .03 1997 1.22 R1.66 .30 .35 1.40 .12 .07 .21 R5.33 R.73 .03 1998 1.26 R1.73 .20 .37 1.40 .21 .11 .23 R5.53 .79 .03 1999 1.32 R1.81 .26 .37 1.33 .28 .15 R.21 R5.75 .77 .03 2000 1.28 R1.66 .24 .37 1.35 .14 .10 R.21 R5.34 R.74 .03 2001 1.26 1.55 .20 .34 1.19 .21 .08 R.22 R5.04 R.65 .02 2002 1.24 R1.61 .17 .33 1.27 .19 .10 .22 R5.15 R.68 .02 2003 1.22 R1.54 .17 .31 1.37 .16 .08 R.22 5.07 R.63 .02 2004 1.30 R1.57 .17 .31 1.59 R.26 .05 R.21 R5.48 R.63 .02 2005 1.32 1.49 .15 .31 1.47 R.22 .06 R.22 5.24 R.66 .02 2006 1.26 1.52 .11 .25 1.48 .26 .07 R.24 R5.19 R.65 .02 2007 1.20 1.54 .14 .31 1.35 R.24 .08 R.24 R5.10 R.67 .02 2008 1.01 R1.45 R.12 .29 R1.17 R.24 .08 R.24 R4.61 R.66 .02 2009P .87 1.52 .09 .26 .93 .17 .04 .24 4.13 .65 .01 

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 2 Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons. 3 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Notes: • Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy

consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. • Because ofchanges in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of nonfuel use in this table areconsidered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are consideredtransportation use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1980, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment.html.

Sources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—U.S. Energy Informatio

Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petr• 1981 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, an• 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, HydConsumed. • 1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce. Coabased on the methodology underlying the nonfuel emissions calculatioGases in the United States 2008. Percent of Total Energy Consumtotal consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Overview

Note. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the UnitedStates and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some areused directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofingand paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products thatare used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used invehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used tomake plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used tomake nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the chemical industry. For moreinformation, see U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use of Energy Inputs” section inChapter 2), at http://www.eia.gov/environment.html.Table 1.14 Sources; Physical Data (Columns 1, 4, 7, and 10): • 1949-1980—U.S.Geological Survey (USGS), Federal and Indian Lands Oil and Gas Production,Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and Federal and Indian Lands Coal, Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Mineral Production, Royalty Income, and

Related Statistics (June 1981). U.S. Department of EPetroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (NPOSR), unpubliPetroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues Repand Indian Leases, annual reports; DOE, NPOSR, 

National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished daMineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Feder

reports; and DOE, NPOSR, unpublished data. • Mineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal 

annual reports. • 2001 forward—DOI, MMS, "20Information." Btu Data: Data in columns 2, 5, 8, aplying the physical data by approximate heat contenTables A2, A4, and A5. Data in column 13 arcolumns. Percent of U.S. Total: Percentages production on federally administered lands by totaplying by 100. Calendar-year values for total U.S5.1, 6.1, and 7.1; fiscal-year values for total U.S

October-September values from the Monthly Energ

3.1, 4.1, and 6.1.

34 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Energy Consumption by S

2

Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inSource: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009

 (Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Supply Sources Demand Se

Percent of Source Percent of Sector

94 72

22

5

1

3

32

35

30

7

<1

93

53

100

3

3

41

40

7

11

17

76

1

7

1

18

48

11

Coal3 19.7

Petroleum1 35.3

Natural Gas2 23.4

ResidentCommer

 10.6

12

26

9

22

Electric Po 38.3

Transport

 27.0

Industr 18.8

Nuclear

Electric Power

8.3

Renewable

Energy 4

7.7

1 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in

“Renewable Energy."

2 Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.3 Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.4 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, and biomass.5 Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

6 Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) a

plants.

7 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent d

 Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annu2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2009 Electric Power Sector, 1949-200938 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: See “Primary Energy Consumption” in Glossary. 

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

22%

Transportation

29%

30%

C

19%

Residential

Commercial

Coa

Natural Gas

Renew

Ene

21.2

18.1

28.2 27.0

38.3

6.6

4.0

18.8

27.0

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2009

Residential, By Major Source Commercial, By Major SourceIndustrial, By Major Source Transportation, By Major Source

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Natural Ga

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity. Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

Electrical

Losses1

Electrical

Losses1

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy

Coal Coal

Petroleum

Electricity

Petroleum

Petrole

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal
40 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3,4

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5

1949 R4,466 R5,605 R2,670 R3,670 12,627 14,717 7,880 7,990 4,339 1950 R4,836 R5,995 R2,836 R3,895 13,881 16,233 8,384 8,493 4,679 1955 R5,617 R7,287 R2,564 R3,898 16,091 19,472 9,475 9,551 6,461 1960 R6,665 R9,053 R2,726 R4,613 16,977 20,823 10,560 10,597 8,158 1965 R7,297 R10,658 R3,182 R5,851 20,124 25,075 12,400 12,434 11,014 1970 R8,314 R13,760 R4,235 R8,346 22,975 29,641 16,061 16,098 16,259 1971 R8,418 R14,239 R4,321 R8,720 22,732 29,601 16,693 16,729 17,124 1972 R8,615 R14,851 R4,409 R9,185 23,532 30,953 17,681 17,716 18,466 1973 R8,212 R14,891 R4,419 R9,545 24,741 32,653 18,576 18,612 19,753 1974 R7,893 R14,649 R4,255 R9,397 23,816 31,819 18,086 18,119 19,933 1975 R7,973 R14,810 R4,055 R9,498 21,454 29,447 18,209 18,244 20,307 1976 R8,374 R15,406 R4,367 R10,070 22,685 31,430 19,065 19,099 21,513 1977 R8,172 R15,653 R4,253 R10,213 23,193 32,307 19,784 19,820 22,591 1978 R8,238 R16,122 R4,303 R10,515 23,276 32,733 20,580 20,615 23,587 1979 R7,905 R15,813 R4,362 R10,656 24,212 33,962 20,436 20,471 23,987 1980 R7,426 R15,760 R4,101 R10,590 22,610 32,077 19,658 19,696 24,327 1981 R7,030 R15,268 R3,833 R10,629 21,338 30,756 19,476 R19,512 24,488 1982 R7,130 R15,533 R3,859 R10,871 R19,075 R27,656 R19,050 R19,087 24,034 1983 R6,812 R15,428 R3,835 R10,952 R18,577 27,481 19,132 R19,174 24,679 1984 R7,194 R15,971 R3,996 R11,463 R20,197 R29,624 R19,606 R19,653 25,719 1985 R7,129 R16,057 R3,726 R11,475 R19,467 R28,876 R20,040 R20,086 26,132 1986 R6,890 R15,998 R3,688 R11,635 R19,098 R28,332 R20,739 R20,788 26,338 1987 R6,908 R16,288 R3,769 R11,977 R19,976 R29,442 R21,418 R21,468 27,104 1988 R7,340 R17,155 R3,989 R12,607 R20,883 R30,737 R22,266 R22,317 28,338 1989 R7,552 R17,824 R4,039 R13,237 R20,896 R31,397 R22,423 R22,477 430,025 1990 R6,538 R16,982 R3,890 R13,365 R21,207 R31,894 R22,365 R22,419 30,660 1991 R6,725 R17,457 R3,939 R13,546 R20,853 R31,486 R22,064 R22,117 31,025 1992 R6,930 R17,393 R3,985 R13,487 R21,785 R32,660 R22,362 R22,414 30,893 1993 R7,123 R18,257 R3,966 R13,868 R21,783 R32,720 R22,714 R22,767 32,025 1994 R6,959 R18,149 R4,011 R14,143 R22,421 R33,606 R23,309 R23,364 32,563 1995 R6,915 R18,547 R4,094 R14,729 R22,746 R34,045 R23,790 R23,846 33,621 1996 R7,440 R19,531 R4,266 R15,213 R23,442 R34,988 R24,382 R24,437 34,638 1997 R7,007 R18,994 R4,289 R15,726 R23,720 R35,287 R24,694 R24,749 35,045 1998 R6,390 R18,986 R3,998 R16,014 R23,209 R34,926 R25,200 R25,255 36,385 1999 R6,746 R19,583 R4,045 R16,422 R22,989 R34,854 R25,891 R25,948 37,136 2000 R7,127 R20,446 R4,269 R17,218 R22,869 R34,756 R26,488 R26,548 38,214 2001 R6,839 R20,065 R4,076 R17,180 R21,833 R32,803 R26,212 R26,275 R37,362 2002 R6,901 R20,838 R4,136 R17,404 R21,855 R32,762 R26,783 R26,844 R38,173 2003 R7,183 R21,139 R4,275 R17,388 R21,538 R32,612 R26,919 R26,994 38,218 2004 R6,966 R21,125 R4,223 R17,707 R22,437 R33,592 R27,816 R27,895 38,876 2005 R6,883 R21,660 R4,043 R17,905 R21,448 R32,528 R28,270 R28,352 R39,800 2006 R6,155 R20,735 R3,739 R17,760 R21,557 R32,466 R28,749 R28,829 R39,590 2007 R6,607 R21,600 R3,923 R18,314 R21,430 R32,499 R29,030 R29,118 R40,540 2008 R6,765 R21,606 R4,043 R18,411 R20,503 R31,358 R27,944 R28,027 R40,147 2009P 6,606 21,207 3,974 18,148 18,751 28,199 26,951 27,033 38,304 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricityretail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section. 7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the 

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total eof the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conv

8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into 

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b-2.1f.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electric

Retai

Sales 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum Total Geothermal Solar/PV Biomass Total

1949 1,272 1,027 R1,112 R3,411 NA NA 1,055 1,055 R4,466 228 1950 1,261 1,240 R1,329 R3,830 NA NA 1,006 1,006 R4,836 246 1955 867 2,198 R1,776 R4,842 NA NA 775 775 R5,617 438 1960 585 3,212 R2,241 R6,038 NA NA 627 627 R6,665 687 1965 352 4,028 R2,449 R6,829 NA NA 468 468 R7,297 993 1970 209 4,987 R2,717 R7,913 NA NA 401 401 R8,314 1,591 1971 172 5,126 R2,739 R8,036 NA NA 382 382 R8,418 1,704 1972 116 5,264 R2,856 R8,236 NA NA 380 380 R8,615 1,838 1973 94 4,977 R2,787 R7,858 NA NA 354 354 R8,212 1,976 1974 82 4,901 R2,539 R7,522 NA NA 371 371 R7,893 1,973 1975 63 5,023 R2,463 R7,548 NA NA 425 425 R7,973 2,007 1976 59 5,147 R2,686 R7,892 NA NA 482 482 R8,374 2,069 1977 57 4,913 R2,660 R7,630 NA NA 542 542 R8,172 2,202 1978 49 4,981 R2,586 R7,616 NA NA 622 622 R8,238 2,301 1979 37 5,055 R2,085 R7,177 NA NA 728 728 R7,905 2,330 1980 31 4,825 R1,721 R6,576 NA NA 850 850 R7,426 2,448 1981 30 4,614 R1,516 R6,160 NA NA 870 870 R7,030 2,464 1982 32 4,711 R1,417 R6,160 NA NA 970 970 R7,130 2,489 1983 31 4,478 R1,334 R5,842 NA NA 970 970 R6,812 2,562 1984 40 4,661 R1,513 R6,214 NA NA 980 980 R7,194 2,662 1985 39 4,534 R1,546 R6,119 NA NA 1,010 1,010 R7,129 2,709 1986 40 4,405 R1,525 R5,970 NA NA 920 920 R6,890 2,795 1987 37 4,420 R1,601 R6,058 NA NA 850 850 R6,908 2,902 1988 37 4,735 R1,658 R6,430 NA NA 910 910 R7,340 3,046 1989 31 4,899 R1,645 R6,574 5 53 920 978 R7,552 3,090 1990 31 4,491 R1,375 R5,897 6 56 580 641 R6,538 3,153 1991 25 4,667 R1,359 R6,052 6 58 610 674 R6,725 3,260 1992 26 4,805 R1,394 R6,224 6 60 640 706 R6,930 3,193 1993 26 5,063 R1,416 R6,505 7 62 550 618 R7,123 3,394 1994 21 4,960 R1,388 R6,369 6 64 520 590 R6,959 3,441 1995 17 4,954 R1,352 R6,324 7 65 520 591 R6,915 3,557 1996 17 5,354 R1,456 R6,827 7 65 540 612 R7,440 3,694 1997 16 5,093 R1,396 R6,505 8 65 430 503 R7,007 3,671 1998 12 4,646 R1,280 R5,937 8 65 380 452 R6,390 3,856 1999 14 4,835 R1,435 R6,284 9 64 390 462 R6,746 3,906 2000 11 5,105 R1,521 R6,637 9 61 420 490 R7,127 4,069 2001 12 4,889 R1,499 R6,400 9 60 370 439 R6,839 4,100 2002 12 5,014 R1,426 R6,452 10 59 380 449 R6,901 4,317 2003 12 R5,209 R1,490 R6,712 13 58 400 471 R7,183 4,353 2004 11 R4,981 R1,491 R6,483 14 59 410 483 R6,966 4,408 2005 8 R4,946 R1,422 R6,377 16 61 430 507 R6,883 4,638 2006 6 4,476 R1,197 R5,679 18 67 390 475 R6,155 4,611 2007 8 R4,850 R1,223 R6,080 22 75 430 527 R6,607 4,750 2008 R8 R4,989 R1,204 R6,201 26 R88 R450 R565 R6,765 R4,708 2009P 7 4,874 1,162 6,043 33 101 430 563 6,606 4,650 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.

5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
42 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Ele

R

S

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Biomass Total

1949 1,554 360 R736 R2,650 NA NA NA 20 20 R2,670 1950 1,542 401 R874 R2,817 NA NA NA 19 19 R2,836 1955 801 651 R1,097 R2,549 NA NA NA 15 15 R2,564 1960 407 1,056 R1,252 R2,714 NA NA NA 12 12 R2,726 1965 265 1,490 R1,418 R3,173 NA NA NA 9 9 R3,182 1970 165 2,473 R1,590 R4,227 NA NA NA 8 8 R4,235 1971 179 2,587 R1,548 R4,314 NA NA NA 7 7 R4,321 1972 153 2,678 R1,570 R4,402 NA NA NA 7 7 R4,409 1973 160 2,649 R1,604 R4,413 NA NA NA 7 7 R4,419 1974 175 2,617 R1,457 R4,248 NA NA NA 7 7 R4,255 1975 147 2,558 R1,342 R4,047 NA NA NA 8 8 R4,055 1976 144 2,718 R1,495 R4,358 NA NA NA 9 9 R4,367 1977 148 2,548 R1,546 R4,242 NA NA NA 10 10 R4,253 1978 165 2,643 R1,484 R4,291 NA NA NA 12 12 R4,303 1979 149 2,836 R1,363 R4,348 NA NA NA 14 14 R4,362 1980 115 2,651 R1,314 R4,080 NA NA NA 21 21 R4,101 1981 137 2,557 R1,118 R3,812 NA NA NA 21 21 R3,833 1982 155 2,650 R1,032 R3,837 NA NA NA 22 22 R3,859 1983 162 2,486 R1,164 R3,812 NA NA NA 22 22 R3,835 1984 169 2,582 R1,222 R3,973 NA NA NA 22 22 R3,996 1985 137 2,488 R1,077 R3,702 NA NA NA 24 24 R3,726 1986 135 2,367 R1,158 R3,661 NA NA NA 27 27 R3,688 1987 125 2,489 R1,126 R3,740 NA NA NA 30 30 R3,769 1988 131 2,731 R1,095 R3,957 NA NA NA 33 33 R3,989 1989 115 2,785 R1,036 R3,936 1 3 – 99 102 R4,039 1990 124 2,682 R985 R3,792 1 3 – 94 98 R3,890 1991 116 2,795 R928 R3,839 1 3 – 95 100 R3,939 1992 117 2,871 R888 R3,875 1 3 – 105 109 R3,985 1993 117 2,923 R812 R3,853 1 3 – 109 114 R3,966 1994 118 2,962 R819 R3,899 1 4 – 106 112 R4,011 1995 117 3,096 R763 R3,976 1 5 – 113 118 R4,094 1996 122 3,226 R783 R4,131 1 5 – 129 135 R4,266 1997 129 3,285 R736 R4,150 1 6 – 131 138 R4,289 1998 93 3,083 R695 R3,871 1 7 – 118 127 R3,998 1999 103 3,115 R699 R3,917 1 7 – 121 129 R4,045 2000 92 3,252 R798 R4,141 1 8 – 119 128 R4,269 2001 97 3,097 R781 R3,975 1 8 – 92 101 R4,076 42002 90 3,225 R717 R4,032 (s) 9 – 95 104 R4,136 42003 82 R3,261 R819 R4,162 1 11 – 101 113 R4,275 42004 103 R3,201 R801 R4,105 1 12 – 105 118 R4,223 42005 97 R3,073 R754 R3,924 1 14 – 105 119 R4,043 42006 65 2,902 R655 R3,622 1 14 – 102 117 R3,739 42007 70 R3,094 R642 R3,806 1 14 – 102 118 R3,923 42008 R69 R3,211 R638 R3,918 1 15 (s) R109 R125 R4,043 R42009P 61 3,187 600 3,849 1 17 (s) 108 125 3,974 4

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 5 Conventional hydroelectric power. 6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.

7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combin

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Ele

R

S

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Biomass Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 3,468 12,083 76 NA 468 544 12,627 1950 5,781 1 3,546 3,951 13,279 69 NA 532 602 13,881 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 5,111 15,421 38 NA 631 669 16,091 1960 4,543 -6 5,973 5,747 16,258 39 NA 680 719 16,977 1965 5,127 -18 7,339 6,789 19,236 33 NA 855 888 20,124 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 7,787 21,922 34 NA 1,019 1,053 22,975 1971 3,944 -33 9,892 7,856 21,659 34 NA 1,040 1,074 22,732 21972 3,993 -26 9,884 8,534 22,385 34 NA 1,113 1,147 23,532 21973 4,057 -7 10,388 9,104 23,541 35 NA 1,165 1,200 24,741 21974 3,870 56 10,004 8,694 22,624 33 NA 1,159 1,192 23,816 21975 3,667 14 8,532 8,146 20,359 32 NA 1,063 1,096 21,454 21976 3,661 (s) 8,762 9,010 21,432 33 NA 1,220 1,253 22,685 21977 3,454 15 8,635 9,774 21,879 33 NA 1,281 1,314 23,193 21978 3,314 125 8,539 9,867 21,845 32 NA 1,400 1,432 23,276 21979 3,593 63 8,549 10,568 22,773 34 NA 1,405 1,439 24,212 21980 3,155 -35 8,333 9,525 20,977 33 NA 1,600 1,633 22,610 21981 3,157 -16 8,185 8,285 19,610 33 NA 1,695 1,728 21,338 21982 2,552 -22 7,068 7,795 17,393 33 NA 1,650 1,683 R19,075 1983 2,490 -16 6,776 7,420 16,670 33 NA R1,874 1,908 R18,577 1984 2,842 -11 7,405 8,010 18,246 33 NA R1,918 R1,951 R20,197 1985 2,760 -13 7,032 7,738 17,516 33 NA R1,918 R1,951 R19,467 1986 2,641 -17 6,646 7,880 17,150 33 NA R1,915 R1,948 R19,098 1987 2,673 9 7,283 8,065 18,029 33 NA R1,914 R1,947 R19,976 1988 2,828 40 7,655 8,339 18,861 33 NA R1,989 R2,022 R20,883 1989 2,787 30 8,088 8,120 19,025 28 2 R1,841 R1,871 R20,896 1990 2,756 5 8,451 8,278 19,490 31 2 R1,684 R1,717 R21,207 1991 2,601 10 8,572 7,987 19,169 30 2 R1,652 R1,684 R20,853 1992 2,515 35 8,918 8,581 20,048 31 2 R1,705 R1,737 R21,785 1993 2,496 27 9,070 8,417 20,011 30 2 R1,741 R1,773 R21,783 1994 2,510 58 9,126 8,799 20,493 62 3 R1,862 R1,927 R22,421 1995 2,488 61 9,592 8,613 20,754 55 3 R1,934 R1,992 R22,746 1996 2,434 23 9,901 9,052 21,410 61 3 R1,969 R2,033 R23,442 1997 2,395 46 9,933 9,289 21,663 58 3 R1,996 R2,057 R23,720 1998 2,335 67 9,763 9,114 21,280 55 3 R1,872 R1,929 R23,209 1999 2,227 58 9,375 9,395 21,054 49 4 R1,882 R1,934 R22,989 2000 2,256 65 9,500 9,119 20,941 42 4 R1,881 R1,928 R22,869 2001 2,192 29 8,676 9,217 20,115 33 5 R1,681 R1,719 R21,833 2002 2,019 61 8,845 9,209 20,135 39 5 R1,676 R1,720 R21,855 2003 2,041 51 R8,488 9,232 R19,812 43 3 R1,679 R1,726 R21,538 2004 2,047 138 R8,536 R9,864 R20,585 33 4 R1,817 R1,853 R22,437 2005 1,954 44 R7,903 9,673 R19,575 32 4 R1,837 R1,873 R21,448 2006 1,914 61 7,846 R9,805 19,627 29 4 R1,897 R1,930 R21,557 2007 1,865 25 R8,090 9,486 R19,466 16 5 R1,944 R1,964 R21,430 2008 R1,796 41 R8,067 R8,547 R18,450 R17 5 R2,031 R2,053 R20,503 R2009P 1,396 -24 7,584 7,775 16,732 18 4 1,997 2,019 18,751 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 5 Conventional hydroelectric power. 6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, otherenergy service providers.

7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "E

section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less t

trillion Btu.

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combi

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.7, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, 
44 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Electricity

Retail

Sales 5

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 2

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 3 Petroleum 4 Total Biomass

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 1950 1,564 130 6,690 8,384 NA 8,384 23 1955 421 254 8,800 9,475 NA 9,475 20 1960 75 359 10,126 10,560 NA 10,560 10 1965 16 517 11,868 12,400 NA 12,400 10 1970 7 745 15,310 16,061 NA 16,061 11 1971 5 766 15,923 16,693 NA 16,693 10 1972 4 787 16,891 17,681 NA 17,681 10 1973 3 743 17,831 18,576 NA 18,576 11 1974 2 685 17,399 18,086 NA 18,086 10 1975 1 595 17,614 18,209 NA 18,209 10 1976 (s) 559 18,506 19,065 NA 19,065 10 1977 (s) 543 19,241 19,784 NA 19,784 10 1978 7 ( ) 539 20,041 20,580 NA 20,580 10 1979 7 ( ) 612 19,825 20,436 NA 20,436 10 1980 7 ( ) 650 19,009 19,658 NA 19,658 11 1981 7 ( ) 658 18,811 19,469 7 19,476 11 1982 7 ( ) 612 18,420 19,032 R18 R19,050 11 1983 7 ( ) 505 18,593 19,098 34 19,132 13 1984 7 ( ) 545 19,020 19,565 R41 R19,606 14 1985 7 ( ) 519 19,471 19,990 R50 R20,040 14 1986 7 ( ) 499 20,182 20,681 R57 R20,739 15 1987 7 ( ) 535 20,816 21,352 R66 R21,418 16 1988 7 ( ) 632 21,567 22,198 R67 R22,266 16 1989 7 ( ) 649 21,706 22,355 R68 R22,423 16 1990 7 ( ) 680 21,625 22,305 R60 R22,365 16 1991 7 ( ) 620 21,373 21,994 R70 R22,064 16 1992 7 ( ) 608 21,674 22,282 R80 R22,362 16 1993 7 ( ) 645 R21,975 R22,620 R94 R22,714 16 1994 7 ( ) 709 22,496 R23,204 R105 R23,309 17 1995 7 ( ) 724 22,954 23,678 R113 R23,790 17 1996 7 ( ) 737 R23,564 R24,301 R81 R24,382 17 1997 7 ( ) 780 R23,812 R24,592 R102 R24,694 17 1998 7 ( ) 666 R24,421 R25,087 R113 R25,200 17 1999 7 ( ) 675 R25,097 R25,773 R118 R25,891 17 2000 7 ( ) 672 R25,681 R26,353 R135 R26,488 18 2001 7 ( ) 658 R25,412 R26,070 R142 R26,212 20 2002 7 ( ) 702 R25,912 R26,614 R170 R26,783 19 2003 7 ( ) R627 R26,062 R26,689 R230 R26,919 23 2004 7 ( ) R602 R26,924 R27,526 R290 R27,816 25 2005 7 ( ) R624 R27,307 R27,931 R339 R28,270 26 2006 7 ( ) 625 R27,649 R28,274 R475 R28,749 25 2007 7 ( ) R665 R27,762 R28,427 R603 R29,030 28 2008 7 ( ) R694 R26,423 R27,117 R827 R27,944 26 2009P 7 ( ) 687 25,342 26,029 922 26,951 26 

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels—see Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous

Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily incompressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuel—see Table 6.5.

4 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass." 5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection. 7 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed fsector consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption 1

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 2

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Biomass 

1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 1,349 NA NA NA 6 1950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 NA NA NA 5 1955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 NA NA NA 3 1960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 1 NA NA 2 1965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 4 NA NA 3 21970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 11 NA NA 4 21971 7,299 4,099 2,495 13,893 413 2,790 12 NA NA 3 21972 7,811 4,084 3,097 14,992 584 2,829 31 NA NA 3 21973 8,658 3,748 3,515 15,921 910 2,827 43 NA NA 3 21974 8,534 3,519 3,365 15,418 1,272 3,143 53 NA NA 3 1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 70 NA NA 2 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 2,943 78 NA NA 3 1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 2,301 77 NA NA 5 21978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 2,905 64 NA NA 3 21979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 2,897 84 NA NA 5 21980 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867 110 NA NA 5 21981 12,583 3,730 2,202 18,516 3,008 2,725 123 NA NA 4 21982 12,582 3,312 1,568 17,462 3,131 3,233 105 NA NA 3 1983 13,213 2,972 1,544 17,729 3,203 3,494 129 NA (s) 4 1984 14,019 3,199 1,286 18,504 3,553 3,353 165 (s) (s) 9 1985 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937 198 (s) (s) 14 1986 14,444 2,670 1,452 18,566 4,380 3,038 219 (s) (s) 12 1987 15,173 2,916 1,257 19,346 4,754 2,602 229 (s) (s) 15 21988 15,850 2,693 1,563 20,106 5,587 2,302 217 (s) (s) 17 219897 16,137 3,173 1,703 21,013 5,602 2,808 308 3 22 232 1990 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014 326 4 29 317 1991 16,250 3,377 1,198 20,825 6,422 2,985 335 5 31 354 1992 16,466 3,512 991 20,968 6,479 2,586 338 4 30 402 1993 17,196 3,538 1,124 21,857 6,410 2,861 351 5 31 415 1994 17,261 3,977 1,059 22,297 6,694 2,620 325 5 36 434 1995 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149 280 5 33 422 1996 18,429 3,862 817 23,109 7,087 3,528 300 5 33 438 41997 18,905 4,126 927 23,957 6,597 3,581 309 5 34 446 41998 19,216 4,675 1,306 25,197 7,068 3,241 311 5 31 444 41999 19,279 4,902 1,211 25,393 7,610 3,218 312 5 46 453 42000 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768 296 5 57 453 2001 19,614 5,458 1,277 26,348 R8,029 2,209 289 6 70 337 2002 19,783 5,767 961 26,511 R8,145 2,650 305 6 105 380 2003 20,185 5,246 1,205 26,636 7,959 2,781 303 5 115 397 2004 20,305 5,595 1,212 27,112 8,222 2,656 311 6 142 388 2005 20,737 6,015 1,235 27,986 R8,161 2,670 309 6 178 406 2006 20,462 6,375 648 27,485 R8,215 2,839 306 5 264 412 2007 20,808 7,005 657 28,470 R8,455 2,430 308 6 341 423 2008 R20,513 R6,829 R468 R27,810 R8,427 R2,494 R314 R9 R546 R435 R2009P 18,296 7,039 390 25,725 8,349 2,663 320 8 697 426 4

1 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 2 See Table 10.2c for notes on series components. 3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6. 4 See Table 5.14c for series components. 5 Conventional hydroelectric power. 6 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andcategory whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electric"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and 
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code646 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Natural gas liquids.3 See “Breeze” in Glossary.4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.5 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.

6 See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries 

NAICS codes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.

5.9

2.9

2.4

1.4

0.3 0.3 0.1

Natural Gas Net LPG1 and NGL2 Coal Residual Coal Coke Distillate 

-2

0

2

468

10

0

-2

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil

Electricity Fuel Oil and Breeze3

1.2

0.1 0.2 0.1 (s) (s) 0.5

2.4

0.1

6.9

5.1

0.3

1.1

1.7

0.4 0.2 0.1 

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Manufacturing Group Coal

Coal Coke

and

Breeze 2 Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG 3

 and

NGL 4

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 5 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 147 1 638 16 3 26 251  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 20 0 41 1 1 3 30  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 32 0 65 (s) (s) 2 66  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 3 0 46 (s) 1 Q 20  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0 0 7 (s) (s) (s) 7  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 1 (s) (s) (s) 1  321 Wood Products ................................................................. Q Q 87 21 4 4 91  322 Paper ................................................................................ 221 0 474 13 5 91 247  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0 0 39 (s) 1 (s) 45  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 102 1 849 33 29 58 137  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 182 3 1,746 8 2,304 87 517  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... Q 0 128 3 5 9 182  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 320 11 460 30 5 3 147  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 373 253 627 7 4 19 458  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0 Q 240 2 5 (s) 143  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 1 0 84 2 3 Q 111  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0 0 45 1 (s) (s) 94  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) 0 42 Q 1 0 44  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 5 Q 249 3 5 7 195  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 3 0 17 Q 1 (s) 32  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0 0 25 (s) 1 Q 33  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,433 272 5,911 143 2,376 314 2,851 

1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 See "Breeze" in Glossary. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Natural gas liquids. 5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equalto 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which arenonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).

7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to

another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtra

8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, di

natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, min

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion B

standard error was greater than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for 

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy thproduced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form 

Consumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Rep
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 

By Selected End Use1By Energy Source48 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.3 Excludes coal coke and breeze.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Natural gas liquids.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.3.

1.7

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.2

(s)

Process Heating

Machine Drive

Facility HVAC2

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Electrochemical Processes

Facility Lighting

Conventional Electricity Generation

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 

5.5

2.9

1.0

0.3 0.1 

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal 3 Residual Distillate 

0

1

2

34567

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End 

End-Use Category

Net Electricity 1 Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil LPG 2 and NGL 3 Natural Gas 

Million Kilowatthours Million Barrels Billion Cubic Feet 

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 12,109 21 4 2 2,059 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 12,109 11 3 2 1,245  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .......................... – – 10 1 (s) 814 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 657,810 10 9 10 2,709  Process Heating ........................................................ 101,516 9 3 8 2,417  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 60,381 (s) (s) (s) 31  Machine Drive ............................................................. 422,408 (s) 4 (s) 126  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 60,323 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 13,181 (s) 1 1 136  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 157,829 1 9 7 426  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 77,768 1 1 1 367  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 58,013 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 17,644 (s) (s) (s) 29  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 2,197 – – 6 5 3  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 1 (s) 19  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 2,208 (s) 1 (s) 8 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 7,634 8 1 1 164 Total ................................................................................. 835,382 40 22 21 5,357 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ......................................... 41 133 23 8 2,119 

 Conventional Boiler Use ............................................. 41 71 17 8 1,281  CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ......................... – – 62 6 1 838 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ......................................................... 2,244 62 52 39 2,788  Process Heating ........................................................ 346 59 19 32 2,487  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ............................. 206 (s) 1 (s) 32  Machine Drive ............................................................. 1,441 2 24 2 129  Electrochemical Processes ........................................ 206 – – – – – – – –  Other Process Uses ................................................... 45 Q 8 5 140  All Non-Process Uses ................................................. 539 6 50 27 438  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ... 265 4 4 5 378  Facility Lighting ........................................................... 198 – – – – – – – –  Other Facility Support ................................................. 60 1 (s) (s) 30  Onsite Transportation ................................................. 7 – – 35 20 3  Conventional Electricity Generation ........................... – – (s) 4 (s) 19  Other Non-Process Use ............................................. 8 (s) 6 1 8 

End Use Not Reported ................................................... 26 49 4 5 168 Total ................................................................................. 2,850 251 129 79 5,512 

1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Natural gas liquids. 4 Excludes coal coke and breeze. 5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu). 6 Combined-heat-and-power plants. 7 Excludes steam and hot water.

– – = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the total consumption of en

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produquantities of energy that were originally produced offsite aestablishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. • Totals independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zwithheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 p

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form 

Consumption Survey."
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption by All Households, by Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-20051 Consumption per Household, by Cen50 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 For years not shown, there are no data available. Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fue

leum gases; data do not include wood. • For years not s

Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown through 

1987 forward are for the calendar year. • See Appendix C fo Source: Table 2.4.

10.6

9.7

9.3 9.3

8.6

9.0 9.1 9.2

10.0 10.3 9.9 10.6

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu2.52

2.91

Northeast Midwest 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

138

126

114112

102 105 101 98 104 101

92 95

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

0

50

100150

Million Btu

122

113

Northeast Midwest 

0

20406080

100120140

Million Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2005

 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 1 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

Northeast (total does not include wood) .............. 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 2.38 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 1.14 1.05 .94 1.01 .96 .93 1.03 1.03 1.11  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .39 .39 .41 .40 .37 .41 .44 .47 .47  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 .93 .83 .93 .87 .78 .78  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .03  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .26 .27 .24 .21 .17 .12 .14  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 122 

Midwest (total does not include wood) ................ 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 3.13 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88 2.07  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .60 .59 .60 .56 .56 .55 .61 .66 .74  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .46 .31 .17 .19 .16 .13 .16 .13 .13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .12 .10 .15 .13 .11 .13 .13 .13 .19  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .25 .25 .27 .27 .25 .17 .11  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 134 

South (total does not include wood) .................... 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 2.95 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .96 .91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03 1.18  Electricity 2 .......................................................... 1.00 .97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36 1.51  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .32 .28 .25 .14 .18 .16 .17 .11 .13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .15 .14 .14 .12 .12 .12 .12 .10 .13  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .23 .21 .33 .33 .26 .17 .17  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 88 

West (total does not include wood) ...................... 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 1.55 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ .95 .88 .86 .90 .85 .91 .88 .92 .91  Electricity 2 .......................................................... .48 .47 .41 .46 .41 .47 .48 .54 .56  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... .09 .09 .04 .03 .03 .04 .02 .02 .03  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .05 .03 .04  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .11 .13 .13 .17 .17 .12 .12  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 76 

United States (total does not include wood) ........ 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 10.01 

 Natural Gas ........................................................ 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86 5.27  Electricity 2 .......................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03 3.28  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ......................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04 1.07  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................ .33 .31 .35 .31 .29 .31 .32 .28 .38  Wood 3 ................................................................ NA NA .85 .87 .97 .98 .85 .58 .55  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ....... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 104 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. • For years not shown, there are

no data available. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data

for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • Totals may not eq

rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Adm

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form ESurvey."
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Consumption by Energy Source, 2005 Expenditures1, Selected Years, 1978-20052

Consumption1 by End Use, 2005 Consumption1 for Space Heating, 2005

52 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Does not include wood, which is used for both space heating and ambiance.2 For years not shown, there are no data available.3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.4 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.

5 Liquefied petroleum gases.6 Used for both space heating and ambiance.

Source: Table 2.5.

55

63

76 83 87

97 98

110

124

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 

0

50

100150200250

Billion Dollars3

4.8

4.4

0.9

0.5 0.4

Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil LPG Wood

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

4 6

4.30

3.25

2.12

0.88

Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air Conditioning

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

5

2.95

0.75

Natural Gas Fuel Oil Ele

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

4 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,

 Selected Years, 1978-2005

Year

Space Heating 1

Air

Conditioning 2 Water Heating Appliances 3,4 

Natural

Gas

Electricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Electricity 5 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 LPG 7 Natural Gas 2 El

tric

Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 0.31 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 1.46 0.03 5.58 21979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.31 21980 3.41 .27 1.30 .23 .36 1.15 .30 .22 .07 .36 1.54 .05 4.97 21981 3.69 .26 1.06 .21 .34 1.13 .30 .22 .06 .43 1.52 .05 5.27 21982 3.14 .25 1.04 .19 .31 1.15 .28 .15 .06 .43 1.50 .05 4.74 21984 3.51 .25 1.11 .21 .32 1.10 .32 .15 .06 .35 1.59 .04 4.98 21987 3.38 .28 1.05 .22 .44 1.10 .31 .17 .06 .34 1.72 .04 4.83 21990 3.37 .30 .93 .19 .48 1.16 .34 .11 .06 .33 1.91 .03 4.86 31993 3.67 .41 .95 .30 .46 1.31 .34 .12 .05 .29 2.08 .03 5.27 31997 3.61 .40 .91 .26 .42 1.29 .39 .16 .08 .37 2.33 .02 5.28 32001 3.32 .39 .62 .28 .62 1.15 .36 .13 .05 .37 2.52 .05 4.84 32005 2.95 .28 .75 .32 .88 1.41 .42 .14 .15 .43 2.77 .05 4.79 4

Expenditures (billion dollars 9)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 3.97 2.88 3.15 0.56 0.36 0.93 19.24 0.25 15.30 291979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 17.84 321980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 .57 1.91 26.74 .44 19.77 401981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 .51 2.17 29.70 .52 24.03 441982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 .54 2.58 31.29 .52 26.96 461984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 .58 2.31 36.36 .54 29.78 541987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 .94 .50 2.02 39.83 .46 26.15 611990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 .83 .65 2.03 46.95 .48 27.26 711993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 .74 .58 1.98 53.52 .42 32.04 811997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 .89 2.86 60.57 .36 35.81 882001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 .69 3.83 66.94 .86 46.98 1002005 31.97 7.42 10.99 6.35 25.26 15.57 11.13 2.00 3.28 4.80 80.92 1.37 52.37 124

1 Wood used for space heating is included in "Total Wood." 2 A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Total Natural Gas." 3 Includes refrigerators. 4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under

"Total." 5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu. 6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases. 8 Wood used for both space heating and ambience.

9 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" 

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, ther

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Adm

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form ESurvey."
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances

Share of Households With Selected Appliances and Electronics, 1980 and 2005Share of Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2005 Space Heating by Main 54 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Natural gas and electric.2 Not collected in 1980.3 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases.4 Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under “Central.”

5 Liquefied petroleum gases.6 Kerosene, coal, solar, other fuel, or no heat.

Source: Table 2.6.

100 99 99

88

83 79

68

100 99 98

14

74

61

3

Refrigerator Range/Stove/ Television Microwave Clothes Clothes Personal D

0

20406080

100

Percent

Dryer1

(

2

)

Oven1 Oven Washer Computer 

35

17

78

22

59

25

16

46

14

86

14

27 30

43

Range/Stove Clothes One Two or Central Window or None

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 2005

Air Conditioning Equipment4

Dryer

Natural Gas 52%

Refrigerator

More Wall Unit

Gas Appliances3

Oven System
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types and Appliances, Selected Years, 1978-2005

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 

Total Households (millions) .............. 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 101 

Percent of Households

Space Heating - Main Fuel

 Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53 52  Electricity 1 .......................................... 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26 29  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5  Distillate Fuel Oil ................................. 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 9  Wood .................................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 2  Other 2 or No Space Heating .............. 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 

Air Conditioning - Equipment

 Central System 3 ................................ 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44 47  Window/Wall Unit 3 ............................. 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25 25  None ................................................... 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 28 

Water Heating - Main Fuel

 Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 54 55 56 54 54 53 53 52  Electricity 1 .......................................... 33 33 32 33 32 33 35 37 38 39  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................ 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3  Distillate Fuel Oil ................................. 8 7 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 5  Other 2 or No Water Heating .............. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Appliances and Electronics

 Refrigerator 4 ...................................... 100 NA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100  One ................................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85 85  Two or More ..................................... 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 15  Separate Freezer ................................ 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35 33  Clothes Washer .................................. 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77 77  Clothes Dryer - Total .......................... 59 NA 61 61 60 62 66 69 70 71  Natural Gas ...................................... 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 14 15  Electric .............................................. 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57 55  Dishwasher ......................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45 50  Range/Stove/Oven ............................. 99 NA 99 100 99 99 99 100 100 99  Natural Gas ...................................... 48 NA 46 46 47 46 43 42 33 35  Electric .............................................. 53 NA 57 56 56 57 60 59 63 62  Microwave Oven ................................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84 83  Television ........................................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99  One or Two ....................................... NA NA 85 84 83 80 75 71 70 69  Three or More ................................... NA NA 14 14 15 18 23 28 28 29  Personal Computer ............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 35  One ................................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29  Two or More ..................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6 

1 Retail electricity. 2 Kerosene, solar, or other fuel. 3 Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central

System."

4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/eSources: • 1978 and 1979—U.S. Energy Information Ad

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form Survey."
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2007

By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total56 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Includes coal coke.

4 Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.

57

36

9 6

1 (

11

(s)

9

1

4

14

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Million Occupied Housing Units1

1950 2007

51

33

8 6

1 (

26

1

22

2

10

34

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal3 

0

204060

Percent

1950 2007
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2007

Year Coal 1

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Natural

Gas Electricity Wood Solar Other 2 

Million Occupied Housing Units

1950 14.48 9.46 4 ( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1960 6.46 17.16 4 ( ) 2.69 22.85 .93 2.24 NA .22 1970 1.82 16.47 4 ( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 .79 NA .27 1973 .80 17.24 4 ( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 .60 NA .15 1974 .74 16.84 4 ( ) 4.14 39.47 8.41 .66 NA .09 1975 .57 16.30 4 ( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 .85 NA .08 1976 .48 16.45 4 ( ) 4.24 41.22 10.15 .91 NA .09 1977 .45 15.62 .44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA .15 1978 .40 15.65 .42 4.13 42.52 12.26 1.07 NA .12 1979 .36 15.30 .41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA .10 1980 .33 14.50 .37 4.17 44.40 14.21 1.38 NA .11 1981 .36 14.13 .37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA .10 1983 5 .43 12.59 .45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA .16 1985 .45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 .05 .37 1987 .41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 .05 .28 1989 .34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 .04 .40 1991 .32 11.47 .99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 .03 .41 1993 .30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 .03 .50 1995 .21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 .02 .64 1997 .18 10.10 .75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 .03 .36 1999 .17 10.03 .72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 .02 .21 2001 6 .13 9.81 .65 6.04 54.13 32.41 1.67 .02 .19 2003 .13 9.50 .64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 .02 .16 2005 .10 9.38 .55 6.23 56.32 34.26 1.41 .02 .21 2007 .09 8.74 .57 6.10 56.68 36.08 1.47 .02 .46 

Percent

1950 33.8 22.1 4 ( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 1960 12.2 32.4 4 ( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA .4 1970 2.9 26.0 4 ( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA .4 1973 1.2 24.9 4 ( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 .9 NA .2 1974 1.0 23.8 4 ( ) 5.8 55.7 11.9 .9 NA .1 1975 .8 22.5 4 ( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA .1 1976 .7 22.2 4 ( ) 5.7 55.7 13.7 1.2 NA .1 1977 .6 20.7 .6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA .2 1978 .5 20.3 .5 5.4 55.1 15.9 1.4 NA .2 1979 .5 19.5 .5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA .1 1980 .4 18.1 .5 5.2 55.4 17.7 1.7 NA .1 1981 .4 17.0 .4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA .1 1983 5 .5 14.9 .5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA .2 1985 .5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 .1 .4 1987 .4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 .1 .3 1989 .4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) .4 1991 .3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) .4 1993 .3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) .5 1995 .2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) .7 1997 .2 10.2 .8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) .4 1999 .2 9.8 .7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) .2 2001 6 .1 9.3 .6 5.7 51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) .2 2003 .1 9.0 .6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) .1 2005 .1 8.6 .5 5.7 51.7 31.5 1.3 (s) .2 2007 .1 7.9 .5 5.5 51.2 32.6 1.3 (s) .4 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),

purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.

3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil." 5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey. 6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990

Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Notes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units 

more than one type of heating system are classified accordin• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.goSources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, C

forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for 2-5.
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy

All Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2008Mileage, 1966-2008 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2008 Fuel Economy, 1966-2058 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.2 Miles per gallon.3 Miles per vehicle.4 Gallons per vehicle.

5 Sport utility vehicle.6 Through 1989, includes motorcycles.

Source: Table 2.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100 Fue

Passenger Cars6

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs5

Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5

Heavy-Duty Trucks

Heavy-

Heavy-Duty Trucks

Passenger Cars6

Passenger 

1970 1980 1990 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1970 1980 

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-20

Year

Passenger Cars 1 Vans, Pickup Trucks, and Sport Utility Vehicles 2 Heavy-Duty Trucks 3 

Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mileage

Fuel

Consumption

Fuel

Economy Mile

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

Vehicle

Gallons

per Vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Miles per

vehicle

Gallons

per vehicle

Miles

per Gallon

Mile

Ve

1949 9,388 627 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,1950 9,060 603 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,1955 9,447 645 14.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,1960 9,518 668 14.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,1965 9,603 661 14.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,1970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,1971 10,097 743 13.6 9,082 888 10.2 14,117 2,519 5.6 10,1972 10,171 754 13.5 9,534 922 10.3 14,780 2,657 5.6 10,1973 9,884 737 13.4 9,779 931 10.5 15,370 2,775 5.5 10,1974 9,221 677 13.6 9,452 862 11.0 14,995 2,708 5.5 9,41975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,1976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,1977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,1978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,1979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,1980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,41981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,41982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,1983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,1984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,1985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,1986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,1987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,1988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,1989 110,157 1533 119.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,1990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,1991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,1992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,1993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,1994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,1995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,1996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,1997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,1998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,1999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,2000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,2001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,2002 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,2003 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,2004 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,2005 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,2006 12,485 554 22.5 10,920 612 17.8 25,231 4,304 5.9 12,2007 R12,304 547 22.5 R10,962 609 18.0 R25,152 R4,275 5.9 R11,2008P 11,788 522 22.6 10,951 605 18.1 25,254 4,075 6.2 11,

1 Through 1989, includes motorcycles. 2 Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. 3 Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. 4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed. 5 Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www

information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/index.h

Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department o

Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summaforward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003By Census Region, 200360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error 

fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 19

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

Fuel Oil2

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2 

0.5

0.8

0.5 0.4

0.6

0.8

1.5

0.6

Northeast Midwest South West 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity1 Natural Gas Fuel Oil2 District Heat

(s) (s) (s) Q
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003

 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Ce

1,001 to

10,000

10,001 to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and Service Office

All

Other Northeast Mid

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,1989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,1992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,1995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,

1999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,2003 ................ 1,248 2,553 2,721 820 251 427 594 510 1,333 1,134 1,455 1,396 1,

Electricity 5

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 1989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 1992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 1995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 

1999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 2003 ................ 685 1,405 1,469 371 208 217 248 235 883 719 679 587 

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 1989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 1992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 1995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 

1999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 2003 ................ 482 909 709 268 39 203 243 215 403 269 460 462 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 

1999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 2003 ................ 71 74 83 47 Q Q 11 35 41 18 68 181 

District Heat 7

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 1989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 1992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 1995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 

1999 ................ Q 158 213 117 Q Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 2003 ................ Q 165 460 134 NC Q Q Q Q 128 247 166 

1 See Appendix C for map of Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Included in "Food Service." 4 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and parking garages. 5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are fo

"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas,buildings using any of those fuels.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administrati

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial 
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selecte

Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per SquaSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per SquaEnergy Source Used62 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: For years not shown, there are no data available. Source: Table 2.10.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Buildings

1979 1983 1986 

0

255075

100125

Thousand Btu

Fuel Oil2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

District Heat District Heat

Natural Gas Natural Gas

Electricity1

Fuel Oil2 

Fuel Oil2

Electricity1

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet

1979 1983 1986 

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Dollars3

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999 2003

0

306090

Billion Dollars3

Natural Gas Fuel Oil2

Fuel O

Electricity1

Electricity1

Natural Gas

District Heat

District Heat
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Yea

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption Energ

Number of

Buildings

Total

Square Feet

Square Feet

per Building Total

Per

Building

Per

Square Foot

Per

Employee Total

Per

Buildin

Thousands Millions Thousands Trillion Btu Million Btu Thousand Btu Million Btu Million Dollars 1 Thousand D

Major Sources 2

1979 ...................... 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 11.0 1983 ...................... 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 17.5 1986 ...................... 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 14.6 1989 ...................... 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 15.6 1992 ...................... 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 14.9 1995 3 ................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 15.3 

1999 ...................... 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17.5 2003 ...................... 4,859 71,658 14.7 6,523 1,342 91.0 5 ( ) 107,897 22.2 

Electricity 4

1979 ...................... 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 7.9 1983 ...................... 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12.9 1986 ...................... 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 11.9 1989 ...................... 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 13.0 1992 ...................... 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 12.5 1995 3 ................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 13.0 

1999 ...................... 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15.1 2003 ...................... 4,617 70,181 15.2 3,559 771 50.7 5 ( ) 82,783 17.9 

Natural Gas

1979 ...................... 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 3.1 1983 ...................... 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6.0 1986 ...................... 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 3.8 1989 ...................... 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 3.8 1992 ...................... 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 3.7 1995 3 ................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 3.6 

1999 ...................... 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4.0 2003 ...................... 2,538 48,473 19.1 2,100 828 43.3 5 ( ) 16,010 6.3 

Fuel Oil 6

1979 ...................... 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 4.3 1983 ...................... 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 4.8 1986 ...................... 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 3.9 1989 ...................... 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 3.1 1992 ...................... 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 2.5 1995 3 ................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 1.9 

1999 ...................... 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2.2 2003 ...................... 465 16,265 35.0 228 490 14.0 5 ( ) 1,826 3.9 

District Heat 7

1979 ...................... 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 26.9 1983 ...................... 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 41.2 1986 ...................... 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 33.8 1989 ...................... 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 39.3 1992 ...................... 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 30.7 1995 3 ................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 28.3 

1999 ...................... 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30.4 2003 ...................... 67 5,576 83.0 636 9,470 114.0 5 ( ) 7,279 108.4 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. 3 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages. 4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses. 5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003. 6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are fo

major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no majo

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1979—U.S. Energy Information Administrati

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form Consumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989 forward—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial 
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End UseBy Principal Building Activity64 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1,340

481 436

381

167 156

88 69 

Lighting Cooling Ventilation Refrigeration Space Computers Water Office 

0

500

1,0001,500

Trillion Btu

Heating Heating Equipment

and Storage Assembly

733 719

371

248 244 235 217 208

167 

Mercantile Office Education Health Care Warehouse Lodging Food Service Food Sales Public 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)All Other Building Activities Cooling Lighting

1 Examples of “other” include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,

hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; signmotors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.

2 Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and bu

the other named categories.

Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, exc

losses.

Source: Table 2.11.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

 (Trillion Btu)

End Use

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Office

Equipment Comput

All Buildings .................................... 167 481 436 88 1,340 24 381 69 156 Principal Building Activity

 Education ...................................... 15 74 83 11 113 2 16 4 32  Food Sales ................................... 6 12 7 Q 46 2 119 2 2  Food Service ................................ 10 28 24 10 42 13 70 2 2  Health Care .................................. 6 34 42 2 105 1 8 4 10  Inpatient ..................................... 3 25 38 2 76 1 4 2 7  Outpatient .................................. 3 9 4 (s) 28 (s) 4 2 3  Lodging ......................................... 14 24 14 12 124 2 12 Q 6  Mercantile ..................................... 58 109 68 38 308 2 49 8 11  Retail (Other Than Mall) ............ 6 25 16 2 111 (s) 22 3 4  Enclosed and Strip Malls ........... 52 84 51 36 197 2 27 5 8  Office ............................................ 33 101 63 7 281 1 35 32 74  Public Assembly ........................... 5 35 63 (s) 27 (s) 9 Q 3  Public Order and Safety ............... 2 8 10 3 18 (s) 3 1 2  Religious Worship ......................... 3 11 5 (s) 17 (s) 6 (s) 1  Service .......................................... 6 15 24 (s) 63 Q 9 1 3  Warehouse and Storage ............... 5 13 20 2 132 Q 36 2 5  Other 2 .......................................... 2 16 11 Q 59 Q 10 Q 5  Vacant .......................................... 1 2 1 Q 4 Q (s) Q (s) 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: • Data are estimates for electricity consumption, exclu

• One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercial B

2003," Table E3A.
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note 1. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses arecalculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electricpower sector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retailsales—see Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electricpower plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy intomechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamicallynecessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output

losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivsolar, and wind energy sources, since there is no ge

measuring those thermal conversion rates. In adother losses include power plant use of electricity, trelectricity from power plants to end-use consumers unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocaproportion to each sector's share of total electricithirds of total energy input is lost in conversion. Cated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use 

mission and distribution.

66 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Financial Indicators

3
Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Prices, 1949-2009Fossil Fuel Composite Price2, Change From Previous Year, 1950-200968 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Fossil Fuel Composite

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Based on real prices. 

Source: Table 3.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

1416

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Million Btu Crude Oil

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-60-40-20

0

204060

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Foss

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 

1949 0.21 R1.45 0.05 R0.37 0.44 R3.02 0.26 1950 .21 R1.41 .06 R.43 .43 R2.96 .26 1955 .19 R1.12 .09 R.54 .48 R2.88 .27 1960 .19 R1.04 .13 R.68 .50 R2.67 .28 1965 .18 R.92 .15 R.73 .49 R2.48 .28 1970 .27 R1.09 .15 R.63 .55 R2.26 .32 1971 .30 R1.19 .16 R.64 .58 R2.29 .34 1972 .33 R1.24 .17 R.65 .58 R2.19 .35 1973 .37 R1.31 .20 R.72 .67 R2.39 .40 1974 .69 R2.24 .27 R.89 1.18 R3.86 .68 1975 .85 R2.52 .40 R1.20 1.32 R3.94 .82 1976 .86 R2.41 .53 R1.50 1.41 R3.98 .90 1977 .88 R2.34 .72 R1.92 1.48 R3.91 1.01 1978 .98 R2.43 .84 R2.07 1.55 R3.84 1.12 1979 1.06 R2.42 1.08 R2.47 2.18 R4.98 1.42 1980 1.10 R2.30 1.45 R3.03 3.72 R7.80 2.04 1981 1.18 R2.27 1.80 R3.44 5.48 R10.49 2.75 1982 1.23 R2.21 2.22 R4.01 4.92 R8.87 2.76 1983 1.18 R2.05 2.32 R4.03 4.52 R7.84 2.70 1984 1.16 R1.95 2.40 R4.01 4.46 R7.47 2.65 1985 1.15 R1.87 2.26 R3.67 4.15 R6.75 2.51 1986 1.09 R1.73 1.75 R2.78 2.16 R3.43 1.65 1987 1.05 R1.63 1.50 R2.32 2.66 R4.10 1.70 1988 1.01 R1.51 1.52 R2.28 2.17 R3.24 1.53 1989 1.00 R1.44 1.53 R2.20 2.73 R3.93 1.67 1990 1.00 R1.38 1.55 R2.14 3.45 R4.78 1.84 1991 .99 R1.33 1.48 R1.98 2.85 R3.82 1.67 1992 .97 R1.27 1.57 R2.05 2.76 R3.60 1.66 1993 .93 R1.19 1.84 R2.36 2.46 R3.14 1.67 1994 .91 R1.14 1.67 R2.10 2.27 R2.85 1.53 1995 .88 R1.08 1.40 R1.72 2.52 R3.09 1.47 1996 .87 R1.04 1.96 R2.36 3.18 R3.83 1.82 1997 .85 R1.01 2.10 R2.48 2.97 R3.51 1.81 1998 .83 R.97 1.77 R2.07 1.87 R2.19 1.41 1999 .79 R.91 1.98 R2.28 2.68 R3.09 1.65 2000 .80 R.90 3.32 R3.75 4.61 R5.20 2.60 2001 .84 R.92 3.62 R3.99 3.77 R4.15 2.53 2002 .87 R.94 2.67 R2.90 3.88 R4.21 2.21 2003 .87 R.93 4.41 R4.69 4.75 R5.05 3.09 2004 .98 R1.01 R4.95 R5.11 6.34 R6.55 3.61 2005 1.16 R1.16 R6.64 R6.64 8.67 R8.67 R4.74 2006 1.24 R1.20 5.79 R5.61 10.29 R9.97 4.73 2007 1.29 R1.21 R5.66 R5.33 11.47 R10.80 R4.95 2008 R1.55 R1.43 R7.24 R6.67 16.21 R14.95 R6.52 2009P 1.65 1.50 3.37 3.07 9.72 8.86 3.97 

1 Free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point of first sale,

excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

2 Wellhead prices (converted to dollars per million Btu using marketed production heat contents). See

"Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production ofeach fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 7 Based on real values.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less 

percent. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Imports, and Exports

Overview, 1949-2009 Production by Fuel, 1949-2009Overview, 200970 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Production

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125150175200

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250300350400450

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1 Production Cr

Coa

Exports

Imports

226

269

55

Production Imports Exports

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Nominal Dollars2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3,4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nom

1949 2.52 R17.38 0.33 R2.24 4.68 R32.30 1950 2.91 R19.86 .44 R3.00 4.95 R33.83 1955 2.30 R13.88 .94 R5.67 6.88 R41.49 11960 2.10 R11.28 1.79 R9.61 7.42 R39.88 11965 2.40 R12.04 2.57 R12.88 8.15 R40.90 11970 3.88 R15.97 3.73 R15.32 11.19 R46.00 11971 4.01 R15.71 4.05 R15.86 11.71 R45.86 11972 4.65 R17.46 4.28 R16.07 11.71 R43.98 21973 5.14 R18.29 4.98 R17.72 13.07 R46.51 21974 9.65 R31.47 6.48 R21.13 22.00 R71.75 31975 12.67 R37.74 8.85 R26.36 23.45 R69.86 41976 13.40 R37.75 11.57 R32.61 24.37 R68.68 41977 13.91 R36.84 15.82 R41.91 25.79 R68.31 51978 14.65 R36.26 18.18 R44.99 28.60 R70.80 61979 18.55 R42.39 24.16 R55.20 39.45 R90.16 81980 20.45 R42.83 32.09 R67.19 67.93 R142.26 121981 21.75 R41.64 39.51 R75.66 99.40 R190.32 161982 22.84 R41.22 45.71 R82.49 90.03 R162.47 151983 20.32 R35.27 43.73 R75.92 83.05 R144.17 141984 22.94 R38.39 48.69 R81.47 84.10 R140.72 151985 22.27 R36.16 43.35 R70.40 78.88 R128.11 141986 21.18 R33.65 32.71 R51.97 39.63 R62.98 91987 21.20 R32.73 29.11 R44.95 46.93 R72.46 91988 20.97 R31.31 30.28 R45.21 37.48 R55.95 81989 21.40 R30.78 30.58 R43.99 44.07 R63.40 91990 22.39 R31.01 31.80 R44.04 53.77 R74.48 101991 21.40 R28.63 30.39 R40.65 44.77 R59.89 91992 20.98 R27.41 32.56 R42.54 41.97 R54.84 91993 18.77 R23.99 38.72 R49.50 35.61 R45.52 91994 20.06 R25.12 36.46 R45.65 32.07 R40.15 81995 19.45 R23.86 30.24 R37.08 35.00 R42.93 81996 19.68 R23.69 42.99 R51.74 43.68 R52.57 101997 19.77 R23.38 46.09 R54.51 40.57 R47.99 101998 19.75 R23.09 39.12 R45.75 24.80 R29.01 81999 18.30 R21.09 43.37 R49.99 33.40 R38.50 92000 18.02 R20.32 74.33 R83.85 56.93 R64.22 142001 19.60 R21.62 82.28 R90.77 46.25 R51.02 142002 19.68 R21.36 58.66 R63.68 47.21 R51.25 122003 19.13 R20.33 97.47 R103.59 57.14 R60.73 172004 22.16 R22.90 106.57 R110.12 72.93 R75.36 202005 26.69 R26.69 138.74 R138.74 95.03 R95.03 262006 29.25 R28.33 124.03 R120.12 111.16 R107.65 262007 30.04 R28.28 R126.23 R118.84 122.96 R115.77 R272008 R36.62 R33.76 R169.07 R155.85 R170.38 R157.06 R372009P 35.31 32.17 81.22 73.99 109.29 99.56 22

1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal

at the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.

2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas

Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First

Purchase Price" in Glossary.

5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2007 By Energy Type, 2007Prices3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2007 By Petroleum Product, 200772 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Gasoline Fuel Oil

$18.23 in 2007

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

Prior to 2001, also includes non-biomass waste. 3 Based on nominal dollars.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and roa

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, specineous petroleum products.

Source: Table 3.3.

Electricity

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

1518

21

Dollars1 per Million Btu

26.84

19.45

9.30

3.3

Retail Petroleum Natural Biom

05

1015202530

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Gas 

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

1620

Index: 1970=1.00 Natural Gas

Petroleum

21.97

19.82

18.84

16.0

Motor Distillate LPG Jet Fu

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Nuclear Fuel

Coal

Biomass2

4
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007

 (Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 2

S

Coal 

Natural

Gas 3

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 8 Total 9,10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4 LPG 5

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 7 Total

1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73 1.46 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72 0.18 1.29 1.08 1971 .42 .63 1.22 .77 1.49 2.90 .58 1.45 1.79 .18 1.31 1.15 1972 .45 .68 1.22 .79 1.52 2.88 .62 1.49 1.78 .18 1.33 1.18 1973 .48 .73 1.46 .92 2.02 3.10 .75 1.58 1.97 .19 1.39 1.29 1974 .88 .89 2.44 1.58 2.81 4.32 1.82 2.60 3.06 .20 1.50 1.94 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 2.97 4.65 1.93 2.94 3.35 .24 1.50 2.19 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 3.21 4.84 1.90 3.08 3.47 .25 1.53 2.34 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 3.65 5.13 2.14 3.27 3.73 .27 1.58 2.58 1978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87 3.60 5.24 2.08 3.45 3.84 .30 1.61 2.71 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 4.50 7.11 2.83 4.70 5.23 .34 1.88 3.47 1980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36 5.64 9.84 3.88 7.04 7.40 .43 2.26 4.57 1981 1.64 R3.43 8.03 7.57 6.18 10.94 4.91 8.67 8.68 .48 2.52 5.25 1982 1.73 R4.23 7.78 7.23 6.66 10.39 4.65 7.87 8.40 .54 2.60 5.33 1983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53 7.17 9.12 4.50 7.60 7.77 .58 2.44 5.12 1984 1.71 R4.75 7.37 6.25 6.93 8.89 4.75 R7.72 7.68 .67 2.53 R5.04 1985 1.69 4.61 7.22 5.91 6.55 9.01 4.30 7.55 7.63 .71 2.47 4.92 1986 1.62 4.07 5.68 3.92 6.44 6.79 2.37 5.80 5.73 .70 2.12 3.97 1987 1.53 3.77 5.97 4.03 6.07 7.23 2.86 5.63 6.04 .71 2.07 4.00 1988 1.50 R3.78 5.83 3.80 5.88 7.33 2.35 5.26 5.91 .73 2.09 3.89 1989 1.48 3.82 6.43 4.39 5.54 8.02 2.72 5.50 6.43 .70 1.42 4.07 1990 1.49 R3.82 7.68 5.68 6.77 9.12 3.17 5.82 7.47 .67 1.32 4.46 1991 1.48 3.74 7.29 4.83 6.81 8.93 2.62 5.74 7.20 .63 1.39 4.29 1992 1.45 3.83 7.09 4.52 6.21 8.96 2.28 5.52 7.07 .59 1.32 4.24 1993 1.42 4.10 7.08 4.29 6.23 8.83 2.26 5.50 7.01 .56 1.28 4.26 1994 1.39 R4.08 6.99 3.95 6.66 8.96 2.32 5.47 7.06 .56 1.39 4.27 1995 1.37 3.73 6.98 4.00 6.56 9.22 2.46 5.74 7.29 .54 1.40 4.23 1996 1.33 4.25 7.87 4.82 8.03 9.85 2.80 6.19 8.02 .51 1.25 4.63 1997 1.32 R4.53 7.66 4.53 7.43 9.81 2.93 5.88 7.86 .51 1.15 4.66 1998 1.29 4.13 6.57 3.35 6.01 8.45 2.15 5.04 6.64 .50 1.27 4.08 1999 1.27 R4.16 7.19 4.01 6.65 9.31 2.51 5.30 7.33 .48 1.34 4.37 2000 1.24 5.62 9.86 6.64 R9.61 12.01 4.32 6.97 R9.86 .46 1.58 R5.72 2001 1.29 6.87 9.17 5.72 9.61 11.35 3.99 6.36 9.32 .44 2.08 5.83 2002 1.30 5.27 8.63 5.33 8.15 10.67 3.91 6.54 8.82 .43 2.19 5.24 2003 1.32 7.00 10.04 6.46 10.41 12.34 4.75 7.55 10.31 .42 1.98 6.26 2004 1.41 R7.95 R12.22 8.93 12.33 14.57 4.92 8.48 12.22 .42 2.17 7.36 2005 1.62 R9.92 16.40 12.86 R14.66 17.83 6.65 10.83 15.50 .43 R3.10 9.22 2006 1.78 9.62 18.52 14.80 16.95 20.27 R7.93 13.16 17.89 .44 R3.14 R10.19 2007 1.88 9.30 19.82 16.01 18.84 21.97 8.56 14.97 19.45 .46 3.35 10.74 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includes

kerosene-type jet fuel only.

5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 7 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2007, coal coke

imports averaged 7.84 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 3.66 dollars per million Btu.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel

ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary busin

heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities onutilities and independent power producers.

12 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price 

fuel, wood, waste, and electricity imports.

13 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported 

other energy service providers.

14 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy a

sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation); sector.

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available. 

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Ener

(August 2009), U.S. Table 1. 
Figure 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007

By Sector Residential Sector by Major SourceCommercial Sector by Major Source Industrial Sector by Major Source74 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

21.64 20.74

11.89

20.59

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

31.22

21.87

Retail Petroleum 

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity 

18.71

15.75

8.28

Retail Petroleum Natural 

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

28.27

17.45

10.97

Retail Petroleum Natural

05

101520253035

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity Gas Gas Electricity

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent pri

they include taxes where data are available. • There are no geothermal, wind, or solar energy. 

Source: Table 3.4.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007

 (Dollars 1 per Million Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6,7 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 8

Retail

Electricity 

1970 1.06 1.56 6.51 2.10 0.75 0.90 6.09 1.98 0.45 0.38 0.98 1.59 2.99 1971 1.12 1.61 6.80 2.24 .80 1.01 6.44 2.16 .50 .41 1.05 1.59 3.22 1972 1.18 1.63 7.09 2.37 .86 1.04 6.71 2.33 .55 .46 1.05 1.59 3.40 1973 1.26 2.11 7.44 2.72 .91 1.20 7.06 2.56 .63 .50 1.18 1.60 3.66 1974 1.42 2.87 9.09 3.38 1.05 2.25 8.91 3.41 1.22 .67 2.24 1.60 4.95 1975 1.67 3.04 10.29 3.81 1.32 2.39 10.11 4.08 1.50 .95 2.46 1.60 6.07 1976 1.94 3.26 10.93 4.13 1.61 2.49 10.82 4.39 1.50 1.21 2.57 1.60 6.48 1977 2.30 3.66 11.87 4.77 2.00 2.84 11.99 5.13 1.56 1.48 2.84 1.59 7.33 1978 2.52 3.79 12.63 5.13 2.20 2.92 12.78 5.51 1.73 1.66 2.96 1.60 8.18 1979 2.92 5.33 13.60 6.00 2.69 4.15 13.72 6.28 1.75 1.96 3.99 1.60 8.94 1980 3.60 7.26 15.71 R7.46 R3.32 5.64 16.06 R7.85 1.87 R2.52 5.75 1.67 10.81 1981 R4.19 8.68 18.17 R8.82 R3.91 7.00 18.44 R9.49 2.06 3.07 6.84 1.67 12.57 1982 R5.05 8.69 20.11 R9.78 4.70 6.65 20.11 R10.37 2.09 3.80 6.51 1.67 14.51 1983 5.88 8.43 21.04 R10.66 R5.43 6.51 20.57 R10.94 1.91 4.10 6.57 1.67 14.54 1984 5.95 8.47 20.96 R10.66 5.40 6.49 20.89 R11.14 1.91 R4.13 6.56 1.67 14.16 1985 5.94 8.17 21.66 R10.91 5.34 6.38 21.30 R11.65 1.90 R3.87 6.29 1.67 14.57 1986 R5.67 6.82 21.75 R10.75 4.94 4.32 21.10 R11.22 1.80 R3.20 4.92 1.65 14.45 1987 R5.39 6.66 21.82 R10.71 4.64 4.65 20.44 R10.98 1.67 2.88 4.96 1.65 13.98 1988 R5.32 6.63 21.92 R10.66 4.51 4.38 20.34 R10.82 1.68 R2.90 4.62 1.65 13.78 1989 5.47 7.59 22.41 R11.02 4.61 4.99 20.77 R11.27 1.68 2.93 4.69 1.20 13.85 1990 5.63 8.75 22.96 R11.88 4.70 5.95 21.20 R11.89 1.69 2.95 5.48 .99 13.92 1991 5.66 8.56 23.57 R12.08 4.69 5.44 21.73 R12.07 1.67 2.80 5.31 1.14 14.18 1992 5.73 7.89 24.06 R11.98 R4.75 5.23 22.15 R12.17 1.69 2.91 5.00 1.13 14.18 1993 5.99 7.73 24.40 R12.28 5.08 5.00 22.40 R12.58 1.63 3.12 4.93 1.12 14.22 1994 6.23 7.81 24.57 R12.63 5.35 4.89 22.35 R12.74 1.62 R3.09 5.04 1.15 14.00 1995 R5.89 7.75 24.63 R12.63 4.94 4.97 22.29 R12.64 1.63 R2.80 5.20 1.21 13.68 1996 R6.16 8.92 24.50 R12.73 5.26 6.01 22.17 R12.78 1.62 3.30 6.04 1.01 13.49 1997 6.75 8.91 24.71 R13.29 5.67 5.92 22.03 R13.05 1.62 3.53 5.68 1.01 13.29 1998 6.61 7.88 24.21 R13.48 5.38 4.88 21.48 R13.07 1.58 3.16 4.54 1.24 13.13 1999 R6.50 8.10 23.93 R13.19 5.22 5.35 21.01 R12.87 1.58 R3.21 5.07 1.38 12.98 2000 7.64 11.53 24.14 R14.27 R6.56 8.09 21.52 R13.93 1.55 4.61 R7.26 1.43 13.60 2001 R9.42 11.65 25.16 R15.68 8.32 7.64 22.99 R15.56 1.63 5.71 6.75 1.95 14.78 2002 7.71 10.37 24.75 R14.71 6.49 6.96 22.81 R14.68 1.75 R4.37 6.43 2.11 14.30 2003 9.23 12.30 25.56 R15.85 8.02 8.38 23.54 R15.61 1.74 6.03 7.78 1.62 14.97 2004 10.52 13.83 26.22 R17.11 R9.24 9.89 23.95 R16.60 1.99 7.08 9.32 1.79 15.38 2005 12.34 17.29 27.68 R19.22 R10.96 13.47 25.40 R18.59 2.56 9.07 11.85 2.73 16.77 2006 R13.34 R19.88 30.49 R21.55 R11.59 15.84 27.72 20.64 2.83 R8.75 14.14 R2.65 18.02 2007 12.69 21.87 31.22 21.64 10.97 17.45 28.27 20.74 2.91 8.28 15.75 2.52 18.71 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,

other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal, and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed. 

Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum

data for those years.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; exclu

2000, also includes non-biomass waste. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not sepa

10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are n

R=Revised. Notes: • Prices include taxes where data are available

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Ene

(August 2009), U.S. Tables 2-5. 
Figure 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2007 By Energy Type, 2007Expenditures3 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2007 By Petroleum Product, 200776 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.3 Based on nominal dollars.4 Liquefied petroleum gases.

5 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubr

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous 

Source: Table 3.5.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas

$1,233 billion in 2007

740

341

196

43 

Petroleum Retail Natural Coa

0

100200300400500600700800

Billion Dollars1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

1620

Index: 1970=1.00

Gasoline 

Retail

Electricity

389

177

54 51

Motor Distillate Jet Fuel LPG 

0

100200300400500

Billion Dollars1

Petroleum

Natural

Gas

Coal

Fuel Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2007

 (Million Dollars 1

)

Year

Primary Energy 2

Se

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 3

Natural

Gas 4

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel Biomass 9 Total 10

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5 LPG 6

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 8 Total

1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 2,446 31,596 2,046 4,172 47,955 44 438 63,923 1971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 2,531 33,478 2,933 4,449 51,864 73 446 69,360 1972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 2,889 35,346 3,458 4,777 55,702 104 476 74,947 1973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 3,933 39,667 4,667 5,318 65,109 177 502 86,106 1974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208 5,273 54,194 10,547 8,284 96,723 259 544 125,341 1975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 5,231 59,446 10,374 8,493 103,416 448 534 137,712 1976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 5,993 64,977 11,648 9,925 115,513 520 622 156,003 1977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 6,824 70,591 14,381 11,790 131,106 743 694 177,952 1978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 6,621 74,513 13,747 13,348 138,021 915 782 191,196 1979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 9,383 95,916 17,656 18,785 183,197 941 964 246,963 1980 22,607 -78 R51,061 40,797 13,923 10,926 124,408 21,573 26,049 237,676 1,189 1,232 R314,279 R1981 26,159 -31 R60,544 48,200 15,607 11,900 138,138 22,668 28,571 265,084 1,436 1,429 R355,696 R1982 26,349 -52 R68,292 44,087 14,974 12,925 130,305 17,632 22,447 242,372 1,684 1,510 R341,397 R1983 26,987 -44 R72,000 41,846 13,979 14,083 115,803 14,099 21,573 221,382 1,859 1,517 R325,253 R1984 29,025 -22 R77,169 44,668 15,097 14,143 114,429 14,410 R22,812 R225,557 2,384 1,608 R337,413 R1985 29,678 -34 R72,938 43,972 14,747 13,579 118,048 11,493 22,088 223,928 2,878 1,597 R332,921 R1986 27,855 -40 R59,702 35,113 10,505 12,726 91,529 7,486 17,647 175,005 3,061 1,352 R268,633 R1987 27,532 7 R58,019 37,729 11,448 12,887 99,864 8,062 17,687 187,677 3,378 1,300 R280,012 R1988 28,333 116 R61,089 38,776 11,318 12,806 103,323 7,259 16,779 190,260 4,057 1,378 R286,915 R1989 28,284 137 R66,198 43,159 13,434 12,187 112,720 8,357 17,060 206,917 3,939 2,270 R309,108 R1990 28,602 22 R65,278 49,335 17,784 13,715 126,558 8,721 19,255 235,368 4,104 1,997 R336,475 R1991 28,129 44 R65,956 45,269 14,609 14,976 123,118 6,784 18,231 222,987 4,073 2,165 R324,544 R1992 27,776 126 R70,086 45,019 13,559 14,213 125,249 5,585 18,363 221,988 3,802 2,194 R327,344 R1993 28,229 96 R77,052 45,732 13,002 14,018 126,560 5,449 18,318 223,079 3,597 2,193 R334,953 R1994 27,715 214 R78,581 47,002 12,474 16,361 130,068 5,296 18,701 229,901 3,777 2,521 R343,724 R1995 27,431 234 R75,020 47,533 R12,526 16,306 136,647 4,676 19,218 236,905 3,810 2,938 R347,245 R1996 28,028 156 R86,904 56,455 15,770 21,208 148,344 5,313 21,086 268,176 3,624 2,668 R390,501 R1997 28,277 170 R93,382 55,922 15,000 19,905 149,668 5,206 21,578 267,279 3,369 2,425 R395,888 R1998 27,888 188 R83,620 48,350 11,239 15,388 132,730 4,280 19,912 231,898 3,555 2,477 R350,687 R1999 27,310 140 R84,960 54,565 13,878 19,184 149,260 4,686 21,221 262,793 3,643 2,659 R382,785 R2000 28,080 146 R119,094 78,182 23,777 R28,156 193,947 8,870 26,208 R359,140 3,628 3,194 R516,064 R2001 28,202 82 R139,388 74,920 19,602 25,734 185,892 7,266 22,911 336,325 3,524 3,494 R513,705 R2002 28,511 180 R111,368 69,228 17,802 23,148 179,511 6,156 23,996 319,841 3,504 4,005 R468,533 R2003 29,402 169 R144,489 83,768 21,096 28,400 209,592 8,325 27,786 378,967 3,362 3,599 R561,358 R2004 31,764 1,125 R162,702 R105,627 30,219 34,662 253,218 9,717 34,911 R468,354 3,445 3,692 R672,697 R2005 36,932 633 R200,303 R143,528 44,679 R39,100 R311,094 13,951 43,552 R595,905 3,469 R5,896 R845,651 R2006 R40,005 509 R190,382 R164,122 50,007 R45,604 R357,129 R12,432 R52,154 R681,448 3,637 R6,120 R924,622 R2007 42,673 347 196,482 176,770 53,754 51,315 388,561 14,113 55,343 739,856 3,871 6,417 992,846 -

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector. 3 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"

and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, FT600 series. 4 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 5 Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005, includeskerosene-type jet fuel only.

6 Liquefied petroleum gases. 7 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum

coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

9 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

10 Includes electricity imports, which are not separately displayed. For 1981-1992, also includes fuel

ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the motor gasoline data for those years.

11 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry

Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to s

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning independent power producers.

12 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural g

and electricity imports. Values are negative so the columns will su

13 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, repor

1996, other energy service providers.

14 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity by 

commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditures 

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are availab

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Energ

(August 2009), U.S. Table 1. 
Figure 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2007

By Sector Residential Sector by Major Source2Commercial Sector by Major Source3 Industrial Sector by Major Source478 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

239

174

236

585

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation

0

100200300400500600700

Billion Dollars1

148

61

Retail Electricity Natural Gas 

0

50

100150200

Billion Dollars1

113

63

51

Petroleum Retail Natural 

0

255075

100125

Billion Dollars1

129

34

11

Retail Natural Petroleum

0

255075

100125150

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas Electricity Gas

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Expenditures for coal and wood and wood-derived fuels are not displayed.3 Expenditures for coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste are not displayed.4 Expenditures for imports and exports of coal coke are not displayed.5 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation se

direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solathe sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Source: Table 3.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2007

 (Million Dollars 1

)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 4

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5

Retail

Electricity 3 Total 6,7 Coal

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 5 Biomass 8

Retail

Electricity 

1970 5,272 4,286 10,352 20,213 1,844 1,391 7,319 10,628 2,082 2,625 6,069 366 5,624 1971 5,702 4,466 11,589 22,033 2,060 1,523 8,301 11,970 1,971 3,019 6,663 374 6,256 1972 6,223 4,731 13,034 24,203 2,289 1,599 9,443 13,410 2,212 3,335 7,180 404 7,173 1973 6,282 5,957 14,712 27,137 2,421 1,881 10,707 15,094 2,527 3,936 8,600 425 8,284 1974 6,949 7,392 17,924 32,563 2,741 3,205 13,373 19,494 4,704 4,971 15,408 421 11,184 1975 8,410 7,582 20,644 36,932 3,385 3,133 16,157 22,869 5,498 5,844 15,544 386 13,760 1976 9,992 8,857 22,621 41,785 4,379 3,638 18,148 26,345 5,448 7,484 18,384 443 16,083 1977 11,324 9,872 26,132 47,694 5,094 4,297 21,023 30,611 5,360 8,958 22,190 464 18,956 1978 12,565 9,926 29,069 51,949 5,812 4,230 23,166 33,443 5,722 10,114 23,203 511 21,798 1979 14,772 11,276 31,683 58,267 7,623 5,534 25,433 38,819 6,247 12,110 33,705 512 24,797 1980 R17,497 12,695 38,458 R69,418 R8,858 7,267 30,611 R46,932 5,888 R16,350 42,765 529 28,863 1981 R19,502 13,394 44,780 R78,630 R10,085 7,628 37,484 R55,463 6,441 R20,432 47,171 558 34,007 1982 R23,987 12,526 50,045 R87,618 R12,565 6,706 41,759 R61,344 5,301 R20,504 41,841 540 35,364 1983 R26,564 11,486 53,918 R92,948 R13,602 7,392 43,529 R64,828 4,735 R21,461 38,437 610 37,017 1984 R27,873 R13,052 55,777 R97,790 R14,012 R7,760 47,304 R69,405 5,420 R23,763 R41,470 622 39,050 1985 R27,136 12,894 58,672 R99,772 R13,368 6,671 50,092 R70,400 5,252 R21,615 38,876 619 40,190 1986 R25,147 10,613 60,776 R97,353 R11,770 4,869 51,449 R68,341 4,745 R16,479 30,567 639 39,271 1987 R23,926 10,875 63,318 R98,851 R11,601 5,078 51,900 R68,800 4,448 R15,909 31,092 636 39,109 1988 R25,332 11,204 66,793 R104,104 R12,377 4,655 54,411 R71,673 4,744 R17,257 29,123 662 40,507 1989 R26,951 12,739 69,243 R109,770 R12,908 4,998 57,460 R75,615 4,650 R18,770 28,561 1,323 42,255 1990 R25,439 12,308 72,378 R111,097 R12,681 5,669 60,627 R79,288 4,636 R19,348 34,132 906 43,358 1991 R26,508 11,916 76,828 R116,212 R13,175 4,871 63,407 R81,745 4,332 R18,912 32,511 1,034 44,201 1992 R27,599 11,264 76,848 R116,631 R13,685 4,469 64,233 R82,681 4,245 R20,553 32,225 1,079 45,474 1993 R30,533 11,200 82,814 R125,351 R14,967 3,903 67,626 R86,790 4,060 R22,367 31,550 1,146 45,726 1994 R31,028 11,089 84,552 R127,395 R15,927 3,847 69,637 R89,694 4,060 R22,556 33,626 1,279 46,257 1995 R29,362 10,715 87,610 R128,388 R15,383 3,638 72,481 R91,788 4,068 R21,487 34,170 1,699 45,402 1996 R33,219 13,278 90,503 R137,822 R17,106 4,518 74,121 R96,053 3,943 R26,167 40,796 1,432 46,102 1997 R34,590 12,725 90,704 R138,688 R18,755 4,168 77,153 R100,396 3,887 R28,411 39,833 1,435 45,610 1998 R30,875 10,352 93,360 R135,102 R16,667 3,222 78,999 R99,138 3,566 R24,515 32,220 1,600 45,634 1999 R31,577 11,934 93,482 R137,549 R16,351 3,540 79,141 R99,290 3,457 R24,079 36,937 1,786 45,429 2000 R38,959 18,025 98,209 R156,061 R21,339 6,121 85,129 R112,870 3,507 R34,624 R51,786 1,888 47,859 2001 R46,189 17,920 103,158 R167,993 R25,879 5,666 93,402 R125,231 3,572 R38,597 46,983 2,216 48,519 2002 R38,490 15,165 106,834 R161,158 R20,926 4,741 93,763 R119,718 3,526 R31,031 45,505 2,592 46,606 2003 R48,278 18,924 111,249 R179,288 R26,411 6,464 96,263 R129,458 3,552 R41,168 53,953 1,935 49,962 2004 R52,265 21,304 115,577 R190,120 R29,518 7,442 100,546 R137,903 4,064 R47,322 70,718 1,919 51,491 2005 R61,196 25,150 128,393 R216,016 R33,838 R9,725 110,522 R154,558 5,004 R55,247 R87,684 3,451 56,229 2006 R59,834 R24,508 140,582 R226,255 R33,736 R9,834 122,914 R166,899 5,405 R52,363 R105,783 R3,495 59,764 2007 61,425 27,367 148,295 238,695 34,008 10,732 128,903 174,108 5,413 50,818 113,014 3,167 62,934 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

4 Includes coal and wood and wood-derived fuels, which are not separately displayed. 5 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Includes coal, wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste, which are not separately displayed. 

Through 2000, also includes non-biomass waste.

7 For 1981-1992, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline that is not included in the petroleum

data for those years.

8 Wood and wood-derived fuels, and biomass waste; excludes fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through

2000, also includes non-biomass waste. 9 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not sepa

10 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are n

R=Revised. Notes: • Expenditures include taxes where data are availa

hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Totals may independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "State Ene

(August 2009), U.S. Tables 2-5. 
Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports

Total, 1949-2009 By Fuel, 1949-2009By Fuel, 200980 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 

3 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Source: Table 3.7.

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

 Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

Petroleum

Products

194

57

16

2

Crude Petroleum Natural Coal and

0

50

100150200250

Billion Nominal Dollars2

Oil Products Gas Coal Coke
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 

1949 (s) R0.02 (s) R0.03 0.00 0.00 0.30 R2.10 0.14 R0.95 1950 (s) .02 .01 R.04 .00 .00 .37 R2.52 .21 R1.47 1955 (s) R.02 (s) .01 (s) .01 .65 R3.95 .44 R2.66 1960 (s) .01 (s) .01 .03 R.15 .90 R4.81 .73 R3.93 1965 (s) .01 (s) .01 .11 R.53 1.12 R5.62 .92 R4.64 1970 (s) (s) (s) .01 .26 R1.06 1.26 R5.18 1.48 R6.10 1971 (s) .01 .01 .02 .31 R1.22 1.69 R6.61 1.66 R6.49 1972 (s) (s) (s) .02 .31 R1.18 2.37 R8.90 1.99 R7.47 1973 (s) .01 .04 R.14 .36 R1.29 4.24 R15.08 3.50 R12.44 1974 .06 R.19 .19 R.63 .53 R1.73 15.25 R49.74 11.01 R35.91 1975 .02 .06 .16 R.47 1.15 R3.43 18.29 R54.50 6.77 R20.17 1976 .02 R.05 .11 R.31 1.66 R4.68 25.46 R71.73 6.65 R18.74 1977 .04 R.10 .13 R.35 2.00 R5.30 33.59 R88.98 8.42 R22.30 1978 .07 R.18 .41 R1.01 2.06 R5.10 32.30 R79.95 7.30 R18.08 1979 .05 R.12 .34 R.78 3.13 R7.14 46.06 R105.25 10.45 R23.88 1980 .03 .06 .05 R.11 4.21 R8.82 61.90 R129.63 12.54 R26.26 1981 .03 R.06 .04 R.08 4.41 R8.45 61.46 R117.68 14.30 R27.38 1982 .02 .04 .01 R.02 4.69 R8.47 45.72 R82.52 13.86 R25.02 1983 .04 .07 (s) (s) 4.39 R7.62 36.49 R63.35 14.84 R25.76 1984 .05 R.08 .05 R.08 3.44 R5.75 36.44 R60.98 17.87 R29.89 1985 .07 R.11 .04 R.07 3.05 R4.95 32.90 R53.43 17.47 R28.37 1986 .08 R.13 .03 .04 1.82 R2.90 22.61 R35.92 12.18 R19.35 1987 .06 R.09 .05 .08 1.93 R2.98 29.13 R44.98 12.37 R19.09 1988 .06 R.10 .19 R.29 2.38 R3.55 27.55 R41.12 12.43 R18.56 1989 .10 R.14 .22 R.31 2.51 R3.60 35.53 R51.11 13.50 R19.42 1990 .09 R.13 .07 R.10 2.97 R4.12 43.78 R60.64 16.90 R23.41 1991 .11 R.15 .09 R.12 3.24 R4.33 36.90 R49.36 13.17 R17.62 1992 .13 R.17 .14 R.19 3.96 R5.17 38.55 R50.37 11.98 R15.66 1993 .25 R.32 .17 R.21 4.77 R6.10 38.47 R49.18 11.74 R15.01 1994 .27 R.34 .27 R.34 4.90 R6.14 38.48 R48.18 11.14 R13.95 1995 .32 R.40 .33 R.40 4.23 R5.19 42.81 R52.51 9.95 R12.20 1996 .27 R.33 .24 R.29 5.79 R6.97 54.93 R66.11 15.27 R18.38 1997 .26 R.30 .25 R.30 6.50 R7.68 54.23 R64.13 516.93 5,R20.02 1998 .28 R.33 .29 R.34 6.21 R7.26 37.25 R43.56 13.01 R15.22 1999 .28 R.32 .23 R.26 8.03 R9.26 50.89 R58.65 16.28 R18.77 2000 .38 R.42 .25 R.28 14.94 R16.85 89.88 R101.39 29.38 R33.14 2001 .67 R.74 .19 R.21 17.62 R19.44 74.29 R81.96 28.45 R31.39 2002 .60 R.65 .24 R.27 12.61 R13.69 79.25 R86.03 23.52 R25.53 2003 .79 R.84 .24 R.25 20.39 R21.67 101.80 R108.18 30.64 R32.56 2004 1.02 R1.06 1.23 R1.27 24.74 R25.57 136.03 R140.57 43.24 R44.68 2005 1.42 R1.42 .78 R.78 35.25 R35.25 182.94 R182.94 67.12 R67.12 2006 1.78 R1.72 .64 R.62 28.80 R27.89 225.16 R218.05 74.56 R72.21 2007 1.73 R1.63 .48 R.45 31.65 R29.80 245.77 R231.39 81.85 R77.06 2008 2.05 R1.89 1.68 R1.54 R34.65 R31.94 R353.54 R325.89 R96.31 R88.78 2009 P1.45 P1.32 P.09 P.08 E15.57 E14.18 P194.39 P177.09 P57.23 P52.14 

1 Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

5 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, upublished data. 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Im

FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of • 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumptand 1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Expof LNG. • 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United Staannual reports. • 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information AdminisNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1982-2007—EIA, Natural • 2008—EIA, NGM (April 2010), Table 4. • 2009—EIA estimate U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. C• 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of M• 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of M• 1964-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumpthe Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FTGoods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issue
Figure 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

Total, 1949-2009 By Fuel, 1949-2009By Fuel, 200982 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

43

6 5

2

Petroleum Coal Natural Crude Oil

0

1020304050

Billion Nominal Dollars2

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke. 

Source: Table 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050607080

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

Coal

Gas and

Coal Coke

Products
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 0.30 R2.05 0.01 R0.06 (s) 0.01 0.10 R0.68 0.46 R3.19 1950 .27 R1.84 .01 .04 (s) .02 .10 R.70 .39 R2.69 1955 .48 R2.92 .01 R.05 .01 R.04 .04 R.23 .60 R3.61 1960 .35 R1.90 .01 R.04 (s) .02 .01 .04 .47 R2.51 1965 .48 R2.39 .02 R.08 .01 R.04 (s) .02 .44 R2.21 1970 .96 R3.95 .08 R.32 .03 R.12 .02 R.08 .50 R2.06 1971 .90 R3.53 .04 R.18 .04 R.15 .01 .02 .50 R1.97 1972 .98 R3.69 .03 R.12 .04 R.15 (s) .01 .49 R1.84 1973 1.01 R3.61 .03 R.12 .04 R.15 (s) .01 .57 R2.04 1974 2.44 R7.95 .04 R.14 .05 R.18 .01 .04 .87 R2.85 1975 3.26 R9.71 .07 R.22 .09 R.27 (s) (s) 1.01 R3.00 1976 2.91 R8.20 .07 R.19 .10 R.28 .03 R.08 1.07 R3.01 1977 2.66 R7.03 .07 R.19 .11 R.28 .21 R.55 1.14 R3.01 1978 2.05 R5.07 .05 R.12 .11 R.28 .39 R.96 1.23 R3.05 1979 3.40 R7.76 .08 R.18 .13 R.29 .39 R.90 1.58 R3.62 1980 4.63 R9.69 .13 R.27 .23 R.48 .75 R1.57 2.12 R4.44 1981 5.92 R11.33 .07 R.14 .35 R.67 .58 R1.10 3.24 R6.20 1982 5.99 R10.81 .06 R.11 .30 R.54 .47 R.85 5.86 R10.58 1983 4.06 R7.04 .05 R.08 .28 R.48 .22 R.39 4.88 R8.47 1984 4.13 R6.91 .07 R.12 .27 R.45 .19 R.31 4.62 R7.72 1985 4.47 R7.25 .08 R.12 .26 R.43 .23 R.37 4.90 R7.95 1986 3.93 R6.24 .07 R.10 .17 R.27 .12 R.19 3.77 R5.98 1987 3.40 R5.26 .05 .07 .17 R.26 .13 R.19 3.80 R5.86 1988 4.01 R5.99 .08 R.12 .20 R.30 .08 R.12 2.72 R4.07 1989 4.29 R6.17 .08 R.12 .27 R.39 .21 R.30 2.65 R3.82 1990 4.51 R6.25 .05 R.07 .27 R.37 .14 R.19 4.23 R5.86 1991 4.62 R6.18 .05 R.07 .33 R.45 .03 .04 4.65 R6.22 1992 4.24 R5.54 .04 R.06 .49 R.64 .03 .04 4.27 R5.58 1993 3.09 R3.95 .06 R.08 .36 R.46 .02 R.03 4.15 R5.30 1994 2.85 R3.57 .04 R.05 .40 R.51 .05 R.06 3.36 R4.21 1995 3.57 R4.37 .05 R.06 .37 R.45 .01 .01 3.56 R4.37 1996 3.69 R4.44 .06 .07 .46 R.55 .56 R.67 4.25 R5.12 1997 3.39 R4.01 .05 .06 .47 R.56 1.04 R1.23 47.55 4,R8.93 1998 3.04 R3.55 .04 .05 .39 R.46 .90 R1.05 5.68 R6.64 1999 2.13 R2.46 .03 .03 .43 R.49 .77 R.89 6.35 R7.31 2000 2.04 R2.30 .05 R.06 1.00 R1.13 .46 R.52 9.73 R10.97 2001 1.80 R1.98 .11 R.12 1.56 R1.73 .19 R.21 8.68 R9.58 2002 1.60 R1.74 .06 R.07 1.76 R1.91 .09 R.10 8.65 R9.39 2003 1.55 R1.64 .07 .07 3.77 R4.00 .16 R.17 10.05 R10.68 2004 2.60 R2.68 .11 R.11 5.20 R5.38 .28 R.29 12.85 R13.28 2005 3.35 R3.35 .15 R.15 5.53 R5.53 .60 R.60 18.56 R18.56 2006 3.52 R3.41 .13 R.12 4.94 R4.79 .85 R.83 27.32 R26.46 2007 4.16 R3.91 .13 R.12 5.69 R5.36 1.02 R.96 32.28 R30.39 2008 7.96 R7.34 .21 R.19 R8.65 R7.97 R2.27 R2.09 R59.43 R54.78 2009 P5.99 P5.46 P.14 P.12 E4.72 E4.30 P1.62 P1.48 P42.93 P39.11 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.

Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreig

Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural Ga• 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States Imports reports. • 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)Gas, annual reports. • 1982-2007—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGNGM (April 2010), Table 4. • 2009—EIA estimate based on vDepartment of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. Crude • 1949-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. • 19Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT900, "Exhibit 15Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issues.
Figure 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2009

Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel84 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators

in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.

2 Includes small amounts of coal coke.

Note: Negative imports indicate that the value of exports is Source: Table 3.9.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

-50

0

50

100150200250300350400

-50

Billion Real (2005) Dollars1

Coal2

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

Petroleum Products
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 -0.29 R-2.04 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 R1.42 -0.32 R-2.24 1950 -.27 R-1.82 (s) -.01 (s) -.02 .27 R1.82 -.18 R-1.23 1955 -.48 R-2.91 -.01 -.04 -.01 -.03 .62 R3.71 -.16 R-.95 1960 -.35 R-1.89 -.01 -.03 .02 R.13 .89 R4.77 .26 R1.42 1965 -.48 R-2.39 -.01 -.07 .10 R.49 1.11 R5.60 .48 R2.43 1970 -.96 R-3.95 -.08 R-.31 .23 R.94 1.24 R5.11 .98 R4.03 1971 -.90 R-3.52 -.04 R-.16 .27 R1.07 1.68 R6.58 1.15 R4.52 1972 -.98 R-3.69 -.03 R-.10 .28 R1.03 2.37 R8.89 1.50 R5.63 1973 -1.01 R-3.60 .01 .02 .32 R1.14 4.24 R15.07 2.93 R10.41 1974 -2.38 R-7.76 .15 R.49 .48 R1.55 15.24 R49.70 10.14 R33.07 1975 -3.24 R-9.64 .08 R.24 1.06 R3.16 18.29 R54.50 5.76 R17.17 1976 -2.89 R-8.15 .04 R.12 1.56 R4.39 25.43 R71.65 5.58 R15.73 1977 -2.62 R-6.93 .06 R.16 1.89 R5.02 33.38 R88.43 7.28 R19.28 1978 -1.98 R-4.89 .36 R.89 1.95 R4.82 31.91 R78.98 6.07 R15.03 1979 -3.35 R-7.65 .26 R.59 3.00 R6.85 45.66 R104.35 8.87 R20.26 1980 -4.60 R-9.63 -.08 R-.16 3.98 R8.34 61.15 R128.06 10.42 R21.82 1981 -5.89 R-11.27 -.03 R-.06 4.06 R7.78 60.88 R116.57 11.06 R21.18 1982 -5.97 R-10.77 -.05 R-.09 4.39 R7.93 45.25 R81.67 8.00 R14.44 1983 -4.01 R-6.97 -.04 R-.08 4.11 R7.13 36.27 R62.96 9.96 R17.30 1984 -4.09 R-6.84 -.02 R-.04 3.17 R5.30 36.26 R60.67 13.25 R22.17 1985 -4.39 R-7.14 -.03 R-.06 2.79 R4.52 32.68 R53.07 12.57 R20.41 1986 -3.85 R-6.12 -.04 -.06 1.65 R2.62 22.49 R35.74 8.42 R13.37 1987 -3.35 R-5.17 .01 .01 1.76 R2.72 29.00 R44.78 8.57 R13.23 1988 -3.95 R-5.89 .12 R.17 2.18 R3.25 27.47 R41.01 9.71 R14.49 1989 -4.19 R-6.03 .14 R.20 2.24 R3.22 35.32 R50.81 10.85 R15.60 1990 -4.42 R-6.12 .02 .03 2.71 R3.75 43.65 R60.45 12.67 R17.55 1991 -4.51 R-6.03 .04 R.06 2.90 R3.88 36.87 R49.32 8.52 R11.39 1992 -4.11 R-5.37 .10 R.13 3.47 R4.54 38.52 R50.33 7.72 R10.08 1993 -2.83 R-3.62 .11 R.14 4.41 R5.64 38.45 R49.15 7.59 R9.70 1994 -2.58 R-3.23 .23 R.29 4.50 R5.63 38.43 R48.12 7.78 R9.74 1995 -3.24 R-3.98 .27 R.34 3.86 R4.73 42.81 R52.50 6.39 R7.83 1996 -3.41 R-4.11 .18 R.22 5.33 R6.42 54.37 R65.44 11.01 R13.26 1997 -3.13 R-3.70 .20 R.23 6.02 R7.12 53.19 R62.90 49.37 4,R11.09 1998 -2.75 R-3.22 .25 R.29 5.82 R6.81 36.36 R42.52 7.33 R8.58 1999 -1.85 R-2.14 .20 R.23 7.61 R8.76 50.12 R57.76 9.94 R11.45 2000 -1.66 R-1.88 .20 R.23 13.94 R15.72 89.41 R100.86 19.65 R22.16 2001 -1.13 R-1.24 .08 R.09 16.05 R17.71 74.11 R81.75 19.77 R21.81 2002 -1.00 R-1.09 .18 R.20 10.85 R11.78 79.16 R85.93 14.87 R16.14 2003 -.76 R-.81 .17 R.18 16.62 R17.66 101.64 R108.01 20.59 R21.88 2004 -1.57 R-1.63 1.12 R1.16 19.54 R20.19 135.75 R140.28 30.38 R31.40 2005 -1.93 R-1.93 .63 R.63 29.72 R29.72 182.35 R182.35 48.56 R48.56 2006 -1.74 R-1.69 .51 R.49 23.86 R23.10 224.30 R217.23 47.24 R45.75 2007 -2.42 R-2.28 .35 R.33 25.96 R24.44 244.76 R230.44 49.57 R46.67 2008 -5.92 R-5.45 1.47 R1.35 R26.00 R23.97 R351.27 R323.80 R36.89 R34.00 2009 P-4.55 P-4.14 P-.04 P-.04 E10.85 E9.89 P192.77 P175.61 P14.30 P13.03 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.005 Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus s

greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal srounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Tabindependent rounding.

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production Dry Natural Gas Production Coal Productionby Major Energy Companies, 1974-2008 by Major Energy Companies, 1974-2008 by Major Energy CompMajor Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production, Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refin1974-2008 1974-200886 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS).

See Table 3.14. 

Source: Table 3.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Barrels per Day

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 198

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

Dry Natural Gas

Note: Exin 1998 F

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

255075

100

Percent

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040506070

Percent Uranium

Coal

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2008

Year

Production 

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids 1 Dry Natural Gas 1 Coal 2 Uranium Capacity 3 

Million Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Pounds 5

Percent of

U.S. Total 6

Million Barrels

per Day

Perce

U.S. T

1974 5.9 56.0 11.6 56.1 87.4 14.3 NA NA 13.3 881975 5.6 56.1 11.0 57.4 88.1 13.5 4.3 18.6 13.4 881976 5.4 55.7 10.6 55.6 89.0 13.0 3.3 13.0 14.2 861977 5.5 55.3 10.3 53.6 89.1 12.8 16.0 53.4 14.6 851978 5.8 56.8 10.1 52.7 85.5 12.8 17.3 46.8 14.8 841979 5.7 56.3 9.9 50.3 123.3 15.8 16.7 44.7 14.4 791980 5.7 56.1 9.3 47.7 142.3 17.2 19.0 43.5 15.1 811981 5.7 55.8 9.2 47.8 154.8 18.8 14.5 37.7 14.6 811982 5.7 55.9 8.3 46.7 195.2 23.3 9.2 34.2 13.6 801983 5.6 55.1 7.4 45.8 185.2 23.7 6.6 31.4 13.0 801984 5.7 54.3 7.9 45.5 226.0 25.2 4.1 27.8 12.8 811985 5.8 54.9 7.3 44.6 230.4 26.1 2.1 18.9 12.6 811986 5.7 56.0 7.1 44.5 227.6 25.6 1.6 12.1 12.5 801987 5.7 57.0 7.2 43.4 255.3 27.8 NA NA 12.5 781988 5.5 56.2 7.7 45.1 285.3 30.0 NA NA 12.3 781989 5.2 57.2 7.5 43.2 286.9 29.3 NA NA 11.5 731990 5.0 55.8 7.6 42.6 282.0 27.4 NA NA 11.4 721991 5.0 54.9 7.5 42.4 289.6 29.1 NA NA 11.2 711992 4.8 53.9 7.9 44.2 251.9 25.3 .0 .0 11.0 721993 4.5 52.1 7.7 42.3 197.3 20.9 .0 .0 10.7 711994 4.4 52.1 8.0 42.5 179.7 17.4 .0 .0 10.6 691995 4.3 51.7 8.1 43.3 165.4 16.0 .0 .0 10.4 681996 4.2 50.5 8.2 43.4 169.4 15.9 .0 .0 10.5 671997 4.0 48.3 8.3 43.9 163.3 15.0 .0 .0 9.4 591998 3.8 47.5 8.4 44.1 73.9 6.6 .0 .0 814.3 8871999 3.6 46.3 8.0 42.4 44.0 4.0 .0 .0 14.2 852000 3.5 44.8 8.3 43.5 34.6 3.2 .0 .0 14.4 862001 3.7 48.7 8.8 45.1 31.3 2.8 .0 .0 15.2 902002 3.7 48.4 8.7 46.0 27.8 2.5 .0 .0 14.2 842003 3.5 47.3 8.3 43.7 16.8 1.6 .0 .0 14.3 842004 3.3 45.7 8.2 44.0 18.1 1.6 .0 .0 14.4 842005 3.1 44.5 7.8 43.1 18.0 1.6 .0 .0 14.5 832006 2.9 43.1 7.9 42.8 NA NA .0 .0 14.7 842007 2.8 41.6 8.4 R43.4 NA NA .0 .0 14.1 802008 2.8 41.1 8.7 43.1 NA NA .0 .0 14.9 84

1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of

type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty). 2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 4 Includes refinery output at own refineries for own account and at others’ refineries for own account. 5 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 6 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 7 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals donot include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

8 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of

the FRS.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-ow

producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Table 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: Production and Refining: • 1974-1976—U.S

Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, NovPerformance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual report5.9, 6.1, 7.1, and 9.3.
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income

Total, 1974-2008 Petroleum by Location, 1977-2008U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2008 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200888 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Beginning in 2003, includes International Marine.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the F

See Table 3.14.

Source: Table 3.11.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1020304050

-5

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 199

0

102030405060

-5

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 199

0

10203040506070

Billion Dollars1

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

R

Ma

Internationa
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2008

 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

Petroleum 2

Downstream

Natural

Gas 2,3

Electric

Power Coal

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 6.4 1.5 .8 8.6 3.6 .7 .1 4.4 13.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 1978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -.1 5.2 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .1 1979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 .1 9.7 23.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 .1 11.2 29.1 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -.1 9.6 29.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 .8 -.3 6.7 25.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -.5 8.2 24.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 1984 13.3 .1 2.5 15.8 7.5 .7 -.4 7.8 23.6 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 1985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 .5 -.4 8.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1986 .9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 .1 7.7 12.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 1987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -.1 6.4 14.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 .1 6.9 17.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 1989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 .2 6.7 16.2 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 .2 10.5 23.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1991 5.1 .9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 .3 9.8 17.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .6 1992 5.6 -.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) -.5 1993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .4 1994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 1995 3.7 .5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 1997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 .1 13.3 29.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .3 1998 .5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 .1 5.1 12.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .5 1999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .2 2000 21.9 7.7 2.3 31.8 18.5 2.9 (s) 21.4 53.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2001 17.6 12.0 3.3 32.9 14.6 3.1 .2 17.8 50.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) .1 2002 15.0 -1.4 1.7 15.4 12.9 -.4 (s) 12.5 27.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2003 222.6 27.4 2.8 230.9 221.3 2,82.9 8 ( ) 224.3 255.1 3.6 1.0 7 ( ) 2004 30.1 15.2 .4 45.8 28.6 87.0 8 ( ) 35.5 81.3 3.3 .6 7 ( ) 2005 40.5 21.0 .5 61.9 48.7 87.8 8 ( ) 56.5 118.5 2.2 .4 7 ( ) 2006 41.8 24.3 .2 66.3 51.4 87.5 8 ( ) 58.9 125.2 3.7 1.2 7 ( ) 2007 40.1 22.4 .3 62.7 47.0 89.2 8 ( ) 56.2 118.9 8.8 -1.6 7 ( ) 2008 32.3 3.3 .2 35.9 39.8 811.1 8 ( ) 50.9 86.7 3.5 9.3 7 ( ) 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes). 6 Included in "Petroleum." 7 Included in "Other Energy." 8 "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent disclosure.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reincome" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductionexpenses resulting from transactions between segments of the accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses. Tmust be eliminated. • "Nontraceables" are energy companies’ recannot be directly attributed to a type of business by use of a reathe basis of operating-level utilities.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Admini

Reporting System" database, November 1997. • 1977 forwaEnergy Producers, annual reports.
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability

Total Profitability, 1974-2008 Petroleum Profitability by Location, 1977-200U.S. Petroleum Profitability, 1977-2008 Foreign Petroleum Profitability, 1977-200890 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.14.

Source: Table 3.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

101520

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

-5

05

1015202530

-5

Percent

1980 1985 1990 199

-20-10

0

102030

-20

Percent

Foreign

Operations

U.S.

Operations

1980 1985 1990 1995 

05

1015202530

Percent

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Refining

and

Marketing

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

 and

Marketing

International

Marine
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2008

 (Percent)

Year

Petroleum 1

Downstream

Natural

Gas 1,2

Electric

Power Coal

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.8 1978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.1 1979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.3 1980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.6 1981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.1 1982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.4 1983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1984 10.8 .3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.2 1985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.6 1986 .8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.7 1987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.1 1988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.7 1989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 3.3 1991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.7 1992 5.9 -.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -9.3 1993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.6 1994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.0 1995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.9 1996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.9 1997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.8 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.2 1998 .5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 26.4 1999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 .8 7.6 7.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.5 2000 17.7 9.6 6.0 13.2 17.1 8.7 6.4 15.1 13.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.7 2001 13.1 14.5 9.7 13.1 11.2 9.5 25.9 10.9 12.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.0 2002 10.5 -1.7 5.2 6.0 9.2 -1.1 -6.2 7.2 6.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -8.5 2003 116.5 19.3 111.5 113.7 114.2 17.7 W 113.0 113.4 8.8 5.2 5 ( ) 2004 20.0 18.6 4.4 18.9 17.1 17.6 W 17.3 18.2 5.9 3.1 5 ( ) 2005 22.5 23.5 5.8 22.4 26.3 20.8 W 25.5 23.7 4.0 1.7 5 ( ) 2006 18.2 25.6 2.7 19.9 23.7 18.6 W 22.9 21.2 5.7 5.6 5 ( ) 2007 15.2 21.6 2.9 16.7 18.8 21.9 W 19.2 17.8 15.6 R-32.5 5 ( ) 2008 10.7 2.6 2.4 8.2 16.3 25.9 W 17.8 12.0 5.1 6181.4 5 ( ) 

1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

4 Included in "Petroleum." 5 Included in "Other Energy." 6 Reflects unusually profitable electric power trading operations by survey respondents.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid discNotes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Data are for return on investment, measured as net income dincome" is operating income plus other income and extraordinary interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. plant, and equipment plus investments and advances to unconsol

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Admini

Reporting System" database, October 1996. • 1977 forward—EProducers, annual reports.
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Petroleum Activities Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total Share of U.S. Total ProDry Natural Gas Production Coal Production Expenditures for Explo

Development of Uraniu

92 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2 Natural gas liquids.

3 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars

Source: Table 3.13.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

46

Million Barrels per Day

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Percent

1980 1985 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Million Dollars3

Refining

Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Refining

Capacity

Production1

Production1

Dry 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2006

Year

Production

Refining Capacity 1

Sales 

Motor Ga

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas Coal Uranium

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Billion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Pounds 2

Percent of

U.S. Total 3

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

1978 1,076 10.5 783 3.9 24 3.1 NA NA 1,895 10.9 1,066 1979 1,145 11.3 786 4.0 29 3.8 NA NA 1,984 11.0 948 1980 1,280 12.6 776 4.0 31 3.8 NA NA 2,066 11.1 926 1981 1,438 14.1 1,080 5.6 106 12.9 NA NA 2,595 14.5 1,114 1982 1,421 13.9 1,055 5.9 138 16.6 NA NA 2,423 14.4 1,092 1983 1,325 12.9 924 5.8 128 16.5 NA NA 2,337 14.4 1,022 1984 1,365 12.9 1,075 6.2 153 17.3 NA NA 2,276 14.5 1,066 1985 1,455 13.7 1,093 6.7 147 16.8 NA NA 2,656 17.2 1,285 1986 1,523 14.8 1,276 8.0 146 16.5 NA NA 3,133 20.1 1,565 1987 1,614 16.1 1,318 8.0 181 19.8 NA NA 3,342 21.0 1,586 1988 1,659 16.9 1,392 8.1 195 20.6 NA NA 3,356 21.4 1,673 1989 1,553 16.8 1,452 8.4 207 21.2 NA NA 4,243 27.2 2,084 1990 1,481 16.5 1,457 8.2 254 24.7 NA NA 4,379 27.9 2,282 1991 1,469 16.0 1,360 7.7 238 24.0 NA NA 4,312 27.5 2,299 1992 1,392 15.5 1,368 7.7 259 26.0 NA NA 4,256 28.1 2,369 1993 1,299 14.7 1,451 8.0 254 27.0 NA NA 4,440 29.5 2,362 1994 1,261 14.6 1,439 7.7 295 28.6 NA NA 4,479 29.2 2,346 1995 1,103 12.8 1,191 6.4 316 30.7 NA NA 4,164 27.1 2,204 1996 1,105 12.8 1,265 6.7 332 31.2 NA NA 4,050 26.2 2,145 1997 1,028 11.9 1,332 7.0 327 30.0 NA NA 3,637 23.0 1,998 1998 1,149 13.7 1,881 10.1 199 17.8 NA NA 4,940 30.4 2,721 1999 1,118 13.8 1,805 9.6 300 27.2 53,745 581.2 4,877 29.5 2,737 2000 1,027 12.7 2,112 11.0 284 26.4 3,443 87.0 4,831 29.1 2,971 2001 994 13.0 2,167 11.0 302 26.8 2,440 92.5 4,797 28.6 3,027 2002 1,214 15.9 2,344 12.4 291 26.6 2,280 97.3 4,733 28.2 3,090 2003 1,147 15.5 2,331 12.2 289 27.0 2,024 6 NM 4,761 28.2 2,914 2004 1,073 14.8 2,140 11.4 155 13.9 2,000 87.6 4,683 27.3 2,900 2005 970 14.0 2,031 11.3 160 14.1 2,147 79.8 4,942 28.5 2,845 2006 888 13.0 1,960 10.6 158 13.6 2,980 72.6 4,844 27.8 NA 

1 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 2 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 3 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999. 6 Total U.S. uranium production is slightly below that of the foreign-affiliated companies shown in this

table. The U.S. data were rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

NA=Not available. NM=Not meaningful. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid

disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: 2007 data for this table were not available in time 

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance/fdi/index.html.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: • 1978—U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary’s 

1983). • 1979-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EU.S. Energy, annual reports. • 1993-1996—EIA, Performance reports. • 1997 forward—EIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S
94 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2008

Company 1974-81 1982 1983-84 1985-86 1987 1988 1989-90 1991 1992-93 1994-96 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 200

Alenco, Inc. ....................................................... American Petrofina, Inc. 1 ................................. X X X X X X XAnadarko Petroleum Corporation 2 .................. X X X X X X X X X Apache Corporation .......................................... X X X Ashland Inc. 3 ................................................... X X X X X X X X X X XAtlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) 4 ........................ X X X X X X X X X X X X XBP America, Inc. 5,6 .......................................... X X X X X X X X X X BP Amoco Corporation 4,5,7 .............................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XBurlington Northern Inc. 8 ................................. X X X X XBurlington Resources Inc. 8,9 ............................ X X X X X X X X X X X Chesapeake Energy Corporation ..................... Chevron Corporation 10,11,12,13 .......................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Citgo Petroleum Corporation ............................ X X X X X Cities Service 14 ................................................ X XConocoPhillips, Inc. 9,15,16,17 ............................. X X X X X X Devon Energy Corporation ............................... X X X Dominion Resources ........................................ XXX E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 15,16 ............. X X X X X X X X X XEl Paso Energy Corporation 18 ......................... X X X X Enron Corporation ............................................ X X XXXXEOG Resources ............................................... X X X Equilon Enterprises, LLC 19 .............................. XXXXEquitable Resources, Inc. ................................. Exxon Mobil Corporation 20 .............................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Getty Oil 21 ........................................................ X X XGulf Oil 11 .......................................................... X X XHess Corporation .............................................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Hovensa 22 ....................................................... Kerr-McGee Corporation 2,23 ............................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X LYONDELLBASELL 24 ..................................... X X X X X Marathon 25 ...................................................... X X Mobil Corporation 20,26 ...................................... X X X X X X X X X X X XMotiva Enterprises, LLC 27 ............................... X X X X X Nerco, Inc. 28 .................................................... XOccidental Petroleum Corporation 14 ............... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oryx Energy Company 23,29 .............................. X X X X X XPhillips Petroleum Company 17,30 ..................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XPremcor Refining Group 31,32 ........................... XXXXX Shell Oil Company 33 ........................................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sonat Inc. ......................................................... X XStandard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 6 ..................... X X X XSunoco, Inc. 29,34 .............................................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Superior Oil 26 ................................................... X X XTenneco Inc. 35 ................................................. X X X X X XTesoro Petroleum Corporation ......................... X X X X X Texaco Inc. 12,21 ............................................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X XThe Coastal Corporation 18 .............................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X XThe Williams Companies, Inc ........................... X X X X X Tosco Corporation 30 ........................................ XXXXTotal Holdings, USA, 1,36,37 ............................... X X X X X X X X X Total Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 38 ........... X X Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation 39 ... XXXXUnion Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 40,41 ........ X X X X X X X X X X X X XUnocal Corporation 13 ....................................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X USX Corporation .............................................. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XValero Energy Corporation 32,39 ....................... X X X X X WRB Refining, LLC 42 ...................................... X X X X X XTO Energy, Inc. .............................................. X 

Footnotes: See the following two pages.Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the year

indicated.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/finance.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Financial R
Footnotes for Table 3.14

1American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17, 1991.2Kerr-McGee merged with Anadarko on August 10, 2006. Anadarko's 2006

submission includes data for Kerr-McGee after August 10, 2006. Data for KerrMcGee was submitted separately for the period from January 1, 2006 to August 10,

2006. 3Ashland was dropped from the FRS system for 1998 after spinning off downstream and coal operations and disposing of upstream operations.

4BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in April of 2000. The

reporting was consolidated under BP Amoco for 2000. Data for ARCO is notincluded in the database for the period from January 1, 2000, to April 14, 2000.

5Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported

separately for 1998 and 1999.

6In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company (Ohio)

that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.

7Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).8Burlington Resources was added to the FRS system and Burlington Northern was

dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources cover the full year 1988 eventhough that company was not created until May of that year.

9Burlington Resources merged with ConocoPhillips on March 30, 2006. ConocoPhillip's 2006 submission includes data for Burlington Resources after March 30,

2006. Data for Burlington Resources were submitted separately for the period fromJanuary 1, 2006, to March 30, 2006.

10Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.11Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to be

available for the full 1984 year.

12In October 2000, Chevron and Texaco agreed to merge. Both companies reported

separately for 2000.

13Unocal merged with ChevronTexaco on August 10, 2005. ChevronTexaco's 2005

submission includes data for Unocal after August 10, 2005. Data for Unocal weresubmitted separately for the period from January 1, 2005 to August 10, 2005.

14Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.15DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for

1981; DuPont was included in the FRS system in 1982.

16Dupont was dropped from the FRS system when Conoco was spun-off in 1998.

Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.

17In November 2001, Phillips and Conoco agreed to merge forming ConocoPhillips

in 2002. Both companies reported separately in 2001. The companies reportedseparately in 2002 until the time of the merger.

18In January 2001, Coastal merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of El Paso

Energy Corporation. The name was changed to Ereported separately in 2000 under the name The C

19Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell's and 

U.S. refining and marketing businesses and natiolubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated in Texaco account for this investment using the equit

20In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to 

separately for 1998.

21Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, Gett

company for that year.

22Hovensa is a refinery joint venture between He

Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA, the state oil company barrels-per-day refinery on the island of St. Croijoint venture began in 1998.

23In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. The 

consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998.

24LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership 

Company and Citgo. There will be some duplicaccounts for its investment using the equity metho

25U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 19826Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both comp

that year.

27Motiva is a joint venture approximately equal

Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture combines trefining and marketing businesses. Duplication exShell and Texaco's interests, which are accounted 

28RTZ America acquired the common stock of N

In September 1993, Nerco, Inc. sold Nerco Oil & 1993 submission includes operations of Nerco Oi28, 1993.

29Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and 

renamed Oryx Energy Company) during 1988. Bthe FRS system for 1988; therefore, some degree o

30In September 2001, Phillips acquired Tosco. Bo

in 2001.

31In May 2000, Clark Refining & Marketing chan

Group.

32Premcor merged with Valero on September 1, 

includes data for Premcor after September 1, 2005ted separately for the period from January 1, 2005

33Shell Oil Company consolidated the Deer Par

Shell Oil and Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex, the sFRS reporting beginning with the 2008 reporting yas a separate respondent company.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
34Sun company withdrew from oil and gas exploration and production in 1996. Sun's

1996 submission includes oil and gas exploration and production activities throughSeptember 30, 1996. Refining/marketing activities are included for the entire 1996calendar year. In 1998 the company changed its name to Sunoco, Inc.

35Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas assets and its refining and marketing assets in

1988. Other FRS companies purchased approximately 70 percent of Tenneco's assets.

36Prior submissions were reported at the FINA, Inc. level. FINA, Inc. was the parent

of Fina Oil and Chemical Company, which is now ATOFINA Petrochemicals. Dueto a series of mergers and acquisitions, beginning in 2000, the submission isreported at the American Petrofina Holding Company level, which is the holdingcompany of ATOFINA.

37In 2002, the name was changed to Total Fina Elf and changed to Total Holdings,

USA in 2003.

38Effective June 1, 1991, Total's exploration, production, and marketing operations

in Canada were spun off to Total Oil & Gas, a new public entity.

39In December 2001, Valero and Ultramar Diamon

Both companies reported separately in 2001.

40Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Corporat

the Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. to its sharehsystem included Union Pacific Corporation. The FRPacific Resources Group, Inc. for 1996.

41Union Pacific merged with Anadarko on July 14, 2

sion includes data for Union Pacific after July 14, 200not submitted for the period from January 1, 2000, to 

42WRB Refining LLC is a 50/50 downstream joint ve

and EnCana Corporation, the parent company of the was established in 2007 and consists of refineries Borger, Texas.

96 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Energy Resources

4

 New oil and gas drilling activity in Wyoming. Source: Dreamstime Stock Photos.
Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Total Technically Dry Natural Gas, Total Technically RRecoverable ResourcesCrude Oil and Lease Condensate by Type Dry Natural Gas by Type98 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

44%

31%

24%

48 States Onshore48 States OffshoreAlaska

42%

14%

7%

14%

23% 48 Stat

Gas48 StatGasAssociAlaskaShale G

Total

198 billion barrels

Reserves Reserves Technically

Recoverable

Reserves

Total

2,119 trillion cubic feet

23

61

115

Proved Inferred Undiscovered

0

255075

100125

Billion Barrels

238

1,05

Proved Infer

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Cubic Feet

Reserves 

Rese

Note: Sum of components may not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding. Source: Table 4.1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Estimates, 2007

Region Proved Reserves Inferred Reserves 1

Undiscovered Technically

Recoverable Resources

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate (billion barrels)

 48 States Onshore .............................................. 14.2 48.3 25.3  48 States Offshore .............................................. 4.4 10.3 47.2  Alaska ................................................................. 4.2 2.1 42.0  Total U.S. ........................................................... 22.8 60.7 114.5 

Dry Natural Gas 2 (trillion cubic feet)

 Conventionally Reservoired Fields 3 ............. 194.0 671.3 760.4  48 States Onshore Non-Associated Gas ........ 149.0 595.9 144.1  48 States Offshore Non-Associated Gas 4 ..... 12.4 50.7 233.0  Associated-Dissolved Gas 5 ........................... 20.7 6 ( ) 6117.2  Alaska ............................................................. 11.9 24.8 266.1  Shale Gas and Coalbed Methane ................... 43.7 385.0 64.2  Total U.S. .......................................................... 237.7 1,056.3 824.6 

1 Inferred reserves (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known

crude oil or natural gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the timebetween discovery and permanent abandonment.

2 Natural gas plant liquids are not included. 3 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas

usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.

4 Includes Federal offshore and State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State

jurisdiction). 5 Associated-dissolved (AD) natural gas is gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas(associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved gas). 6 Inferred reserves for associated-dissolved natural gas are included in "Undiscovered TechnicallyRecoverable Resources."

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • "Technically recoverable" resources are those that are producible

using current technology without reference to the economic viab

drilling is officially prohibited are not included. Estimates of thAtlantic coast are also excluded from the technically recoveraStates excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Sources: Proved Reserves: U.S. Energy Information Ad

Table values reflect the removal of intervening reserve additionassessment and December 31, 2007. Inferred Reserves: Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Undiscovered Onshore, and Gas Resource Assessment Team, United States Geologicacoalbed methane by Advanced Resources, International and tForecasting, Oil and Gas Division. Undiscovered FederaMinerals Management Service, Resource Evaluation Division.
Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved 

Recovery, 1977-2008

Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry)Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Indexed100 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 4.2.

Natural Gas (Dry)

Cumulative Product

Crude Oil

Cumulative Production 

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

50

100150200250

Index: 1977=100

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels

Cumulative Production

Cumulative Pro

Proved Reserves

Proved Reserves

Proved

Ultimate Recovery
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultim

 1977-2008

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas (Dry)

Cumulative Production Proved Reserves Proved Ultimate Recovery Cumulative Production Proved Reserves 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet

1977 118.1 31.8 149.9 514.4 207.4 1978 121.3 31.4 152.6 533.6 208.0 1979 124.4 31.2 155.6 553.2 201.0 1980 127.5 31.3 158.9 572.6 199.0 1981 130.7 31.0 161.7 591.8 201.7 1982 133.8 29.5 163.3 609.6 201.5 1983 137.0 29.3 166.3 625.7 200.2 1984 140.2 30.0 170.2 643.2 197.5 1985 143.5 29.9 173.4 659.6 193.4 1986 146.7 28.3 175.0 675.7 191.6 1987 149.7 28.7 178.4 692.3 187.2 1988 152.7 28.2 180.9 709.4 168.0 1989 155.5 27.9 183.4 726.7 167.1 1990 158.2 27.6 185.7 744.5 169.3 1991 160.9 25.9 186.8 762.2 167.1 1992 163.5 25.0 188.5 780.1 165.0 1993 166.0 24.1 190.2 798.2 162.4 1994 168.4 23.6 192.0 817.0 163.8 1995 170.8 23.5 194.4 835.6 165.1 1996 173.2 23.3 196.5 854.5 166.5 1997 175.6 23.9 199.4 873.4 167.2 1998 177.8 22.4 200.2 892.4 164.0 1999 180.0 23.2 203.1 911.2 167.4 2000 182.1 23.5 205.6 930.4 177.4 2001 184.2 23.8 208.1 950.0 183.5 2002 186.3 24.0 210.4 968.9 186.9 2003 188.4 23.1 211.5 988.0 189.0 2004 190.4 22.6 213.0 1,006.6 192.5 2005 192.3 23.0 215.3 1,024.6 204.4 2006 194.1 22.1 216.3 1,043.1 211.1 2007 196.1 22.8 218.9 1,062.2 237.7 2008 198.0 20.6 218.5 1,082.5 244.7 

1 Lease condensate is the portion of natural gas liquids that is separated from the wellhead gas stream

at a lease or field separation facility.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease

Condensate," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html and

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related information.

Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas An

• 1977-2007—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natur• 2008—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/crude_4, 5, and 12). Proved Ultimate Recovery: Calculated as the reserves.
Figure 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves

Total, 1949-2008 By Type, 2008By Type, 1949-2008102 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.

2 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in “Natural Gas

Liquids”; otherwise, lease condensate is included in “Crude Oil.”

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petrole

Association. EIA=U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Source: Table 4.3.

EIA Data

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2008

Crude Oil2

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1API and AGA Data

43

19

Natural Gas Crude Oil2 

0

1020304050

Billion Barrels COE1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949

Year

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids 1 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 2 Billion Barrels COE 3 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 3 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

U.S. Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 5.0 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.9 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 5.0 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.3 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.8 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.0 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.0 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.2 1996 22.0 166.5 29.4 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 2001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 2002 22.7 186.9 33.1 8.0 5.6 2003 21.9 189.0 R33.5 7.5 5.2 2004 21.4 192.5 34.1 7.9 5.5 2005 21.8 204.4 R36.2 8.2 5.6 2006 21.0 211.1 37.4 8.5 5.8 2007 21.3 237.7 R42.2 9.1 6.3 2008 19.1 244.7 43.3 9.3 6.4 

1 To the extent that lease condensate is measured or estimated it is included in "Natural Gas Liquids";

otherwise, lease condensate is included in "Crude Oil." 2 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of naturalgas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage. 3 Natural gas is converted to crude oil equivalent (COE) by multiplying by the natural gas dry productionapproximate heat content (see Table A4) and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heatcontent (see Table A2). The lease condensate portion of natural gas liquids is converted to COE bymultiplying by the lease condensate production approximate heat content (5.5 million Btu per barrel) andthen dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content. Other natural gas liquids are convertedto COE by multiplying by the natural gas plant liquids production approximate heat content (see Table A2)and then dividing by the crude oil production approximate heat content.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserve

Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Gas 

Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum ACrude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). U.S. Energy Information AdmiCrude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, anCrude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2008 
Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2009 By Site, 2009By Type, 1949-2009 By Type1, 2009104 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Rigs drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests, are not shown. Source: Table 4.4.

1,046

Onshor

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Number of Rigs

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

Total

Offshore Onshore

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Rigs

Total

Crude Oil

801

Natural Ga

0

100200300400500600700800900

Number of Rigs

Natural Gas
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Number of Rigs)

Year

By Site By Type

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 1973 1,110 84 NA NA 1974 1,378 94 NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 2002 717 113 137 691 2003 924 108 157 872 2004 1,095 97 165 1,025 2005 1,287 94 194 1,184 2006 1,559 90 274 1,372 2007 1,695 72 297 1,466 2008 1,814 65 379 1,491 2009 1,046 44 278 801 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geo

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of component

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eiaSource: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Ru
Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2009 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2009 Successful Wells, 19Wells Drilled, 2009 Footage Drilled, 2009 Average Depth, 2009106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Data are for exploratory and development wells combined. Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.

Total1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1

0

20406080

100

Percent

Total1

Development

Exploratory

Development

Exploratory Natural 

Gas Wells

Crude

 Oil Wells

Dry Holes

13.2

19.2

3.5

12.4

17.7

2.4

0.8 1.4 1.1

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

05

10152025

Thousand Wells

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

68

133

18

62

124

12 6 8 6

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

0

50

100150

Million Feet

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal1

5.2

5.0

8.2

Crude Oil 

0369

Thousand Feet per Well
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 1950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 1955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 1960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 1965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 1970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 1971 11,853 3,971 10,309 26,133 60.6 49,109 23,460 54,685 127,253 4,126 1972 11,378 5,440 10,891 27,709 60.7 49,269 30,006 58,556 137,831 4,330 1973 10,167 6,933 10,320 27,420 62.4 44,416 38,045 55,761 138,223 4,369 1974 13,647 7,138 12,116 32,901 63.2 52,025 38,449 62,899 153,374 3,812 1975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 1976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 1977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 1978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 1979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 1980 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 70.8 125,262 92,106 99,575 316,943 3,801 1981 43,887 20,250 27,953 92,090 69.6 172,167 108,353 134,934 415,454 3,923 1982 39,459 19,076 26,379 84,914 68.9 149,674 107,149 123,746 380,569 3,793 1983 37,366 14,684 24,355 76,405 68.1 136,849 78,108 105,222 320,179 3,662 1984 42,906 17,338 25,884 86,128 69.9 162,653 91,480 119,860 373,993 3,791 1985 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 70.0 137,728 76,293 100,388 314,409 3,906 1986 19,213 8,599 12,799 40,611 68.5 76,825 45,039 60,961 182,825 3,999 1987 16,210 8,096 11,167 35,473 68.5 66,358 42,584 53,588 162,530 4,094 1988 13,646 8,578 10,119 32,343 68.7 58,639 45,363 52,517 156,519 4,297 1989 10,230 9,522 8,236 27,988 70.6 43,266 49,081 42,099 134,446 4,229 1990 R12,800 R11,227 R8,237 R32,264 R74.5 R56,675 R57,002 R42,527 R156,204 R4,427 R1991 R12,542 R9,768 R7,476 R29,786 R74.9 R56,329 R50,971 R37,839 R145,139 R4,491 R1992 R9,379 R8,149 R5,857 R23,385 R75.0 R45,973 R44,748 R29,440 R120,161 R4,901 R1993 R8,828 R9,829 R6,093 R24,750 R75.4 R44,410 R58,322 R31,110 R133,842 R5,030 R1994 R7,334 R9,358 R5,092 R21,784 R76.6 R38,803 R58,360 R27,806 R124,969 R5,290 R1995 R8,230 R8,081 R4,813 R21,124 R77.2 R41,249 R49,816 R26,394 R117,459 R5,012 R1996 R8,819 R9,015 R4,890 R22,724 R78.5 R42,566 R56,205 R27,875 R126,646 R4,826 R1997 R11,189 R11,494 R5,874 R28,557 R79.4 R56,446 R71,555 R33,753 R161,754 R5,044 R1998 R7,659 R11,613 R4,763 R24,035 R80.2 R38,658 R70,281 R28,594 R137,533 R5,047 R1999 R4,759 R11,979 R3,554 R20,292 82.5 R21,983 R60,234 R20,670 R102,887 R4,619 R2000 R8,089 R16,986 R4,134 R29,209 85.8 R36,865 R83,502 R23,987 R144,354 R4,557 R2001 R8,880 R22,033 R4,564 R35,477 87.1 R43,339 R110,648 R26,148 R180,135 R4,880 R2002 R6,762 R17,297 R3,728 R27,787 86.6 R30,956 R93,055 R21,121 R145,132 R4,577 R2003 R8,104 R20,685 R3,970 R32,759 R87.9 R38,751 R116,010 R22,728 R177,489 R4,781 R2004 R8,764 R24,112 R4,053 R36,929 R89.0 R42,263 R138,464 R23,662 R204,389 R4,822 R2005E R10,696 R28,500 R4,656 R43,852 89.4 R51,470 R164,033 R25,096 R240,599 R4,812 R2006E R13,289 R32,878 R5,183 R51,350 R89.9 R63,620 R192,921 R27,799 R284,340 R4,787 R2007E R13,564 R33,132 R5,121 R51,817 R90.1 R67,009 R213,241 R28,566 R308,816 R4,940 R2008E R17,370 R34,118 R5,726 R57,214 R90.0 R89,815 R235,330 R29,708 R354,853 R5,170 R2009E 13,175 19,153 3,537 35,865 90.1 68,090 132,713 18,296 219,099 5,168 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory and development wells combined; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells

only, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. • Revisions for 1990-2008 are due to

updates through January 2010 in the source files, including t

classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not inclsum of components due to independent rounding. Average dedue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations basDenver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Revi
Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2009

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Ty108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: These graphs depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7

for development wells only.

Source: Table 4.6.

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

Million Feet

Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas 

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet Per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 1950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 1955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 1960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 1965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 1970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 1971 659 470 5,952 7,081 15.9 3,786 3,610 34,499 41,895 5,745 1972 685 656 6,134 7,475 17.9 4,028 4,847 36,081 44,956 5,880 1973 642 1,067 5,952 7,661 22.3 4,008 7,038 34,571 45,618 6,243 1974 859 1,190 6,833 8,882 23.1 5,029 7,683 38,603 51,315 5,855 1975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 1976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 1977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 1978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 1979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 1980 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 29.9 10,177 13,862 50,249 74,288 5,727 1981 2,651 2,522 12,400 17,573 29.4 15,515 17,079 69,214 101,808 5,853 1982 2,437 2,133 11,307 15,877 28.8 13,413 14,763 60,680 88,856 5,504 1983 2,030 1,605 10,206 13,841 26.3 10,437 10,264 48,989 69,690 5,141 1984 2,209 1,528 11,321 15,058 24.8 12,294 9,935 58,624 80,853 5,565 1985 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 24.3 9,854 8,144 47,604 65,602 5,865 1986 1,084 797 5,567 7,448 25.3 6,579 5,401 30,325 42,305 6,069 1987 926 756 5,052 6,734 25.0 5,652 5,064 26,746 37,462 6,104 1988 855 747 4,711 6,313 25.4 5,286 4,992 27,079 37,357 6,182 1989 607 706 3,934 5,247 25.0 3,659 4,664 21,947 30,270 6,028 1990 778 R811 R3,651 5,240 30.3 R5,319 R5,757 R20,756 R31,832 R6,836 R1991 673 648 R3,190 R4,511 29.3 4,469 4,615 R18,046 R27,130 R6,640 R1992 571 513 R2,383 R3,467 31.3 3,957 3,543 R13,048 20,548 R6,929 R1993 539 R610 R2,333 R3,482 33.0 3,572 R3,953 R13,471 R20,996 6,627 R1994 595 780 R2,247 R3,622 38.0 R3,969 R5,119 R13,306 R22,394 R6,670 R1995 570 557 2,023 3,150 35.8 R3,933 R3,488 11,922 R19,343 R6,900 R1996 489 576 R1,956 R3,021 35.3 R3,654 3,901 R12,136 R19,691 R7,472 R1997 491 561 R2,113 R3,165 R33.2 3,946 4,032 13,499 R21,477 R8,036 R1998 327 566 R1,590 R2,483 36.0 R2,739 4,092 R10,843 R17,674 R8,376 R1999 R197 R567 R1,157 R1,921 R39.8 R1,431 R3,973 R7,688 R13,092 R7,263 R2000 R287 R655 R1,337 R2,279 R41.3 R2,090 R4,814 R9,129 R16,033 R7,282 R2001 R357 R1,052 R1,724 R3,133 45.0 R2,619 R7,326 R11,431 R21,376 R7,336 R2002 257 843 R1,279 R2,379 R46.2 R1,737 R5,726 R8,681 R16,144 R6,758 R2003 353 R999 R1,298 R2,650 R51.0 R2,464 R6,582 R8,825 R17,871 R6,980 R2004 R385 R1,677 R1,352 R3,414 R60.4 R3,147 R9,960 R9,346 R22,453 R8,174 R2005E R536 R2,149 R1,474 R4,159 R64.6 R4,277 R12,262 R9,434 R25,973 R7,979 R2006E R660 R2,464 R1,534 R4,658 R67.1 R4,883 R14,165 R9,696 R28,744 R7,398 R2007E R834 R2,878 R1,613 R5,325 R69.7 R6,169 R16,771 R10,330 R33,270 R7,396 R2008E R947 R2,652 R1,858 R5,457 R66.0 R7,724 R15,476 R10,994 R34,194 R8,156 R2009E 759 1,423 1,111 3,293 66.3 6,190 8,304 6,435 20,929 8,155 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells

combined, and Table 4.7 for development wells only. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed ina given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American PetroleumInstitute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a givenyear. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reportingof wells drilled. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing

data. • Revisions for 1990-2008 are due to updates through Ja

addition of data for new wells that are classified as horizontal or in this table. • Totals may not equal sum of components due may not equal average of components due to independent round

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations basDenver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Revi
Figure 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2009

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well T110 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: These graphs depict development wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure

4.6 for exploratory wells only.

Source: Table 4.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

50

100150200250

Million Feet Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

Wells Drilled

Successful

Wells

Footage Drilled 1 

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

Number Percent Thousand Feet 

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 1950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 1955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 41960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 1965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 1970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 1971 11,194 3,501 4,357 19,052 77.1 45,323 19,850 20,186 85,358 4,049 1972 10,693 4,784 4,757 20,234 76.5 45,241 25,159 22,475 92,875 4,231 1973 9,525 5,866 4,368 19,759 77.9 40,408 31,007 21,190 92,605 4,242 1974 12,788 5,948 5,283 24,019 78.0 46,996 30,766 24,296 102,059 3,675 1975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 1976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 41977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 1978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 1979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 1980 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 79.9 115,085 78,244 49,326 242,655 3,691 1981 41,236 17,728 15,553 74,517 79.1 156,652 91,274 65,720 313,646 3,799 1982 37,022 16,943 15,072 69,037 78.2 136,261 92,386 63,066 291,713 3,681 1983 35,336 13,079 14,149 62,564 77.4 126,412 67,844 56,233 250,489 3,577 1984 40,697 15,810 14,563 71,070 79.5 150,359 81,545 61,236 293,140 3,695 1985 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 79.2 127,874 68,149 52,784 248,807 3,808 1986 18,129 7,802 7,232 33,163 78.2 70,246 39,638 30,636 140,520 3,875 1987 15,284 7,340 6,115 28,739 78.7 60,706 37,520 26,842 125,068 3,972 1988 12,791 7,831 5,408 26,030 79.2 53,353 40,371 25,438 119,162 4,171 1989 9,623 8,816 4,302 22,741 81.1 39,607 44,417 20,152 104,176 4,116 1990 R12,022 R10,416 R4,586 R27,024 R83.0 R51,356 R51,245 R21,771 R124,372 R4,272 R41991 R11,869 R9,120 R4,286 R25,275 R83.0 R51,860 R46,356 R19,793 R118,009 R4,369 R1992 R8,808 R7,636 R3,474 R19,918 R82.6 R42,016 R41,205 R16,392 R99,613 R4,770 R1993 R8,289 R9,219 R3,760 R21,268 R82.3 R40,838 R54,369 R17,639 R112,846 R4,927 R1994 R6,739 R8,578 R2,845 R18,162 R84.3 R34,834 R53,241 R14,500 R102,575 R5,169 R1995 R7,660 R7,524 R2,790 R17,974 R84.5 R37,316 R46,328 R14,472 R98,116 R4,872 R1996 R8,330 R8,439 R2,934 R19,703 R85.1 R38,912 R52,304 R15,739 R106,955 R4,671 R1997 R10,698 R10,933 R3,761 R25,392 R85.2 R52,500 R67,523 R20,254 R140,277 R4,907 R1998 R7,332 R11,047 R3,173 R21,552 R85.3 R35,919 R66,189 R17,751 R119,859 R4,899 R1999 R4,562 R11,412 R2,397 R18,371 R87.0 R20,552 R56,261 R12,982 R89,795 R4,505 R42000 R7,802 R16,331 R2,797 R26,930 89.6 R34,775 R78,688 R14,858 R128,321 R4,457 R42001 R8,523 R20,981 R2,840 R32,344 91.2 R40,720 R103,322 R14,717 R158,759 R4,778 R42002 R6,505 R16,454 R2,449 R25,408 R90.4 R29,219 R87,329 R12,440 R128,988 R4,492 R2003 R7,751 R19,686 R2,672 R30,109 R91.1 R36,287 R109,428 R13,903 R159,618 R4,682 R2004 R8,379 R22,435 R2,701 R33,515 R91.9 R39,116 R128,504 R14,316 R181,936 R4,668 R2005E R10,160 R26,351 R3,182 R39,693 R92.0 R47,193 R151,771 R15,662 R214,626 R4,645 R2006E R12,629 R30,414 R3,649 R46,692 R92.2 R58,737 R178,756 R18,103 R255,596 R4,651 R2007E R12,730 R30,254 R3,508 R46,492 R92.5 R60,840 R196,470 R18,236 R275,546 R4,779 R2008E R16,423 R31,466 R3,868 R51,757 R92.5 R82,091 R219,854 R18,714 R320,659 R4,999 R2009E 12,416 17,730 2,426 32,572 92.6 61,900 124,409 11,861 198,170 4,986 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for exploratory and development wells

combined, and Table 4.6 for exploratory wells only. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests areexcluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are forwell completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The U.S. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data. • Revisions for 1990-2008 are due to

updates through January 2010 in the source files, including t

classified as horizontal or lateral, which were previously not inclsum of components due to independent rounding. Average dedue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1989submitted to the API. • 1990 forward—EIA computations basDenver, CO. For current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Revi
Figure 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled

Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2008 Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2008Costs per Well by Well Type, 2008 Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2008112 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Source: Table 4.8.

Real1

Nominal2

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Thousand Dollars

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Feet per Well

778

701

Crude Oil Natural Gas 

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Nominal Dollars24,624

5,284

6,331

5,136

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Thousand Nominal Dollars2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2008

Year

Thousand Dollars per Well Dollars per Foot

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 All Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 

Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Real 5 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 Nominal 4 

1960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 R295.4 13.22 18.57 10.56 1961 51.3 94.7 45.2 54.5 R289.9 13.11 17.65 10.56 1962 54.2 97.1 50.8 58.6 R307.6 13.41 18.10 11.20 1963 51.8 92.4 48.2 55.0 R285.6 13.20 17.19 10.58 1964 50.6 104.8 48.5 55.8 R285.3 13.12 18.57 10.64 1965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 R304.5 13.94 18.35 11.21 1966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 R333.9 15.04 21.75 12.34 1967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 R345.3 16.61 23.05 12.87 1968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 R370.1 18.63 24.05 12.88 1969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 R383.4 19.28 25.58 13.23 1970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 R390.2 19.29 26.75 15.21 1971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 R370.9 18.41 27.70 16.02 1972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 R399.6 20.77 27.78 17.28 1973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 R416.7 22.54 27.46 19.22 1974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 R452.4 27.82 34.11 26.76 1975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 R529.7 34.17 46.23 33.86 1976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 R539.9 37.35 49.78 36.94 1977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 R601.8 41.16 57.57 43.49 1978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 R692.9 49.72 68.37 52.55 1979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 R757.2 58.29 80.66 64.60 1980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 R770.0 66.36 95.16 73.70 1981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 R868.7 80.40 122.17 90.03 1982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 R928.3 86.34 146.20 104.09 1983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 R645.3 72.65 108.37 79.10 1984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 R546.2 66.32 88.80 67.18 1985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 R567.4 66.78 93.09 73.69 1986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 R579.3 68.35 93.02 76.53 1987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 R431.7 58.35 69.55 51.05 1988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 R529.5 62.28 84.65 66.96 1989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 R521.1 64.92 86.86 67.61 1990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 R531.3 69.17 90.73 67.49 1991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 R563.7 73.75 93.10 83.05 1992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 R499.9 69.50 72.83 67.82 1993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 R545.6 67.52 83.15 72.56 1994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 R605.0 70.57 81.90 86.60 1995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 R629.7 78.09 95.97 84.60 1996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 R597.1 70.60 98.67 95.74 1997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 R714.2 90.48 117.55 115.09 1998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 R899.4 108.88 127.94 157.79 1999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 R986.7 156.45 138.42 182.99 2000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 R851.2 125.96 138.39 181.83 2001 729.1 896.5 1,620.4 943.2 R1,040.4 153.72 172.05 271.63 2002 882.8 991.9 1,673.4 1,054.2 R1,144.4 194.55 175.78 284.17 2003 1,037.3 1,106.0 2,065.1 1,199.5 R1,274.8 221.13 189.95 345.94 2004 1,441.8 1,716.4 1,977.3 1,673.1 R1,729.0 298.45 284.78 327.91 2005 1,920.4 1,497.6 2,392.9 1,720.7 R1,720.7 314.36 280.03 429.92 2006 2,238.6 1,936.2 2,664.6 2,101.7 R2,035.4 402.45 348.36 479.33 2007 4,000.4 3,906.9 6,131.2 4,171.7 R3,927.7 717.13 604.06 1,132.09 2008 4,623.7 5,283.8 6,331.2 5,135.9 4,734.3 778.14 701.42 1,213.81 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary. 4 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. 

Notes: • The information reported for 1965 and prior years 

recent surveys. • Average cost is the arithmetic mean and iwells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "DevGlossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.api.org/staSource: American Petroleum Institute, 2008 Joint Association 
Figure 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Re

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2008Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve AdditionExpenditures, 1974-2008 Three-Year Moving Average114 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Crude oil equivalent.2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial 3.14.

Source: Table 4.9.

U.S. Total

Major U.S. Energy Companies-U

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 200

-2

0

2

468

10

12

-2

Billion Barrels COE1

Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign

Major U.S. Energy

Companies–United States M

Com

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

20406080

100120

Billion Dollars 2

Major U.S. Energy Companies

–Foreign

1975 1980 1985 1990 

07

14

21

2835

Dollars2 per Barrel COE1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,

 and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2008

Year

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1

of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Expenditur

T

U.S. Total

 Major U.S. Energy Companies 2 Major U.S. Energy Companies 2 Ma

United States Foreign United States Foreign United S

Million Barrels COE 3 Billion Dollars 4 

1974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA 1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.01976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.61977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.11978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.31979 5,071 1,378 51,208 21.3 7.8 9.31980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.81981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.61982 5,030 2,482 1,332 39.1 14.2 610.61983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.21984 6,653 3,941 1,298 48.1 17.3 68.21985 6,190 73,129 1,192 28.5 10.1 78.21986 4,866 2,178 51,375 17.4 7.5 6.61987 6,059 73,698 2,516 14.3 9.2 74.51988 7,156 3,359 2,460 21.0 13.0 5.01989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.61990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.81991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.51992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.01993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.61994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.71995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.61998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.11999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 17.5 10.22000 8,725 4,392 3,593 48.0 28.8 9.62001 7,449 4,271 6,744 33.9 35.9 10.42002 7,056 2,232 3,036 31.8 31.4 R10.62003 5,189 2,216 4,047 R27.4 28.2 R12.62004 6,624 2,825 841 R32.6 25.3 R12.02005 8,543 3,818 1,664 R46.8 47.3 R20.02006 6,479 2,175 2,747 R97.1 59.2 R21.82007 11,745 3,560 985 R64.9 42.7 R34.22008 5,335 1,848 3,309 97.9 50.3 NA 

1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production. 

See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural GasLiquids" in Glossary.

2 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.14). 

3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See

Appendix A.

4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data

for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions. 6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated withmergers among the FRS companies.

7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1

barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas res

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emSources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: • 1974-1976

(EIA), Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reportsReserves: • 1975-1979—American Gas Association, AmePetroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Othe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, VolumU.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exp

Development by Region

Total, 1974-2008 U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2008 U.S. Onshore and OfBy Region, 2008116 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Includes all Europe except countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary. 3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Eurasia” and “Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary. 4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

5 This region includes areas that are westward of the 

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or fo

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form thSee Table 3.14. 

Source: Table 4.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

4080

120160

Billion Dollars1

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1 Onshore

Offshore

United States

Foreign

97.9

6.4 8.4 3.2

14.2

4.5

United States Canada Europe2 Eurasia3 Africa Middle East Other 

0

306090

120

Billion Dollars1

Hem
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratio

 by Region, 1974-2008 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

United States Foreign

Onshore Offshore Total Canada Europe 

2 Eurasia 3 Africa

Middle

East

Other

Eastern

Hemisphere 4

Oth

West

Hemisp

1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA – – NA NA NA N1975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA – – NA NA NA N1976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA – – NA NA NA N1977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 – – .7 .2 .3 1978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 – – .8 .3 .4 1979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 – – .8 .2 .5 1980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 – – 1.4 .2 .8 11981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 – – 2.1 .3 1.9 11982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 – – 2.1 .4 2.4 11983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 – – 1.7 .5 2.0 1984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 – – 3.4 .5 2.0 1985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 – – 1.6 .9 1.3 1986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 – – 1.1 .3 1.2 1987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 – – .8 .4 2.8 1988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 – – .8 .4 1.4 1989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 – – 1.0 .4 2.3 1990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 1991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 – – 1.5 .5 2.4 1992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 – – 1.4 .6 2.4 1993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 .3 1.5 .7 2.5 1994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 .3 1.4 .4 2.8 1995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 .4 2.0 .4 2.4 1996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 .5 2.8 .5 4.1 11997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 .6 3.0 .6 3.0 11998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 .9 3.9 31999 6.6 6.9 13.5 2.1 4.1 .6 3.1 .4 3.4 32000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 .9 2.7 .6 6.8 52001 24.2 9.6 33.9 15.3 5.4 .9 5.5 .7 5.0 32002 22.3 9.5 31.8 6.7 9.8 1.3 5.1 .8 6.2 12003 R14.9 12.5 R27.4 4.9 5.7 2.1 9.2 1.0 4.2 12004 R22.1 10.5 R32.6 5.3 4.4 2.0 6.9 1.3 3.8 12005 R35.5 11.3 R46.8 9.1 6.1 6.3 10.7 1.5 12.0 12006 R70.2 26.8 R97.1 17.0 29.0 32.4 12.9 3.1 6.6 82007 R50.8 14.1 R64.9 5.8 8.1 2.9 12.5 3.2 6.8 32008 76.4 21.5 97.9 6.4 8.4 3.2 14.2 4.5 9.6 4

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Through 2005, includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (the Federal Republic

of), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2006, includes all Europe except countries that were part ofthe former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 3 Through 2005, includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. as well as Albania, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, andSlovenia. Beginning in 2006, includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia"and "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

4 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

5 This region includes areas that are westward of the Gre

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top pub

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/eSources: • 1974-1976—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Use, FRS Database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—Producers, annual reports.
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009

By Key State By RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 4.11.

119

104

62

32 29 27 23

16 12 12 9

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

153045607590

105120135

Billion Short Tons231 

Western 

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

259

Bitu- S

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

255

233

West of the East of the

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi

333

155

Underground Surface

0

50

100150200250300350

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi minous m
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2009

 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State

Anthracite Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Underg

Appalachian .............................................. 4.0 3.4 69.0 22.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 73

 Alabama ................................................... .0 .0 .9 2.1 .0 .0 1.1  Kentucky, Eastern .................................... .0 .0 .9 9.2 .0 .0 .0  Ohio .......................................................... .0 .0 17.4 5.7 .0 .0 .0 17 Pennsylvania ............................................ 3.8 3.4 19.1 .9 .0 .0 .0 22 Virginia ...................................................... .1 .0 .9 .5 .0 .0 .0 1 West Virginia ............................................ .0 .0 28.7 3.5 .0 .0 .0 28 Other 2 ...................................................... .0 .0 1.1 .3 .0 .0 .0 1

Interior ....................................................... .1 .0 116.9 27.2 .0 .0 12.7 117

 Illinois ........................................................ .0 .0 87.8 16.5 .0 .0 .0 87 Indiana ...................................................... .0 .0 8.7 .7 .0 .0 .0 8 Iowa .......................................................... .0 .0 1.7 .5 .0 .0 .0 1 Kentucky, Western ................................... .0 .0 15.7 3.6 .0 .0 .0 15 Missouri .................................................... .0 .0 1.5 4.5 .0 .0 .0 1 Oklahoma ................................................. .0 .0 1.2 .3 .0 .0 .0 1 Texas ........................................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.2  Other 3 ...................................................... .1 .0 .3 1.1 .0 .0 0.4 

Western ..................................................... (s) .0 21.3 2.3 121.2 57.1 29.3 142

 Alaska ....................................................... .0 .0 .6 .1 4.8 .6 (s) 5 Colorado ................................................... (s) .0 7.5 .6 3.7 .0 4.2 11 Montana .................................................... .0 .0 1.4 .0 69.6 32.4 15.8 71 New Mexico .............................................. (s) .0 2.7 .9 3.5 5.0 .0 6 North Dakota ............................................ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 8.9  Utah .......................................................... .0 .0 5.0 .3 (s) .0 .0 5 Washington ............................................... .0 .0 .3 .0 1.0 .0 (s) 1 Wyoming ................................................... .0 .0 3.8 .5 38.6 19.1 .0 42 Other 4 ...................................................... .0 .0 .0 .0 (s) (s) .4 

U.S. Total ................................................... 4.1 3.4 207.2 51.6 121.2 57.1 43.0 332

 States East of the Mississippi River ......... 4.0 3.4 181.2 43.0 .0 .0 1.1 185 States West of the Mississippi River ........ .1 .0 26.1 8.6 121.2 57.1 41.9 147

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. • Data represent remaining measured and indicated coal resources, analyzed

and on file, meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, and in 

coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability wi0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fiftbase of coal in the United States is estimated to be recovecomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserv
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001 and 2004-2008 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-2001 and 2004-2008 Footage Drilled, Selected Years120 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 4.12.

20

29

3 

38

75

2 

1968 1978 1988 

0

20406080

Thousands 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

8

19

2

16

29

1 

1968 1978 1988 

048

12

16202428

32

Million Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

102030405060

Million Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled Footage Drilled Holes Drilled 

Thousands Million Feet Thousands Million Feet Thousands 

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA .57 NA .21 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA .76 NA 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 .95 13.56 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1971 28.42 11.40 10.44 4.05 38.86 1972 26.91 11.82 9.71 3.61 36.62 1973 22.56 10.83 11.70 5.59 34.26 1974 27.40 14.72 12.30 6.84 39.70 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 .72 .29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 .77 .34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 .97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 .86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 .80 3.84 1990 1.51 .87 1.91 .81 3.42 1991 1.62 .97 1.57 .87 3.20 1992 .94 .56 .83 .50 1.77 1993 .36 .22 1.67 .89 2.02 1994 .52 .34 .48 .32 1.00 1995 .58 .40 1.73 .95 2.31 1996 1.12 .88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 .89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 .27 .18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 .00 .00 1.02 .66 1.02 2002 W W W W W 2003 NA NA NA NA W 2004 W W W W 2.19 2005 W W W W 3.14 2006 1.47 .82 3.43 1.89 4.90 2007 4.35 2.20 5.00 2.95 9.35 2008 5.20 2.54 4.16 2.55 9.36 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.

2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and

configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: • Data for 2009 were not available in time for this publication. For data updates, see

http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.htm

Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983)Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, "Domestic Uranium Production Report" (May 2009).
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

Reserves Reserves and Resources122 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,

Virginia, and Washington.

Notes: • See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. • Data are Source: Table 4.13.

Forwa

(doll

2.2

3.3

0.5

$50 or Less 

0

1

2

3456

Billion Pounds Uranium Oxide

ReservesEstimated AdditionaSpeculative Resourc

Forward-Cost Category

(dollars1 per pound)

Colorado,

Utah

446

390

198

40

154

220

179

63

27

50

Wyoming New Arizona, Texas Others2

0

100200300400500

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

$50 or Less$100 or Less

Mexico
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2008

 (Million Pounds Uranium Oxide)

Resource Category and State

Forward-Cost 1 Category (dollars 2 per pound

$50 or Less 

Reserves 3 .......................................................................................................................... 539  Wyoming ......................................................................................................................... 220  New Mexico .................................................................................................................... 179  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ................................................................................................. 63  Texas .............................................................................................................................. 27  Others 4 .......................................................................................................................... 50 

Potential Resources 5

 Estimated Additional Resources ........................................................................................ 3,310  Speculative Resources ...................................................................................................... 2,230 

1 Forward costs include the costs for power and fuel, labor, materials, insurance, severance and ad

valorem taxes, and applicable administrative costs. Past capital costs are considered "sunk" costs andmining of the individual deposits may or may not return such costs to investors. Sunk costs for such itemsas exploration and land acquisition are excluded as are the costs for income taxes, profit, and the cost ofmoney. The forward costs used to estimate U.S. uranium ore reserves are independent of the price atwhich uranium produced from the estimated reserves might be sold in the commercial market. Resourcevalues in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level of forward cost includesall reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category.

2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the

internationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR). 4 Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia,

and Washington. 5 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimate

to the nearest million pounds uranium oxide.

Notes: • Estimates are at end of year. • See "Uranium 

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/reserves/ures.html.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: Reserves: EIA, U.S. Uranium Reserves Est

Resources: EIA estimates based on uranium resources datResource Evaluation program and U.S. Geological Survey Uramethodology described in Uranium Resource Assessment by Plan to Update the National Resource Base, U.S. Geological Su

Petroleum

5

Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 5.0. Petroleum Flow, 2009

(Million Barrels per Day)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Unfinished oils, hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, and motor gasoline

and aviation gasoline blending components.

2 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production (0.75), net imports (1.34) and adjustments

(-0.03) minus stock change (0.06) and product supplied (-0.08).

3 Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.4 Natural gas plant liquids.

5 Production minus refinery input.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived frpublication. • Totals may not equal sum of components dSources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 5

February 2010, Table 4.
Figure 5.1 Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2009 Overview, 2009Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Field Production, 1949-2009 Trade, 1949-2009128 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 7.2 11.7

2.0

Production 2 Imports Export

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day Production2 Consumption1

Net Imports

5.31 in

2009

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Peak: 9.64

in 1970

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Imports

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day

Exports
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Field Production 1

Renewable

Fuels

and

Oxygenates 5

Processing

Gain 6

Trade

S

Ch

Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids 4 Total Imports 7 Exports

Net

Imports 8 48 States 3 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 NA -2 645 327 318 1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 NA 2 850 305 545 1955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 NA 34 1,248 368 880 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 NA 146 1,815 202 1,613 1965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 NA 220 2,468 187 2,281 1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 NA 359 3,419 259 3,161 1971 9,245 218 9,463 1,693 11,155 NA 382 3,926 224 3,701 1972 9,242 199 9,441 1,744 11,185 NA 388 4,741 222 4,519 1973 9,010 198 9,208 1,738 10,946 NA 453 6,256 231 6,025 1974 8,581 193 8,774 1,688 10,462 NA 480 6,112 221 5,892 1975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 NA 460 6,056 209 5,846 1976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 NA 477 7,313 223 7,090 1977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 NA 524 8,807 243 8,565 1978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 NA 496 8,363 362 8,002 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 NA 527 8,456 471 7,985 1980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 NA 597 6,909 544 6,365 1981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 NA 508 5,996 595 5,401 1982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 NA 531 5,113 815 4,298 1983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 NA 488 5,051 739 4,312 1984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 NA 553 5,437 722 4,715 1985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 NA 557 5,067 781 4,286 1986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 NA 616 6,224 785 5,439 1987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 NA 639 6,678 764 5,914 1988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 NA 655 7,402 815 6,587 1989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 NA 661 8,061 859 7,202 1990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 NA 683 8,018 857 7,161 1991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 NA 715 7,627 1,001 6,626 1992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 NA 772 7,888 950 6,938 1993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 NA 766 8,620 1,003 7,618 1994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 NA 768 8,996 942 8,054 1995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 NA 774 8,835 949 7,886 1996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 NA 837 9,478 981 8,498 1997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 NA 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 1998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 NA 886 10,708 945 9,764 1999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 NA 886 10,852 940 9,912 2000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 NA 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 2001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 NA 903 11,871 971 10,900 2002 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 NA 957 11,530 984 10,546 2003 4,706 974 5,681 1,719 7,400 NA 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 2004 4,510 908 5,419 1,809 7,228 NA 1,051 13,145 1,048 12,097 2005 4,314 864 5,178 1,717 6,895 NA 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 2006 4,361 741 5,102 1,739 6,841 NA 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 2007 4,342 722 5,064 1,783 6,847 NA 996 13,468 1,433 12,036 2008 R4,268 683 R4,950 R1,784 R6,734 NA R993 R12,915 R1,802 R11,114 2009P 4,665 645 5,310 1,886 7,196 735 981 11,726 2,026 9,700 

1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and

a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes whatwas previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blendingcomponents, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments." 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 4 See Table 5.10. 5 Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production. 6 Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. See Table 5.8. 7 Includes crude oil imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 8 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 9 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. Includescrude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes distillate fuel oil stocks in the NortheastHeating Oil Reserve. See Table 5.16.

10 An adjustment for crude oil, finished motor gasoline, m

ethanol, and distillate fuel oil. See EIA, Petroleum Supply Month

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 

barrels per day.

Notes: • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied an

"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2009

By Geographic Location By Site48 States1 and Alaska Number of Producing Wells Average Productivity130 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: Table 5.2.

Total

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)Total

1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) 48 States1 Alaska Offshore Onshore

Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day48 States1

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

1960 1970 

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

1985: 647 thousand wells

2009: 526

thousand

wells
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, Selected Years, 1954-2009

Year

Geographic Location Site Type

Total

Production

48 States 2 Alaska Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Lease Condensate Produc

Thousand Barrels per Day Tho

1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,342 5 ( ) 6,342 1955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,807 5 ( ) 6,807 1960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,035 5 ( ) 7,035 1965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,804 5 ( ) 7,804 1970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 1975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 1976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 1977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 1978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 1979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 1980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 1981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 1982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 1983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,688 5 ( ) 8,688 1984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,879 5 ( ) 8,879 1985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,971 5 ( ) 8,971 1986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,680 5 ( ) 8,680 1987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,349 5 ( ) 8,349 1988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,140 5 ( ) 8,140 1989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,613 5 ( ) 7,613 1990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,355 5 ( ) 7,355 1991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,417 5 ( ) 7,417 1992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,171 5 ( ) 7,171 1993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,847 5 ( ) 6,847 1994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,662 5 ( ) 6,662 1995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,560 5 ( ) 6,560 1996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,465 5 ( ) 6,465 1997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,452 5 ( ) 6,452 1998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,252 5 ( ) 6,252 1999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,881 5 ( ) 5,881 2000 4,851 970 4,049 1,773 5,822 5 ( ) 5,822 2001 4,839 963 3,879 1,923 5,801 5 ( ) 5,801 2002 4,761 984 3,743 2,003 5,746 5 ( ) 5,746 2003 4,706 974 3,668 2,012 5,681 5 ( ) 5,681 2004 4,510 908 3,536 1,883 5,419 5 ( ) 5,419 2005 4,314 864 3,466 1,712 5,178 5 ( ) 5,178 2006 4,361 741 3,401 1,701 5,102 5 ( ) 5,102 2007 4,342 722 3,407 1,657 5,064 5 ( ) 5,064 2008 R4,268 683 R3,580 1,371 R4,950 5 ( ) R4,950 R2009 P4,665 P645 E3,442 E1,868 P5,310 5 ( ) P5,310 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 3 As of December 31. 4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in

1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year.

5 Included in "Crude Oil."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related infomation.Sources: Onshore: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement

(PS), Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports. 

• 2009—EIA estimates based on Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil

production data reported by State conservation agencies. O

Survey, Outer Continental Shelf Statistics (June 1979). • 1970Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—EIA, Ereports. • 1981-2008—EIA, PSA, annual reports. • 2009—"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report," and crude oil prodagencies. Producing Wells: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy D• 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Association of America, • 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World Oil, February issueof Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, PS, Annual, annual reports. PS, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008—EIA, PSA, annual Monthly (February 2010).
Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

Total, 1949-2009 By Selected Product, 1949-2009By Product, 2009132 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and

oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Total

Crude

Oil

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Products

718

668

343

224 222

168

82

20

Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils Residual Distillate Motor LPG1 Jet Fuel Aspha

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day

Blending Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Gasoline

Components

Road 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1,2

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 3

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 5

Motor Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Pro

Propane 

4 Total

1949 421 3 5 3 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 1950 487 5 7 3 ( ) 0 0 (s) 7 ( ) 329 21 1955 782 9 12 3 ( ) 0 0 13 7 ( ) 417 15 1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 7 ( ) 637 45 1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 7 ( ) 946 92 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 7 ( ) 1,528 108 1971 1,681 20 153 180 32 70 59 7 ( ) 1,583 124 1972 2,216 25 182 194 43 89 68 7 ( ) 1,742 125 1973 3,244 23 392 212 71 132 134 7 ( ) 1,853 137 1974 3,477 31 289 163 59 123 204 7 ( ) 1,587 121 1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 7 ( ) 1,223 36 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 7 ( ) 1,413 32 1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 7 ( ) 1,359 31 1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 7 ( ) 1,355 27 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 7 ( ) 1,151 59 1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 7 ( ) 939 55 1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 2000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 2001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 2002 9,140 27 267 107 145 183 498 311 249 410 2003 9,665 12 333 109 168 225 518 367 327 335 2004 10,088 43 325 127 209 263 496 451 426 490 2005 10,126 43 329 190 233 328 603 510 530 582 2006 10,118 50 365 186 228 332 475 669 350 689 2007 10,031 40 304 217 182 247 413 753 372 717 2008 R9,783 R25 R213 R103 R185 R253 R302 R789 R349 763 2009P 9,060 20 224 82 142 168 222 718 343 668 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Includes imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. See Table 5.17. 3 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet

fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 4 Includes propylene. 5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents. 6 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemicalfeedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline and

special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type 

7 Included in "Motor Gasoline."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and ter

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2009 Selected Countries, 2009Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2009 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2009134 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.4.

Total

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Million Barrels per Day

2.5

1.2

1.1 1.0

0.8

0

Canada Mexico Vene- Saudi Nigeria Ru

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.62.02.42.8

Million Barrels per Day

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela Nigeria

Arabia

Iraq

zuela

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Im

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Brazil Canada Mexico Russia 5

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 22 6 ( ) 84 911 1,233 1 120 16 0 (s) 581 1961 346 25 6 ( ) 73 879 1,224 7 190 40 0 1 693 1962 272 2 6 ( ) 74 906 1,265 5 250 49 0 2 816 1963 303 1 6 ( ) 108 900 1,282 6 265 48 0 3 840 1964 315 0 6 ( ) 131 933 1,352 1 299 47 0 (s) 907 1965 345 16 6 ( ) 158 994 1,439 0 323 48 0 (s) 1,029 1966 306 26 6 ( ) 147 1,018 1,444 0 384 45 0 6 1,129 1967 198 5 6 ( ) 92 938 1,247 2 450 49 0 11 1,290 1968 202 0 6 ( ) 74 886 1,287 (s) 506 45 0 28 1,553 1969 179 0 6 ( ) 65 875 1,286 0 608 43 2 20 1,879 1970 121 0 6 ( ) 30 989 1,294 2 766 42 3 11 2,126 1971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 3 857 27 0 10 2,253 1972 471 4 251 190 959 2,046 5 1,108 21 8 9 2,695 41973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 9 1,325 16 26 15 3,263 1974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,256 2 1,070 8 20 8 2,856 1975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 5 846 71 14 14 2,454 1976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 0 599 87 11 31 2,247 1977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 0 517 179 12 126 2,614 1978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 0 467 318 8 180 2,612 1979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 1 538 439 1 202 2,819 1980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 3 455 533 1 176 2,609 1981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 23 447 522 5 375 2,672 1982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 47 482 685 1 456 2,968 1983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 41 547 826 1 382 3,189 1984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 60 630 748 13 402 3,388 1985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 61 770 816 8 310 3,237 1986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 50 807 699 18 350 3,387 1987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 84 848 655 11 352 3,617 1988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 98 999 747 29 315 3,882 1989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 82 931 767 48 215 3,921 1990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 49 934 755 45 189 3,721 1991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 22 1,033 807 29 138 3,535 1992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 20 1,069 830 18 230 3,796 1993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 33 1,181 919 55 350 4,347 1994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 31 1,272 984 30 458 4,749 1995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 8 1,332 1,068 25 383 4,833 1996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 9 1,424 1,244 25 308 5,267 1997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 5 1,563 1,385 13 226 5,593 11998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 26 1,598 1,351 24 250 5,803 11999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 26 1,539 1,324 89 365 5,899 12000 2,488 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 51 1,807 1,373 72 366 6,257 12001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 82 1,828 1,440 90 324 6,343 12002 2,269 459 621 1,552 1,398 4,605 116 1,971 1,547 210 478 6,925 12003 2,501 481 867 1,774 1,376 5,162 108 2,072 1,623 254 440 7,103 12004 2,493 656 1,140 1,558 1,554 5,701 104 2,138 1,665 298 380 7,444 12005 2,334 531 1,166 1,537 1,529 5,587 156 2,181 1,662 410 396 8,127 12006 2,211 553 1,114 1,463 1,419 5,517 193 2,353 1,705 369 272 8,190 12007 2,163 484 1,134 1,485 1,361 5,980 200 2,455 1,532 414 277 7,489 12008 R2,370 627 R988 R1,529 R1,189 R5,954 258 R2,493 R1,302 R465 R236 R6,961 R12009P 1,701 450 804 1,012 1,078 4,786 307 2,464 1,234 554 245 6,939 1

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes imports

from the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 5 Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the former U.S.S.R. See

"U.S.S.R." in Glossary. 6 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is inc

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum produc

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. Forefineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Mimports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AP.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1annual reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (Febru
Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

Total, 1949-2009 By Selected Product, 1949-2009By Product, 2009136 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,

pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Source: Table 5.5.

Total

Products

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Barrels per Day

Residual Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coke Gasoline Nap

587

415

391

195

100

69 57

Distillate Residual Petroleum Motor LPG1 Jet Fuel Lubricants Sp

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 4

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

Propane 

3 Total

1949 91 34 2 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 1950 95 35 2 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 1 84 10 54 4 1971 1 8 4 13 26 43 1 74 14 36 4 1972 1 3 3 18 31 41 1 85 13 33 4 1973 2 9 4 15 27 35 4 96 19 23 5 1974 3 2 3 14 25 33 2 113 15 14 4 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 1999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 2000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 2001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 2002 9 112 15 55 67 33 124 337 0 177 15 2003 12 107 20 37 56 37 125 361 0 197 22 2004 27 110 40 28 43 41 124 350 0 205 27 2005 32 138 53 37 53 40 136 347 0 251 21 2006 25 215 41 45 56 55 142 366 0 283 14 2007 27 268 41 42 57 59 127 366 0 330 18 2008 29 R528 61 53 67 60 172 R377 0 355 13 2009P 44 587 69 85 100 57 195 391 0 415 22 

1 Includes lease condensate. 2 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,

kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other Products."

3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline. 5 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other

hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-typejet fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and terri

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2009 By Selected Country, 1960-2009By Selected Country, 2009138 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 5.6.

Total Exports

Japan

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day

Exports to

Canada and Mexico

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Thousand Barrels per Day Canada 

and

Luxembo

322

223

192

59 55

40 35 34 33 29 

Mexico Canada Netherlands Japan Brazil Spain Italy France United Belgium 

0

50

100150200250300350

Thousand Barrels per Day

Kingdom 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

I

P

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1961 4 4 23 4 5 59 12 4 NA NA 10 1962 3 5 21 3 5 54 14 5 NA NA 8 1963 9 4 22 4 8 58 19 13 NA NA 11 1964 4 4 27 4 8 56 24 9 NA NA 10 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 1980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 1981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 1982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 1983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 1984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 1985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 1986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 1987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 1988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 1989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 1990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 1991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 1992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 1994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 1995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 1996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 2002 19 26 106 12 29 74 254 23 11 54 12 2003 13 27 141 9 39 69 228 15 10 39 6 2004 20 27 158 18 32 63 209 36 12 42 14 2005 21 39 181 14 28 56 268 25 16 35 21 2006 23 42 159 13 39 58 255 83 21 42 28 2007 13 46 189 24 34 54 279 81 16 48 9 2008 18 R54 264 R27 41 R54 R333 131 R18 R54 17 2009P 29 55 223 34 35 59 322 192 23 40 33 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related information.Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Ad

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2009

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC140 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 5.7.

OPEC

NonOPEC 

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day 

Total

Share of

Total Net Imports

Share of

Consumption

2009: 51.9%

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Percent

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

255075

100

Percent

1985: 27.3%

1973: 34.8%
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2009

Year

Persian

Gulf 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 1 Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Tota

Impo

Shar

Consum

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia 3 Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC 4

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 84 910 1,232 86 -2 -12 34 381 1,613 161965 NA 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 158 994 1,438 297 21 -11 45 843 2,281 191970 NA 8 9 ( ) 30 989 1,294 736 9 -1 270 1,867 3,161 211971 NA 15 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 241972 NA 92 251 189 959 2,044 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,475 4,519 271973 NA 136 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 341974 NA 190 713 461 978 3,254 1,038 -27 1 475 2,638 5,892 351975 NA 282 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 351976 NA 432 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 401977 NA 559 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 461978 NA 649 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 421979 NA 636 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 431980 NA 488 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 371981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 331982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 281983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 281984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 301985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 271986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 331987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 351988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 381989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 411990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 421991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 391992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 401993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 441994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 451995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 441996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 461997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 491998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 511999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 502000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 522001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 552002 2,265 264 620 1,551 1,387 4,589 1,864 1,292 467 224 5,958 10,546 532003 2,497 381 866 1,774 1,364 5,144 1,932 1,395 434 279 6,094 11,238 562004 2,489 452 1,139 1,557 1,548 5,688 1,980 1,456 366 321 6,409 12,097 582005 2,330 478 1,165 1,536 1,515 5,567 2,001 1,394 375 317 6,982 12,549 602006 2,208 657 1,111 1,462 1,392 5,480 2,194 1,450 244 318 6,910 12,390 592007 2,159 663 1,133 1,483 1,339 5,946 2,266 1,254 268 336 6,090 12,036 582008 R2,368 R548 R982 R1,529 R1,162 R5,899 R2,229 R969 R219 307 R5,214 R11,114 R572009P 1,690 485 793 1,011 1,052 4,686 2,241 912 211 257 5,014 9,700 51

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone

(between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). 3 Through 1970, includes half the imports from the Neutral Zone. Beginning in 1971, includes importsfrom the Neutral Zone that are reported to U.S. Customs as originating in Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and theNeutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia); beginning in 1961, also includes Qatar; beginning in1962, also includes Libya; for 1962-2008, also includes Indonesia; beginning in 1967, also includes UnitedArab Emirates; beginning in 1969, also includes Algeria; beginning in 1971, also includes Nigeria; for1973-1992 and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November2007, on this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1975-1994, also includesGabon; and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC"are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied

(consumption). 6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 7 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum product

supplied (consumption). 8 Algeria joined OPEC in 1969. For 1960-1968, Algeria is inc

9 Nigeria joined OPEC in 1971. For 1960-1970, Nigeria is inc

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum product

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Midimports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Tdue to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Year

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdP.A.D. Districts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 19annual reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (Februa
Figure 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, 1949-2009

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs Refinery and Blender Net Production of Select142 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 See Table 5.8, footnote 4. Source: Table 5.8.

Resid

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

Motor G

Je

Distill

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

 and Other Liquids1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.8 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Refinery and Blender Net Inputs 1 Refinery and Blender Net Production 2

Crude

Oil 3

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 4 Total

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 6

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 934 5 ( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 1950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,093 5 ( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 1955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 1960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 1965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 1970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 1971 11,199 781 136 12,116 454 2,495 835 357 5,970 299 753 474 1972 11,696 826 168 12,691 446 2,630 847 356 6,281 327 799 507 1973 12,431 815 155 13,401 480 2,820 859 375 6,527 362 971 518 1974 12,133 746 138 13,018 470 2,668 836 338 6,358 339 1,070 521 1975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,235 523 1976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 1977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 1983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 1984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 1985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 1986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 1987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 1988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 1989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 1990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 1991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 1992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 1993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 1994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 1995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 1996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 1997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 1998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 1999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 2000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 2001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 2002 14,947 429 941 16,316 492 3,592 1,514 671 8,183 781 601 667 2003 15,304 419 791 16,513 496 3,707 1,488 658 8,194 798 660 702 2004 15,475 422 866 16,762 508 3,814 1,547 645 8,265 836 655 704 2005 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 512 3,954 1,546 573 8,318 835 628 684 2006 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 506 4,040 1,481 627 8,364 848 635 709 2007 15,156 505 1,337 16,999 456 4,133 1,448 655 8,358 823 673 697 2008 R14,648 R485 R2,019 R17,153 R410 R4,294 R1,493 R630 R8,548 R818 R620 R670 2009P 14,313 489 2,081 16,883 359 4,046 1,398 630 8,765 800 599 646 

1 See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs" in Glossary. 2 See "Refinery and Blender Net Production" in Glossary. 3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981, also includes aviation

and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in 1993, also includes oxygenates (net).

5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

7 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, an

also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, alsnaphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fue

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2009

Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity144 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Operable refineries capacity on January 1. Source: Table 5.9.

324 in 1981

68.6% in 198

150 in 2009

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400

Total Units

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Capacity1

Unused

Capacity

Gross Input to Distillation Units
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

Operable

Refineries 1

Operable Refineries Capacity

Gross Input

to Distillation Units 3 

On January 1 Annual Average 2 

Number Thousand Barrels per Day Thousand Barrels per Day 

1949 336 6,231 NA 5,556 1950 320 6,223 NA 5,980 1955 296 8,386 NA 7,820 1960 309 9,843 NA 8,439 1965 293 10,420 NA 9,557 1970 276 12,021 NA 11,517 1971 272 12,860 NA 11,881 1972 274 13,292 NA 12,431 1973 268 13,642 NA 13,151 1974 273 14,362 NA 12,689 1975 279 14,961 NA 12,902 1976 276 15,237 NA 13,884 1977 282 16,398 NA 14,982 1978 296 17,048 NA 15,071 1979 308 17,441 NA 14,955 1980 319 17,988 NA 13,796 1981 324 18,621 18,603 12,752 1982 301 17,890 17,432 12,172 1983 258 16,859 16,668 11,947 1984 247 16,137 16,035 12,216 1985 223 15,659 15,671 12,165 1986 216 15,459 15,459 12,826 1987 219 15,566 15,642 13,003 1988 213 15,915 15,927 13,447 1989 204 15,655 15,701 13,551 1990 205 15,572 15,623 13,610 1991 202 15,676 15,707 13,508 1992 199 15,696 15,460 13,600 1993 187 15,121 15,143 13,851 1994 179 15,034 15,150 14,032 1995 175 15,434 15,346 14,119 1996 170 15,333 15,239 14,337 1997 164 15,452 15,594 14,838 1998 163 15,711 15,802 15,113 1999 159 16,261 16,282 15,080 2000 158 16,512 16,525 15,299 2001 155 16,595 16,582 15,352 2002 153 16,785 16,744 15,180 2003 149 16,757 16,748 15,508 2004 149 16,894 16,974 15,783 2005 148 17,125 17,196 15,578 2006 149 17,339 17,385 15,602 2007 149 17,443 17,450 15,450 2008 150 17,594 R17,607 15,027 2009P 150 17,672 17,674 14,640 

1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all

"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary. 2 Average of monthly capacity data. 3 See Note 3, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section. 4 Through 1980, utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the sumof the current year’s January 1 capacity and the following year’s January 1 capacity. Beginning in 1981,utilization is calculated by dividing gross input to distillation units by the annual average capacity.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: Operable Refineries and Operable Refineries Capacity: • 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines

Information Circular, "Petroleum Refineries, Including Cr

• 1962-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pet• 1978-1981—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Enthe United States. • 1982-2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply AnnuCapacity Report (June 2009), Table 1. Gross Input to DistMines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Pe

• 1967-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pe

• 1978-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refinerie• 1981-2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (January-December 2009 issues). Utilization: • 1949-1980—Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2009—Calculated.
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2009 By Product, 2009By Selected Product, 1949-2009146 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Source: Table 5.10.

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

NGPL1

763

538

266

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

Plus 

Iso

Norm

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

Thousand Barrels per Day 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pe

P

Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 1950 66 12 13 69 101 195 1955 68 34 30 120 205 390 1960 47 51 45 161 291 549 1965 41 92 67 185 390 734 1970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 1971 25 221 88 249 586 1,144 1972 21 275 92 249 600 1,215 1973 16 296 92 249 587 1,225 1974 7 323 92 244 569 1,227 1975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 1976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 1977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 1978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 1979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 1980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 1981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 1982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 1983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 1984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 1985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 1986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 1987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 1988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 1989 NA 466 149 151 471 1,237 1990 NA 477 151 149 474 1,250 1991 NA 530 169 150 487 1,336 1992 NA 541 189 137 499 1,365 1993 NA 556 192 142 513 1,402 1994 NA 559 195 136 510 1,400 1995 NA 573 185 151 519 1,428 1996 NA 627 192 150 525 1,494 1997 NA 637 191 144 528 1,499 1998 NA 607 181 148 513 1,450 1999 NA 675 187 155 529 1,547 2000 NA 717 188 160 539 1,605 2001 NA 692 198 133 538 1,562 2002 NA 700 201 131 549 1,581 2003 NA 625 183 129 506 1,444 2004 NA 686 168 152 526 1,532 2005 NA 649 168 134 499 1,451 2006 NA 676 163 136 501 1,476 2007 NA 709 176 128 507 1,520 2008 NA R701 173 134 512 1,520 2009P NA 763 188 131 538 1,620 

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane.

3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40

percent propane.

4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant

condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, MineraAnnual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy InformReports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 19annual reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (Febru
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

By Selected Product, 1949-2009By Product, 2009 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Pro

1949-2009

148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes

plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneous products, and crude oil burned as fuel.

Source: 5.11.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

Residual Fuel Oil

L

Jet Fuel

9.0

3.6

2.0

1.4

0.5 0.4

1.7

Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Petroleum Other2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

Fuel Oil Fuel Fuel Oil Coke
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil O

Propane 2 Total 

1949 157 93 902 1 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 1950 180 108 1,082 1 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 1955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 1960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 1965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 1970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 1971 458 49 2,661 1,010 249 794 1,251 135 6,014 219 2,296 1972 468 46 2,913 1,045 235 893 1,420 144 6,376 241 2,529 1973 522 45 3,092 1,059 216 872 1,449 162 6,674 261 2,822 1974 481 44 2,948 993 176 830 1,406 155 6,537 239 2,639 1975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 1983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 2000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 2001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 2002 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 2003 503 16 3,927 1,578 55 1,215 2,074 140 8,935 455 772 2004 537 17 4,058 1,630 64 1,276 2,132 141 9,105 524 865 2005 546 19 4,118 1,679 70 1,229 2,030 141 9,159 515 920 2006 521 18 4,169 1,633 54 1,215 2,052 137 9,253 522 689 2007 494 17 4,196 1,622 32 1,235 2,085 142 9,286 490 723 2008 417 15 R3,945 R1,539 R14 R1,154 R1,954 R131 R8,989 R464 R622 R2009P 357 14 3,631 1,396 17 1,146 2,020 119 8,986 428 522 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. 5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not a

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approxim

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Table"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," aProduction and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. • due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied as Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Sof Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2009 1949-2009By Product, 2009 By Selected Product, 1949-2009150 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude burned as fuel.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.

38%

 in 2009

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

204060

Percent

1950 1960 1970 1980 1

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Peak

48% in 1977

46% in 1973

Motor G

Motor Gasoline

Distillat

Total Petroleum

Fuel Oil

37% in 1949

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

17.1

7.7

2.9 2.6

1.2 0.9

3.8

Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other2

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Gasoline Fuel Fuel Oil and

Road Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 

Propane 

2 Total

1949 380 172 1,918 1 ( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 1950 435 199 2,300 1 ( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 1955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 1960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 1965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1971 1,108 90 5,658 2,061 515 1,111 1,723 299 11,532 481 5,269 1972 1,137 85 6,210 2,141 487 1,254 1,955 320 12,259 532 5,820 1973 1,264 83 6,575 2,167 447 1,221 1,981 359 12,797 573 6,477 1974 1,165 82 6,267 2,030 365 1,163 1,914 344 12,535 524 6,056 1975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 1976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445 1977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047 1978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936 1979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485 1980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 1981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791 1982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939 1983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260 1984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151 1985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 1986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163 2,009 315 13,487 590 3,255 1987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294 2,153 356 13,816 657 2,901 1988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170 1989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144 1990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 1991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374 2,227 324 13,781 722 2,657 1992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518 1993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479 1994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 1995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 1996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 1997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 1998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 1999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 2000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 2001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 2002 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605 2003 1,220 30 8,349 3,265 113 1,701 2,747 309 16,981 1,000 1,772 2004 1,304 31 8,652 3,383 133 1,791 2,824 313 17,379 1,156 1,990 2005 1,323 35 8,755 3,475 144 1,721 2,682 312 17,444 1,133 2,111 2006 1,261 33 8,864 3,379 111 1,701 2,701 303 17,622 1,148 1,581 2007 1,197 32 8,921 3,358 67 1,729 2,733 313 17,689 1,077 1,659 2008 1,012 28 R8,411 R3,193 R30 R1,620 R2,574 R291 R17,168 R1,022 R1,432 2009P 866 26 7,720 2,889 35 1,604 2,620 264 17,115 940 1,197 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Other." 

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes

crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes napht

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not a

greater than -0.05 percent. 

Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approxim

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Table"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," aProduction and Product Supplied Statistics," at end of section. • due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2009By Sector, 2009 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2009152 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day Transportation

Residential and Commercial1

Industrial1

0.7 0.3

4.2

13.3

0.2

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

4 2

22

10

6

28

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

1949 2009

Power2 
Figure 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13a. Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Asphalt and Road O

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day Motor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum
154 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected 

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

R

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 

1949 329 140 R84 R553 4 ( ) 104 104 19 R22 48 NA 4 ( ) 1950 390 168 R104 R662 4 ( ) 123 123 23 R28 52 NA 4 ( ) 1955 562 179 R144 R885 4 ( ) 177 177 24 R38 69 NA 4 ( ) 1960 736 171 R217 R1,123 4 ( ) 232 232 23 R58 35 NA 4 ( ) 1965 805 161 R275 R1,242 4 ( ) 251 251 26 R74 40 NA 4 ( ) 1970 883 144 R392 R1,419 4 ( ) 276 276 30 R102 45 NA 4 ( ) 1971 892 143 R397 R1,432 4 ( ) 280 280 27 R103 44 NA 4 ( ) 1972 936 131 R427 R1,494 4 ( ) 296 296 27 R109 45 NA 4 ( ) 1973 942 110 R407 R1,459 4 ( ) 303 303 31 R105 45 NA 4 ( ) 1974 867 89 R376 R1,332 4 ( ) 280 280 26 R96 43 NA 4 ( ) 1975 850 78 R365 R1,293 4 ( ) 276 276 24 R92 46 NA 4 ( ) 1976 932 89 R379 R1,400 4 ( ) 308 308 21 R97 50 NA 4 ( ) 1977 938 81 R371 R1,390 4 ( ) 318 318 25 R96 52 NA 4 ( ) 1978 917 74 R360 R1,351 4 ( ) 313 313 26 R94 56 NA 4 ( ) 1979 765 64 R243 R1,072 4 ( ) 274 274 38 R68 54 NA 4 ( ) 1980 617 51 R222 R890 4 ( ) 243 243 20 R63 56 NA 4 ( ) 1981 540 41 R213 R794 4 ( ) 215 215 34 R62 48 NA 4 ( ) 1982 494 46 R206 R746 4 ( ) 207 207 15 R58 46 NA 4 ( ) 1983 435 41 R245 R721 4 ( ) 306 306 54 R69 53 NA 4 ( ) 1984 512 77 R199 R788 4 ( ) 345 345 17 R59 56 NA 4 ( ) 1985 514 77 R224 R815 4 ( ) 297 297 16 R68 50 NA 4 ( ) 1986 523 59 R220 R801 4 ( ) 293 293 24 R66 55 NA 4 ( ) 1987 544 57 R244 R845 4 ( ) 286 286 24 R72 58 NA 4 ( ) 1988 558 69 R243 R870 4 ( ) 281 281 13 R71 57 NA 4 ( ) 1989 546 57 R273 R876 3 267 270 13 R78 53 0 2 1990 460 31 R252 R742 3 249 252 6 R73 58 0 3 1991 438 35 R270 R743 2 241 243 6 R77 44 0 2 1992 460 31 R263 R754 1 236 238 5 R76 41 (s) 2 1993 458 37 R278 R773 2 230 232 7 R78 15 (s) 2 1994 451 31 R274 R757 3 233 236 9 R77 13 (s) 2 1995 426 36 R282 R743 2 223 225 11 R78 10 (s) 1 1996 434 43 R334 R811 2 225 227 10 R87 14 (s) 1 1997 411 45 R325 R781 3 206 209 12 R86 22 (s) 1 1998 363 52 R303 R718 2 199 202 15 R84 20 (s) 3 1999 389 54 R376 R819 2 204 206 13 R100 15 (s) 2 2000 424 46 R395 R865 2 228 230 14 R107 23 (s) 2 2001 427 46 R375 R849 3 236 239 15 R102 20 (s) 2 2002 404 29 R384 R817 2 207 209 8 R101 24 (s) 1 2003 425 34 R389 R848 2 225 226 9 R112 32 (s) 2 2004 433 41 R364 R839 3 218 221 10 R108 R23 (s) 2 2005 402 40 R366 R809 2 208 210 10 R94 24 (s) 2 2006 335 32 R318 R685 1 188 189 7 R88 26 (s) 1 2007 342 21 R345 R708 1 180 181 4 R87 32 (s) 1 2008 R311 R10 R394 R715 1 R172 R173 R2 R113 R24 (s) R1 2009P 286 12 407 706 1 158 159 2 116 24 (s) (s) 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • Data for residential and commercial consumption of liquefied petroleum gases are revised

beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. • For total petroleum consumption byall sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an

approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous 

Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Produat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_s

Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Othe

Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annAdministration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-1972—EIA, "State EneU.S. Tables 8 and 9. • 1973 forward—EIA, Monthly Energy Rev
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum Coke Residual Fue

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 

1949 157 5 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 5 ( ) 40 40 5 ( ) 534 1950 180 5 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 5 ( ) 41 41 5 ( ) 617 1955 254 5 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 5 ( ) 67 67 5 ( ) 686 1960 302 5 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 5 ( ) 149 149 5 ( ) 689 1965 368 5 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 5 ( ) 202 202 5 ( ) 689 1970 447 5 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 5 ( ) 203 203 5 ( ) 708 1971 458 5 ( ) 596 596 80 715 69 143 5 ( ) 211 211 5 ( ) 705 1972 468 5 ( ) 648 648 77 846 73 132 5 ( ) 233 233 5 ( ) 765 1973 522 5 ( ) 691 691 75 902 88 133 5 ( ) 254 254 5 ( ) 809 1974 481 5 ( ) 633 633 61 901 85 123 5 ( ) 230 230 5 ( ) 753 1975 419 5 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 658 1976 411 5 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 5 ( ) 242 242 5 ( ) 792 1977 436 5 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 5 ( ) 266 266 5 ( ) 844 1978 479 5 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 748 1979 476 5 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 5 ( ) 243 243 5 ( ) 721 1980 396 5 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 5 ( ) 234 234 5 ( ) 586 1981 342 5 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 471 1982 342 5 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 456 1983 373 5 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 5 ( ) 225 225 5 ( ) 345 1984 408 5 ( ) 564 564 21 1,283 80 83 5 ( ) 244 244 5 ( ) 386 1985 425 5 ( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 114 5 ( ) 261 261 5 ( ) 326 1986 448 5 ( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 108 5 ( ) 264 264 5 ( ) 321 1987 467 5 ( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 107 5 ( ) 294 294 5 ( ) 253 1988 468 5 ( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 100 5 ( ) 306 306 5 ( ) 237 1989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 57 121 1990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 63 116 1991 444 12 495 507 5 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 1992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 1993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 1994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 1995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 1996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 1997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 1998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 1999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 2000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 2001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 2002 512 6 561 566 7 1,668 78 163 21 362 383 37 46 2003 503 10 525 534 12 1,561 72 171 17 358 375 38 58 2004 537 9 561 570 14 R1,646 73 195 18 405 423 46 62 2005 546 11 583 594 19 1,549 72 187 14 390 404 46 77 2006 521 5 589 594 14 1,627 71 198 21 404 425 33 71 2007 494 4 591 595 6 1,637 73 161 22 390 412 30 54 2008 417 3 R591 R594 R2 R1,420 67 R131 R16 R377 R394 R14 R73 2009P 357 4 542 547 2 1,468 61 131 16 348 364 11 63 

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. 5 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see 

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petrothe term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_s

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and U.S. Energy • 1960-1972—EIA, "State Energy Data 2008: Consumptionforward—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (April 2010), Table 3.7b.
156 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector, Selected Years, 1949-20

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Transportation Sector

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 2

Kerosene Type Total 

1

1949 93 190 0 1 ( ) 1 54 2,241 1950 108 226 0 1 ( ) 2 64 2,433 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 1971 49 800 751 1,010 37 67 5,827 1972 46 910 779 1,021 38 71 6,199 1973 45 1,045 825 1,042 35 74 6,496 1974 44 1,036 757 979 33 71 6,372 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 1981 31 1,365 808 1,006 24 74 6,456 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 1984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 1985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 1986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 1987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 1988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 1989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 1990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 1991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 1992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 1993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 1994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 1995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 1996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 1997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 1998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 1999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 2000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 2001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 2002 18 2,536 1,621 1,614 10 73 8,662 2003 16 2,665 1,578 1,578 12 68 8,733 2004 17 2,783 1,630 1,630 14 69 R8,887 2005 19 2,858 1,679 1,679 20 68 8,948 2006 18 3,017 1,633 1,633 20 67 9,029 2007 17 3,037 1,622 1,622 16 69 9,093 2008 15 R2,833 R1,539 R1,539 R28 R64 R8,834 2009P 14 2,606 1,396 1,396 29 58 8,831 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 2 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with

the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14

Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_s

Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports, and U.S. Energy Information Administration (EEnergy Data 2008: Consumption" (June 2010), U.S. Table 11Review (April 2010), Table 3.7c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Electricity Only Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petrole

Coke

1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 1950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 1965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 1970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 1971 94 8 992 1,095 NA NA NA NA 94 1972 146 9 1,203 1,358 NA NA NA NA 146 1973 129 7 1,406 1,542 NA NA NA NA 129 1974 146 9 1,324 1,478 NA NA NA NA 146 1975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 1979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 1980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 1981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 1982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 1983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 1984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 1985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 1986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 1987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 1988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 19894 70 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 1990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 1991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 11992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 21993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 31994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 31995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 31996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 31997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 41998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 51999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 52000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 42001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 42002 59 54 281 394 1 26 6 33 60 82003 71 66 373 510 5 14 6 24 76 72004 49 83 376 509 3 17 6 26 52 102005 51 94 376 521 3 17 6 26 54 112006 34 82 151 267 1 15 6 22 35 92007 40 65 167 272 2 13 6 21 42 72008 R33 58 R99 R189 R2 12 6 19 R34 72009P 31 50 73 154 2 13 6 21 33 6

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants areincluded in "Electricity Only." 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see 

5.11. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petrothe term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-of petroleum used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c fouseful thermal output. • See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supof section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2009

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

Transportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

158 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants who

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil LPG2

Kerosene

Distillate Fuel Oil

Asphalt and

Road Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion Btu

Motor Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Jet Fuel

Distillate Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Sele

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 1

Petroleum

Coke

1949 700 289 R123 R1,112 221 39 R33 92 NA 1950 829 347 R153 R1,329 262 47 R41 100 NA 1955 1,194 371 R211 R1,776 377 51 R56 133 NA 1960 1,568 354 R319 R2,241 494 48 R85 67 NA 1965 1,713 334 R403 R2,449 534 54 R108 77 NA 1970 1,878 298 R540 R2,717 587 61 R141 86 NA 1971 1,897 295 R547 R2,739 595 55 R142 84 NA 1972 1,996 271 R588 R2,856 632 55 R151 87 NA 1973 2,003 227 R557 R2,787 644 65 R143 87 NA 1974 1,844 184 R512 R2,539 596 55 R131 83 NA 1975 1,807 161 R496 R2,463 587 49 R125 89 NA 1976 1,987 184 R515 R2,686 656 44 R131 97 NA 1977 1,994 167 R498 R2,660 676 52 R129 101 NA 1978 1,951 153 R482 R2,586 666 55 R126 107 NA 1979 1,626 133 R326 R2,085 584 78 R91 104 NA 1980 1,316 107 R298 R1,721 518 41 R84 107 NA 1981 1,147 85 R284 R1,516 457 69 R82 92 NA 1982 1,050 95 R272 R1,417 440 30 R76 88 NA 1983 924 85 R324 R1,334 651 111 R91 102 NA 1984 1,091 160 R263 R1,513 735 36 R78 107 NA 1985 1,092 159 R295 R1,546 631 33 R89 96 NA 1986 1,111 121 R292 R1,525 623 50 R88 106 NA 1987 1,156 119 R326 R1,601 607 49 R97 111 NA 1988 1,190 144 R325 R1,658 600 26 R94 110 NA 1989 1,160 117 R368 R1,645 574 28 R105 102 0 1990 978 64 R333 R1,375 536 12 R97 111 0 1991 930 72 R356 R1,359 517 12 R102 85 0 1992 980 65 R349 R1,394 507 11 R101 80 (s) 1993 974 76 R366 R1,416 493 14 R103 30 (s) 1994 960 65 R364 R1,388 501 19 R102 25 (s) 1995 905 74 R373 R1,352 479 22 R103 18 (s) 1996 926 89 R441 R1,456 483 21 R115 27 (s) 1997 874 93 R429 R1,396 444 25 R113 43 (s) 1998 772 108 R399 R1,280 429 31 R111 39 (s) 1999 828 111 R496 R1,435 438 27 R132 28 (s) 2000 905 95 R522 R1,521 491 30 R141 45 (s) 2001 908 95 R495 R1,499 508 31 R134 37 (s) 2002 860 60 R506 R1,426 444 16 R133 45 (s) 2003 905 70 R515 R1,490 481 19 R148 60 (s) 2004 924 85 R483 R1,491 470 20 R143 R45 (s) 2005 854 84 R484 R1,422 447 22 R124 46 (s) 2006 712 66 R419 R1,197 401 15 R116 49 (s) 2007 726 44 R453 R1,223 384 9 R114 61 (s) 2008 R664 R21 R519 R1,204 R369 R4 R148 R46 (s) 2009P 609 25 528 1,162 338 5 151 46 (s) 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data for residential and commercial consumption of liquefied petroleum gases are revised

beginning in 1949 due to a change in the estimation methodology. • Data are estimates. • For total heatcontent of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied

in Table 5.12. Petroleum products supplied is an approxim

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_s

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
160 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-20

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1 Petroleum Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

1949 380 564 254 117 80 231 87 1,225 1950 435 698 274 147 94 251 90 1,416 1955 615 991 241 310 103 332 147 1,573 1960 734 1,016 161 489 107 381 328 1,584 1965 890 1,150 165 688 137 342 444 1,582 1970 1,082 1,226 185 964 155 288 446 1,624 1971 1,108 1,266 165 984 152 275 463 1,618 1972 1,137 1,381 160 1,164 163 254 513 1,761 1973 1,264 1,469 156 1,233 195 255 558 1,858 1974 1,165 1,346 126 1,227 187 235 506 1,728 1975 1,014 1,339 119 1,144 149 223 540 1,509 1976 998 1,530 123 1,216 166 211 535 1,822 1977 1,056 1,719 143 1,232 182 196 586 1,937 1978 1,160 1,750 156 1,233 195 178 550 1,716 1979 1,153 1,764 177 1,700 204 162 533 1,655 1980 962 1,324 181 1,577 182 158 516 1,349 1981 828 1,389 108 1,551 175 160 549 1,081 1982 829 1,313 141 1,598 159 138 541 1,047 1983 904 1,142 66 1,537 167 112 495 791 1984 992 1,203 43 1,691 178 160 538 889 1985 1,029 1,119 44 1,690 166 218 575 748 1986 1,086 1,160 32 1,603 162 206 581 736 1987 1,130 1,141 28 1,709 183 206 646 582 1988 1,136 1,130 30 1,772 177 193 675 546 1989 1,096 1,139 30 1,748 181 199 660 410 1990 1,170 1,150 12 1,608 186 185 714 411 1991 1,077 1,078 11 1,749 167 193 693 334 1992 1,102 1,107 10 1,860 170 194 798 387 1993 1,149 1,117 13 1,794 173 180 725 446 1994 1,173 1,111 17 1,997 181 192 723 419 1995 1,178 1,131 15 2,019 178 200 721 337 1996 1,176 1,187 18 2,089 173 200 757 335 1997 1,224 1,203 19 2,134 182 212 727 291 1998 1,263 1,211 22 2,048 191 199 858 230 1999 1,324 1,187 13 2,256 193 152 936 207 2000 1,276 1,200 16 2,271 190 150 796 241 2001 1,257 1,300 23 2,054 174 295 858 203 2002 1,240 1,204 14 2,200 172 309 842 190 2003 1,220 1,136 24 2,068 159 324 825 220 2004 1,304 1,214 28 R2,180 161 372 934 249 2005 1,323 1,264 39 2,047 160 356 889 281 2006 1,261 1,263 30 2,140 156 376 934 239 2007 1,197 1,265 13 2,146 161 306 906 193 2008 1,012 R1,267 R4 R1,870 R150 R250 R868 R199 2009P 866 1,162 5 1,904 136 249 801 169 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data

for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table 5

approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_s

Sources: Tables 5.13b, A1, and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sector

 Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Transportation Sector E

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Pe

Kerosene Type Total 

2

1949 172 405 0 0 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 1950 199 480 0 0 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 1955 354 791 0 301 14 155 6,175 1,009 8,800 32 1960 298 892 188 739 20 152 7,183 844 10,126 22 1965 222 1,093 691 1,215 33 149 8,386 770 11,868 29 1970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 1971 90 1,701 1,554 2,061 50 147 11,173 701 15,923 200 1972 85 1,941 1,617 2,091 52 158 11,918 645 16,891 310 1973 83 2,222 1,707 2,131 48 163 12,455 727 17,831 273 1974 82 2,202 1,566 2,001 44 156 12,217 697 17,399 309 1975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029 42 155 12,485 711 17,614 226 1976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002 45 172 13,107 824 18,506 243 1977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090 48 172 13,464 908 19,241 283 1978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138 52 184 13,927 990 20,041 276 1979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186 21 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 1980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179 17 172 12,383 1,398 19,009 169 1981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058 32 165 12,379 1,219 18,811 124 1982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069 32 150 12,312 1,020 18,420 89 1983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141 38 157 12,482 821 18,593 96 1984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414 40 168 12,600 807 19,020 88 1985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497 28 156 12,784 786 19,471 85 1986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682 26 153 13,174 870 20,182 83 1987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843 21 173 13,499 900 20,816 90 1988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982 22 167 13,802 919 21,567 109 1989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059 22 171 13,749 971 21,706 152 1990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129 22 176 13,575 1,016 21,625 97 1991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025 20 157 13,503 1,026 21,373 84 1992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001 18 161 13,699 1,070 21,674 74 1993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028 19 163 14,126 901 22,072 86 1994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154 32 171 14,293 883 22,603 120 1995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132 17 168 14,607 911 23,069 108 1996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274 15 163 14,837 851 23,647 109 1997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308 13 172 14,999 712 23,917 111 1998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357 17 180 15,463 674 24,537 136 1999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462 13 182 15,855 665 25,218 140 2000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580 11 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 2001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426 13 164 16,041 586 25,556 171 2002 34 5,392 3,354 3,340 13 162 16,465 677 26,084 127 2003 30 5,666 3,266 3,265 16 150 16,597 571 26,296 161 2004 31 5,932 3,382 3,383 18 152 R16,962 740 R27,218 111 2005 35 6,076 3,475 3,475 27 151 17,043 837 27,644 115 2006 33 6,414 3,379 3,379 26 147 17,197 906 28,103 74 2007 32 6,457 3,358 3,358 21 152 17,321 994 28,334 89 2008 28 R6,039 R3,193 R3,193 R37 R141 R16,872 R920 R27,230 R73 2009P 26 5,541 2,889 2,889 38 128 16,820 785 26,227 71 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 2005,includes kerosene-type jet fuel only. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

5 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam 

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Data for "Transportation Sector" are estimates

consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of pePetroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 5.13a-d and 5.14a-c. • due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/_s

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008

Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use162 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 5.15.

On-Highway

Diesel

Commercial

Railroad

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

345

Million Barrels per Day

Residential

Distillate Fuel Oil

1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

Residual Fuel Oil

Vessel

 Bunkering

Industrial

Commercial

Commercial

Electric Power

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per Day Residential

1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Thousand Barrels per Day
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2008

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-

D

1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 1985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 1986 528 296 175 41 218 38 186 127 1,169 47 1987 534 280 184 40 196 37 186 122 1,185 46 1988 554 279 167 41 206 47 201 130 1,304 54 1989 564 279 178 45 219 58 211 147 1,378 56 1990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 1991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 1992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 1993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 1994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 1995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 1996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 1997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 1998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 1999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 2000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 2001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 2002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 2003 452 240 156 33 209 75 239 145 2,420 27 2004 432 220 151 31 207 54 198 139 2,415 23 2005 401 210 160 31 210 59 225 131 2,482 18 2006 325 183 161 42 213 43 232 124 2,552 21 2007 335 177 161 51 209 44 237 126 2,596 24 2008 301 167 154 64 209 35 175 77 2,472 17 

Residual Fuel Oil Keros

Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company

Electric

Power 1

Vessel

Bunkering Military Other 2 Total Residential Commercial Industrial 

1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 1985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 1986 130 263 52 610 384 E7 15 1,462 59 24 7 1987 3119 217 44 537 398 10 3 31,328 57 24 6 1988 3121 211 36 616 413 8 4 31,409 69 13 8 1989 3112 174 24 632 469 6 2 31,419 57 13 8 1990 395 147 21 566 413 7 2 31,250 31 6 4 1991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 1994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 1995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 1997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 1999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 2003 49 92 5 344 253 1 (s) 744 34 9 11 2004 51 100 3 306 305 2 (s) 767 41 10 13 2005 47 109 5 376 338 2 (s) 877 40 10 17 2006 31 95 4 163 375 1 (s) 670 32 7 13 2007 31 77 3 173 413 1 (s) 698 21 4 6 2008 26 67 4 111 330 1 (s) 538 10 2 2 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other." 3 Value has been revised since publication in the reports cited after "Sources." 

E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand

barrels per day. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Sources: • 1984—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

(October 1989), Tables A1-A3, and unpublished revision. • Sales, annual reports, Tables 1-3, and unpublished revisionKerosene Sales 2008 (December 2009), Tables 1-3.
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total, Crude Oil1, and Products, 1949-2009 Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve By Type, 2009164 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).2 Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR.

3 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending c

naphtha-type jet fuel, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and misce

Note: Stocks are at end of year.Sources: Table 5.16.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels

Total

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 19

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative)

Crude Oil1

Products

1,052

223

165

103 80 43 3

Crude Oil1 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Res

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

 Fuel Oil Fue

 NonSPR

 SPR2

Petroleum Gases Oils
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

SPR 1 Non-SPR 2,3 Total 3 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Jet

Fuel 5

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 7

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Pro

Propane 

6 Total

1949 0 253 253 75 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 1 110 60 66 1950 0 248 248 72 5 ( ) 9 ( ) 2 116 41 70 1955 0 266 266 111 3 9 ( ) 7 165 39 68 1960 0 240 240 138 7 9 ( ) 23 195 45 62 1965 0 220 220 155 19 9 ( ) 30 175 56 89 1970 0 276 276 195 28 9 ( ) 67 209 54 99 1971 0 260 260 191 28 9 ( ) 95 219 60 101 1972 0 246 246 154 25 9 ( ) 86 213 55 95 1973 0 242 242 196 29 65 99 209 53 99 1974 0 265 265 200 29 69 113 218 60 106 1975 0 271 271 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 1976 0 285 285 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 1977 7 340 348 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 1978 67 309 376 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 1979 91 339 430 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 1980 108 358 466 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 1981 230 363 594 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 1982 294 350 644 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 1983 379 344 723 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 1984 451 345 796 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 1985 493 321 814 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 1986 512 331 843 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 1987 541 349 890 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 1988 560 330 890 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 1989 580 341 921 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 1990 586 323 908 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 1991 569 325 893 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 1992 575 318 893 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 1993 587 335 922 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 1994 592 337 929 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 1995 592 303 895 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 1996 566 284 850 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 1997 563 305 868 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 1998 571 324 895 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 1999 567 284 852 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 2000 541 286 826 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 2001 550 312 862 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 2002 599 278 877 134 39 53 106 209 31 76 2003 638 269 907 137 39 50 94 207 38 76 2004 676 286 961 126 40 55 104 218 42 81 2005 685 324 1,008 136 42 57 109 208 37 86 2006 689 312 1,001 144 39 62 113 212 42 84 2007 697 286 983 134 39 52 96 218 39 81 2008 702 R326 R1,028 146 38 55 113 R214 36 83 2009P 727 325 1,052 165 43 51 103 223 38 80 

1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include

non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements.

2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR." 3 Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. 4 Does not include stocks that are held in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. 5 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." Beginning in 2005, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in"Other Products." 6 Includes propylene. 7 Finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. 8 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydroc

products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. gasoline and special naphthas. Beginning in 2005, also includes 

9 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equ

rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information AdPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2008reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 201
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks SPR Stocks as Days of Petroleum Net Imports2166 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all

petroleum.

Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.Source: Table 5.17.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200400600800

Million Barrels

727 in 2009

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 4

0 1 0

8 7 

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85

81 82

86 83

77

73 75

67

62 59 5

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

255075

100125

Days

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100

Percent

70% in 2009

41% in 2009

Crude Oil

Total

Petroleum
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2009

 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity 3

Percent of

Crude Oil 4

Stocks

1977 7.54 0.00 60.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 1978 58.80 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 66.86 17.8 1979 24.43 .00 (s) .00 .00 .00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 .00 1.30 .00 .00 .00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 .00 28.79 .00 .00 .00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 .00 3.79 .00 .00 .00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 .00 .42 .00 .00 .00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 .00 .05 .00 .00 .00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 .00 .17 .00 .00 .00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 .00 1.21 .00 .00 .00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 .00 2.69 .00 .00 .00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 .00 .01 .00 .00 .00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 .00 .00 .00 3.91 .00 585.69 64.5 1991 .00 .00 .00 .00 17.22 .00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 .00 2.60 .00 .00 .00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 .00 6.96 .00 .00 .00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 .00 .11 .00 .00 .00 591.67 63.7 1995 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 591.64 66.1 1996 .00 .90 .00 .00 25.82 .90 565.82 66.6 1997 .00 .00 .00 .00 2.33 .00 563.43 64.9 1998 .00 7.98 .00 .00 .00 .00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 .00 1.42 .00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 .00 2.29 .00 733.35 540.68 65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 .58 .00 .00 .00 550.24 63.8 2002 5.77 35.59 .00 7.64 .00 .00 599.09 68.3 2003 .00 22.94 .00 16.40 .00 .00 638.39 70.4 2004 .00 34.24 .00 8.47 .00 5.44 675.60 70.3 2005 .00 18.88 .00 8.41 11.03 9.82 684.54 67.9 2006 .00 3.31 .00 2.44 .00 1.57 688.61 68.8 2007 .00 2.70 .00 1.68 .00 .00 696.94 70.9 2008 .00 7.11 .00 3.20 .00 5.40 701.82 R68.3 2009 .00 17.83 .00 4.47 .00 .00 726.62 69.1 

1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities

for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.

2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received

approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the U.S. Department ofEnergy and exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrelsdelivered to SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specificationrequirements of SPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude OilReceipts, Imported by Others," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "DomesticCrude Oil Receipts, Exchanges."

3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to SPR terminals, pipeline fill, and above-ground

storage.

4 Includes lease condensate stocks. 5 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum. 

Calculated prior to rounding. 6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior 

7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil s

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well aHome Heating Oil Reserve.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels. Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petro

Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Sources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, 

Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petro• 1981-2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2010). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil EnerCalculated.
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real1 and Nominal2 Prices, 1949-2009

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2009

168 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

3 Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.

Real1

Nominal2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100125

Nominal Dollars2 per Barrel

Nominal2 Prices

1980 1985 

0

100200300400500600100

Index: 1977=100

Real1 Pric

California

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100

Chained (2005) Dollars1 per Barrel

Real1 Prices

ANS3 Califor

California

ANS3
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 N

1949 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1950 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1955 – – – – NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 36.29 3,R16.66 7.92 R20.98 8.58 R22.73 1978 5.21 R12.90 8.58 R21.24 9.29 R23.00 1979 10.57 R24.15 12.78 R29.20 12.65 R28.91 1980 16.87 R35.33 23.87 R49.99 21.84 R45.74 1981 23.23 R44.48 26.80 R51.32 35.06 R67.13 1982 19.92 R35.95 24.58 R44.36 31.77 R57.33 1983 17.69 R30.71 22.61 R39.25 29.35 R50.95 1984 17.91 R29.97 22.09 R36.96 28.87 R48.31 1985 16.98 R27.58 22.14 R35.96 26.80 R43.52 1986 6.45 R10.25 11.90 R18.91 14.73 R23.40 1987 10.83 R16.72 13.92 R21.49 17.55 R27.10 1988 8.43 R12.58 10.97 R16.38 14.71 R21.96 1989 12.00 R17.26 14.06 R20.22 17.81 R25.62 1990 15.23 R21.09 17.81 R24.67 22.37 R30.98 1991 11.57 R15.48 13.72 R18.35 19.04 R25.47 1992 11.73 R15.33 13.55 R17.70 18.32 R23.94 1993 10.84 R13.86 12.11 R15.48 16.19 R20.70 1994 9.77 R12.23 12.12 R15.17 14.98 R18.76 1995 11.12 R13.64 14.00 R17.17 16.38 R20.09 1996 15.32 R18.44 16.72 R20.12 20.31 R24.44 1997 14.84 R17.55 15.78 R18.66 18.66 R22.07 1998 8.47 R9.91 9.55 R11.17 12.28 R14.36 1999 12.46 R14.36 14.08 R16.23 17.29 R19.93 2000 23.62 R26.65 24.82 R28.00 28.60 R32.26 2001 18.18 R20.06 20.11 R22.18 23.41 R25.82 2002 19.37 R21.03 21.87 R23.74 23.77 R25.80 2003 23.78 R25.27 26.43 R28.09 29.13 R30.96 2004 33.03 R34.13 34.47 R35.62 38.79 R40.08 2005 47.05 R47.05 47.08 R47.08 52.61 R52.61 2006 56.86 R55.07 57.34 R55.53 61.31 R59.38 2007 63.69 R59.96 65.07 R61.26 68.30 R64.30 2008 90.10 R83.05 90.47 R83.40 R96.85 R89.28 2009P 54.41 49.57 56.12 51.13 57.40 52.29 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

3 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 4, "Crude Oil

Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1974-January 1976—Federal Energy APetroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 1976-1977—Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978-1982—U.S. EnergERA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchaser’s Report." • Monthly (April 2010), Table 18.
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

Total, 19731-2009 By Selected Country, 2009By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2009 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2009170 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 1973 cost is based on October, November, and December data only.2 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CouSource: Table 5.19.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

306090

120

Dollars2 per Barrel

68

64 62 61 59 

Nigeria United Saudi Kuwait Norway Co

0

306090

Dollars2 per Barrel

Kingdom

Nigeria

Arabia 

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100120

Dollars2 per Barrel

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

20406080

100

Dollars2 per Barrel

Venezuela

Saudi

Arabia

United

Kingdom Mexico

Canada
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009

 (Dollars 1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Un

Kin

1973 5 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 5.33 W – – 1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 11.48 W W – 1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 12.84 – 12.61 12.80 1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 13.36 – 12.64 13.74 1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.13 – 13.82 14.93 141978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.41 – 13.56 14.68 141979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 20.22 – 20.77 22.55 21980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 31981 34.61 – 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 32.32 – 33.70 38.70 31982 34.94 – 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 27.15 – 28.63 34.70 341983 29.37 – 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 25.63 – 25.78 30.72 31984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 26.56 – 26.85 30.05 21985 25.50 – 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 25.71 – 25.63 28.32 21986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 141987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 11988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 11989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 11990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 21991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 21992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 21993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 11994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 11995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 11996 20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 21997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 21998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 11999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 12000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 22001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 22002 24.13 23.04 26.45 24.77 21.93 23.83 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.60 22003 27.54 26.82 31.07 27.50 25.70 27.70 26.76 30.55 25.48 30.51 32004 36.53 35.89 40.95 37.11 33.79 36.84 34.51 39.03 32.25 39.92 32005 49.68 48.36 57.55 50.31 47.87 51.36 44.73 53.42 43.47 56.23 52006 58.92 57.64 68.26 59.19 57.37 61.21 53.90 62.13 53.76 64.39 62007 69.83 66.01 78.01 70.78 66.13 71.14 60.38 70.91 62.31 71.66 72008 R93.59 R86.35 R104.83 R94.75 R90.76 R95.49 R90.00 R93.43 R85.97 104.13 92009P 61.99 60.96 67.59 62.03 57.70 61.73 57.59 58.35 57.35 58.95 6

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on thistable Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (althoughGabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data forall countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data.

Notes: • Data are for landed costs of crude oil imports only

products imported into the United States. • See "Crude Oil Laequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Sources: • 1973-September 1977—Federal Energy Adm

Pricing Report." • October 1977-December 1978—U.S. EneFEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • January 197"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982-June 1984—EIA, Transaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EIA, Petroleum MaEIA, Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Repo
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2009 Totals, 2009By Selected Country, 2009172 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 

Source: Table 5.20.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

60

120180240300360

Billion Dollars1 $199 billion

 in 2009

199

100 

Total Non-OPEC O

0

60

120180240

Billion Dollars1

40.7

22.9 22.4

20.3 19.0

5.4 4.1 

Canada Mexico Saudi Arabia Venezuela Nigeria Colombia Kuwait Unite

0

1020304050

Billion Dollars1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2009

 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC 2 Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Un

Kin

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 1.9 W – 0.0 1974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 3.3 .0 W – 1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 2.8 .0 .3 .1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 1.8 – .4 .2 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 1.4 .0 .9 .3 1978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 .8 27.1 1.3 .0 1.6 .6 1979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 2.0 .0 3.3 .6 1980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 2.2 .0 5.9 1.9 1981 15.1 .0 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 1.9 .0 5.8 1.6 1982 8.4 – 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 2.1 .0 6.7 1.3 1983 4.3 – 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 2.6 .0 7.2 .7 1984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 3.3 .0 6.5 1.2 1985 2.3 – 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 4.4 .0 6.7 .3 1986 3.8 .1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 2.8 .3 2.8 .3 1987 6.0 .5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 3.8 .8 3.7 .5 1988 6.7 .4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 3.4 .6 3.1 .3 1989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 3.9 .9 4.3 .9 1990 13.5 .5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 4.8 1.1 4.9 .7 1991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 4.7 .9 4.4 .6 1992 10.5 .2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 5.0 .7 4.5 .9 1993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 5.0 .9 4.4 .9 1994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 5.3 .8 4.8 1.2 1995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 1996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 1997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 1998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 1999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 2000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 2001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 2002 19.5 1.8 5.7 13.7 9.6 35.5 12.1 2.2 12.1 3.4 2003 24.4 2.0 9.4 17.3 11.1 46.3 15.1 1.8 14.6 2.0 2004 32.1 3.2 16.2 20.3 16.0 68.0 20.4 2.0 18.9 2.1 2005 40.0 4.0 22.6 26.5 21.7 90.3 26.7 3.0 24.7 2.4 2006 46.5 3.8 25.8 30.7 23.9 106.9 35.5 3.2 30.9 2.3 2007 53.9 4.2 30.9 37.4 27.7 139.9 41.6 3.6 32.0 1.5 2008 R80.1 R6.5 R35.4 R52.1 R34.5 R189.2 R64.4 6.1 R37.3 1.1 R2009P 37.8 4.1 19.0 22.4 20.3 98.4 40.7 5.4 22.9 1.3 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008, also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992and beginning in 2008, also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on thistable Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes Gabon (althoughGabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data forall countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.

Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Les

avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values 

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of component

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and 

• 1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minreports. • 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administraannual reports. • 1981-2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Supply Monthly (February 2010).
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009

Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs174 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

Source: Table 5.21.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100120

Nominal Dollars1 per Barrel

Composite

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Real2

Imported

Domestic

Nominal1

Nominal1

Real2

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100120

Dollars per Barrel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal1

Real2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2009

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported 

Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 Real 2 Nominal 1 

1968E 3.21 R14.58 2.90 R13.17 3.17 1969E 3.37 R14.59 2.80 R12.12 3.29 1970E 3.46 R14.23 2.96 R12.17 3.40 1971E 3.68 R14.41 3.17 R12.42 3.60 1972E 3.67 R13.78 3.22 R12.09 3.58 1973E 4.17 R14.83 4.08 R14.51 4.15 1974 7.18 R23.42 12.52 R40.83 9.07 1975 8.39 R25.00 13.93 R41.50 10.38 1976 8.84 R24.91 13.48 R37.98 10.89 1977 9.55 R25.30 14.53 R38.49 11.96 1978 10.61 R26.26 14.57 R36.06 12.46 1979 14.27 R32.61 21.67 R49.52 17.72 1980 24.23 R50.74 33.89 R70.97 28.07 1981 34.33 R65.73 37.05 R70.94 35.24 1982 31.22 R56.34 33.55 R60.55 31.87 1983 28.87 R50.12 29.30 R50.87 28.99 1984 28.53 R47.74 28.88 R48.32 28.63 1985 26.66 R43.30 26.99 R43.83 26.75 1986 14.82 R23.55 14.00 R22.24 14.55 1987 17.76 R27.42 18.13 R27.99 17.90 1988 14.74 R22.00 14.56 R21.74 14.67 1989 17.87 R25.71 18.08 R26.01 17.97 1990 22.59 R31.29 21.76 R30.14 22.22 1991 19.33 R25.86 18.70 R25.01 19.06 1992 18.63 R24.34 18.20 R23.78 18.43 1993 16.67 R21.31 16.14 R20.63 16.41 1994 15.67 R19.62 15.51 R19.42 15.59 1995 17.33 R21.25 17.14 R21.02 17.23 1996 20.77 R25.00 20.64 R24.84 20.71 1997 19.61 R23.19 18.53 R21.91 19.04 1998 13.18 R15.41 12.04 R14.08 12.52 1999 17.90 R20.63 17.26 R19.89 17.51 2000 29.11 R32.84 27.70 R31.25 28.26 2001 24.33 R26.84 22.00 R24.27 22.95 2002 24.65 R26.76 23.71 R25.74 24.10 2003 29.82 R31.69 27.71 R29.45 28.53 2004 38.97 R40.27 35.90 R37.10 36.98 2005 52.94 R52.94 48.86 R48.86 50.24 2006 62.62 R60.64 59.02 R57.16 60.24 2007 69.65 R65.58 67.04 R63.12 67.94 2008 R98.47 R90.77 R92.77 R85.52 R94.74 2009P 59.44 54.15 59.17 53.90 59.27 

1 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include

crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related information.Sources: • 1968-1973—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. The cost of domestic

crude oil was derived by adding estimated transportation cos

purchase value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by based on the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cosand imported costs on the basis of quantities produced and iEnergy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost A1978—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Monthly Cost AlloForm ERA-49, "Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements Program forward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2010), Table 
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009

To Resellers To End Users176 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Price” in Glossary. Source: Table 5.22.

Residual Fuel Oil

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

255075

100125150175200225250275300325

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes

Motor Gasoline

Residual

 Fuel

 Oil

Motor Gasoline

No. 2

Distillate

Propane

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 

0

255075

100125150175200225250275300325350

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes

Pro
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009

 (Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 96.5 93.3 97.5 105.5 106.5 91.2 100.7 133.0 125.6 114.6 128.8 162.7 207.6  Motor Gasoline ............................... 62.6 59.9 62.6 71.3 70.0 52.6 64.5 96.3 88.6 82.8 100.2 128.8 167.0  Leaded Regular ............................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 59.3 56.6 59.3 68.5 67.3 49.9 62.0 94.2 86.5 80.6 98.1 126.9 165.4  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... 66.0 63.8 67.0 75.9 74.9 57.6 69.6 101.3 94.5 88.5 106.1 134.0 170.8  Premium ....................................... 72.2 69.5 72.2 80.3 79.2 61.7 72.6 105.5 98.0 92.8 111.3 140.8 178.9  Kerosene ........................................ 60.4 61.8 58.0 71.4 65.3 46.5 55.0 96.9 82.1 75.2 95.5 127.1 175.7  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 57.7 53.4 53.9 64.6 61.3 45.0 53.3 88.0 76.3 71.6 87.1 120.8 172.3  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 64.6 61.5 62.5 75.1 72.3 51.3 63.4 101.9 88.3 80.5 103.3 128.9 180.1  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 55.9 52.2 53.0 65.3 60.2 43.9 53.6 89.6 77.9 71.8 88.2 117.8 172.0  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 54.4 50.6 51.1 63.9 59.0 42.2 49.3 88.6 75.6 69.4 88.1 112.5 162.3  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 57.0 52.9 53.8 65.9 60.6 44.4 54.6 89.8 77.5 72.4 88.3 118.7 173.7  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 48.8 46.2 46.3 60.3 55.1 38.3 43.0 77.8 69.7 66.3 79.3 103.3 137.7  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 29.3 31.7 36.3 42.0 38.7 28.0 35.4 56.6 47.6 53.0 66.1 68.1 97.1  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. 33.7 34.5 38.3 45.6 41.5 29.9 38.2 62.7 52.3 54.6 72.8 76.4 111.5  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ 25.6 28.7 33.8 38.9 36.6 26.9 32.9 51.2 42.8 50.8 58.8 60.1 84.2  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 35.1 32.4 34.4 46.1 41.6 28.8 34.2 59.5 54.0 43.1 60.7 75.1 93.3 

Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 99.0 95.7 100.5 111.6 112.8 97.5 105.9 130.6 132.3 128.8 149.3 181.9 223.1  Motor Gasoline ............................... 75.9 73.8 76.5 84.7 83.9 67.3 78.1 110.6 103.2 94.7 115.6 143.5 182.9  Leaded Regular ............................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 71.2 68.9 71.7 80.7 79.8 63.0 74.2 107.3 99.7 91.2 112.3 140.4 180.2  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... 80.5 78.5 80.8 89.6 89.5 72.8 83.5 116.8 110.0 101.0 121.8 149.9 189.3  Premium ....................................... 88.9 86.5 89.0 97.2 97.3 80.5 90.6 124.2 117.5 108.8 130.5 159.6 199.2  Kerosene ........................................ 75.4 66.0 58.9 74.0 74.5 50.1 60.5 112.3 104.5 99.0 122.4 116.0 195.7  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 58.0 53.4 54.0 65.1 61.3 45.2 54.3 89.9 77.5 72.1 87.2 120.7 173.5  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 66.6 64.0 62.0 72.6 68.9 55.1 62.1 98.8 90.2 82.8 101.7 126.2 183.2  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 60.2 55.6 56.0 68.0 64.2 49.2 58.0 93.4 84.0 75.9 94.2 123.5 177.7  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 60.2 57.2 56.2 67.3 63.6 48.2 55.8 92.7 82.9 73.7 93.3 117.3 170.5  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 60.2 55.4 56.0 68.1 64.2 49.4 58.4 93.5 84.2 76.2 94.4 124.3 178.6  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 50.1 50.1 50.5 60.3 56.5 42.8 47.4 76.9 67.9 65.7 85.6 101.7 W  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 33.7 35.2 39.2 45.5 42.3 30.5 37.4 60.2 53.1 56.9 69.8 73.9 104.8  Sulfur <= 1% 4 .............................. 39.7 40.1 43.6 52.6 48.8 35.4 40.5 70.8 64.2 64.0 80.4 83.5 116.8  Sulfur > 1% 4 ................................ 30.3 33.0 37.7 43.3 40.3 28.7 36.2 56.6 49.2 54.4 65.1 69.2 97.4  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 67.3 53.0 49.2 60.5 55.2 40.5 45.8 60.3 50.6 41.9 57.7 83.9 108.9 

Refiner Margins 5

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 23.5 22.8 21.6 22.0 24.7 22.8 22.8 29.0 34.0 25.4 32.3 40.8 47.4  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 18.6 16.3 12.9 15.3 16.0 15.2 11.6 20.7 21.7 14.2 19.2 32.8 52.7  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 16.8 15.1 12.0 16.0 14.9 14.1 11.9 22.3 23.3 14.4 20.3 29.8 52.4  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -9.8 -5.4 -4.8 -7.2 -6.6 -1.8 -6.3 -10.7 -7.0 -4.4 -1.8 -19.9 -22.5  Composite 6 .................................... 19.0 19.8 18.1 19.4 20.0 19.5 18.9 26.1 29.7 21.6 28.1 36.7 48.4 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 Sulfur content by weight. 5 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude

oil (see Table 5.21) and the price to resellers.

6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to reselle

fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, an

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value 

company data. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum M

4, 6, and 16.
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2009

Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane178 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.2 Includes oxygenated motor gasoline.3 > 15 and <= 500 parts per million by weight.4 > 500 parts per million by weight.

- - = Not applicable.Note: Data are preliminary. Source: Table 5.23.

189 187 184 194 197 19

177 175 173 180 180 178

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0

50

100150200250300

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Midgrade

Conventiona

Regular Midgrade

Refomulated

Regular

Conventional2

Motor Gasoline Regular

(- -)

196

239

192 191 187

1

173 173 165 172

134

No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residual 

0

50

100150200250300

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Fuel, High Sulfur Fuel Oil 

4 Fuel, Low Sulfur3 Distillate Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1993-2009

 (Cents 1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Sales Prices to Resellers 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... 62.8 60.2 63.0 71.5 70.3 53.0 64.5 96.6 88.8 83.2 100.1 128.8 167.5  Unleaded Regular ................................... 59.7 57.1 59.9 68.9 67.7 50.4 62.1 94.6 86.8 81.3 98.2 127.1 165.9  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA 56.5 58.3 67.2 65.8 48.4 59.6 91.8 83.8 79.4 95.0 124.1 163.9  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA 62.7 66.2 74.5 75.4 57.5 69.0 101.6 94.7 85.8 103.1 128.9 166.7  Reformulated ........................................ NA 63.2 64.6 73.3 72.5 55.1 67.6 100.6 93.0 85.6 105.8 133.9 170.8  Unleaded Midgrade ................................ 66.4 64.1 67.3 76.0 75.1 57.9 69.4 101.4 94.5 88.6 105.6 133.8 171.9  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA 63.3 65.1 73.7 72.3 55.0 65.8 97.7 90.1 85.2 101.5 130.4 169.7  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA 68.9 71.1 78.9 79.1 59.9 69.5 102.1 96.5 88.5 104.3 130.5 168.2  Reformulated ........................................ NA 72.2 71.9 80.2 80.1 63.2 75.8 108.0 102.2 95.2 115.0 141.0 179.0  Premium ................................................. 72.2 69.6 72.4 80.4 79.4 61.8 72.4 105.5 98.0 92.9 110.5 140.0 179.2  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA 68.6 69.5 77.7 76.4 58.7 68.8 101.3 93.3 89.7 105.5 135.1 175.6  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA 75.7 78.7 85.1 85.6 67.4 77.9 111.9 102.0 95.2 113.1 139.0 176.1  Reformulated ........................................ NA 76.9 77.9 85.1 84.5 67.1 78.7 111.7 105.4 98.6 118.9 146.7 184.4  No. 2 Distillate .......................................... 56.6 52.9 53.6 66.0 61.1 45.0 53.8 90.1 78.5 72.8 89.1 117.8 172.7  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... NA 53.8 54.6 66.7 61.6 45.4 55.2 90.4 79.1 73.5 89.1 119.1 175.4  Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 .... NA 54.2 55.1 67.3 61.9 45.7 55.7 90.9 79.4 73.8 89.5 119.7 176.1  High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 ..................... NA 51.9 52.4 63.9 60.2 43.7 51.9 87.5 77.1 71.2 87.0 114.6 170.4  Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... 30.1 32.2 36.6 42.7 39.6 28.4 35.5 57.9 49.6 52.6 67.5 68.2 100.6  Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................ 34.1 35.0 38.3 46.1 42.4 30.5 38.2 63.8 54.2 54.8 73.2 74.0 110.7  Sulfur > 1% 4 .......................................... 27.2 29.8 34.4 39.7 37.5 27.1 33.3 52.3 43.8 50.2 62.1 63.8 89.9  Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... NA 33.6 35.4 47.1 42.6 29.7 35.4 60.3 55.6 44.0 61.5 76.1 93.9 

Sales Prices to End Users 2

 Motor Gasoline ......................................... 75.3 72.9 76.1 84.3 83.1 66.0 76.2 109.1 102.2 94.3 113.5 142.3 182.8  Unleaded Regular ................................... 71.4 69.0 72.1 80.9 79.7 62.3 72.8 106.3 99.3 91.5 110.8 139.9 180.7  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA 68.5 71.4 80.1 78.5 61.0 70.8 104.4 96.8 90.1 108.2 137.3 178.9  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA 73.7 77.3 86.1 88.7 69.4 78.2 111.8 105.9 96.4 114.2 141.4 176.8  Reformulated ........................................ NA 74.3 74.1 83.3 82.2 65.1 77.7 110.9 105.1 94.9 118.3 147.8 186.1  Unleaded Midgrade ................................ 79.2 77.0 80.2 88.5 88.0 71.1 81.2 114.6 108.6 100.2 119.5 148.2 187.7  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA 76.6 79.3 87.4 86.5 69.5 78.7 112.2 105.2 98.5 116.6 145.3 185.5  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA 82.1 83.8 92.9 96.4 76.3 85.3 118.5 112.0 103.1 119.3 145.9 182.4  Reformulated ........................................ NA 85.1 82.9 91.6 91.5 74.8 86.9 119.7 115.6 104.2 127.7 156.9 194.5  Premium ................................................. 87.5 85.2 88.3 96.2 95.5 78.6 88.0 121.8 115.4 108.1 128.2 158.0 198.8  Conventional 3 ...................................... NA 84.6 87.1 95.0 93.9 76.9 85.6 119.2 111.9 106.3 124.5 153.8 195.8  Oxygenated 3 ........................................ NA 90.8 93.8 101.9 105.4 84.5 94.0 127.9 121.8 112.8 130.7 156.8 191.5  Reformulated ........................................ NA 93.7 91.4 99.1 98.8 82.2 93.1 126.7 121.7 111.6 135.5 166.0 204.3  No. 2 Distillate .......................................... 71.0 67.5 67.3 79.3 75.3 59.9 67.8 104.4 94.8 87.4 105.8 133.9 189.5  No. 2 Distillate to Residences 5 .............. 91.1 88.4 86.7 98.9 98.4 85.2 87.6 131.1 125.0 112.9 135.5 154.8 205.2  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .................................... NA 62.8 63.6 75.7 71.4 56.2 65.4 100.6 91.2 83.7 100.8 131.6 188.6  Ultra-Low Sulfur (<= 15 ppm) 4 ............. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Low Sulfur (> 15 and <= 500 ppm) 4 .... NA 64.2 64.5 76.7 71.9 56.5 66.3 101.4 91.7 84.1 101.4 132.5 189.9  High Sulfur (> 500 ppm) 4 ..................... NA 59.8 61.4 73.2 69.8 55.5 62.0 98.1 89.2 82.2 98.6 128.1 183.3  Residual Fuel Oil ...................................... 34.1 35.8 39.7 46.4 42.9 31.1 37.8 60.9 53.3 56.1 69.6 72.5 104.1  Sulfur <= 1% 4 ........................................ 39.3 40.3 43.3 52.9 47.2 35.6 40.6 68.3 62.0 61.2 78.5 79.4 114.8  Sulfur > 1% 4 .......................................... 31.2 32.7 37.6 43.0 40.7 29.2 36.6 57.6 49.8 54.0 65.1 68.7 98.5  Propane (Consumer Grade) ..................... NA 77.6 76.6 88.6 87.8 77.4 78.1 104.8 109.4 95.8 115.0 130.7 153.0 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Beginning in 2007, oxygenated motor gasoline is included with conventional motor gasoline. 4 Sulfur content by weight ("ppm" is parts per million). 5 See Note 5, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_gla

Sources: • 1993-2008—U.S. Energy Information Administ

annual reports. • 2009—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Mon"Refiners’/Gas Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product S"Resellers’/Retailers’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report."
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2009 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2009 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-180 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary.2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.

4 “Reformulated Gasoline Areas” are ozone nonattainment 

mental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulate

5 All grades, in chained (2005) dollars.

Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.

Nominal2

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.000.751.502.253.003.75

Dollars per Gallon 2.32 2.43 

Conventional Reformulated Al

0.001.503.004.50

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon Real1

Gasoline Areas3 Gasoline Areas4 

Regular Motor Gasoline

Unleaded

Premium Consu

Leaded Regular

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.001.002.003.004.00

Nominal Dollars2 per Gallon

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Index: 1978=1.0 

Unleaded

Regular
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline 

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades 

Conventional

Gasoline Areas 1,2

Reformula

Gasoline Ar

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Nomina

1949 0.27 R1.85 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .27 R1.83 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 .29 R1.75 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 .31 R1.67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 .31 R1.57 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 .36 R1.47 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1971 .36 R1.43 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1972 .36 R1.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1973 .39 R1.38 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1974 .53 R1.74 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 .57 R1.69 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 .59 R1.66 .61 R1.73 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 .62 R1.65 .66 R1.74 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 .63 R1.55 .67 R1.66 NA NA .65 R1.61 NA NA 1979 .86 R1.96 .90 R2.06 NA NA .88 R2.02 NA NA 1980 1.19 R2.49 1.25 R2.61 NA NA 1.22 R2.56 NA NA 1981 1.31 R2.51 1.38 R2.64 1.47 R2.82 1.35 R2.59 NA NA 1982 1.22 R2.21 1.30 R2.34 1.42 R2.55 1.28 R2.31 NA NA 1983 1.16 R2.01 1.24 R2.15 1.38 R2.40 1.23 R2.13 NA NA 1984 1.13 R1.89 1.21 R2.03 1.37 R2.29 1.20 R2.00 NA NA 1985 1.12 R1.81 1.20 R1.95 1.34 R2.18 1.20 R1.94 NA NA 1986 .86 R1.36 .93 R1.47 1.09 R1.72 .93 R1.48 NA NA 1987 .90 R1.39 .95 R1.46 1.09 R1.69 .96 R1.48 NA NA 1988 .90 R1.34 .95 R1.41 1.11 R1.65 .96 R1.44 NA NA 1989 1.00 R1.44 1.02 R1.47 1.20 R1.72 1.06 R1.53 NA NA 1990 1.15 R1.59 1.16 R1.61 1.35 R1.87 1.22 R1.69 NA NA 1991 NA NA 1.14 R1.53 1.32 R1.77 1.20 R1.60 1.10 NA 1992 NA NA 1.13 R1.47 1.32 R1.72 1.19 R1.56 1.09 NA 1993 NA NA 1.11 R1.42 1.30 R1.66 1.17 R1.50 21.07 NA 1994 NA NA 1.11 R1.39 1.31 R1.63 1.17 R1.47 21.07 NA 1995 NA NA 1.15 R1.41 1.34 R1.64 1.21 R1.48 21.10 41.16 1996 NA NA 1.23 R1.48 1.41 R1.70 1.29 R1.55 21.19 41.28 1997 NA NA 1.23 R1.46 1.42 R1.68 1.29 R1.53 21.19 41.25 1998 NA NA 1.06 R1.24 1.25 R1.46 1.12 R1.30 21.02 41.08 1999 NA NA 1.17 R1.34 1.36 R1.56 1.22 R1.41 21.12 41.20 2000 NA NA 1.51 R1.70 1.69 R1.91 1.56 R1.76 21.46 41.54 2001 NA NA 1.46 R1.61 1.66 R1.83 1.53 R1.69 1.38 1.50 2002 NA NA 1.36 R1.47 1.56 R1.69 1.44 R1.56 1.31 1.41 2003 NA NA 1.59 R1.69 1.78 R1.89 1.64 R1.74 1.52 1.66 2004 NA NA 1.88 R1.94 2.07 R2.14 1.92 R1.99 1.81 1.94 2005 NA NA 2.30 R2.30 2.49 R2.49 2.34 R2.34 2.24 2.34 2006 NA NA 2.59 R2.51 2.81 R2.72 2.64 R2.55 2.53 2.65 2007 NA NA 2.80 R2.64 3.03 R2.86 2.85 R2.68 2.77 2.86 2008 NA NA 3.27 R3.01 3.52 R3.24 3.32 R3.06 3.21 3.31 2009 NA NA 2.35 2.14 2.61 2.38 2.40 2.19 2.32 2.43 

1 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 2 For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas." 3 "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental

Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

4 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in

"Reformulated Gasoline Areas." 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, Con

and "Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petrole

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Platt’s 

51st Edition. • 1974 forward—U.S. Energy Information Admindata from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor StatRegular Motor Gasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual Gasoline Prices, Regular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: E"Weekly Retail On-Highway Diesel Prices."
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Petroleumproduct supplied (see Table 5.11) is an approximation of petroleum consumptionand is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption” in Tables 5.13a-d.Petroleum products supplied is calculated as field production plus renewable fuelsand oxygenates production plus processing gain plus net imports minus stockchange plus adjustments. Total products supplied include natural gas plant liquids,unfinished oils, aviation gasoline blending components, and finished petroleumproducts. Crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline stations was reported as product supplied for either distillate fuel oil or residual fuel oil until January 1983. FromJanuary 1983 through December 2009, crude oil product supplied was reportedbased on quantities reported on Form EIA-813 “Monthly Crude Oil Report”.Beginning with data for January 2010, reporting crude oil used directly on FormEIA-813 was discontinued, and crude oil product supplied was assumed equal tozero. The sector allocation of product supplied in Tables 5.13a-d for products usedin more than one sector is derived from sales to ultimate consumers by refiners,marketers, distributors, and dealers (see U.S. Energy Information Administration(EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales) and from EIA electric power sectorpetroleum consumption data (see Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several U.S. Energy Information Administrationsurvey forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Thosechanges affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis ofthose changes, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would haveaveraged 289,000 barrels per day higher than that which was published on the oldbasis. Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980would have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,000 barrels per day higher thanthe numbers that were published. A new adjustment was introduced for calculatingfinished motor gasoline product supplied beginning with data for January 1993.The new adjustment transferred product supplied for motor gasoline blendingcomponents and fuel ethanol to supply of finished motor gasoline. Applying the

new gasoline adjustment method to gasoline proincreased the reported quantity 108 thousand barrels 7,268 thousand barrels per day to 7,376 thousand barrNote 3. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The m

to Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follestimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stilrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plaprocessing plants to refineries; for 1967-1973, GIDannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil rerungasoline and plant condensate; for 1974-1980, GIDU for 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthNote 4. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Pripurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-19first purchase values as reported by State agencies aMines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted apurchases.Note 5. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. for 1956 through 1987 were formerly published iThose data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—151959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—151965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—171971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—361977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.41983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; 1986—sources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of LabIndexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential 1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administr“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Repo1977—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAing Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forwing Annual, Table 15.

182 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Natural Gas

6

Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 6.0 Natural Gas Flow, 2009

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources.2 Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of components Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Overview, 1949-2009 Overview, 2009Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2009186 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20091 Dry gas.2 Underground storage. For 1980-2008, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground

tanks.

Source: Table 6.1.

Production1

Additions to Storage2

Net Imports

Withdrawals from Storage2

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

21.0

3.7

Production1 Imports Ex

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels 2

Trade Storage 1 Activity

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 Withdrawals Additions Net Withdrawals 4

1949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 1950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 1955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 1960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 1965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 1970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 1971 21,610 NA 935 80 854 1,508 1,839 -332 1972 21,624 NA 1,019 78 941 1,757 1,893 -136 1973 21,731 NA 1,033 77 956 1,533 1,974 -442 1974 20,713 NA 959 77 882 1,701 1,784 -84 1975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 1976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 1977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 1978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 1979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 1980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 1981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 1982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 1983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 1984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 1985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 1986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 1987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 1988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 1989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 1990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 1991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 1992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 1993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 1994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 1995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 1996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 1997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 1998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 1999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 2000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 2001 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 3,510 -1,166 2002 18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 3,180 2,713 467 2003 19,099 68 3,944 680 3,264 3,161 3,358 -197 2004 18,591 60 4,259 854 3,404 3,088 3,202 -114 2005 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 3,107 3,055 52 2006 18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 2,527 2,963 -436 2007 R19,266 63 4,608 822 3,785 R3,375 R3,183 R192 2008 R20,286 R61 R3,984 R1,006 R2,979 R3,417 R3,383 R34 2009 E20,955 P64 P3,748 P1,071 P2,677 P2,968 P3,281 P-313 

1 Underground storage. For 1980-2008, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. 2 See Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than

withdrawals.

5 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).

6 See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. 7 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption,1989-1992," at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a p

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural

Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplement

Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NNatural Gas Monthly (NGM) (April 2010), Table 1. T• 1949-2008—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2009—EIA, NGM Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production, supplemwithdrawals. Consumption: Table 6.5. 
Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2009 Production Flow, 2009

(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2009

188 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Dry Gas

Production

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to petroleum supply. Source: Table 6.2.

Gross Withdrawals

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet 18.9

5.2

Natural Gas Crude Oil 

05

101520

Trillion Cubic Feet

Wells Wells 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Coalbed Wells Total 

1949 4,986 2,561 NA 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 1950 5,603 2,876 NA 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 1955 7,842 3,878 NA 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 1960 10,853 4,234 NA 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 1965 13,524 4,440 NA 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 1970 18,595 5,192 NA 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 1971 18,925 5,163 NA 24,088 1,310 NA 285 22,493 1972 19,043 4,974 NA 24,016 1,236 NA 248 22,532 1973 19,372 4,696 NA 24,067 1,171 NA 248 22,648 1974 18,669 4,181 NA 22,850 1,080 NA 169 21,601 1975 17,380 3,723 NA 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 1976 17,191 3,753 NA 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 1977 17,416 3,681 NA 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 1978 17,394 3,915 NA 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 1979 18,034 3,849 NA 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 1980 17,573 4,297 NA 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 1981 17,337 4,251 NA 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 1982 15,809 4,463 NA 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 1983 14,153 4,506 NA 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 1984 15,513 4,754 NA 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 1985 14,535 5,071 NA 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 1986 14,154 4,977 NA 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 1987 14,807 5,333 NA 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 1988 15,467 5,532 NA 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 1989 15,709 5,366 NA 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 1990 16,054 5,469 NA 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 1991 16,018 5,732 NA 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 1992 16,165 5,967 NA 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 1993 16,691 6,035 NA 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 1994 17,351 6,230 NA 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 1995 17,282 6,462 NA 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 1996 17,737 6,376 NA 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 1997 17,844 6,369 NA 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 1998 17,729 6,380 NA 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 1999 17,590 6,233 NA 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 2000 17,726 6,448 NA 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 2001 18,129 6,371 NA 24,501 3,371 463 97 20,570 2002 17,795 6,146 NA 23,941 3,455 502 99 19,885 2003 17,882 6,237 NA 24,119 3,548 499 98 19,974 2004 17,885 6,084 NA 23,970 3,702 654 96 19,517 2005 17,472 5,985 NA 23,457 3,700 711 119 18,927 2006 17,996 5,539 NA 23,535 3,265 731 129 19,410 2007 R17,065 R5,818 1,780 R24,664 R3,663 R661 R143 R20,196 2008 R18,011 R5,845 1,898 R25,754 R3,639 R710 R167 R21,240 2009 E18,881 E5,186 E2,110 P26,177 E3,439 E686 E159 E21,893 

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids, which are transferred to

petroleum supply (see Tables 5.1 and 5.10).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.

Sources: Natural Gas Wells, Crude Oil Wells, and Coalbe

Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. • 1967-2008—U.SNatural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2009—EIA, Office series projections. Total Gross Withdrawals, Marketed ProProduction: • 1949-2004—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2002010), Table 1. All Other Data: • 1949-2008—EIA, NGA, annGas, Natural Gas Division, time series projections. 
Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

Trade Overview, 1949-2009Trade, 2009 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20190 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20091 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas in 1973, 1977, and 1981.2 By pipeline.3 As liquefied natural gas.

4 By pipeline from Mexico, and as liquefied natural gas from E5 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natur

Source: Table 6.3.

and

Tobago3

Imports by Selected Country of Origin

Imports from Canada1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Total Imports

4.2% in 198

5

3.27

0.24 0.24

0.70

0.34

0.03

Canada2 Trinidad Canada2 Mexico Japan3

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

05

101520

Percent

Other

4

Exports by

Country of Destination
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destin

Algeria 2 Canada 3 Egypt 2 Mexico 3 Nigeria 2 Oman 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2 Other 2,4 Total Canada 3 Japan 2 Mexico 3 

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 1955 0 11 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 1960 0 109 0 47 0 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 1965 0 405 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 1970 1 779 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 1971 1 912 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 935 14 50 16 1972 2 1,009 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1,019 16 48 15 1973 3 1,028 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1,033 15 48 14 1974 0 959 0 (s) 0 0 0 0 0 959 13 50 13 1975 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 1976 10 954 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 1977 11 997 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 1978 84 881 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 1979 253 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 1980 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 1981 37 762 0 105 0 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 1982 55 783 0 95 0 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 1983 131 712 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 1984 36 755 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 1985 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 1986 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 750 9 50 2 1987 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 1988 17 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 1989 42 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 1990 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 1991 64 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 1992 43 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 1993 82 2,267 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 1994 51 2,566 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 1995 18 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 1996 35 2,883 0 14 0 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 1997 66 2,899 0 17 0 0 0 0 12 2,994 56 62 38 1998 69 3,052 0 15 0 0 0 0 17 3,152 40 66 53 1999 76 3,368 0 55 0 0 20 51 17 3,586 39 64 61 2000 47 3,544 0 12 13 10 46 99 11 3,782 73 66 106 2001 65 3,729 0 10 38 12 23 98 2 3,977 167 66 141 2002 27 3,785 0 2 8 3 35 151 5 4,015 189 63 263 2003 53 3,437 0 0 50 9 14 378 3 3,944 271 66 343 2004 120 3,607 0 0 12 9 12 462 36 4,259 395 62 397 2005 97 3,700 73 9 8 2 3 439 9 4,341 358 65 305 2006 17 3,590 120 13 57 0 0 389 0 4,186 341 61 322 2007 77 3,783 115 54 95 0 18 448 18 4,608 482 47 292 2008 0 R3,589 55 43 12 0 3 R267 R15 R3,984 R590 50 365 2009P 0 3,268 160 28 13 0 13 236 29 3,748 700 31 338 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 As liquefied natural gas. 3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,

1977, and 1981, and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.

4 Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007; Indonesia in 1986 and

2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008 and 2009; United Arab Emirates in 1996-2000;and Other (unassigned) in 2004.

5 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year. 6 Includes 2 billion cubic feet to Russia. 7 Includes 3 billion cubic feet to South Korea.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feeNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated. All 

Information Administration (EIA), Office of Oil and Gas, Reservdata. • 1955-1971—EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telep"Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas." annual reports. • 2008 and 2009—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (A
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009

Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity192 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) 1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;

beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”

2 Gulf of Mexico.

Source: Table 6.4.

Onshore

Total

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

100200300400500600

Thousands

Offshore

Peak productivity: 43

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet Louisiana1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

0

100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well Other States1 Texas1 Federal

Oklahoma GOM2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2009

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coalbed Wells Nat

State Location Gross

Withdrawals

From

Natural Gas Wells

Texas 

1 Louisiana 1 Oklahoma

Other

States 1

Federal

Gulf of Mexico 2 Total Onshore 3 Offshore 4 Total

Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet Billion Cubic Feet 

1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,677 2 ( ) 15,088 14,815 273 15,088 10,853 1961 7,020 3,571 1,160 3,710 2 ( ) 15,460 15,142 318 15,460 11,195 1962 7,199 3,854 1,222 3,764 2 ( ) 16,039 15,587 452 16,039 11,702 1963 7,452 4,250 1,347 3,924 2 ( ) 16,973 16,409 564 16,973 12,606 1964 7,622 4,515 1,423 3,975 2 ( ) 17,536 16,914 622 17,536 13,106 1965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,044 2 ( ) 17,963 17,318 646 17,963 13,524 1966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,232 2 ( ) 19,034 18,026 1,007 19,034 13,894 1967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,252 2 ( ) 20,252 19,065 1,187 20,252 15,345 1968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,375 2 ( ) 21,325 19,801 1,524 21,325 16,540 1969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,462 2 ( ) 22,679 20,725 1,954 22,679 17,489 1970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,501 2 ( ) 23,786 21,368 2,419 23,786 18,595 1971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,442 2 ( ) 24,088 21,311 2,777 24,088 18,925 1972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,378 2 ( ) 24,016 20,978 3,039 24,016 19,043 1973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,396 2 ( ) 24,067 20,856 3,212 24,067 19,372 1974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,314 2 ( ) 22,850 19,335 3,515 22,850 18,669 1975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,152 2 ( ) 21,104 17,555 3,549 21,104 17,380 1976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,293 2 ( ) 20,944 17,348 3,596 20,944 17,191 1977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,362 2 ( ) 21,097 17,165 3,932 21,097 17,416 1978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,790 2 ( ) 21,309 16,953 4,356 21,309 17,394 1979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,973 2 ( ) 21,883 17,061 4,822 21,883 18,034 1980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,187 2 ( ) 21,870 16,967 4,902 21,870 17,573 1981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,287 2 ( ) 21,587 16,597 4,991 21,587 17,337 1982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,094 2 ( ) 20,272 15,499 4,773 20,272 15,809 1983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,071 2 ( ) 18,659 14,477 4,182 18,659 14,153 1984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,620 2 ( ) 20,267 15,560 4,707 20,267 15,513 1985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,818 2 ( ) 19,607 15,421 4,186 19,607 14,535 1986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,538 2 ( ) 19,131 14,945 4,186 19,131 14,154 1987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,174 2 ( ) 20,140 15,468 4,672 20,140 14,807 1988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,665 2 ( ) 20,999 16,253 4,747 20,999 15,467 1989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,813 2 ( ) 21,074 16,303 4,771 21,074 15,709 1990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,054 2 ( ) 21,523 16,476 5,047 21,523 16,054 1991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,651 2 ( ) 21,750 16,900 4,850 21,750 16,018 1992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,429 2 ( ) 22,132 17,361 4,772 22,132 16,165 1993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,812 2 ( ) 22,726 17,960 4,766 22,726 16,691 1994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,508 2 ( ) 23,581 18,585 4,996 23,581 17,351 1995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,896 2 ( ) 23,744 18,802 4,942 23,744 17,282 1996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,999 2 ( ) 24,114 18,867 5,246 24,114 17,737 1997 15,730 11,538 1,704 19,999 5,242 24,213 18,897 5,316 24,213 17,844 1998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 24,108 18,923 5,185 24,108 17,729 1999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 23,823 18,692 5,131 23,823 17,590 2000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 24,174 19,130 5,044 24,174 17,726 2001 5,752 1,525 1,615 10,542 5,066 24,501 19,364 5,137 24,501 18,129 2002 5,661 1,382 1,582 10,769 4,548 23,941 19,326 4,615 23,941 17,795 2003 5,791 1,378 1,558 10,944 4,447 24,119 19,614 4,505 24,119 17,882 2004 5,734 1,377 1,656 11,202 4,001 23,970 19,914 4,055 23,970 17,885 2005 6,007 1,310 1,639 11,350 3,151 23,457 20,252 3,205 23,457 17,472 2006 6,326 1,378 1,689 11,227 2,914 23,535 20,580 2,955 23,535 17,996 2007 R6,961 R1,383 R1,784 11,723 2,813 R24,664 R21,805 2,859 R24,664 R17,065 2008 R7,761 R1,387 R1,913 R12,351 R2,342 R25,754 R23,367 R2,387 R25,754 R18,011 2009 E7,771 E1,240 E1,908 E13,129 E2,128 P26,177 E23,475 E2,701 P26,177 E18,881 

1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning

in 1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico." 2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these grosswithdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."

3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals. 4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross

withdrawals.

5 As of December 31 each year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: Offshore: • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey. 

Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receipts predecessor annual reports. • 1986-2008—U.S. Energy InfoAnnual (NGA), annual reports. • 2009—Calculated as total groTotal (Gross Withdrawals): • 1960-2004—EIA, NGA, annual Monthly (April 2010), Table 1. Average Productivity: Calculawells divided by the number of producing wells, and then divAll Other Data: • 1960-1966—Bureau of Mines, Nat• 1967-2008—EIA, NGA, annual reports and unpublished revisNatural Gas Division, time series projections.
Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2009By Sector, 2009 Sector Shares, 1950 and 2009194 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Electric Power4

Transportation3

Comm

Residential

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Lease and plant fuel, and other industrial.3 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors), and as fuel in

the delivery of natural gas to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose 

tricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Source: Table 6.5.

Industrial1, 2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

Trillion Cubic Feet

4.8

3.1

7.4

0.7

6.9

Residential Commercial1 Industrial Transportation3 Electric

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

Industrial1, 2

21

14

32

21

7

59

Residential Commercial1 Industrial 

0

255075

Percent

Industrial1, 2

Power4 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Residential

Sector

Commercial Sector Industrial Sector Transportation Sector 

CHP 

2 Other 3 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipelines 6

and Distribution 7 Vehicle Fuel 8 Total Elect

CHP On

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 993 9 ( ) 348 348 835 10 ( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 51950 1,198 9 ( ) 388 388 928 10 ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 61955 2,124 9 ( ) 629 629 1,131 10 ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 1,11960 3,103 9 ( ) 1,020 1,020 1,237 10 ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 1,71965 3,903 9 ( ) 1,444 1,444 1,156 10 ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 2,31970 4,837 9 ( ) 2,399 2,399 1,399 10 ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 3,91971 4,972 9 ( ) 2,509 2,509 1,414 10 ( ) 8,181 8,181 9,594 743 NA 743 3,91972 5,126 9 ( ) 2,608 2,608 1,456 10 ( ) 8,169 8,169 9,624 766 NA 766 3,91973 4,879 9 ( ) 2,597 2,597 1,496 10 ( ) 8,689 8,689 10,185 728 NA 728 3,61974 4,786 9 ( ) 2,556 2,556 1,477 10 ( ) 8,292 8,292 9,769 669 NA 669 3,41975 4,924 9 ( ) 2,508 2,508 1,396 10 ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,11976 5,051 9 ( ) 2,668 2,668 1,634 10 ( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 3,01977 4,821 9 ( ) 2,501 2,501 1,659 10 ( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 3,11978 4,903 9 ( ) 2,601 2,601 1,648 10 ( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 3,11979 4,965 9 ( ) 2,786 2,786 1,499 10 ( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 3,41980 4,752 9 ( ) 2,611 2,611 1,026 10 ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,61981 4,546 9 ( ) 2,520 2,520 928 10 ( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 3,61982 4,633 9 ( ) 2,606 2,606 1,109 10 ( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 3,21983 4,381 9 ( ) 2,433 2,433 978 10 ( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 2,91984 4,555 9 ( ) 2,524 2,524 1,077 10 ( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 3,11985 4,433 9 ( ) 2,432 2,432 966 10 ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,01986 4,314 9 ( ) 2,318 2,318 923 10 ( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 2,61987 4,315 9 ( ) 2,430 2,430 1,149 10 ( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 2,81988 4,630 9 ( ) 2,670 2,670 1,096 10 ( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 2,61989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914 115,903 116,816 7,886 629 NA 629 112,71990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055 115,963 117,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 112,71991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061 116,170 117,231 8,360 601 (s) 602 112,81992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 1,107 116,420 117,527 8,698 588 2 590 112,81993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 1,124 6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 2,71994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 1,176 6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 3,01995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 3,21996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 2,81997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 3,01998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 3,51999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 3,72000 4,996 85 3,098 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 4,02001 4,771 79 2,944 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 4,12002 4,889 74 3,070 3,144 1,113 1,240 6,267 7,507 8,620 667 15 682 4,22003 5,079 58 3,121 3,179 1,122 1,144 6,007 7,150 8,273 591 18 610 3,72004 4,869 72 3,057 3,129 1,098 1,191 6,052 7,243 8,341 566 21 587 4,12005 4,827 68 2,931 2,999 1,112 1,084 5,514 6,597 7,709 584 23 607 4,52006 4,368 68 2,764 2,832 1,142 1,115 5,398 6,512 7,654 584 24 608 5,02007 R4,722 70 R2,943 R3,013 R1,226 1,050 R5,598 R6,648 R7,874 R621 25 R646 5,62008 R4,872 R66 R3,070 R3,136 R1,224 R955 R5,695 R6,650 R7,874 R648 R28 R676 R5,52009P 4,761 63 3,050 3,113 1,261 964 5,179 6,142 7,404 637 32 669 5,7

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric

utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electricutility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only." 2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants. 3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. 8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.5. See Note 4, "Natural Gas VehicleFuel," at end of section.

9 Included in "Commercial Other."

10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," atend of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. • See Ta

used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amthermal output. • See Note 2, "Natural Gas Consumption," avolumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 6014.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of compon

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natura

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and Plan

and Distribution: • 1949-2004—U.S. Energy Information Adannual reports and unpublished revisions. • 2005 forward—ETable 2. Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.7c. 2000 (November 2001), Table 95. • 1992-1998—EIA, "Alt1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to Tradi2004), Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefwere converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gadividing by the natural gas end-use sectors • 1999-2004—EIA, NGA, annual reports. • 2005 forward—Power Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other D
Figure 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage

Underground Storage, 1954-2009 Underground Storage Capacity, 1975-2009Base Gas and Working Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2009 End-of-Year Storage as Share of Total Consum196 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20091 Working-gas and base-gas data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.

Note: Storage is at end of year. 

Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Peak: 40% i

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Percent

Base Gas1

Working Gas1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas Underground Storage, 1954-2009

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas in Underground Storage

Base Gas 1 Working Gas Total

Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 Total Salt Caverns

Other Than

Salt Caverns 2 

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA NA 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA NA 1956 NA NA 919 NA NA 583 NA NA 1957 NA NA 1,001 NA NA 673 NA NA 1958 NA NA 1,056 NA NA 708 NA NA 1959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA NA 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA NA 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA NA 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA NA 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA NA 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA NA 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA NA 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA NA 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA NA 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA NA 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA NA 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA NA 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA NA 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA NA 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA NA 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA NA 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA NA 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA NA 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA NA 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA NA 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA NA 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA NA 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA NA 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA NA 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA NA 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA NA 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA NA 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA NA 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA NA 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA NA 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA NA 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA NA 1994 44 4,317 4,360 70 2,536 2,606 113 6,853 1995 60 4,290 4,349 72 2,082 2,153 131 6,371 1996 64 4,277 4,341 85 2,087 2,173 149 6,364 1997 67 4,283 4,350 83 2,092 2,175 150 6,375 1998 67 4,259 4,326 104 2,626 2,730 171 6,884 1999 69 4,314 4,383 100 2,423 2,523 169 6,738 2000 70 4,282 4,352 72 1,647 1,719 142 5,929 2001 77 4,224 4,301 115 2,789 2,904 191 7,013 2002 75 4,265 4,340 102 2,273 2,375 177 6,539 2003 76 4,227 4,303 125 2,438 2,563 201 6,665 2004 72 4,129 4,201 98 2,598 2,696 170 6,727 2005 78 4,122 4,200 123 2,513 2,635 201 6,635 2006 77 4,134 4,211 144 2,926 3,070 222 7,059 2007 80 4,154 4,234 123 2,756 2,879 203 6,910 2008 86 R4,146 R4,232 154 2,686 2,840 240 R6,832 2009P 115 4,161 4,276 188 2,943 3,131 302 7,104 

1 Includes native gas. 2 Depleted fields, aquifers, and other types of storage not using salt formations.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Storage and capacity are at end of year. • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a

pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas 

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report.Administration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas StoragCommission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage RepMonthly (NGM), monthly reports, and Natural Gas Annual, ann(April 2010), Tables 6, 8, and 9, and Form EIA-191M, "Monthly U
Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2009 Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2009Wellhead, 1949-2009 Imports, 1972-2009198 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.

See Table D1.

Source: Table 6.7.

Imports

3.71

6.47

4.19

Wellhead City Gate Imports

0

2

468

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Nominal Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0369

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2 Nominal1 Nominal1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 City Gate 2 

Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 Real 4 Nominal 3 

1949 0.06 R0.41 NA NA NA 1950 .07 R.48 NA NA NA 1955 .10 R.60 NA NA NA 1960 .14 R.75 NA NA NA 1965 .16 R.80 NA NA NA 1970 .17 R.70 NA NA NA 1971 .18 R.70 NA NA NA 1972 .19 R.71 NA NA .31 1973 .22 R.78 NA NA .35 1974 .30 R.98 NA NA .55 1975 .44 R1.31 NA NA 1.21 1976 .58 R1.63 NA NA 1.72 1977 .79 R2.09 NA NA 1.98 1978 .91 R2.25 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 R2.70 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 R3.33 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 R3.79 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 R4.44 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 R4.50 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 R4.45 3.95 R6.61 4.08 1985 2.51 R4.08 3.75 R6.09 3.21 1986 1.94 R3.08 3.22 R5.12 2.43 1987 1.67 R2.58 2.87 R4.43 1.95 1988 1.69 R2.52 2.92 R4.36 1.84 1989 1.69 R2.43 3.01 R4.33 1.82 1990 1.71 R2.37 3.03 R4.20 1.94 1991 1.64 R2.19 2.90 R3.88 1.83 1992 1.74 R2.27 3.01 R3.93 1.85 1993 2.04 R2.61 3.21 R4.10 2.03 1994 1.85 R2.32 3.07 R3.84 1.87 1995 1.55 R1.90 2.78 R3.41 1.49 1996 2.17 R2.61 R3.27 R3.94 1.97 1997 2.32 R2.74 3.66 R4.33 2.17 1998 1.96 R2.29 3.07 R3.59 1.97 1999 2.19 R2.52 3.10 R3.57 2.24 2000 3.68 R4.15 4.62 R5.21 3.95 2001 4.00 R4.41 5.72 R6.31 4.43 2002 2.95 R3.20 4.12 R4.47 3.15 2003 4.88 R5.19 5.85 R6.22 5.17 2004 5.46 R5.64 6.65 R6.87 5.81 2005 7.33 R7.33 8.67 R8.67 8.12 2006 6.39 R6.19 8.61 R8.34 6.88 2007 R6.25 R5.88 R8.16 R7.68 6.87 2008 R7.96 R7.34 R9.18 R8.46 R8.70 2009 E3.71 E3.38 P6.47 P5.89 P4.19 

1 See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 2 See "City Gate" in Glossary. 3 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural

Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: • 1949-2004—U.S. 

Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2005 forward2010), Table 3. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—Federal Power Exports of Natural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG. • 197Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-2007—EIA, NGNGM (April 2010), Table 4. 
Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Nominal1 Prices, 2009 Real6 Prices, Indexed, 1980-2009

Real6 Prices, 1967-2009

200 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20091 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Based on 98.0 percent of volume delivered.3 Based on 72.9 percent of volume delivered.4 Based on 17.7 percent of volume delivered.

5 Based on 101.2 percent of volume delivered. For an expla

see Table 6.8, footnote 8.

6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

See Table D1.Source: Table 6.8.

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

ReCoIndEle

11.97

9.75

5.27 4.89

Residential2 Commercial3 Industrial Electric

0369

12

15

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

4

Power5

ResidentialIndustrialCommercialElectric PowerVehicle Fuel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2009

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector 2 Transportation Sector 

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 7

Vehicle Fuel 4 Prices 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 

1967 1.04 R4.93 NA 0.74 R3.50 NA 0.34 R1.61 NA NA NA 1968 1.04 R4.72 NA .73 R3.32 NA .34 R1.54 NA NA NA 1969 1.05 R4.55 NA .74 R3.20 NA .35 R1.52 NA NA NA 1970 1.09 R4.48 NA .77 R3.17 NA .37 R1.52 NA NA NA 1971 1.15 R4.50 NA .82 R3.21 NA .41 R1.61 NA NA NA 1972 1.21 R4.54 NA .88 R3.30 NA .45 R1.69 NA NA NA 1973 1.29 R4.59 NA .94 R3.34 NA .50 R1.78 NA NA NA 1974 1.43 R4.66 NA 1.07 R3.49 NA .67 R2.18 NA NA NA 1975 1.71 R5.09 NA 1.35 R4.02 NA .96 R2.86 NA NA NA 1976 1.98 R5.58 NA 1.64 R4.62 NA 1.24 R3.49 NA NA NA 1977 2.35 R6.23 NA 2.04 R5.40 NA 1.50 R3.97 NA NA NA 1978 2.56 R6.34 NA 2.23 R5.52 NA 1.70 R4.21 NA NA NA 1979 2.98 R6.81 NA 2.73 R6.24 NA 1.99 R4.55 NA NA NA 1980 3.68 R7.71 NA 3.39 R7.10 NA 2.56 R5.36 NA NA NA 1981 4.29 R8.21 NA 4.00 R7.66 NA 3.14 R6.01 NA NA NA 1982 5.17 R9.33 NA 4.82 R8.70 NA 3.87 R6.98 85.1 NA NA 1983 6.06 R10.52 NA 5.59 R9.70 NA 4.18 R7.26 80.7 NA NA 1984 6.12 R10.24 NA 5.55 R9.29 NA 4.22 R7.06 74.7 NA NA 1985 6.12 R9.94 NA 5.50 R8.93 NA 3.95 R6.41 68.8 NA NA 1986 5.83 R9.26 NA 5.08 R8.07 NA 3.23 R5.13 59.8 NA NA 1987 5.54 R8.55 NA 4.77 R7.37 93.1 2.94 R4.54 47.4 NA NA 1988 5.47 R8.17 NA 4.63 R6.91 90.7 2.95 R4.40 42.6 NA NA 1989 5.64 R8.11 99.9 4.74 R6.82 89.1 2.96 R4.26 36.9 4.17 R6.00 1990 5.80 R8.03 99.2 4.83 R6.69 86.6 2.93 R4.06 35.2 3.39 R4.70 1991 5.82 R7.78 99.2 4.81 R6.43 85.1 2.69 R3.60 32.7 3.96 R5.30 1992 5.89 R7.70 99.1 4.88 R6.38 83.2 2.84 R3.71 30.3 4.05 R5.29 1993 6.16 R7.87 99.1 5.22 R6.67 83.9 3.07 R3.92 29.7 4.27 R5.46 1994 6.41 R8.03 99.1 5.44 R6.81 79.3 3.05 R3.82 25.5 4.11 R5.15 1995 6.06 R7.43 99.0 5.05 R6.19 76.7 2.71 R3.32 24.5 3.98 R4.88 1996 6.34 R7.63 99.0 5.40 R6.50 77.6 3.42 R4.12 19.4 4.34 R5.22 1997 6.94 R8.21 98.8 5.80 R6.86 70.8 3.59 R4.25 18.1 4.44 R5.25 1998 6.82 R7.98 97.7 5.48 R6.41 67.0 3.14 R3.67 16.1 4.59 R5.37 1999 6.69 R7.71 95.2 5.33 R6.14 66.1 3.12 R3.60 18.8 4.34 R5.00 2000 7.76 R8.75 92.6 6.59 R7.43 63.9 4.45 R5.02 19.8 5.54 R6.25 2001 9.63 R10.62 92.4 8.43 R9.30 66.0 5.24 R5.78 20.8 6.60 R7.28 2002 7.89 R8.57 97.9 6.63 R7.20 77.4 4.02 R4.36 22.7 5.10 R5.54 2003 9.63 R10.23 97.5 8.40 R8.93 78.2 5.89 R6.26 22.1 6.19 R6.58 2004 10.75 R11.11 97.7 9.43 R9.74 78.0 6.53 R6.75 23.7 7.16 R7.40 2005 12.70 R12.70 98.2 11.34 R11.34 82.1 8.56 R8.56 24.1 9.14 R9.14 2006 13.73 R13.30 98.1 12.00 R11.62 80.8 7.87 R7.62 23.4 8.72 R8.45 2007 R13.08 R12.31 98.0 R11.34 R10.68 R80.4 7.68 R7.23 R22.2 R8.50 R8.01 2008 R13.89 R12.80 R97.9 R12.23 R11.27 R79.9 R9.67 R8.91 R20.5 R11.75 R10.83 2009 P11.97 P10.90 E98.0 P9.75 P8.88 P72.9 P5.27 P4.80 P17.7 NA NA 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. 2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 2001, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. SeeNote 5, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.

4 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in

the operation of fleet vehicles. 5 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

7 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available. 8 Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are greater than reported natural gas consumption—this can occur when combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants report fuel receipts related

to non-electric generating activities.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. • The average for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of the natural gas consumed by each sector

by the total quantity consumed. • Prices are intended to include 

Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas

information.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-200

(EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Sup• 2009—Estimated by EIA as the average of the three previous Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. Electric Power Price: • 2005-2008—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (April 2010)"Power Plant Operations Report." Electric Power Percentage EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts by electric utilities repof Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants" (and prenatural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973-Table 8.7b). • 2002-2007—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of independent power producers reported on Forms FERC-423, Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," and EIA-423, "Monthly Cost and divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the electric p2009—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gas receipts producers reported on Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Table 8.7b). Aannual reports. • 2005 forward—EIA, NGM (April 2010), Table 
Natural Gas

Note 1. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental gaseous fuels are anysubstances that, introduced into or commingled with natural gas, increase thevolume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas,

or air or inert gases added for British thermal unit (Btu) stabilization.

Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual. Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels

are included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels consumed is known for1980 forward, the amount consumed by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA.

These estimates are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous fuels)data for Tables 1.3, 2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1d, and 2.1f (note: to avoid double-counting inthese tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are accounted for in their primary energycategory: “Coal,” “Petroleum,” or “Biomass”). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power sectors, but are not commingled with natural gasused for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The estimatedconsumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each sector (residential, commercial,other industrial, and electric power) is calculated as that sector’s natural gas consumption (see Table 6.5) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption by the residential,commercial, other industrial, and electric power sectors (see Table 6.5), and then multiplied by total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 6.1). For estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels in Btu, the residential,commercial, and other industrial values in cubic feet are multiplied by the “End-UseSectors” conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in cubic feetare multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversion factors (see Table A4).Total supplemental gaseous fuels consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of

the Btu values for the sectors.

Note 2. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for space

heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by

nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The

commercial sector includes generators that produce eoutput primarily to support the activities of the abovelishments; Industrial Sector—Consumption by estain processing unfinished materials into another form petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease sector includes generators that produce electricity primarily to support the above-mentioned industriSector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (eleent power producers)—Consumption for electricimal output at electricity-only and combined-heat-anthe NAICS (North American Industry Classificatio

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity a

Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prtility generators were not separately collected from nEIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and SupDisposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those voluboth the industrial and electric power sectors and doution. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reportgenerators.Note 4. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in in million cubic feet, are: 1992–2,112; 1993–2,81996–6,111; 1997–8,393; 1998–9,416; 1999–10,3982002–15,810; 2003–17,484; 2004–21,487; 2005–22,57and 2008–24,659.Note 5. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natura

data for electric power sector natural gas prices inclwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all stotaled 25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peand counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater include all electric utility plants at which the genersteam-electric units combined totaled 50 megawatdata include all electric utility plants at which the of all steam-electric units and combined-cycle unwatts or greater. For 2002 forward, data include elpower producer plants at which the total facility fo

ing capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of u

202 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Coal 7

Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 7.0 Coal Flow, 2009

(Million Short Tons)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Includes fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste that are consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Notes: • Production categories are estimated; other 

derived from source data prior to rounding for publicatiocomponents due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2009Overview, 2009 Production as Share of Consumption by Type 206 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Dry natural gas production as share of natural gas consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production as share of petroleum products supplied.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons Production Consumption

Net Exports

1,073

23 59

1,000

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

500

1,0001,500

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125

0

Percent
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Trade

Stock Change 4

Lo

Unacc

Imports Exports Net Imports 3 

1949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 -32.5 6 ( ) 1950 560.4 NA .4 29.4 -29.0 6 ( ) 1955 490.8 NA .3 54.4 -54.1 6 ( ) 1960 434.3 NA .3 38.0 -37.7 6 ( ) 1965 527.0 NA .2 51.0 -50.8 6 ( ) 1970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 -71.7 6 ( ) 1971 560.9 NA .1 57.3 -57.2 6 ( ) 1972 602.5 NA (s) 56.7 -56.7 6 ( ) 1973 598.6 NA .1 53.6 -53.5 6 ( ) 1974 610.0 NA 2.1 60.7 -58.6 -8.9 1975 654.6 NA .9 66.3 -65.4 32.2 1976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 -58.8 8.5 1977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 -52.7 22.6 1978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -37.8 -4.9 1979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 -64.0 36.2 1980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 -90.5 25.6 1981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -111.5 -19.0 1982 838.1 NA .7 106.3 -105.5 22.6 1983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -76.5 -29.5 1984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 -80.2 28.7 1985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -90.7 -27.9 1986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 -83.3 4.0 1987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 -77.9 6.5 1988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -92.9 -24.9 1989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -98.0 -13.7 1990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 -103.1 26.5 1991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -105.6 -.9 1992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -98.7 -3.0 1993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -66.3 -51.9 1994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 -62.5 23.6 1995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -79.1 -.3 1996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -82.4 -17.5 1997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -76.1 -11.3 1998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 -69.3 24.2 1999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 -49.4 24.0 2000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -46.0 -48.3 2001 11,127.7 10.1 19.8 48.7 -28.9 41.6 2002 1,094.3 9.1 16.9 39.6 -22.7 10.2 2003 1,071.8 10.0 25.0 43.0 -18.0 -26.7 2004 1,112.1 11.3 27.3 48.0 -20.7 -11.5 2005 1,131.5 13.4 30.5 49.9 -19.5 -9.7 2006 1,162.7 14.4 36.2 49.6 -13.4 42.6 2007 1,146.6 14.1 36.3 59.2 -22.8 5.8 2008 R1,171.8 R14.1 34.2 81.5 -47.3 R12.4 2009P 1,072.8 12.4 22.6 59.1 -36.5 33.7 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coalsupplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.

6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of s

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal Supplied: 

Administration (EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power PEIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • Report," and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quaforward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 20• 1949-2001—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cforward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2009 7.4. Stock Change: Table 7.5. Losses and Unaccounted for
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2009

Total By RankBy Mining Method By Location208 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Anthracite

Subbitum

1 Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969. Source: Table 7.2.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

1,2001,500

Million Short Tons

Bituminous

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons 1.1 billion short tons in 2009

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

Million Short Tons Surface

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Underground

Million Short TonsEast of the Mississippi

West of the Mississippi
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Location

Bituminous

Coal 1

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite 1 Underground Surface 1

East of the 

Mississippi 1

1949 437.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 1950 516.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 1955 464.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 1960 415.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 1965 512.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 1971 521.3 22.2 8.7 8.7 277.2 283.7 509.9 1972 556.8 27.5 11.0 7.1 305.0 297.4 538.2 1973 543.5 33.9 14.3 6.8 300.1 298.5 522.1 1974 545.7 42.2 15.5 6.6 278.0 332.1 518.1 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 1998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 1999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 2000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 2001 1611.3 434.4 80.0 11.9 380.6 1747.1 1528.8 2002 572.1 438.4 82.5 1.4 357.4 736.9 492.9 2003 541.5 442.6 86.4 1.3 352.8 719.0 469.2 2004 561.5 465.4 83.5 1.7 367.6 744.5 484.8 2005 571.2 474.7 83.9 1.7 368.6 762.9 493.8 2006 561.6 515.3 84.2 1.5 359.0 803.7 490.8 2007 542.8 523.7 78.6 1.6 351.8 794.8 478.2 2008 R555.3 R539.1 75.7 1.7 R357.1 R814.7 R493.3 2009 E493.7 E504.7 E72.5 E1.9 E331.6 E741.1 E447.9 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EnergyData Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977

and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Co

Operations—1977; 1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 

• 1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal R

• 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal ProducCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2008—EIA• 2009—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2009 "Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Min7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Repo
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2009By Sector, 2009 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2009210 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of electricity-only

plants.

2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pla

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 7.3.

Residential, Commercial1,

and Transportation2

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons Electric Power3

(s) 3

61

937

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) (s)

6

11 13

44

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

100

Percent

1949 2009
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Residential

Sector 1

Commercial Sector 1 Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electri

CHP 

3 Other 4 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

5 Non-CHP 6 Total

1949 52.4 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 8 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 84.0 1950 51.6 7 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 8 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 91.9 1955 35.6 7 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 8 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 143.8 1960 24.2 7 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 8 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 176.7 1965 14.6 7 ( ) 11.0 11.0 95.3 8 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 .7 244.8 1970 9.0 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 8 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 .3 320.2 1971 7.4 7 ( ) 7.8 7.8 83.2 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 158.9 .2 327.3 1972 5.0 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 87.7 8 ( ) 72.9 72.9 160.6 .2 351.8 1973 4.1 7 ( ) 7.0 7.0 94.1 8 ( ) 68.0 68.0 162.1 .1 389.2 1974 3.7 7 ( ) 7.8 7.8 90.2 8 ( ) 64.9 64.9 155.1 .1 391.8 1975 2.8 7 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 8 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 406.0 1976 2.6 7 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 8 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 448.4 1977 2.5 7 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 8 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 477.1 1978 2.2 7 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 8 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 8 ( ) 481.2 1979 1.7 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 8 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 8 ( ) 527.1 1980 1.4 7 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 8 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 8 ( ) 569.3 1981 1.3 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 8 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 8 ( ) 596.8 1982 1.4 7 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 8 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 8 ( ) 593.7 1983 1.4 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 8 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 8 ( ) 625.2 1984 1.7 7 ( ) 7.4 7.4 44.0 8 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 8 ( ) 664.4 1985 1.7 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 41.1 8 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 8 ( ) 693.8 1986 1.8 7 ( ) 5.9 5.9 35.9 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 8 ( ) 685.1 1987 1.6 7 ( ) 5.3 5.3 37.0 8 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 8 ( ) 717.9 1988 1.6 7 ( ) 5.6 5.6 41.9 8 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 8 ( ) 758.4 1989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 8 ( ) 767.4 1990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.2 8 ( ) 774.2 1991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 8 ( ) 773.2 1992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 8 ( ) 781.2 1993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 8 ( ) 816.6 1994 .9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 8 ( ) 821.2 1995 .8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 8 ( ) 832.9 1996 .7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 8 ( ) 878.8 1997 .7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 8 ( ) 904.2 1998 .5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 8 ( ) 920.4 1999 .6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.8 8 ( ) 924.7 2000 .5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.1 8 ( ) 967.1 2001 .5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.3 8 ( ) 946.1 2002 .5 1.4 2.5 3.9 23.7 26.2 34.5 60.7 84.4 8 ( ) 960.1 2003 .6 1.8 1.9 3.7 24.2 24.8 36.4 61.3 85.5 8 ( ) 983.5 2004 .5 1.9 2.7 4.6 23.7 26.6 35.6 62.2 85.9 8 ( ) 994.8 2005 .4 1.9 2.4 4.3 23.4 25.9 34.5 60.3 83.8 8 ( ) 1,015.6 2006 .3 1.9 1.1 2.9 23.0 25.3 34.2 59.5 82.4 8 ( ) 1,004.8 2007 .4 1.9 1.2 3.2 22.7 22.5 34.1 56.6 79.3 8 ( ) 1,022.8 2008 .4 R2.0 R1.1 3.2 22.1 R21.9 R32.5 R54.4 R76.5 8 ( ) R1,017.8 2009P .3 1.8 1.1 2.9 15.3 19.7 25.7 45.4 60.7 8 ( ) 917.4 

1 See Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates," at end of section. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.

4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP." 7 Included in "Commercial Other." 8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c

for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • 

section. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into E• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: Commercial CHP and Industrial CHP: Table 8.

8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: • 1949-1975—Bure"Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal—Pennsylvania AntInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, CoaCoal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 1979 and Coal Report. • 1981-2002—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (Q• 2003 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2009 (April 2010
Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2009 By Selected Country, 2009By Selected Country, 1960-2009212 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 7.4.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

lands

10.6

7.4

5.9

4.6

Canada Brazil Nether- United F

0

2

468

10

12

Million Short Tons

Kingdom

Total

Europe

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 20

0

102030

Million Short Tons

Netherlands

Japan
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2009

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Belgium 

1 Denmark France Germany 2 Italy

Netherlands Spain Turkey United Kingdom Other Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 NA – 2.4 17.1 1961 12.1 1.0 1.0 .1 .7 4.3 4.8 2.6 .2 NA – 2.0 15.7 1962 12.3 1.3 1.3 (s) .9 5.1 6.0 3.3 .8 NA (s) 1.8 19.1 1963 14.6 1.2 2.7 (s) 2.7 5.6 7.9 5.0 1.5 NA – 2.4 27.7 1964 14.8 1.1 2.3 (s) 2.2 5.2 8.1 4.2 1.4 NA – 2.6 26.0 1965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 NA (s) 2.3 25.1 1966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 NA (s) 2.5 23.1 1967 15.8 1.7 1.4 – 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 NA – 2.1 19.4 1968 17.1 1.8 1.1 – 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 NA – 1.9 15.5 1969 17.3 1.8 .9 – 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 NA – 1.3 15.2 1970 19.1 2.0 1.9 – 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 NA (s) 1.8 21.8 1971 18.0 1.9 .8 – 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 NA 1.7 1.1 16.6 1972 18.7 1.9 1.1 – 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 NA 2.4 1.1 16.9 1973 16.7 1.6 1.2 – 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 NA .9 1.3 14.4 1974 14.2 1.3 1.1 – 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 NA 1.4 .9 16.1 1975 17.3 2.0 .6 – 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 NA 1.9 1.6 19.0 1976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 NA .8 2.1 19.9 1977 17.7 2.3 1.5 .1 2.1 .9 4.1 2.0 1.6 NA .6 2.1 15.0 1978 15.7 1.5 1.1 – 1.7 .6 3.2 1.1 .8 NA .4 2.2 11.0 1979 19.5 2.8 3.2 .2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 NA 1.4 4.4 23.9 1980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 NA 4.1 6.0 41.9 1981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 .6 2.3 8.2 57.0 1982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 1.6 2.0 6.0 51.3 1983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.6 1.2 4.7 33.1 1984 20.4 4.7 3.9 .6 3.8 .9 7.6 5.5 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.9 32.8 1985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.2 2.7 8.1 45.1 1986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 .8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.4 2.9 5.9 42.6 1987 16.2 5.8 4.6 .9 2.9 .5 9.5 4.1 2.5 .8 2.6 5.8 34.2 1988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 .7 11.1 5.1 2.5 2.0 3.7 6.4 45.1 1989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 .7 11.2 6.1 3.3 1.7 4.5 7.2 51.6 1990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 2.1 5.2 7.4 58.4 1991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 2.2 6.2 8.2 65.5 1992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 2.0 5.6 6.6 57.3 1993 8.9 5.2 5.2 .3 4.0 .5 6.9 5.6 4.1 1.6 4.1 5.3 37.6 1994 9.2 5.5 4.9 .5 2.9 .3 7.5 4.9 4.1 1.3 3.4 6.0 35.8 1995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 2.0 4.7 8.7 48.6 1996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 2.2 6.2 7.7 47.2 1997 15.0 7.5 4.3 .4 3.4 .9 7.0 4.8 4.1 2.1 7.2 7.1 41.3 1998 20.7 6.5 3.2 .3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 1.6 5.9 5.3 33.8 1999 19.8 4.4 2.1 – 2.5 .6 4.0 3.4 2.5 .8 3.2 3.5 22.5 2000 18.8 4.5 2.9 .1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 1.8 3.3 3.9 25.0 2001 17.6 4.6 2.8 – 2.2 .9 5.4 2.1 1.6 .9 2.5 2.4 20.8 2002 16.7 3.5 2.4 – 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 .6 1.9 1.8 15.6 2003 20.8 3.5 1.8 .3 1.3 .5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.5 2.1 15.1 2004 17.8 4.4 1.7 .1 1.1 .6 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.3 15.2 2005 19.5 4.2 2.1 .1 1.3 .7 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 4.1 18.8 2006 19.9 4.5 2.2 .4 1.6 1.7 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.6 4.2 20.8 2007 18.4 6.5 2.1 .1 2.4 2.3 3.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 3.4 5.8 27.1 2008 23.0 6.4 3.1 .4 3.5 2.5 3.2 7.0 2.4 1.9 5.8 10.6 40.3 2009P 10.6 7.4 2.7 .3 3.4 2.5 2.3 5.9 1.7 1.4 4.6 5.3 30.1 

1 Through 1999, includes Luxembourg. 2 Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for

Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

P=Preliminary. NA = Not Available. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, 

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—U.S. EneIndustry Annual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Qquarterly reports; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of 
Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2009 By Holding Entity, 2009By Holding Entity, 1949-2009214 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Stocks are at end of year. Source: Table 7.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 

Total

Electric

Power 

Sector1

and Distributors

190

41

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125150175200

Million Short Tons

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Electric Power Sector1

In

Producers and D
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

Consumers

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector

Transportation

Sector

Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 2 

1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 3 ( ) 22.1 1950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 3 ( ) 31.8 1955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 3 ( ) 41.4 1960 NA .7 11.1 11.6 22.8 3 ( ) 51.7 1965 NA .4 10.6 13.1 23.8 3 ( ) 54.5 1970 NA .3 9.0 11.8 20.8 3 ( ) 71.9 1971 NA .3 7.3 5.6 12.9 3 ( ) 77.8 1972 NA .3 9.1 7.6 16.7 3 ( ) 99.7 1973 12.5 .3 7.0 10.4 17.4 3 ( ) 87.0 1974 11.6 .3 6.2 6.6 12.8 3 ( ) 83.5 1975 12.1 .2 8.8 8.5 17.3 3 ( ) 110.7 1976 14.2 .2 9.9 7.1 17.0 3 ( ) 117.4 1977 14.2 .2 12.8 11.1 23.9 3 ( ) 133.2 1978 20.7 .4 8.3 9.0 17.3 NA 128.2 1979 20.8 .3 10.2 11.8 21.9 NA 159.7 1980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 NA 183.0 1981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 NA 168.9 1982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 NA 181.1 1983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 NA 155.6 1984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 NA 179.7 1985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 NA 156.4 1986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 NA 161.8 1987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 NA 170.8 1988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 NA 146.5 1989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 NA 135.9 1990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 NA 156.2 1991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 NA 157.9 1992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 NA 154.1 1993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 NA 111.3 1994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 NA 126.9 1995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 NA 126.3 1996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 NA 114.6 1997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 NA 98.8 1998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 NA 120.5 1999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 NA 141.6 2000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 NA 102.3 2001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 NA 138.5 2002 43.3 NA 1.4 5.8 7.2 NA 141.7 2003 38.3 NA .9 4.7 5.6 NA 121.6 2004 41.2 NA 1.3 4.8 6.2 NA 106.7 2005 35.0 NA 2.6 5.6 8.2 NA 101.1 2006 36.5 NA 2.9 6.5 9.4 NA 141.0 2007 34.0 NA 1.9 5.6 7.6 NA 151.2 2008 R34.7 .5 2.3 6.0 8.3 NA R161.6 2009P E41.3 .5 2.0 5.1 7.1 NA 190.0 

1 Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Beginning in

1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing plants only.

2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1998, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Included in "Industrial Sector Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: Electric Power Sector: Table 8.8. All Other 

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "C• 1976—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), EneLignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal RWeekly Coal Report. • 1980-2002—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rreports. • 2003 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2009 (A
Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2009 Mining Methods, 2009 LocatiMining Method,1 1949-2009 By Region and Mining Method, 2009216 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.

Note: Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

Source: Table 7.6.

05

101520

Short Tons per Employee Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Employee Hour

3.01

9.15

Underground Surface

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour 1.77 in 1978 5.61 in 2009

Peak: 6.99 in 2000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Short Tons per Employee Hour 2.77 3.27 

Underground Surface Und

06

12

1824

Short Tons per Employee Hour

Surface

Underground

 East of Mississippi 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Short Tons per Employee Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 2 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface 2 Total 2 Underground Surface 2 

1949 30.68 31.92 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 3.72 31.96 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 31.04 32.65 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 31.33 32.91 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 31.75 34.10 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 31.72 34.53 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 31.50 34.49 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 31.49 34.54 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 31.46 34.58 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 31.41 34.74 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 31.19 33.26 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 31.14 33.25 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 31.09 33.16 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 31.04 33.03 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 1985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 1986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 1987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 1988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 1989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 1990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 1991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 1992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 1993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 1994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 1995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 1996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 1997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 1998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 1999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 2000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 2001 4.02 210.58 3.71 24.53 23.98 8.39 220.63 2002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 3.86 7.80 20.67 2003 4.04 10.75 3.68 4.18 3.85 8.33 21.42 2004 3.96 10.55 3.59 3.95 3.72 8.22 22.04 2005 3.62 10.03 3.28 3.75 3.44 7.48 21.98 2006 3.37 10.18 3.06 3.74 3.29 6.62 22.26 2007 3.34 10.24 3.03 3.74 3.27 6.52 22.35 2008 R3.15 R9.81 R2.87 3.58 R3.12 R6.07 R21.85 2009P 3.01 9.15 2.77 3.27 2.94 5.45 19.83 

1 Data through 1973 for bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, and data through 1978 for

anthracite, were originally reported in short tons per employee day—these data were converted to shorttons per employee hour by assuming an eight-hour day. Through 1997, other data were calculated bydividing total production by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers; beginningin 1998, the calculation also includes office workers. 2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 3 Through 1978, data for anthracite are not available by mining method, but are included in "Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—U.S. EnergData Reports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coaand 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous CoOperations—1977; 1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite Report, Coal Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal ProdCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2008—EIA• 2009—EIA, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and UHealth Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employmen
Figure 7.7 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2009Overview, 2009 Trade, 1949-2009218 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 7.7.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Million Short Tons Consump

Production

11.1

0.3

1.3

10.3

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

2

468

10

12

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Million Short Tons 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production

Trade

Stock Change 2 

Imports Exports Net Imports 1

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 1950 72.7 .4 .4 (s) -.7 1955 75.3 .1 .5 -.4 -1.2 1960 57.2 .1 .4 -.2 .1 1965 66.9 .1 .8 -.7 .7 1970 66.5 .2 2.5 -2.3 1.0 1971 57.4 .2 1.5 -1.3 -.6 1972 60.5 .2 1.2 -1.0 -.6 1973 64.3 1.1 1.4 -.3 -1.7 1974 61.6 3.5 1.3 2.3 -.2 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 .5 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 .6 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 .7 5.0 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 2.5 1.7 1980 46.1 .7 2.1 -1.4 3.4 1981 42.8 .5 1.2 -.6 -1.9 1982 28.1 .1 1.0 -.9 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) .7 -.6 -4.7 1984 30.4 .6 1.0 -.5 .2 1985 28.4 .6 1.1 -.5 -1.2 1986 24.9 .3 1.0 -.7 -.5 1987 26.3 .9 .6 .3 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 1.6 .5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 1.2 .3 1990 27.6 .8 .6 .2 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 .8 .4 .2 1992 23.4 2.1 .7 1.4 -.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 -.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 2.4 -.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 2.5 .4 1996 23.1 2.5 1.6 .9 (s) 1997 22.1 3.1 1.3 1.9 (s) 1998 20.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 -.4 1999 20.0 3.2 .9 2.3 -.1 2000 20.8 3.8 1.1 2.6 .2 2001 18.9 2.5 1.3 1.2 -.1 2002 16.8 3.2 .8 2.5 -.4 2003 17.2 2.8 .7 2.0 -.2 2004 16.9 6.9 1.3 5.6 (s) 2005 16.7 3.5 1.7 1.8 .3 2006 16.4 4.1 1.6 2.5 .1 2007 16.2 2.5 1.4 1.0 -.1 2008 15.6 3.6 2.0 1.6 .3 2009P 11.1 .3 1.3 -1.0 -.1 

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 2 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates an increase.

3 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

• 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIAChemicals, annual reports. • 1981-2002—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rreports. • 2003 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2009 (A
Figure 7.8 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2009By Type, 1949-2009 By Type, 2009220 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

204060

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short Ton

Anthracite

Lignite

Subbituminous Coal

Peak 1975: $57.65

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Real (2005) Dollars1 per Short Ton

60.35

54.25

21.53

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite 

0

10203040506070

Nominal Dollars2 per Short Ton

Coal 

Bituminous

 Coal

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table D1. See “Chained Dollars” in Glossary. 2 See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 7.8.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Anthracite 

Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 Nominal 2 Real 3 

1949 44.90 4,R33.83 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.37 R16.36 8.90 R61.44 1950 44.86 4,R33.19 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.41 R16.46 9.34 R63.78 1955 44.51 4,R27.19 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.38 R14.35 8.00 R48.23 1960 44.71 4,R25.33 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.29 R12.31 8.01 R43.07 1965 44.45 4,R22.34 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.13 R10.69 8.51 R42.72 1970 46.30 4,R25.91 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1.86 R7.65 11.03 R45.36 1971 47.13 4,R27.92 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1.93 R7.56 12.08 R47.31 1972 47.78 4,R29.21 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.04 R7.66 12.40 R46.56 1973 48.71 4,R30.98 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.09 R7.43 13.65 R48.56 1974 416.01 4,R52.21 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2.19 R7.14 22.19 R72.36 1975 419.79 4,R58.96 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.17 R9.44 32.26 R96.12 1976 420.11 4,R56.67 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3.74 R10.54 33.92 R95.58 1977 420.59 4,R54.54 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4.03 R10.68 34.86 R92.34 1978 422.64 4,R56.04 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 5.68 R14.06 35.25 R87.25 1979 27.31 R62.41 9.55 R21.82 6.48 R14.81 41.06 R93.83 1980 29.17 R61.09 11.08 R23.20 7.60 R15.92 42.51 R89.02 1981 31.51 R60.34 12.18 R23.32 8.85 R16.95 44.28 R84.79 1982 32.15 R58.02 13.37 R24.13 9.79 R17.67 49.85 R89.96 1983 31.11 R54.01 13.03 R22.62 9.91 R17.20 52.29 R90.78 1984 30.63 R51.25 12.41 R20.76 10.45 R17.48 48.22 R80.68 1985 30.78 R49.99 12.57 R20.41 10.68 R17.34 45.80 R74.38 1986 28.84 R45.82 12.26 R19.48 10.64 R16.91 44.12 R70.10 1987 28.19 R43.53 11.32 R17.48 10.85 R16.75 43.65 R67.40 1988 27.66 R41.29 10.45 R15.60 10.06 R15.02 44.16 R65.92 1989 27.40 R39.41 10.16 R14.61 9.91 R14.26 42.93 R61.75 1990 27.43 R37.99 9.70 R13.43 10.13 R14.03 39.40 R54.57 1991 27.49 R36.77 9.68 R12.95 10.89 R14.57 36.34 R48.61 1992 26.78 R34.99 9.68 R12.65 10.81 R14.12 34.24 R44.74 1993 26.15 R33.43 9.33 R11.93 11.11 R14.20 32.94 R42.11 1994 25.68 R32.15 8.37 R10.48 10.77 R13.48 36.07 R45.16 1995 25.56 R31.35 8.10 R9.93 10.83 R13.28 39.78 R48.79 1996 25.17 R30.29 7.87 R9.47 10.92 R13.14 36.78 R44.27 1997 24.64 R29.14 7.42 R8.78 10.91 R12.90 35.12 R41.54 1998 24.87 R29.08 6.96 R8.14 11.08 R12.96 42.91 R50.18 1999 23.92 R27.57 6.87 R7.92 11.04 R12.72 35.13 R40.49 2000 24.15 R27.24 7.12 R8.03 11.41 R12.87 40.90 R46.14 2001 25.36 R27.98 6.67 R7.36 11.52 R12.71 47.67 R52.59 2002 26.57 R28.84 7.34 R7.97 11.07 R12.02 47.78 R51.87 2003 26.73 R28.41 7.73 R8.21 11.20 R11.90 49.87 R53.00 2004 30.56 R31.58 8.12 R8.39 12.27 R12.68 39.77 R41.10 2005 36.80 R36.80 8.68 R8.68 13.49 R13.49 41.00 R41.00 2006 39.32 R38.08 9.95 R9.64 14.00 R13.56 43.61 R42.23 2007 40.80 R38.41 10.69 R10.06 14.89 R14.02 52.24 R49.18 2008 R51.39 R47.37 R12.31 R11.35 R16.50 R15.21 R60.76 R56.01 2009E 54.25 49.42 13.71 12.49 21.53 19.61 60.35 54.98 

1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977

and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.

2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in Table

D1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

4 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Prices are free-on-board (F.O.B.) rail/barge prices, which are the F.O.B. prices of coal at the point

of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. For 1949-2000, prices are for open marketand captive coal sales; for 2001-2007, prices are for open market coal sales; for 2008 forward, prices arefor open market and captive coal sales. See "Captive Coal," "Free on Board (F.O.B.)," and "Open MarketCoal" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Ye

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous Yearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, BiMine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979Report, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1980-1992—• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and uAnnual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2009—EIA, Form EIDepartment of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Fand Coal Production Report."
Coal

Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developedprimarily from consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reportedby all electric power companies and coke plant companies. Data on coalconsumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments are based onconsumption data obtained quarterly from coal users. Beginning in 2008, dataon coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors are based ondata received on Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport–Manufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal Plants andCommercial and Institutional Users.” Prior to 2008, data on coal consumptionby the residential and commercial sectors are based on distribution dataobtained annually from coal distributors. Included in each sector’s data are thefollowing: Residential and Commercial Sectors—commercial and institutionalestablishments including military bases, universities, and various Statefacilities; Industrial Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, cokingplants, and coal preparation plants; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities andindependent power producers)—consumption for electric generation and usefulthermal output at electricity-only and CHP plants within the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) 22 categoto sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pubTransportation Sector.Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Co

consumption by the residential and commercial seEnergy Information Administration (EIA) for the twmates the amount consumed by the sectors individualfirst assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing uBtu rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the able on the number of occupied housing units by hea1973–1981, and subsequent odd-numbered yearsconsumption of coal is estimated by the following number of occupied housing units heated by coal to heated by oil; that ratio is then multiplied by the Btthe residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu the residential sector; and, finally, the amount estimconsumption is subtracted from the residential and consumption to derive the commercial sector’s estimshare is applied to 1949, and the other missing years’ 

222 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Electricity

8

High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Figure 8.0 Electricity Flow, 2009

(Quadrillion Btu)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,

and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

3 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. Derived for the diagram by

subtracting the “T & D Losses” estimate from “T & D Losses and Unaccounted for” derived fromTable 8.1.

4 Electric energy used in the operation of power plants.5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of

generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated a

6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) prod

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in dirprocess located within the same facility or group of facil

ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • See Note, “Elect

end of Section 2. • Net generation of electricity includminus energy used for pumping. • Values are derived f

publication. • Totals may not equal sum of componen

Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, A6 (column 

Administration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations R
Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

Overview, 2009 Electricity Trade, 1949-2009Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2009(Billion Kilowatthours)226 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy

service providers.

3 See Table 8.1, footnote 8.

4 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses th

generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electhe end of Section 2.

5 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.

3,814

8 131 52 18

3,575

166

Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct

0

1,5003,0004,500

Billion Kilowatthours

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Kilowatthours Imports

Sales2 Use3

Exports

Power1 mercial trial

Net Generation Trade End Use
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation Trade

T & D Losses 5

and

Unaccounted

for 6

Electric Power

Sector 2

Commercial

Sector 3

Industrial

Sector 4 Total

Imports 1 Exports 1 Net Imports 1

S

From Canada Total To Canada Total Total 

1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 2 43 1950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 2 44 1955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 4 58 1960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 5 76 1965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 (s) 104 1970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 2 145 1971 1,613 NA 3 1,616 NA 7 NA 4 4 150 1972 1,750 NA 3 1,753 NA 10 NA 3 8 166 1973 1,861 NA 3 1,864 NA 17 NA 3 14 165 1974 1,867 NA 3 1,870 NA 15 NA 3 13 177 1975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 6 180 1976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 9 194 1977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 17 197 1978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 20 211 1979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 20 200 1980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 21 216 1981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 33 184 1982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 29 187 1983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 35 198 1984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 40 173 1985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 41 190 1986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 36 158 1987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 46 164 1988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 32 161 1989 22,848 4 4115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 11 222 1990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 2 203 1991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 20 207 1992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 25 212 1993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 28 224 1994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 45 211 1995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 39 229 1996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 40 231 1997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 34 224 1998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 26 221 1999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 29 240 2000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 34 244 2001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 22 202 2002 3,698 7 153 3,858 37 37 15 16 21 248 2003 3,721 7 155 3,883 29 30 24 24 6 228 2004 3,808 8 154 3,971 33 34 22 23 11 266 2005 3,902 8 145 4,055 43 45 19 20 25 269 2006 3,908 8 148 4,065 42 43 23 24 18 266 2007 4,005 8 143 4,157 50 51 20 20 31 264 2008 R3,974 8 R137 R4,119 56 57 23 24 33 R246 R2009P 3,814 8 131 3,953 51 52 17 18 34 246 

1 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, data

are for industrial hydroelectric power only.

5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation and

delivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.

6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energy

service providers. 8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by 

power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service ofacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and 

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equrounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

By Sector, 1989-2009 By Source Category, 2009 By Source, 2009By Source, 1949-2009228 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Wind, petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, solar thermal and photovoltaic,

batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies,and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

2 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

2.7

0.8

0.4

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

1

2

3

Trillion Kilowatthours 

20%

7%

23%

Total 5%

 (All Sectors)

Natural

Gas

Other

Electric Power

Hydroelectric

Power2

Nuclear

Electric Power

Fuels

Commercial and Industrial

Electric

Power

Energy

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Other1 Nuclear Electric Power

Natural Gas 
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2009 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. 2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, andtire-derived fuels).

— = No data reported.(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.

3.8

0.1 (s)

Electric Power Industrial Commercial

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1989 1992 1995 1998 20

0

1

2

345

Trillion KilowatthoursElectricity-On

Combined-Heat-and

4

(ss) 1 (—) (ss) (ss) 

75

26

14

8

3 2 1 

Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Petroleum Conventional W

0

306090

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Commercial

Hydroelectric

Power
230 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 100.9 .4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 116.2 .3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 149.4 .1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 197.0 .3 NA .2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 251.0 .1 .2 .5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 6 ( ) 269.5 .1 .2 .5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 6 ( ) 275.9 .1 .2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 6 ( ) 275.4 .1 .2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 6 ( ) 304.2 .1 .2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 303.2 (s) .2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 286.9 .1 .2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 223.6 .3 .2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 283.5 .2 .1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 283.1 .3 .2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 279.2 .3 .2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 263.8 .2 .1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 312.4 .2 .1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 335.3 .2 .2 6.1 NA (1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 324.3 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 284.3 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 294.0 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 252.9 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 226.1 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (198911 1,583.8 164.4 352.6 7.9 2,108.6 529.4 6 ( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 .3 21990 1,594.0 126.5 372.8 10.4 2,103.6 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 .4 21991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 .5 31992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 .4 21993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 .5 31994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 .5 31995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 .5 31996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 .5 31997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 .5 31998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 .5 31999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 .5 42000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 .5 52001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 14.5 13.7 .5 62002 1,933.1 94.6 691.0 11.5 2,730.2 780.1 -8.7 264.3 38.7 15.0 14.5 .6 102003 1,973.7 119.4 649.9 15.6 2,758.6 763.7 -8.5 275.8 37.5 15.8 14.4 .5 112004 1,978.3 121.1 710.1 15.3 2,824.8 788.5 -8.5 268.4 38.1 15.4 14.8 .6 142005 2,012.9 122.2 761.0 13.5 2,909.5 782.0 -6.6 270.3 38.9 15.4 14.7 .6 172006 1,990.5 64.2 816.4 14.2 2,885.3 787.2 -6.6 289.2 38.8 16.1 14.6 .5 262007 2,016.5 65.7 896.6 13.5 2,992.2 806.4 -6.9 247.5 39.0 16.5 14.6 .6 342008 R1,985.8 R46.2 R883.0 R11.7 R2,926.7 806.2 R-6.3 R254.8 R37.3 R17.7 R15.0 R.9 R552009P 1,764.5 38.8 920.4 10.7 2,734.4 798.7 -4.3 272.1 36.2 18.1 15.2 .8 70

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste 

fuels).

11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for elec

1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Begindependent power producers, commercial plants, and industria

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less thaNotes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at 

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, s

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector

forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 6 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 .0 6 ( ) 95.9 .4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 .0 6 ( ) 113.0 .3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 .5 6 ( ) 145.8 .1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 6 ( ) 193.9 .3 NA .2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 6 ( ) 247.7 .1 .2 .5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 6 ( ) 266.3 .1 .2 .5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 6 ( ) 272.6 .1 .2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 6 ( ) 272.1 .1 .2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 6 ( ) 301.0 .1 .2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 6 ( ) 300.0 (s) .2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 6 ( ) 283.7 .1 .2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 6 ( ) 220.5 .3 .2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 6 ( ) 280.4 .2 .1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 6 ( ) 279.8 .3 .2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 6 ( ) 276.0 .3 .2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 6 ( ) 260.7 .2 .1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 6 ( ) 309.2 .2 .1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 6 ( ) 332.1 .2 .2 6.1 NA (1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 6 ( ) 321.2 .5 .4 7.7 (s) (1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 6 ( ) 281.1 .7 .6 9.3 (s) (1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 6 ( ) 290.8 .5 .7 10.3 (s) (1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 6 ( ) 249.7 .8 .7 10.8 (s) (1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 6 ( ) 222.9 .9 .7 10.3 (s) (198911 1,562.4 159.0 297.3 .5 2,019.1 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 .3 21990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 .6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 .4 21991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 .7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 .5 31992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 .4 21993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 .5 31994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 .5 31995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 .5 31996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 .5 31997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 .5 31998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 .5 31999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 .5 42000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 .5 52001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 .6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 12.9 13.7 .5 62002 1,910.6 89.7 607.7 2.0 2,610.0 780.1 -8.7 260.5 9.0 13.1 14.5 .6 102003 1,952.7 113.7 567.3 2.6 2,636.4 763.7 -8.5 271.5 9.5 13.8 14.4 .5 112004 1,957.2 114.7 627.2 3.6 2,702.6 788.5 -8.5 265.1 9.7 13.1 14.8 .6 142005 1,992.1 116.5 683.8 3.8 2,796.1 782.0 -6.6 267.0 10.6 13.0 14.7 .6 172006 1,969.7 59.7 734.4 4.3 2,768.1 787.2 -6.6 286.3 10.3 13.9 14.6 .5 262007 1,998.4 61.3 814.8 4.0 2,878.5 806.4 -6.9 245.8 10.7 14.3 14.6 .6 342008 R1,968.8 R42.9 R802.4 3.2 R2,817.3 806.2 R-6.3 R253.1 R10.6 R15.4 R15.0 R.9 R552009P 1,749.6 35.8 840.9 3.1 2,629.5 798.7 -4.3 270.2 10.6 15.8 15.2 .8 70

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-o

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is the public. • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CH"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information AdmPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratoForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 anOperations Report."
232 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009

 (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 9 Wind 

7 Waste 8

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 – 1,979.3 529.4 6 ( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 21990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 .4 21991 1,551.9 112.2 267.8 (s) 1,931.9 612.6 -4.5 286.0 6.0 12.2 16.0 .5 31992 1,577.1 90.1 270.9 (s) 1,938.0 618.8 -4.2 250.0 6.6 14.4 16.1 .4 21993 1,642.1 100.6 267.2 (s) 2,009.9 610.3 -4.0 277.5 7.2 14.9 16.8 .5 31994 1,639.9 92.1 299.7 (s) 2,031.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 7.6 15.4 15.5 .5 31995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 .5 31996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 .5 31997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 .5 31998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 .1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 .5 31999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 .5 42000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 .2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 .5 52001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 11.3 13.7 .5 62002 1,881.2 83.3 456.8 .2 2,421.5 780.1 -8.7 260.5 7.3 11.2 14.5 .6 102003 1,915.8 108.5 421.2 .3 2,445.7 763.7 -8.5 271.5 7.4 11.9 14.4 .5 112004 1,921.1 109.4 491.2 .4 2,522.0 788.5 -8.5 265.1 8.1 11.8 14.8 .6 142005 1,955.5 111.2 553.2 (s) 2,619.9 782.0 -6.6 267.0 8.5 11.7 14.7 .6 172006 1,933.7 55.2 618.0 (s) 2,607.0 787.2 -6.6 286.2 8.3 12.5 14.6 .5 262007 1,962.0 56.9 686.3 .1 2,705.3 806.4 -6.9 245.8 8.7 12.9 14.6 .6 342008 R1,932.0 R39.3 R683.3 (s) R2,654.6 806.2 R-6.3 R253.1 R8.6 R14.0 R15.0 R.9 R552009P 1,718.8 31.8 721.8 .1 2,472.4 798.7 -4.3 270.2 8.3 14.3 15.2 .8 70

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 – – – 1.3 0.9 – – – 1990 11.9 1.3 44.8 .6 58.7 – – – 1.4 1.1 – – – 1991 16.9 .6 50.0 .7 68.2 – – – 1.7 1.6 – – – 1992 20.7 2.2 63.4 1.2 87.4 – – – 1.9 1.5 – – – 1993 23.4 4.8 75.0 1.0 104.2 – – – 2.0 1.4 – – – 1994 26.4 6.6 86.0 1.1 120.1 – – – 1.6 1.6 – – – 1995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 1996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 – – – 1.9 1.7 – – – 1997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 – – – 2.2 2.1 – – – 1998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 – – – 2.0 2.3 – – – 1999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 – – – 1.7 2.4 – – – 2000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 – – – 1.6 2.7 – – – 2001 31.0 6.0 128.0 .6 165.5 – – – 1.7 1.7 – – – 2002 29.4 6.5 150.9 1.7 188.5 – – – 1.7 2.0 – – – 2003 36.9 5.2 146.1 2.4 190.6 – – – 2.1 1.9 – – – 2004 36.1 5.3 136.0 3.2 180.6 – – – 1.6 1.3 – – – 2005 36.5 5.3 130.7 3.8 176.2 – – (s) 2.1 1.3 – – – 2006 36.0 4.5 116.4 4.2 161.1 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 2007 36.4 4.4 128.4 3.9 173.2 – – (s) 2.0 1.4 – – – 2008 R36.9 R3.6 R119.0 3.2 R162.7 – – (s) R2.0 1.4 – – – 2009P 30.8 4.0 119.2 3.0 157.0 – – (s) 2.2 1.4 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 8 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 9 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to the

public. Data also include a small number of electric utility comb

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include eleunder "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less Notes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CH

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification oend of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administ

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power PEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PowEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothemal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.5 – – – 1990 .8 .6 3.3 .1 4.8 – – .1 .1 .8 – – – 1991 .8 .4 3.2 .1 4.5 – – .1 .1 .9 – – – 1992 .7 .3 3.9 .1 5.0 – – .1 .1 1.0 – – – 1993 .9 .3 4.5 .1 5.8 – – .1 .1 1.0 – – – 1994 .8 .4 4.9 .1 6.3 – – .1 .1 1.2 – – – 1995 1.0 .4 5.2 – 6.5 – – .1 .1 1.5 – – – 1996 1.1 .4 5.2 (s) 6.7 – – .1 .1 2.2 – – – 1997 1.0 .4 4.7 (s) 6.2 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 1998 1.0 .4 4.9 (s) 6.3 – – .1 (s) 2.3 – – – 1999 1.0 .4 4.6 (s) 6.0 – – .1 (s) 2.4 – – – 2000 1.1 .4 4.3 (s) 5.8 – – .1 (s) 2.0 – – – 2001 1.0 .4 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.0 – – – 2002 1.0 .4 4.3 (s) 5.7 – – (s) (s) 1.1 – – – 2003 1.2 .4 3.9 – 5.5 – – .1 (s) 1.3 – – – 2004 1.3 .5 4.0 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2005 1.4 .4 4.2 – 6.0 – – .1 (s) 1.7 – – – 2006 1.3 .2 4.4 (s) 5.9 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2007 1.4 .2 4.3 – 5.8 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – – – 2008 R1.3 .1 R4.2 – R5.6 – – .1 (s) R1.5 – R (s) – 2009P 1.0 .1 4.0 – 5.2 – – .1 (s) 1.6 – (s) – 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 20.7 4.8 53.2 7.3 85.9 – – 2.7 21.6 0.9 – – – 1990 21.1 7.0 60.0 9.6 97.8 – – 3.0 25.4 .9 – – – 1991 21.0 6.5 60.6 10.5 98.6 – – 2.8 25.9 .9 – – – 1992 22.7 7.6 65.9 12.0 108.2 – – 2.9 27.9 .9 – – – 1993 23.7 7.0 68.2 11.9 110.9 – – 2.9 28.4 1.1 – – – 1994 23.6 6.8 69.6 12.1 112.1 – – 6.0 28.7 1.0 – – – 1995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 – – 5.3 28.9 .9 – – – 1996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 – – 5.9 28.4 .9 – – – 1997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 – – 5.7 28.2 .9 – – – 1998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 – – 5.3 27.7 .9 – – – 1999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 – – 4.8 28.1 .7 – – – 2000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 – – 4.1 28.7 .8 – – – 2001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 – – 3.1 26.9 .6 – – – 2002 21.5 4.4 79.0 9.5 114.4 – – 3.8 29.6 .8 – – – 2003 19.8 5.3 78.7 13.0 116.8 – – 4.2 28.0 .7 – – – 2004 19.8 6.0 79.0 11.7 116.4 – – 3.2 28.4 .8 – – – 2005 19.5 5.4 72.9 9.7 107.4 – – 3.2 28.3 .7 – – – 2006 19.5 4.2 77.7 9.9 111.3 – – 2.9 28.4 .6 – – – 2007 16.7 4.2 77.6 9.4 107.9 – – 1.6 28.3 .6 – – – 2008 R15.7 R3.2 R76.4 R8.5 R103.9 – – R1.7 R26.6 R.8 – – – 2009P 13.8 2.9 75.4 7.6 99.7 – – 1.9 25.7 .8 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and comme11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less Notes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power secto

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classificatioat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PowEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Co• 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operation
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2009By Sector, 1989-2009 By Sector, 2009234 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased 

technologies, and non-renewable waste (municipal solid wastire-derived fuels).

Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.

538

516

274

96

Wood Natural Coal Other Pe

0

100200300400500600

Trillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Gases1

1.2

0.3

Industrial Electric Power 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Gas

Commercial

Electric Power

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989

 (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 1990 363 127 538 141 1,168 651 36 687 1991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 1992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 1993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 1994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 1995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 1996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 1997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 1998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 1999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 2000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 2001 354 90 741 133 1,318 557 28 585 2002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 26 572 2003 333 85 610 110 1,139 597 35 632 2004 352 97 654 126 1,230 637 30 667 2005 342 92 624 138 1,197 628 36 665 2006 333 78 603 126 1,140 653 37 690 2007 327 76 554 116 1,074 616 35 651 2008 R315 R48 R509 R111 R983 R572 R38 R610 2009P 274 44 516 96 930 538 38 576 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste 

fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
236 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

1989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 1991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 1993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 1996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 1997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 1999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 2000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001 52 6 164 5 226 8 4 13 2002 40 4 214 6 264 8 5 13 2003 38 7 200 9 255 9 11 20 2004 39 8 239 18 305 9 9 17 2005 40 8 239 37 323 10 8 18 2006 38 7 207 23 275 10 7 17 2007 38 7 213 20 279 11 8 19 2008 R37 R7 R204 22 R270 R9 8 R17 2009P 33 7 202 20 262 9 9 19 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) pl

primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public. Dat• See Table 8.3c for commercial and industrial CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 anOperations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industr

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total

Biomass

Wood Total 5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 8

1989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 1990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 1991 16 4 21 (s) 41 (s) 9 9 1992 15 4 24 (s) 44 (s) 13 14 1993 18 4 23 (s) 45 (s) 14 14 1994 18 4 26 (s) 48 (s) 14 14 1995 17 3 29 – 48 (s) 15 15 1996 20 3 33 (s) 55 1 17 18 1997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 1998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 1999 20 3 37 (s) 61 1 17 17 2000 21 4 39 (s) 64 1 17 18 2001 18 4 35 – 58 1 8 8 2002 18 3 36 – 57 1 6 7 2003 23 3 17 – 42 1 8 8 2004 22 4 22 – 49 (s) 8 9 2005 23 4 20 – 47 (s) 8 9 2006 22 2 19 – 44 (s) 9 9 2007 23 2 20 – 44 1 6 7 2008 R23 R2 R20 – R45 (s) R9 R9 2009P 20 2 19 – 41 (s) 8 9 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 1990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 1991 315 103 444 144 1,005 606 19 625 1992 324 107 466 155 1,052 641 19 660 1993 325 117 475 139 1,055 652 23 675 1994 333 119 501 138 1,092 707 21 729 1995 329 105 540 140 1,114 706 20 726 1996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 1997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 1998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 1999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 2000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 2001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 16 564 2002 278 66 458 112 914 537 15 552 2003 272 75 393 101 842 588 16 604 2004 290 85 393 108 876 628 13 641 2005 280 81 364 102 827 618 20 638 2006 272 69 377 103 821 642 21 663 2007 266 67 322 96 751 605 21 625 2008 R255 R39 R285 R89 R668 R563 R21 R584 2009P 221 35 295 76 627 528 20 549 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP dat

Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ener"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 anOperations Report."
Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation

Total and Major Fuel Categories, 1949-2009 By Major Fuel, 2009By Major Fuel, 1949-2009 By Sector, 1989-2009238 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Conventional hydroelectric power.2 Waste, other gases, electricity net imports, solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, batteries,

chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and nonrenewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of 

Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

18.3

8.3

7.3

2.7

0.7 0

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Wind Pe

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Total Energy

Electric

Power

Gas Electric

Power1

le

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 200

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power 

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy Co

Industrial3
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Select

 (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,363 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,608 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,610 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,059 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,066 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,634 1 2 11 NA NA 2,649 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 2,824 1 2 12 NA NA 2,839 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 2,864 1 2 31 NA NA 2,899 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 2,861 1 2 43 NA NA 2,907 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 3,177 1 2 53 NA NA 3,232 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,155 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,227 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,976 1 2 78 NA NA 3,057 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,333 3 2 77 NA NA 2,416 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,937 2 1 64 NA NA 3,005 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,931 3 2 84 NA NA 3,020 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,900 3 2 110 NA NA 3,014 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,758 3 1 123 NA NA 2,885 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,266 2 1 105 NA NA 3,374 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,527 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,661 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,386 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,560 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,970 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,183 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,071 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,303 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,635 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,879 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,334 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,569 1989 1116,359 111,756 113,582 90 1121,788 115,602 122,837 11345 11151 11308 113 1122 113,665 1990 16,477 1,366 3,791 112 21,746 6,104 3,046 442 211 326 4 29 4,058 1991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 3,016 425 247 335 5 31 4,058 1992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 2,617 481 283 338 4 30 3,752 1993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 2,892 485 288 351 5 31 4,052 1994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 2,683 498 301 325 5 36 3,848 1995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 3,205 480 316 280 5 33 4,318 1996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 3,590 513 324 300 5 33 4,765 1997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 3,640 484 339 309 5 34 4,811 1998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 3,297 475 332 311 5 31 4,450 1999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 3,268 490 332 312 5 46 4,452 2000 20,411 1,212 5,818 126 27,567 7,862 2,811 496 330 296 5 57 3,995 2001 19,789 1,347 6,001 97 27,235 R8,029 2,242 486 228 289 6 70 3,320 2002 19,997 1,014 6,250 131 27,392 R8,145 2,689 605 257 305 6 105 3,967 2003 20,367 1,266 5,736 156 27,525 7,959 2,825 519 249 303 5 115 4,016 2004 20,376 1,248 5,827 135 27,586 8,222 2,690 344 230 311 6 142 3,723 2005 20,802 1,269 6,212 110 28,393 R8,161 2,703 355 230 309 6 178 3,781 2006 20,527 668 6,644 115 27,954 R8,215 2,869 350 241 306 5 264 4,035 2007 20,842 683 7,288 115 28,927 R8,455 2,446 353 245 308 6 341 3,699 2008 R20,549 R485 R7,087 R97 R28,218 R8,427 R2,511 R339 R267 R314 R9 R546 R3,985 2009P 18,325 404 7,285 86 26,101 8,349 2,682 318 259 320 8 697 4,283 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end ofsection.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industria

electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plant

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utili• This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelewas made because most of the electricity used to pump water inby plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associatedata columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sec

sector. • 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
240 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, 

 Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal 5 Solar/PV 5,8 Wind Wood 5 Total 6 Waste 7

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,571 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,033 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 2,615 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 2,806 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 2,864 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 2,873 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 3,199 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,194 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 3,024 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 2,383 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 2,973 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 2,986 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 2,982 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 2,852 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 3,341 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,627 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,527 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,150 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,270 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,846 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,536 1989 1116,121 111,697 113,107 7 1120,932 115,602 112,808 1175 11126 11308 113 1122 113,342 1990 16,235 1,281 3,233 6 20,755 6,104 3,014 106 180 326 4 29 3,658 1991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 2,985 104 217 335 5 31 3,677 1992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 2,586 120 252 338 4 30 3,329 1993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 2,861 129 255 351 5 31 3,632 1994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 2,620 134 269 325 5 36 3,389 1995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 3,149 106 282 280 5 33 3,855 1996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 3,528 117 280 300 5 33 4,264 1997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 3,581 117 292 309 5 34 4,337 1998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 3,241 125 287 311 5 31 4,000 1999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 3,218 125 290 312 5 46 3,996 2000 20,153 1,145 5,120 19 26,438 7,862 2,768 126 294 296 5 57 3,547 2001 19,549 1,280 5,290 9 26,128 R8,029 2,209 116 205 289 6 70 2,894 2002 19,733 955 5,522 25 26,235 R8,145 2,650 141 224 305 6 105 3,430 2003 20,137 1,199 5,009 30 26,374 7,959 2,781 156 216 303 5 115 3,576 2004 20,217 1,202 5,209 27 26,655 8,222 2,656 150 206 311 6 142 3,471 2005 20,649 1,227 5,643 24 27,543 R8,161 2,670 166 205 309 6 178 3,534 2006 20,377 635 6,055 28 27,095 R8,215 2,839 163 216 306 5 264 3,794 2007 20,723 651 6,681 27 28,083 R8,455 2,430 165 221 308 6 341 3,470 2008 R20,431 R463 R6,516 R23 R27,434 R8,427 R2,494 R159 R242 R314 R9 R546 R3,764 2009P 18,223 384 6,726 22 25,355 8,349 2,663 153 234 320 8 697 4,075 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 10 Net imports equal imports minus exports. See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of section.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and comthe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell elect• See Table 8.4c for commercial and industrial CHP and eleshows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plaof the electricity used to pump water into elevated storage repumped-storage plants; thus, the associated energy is already table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric Power," "Coal," "N"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All 

8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Inform"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Ann• 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant RepGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, F• 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and FPlant Report." • 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power P
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial 

 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 5,8 Wind Total 6 Waste 7

Commercial Sector 10

1989 9 7 18 1 36 – 1 2 9 – – – 12 1990 9 6 28 1 45 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 1991 9 3 28 1 41 – 1 2 15 – – – 18 1992 8 3 33 1 45 – 1 1 16 – – – 19 1993 9 4 38 1 53 – 1 1 16 – – – 18 1994 9 4 42 1 56 – 1 1 17 – – – 19 1995 12 4 44 – 60 – 1 1 21 – – – 23 1996 14 4 44 (s) 62 – 1 1 31 – – – 33 1997 14 5 40 (s) 59 – 1 1 34 – – – 35 1998 11 5 42 (s) 57 – 1 1 32 – – – 34 1999 12 6 40 (s) 57 – 1 (s) 33 – – – 35 2000 12 5 38 (s) 55 – 1 (s) 26 – – – 28 2001 13 6 37 (s) 56 – 1 (s) 15 – – – 16 2002 9 4 31 (s) 44 – (s) (s) 18 – – – 19 2003 13 5 39 – 58 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 2004 8 5 34 – 46 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 21 2005 8 4 35 – 46 – 1 (s) 20 – – – 21 2006 8 2 35 – 45 – 1 (s) 21 – – – 22 2007 8 2 35 – 44 – 1 (s) 19 – – – 20 2008 8 1 R34 – R43 – 1 (s) 20 – R (s) – 21 2009P 7 1 33 – 41 – 1 (s) 20 – (s) – 21 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 229 52 456 83 820 – 28 267 15 – – – 311 1990 233 79 530 104 946 – 31 335 16 – – – 382 1991 228 74 537 118 957 – 30 318 14 – – – 362 1992 246 84 559 128 1,017 – 31 359 15 – – – 405 1993 256 77 562 123 1,019 – 30 355 17 – – – 401 1994 261 75 584 123 1,043 – 62 364 14 – – – 440 1995 259 66 617 114 1,057 – 55 373 13 – – – 440 1996 261 74 626 143 1,104 – 61 394 13 – – – 468 1997 260 63 637 105 1,064 – 58 367 14 – – – 439 1998 245 67 643 102 1,056 – 55 349 13 – – – 417 1999 242 68 660 112 1,081 – 49 364 8 – – – 422 2000 245 61 660 107 1,074 – 42 369 10 – – – 421 2001 227 62 674 88 1,051 – 33 370 7 – – – 410 2002 255 55 697 106 1,113 – 39 464 15 – – – 518 2003 217 61 687 127 1,093 – 43 362 13 – – – 419 2004 151 42 585 108 885 – 33 194 5 – – – 231 2005 145 39 534 85 804 – 32 189 5 – – – 226 2006 143 31 554 87 814 – 29 187 3 – – – 219 2007 111 30 572 88 800 – 16 188 4 – – – 208 2008 R109 R21 R537 R73 R740 – R17 R179 R5– – – R200 2009P 96 20 526 64 706 – 18 164 4 – – – 187 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Values are converted from kilowattthours to Btu using the approximate heat rates in Table A6. 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercia11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial elec

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. – = No data rNotes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricit

sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverag"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ocomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fueleSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power PEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Comb• 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations R
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation (All Sectors), 1989-2009

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste242 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Residual

 Fuel Oil

Total Petroleum

Source: Table 8.5a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

Waste

Wood

1989 1992 1995 1998 200

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2009

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

6.6

0.5

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet

—CHP1

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants.

2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons.(ss)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.(sss)=Less than 0.5 million barrels.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.

ElectricityOnly

Plants

933

5 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Short Tons

(s)

ElectricityOnly

Plants

CHP1

—CHP1

64

3 0

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

20406080

Million Barrels

387

168

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

100200300400500

Trillion Btu Electricity- Only Plants Electricity- Only

Plants

CHP1

(sss)
244 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Se

 (Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 781,672 27,733 249,614 303 667 280,986 3,485,429 90 1990 792,457 18,143 190,652 437 1,914 218,800 3,691,563 112 1991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 1992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 1993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 1994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 1995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 1996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 1997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 1998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 1999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 2000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 2001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832,305 97 2002 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126,062 131 2003 1,014,058 29,672 142,518 2,947 6,303 206,653 5,616,135 156 2004 1,020,523 20,163 142,088 2,856 7,677 203,494 5,674,580 135 2005 1,041,448 20,651 141,518 2,968 8,330 206,785 6,036,370 110 2006 1,030,556 13,174 58,473 2,174 7,363 110,634 6,461,615 115 2007 1,046,795 15,683 63,833 2,917 6,036 112,615 7,089,342 115 2008 R1,042,335 R12,832 R38,191 R2,822 R5,417 R80,932 R6,895,843 R97 2009P 938,059 12,523 28,426 2,723 4,855 67,948 7,104,600 86 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fuels).

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginn

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electrici

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,

 Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 W

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 1990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 1991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 1992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 1993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 1994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 1995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 1996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 1997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 1998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 1999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 2000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 2001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 2002 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408,279 25 2003 1,003,036 27,441 137,361 1,937 5,719 195,336 4,909,248 30 2004 1,012,459 18,793 138,831 2,511 7,135 195,809 5,075,339 27 2005 1,033,567 19,450 138,337 2,591 7,877 199,760 5,484,780 24 2006 1,022,802 12,578 56,347 1,783 6,905 105,235 5,891,222 28 2007 1,041,346 15,135 62,072 2,496 5,523 107,316 6,501,612 27 2008 R1,036,891 R12,318 R37,222 R2,608 R5,000 R77,149 R6,342,331 R23 2009P 933,197 11,791 27,723 2,525 4,471 64,393 6,561,483 22 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility c• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combithe NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electric• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricitElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plansection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepe

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commiss

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CoPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information AdminPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "MEIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-20Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator RForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 and Operations Report."
246 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 

 1989-2009 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 – 1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 1991 773,183 13,822 171,157 51 974 189,898 2,822,159 (s) 1992 781,186 11,998 135,779 48 1,320 154,428 2,828,996 (s) 1993 816,558 13,460 149,287 11 1,553 170,521 2,755,093 (s) 1994 821,209 16,693 134,666 52 1,193 157,375 3,064,561 (s) 1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 2002 960,077 21,521 102,622 444 3,925 144,212 4,258,467 6 2003 983,538 25,951 136,050 936 4,794 186,904 3,780,314 6 2004 994,774 17,944 137,736 1,441 6,096 187,601 4,141,535 5 2005 1,015,640 18,689 137,082 1,676 6,876 191,827 4,592,271 (s) 2006 1,004,769 12,375 55,192 991 5,988 98,497 5,091,049 (s) 2007 1,022,840 14,626 60,929 1,709 4,711 100,818 5,611,600 2 2008 R1,017,806 R11,950 R36,059 R2,478 R4,254 R71,760 R5,520,491 R2 2009P 917,444 11,427 26,524 2,332 3,619 58,375 5,746,363 2 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 4,173 462 747 6 – 1,215 232,946 7 1990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 – 3,499 353,179 6 1991 9,470 433 473 7 – 912 393,898 6 1992 12,204 471 1,902 69 170 3,291 495,967 12 1993 13,293 1,098 2,120 202 1,018 8,513 589,147 12 1994 14,904 3,548 2,531 615 1,063 12,011 693,923 12 1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 1996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 1997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 1998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 1999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 2000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 2001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 2002 15,174 289 1,955 800 1,780 11,942 1,149,812 20 2003 19,498 1,491 1,311 1,002 926 8,431 1,128,935 23 2004 17,685 850 1,095 1,070 1,039 8,209 933,804 22 2005 17,927 760 1,254 915 1,001 7,933 892,509 24 2006 18,033 203 1,155 792 918 6,738 800,173 27 2007 18,506 509 1,144 787 812 6,498 890,012 25 2008 R19,085 R368 R1,162 130 R746 R5,389 R821,839 R22 2009P 15,752 364 1,199 193 852 6,018 815,120 20 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels). 11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elecunder "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electriElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plsection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Indus

 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 414 882 282 – – 1,165 17,987 1 1990 417 580 372 (s) – 953 27,544 1 1991 403 430 146 (s) – 576 26,806 1 1992 371 289 137 (s) 1 429 32,674 1 1993 404 384 279 4 1 672 37,435 1 1994 404 481 209 – 1 694 40,828 1 1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 – 1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 (s) 1997 630 583 200 – 1 790 38,975 (s) 1998 440 436 359 – 1 802 40,693 (s) 1999 481 506 421 – 1 931 39,045 (s) 2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 (s) 2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 (s) 2002 477 524 292 10 2 834 32,545 (s) 2003 582 553 326 3 2 894 38,480 – 2004 377 545 214 1 1 766 32,839 – 2005 377 377 201 1 1 585 33,785 – 2006 347 211 116 (s) 1 333 34,623 – 2007 361 156 94 – 2 258 34,087 – 2008 R369 R131 R29 (s) 1 R166 R33,403 – 2009P 313 145 21 (s) 1 171 32,092 – 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 9,707 815 6,624 294 150 8,482 443,928 83 1990 10,740 1,169 6,995 412 905 13,103 516,729 104 1991 10,610 1,879 6,004 322 815 12,283 521,916 118 1992 11,379 1,735 6,650 642 1,013 14,093 542,081 128 1993 11,898 1,902 7,373 498 597 12,755 546,978 123 1994 12,279 1,644 7,818 263 762 13,537 567,836 123 1995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 1996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 1997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 1998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 1999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 2000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 2001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 653,565 88 2002 11,855 952 4,366 640 1,130 11,608 685,239 106 2003 10,440 1,678 4,831 1,006 582 10,424 668,407 127 2004 7,687 825 3,043 344 541 6,919 566,401 108 2005 7,504 824 2,980 377 452 6,440 517,805 85 2006 7,408 385 2,010 391 456 5,066 535,770 87 2007 5,089 392 1,666 421 512 5,041 553,643 88 2008 R5,075 R383 R941 R214 R416 R3,617 R520,109 R73 2009P 4,549 587 682 198 383 3,383 511,025 64 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commer12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity

power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Co"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations 
Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2009

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste248 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Sources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.

Electric Power

Industrial

1989 1992 1995 1998 200

0

200400600800

Billion Cubic Feet

Industrial

Commercial Commercial

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

05

101520

Million Short Tons

Electric Power

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

Industrial

Electric Power and Commerci

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 200

0

300600900

1,200

Trillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 (Sum of Tables 8.6b 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 16,510 1,410 16,357 353 247 19,357 563,307 116 1990 19,081 2,050 18,428 895 918 25,965 654,749 176 1991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 1992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 1993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 1994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 1995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 1996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 1997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 1998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 1999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 2000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 2001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 2002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 2003 17,720 2,153 10,341 1,629 763 17,939 721,267 138 2004 24,275 3,357 15,390 1,908 1,043 25,870 1,052,100 218 2005 23,833 3,795 15,397 1,302 783 24,408 984,340 238 2006 23,227 1,481 11,373 1,222 1,259 20,371 942,817 226 2007 22,810 1,359 10,783 1,320 1,262 19,775 872,579 214 2008 R22,168 R1,305 R5,285 R943 R897 R12,016 R793,537 R203 2009P 19,927 1,636 4,379 668 938 11,371 810,045 171 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • Estimates do not includ(CHP) plants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics,Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
250 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 639 120 1,471 1 – 1,591 81,670 3 1990 1,266 173 1,630 2 – 1,805 97,330 5 1991 1,221 104 995 1 – 1,101 99,868 5 1992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 1993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 1994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 1995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 2001 2,910 219 355 3 119 1,171 199,808 6 2002 2,255 66 197 23 111 841 263,619 7 2003 2,080 190 919 88 80 1,596 225,967 12 2004 3,809 314 985 202 237 2,688 388,424 31 2005 3,918 225 1,072 95 206 2,424 384,365 60 2006 3,834 69 998 87 195 2,129 330,878 37 2007 3,795 192 1,014 98 162 2,114 339,796 34 2008 R3,689 R230 R1,019 R62 R119 R1,907 R326,048 R38 2009P 3,339 324 1,015 97 131 2,090 326,424 34 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • Estimates are for combineNAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity include electric utility CHP plants. • See Table 8.6c for comme1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification at end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary.• due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 anOperations Report."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009 

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 711 202 601 – – 803 12,049 (s) 1990 773 389 715 (s) – 1,104 18,913 (s) 1991 826 356 405 (s) – 761 25,295 (s) 1992 804 259 538 (s) 2 807 29,672 (s) 1993 968 272 548 2 4 843 27,738 (s) 1994 940 534 379 – 4 931 31,457 (s) 1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 – 1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075 (s) 1997 1,108 470 309 – 3 794 47,941 (s) 1998 1,002 418 573 – 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1999 1,009 254 412 – 3 682 44,991 (s) 2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844 (s) 2001 916 505 304 – – 809 42,407 – 2002 929 248 108 28 6 416 41,430 – 2003 1,234 119 381 12 9 555 19,973 – 2004 1,540 570 613 20 8 1,243 39,233 – 2005 1,544 417 587 (s) 8 1,045 34,172 – 2006 1,539 155 404 – 9 601 33,112 (s) 2007 1,566 101 340 – 11 494 35,987 – 2008 R1,652 R287 R173 R – 9 R504 R32,813 – 2009P 1,477 290 118 – 8 446 31,036 – 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 15,160 1,088 14,285 352 247 16,963 469,588 113 1990 17,041 1,488 16,084 893 918 23,056 538,506 171 1991 16,412 2,567 13,893 834 777 21,177 538,800 180 1992 16,864 1,945 14,891 925 856 22,041 565,279 194 1993 16,988 1,887 16,311 829 987 23,960 577,103 174 1994 17,428 1,906 17,419 505 1,075 25,207 608,496 173 1995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 656,665 175 1996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 1997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 659,021 178 1998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 1999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 2000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 2001 15,119 1,850 11,167 560 542 16,287 656,071 160 2002 14,377 1,149 9,097 1,312 399 13,555 554,970 139 2003 14,406 1,844 9,041 1,529 675 15,788 475,327 126 2004 18,926 2,473 13,791 1,686 798 21,939 624,443 187 2005 18,371 3,153 13,738 1,207 568 20,940 565,803 179 2006 17,854 1,258 9,971 1,136 1,055 17,640 578,828 190 2007 17,449 1,066 9,429 1,222 1,090 17,166 496,796 180 2008 R16,827 R788 R4,093 R882 R769 R9,605 R434,676 R165 2009P 15,111 1,022 3,246 571 799 8,836 452,586 137 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electric "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 anOperations Report."
Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Therma

1989-2009

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste252 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Total

Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short TonsTotal

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet Electricity Generation

Useful Thermal Out

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Total

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output

Electricity

Generation

Useful Thermal Output
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2009 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 798,181 29,143 265,970 656 915 300,342 4,048,736 206 1990 811,538 20,194 209,081 1,332 2,832 244,765 4,346,311 288 1991 812,124 19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 4,617,578 341 1993 861,904 19,293 176,992 1,571 4,200 218,855 4,662,236 314 1994 869,405 25,177 164,047 1,539 4,157 211,547 5,151,163 316 1995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572,253 313 1996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433,338 307 1998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 2000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 2001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 2002 1,005,144 24,748 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,408 6,986,081 278 2003 1,031,778 31,825 152,859 4,576 7,067 224,593 6,337,402 294 2004 1,044,798 23,520 157,478 4,764 8,721 229,364 6,726,679 353 2005 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 7,020,709 348 2006 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 7,404,432 341 2007 1,069,606 17,042 74,616 4,237 7,299 132,389 7,961,922 329 2008 R1,064,503 R14,137 R43,477 R3,765 R6,314 R92,948 R7,689,380 R300 2009P 957,986 14,158 32,805 3,390 5,793 79,318 7,914,645 257 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewa

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, 

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," a

Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
254 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Ou

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 1990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 1992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 1993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 1994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 1995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 1996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 1997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 1998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 1999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 2000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 2001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 2002 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,995 5,671,897 33 2003 1,005,116 27,632 138,279 2,026 5,799 196,932 5,135,215 41 2004 1,016,268 19,107 139,816 2,713 7,372 198,498 5,463,763 58 2005 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869,145 84 2006 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222,100 65 2007 1,045,141 15,327 63,086 2,594 5,685 109,431 6,841,408 61 2008 R1,040,580 R12,547 R38,241 R2,670 R5,119 R79,056 R6,668,379 R61 2009P 936,536 12,115 28,738 2,622 4,602 66,483 6,887,907 56 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,

beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-o

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is the public. • See Table 8.7c for commercial and industrial CH"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 1,125 1,085 883 – – 1,967 30,037 1 1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) – 2,056 46,458 1 1991 1,228 786 551 (s) – 1,337 52,101 1 1992 1,175 548 675 (s) 2 1,235 62,346 1 1993 1,373 656 828 6 5 1,515 65,173 1 1994 1,344 1,015 588 – 4 1,625 72,285 1 1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 – 1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 (s) 1997 1,738 1,053 509 – 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 1998 1,443 854 932 – 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 1999 1,490 759 834 – 4 1,613 84,037 (s) 2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 (s) 2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 (s) 2002 1,405 771 400 38 8 1,250 73,975 (s) 2003 1,816 671 708 16 11 1,449 58,453 – 2004 1,917 1,115 827 21 9 2,009 72,072 – 2005 1,922 794 789 1 9 1,630 67,957 – 2006 1,886 366 520 (s) 10 935 67,735 (s) 2007 1,927 257 434 – 12 752 70,074 – 2008 R2,021 R418 R202 (s) 10 R671 R66,216 – 2009P 1,790 434 139 (s) 9 617 63,128 – 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 24,867 1,903 20,909 646 397 25,444 913,516 195 1990 27,781 2,657 23,079 1,305 1,824 36,159 1,055,235 275 1991 27,021 4,446 19,897 1,156 1,592 33,460 1,060,716 298 1992 28,244 3,680 21,540 1,567 1,870 36,135 1,107,361 322 1993 28,886 3,788 23,684 1,326 1,583 36,715 1,124,081 297 1994 29,707 3,550 25,238 768 1,838 38,744 1,176,332 296 1995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 1,258,063 290 1996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 1,281,620 283 1998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 2000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 2001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 2002 26,232 2,101 13,463 1,953 1,529 25,163 1,240,209 245 2003 24,846 3,522 13,872 2,535 1,257 26,212 1,143,734 253 2004 26,613 3,298 16,835 2,030 1,339 28,857 1,190,844 295 2005 25,875 3,977 16,718 1,583 1,020 27,380 1,083,607 264 2006 25,262 1,643 11,981 1,526 1,511 22,706 1,114,597 277 2007 22,537 1,458 11,096 1,643 1,602 22,207 1,050,439 268 2008 R21,902 R1,171 R5,034 R1,095 R1,184 R13,222 R954,785 R239 2009P 19,660 1,609 3,928 768 1,183 12,219 963,611 201 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 9 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and,beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derivedfuels).

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commer12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • See Table 8.7b for electric power sector electri

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoweEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Com• 2008 and 2009—EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations 
Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal, 1949-2009 Coal and Petroleum, 1973-2009Petroleum, 1949-2009 Petroleum Products, 2009256 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short

ton.

4Jet fuel and kerosene.

Note: Stocks are at end of year. Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Petroleum

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150

Million Barrels

19

18

Residual Distillate Pe

05

101520

Million Barrels

Fuel Oil 

2 Fuel Oil1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Ton

1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 1971 77,778 NA NA NA 291 1972 99,722 NA NA NA 287 1973 86,967 10,095 79,121 NA 312 1974 83,509 15,199 97,718 NA 35 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 19997 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 2000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 2001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 2002 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 2003 121,567 19,153 25,820 779 1,484 2004 106,669 19,275 26,596 879 937 2005 101,137 18,778 27,624 1,012 530 2006 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 2007 151,221 18,395 24,136 1,902 554 2008 R161,589 R17,761 R21,088 R1,955 R739 2009P 189,971 17,804 18,846 2,049 1,395 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks

of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil; beginning in 1970, also includes petroleum coke; and beginning

in 2002, also includes other liquids. 7 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note 1, "C

2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at eof components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—U.S. Energy Information AdmPower Plant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratoForm EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007—EIA, Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 anOperations Report."
Figure 8.9 Electricity End Use

Overview, 1989-2009 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2009Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2009258 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Retail Sales1

Total End Use

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

2 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial

process located within the same facility or group of facilities ment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

Source: Table 8.9.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

1.36 1.32

Residential Commercial Ind

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Direct Use2

Commercia

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use 6 Total End Use7

Disconti

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation 4 Total Retail Sales 5 Commercial 

1949 67 E59 123 E6 255 NA 255 45 1950 72 E66 146 E7 291 NA 291 51 1955 128 E103 260 E6 497 NA 497 79 1960 201 E159 324 E3 688 NA 688 131 1965 291 E231 429 E3 954 NA 954 200 1970 466 E352 571 E3 1,392 NA 1,392 307 1971 500 E377 589 E3 1,470 NA 1,470 329 1972 539 E413 641 E3 1,595 NA 1,595 359 1973 579 E445 686 E3 1,713 NA 1,713 388 1974 578 E440 685 E3 1,706 NA 1,706 385 1975 588 E468 688 E3 1,747 NA 1,747 403 1976 606 E492 754 E3 1,855 NA 1,855 425 1977 645 E514 786 E3 1,948 NA 1,948 447 1978 674 E531 809 E3 2,018 NA 2,018 461 1979 683 543 842 3 2,071 NA 2,071 473 1980 717 559 815 3 2,094 NA 2,094 488 1981 722 596 826 3 2,147 NA 2,147 514 1982 730 609 745 3 2,086 NA 2,086 526 1983 751 620 776 4 2,151 NA 2,151 544 1984 780 664 838 4 2,286 NA 2,286 583 1985 794 689 837 4 2,324 NA 2,324 606 1986 819 715 831 4 2,369 NA 2,369 631 1987 850 744 858 5 2,457 NA 2,457 660 1988 893 784 896 5 2,578 NA 2,578 699 1989 906 811 926 5 2,647 109 2,756 726 1990 924 838 946 5 2,713 125 2,837 751 1991 955 855 947 5 2,762 124 2,886 766 1992 936 850 973 5 2,763 134 2,897 761 1993 995 885 977 5 2,861 139 3,001 795 1994 1,008 913 1,008 5 2,935 146 3,081 820 1995 1,043 953 1,013 5 3,013 151 3,164 863 1996 1,083 980 1,034 5 3,101 153 3,254 887 1997 1,076 1,027 1,038 5 3,146 156 3,302 929 1998 1,130 1,078 1,051 5 3,264 161 3,425 979 1999 1,145 1,104 1,058 5 3,312 172 3,484 1,002 2000 1,192 1,159 1,064 5 3,421 171 3,592 1,055 2001 1,202 1,191 997 6 3,394 163 3,557 1,083 2002 1,265 1,205 990 6 3,465 166 3,632 1,104 2003 1,276 1,199 1,012 7 3,494 168 3,662 – – 2004 1,292 1,230 1,018 7 3,547 168 3,716 – – 2005 1,359 1,275 1,019 8 3,661 150 3,811 – – 2006 1,352 1,300 1,011 7 3,670 147 3,817 – – 2007 1,392 1,336 1,028 8 3,765 159 3,924 – – 2008 R1,380 R1,336 R1,009 8 R3,733 R173 R3,906 – – 2009P 1,363 1,323 882 8 3,575 E166 3,741 – – 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers. 2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and othersales to public authorities. 3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includesagriculture and irrigation. 4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. 5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." 6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes thepower or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use." 8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding publicstreet and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportationincluding railroads and railways.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://ww

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: Residential and Industrial: • 1949-September 1977—Fed

FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Operating Revenue and Income." • March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FMonthly Statement." • 1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIACompany Monthly Statement." • 1984-1994—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual forward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table 5.1. Commerby EIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportation estimation methodology at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/noforward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table • 1949-2002—Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion of "Omethodology at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pElectric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table 5.1. Direct Use: • 1989-199Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1997-2008—EIA, Electric Power Ann7.2. • 2009—Estimate based on the 2008 value adjusted by the percentindustrial net generation on Table 8.1. Commercial (Old) and Other (Oldfor "Residential" and "Industrial."
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2009 By Sector, 2009By Sector, Nominal2 Prices, 1960-2009 By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2009260 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.3 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public

authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation incNote: Taxes are included. Source: Table 8.10.

10.52

9.30

11.55

10.21

6.84

Residential Commercial Ind

0

2

468

10

12

14

Cents per Kilowatthour

Nominal2 Re

Real1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour Nominal2

Other3

Commercial

Residential

Other3

Industrial

Commercial

 Transportation

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 19

05

1015

Chained (2005) Cents per Kilowatthour
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2009

 (Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation 3 Other 4 

Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Real 6 Nominal 5 Rea

1960 2.6 R14.0 2.4 R12.9 1.1 R5.9 NA NA 1.9 R10.2 1961 2.6 R13.8 2.4 R12.8 1.1 R5.9 NA NA 1.8 R9.6 1962 2.6 R13.6 2.4 R12.6 1.1 R5.8 NA NA 1.9 R10.0 1963 2.5 R13.0 2.3 R11.9 1.0 R5.2 NA NA 1.8 R9.3 1964 2.5 R12.8 2.2 R11.3 1.0 R5.1 NA NA 1.8 R9.2 1965 2.4 R12.1 2.2 R11.0 1.0 R5.0 NA NA 1.8 R9.0 1966 2.3 R11.2 2.1 R10.3 1.0 R4.9 NA NA 1.8 R8.8 1967 2.3 R10.9 2.1 R10.0 1.0 R4.7 NA NA 1.8 R8.5 1968 2.3 R10.5 2.1 R9.5 1.0 R4.5 NA NA 1.8 R8.2 1969 2.2 R9.5 2.1 R9.1 1.0 R4.3 NA NA 1.7 R7.4 1970 2.2 R9.1 2.1 R8.6 1.0 R4.1 NA NA 1.8 R7.4 1971 2.3 R9.0 2.2 R8.6 1.1 R4.3 NA NA 1.9 R7.4 1972 2.4 R9.0 2.3 R8.6 1.2 R4.5 NA NA 2.0 R7.5 1973 2.5 R8.9 2.4 R8.5 1.3 R4.6 NA NA 2.1 R7.5 1974 3.1 R10.1 3.0 R9.8 1.7 R5.5 NA NA 2.8 R9.1 1975 3.5 R10.4 3.5 R10.4 2.1 R6.3 NA NA 3.1 R9.2 1976 3.7 R10.4 3.7 R10.4 2.2 R6.2 NA NA 3.3 R9.3 1977 4.1 R10.9 4.1 R10.9 2.5 R6.6 NA NA 3.5 R9.3 1978 4.3 R10.6 4.4 R10.9 2.8 R6.9 NA NA 3.6 R8.9 1979 4.6 R10.5 4.7 R10.7 3.1 R7.1 NA NA 4.0 R9.1 1980 5.4 R11.3 5.5 R11.5 3.7 R7.8 NA NA 4.8 R10.1 1981 6.2 R11.9 6.3 R12.1 4.3 R8.2 NA NA 5.3 R10.2 1982 6.9 R12.5 6.9 R12.5 5.0 R9.0 NA NA 5.9 R10.7 1983 7.2 R12.5 7.0 R12.2 5.0 R8.7 NA NA 6.4 R11.1 1984 7.15 R11.96 7.13 R11.93 4.83 R8.08 NA NA 5.90 R9.81985 7.39 R12.00 7.27 R11.81 4.97 R8.07 NA NA 6.09 R9.81986 7.42 R11.79 7.20 R11.44 4.93 R7.83 NA NA 6.11 R9.71987 7.45 R11.50 7.08 R10.93 4.77 R7.37 NA NA 6.21 R9.51988 7.48 R11.17 7.04 R10.51 4.70 R7.02 NA NA 6.20 R9.21989 7.65 R11.00 7.20 R10.36 4.72 R6.79 NA NA 6.25 R8.91990 7.83 R10.84 7.34 R10.17 4.74 R6.57 NA NA 6.40 R8.81991 8.04 R10.75 7.53 R10.07 4.83 R6.46 NA NA 6.51 R8.71992 8.21 R10.73 7.66 R10.01 4.83 R6.31 NA NA 6.74 R8.81993 8.32 R10.64 7.74 R9.89 4.85 R6.20 NA NA 6.88 R8.81994 8.38 R10.49 7.73 R9.68 4.77 R5.97 NA NA 6.84 R8.51995 8.40 R10.30 7.69 R9.43 4.66 R5.72 NA NA 6.88 R8.41996 8.36 R10.06 7.64 R9.20 4.60 R5.54 NA NA 6.91 R8.31997 8.43 R9.97 7.59 R8.98 4.53 R5.36 NA NA 6.91 R8.11998 8.26 R9.66 7.41 R8.67 4.48 R5.24 NA NA 6.63 R7.71999 8.16 R9.40 7.26 R8.37 4.43 R5.11 NA NA 6.35 R7.32000 8.24 R9.30 7.43 R8.38 4.64 R5.23 NA NA 6.56 R7.42001 8.58 R9.46 7.92 R8.74 5.05 R5.57 NA NA 7.20 R7.92002 8.44 R9.16 7.89 R8.57 4.88 R5.30 NA NA 6.75 R7.32003 8.72 R9.27 8.03 R8.53 5.11 R5.43 7.54 R8.01 – – – – 2004 8.95 R9.25 8.17 R8.44 5.25 R5.43 7.18 R7.42 – – – – 2005 9.45 R9.45 8.67 R8.67 5.73 R5.73 8.57 R8.57 – – – – 2006 10.40 R10.07 9.46 R9.16 6.16 R5.97 9.54 R9.24 – – – – 2007 10.65 R10.03 9.65 R9.09 6.39 R6.02 9.70 R9.13 – – – – 2008 R11.26 R10.38 R10.36 R9.55 R6.83 R6.30 R10.74 R9.90 – – – – 2009P 11.55 10.52 10.21 9.30 6.84 6.23 11.17 10.18 – – – – 

1 Commercial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,

interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. 3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. 4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agricultureand irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways. 5 See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. 6 In chained (2005) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators in TableD1. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable.Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the

categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. • Data represent revenue from electricity retail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demandcharges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and othermiscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not include

deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel 

previous reporting periods. • Through 1979, data are for Classonly. (Class A utilities are those with operating revenues of $2.with between $1 million and $2.5 million.) For 1980-1982, daelectric operating revenues were $100 million or more during thselected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are in 1996, data also include energy service providers selling to reta

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-FCommission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of E• March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric • 1983—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form Statement." • 1984-1994—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual ElecElectric Power Monthly (March 2010), Table 5.3.
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2009 By Major Category, 2009By Source, 2009262 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Total

1 Conventional and pumped storage.2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil

fuels, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneoustechnologies.

Source: Table 8.11a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Kilowatts

El

P

778

126 

Fossil Renewable Nu

0

300600900

Million Kilowatts

Nuclear Electric Power

Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Renewable

Energy

Energy 

Electric

Power

405

314

101 100

57

34

7 4 2 

Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro- Petroleum Wind Wood Waste Geothermal 

0

100200300400500

Million Kilowatts

electric

Power1
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2009 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Commercial Sector, 2009 Industrial Sector, 2009

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, solar/PV, wood, blast furnace gas, propane gas, and

other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived fromfossil fuels 3 Conventional hydroelectric power.

4 Solar/PV, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purcha

ous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 200

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

300600900

1,200

Million Kilowatts Electric Power Sector Total (All Sectors)

Commercial and Industrial

Electricity-Only Plants

Combined-Heat-and-Powe

1.1

0.4 0.4

0.4

(s)

Natural Waste Coal Petroleum Other1

0.00.40.8

1.2

Million Kilowatts

14.7

5.1

3.4

1.8

0.7 

Natural Wood Coal Other Petr

048

12

16

Million Kilowatts

Gas

Gas Gases2 leum
264 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 5 ( ) 69.1 .1 10 ( ) .2 NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 5 ( ) 70.5 .1 10 ( ) .3 NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 5 ( ) 75.4 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1974 NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 5 ( ) 75.5 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 1980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 1981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s1982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s1983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s1984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s1985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s1986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s1987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s1988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s198912 303.1 79.1 135.7 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 .2 11990 307.4 77.9 140.8 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 .3 11991 307.4 74.2 147.6 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 .3 11992 309.4 73.1 152.2 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 .3 11993 310.1 71.1 158.6 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 .3 11994 311.4 71.7 164.8 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 .3 11995 311.4 66.6 174.5 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 .3 11996 313.4 72.5 174.1 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 .3 11997 313.6 72.5 176.5 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 .3 11998 315.8 66.3 180.3 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 .3 11999 315.5 60.1 195.1 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 .4 22000 315.1 61.8 219.6 2.3 598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 .4 22001 314.2 66.2 252.8 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.7 78.9 5.9 3.7 2.2 .4 32002 315.4 59.7 312.5 2.0 689.5 98.7 20.4 79.4 5.8 3.8 2.3 .4 42003 313.0 60.7 355.4 2.0 731.2 99.2 20.5 78.7 5.9 3.8 2.1 .4 62004 313.0 59.1 371.0 2.3 745.4 99.6 20.8 77.6 6.2 3.5 2.2 .4 62005 313.4 58.5 383.1 2.1 757.1 100.0 21.3 77.5 6.2 3.6 2.3 .4 82006 313.0 58.1 388.3 2.3 761.6 100.3 21.5 77.8 6.4 3.7 2.3 .4 112007 312.7 56.1 392.9 2.3 764.0 100.3 21.9 77.9 6.7 4.1 2.2 .5 162008 313.3 57.4 397.4 2.0 770.2 100.8 21.9 77.9 6.9 4.2 2.3 .5 242009P 314.4 57.0 404.9 2.0 778.2 100.8 21.9 78.0 6.9 4.4 2.4 .6 33

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels).

8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Wood."

11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Begin

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See Nend of section.• See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Gcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 8 Wind 

6 Waste 7

1949 NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 5 ( ) 18.5 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 50.0 .0 5 ( ) 19.2 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 86.8 .0 5 ( ) 27.4 (s) 10 ( ) NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 130.8 .4 5 ( ) 35.8 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 182.9 .8 5 ( ) 51.0 .1 10 ( ) (s) NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 5 ( ) 63.8 .1 10 ( ) .1 NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 5 ( ) 69.1 .1 10 ( ) .2 NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 5 ( ) 70.5 .1 10 ( ) .3 NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 5 ( ) 75.4 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1974 NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 5 ( ) 75.5 .1 10 ( ) .4 NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 5 ( ) 78.4 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 5 ( ) 78.0 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1977 NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 5 ( ) 78.6 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1978 NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 5 ( ) 79.9 .1 10 ( ) .5 NA NA 1979 NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 5 ( ) 82.9 .1 10 ( ) .7 NA NA 1980 NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 5 ( ) 81.7 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA NA 1981 NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 5 ( ) 82.4 .1 10 ( ) .9 NA (s) 1982 NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 5 ( ) 83.0 .1 10 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 1983 NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 5 ( ) 83.9 .2 10 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 1984 NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 5 ( ) 85.3 .3 10 ( ) 1.2 11 ( ) (s) 1985 NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 5 ( ) 88.9 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 1986 NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 5 ( ) 89.3 .2 .2 1.6 11 ( ) (s) 1987 NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 5 ( ) 89.7 .2 .2 1.5 11 ( ) (s) 1988 NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 5 ( ) 90.3 .2 .2 1.7 11 ( ) (s) 198912 298.0 78.1 125.4 .4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 .2 1.5 1990 302.3 76.8 129.9 .4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 .3 1.8 1991 302.5 73.0 137.1 .7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 .3 1.9 1992 304.3 71.8 141.0 .7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 .3 1.8 1993 305.0 69.9 146.9 .7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 .3 1.8 1994 306.1 70.5 152.5 .7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 .3 1.7 1995 306.0 65.4 161.9 .3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 .3 1.7 1996 308.1 71.3 161.4 .1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 .3 1.7 1997 308.5 71.0 163.4 .2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 .3 1.6 1998 310.9 65.0 167.1 .1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 .3 1.7 1999 310.7 58.6 181.1 .2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 .4 2.3 2000 310.2 60.7 204.7 .3 575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 .4 2.4 2001 309.8 64.7 236.8 .3 611.6 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.2 .4 3.9 2002 311.0 58.6 296.6 .3 666.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.3 2.3 .4 4.4 2003 308.5 59.6 339.1 .3 707.6 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.1 .4 6.0 2004 308.8 58.0 355.2 .4 722.4 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.6 2.9 2.2 .4 6.5 2005 309.0 57.4 367.5 .3 734.3 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.6 3.0 2.3 .4 8.7 2006 309.2 56.8 372.0 .4 738.4 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.7 3.1 2.3 .4 11.3 2007 309.1 54.8 377.1 .5 741.5 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.7 3.5 2.2 .5 16.5 2008 309.6 56.4 381.8 .2 748.1 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.8 3.6 2.3 .5 24.7 2009P 310.6 55.9 389.0 .2 755.7 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.9 3.8 2.4 .6 33.5 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Through 1988, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 6 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Wood."

11 Included in "Wind."12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – = No data reported. (s)=Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants witbusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the publindustrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Cove"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of compone

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, se

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelelectric.htm

Sources: • 1949-1984—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-1Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility,Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA
266 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2009

 (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind 

5 Waste 6

Electricity-Only Plants 9

1989 296.5 78.0 119.3 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.1990 299.9 76.6 121.8 .4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 .3 1.1991 299.6 72.6 127.9 .7 500.8 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.1 2.2 2.6 .3 1.1992 300.8 71.5 130.2 .7 503.1 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.2 2.3 2.9 .3 1.1993 301.2 69.3 134.5 .7 505.7 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.2 2.4 2.9 .3 1.1994 301.6 69.8 136.6 .7 508.7 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.5 2.5 3.0 .3 1.1995 301.3 64.7 145.3 .3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 .3 1.1996 303.1 70.6 143.1 .1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.1997 303.6 70.2 144.7 .2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 .3 1.1998 305.9 64.2 147.5 .1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 .3 1.1999 305.5 57.5 161.7 .2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 .4 2.2000 305.2 59.8 184.0 .1 549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 .4 2.4 2001 305.2 63.8 215.5 .1 584.5 98.2 19.7 77.9 1.5 2.9 2.2 .4 3.2002 305.8 57.5 268.1 .1 631.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 .4 4.4 2003 303.0 58.6 304.2 .1 665.9 99.2 20.5 77.9 1.4 2.8 2.1 .4 6.2004 303.2 57.3 322.6 .1 683.2 99.6 20.8 77.0 1.5 2.6 2.2 .4 6.2005 303.4 56.9 335.8 (s) 696.2 100.0 21.3 76.9 1.4 2.6 2.3 .4 8.2006 303.4 55.8 341.9 .1 701.2 100.3 21.5 77.1 1.5 2.7 2.3 .4 11.2007 303.2 53.9 347.6 .1 704.9 100.3 21.9 77.5 1.5 3.1 2.2 .5 16.2008 303.7 55.5 352.2 – 711.4 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.6 3.2 2.3 .5 24.2009P 304.7 55.0 359.9 – 719.5 100.8 21.9 77.6 1.6 3.4 2.4 .6 33.

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 10

1989 1.5 0.2 6.1 – 7.7 – – – 0.2 0.2 – – – 1990 2.4 .2 8.1 – 10.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1991 2.9 .4 9.2 – 12.5 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1992 3.5 .3 10.9 (s) 14.7 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1993 3.8 .7 12.3 – 16.8 – – – .2 .2 – – – 1994 4.5 .7 15.9 – 21.0 – – – .3 .2 – – – 1995 4.8 .8 16.6 – 22.1 – – – .4 .2 – – – 1996 5.0 .7 18.4 – 24.0 – – – .3 .3 – – – 1997 4.9 .8 18.7 (s) 24.4 – – – .3 .4 – – – 1998 5.0 .8 19.6 – 25.5 – – – .4 .4 – – – 1999 5.2 1.1 19.4 – 25.7 – – – .4 .4 – – – 2000 5.0 .9 20.7 .3 26.9 – – – .2 .5 – – – 2001 4.6 1.0 21.2 .3 27.1 – – (s) .1 .4 – – – 2002 5.2 1.1 28.5 .2 34.9 – – – .1 .4 – – – 2003 5.5 1.1 34.9 .2 41.7 – – (s) .2 .5 – – – 2004 5.6 .7 32.6 .3 39.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2005 5.6 .5 31.7 .3 38.1 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2006 5.8 1.0 30.0 .3 37.2 – – (s) .2 .4 – – – 2007 5.9 .9 29.5 .3 36.6 – – – .2 .4 – – – 2008 5.9 .9 29.6 .2 36.6 – – – .2 .5 – – – 2009P 5.9 .9 29.2 .2 36.2 – – – .2 .5 – – – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity to thepublic. Data also include a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

10 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elec

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.05 millNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Elecof Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility,Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2009

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydro

electric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Geothermal Solar/PV Wood 7 Wind 

5 Waste 6

Commercial Sector 9

1989 0.3 0.2 0.6 – 1.0 – – (s) (s) 0.2 – – – 1990 .3 .2 .7 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1991 .2 .2 .7 – 1.1 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1992 .2 .2 .8 – 1.2 – – (s) (s) .2 – – – 1993 .3 .2 .9 – 1.3 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1994 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1995 .3 .2 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 1996 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 1997 .3 .4 1.2 – 1.9 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 1998 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – 1999 .3 .4 1.1 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .5 – – – 2000 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2001 .3 .3 1.9 – 2.5 – – (s) (s) .3 – – – 2002 .3 .3 1.2 – 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2003 .3 .3 1.0 – 1.7 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2004 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2005 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2006 .4 .3 1.0 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2007 .4 .3 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – – – 2008 .4 .4 1.1 (s) 1.8 – – (s) (s) .4 – (s) – 2009P .4 .4 1.1 (s) 1.9 – – (s) (s) .4 – (s) – 

Industrial Sector 10

1989 4.8 0.7 9.7 1.2 16.5 – – 0.5 4.1 0.2 – – – 1990 4.8 .9 10.3 1.3 17.3 – – .6 4.3 .2 – – – 1991 4.7 1.1 9.8 1.4 17.1 – – .6 4.8 .2 – – – 1992 4.8 1.1 10.3 1.4 17.6 – – .6 4.8 .3 – – – 1993 4.9 1.0 10.9 1.2 18.0 – – .6 5.0 .3 – – – 1994 5.0 1.0 11.0 1.4 18.5 – – 1.1 5.0 .3 – – – 1995 5.0 1.0 11.3 1.4 18.7 – – 1.1 4.9 .2 – – – 1996 5.0 .9 11.5 1.6 19.0 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 1997 4.8 1.1 11.9 1.3 19.2 – – 1.1 5.1 .2 – – – 1998 4.6 1.0 12.0 1.5 19.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 1999 4.4 1.1 12.9 1.7 20.1 – – 1.1 5.0 .2 – – – 2000 4.6 .8 13.7 2.0 21.2 – – 1.1 4.4 .2 – – – 2001 4.2 1.1 14.1 1.3 20.7 – – 1.0 4.2 .1 – – – 2002 4.0 .7 14.7 1.8 21.2 – – 1.0 4.3 .1 – – – 2003 4.1 .7 15.3 1.7 21.9 – – .8 4.3 .1 – – – 2004 3.8 .8 14.8 1.9 21.3 – – .6 4.5 .2 – – – 2005 4.0 .8 14.5 1.8 21.0 – – .7 4.5 .2 – – – 2006 3.3 1.0 15.3 1.8 21.4 – – .7 4.7 .2 – – – 2007 3.2 .9 14.7 1.9 20.6 – – .3 5.0 .2 – R (s) – 2008 3.2 .7 14.6 1.8 20.3 – – .3 5.0 .1 – (s) – 2009P 3.4 .7 14.7 1.8 20.7 – – .3 5.1 .1 – (s) – 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal synfuel. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. For all years, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenicsources, and tire-derived fuels). 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – = No data reported. (s)=Less tNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the energy source reported as the predominant one. • See sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Cove"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of compone

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annu
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2009 Capacity Margin, 1996-2009U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2009 North American Electric Reliability Corporatio268 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Summer

Notes: • Values for 2009 are forecast. • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more

peak loads on individual systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary forinformation on North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC).

Sources: • Data: Table 8.12. • Map: North American El

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

300600900

GigawattsWinter

43 44 37 47

146

181

33

111

63

46 43

61

178

203

44

141

ERCOT FRCC MRO NPCC RFC SERC SPP WECC

0

50

100150200250

Gigawatts

Summer Winter

1996 1998 2000 2002 2

0

10203040

Percent Summer

Winter

(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2009

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 1

North American Electric Reliability Corporation Regions 2

Contiguous

United

States

ASC

(Alask

ECAR 

3 ERCOT FRCC MAAC 3 MAIN 3

MRO 4

(U.S.)

NPCC

(U.S.) RFC 5 SERC SPP

WECC 6

(U.S.)

Summer 8

1986 69,606 39,335 – – 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 – – 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 – 1987 72,561 39,339 – – 40,526 37,446 23,162 42,651 – – 109,798 47,723 82,967 496,173 – 1988 79,149 40,843 – – 43,110 41,139 24,899 45,245 – – 115,168 49,356 90,551 529,460 – 1989 75,442 40,402 – – 41,614 39,460 24,336 45,031 – – 117,729 49,439 90,657 524,110 456 1990 79,258 42,737 – – 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 – – 121,943 52,541 97,389 546,331 463 1991 81,224 41,870 – – 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 – – 124,716 51,885 92,096 551,418 471 1992 78,550 42,619 – – 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 – – 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 1993 80,930 44,255 – – 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 – – 135,704 57,106 97,809 575,356 511 1994 87,165 44,162 – – 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 – – 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 1995 92,619 46,618 – – 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 – – 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 1996 90,798 47,480 – – 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 – – 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 – 1997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 – – 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 – 1998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 – – 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 – 1999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 – – 149,685 38,609 113,629 682,122 – 2000 92,033 57,606 37,194 49,477 52,552 28,605 50,057 – – 156,088 40,199 114,602 678,413 – 2001 100,235 55,201 39,062 54,015 56,344 28,321 55,949 – – 149,293 40,273 109,119 687,812 – 2002 102,996 56,248 40,696 55,569 56,396 29,119 56,012 – – 158,767 39,688 119,074 714,565 – 2003 98,487 59,996 40,475 53,566 56,988 28,831 55,018 – – 153,110 40,367 122,537 709,375 – 2004 95,300 58,531 42,383 52,049 53,439 29,351 52,549 – – 157,615 40,106 123,136 704,459 – 2005 – – 60,210 46,396 – – – – 39,918 58,960 190,200 190,705 41,727 130,760 758,876 – 2006 – – 62,339 45,751 – – – – 42,194 63,241 191,920 199,052 42,882 142,096 789,475 – 2007 – – 62,188 46,676 – – – – 41,684 58,314 181,700 209,109 43,167 139,389 782,227 – 2008 – – R62,174 R44,836 – – – – R39,677 R58,543 R169,155 R199,779 R43,476 R134,829 R752,470 – 2009F – – 63,491 45,734 – – – – 43,172 61,327 178,100 202,738 44,462 140,692 779,716 – 

Winter 9

1986 64,561 28,730 – – 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 – – 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 – 1987 68,118 31,399 – – 35,775 30,606 19,335 41,902 – – 105,476 34,472 81,182 448,265 – 1988 67,771 34,621 – – 36,363 30,631 20,162 42,951 – – 108,649 35,649 82,937 459,734 – 1989 73,080 38,388 – – 38,161 33,770 21,360 42,588 – – 121,995 42,268 84,768 496,378 626 1990 67,097 35,815 – – 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 – – 117,448 38,949 94,252 484,231 613 1991 71,181 35,448 – – 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,866 – – 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,761 622 1992 72,885 35,055 – – 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 – – 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 1993 81,846 35,407 – – 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 – – 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 1994 75,638 36,180 – – 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 – – 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 1995 83,465 36,965 – – 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 – – 142,032 44,624 94,890 544,684 676 1996 84,534 38,868 – – 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 – – 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 – 1997 75,670 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 – – 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,874 – 1998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,199 – – 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,558 – 1999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 – – 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 – 2000 84,546 44,641 38,606 43,256 41,943 24,536 43,852 – – 139,146 30,576 97,324 588,426 – 2001 85,485 44,015 40,922 39,458 40,529 21,815 42,670 – – 135,182 29,614 96,622 576,312 – 2002 87,300 45,414 45,635 46,551 42,412 23,645 46,009 – – 141,882 30,187 95,951 604,986 – 2003 86,332 42,702 36,841 45,625 41,719 24,134 48,079 – – 137,972 28,450 102,020 593,874 – 2004 91,800 44,010 44,839 45,905 42,929 24,526 48,176 – – 144,337 29,490 102,689 618,701 – 2005 – – 48,141 42,657 – – – – 33,748 46,828 151,600 164,638 31,260 107,493 626,365 – 2006 – – 50,402 42,526 – – – – 34,677 46,697 149,631 175,163 30,792 111,093 640,981 – 2007 – – 50,408 41,701 – – – – 33,191 46,795 141,900 179,888 31,322 112,700 637,905 – 2008 – – R47,806 R45,275 – – – – R36,029 R46,043 R142,395 R179,596 R32,809 R113,605 R643,557 – 2009F – – 43,463 44,446 – – – – 36,571 47,098 145,800 181,045 32,636 111,324 642,383 – 

1 Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur

at the same time interval. 2 See "North American Electric Reliablility Corporation (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S. portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions. 3 ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN dissolved at the end of 2005. Utility members joined other reliability regional councils. 4 MRO was renamed from MAPP in 2004. 5 ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) came into existence on January 1, 2006. Many of the former utilitymembers of ECAR, MAAC, and MAIN joined RFC.

6 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002. 7 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than

estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak 

demand does not include estimated demand for direct contrinterruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous Un

8 The summer peak period is June through September. 9 The winter peak period is December through February of th

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Ele

Tables 4.1-4.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulpredecessor forms. 
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2008 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2008Energy Savings, 1989-2008 Electric Utility Costs, 1989-2008270 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. Source: Table 8.13.

12 14

16

17

23

25

30 30

25

27 26

23

25

23 23 24

26

27

30

33

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

10203040

Gigawatts

40

13,091

60

19,650

Total: 32,741 Megawatts (MW)

Energy Efficiency

19,650 MW

(60%)

Load Management

13,091 MW

(40%)

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51 54 54 54 50 55

60

64

69

88

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

20406080

100

Billion Kilowatthours

0.9

1.2

1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.4 1.4

1.6 

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2

0

1

2

34

Billion Dollars1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2008

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

Energy Efficiency Energy Savings 

2 Load Management 3 Total

Megawatts Million Kilowatthours 

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 1993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 1994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 1995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 1996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1997 13,327 11,958 25,284 56,406 1998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 2000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 2001 13,027 11,928 24,955 53,936 2002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 2003 13,581 9,323 22,904 50,265 2004 14,272 9,260 23,532 54,710 2005 15,351 10,359 25,710 59,897 2006 15,959 11,281 27,240 63,817 2007 17,710 R12,543 R30,253 R68,992 2008 19,650 13,091 32,741 87,825 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.

2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.

3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"

and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance

with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at ti

of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at thusually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In soaffected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating 

4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" 

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs o

since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Soprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "EfPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to tby the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1996—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Elect

Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010), Tables 9.1, 9.6, and 
Electricity

Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that

generated electricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilities exclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independentpower producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with agenerator nameplate capacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with agenerator nameplate capacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics in Section 8 are data for residential and commercial selfgeneration from solar energy, except for the small amount sold to the grid and

included in data for the electric power sector.

Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the StandardIndustrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 areassigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned to the Industrial Sector.Those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate theprimary purpose of the facility by assigning a NAICS code from the list at:http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860/eia860.doc.Note 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Through the Annual Energy Review(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of traded electricity from fossil fuelsand hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-electric-plant heat rate toconvert from kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (and applied the heat ratefor geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 2002, because of inadequate data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour to all

traded electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric

power and geothermal energy are no longer inconsumption data. They continue to be included in as components of electricity net imports, with eneTables 1.3 and 2.1f). This change between AER 2000.0-to-0.5 quadrillion Btu drop in total renewable e

forward.

Table 8.1 Sources: Net Generation, Electric Po

Generation, Commercial Sector: Table 8.2d. Sector: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Co"Monthly Power Plant Report," for plants with genmegawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Eleall other plants. • October 1977-1978—Federal E(FERC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Reporcapacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FERC, Form Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1979—Power Plant Report," for plants with generating capand EIA estimates for all other plants. • 1980-19average generation over the 6-year period of 1974-18.2d. Net Generation, Total: Table 8.2a. ImpSeptember 1977—Unpublished FPC data. • OctoEconomic Regulatory Administration (ERA) data. Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Emergency OpEnergy Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Cal(revised June 1982). • 1982 and 1983—DOE, Across International Borders. • 1984-1986—DO

tions Across International Borders. • 1987 and 19781R, "Annual Report of International Electrica1989—DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, "Annuatrical Export/Import Data." • 1990 forward—Natioand DOE, Fossil Energy, Office of Fuels Programs, FData." For 2001 forward, data from the California are used in combination with the Form FE-781R valuwith Mexico. T & D Losses and Unaccounted for: net generation and imports minus total end use and ex

272 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Nuclear Energy

9

Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangulareactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coafired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

Operable Units,1 1957-2009 Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Change, 1950-2

Status of All Nuclear Generating Units, 2009 Permanent Shutdowns by Year, 1955-2009

274 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Units holding full-power operating licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end

of the year.

Note: Data are at end of year.Sources: Tables 9.1 and 8.11a.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

-4

048

12

Million Kilowatts

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Number of Units

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1

2

34

Number

Peak: 112 Units in 1990

104 Units

In 2009

PermanentShutdowns

Total Units Ordered: 259

28

104

Operable

Units1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1955-2009

Year

Original Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) 1 Current Licensing Regulations (10 CFR Part 52) 1

P

S

Construction

Permits

Issued 2,3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses

Issued 3,5

Early Site

Permits

Issued 3

Combined

License Applications

Received

Combined

Licenses

Issued 3

1955 1 0 0 – – – – – – 1956 3 0 0 – – – – – – 1957 1 1 1 – – – – – – 1958 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1959 3 1 1 – – – – – – 1960 7 1 1 – – – – – – 1961 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1962 1 7 6 – – – – – – 1963 1 3 2 – – – – – – 1964 3 2 3 – – – – – – 1965 1 0 0 – – – – – – 1966 5 1 2 – – – – – – 1967 14 3 3 – – – – – – 1968 23 0 0 – – – – – – 1969 7 4 4 – – – – – – 1970 10 4 3 – – – – – – 1971 4 5 2 – – – – – – 1972 8 6 6 – – – – – – 1973 14 12 15 – – – – – – 1974 23 14 15 – – – – – – 1975 9 3 2 – – – – – – 1976 9 7 7 – – – – – – 1977 15 4 4 – – – – – – 1978 13 3 4 – – – – – – 1979 2 0 0 – – – – – – 1980 0 5 2 – – – – – – 1981 0 3 4 – – – – – – 1982 0 6 4 – – – – – – 1983 0 3 3 – – – – – – 1984 0 7 6 – – – – – – 1985 0 7 9 – – – – – – 1986 0 7 5 – – – – – – 1987 0 6 8 – – – – – – 1988 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1989 0 3 4 – – – – – – 1990 0 1 2 – – – – – – 1991 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1992 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1993 0 1 1 – – – – – – 1994 0 0 0 – – – – – – 1995 0 1 0 – – – – – – 1996 0 0 1 – – – – – – 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999-2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 0 0 0 3 5 0 2008 0 0 0 0 11 0 2009 0 0 0 1 1 0 Total 177 132 132 4 17 0 

1 Data in columns 1-3 are based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR

Part 50. Data in columns 4-6 are based on the NRC regulation 10 CFR Part 52. See Note 1, "PendingActions on Nuclear Generating Units," at end of section.

2 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Under

current licensing regulations, the construction permit is no longer issued separately from the operatinglicense. 3 Numbers reflect permits or licenses issued in a given year, not extant permits or licenses. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not tooperate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission (note that

some units receive full-power licenses the same year they rec

undergo low-power testing prior to commercial operation. 6 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licensesthe end of the year (the number of operable units equals the cumlicenses minus the cumulative number of permanent shutdowns).

– – = Not applicable. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at eWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: See end of section.
Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2009 Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net GeneratiNet Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2009 Capacity Factor, 1973-2009276 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours Total

Nuclear

1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Percent

3.953 

in

2009

0.799 in 2009

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

20406080

100

Percent

101 

in

2009
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2009

Year

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation Nuclear Share of Total Electricity Net Generation Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units 1 

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 .2 (s) .1 1959 .2 (s) .1 1960 .5 .1 .4 1961 1.7 .2 .4 1962 2.3 .3 .7 1963 3.2 .3 .8 1964 3.3 .3 .8 1965 3.7 .3 .8 1966 5.5 .5 1.7 1967 7.7 .6 2.7 1968 12.5 .9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 13.5 69.7 1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989 529.4 17.8 98.2 1990 576.9 19.0 99.6 1991 612.6 19.9 99.6 1992 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993 610.3 19.1 99.0 1994 640.4 19.7 99.1 1995 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996 674.7 19.6 100.8 1997 628.6 18.0 99.7 1998 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999 728.3 19.7 97.4 2000 753.9 19.8 97.9 2001 768.8 20.6 98.2 2002 780.1 20.2 98.7 2003 763.7 19.7 99.2 2004 788.5 19.9 99.6 2005 782.0 19.3 100.0 2006 787.2 19.4 100.3 2007 806.4 19.4 100.3 2008 806.2 19.6 R100.8 2009P 798.7 20.2 100.8 

1 At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. 2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: See Note 2, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html.

Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclea

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: • Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy RevieFactor: EIA, MER (April 2010), Table 8.1. Annual capacity capacity factors.
Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

Production and Trade, 1949-2008 Production and Trade, 2008Inventories, End of Year 1981-2008 Average Prices, 1981-2008278 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Purchased

Imports

Purchased

Imports

Domestic

Purchases

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: See “Uranium Oxide” in Glossary. 

Source: Table 9.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export Sales Domestic Concentrate Production

4

57

Domestic Purchased Import

0

204060

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Concentrate Production

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150200

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Total

1985 1990 1995 

0

1020304050

Dollars1 per Pound Uranium Oxide Electric PlantsDomestic Suppliers
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2008

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production 1

Purchased

Imports 2

Export 2

Sales 

Electric Plant

Purchases From

Domestic Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 3

Inventories 

Domestic Suppliers Electric Plants Total Pur

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide 

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 .92 5.5 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 .0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 .0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 24.55 .0 .4 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 25.80 .0 .2 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 26.47 .0 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 23.06 .0 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 2002 2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 2003 5,E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 39.9 45.6 85.5 2004 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 50.1 37.5 57.7 95.2 2005 2.69 65.5 20.5 27.3 58.3 29.1 64.7 93.8 2006 4.11 64.8 18.7 27.9 51.7 29.1 77.5 106.6 2007 4.53 54.1 14.8 18.5 45.5 31.2 81.2 112.4 2008 3.90 57.1 17.2 20.4 P 51.3 P 26.9 P 81.9 P 108.8 

1 See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 2 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported uranium oxide. Trade data prior to 1982 were fortransactions conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers(consumers) have been included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small. 3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Value has been rounded to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. 

Notes: • Data for 2009 were not available in time for 

http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.html. • See "Uranium Oxide" in G

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelnuclear.htm

Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, annual reportsUranium Production Report" (May 2009), Table 3; EIA, "2008 2009), Tables 5, 18, 19, 21, and 22; and EIA, Form EIA-858, "Ur
Nuclear Energy

Note 1. Pending Actions on Nuclear Generating Units. Much of Table 9.1 is

based on the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulation 10 CFR Part50, which has in most instances been supplanted by 10 CFR Part 52 following thepassage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and procedural reforms initiated in

1989 by the NRC. (This statement applies to permit and license procedures only.)

In 2009, the NRC issued one Early Site Permit (ESP) under 10 CFR Part 52 to

the Vogtle nuclear plant in Georgia. Simultaneously, NRC issued Vogtle aLimited Work Authorization (LWA). As of December 31, 2009, no new ESP

applications have been submitted since August 2006.

As of December 31, 2009, the NRC has 13 Combined License (COL) applications under review—for Bell Bend (Pennsylvania), Bellefonte 3 and 4 (Alabama);

Calvert Cliffs 3 (Maryland); Comanche Peak (Texas); Fermi 3 (Michigan); LevyCounty 1 and 2 (Florida); Turkey Point (Florida); Virgil C. Summer 2 and 3 (SouthCarolina); and Vogtle 3 and 4 (Georgia); and William States Lee III units 1 and 2(South Carolina). As of that date, the Turkey Point COL application (submittedin June 2009) was the last such application received by the NRC. At the requestof the applicants, review has been suspended for Callaway 2 (Missouri), NineMile Point 3 (New York), and River Bend 2 (Louisiana). The Victoria County 1and 2 COL application was withdrawn following the announcement that theapplicant intends to apply instead for an ESP with the reactor choice unspecified.In addition to the COL applications currently under review, Watts Bar 2 iscurrently under construction. Watts Bar 2 was issued a construction permit in1973, and the U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the unit will bebrought on line in 2014. This is the only reactor that is anticipated to apply for thelicense separate of construction permit. TVA has also requested that Bellefonte 1and 2, two partially completed units, be moved to ‘deferred plan’ status as theAgency ponders either completing one or both. 

As of December 31, 2009, 14 applications for license extensions were under

review by the NRC. The NRC granted the following 20-year license extensions in2009: Oyster Creek, on April 8th; Vogtle 1 and 2 in June; Three Mile Island inOctober; Beaver Valley (two units) on November 5th, and Susquehanna 1 and 2also in November.

For more information on nuclear reactors, see http://www.nrc.gov/reactors.html.

Note 2. Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the U.S. Energy Information Administration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fullydescribe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time framewas extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953 and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories, it was necessary to develop a reactor unit

database employing different sources than those usestill used for Table 9.2. 

The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nucl

that the units contributed power to the commercial eunits ever ordered was identified. Although most ordeties, several units are or were ordered, owned, and opFederal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nucl

Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, HalShippingport.

A reactor is generally defined as operable in Tab

power license from the Nuclear Regulatory CommAtomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permissiyear. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclicenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For exa

 In 1985, the five Tennessee Valley Authority 

3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shut down unBrowns Ferry 1 was authorized by the NRC other units restarted in 1991, 1995, 1988, anunits were counted as operable during the shu

 Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 

water breeder reactor, but is counted as operabl

 Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 19

izer heater sleeves but is counted as operable d

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three 

granted a full-power license in April 1989, but was snever restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable awould introduce a statistical discrepancy in the tal

Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit for several years, it is considered permanently shut doTable 9.1 Sources: Operable Units: • 1955-sources, primarily U.S. Department of Energy (DOPrograms, "U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric Milestones." • 1983 forward–U.S. Energy InformForm EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator ReportOther Data: • 1955-1997–U.S. Atomic Energy Comto Congress, Volume 2, Regulatory Activities; Nucle

Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Development (1988

Power 1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Re

Planned: 1995; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commiss(1997 and 1998) and "Plant Status Report"; and variotor officials. • 1998 forward–NRC, Information Dige

280 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Renewable Energy

10

Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Source

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption, 2009 Renewable Energy Total Consumption and `

 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source

282 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 2 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and co-products

from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

3 Conventional hydroelectric power.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

– Wood 24%– Hydroelectric

Power3

35%

Natural Gas

25%

Petroleum

37%

8%

Coal

21%

9%

Nuclear Electric

Power

– Wind 9%

– Solar/PV 1%– Geothermal 5%– Waste1 6%

– Biofuels2 20%

Renewable

Energy

Wood

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

8%

2.7

1.9

1.5

0.7

Hydroelectric Wood Biofuels2 Wind 

0

1

2

3

Quadrillion Btu

Power3 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Primary Energy Source, Selected 

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Production 1 Consumption

Biomass Total

Renewable

Energy 4

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 6 Solar/PV 7 Wind 8

Biomass 

Biofuels 

2 Total 3 Wood 9 Waste 10 Biofuel

1949 NA 1,549 2,974 1,425 NA NA NA 1,549 NA NA 1950 NA 1,562 2,978 1,415 NA NA NA 1,562 NA NA 1955 NA 1,424 2,784 1,360 NA NA NA 1,424 NA NA 1960 NA 1,320 2,929 1,608 1 NA NA 1,320 NA NA 1965 NA 1,335 3,398 2,059 4 NA NA 1,335 NA NA 1970 NA 1,431 4,076 2,634 11 NA NA 1,429 2 NA 1971 NA 1,432 4,268 2,824 12 NA NA 1,430 2 NA 1972 NA 1,503 4,398 2,864 31 NA NA 1,501 2 NA 1973 NA 1,529 4,433 2,861 43 NA NA 1,527 2 NA 1974 NA 1,540 4,769 3,177 53 NA NA 1,538 2 NA 1975 NA 1,499 4,723 3,155 70 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 1976 NA 1,713 4,768 2,976 78 NA NA 1,711 2 NA 1977 NA 1,838 4,249 2,333 77 NA NA 1,837 2 NA 1978 NA 2,038 5,039 2,937 64 NA NA 2,036 1 NA 1979 NA 2,152 5,166 2,931 84 NA NA 2,150 2 NA 1980 NA 2,476 5,485 2,900 110 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 1981 13 R2,596 R5,477 2,758 123 NA NA 2,496 88 11982 R34 R2,663 6,034 3,266 105 NA NA 2,510 119 R34 1983 R63 R2,904 R6,561 3,527 129 NA (s) 2,684 157 R61984 R77 R2,971 R6,522 3,386 165 (s) (s) 2,686 208 R71985 R93 R3,016 R6,185 2,970 198 (s) (s) 2,687 236 R91986 R107 R2,932 R6,223 3,071 219 (s) (s) 2,562 263 R101987 R123 R2,875 R5,739 2,635 229 (s) (s) 2,463 289 R121988 R124 R3,016 R5,568 2,334 217 (s) (s) 2,577 315 R121989 R125 R3,159 R6,391 2,837 317 55 22 2,680 354 R121990 R111 R2,735 R6,206 3,046 336 60 29 2,216 408 R111991 R128 R2,782 R6,237 3,016 346 63 31 2,214 440 R121992 R145 R2,932 R5,992 2,617 349 64 30 2,313 473 R141993 R169 R2,908 R6,261 2,892 364 66 31 2,260 479 R161994 R188 R3,028 R6,153 2,683 338 69 36 2,324 515 R181995 R198 R3,099 R6,701 3,205 294 70 33 2,370 531 R201996 R141 R3,155 R7,165 3,590 316 71 33 2,437 577 R141997 R186 R3,108 R7,177 3,640 325 70 34 2,371 551 R181998 R202 R2,929 R6,655 3,297 328 70 31 2,184 542 R201999 R211 R2,965 R6,678 3,268 331 69 46 2,214 540 R202000 R233 R3,006 R6,257 2,811 317 66 57 2,262 511 R232001 R254 R2,624 R5,312 2,242 311 65 70 2,006 364 R252002 R308 R2,705 R5,892 2,689 328 64 105 1,995 402 R302003 R402 R2,805 R6,139 2,825 331 64 115 2,002 401 R402004 R487 R2,998 R6,235 2,690 341 65 142 2,121 389 R502005 R564 R3,104 R6,393 2,703 343 66 178 2,136 403 R572006 R720 R3,226 R6,774 2,869 343 72 264 R2,109 R397 R772007 R978 R3,489 R6,706 2,446 349 81 341 R2,098 R413 R992008 R1,387 R3,867 R7,381 R2,511 R360 R97 R546 R2,044 R436 R1,372009P 1,562 3,900 7,761 2,682 373 109 697 1,891 447 1,54

1 Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels. 2 Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 3 Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the production of fuel

ethanol and biodiesel.

4 Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 6 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate),

and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled

plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy.

8 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 9 Wood and wood-derived fuels.

10 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumpt

production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Most data for the residential, commercial, industria

See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. • See electricity net generation and useful thermal output from renewa8.6a-c, and 8.7a-c for renewable energy consumption for electand Tables 8.11a-d for renewable energy electric net summer cProduction and Consumption," at end of section. • See Tconsumption for 1635-1945. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelrenewable.

Sources: Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. All Other Data: 
Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1989-2009

Residential Sector Commercial1 Sector, Major SourcesIndustrial1 Sector, Major Sources Transportation Sector284 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

2 Wood and wood-derived fuels.3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation. Includes

small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the commercial, industrial,and electric power sectors. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, 

ucts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes nonwaste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 6 From the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

7 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fu

biofuels used as diesel fuel substitutes, additives or extenders

Note: See related Figures 10.2b and 10.2c.Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

306090

Trillion Btu Wood2

Waste 5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Solar/PV3 and Geothermal4

Wood 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

200400600800

1,000

Trillion Btu

Waste 5

Wood 

Geothermal4

Biomass 7

Losses and

Co-products 6
Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sec

End-Use Sectors, 1949-2009End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2009 End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Secto

Shares of Total Renewable Energy Consu

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

1Includes fuel use at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2c. Sources: Tables 10.2a-10.2c.

0.6

0.1

2.0

0.9

4.1

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Power

Sector End-Use Sectors

Residential

Commercial1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power

Sector

53%

End-Use

Sectors

47%

Industrial1
286 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector 1

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3

Biomass

Total

Hydroelectric

Power 5

Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 6

 Biomass

Wood 

4 Wood 4 Waste 7 Fuel Ethanol 8 

1949 NA NA 1,055 1,055 NA NA NA 20 NA NA 1950 NA NA 1,006 1,006 NA NA NA 19 NA NA 1955 NA NA 775 775 NA NA NA 15 NA NA 1960 NA NA 627 627 NA NA NA 12 NA NA 1965 NA NA 468 468 NA NA NA 9 NA NA 1970 NA NA 401 401 NA NA NA 8 NA NA 1971 NA NA 382 382 NA NA NA 7 NA NA 1972 NA NA 380 380 NA NA NA 7 NA NA 1973 NA NA 354 354 NA NA NA 7 NA NA 1974 NA NA 371 371 NA NA NA 7 NA NA 1975 NA NA 425 425 NA NA NA 8 NA NA 1976 NA NA 482 482 NA NA NA 9 NA NA 1977 NA NA 542 542 NA NA NA 10 NA NA 1978 NA NA 622 622 NA NA NA 12 NA NA 1979 NA NA 728 728 NA NA NA 14 NA NA 1980 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA 21 NA NA 1981 NA NA 870 870 NA NA NA 21 NA (s) 1982 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1983 NA NA 970 970 NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1984 NA NA 980 980 NA NA NA 22 NA (s) 1985 NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA NA 24 NA (s) 1986 NA NA 920 920 NA NA NA 27 NA (s) 1987 NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA 29 NA 1 1988 NA NA 910 910 NA NA NA 32 NA 1 1989 5 53 920 978 1 3 – 76 22 1 1990 6 56 580 641 1 3 – 66 28 R (s) 1991 6 58 610 674 1 3 – 68 26 (s) 1992 6 60 640 706 1 3 – 72 32 (s) 1993 7 62 550 618 1 3 – 76 33 (s) 1994 6 64 520 590 1 4 – 72 35 (s) 1995 7 65 520 591 1 5 – 72 40 (s) 1996 7 65 540 612 1 5 – 76 53 (s) 1997 8 65 430 503 1 6 – 73 58 (s) 1998 8 65 380 452 1 7 – 64 54 (s) 1999 9 64 390 462 1 7 – 67 54 (s) 2000 9 61 420 490 1 8 – 71 47 (s) 2001 9 60 370 439 1 8 – 67 25 (s) 2002 10 59 380 449 (s) 9 – 69 26 (s) 2003 13 58 400 471 1 11 – 71 29 1 2004 14 59 410 483 1 12 – 70 34 1 2005 16 61 430 507 1 14 – 70 34 1 2006 18 67 390 475 1 14 – 65 36 1 2007 22 75 430 527 1 14 – 69 31 2 2008 26 R88 R450 R565 1 15 (s) R73 R34 R2 2009P 33 101 430 563 1 17 (s) 72 34 2 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end ofSection 8.

2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 3 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energyused in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.

4 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 5 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 6 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate) at

commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater. 7 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, andother biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from

non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). 8 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such a

sector.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – = No data reporteNotes: • Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar

• See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for electricity net generrenewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d, 8.6a-c, and 8.7a-c felectricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tables 8.11a-summer capacity. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelrenewable.html.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors, Selected Y

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector 1 

Hydroelectric

Power 2

Geothermal 3

Biomass

Total

Wood 4 Waste 5

Fuel

Ethanol 6

Losses and

Co-products 7 Total

Fuel

Ethanol 8 

1949 76 NA 468 NA NA NA 468 544 NA 1950 69 NA 532 NA NA NA 532 602 NA 1955 38 NA 631 NA NA NA 631 669 NA 1960 39 NA 680 NA NA NA 680 719 NA 1965 33 NA 855 NA NA NA 855 888 NA 1970 34 NA 1,019 NA NA NA 1,019 1,053 NA 1971 34 NA 1,040 NA NA NA 1,040 1,074 NA 1972 34 NA 1,113 NA NA NA 1,113 1,147 NA 1973 35 NA 1,165 NA NA NA 1,165 1,200 NA 1974 33 NA 1,159 NA NA NA 1,159 1,192 NA 1975 32 NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA 1976 33 NA 1,220 NA NA NA 1,220 1,253 NA 1977 33 NA 1,281 NA NA NA 1,281 1,314 NA 1978 32 NA 1,400 NA NA NA 1,400 1,432 NA 1979 34 NA 1,405 NA NA NA 1,405 1,439 NA 1980 33 NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA 1981 33 NA 1,602 87 (s) 6 1,695 1,728 7 1982 33 NA 1,516 118 (s) 16 1,650 1,683 R18 1983 33 NA 1,690 155 (s) 29 R1,874 1,908 34 1984 33 NA 1,679 204 1 R35 R1,918 R1,951 R41 1985 33 NA 1,645 230 1 R42 R1,918 R1,951 R50 1986 33 NA 1,610 256 1 R48 R1,915 R1,948 R57 1987 33 NA 1,576 282 1 R55 R1,914 R1,947 R66 1988 33 NA 1,625 308 1 R55 R1,989 R2,022 R67 1989 28 2 1,584 200 1 R56 R1,841 R1,871 R68 1990 31 2 1,442 192 1 R49 R1,684 R1,717 R60 1991 30 2 1,410 185 1 R56 R1,652 R1,684 R70 1992 31 2 1,461 179 1 R64 R1,705 R1,737 R80 1993 30 2 1,484 181 1 R74 R1,741 R1,773 R94 1994 62 3 1,580 199 1 R82 R1,862 R1,927 R105 1995 55 3 1,652 195 2 R86 R1,934 R1,992 R113 1996 61 3 1,683 224 1 R61 R1,969 R2,033 R81 1997 58 3 1,731 184 1 R80 R1,996 R2,057 R102 1998 55 3 1,603 180 1 R86 R1,872 R1,929 R113 1999 49 4 1,620 171 1 R90 R1,882 R1,934 R118 2000 42 4 1,636 145 1 R99 R1,881 R1,928 R135 2001 33 5 1,443 129 3 R108 R1,681 R1,719 R141 2002 39 5 1,396 146 3 R130 R1,676 R1,720 R168 2003 43 3 1,363 142 R4 R169 R1,679 R1,726 R228 2004 33 4 1,476 132 6 R203 R1,817 R1,853 R286 2005 32 4 1,452 148 7 R230 R1,837 R1,873 R328 2006 29 4 R1,472 R130 10 R285 R1,897 R1,930 R442 2007 16 5 R1,413 R144 10 R377 R1,944 R1,964 R557 2008 R17 5 R1,344 R144 R12 R532 R2,031 R2,053 R786 2009P 18 4 1,217 160 13 607 1,997 2,019 879 

1 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 5 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

6 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10, consumed by the industrial

sector. 7 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Does not include naturalgas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel—theseare included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.

8 The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels

transportation sector. 9 "Biodiesel" is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fu"Biodiesel" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are estimates, except for industrial sector h

forward. • See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for electricfrom renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d, 8.consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal outputelectric net summer capacity. • Totals may not equal sum of co

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelrenewable.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric Power, 1949-2009Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2009 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2009288 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1Conventional hydroelectricity net generation.2 Wind electricity net generation.3 Geothermal electricity net generation.4 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid

waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

5 Wood and wood-derived fuels.6 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net genera

Note: See related Figures 10.2a and 10.2b on the end-usSource: Table 10.2c.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Geothermal3

697

320

253

Wind2 Geothermal3

0

100200300400500600700800

Trillion Btu

Wood5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

100200300400500600700800

Trillion Btu

Waste4

Waste4

Hydroelectric Power1

Electric Power Sector Total

Wind2

Solar/PV6
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Hydroelectric

Power 1 Geothermal 2 Solar/PV 3 Wind 4

Biomass

Wood 

5 Waste 6 Total

1949 1,349 NA NA NA 6 NA 6 1950 1,346 NA NA NA 5 NA 5 1955 1,322 NA NA NA 3 NA 3 1960 1,569 1 NA NA 2 NA 2 1965 2,026 4 NA NA 3 NA 3 1970 2,600 11 NA NA 1 2 4 1971 2,790 12 NA NA 1 2 3 1972 2,829 31 NA NA 1 2 3 1973 2,827 43 NA NA 1 2 3 1974 3,143 53 NA NA 1 2 3 1975 3,122 70 NA NA (s) 2 2 1976 2,943 78 NA NA 1 2 3 1977 2,301 77 NA NA 3 2 5 1978 2,905 64 NA NA 2 1 3 1979 2,897 84 NA NA 3 2 5 1980 2,867 110 NA NA 3 2 5 1981 2,725 123 NA NA 3 1 4 1982 3,233 105 NA NA 2 1 3 1983 3,494 129 NA (s) 2 2 4 1984 3,353 165 (s) (s) 5 4 9 1985 2,937 198 (s) (s) 8 7 14 1986 3,038 219 (s) (s) 5 7 12 1987 2,602 229 (s) (s) 8 7 15 1988 2,302 217 (s) (s) 10 8 17 19897 2,808 308 3 22 100 132 232 1990 3,014 326 4 29 129 188 317 1991 2,985 335 5 31 126 229 354 1992 2,586 338 4 30 140 262 402 1993 2,861 351 5 31 150 265 415 1994 2,620 325 5 36 152 282 434 1995 3,149 280 5 33 125 296 422 1996 3,528 300 5 33 138 300 438 1997 3,581 309 5 34 137 309 446 1998 3,241 311 5 31 137 308 444 1999 3,218 312 5 46 138 315 453 2000 2,768 296 5 57 134 318 453 2001 2,209 289 6 70 126 211 337 2002 2,650 305 6 105 150 230 380 2003 2,781 303 5 115 167 230 397 2004 2,656 311 6 142 165 223 388 2005 2,670 309 6 178 185 221 406 2006 2,839 306 5 264 182 231 412 2007 2,430 308 6 341 186 237 423 2008 R2,494 R314 R9 R546 R177 R258 R435 2009P 2,663 320 8 697 173 253 426 

1 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 2 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal energy plants heat rate). 3 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled

plants heat rate).

4 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). 5 Wood and wood-derived fuels. 6 Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and

other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste fromnon-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

7 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillioNotes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and 

plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell elthe public. • See Section 8, Tables 8.2a-d and 8.3a-c, for electricity noutput from renewable energy sources; Tables 8.4a-c, 8.5a-d, 8.6a-c, consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output; and Tabelectric net summer capacity. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports an• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://w

• For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelrenewable.html.

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Figure 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Overview, 2009 Stocks,3 1992-2009

Consumption,3 1981-2009 Fuel Ethanol and Biodi

290 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1,493

606

913

16 9

920

Feedstock1 Losses and Production3 Net Stock Consumption3

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Trillion Btu

Co-products2 Imports4 Change3 1992 1995 1998 

05

101520

Million Barrels

10.85 Billion Gallons

in 2009

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

048

12

Billion Gallons

10.8

Fuel Ethano

0

2

468

10

12

Billion Gallons

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel

ethanol.

2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol.

3 Includes denaturant.4 Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports a

Sources: Tables 10.3, 10.4, and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview, 1981-2009

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses

and Coproducts 2 Dena- turant 3 Production 4

Trade 4

Stocks 4,6

Stock

Change 4,7 C

Imports Exports

Net

Imports 5

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

1981 13 6 40 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA NA NA 1,978 1982 R34 16 107 5,369 225 19 NA NA NA NA NA 5,369 1983 R63 29 198 9,890 415 35 NA NA NA NA NA 9,890 1984 R77 R35 243 12,150 510 43 NA NA NA NA NA 12,150 1985 R93 R42 294 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA NA NA 14,693 1986 R107 R48 339 16,954 712 60 NA NA NA NA NA 16,954 1987 R123 R55 390 19,497 819 69 NA NA NA NA NA 19,497 1988 R124 R55 396 19,780 831 70 NA NA NA NA NA 19,780 1989 R125 R56 401 20,062 843 71 NA NA NA NA NA 20,062 1990 R111 R49 356 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA NA NA 17,802 1991 R128 R56 413 20,627 866 73 NA NA NA NA NA 20,627 1992 R145 R64 469 23,453 985 R84 NA NA NA 1,791 NA 23,453 1993 R169 R74 550 27,484 1,154 R98 244 NA 244 2,114 323 27,405 1994 R188 R82 614 30,689 1,289 109 279 NA 279 2,393 279 30,689 1995 R198 R86 647 32,325 1,358 R115 387 NA 387 2,186 -207 32,919 1996 R141 R61 464 23,178 973 R83 313 NA 313 2,065 -121 23,612 1997 R186 R80 613 30,674 1,288 109 85 NA 85 2,925 860 29,899 1998 R202 R86 669 33,453 1,405 R119 66 NA 66 3,406 481 33,038 1999 R211 R90 698 34,881 1,465 R124 87 NA 87 4,024 618 34,350 2000 R233 R99 773 38,627 1,622 R138 116 NA 116 3,400 -624 39,367 2001 R253 R108 841 42,028 1,765 R150 315 NA 315 4,298 898 41,445 2002 R307 R130 1,019 50,956 2,140 R182 306 NA 306 6,200 1,902 49,360 2003 R400 R169 1,335 66,772 2,804 R238 292 NA 292 5,978 -222 67,286 2004 R484 R203 1,621 81,058 3,404 R289 3,542 NA 3,542 6,002 24 84,576 2005 R552 R230 1,859 92,961 3,904 R331 3,234 NA 3,234 5,563 -439 96,634 2006 R688 R285 2,326 116,294 4,884 R414 17,408 NA 17,408 8,760 3,197 130,505 2007 R914 R376 3,105 155,263 6,521 R553 10,457 NA 10,457 10,535 1,775 163,945 2008 R1,300 R531 4,433 R221,637 R9,309 R790 R12,610 NA R12,610 R14,226 R3,691 R230,556 2009P 1,493 606 5,507 256,149 10,758 913 4,614 – 4,614 16,711 92,492 258,271 

1 Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol used for fuel ethanol. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include natural gas, electricity,

and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel ethanol—these are included in the industrialsector consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source. 3 The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced. 4 Includes denaturant. 5 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 6 Stocks are at end of year. 7 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 8 Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus denaturant are used todevelop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables 10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.

9 Derived from the preliminary 2008 stocks value, not the final 2008 value shown in this table.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. – = No data reported. Notes: • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042,

and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate heat content of fuel ethanol—see Table A3.

• Through 1980, data are not available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. For 1993-2008, only data for

feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates. For 2009, only data for feedstock, andlosses and co-products, are estimates. • See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel EthanolMinus Denaturant" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_monthly/psm.html.Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels) minus denaturant, and

then multiplied by the fuel ethanol feedstock factor—see Table A3. Losses and Co-products: Calculatedas fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus fuel ethanol production. Denaturant: • 1981-2008—Datain thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of fuelethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.641 million Btu per barrel (theestimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant). 

• 2009—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleu

Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net production of pentanplants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by (the approximate heat content of pentanes plus). Data in conventional motor gasoline at renewable fuels and oxygenate converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the motor gasoline. Production: • 1981-1992—Fuel ethanol prconsumption—see sources for "Consumption." • 1993-2004—Cfuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports. Tproduction data from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Rnot reconciled and updated to be consistent with the final bala"Monthly Oxygenate Report." • 2009—EIA, PSM, monthly rep• 1992-2008—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual repConsumption: • 1981-1989—EIA, Estimates of U.S. BiofueOffice of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), eU.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D2; and EIAPSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16. Calculated as 10 percfield production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Tabreports, Tables 1 and 15. Calculated as motor gasoline blendinfinished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1), plus fuel ethanol • 2009—EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as fminus fuel ethanol adjustments. Consumption Minus Dconsumption minus the amount of denaturant in fuel ethanoconsumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in fuel consumption-to-production ratio.
Figure 10.4 Biodiesel Overview 

Overview, 2009Consumption, 2001-2009292 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

69

1

68

10

34

3

Feedstock1 Losses and Production Imports Exports Stock 

0

255075

Trillion Btu

Co-Products Chang

2

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

0

100200300400

Million Gallons

1Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel.

Sources: Tables 10.4 and A3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview, 2001-2009

Year

Feedstock 1

Losses and

Co-products 2 Production

Trade

Stocks 4

Stock

Change 5

Balancing

Item Imports Exports 6 

Net

Imports 3

Trillion

Btu

Trillion

Btu 

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Gallons

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

Thousand

Barrels

Thousand

Barrels 

2001 1 (s) 204 9 1 78 39 39 NA NA NA 2002 1 (s) 250 10 1 191 56 135 NA NA NA 2003 2 (s) 338 14 2 94 110 -16 NA NA NA 2004 4 (s) 666 28 4 97 124 -26 NA NA NA 2005 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 207 206 1 NA NA NA 2006 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,069 828 242 NA NA NA 2007 63 1 11,662 490 62 3,342 6,477 -3,135 NA NA NA 2008 88 1 R16,145 R678 87 7,502 16,128 -8,626 NA NA NA 2009P 69 1 12,657 532 68 1,844 6,332 -4,489 506 506 419 

1 Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. 2 Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include natural gas, electricity, and

other non-biomass energy used in the production of biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sectorconsumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.

3 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 4 Stocks are at end of year. 5 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates an increase. 6 Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data sources, "Balancing Item"

is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.Notes: • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by multiplying by 0.042, and

are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content ofbiodiesel—see Table A3). • Through 2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.census.gov/manufacturing/cir/historical_data/m311k/index.html for related

information.

Sources: Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million

Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table A3). Losses and Co-products: Calculated asbiodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production. Production: • 2001-2005—U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are derived fromquarterly data. • 2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils:

Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil 

addition, the EIA, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). • 2007—the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils: Production, Consumpticonsumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). • 2008—EIA, Monthly (release date April 2010), Table 10. • 2009—The 2009 annuvalues from EIA, Monthly Biodiesel Production Report, March 20April-December 2009 values from U.S. Department of Commeand Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for al(biodiesel). Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports 3824.90.40.20 (Fatty Esters Animal/Vegetable/Mixture), an3824.90.40.00 (Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture). Aother than biodiesel (such as those destined for soaps, cosmeticomponent. In the absence of other reliable data for biodiestimates. Stocks and Stock Change: • 2009—EIA PetroleuTable 1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. Balanciconsumption and biodiesel stock change minus biodieseConsumption: • 2001-2008—Calculated as biodiesel • 2009—Calculated as the sum of the monthly consumption datfrom EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, refinery and blendeethanol. Data for March-December 2009 are calculated as biominus biodiesel stock change.
Figure 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Co

Vehicles in Use, 1995-2008 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2008Fuel Consumption, 1995-2008 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2008294 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Ethanol, 85 percent (E85). Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as

alternative-fueled vehicles, primarily fleet-operated vehicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

3 Compressed natural gas.

4 Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Fewer than 0.5 thousand vehicles.(ss)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Source: Table 10.5.

247 265 280 295 322

395 425

471

534 565 592

635

696

776

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

200400600800

1,000

Thousand Vehicles

450

151

114

57

Ethanol1 LPG2 CNG 3 Electric

0

100200300400500

Thousand Vehicles

LNG 

278

297

315 326 305 325

352

382

403

429 421 418 415 430

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons

189

148

62

26

CNG 3 LPG2 Ethanol1 

0

50

100150200

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.5 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Fuel Consumption, 1992

Year

Alternative and Replacement Fuels 1

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent

(M85) 3

Methanol,

Neat

(M100) 4

Ethanol,

85 Percent

(E85) 3,5

Ethanol,

95 Percent

(E95) 3

Electricity 6 Hydro- gen Other Fuels 7 Subtotal

Oxygenates 

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 8 Ethanol 

Gasoho

Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use 11 (number)

1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA NA NA 1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA NA NA 1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA NA NA 1995 172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 0 0 246,855 NA NA 1996 175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 0 0 265,006 NA NA 1997 175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 0 0 280,205 NA NA 1998 177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 0 0 295,030 NA NA 1999 178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 0 0 322,302 NA NA 2000 181,994 100,750 2,090 10,426 0 87,570 4 11,830 0 0 394,664 NA NA 2001 185,053 111,851 2,576 7,827 0 100,303 0 17,847 0 0 425,457 NA NA 2002 187,680 120,839 2,708 5,873 0 120,951 0 33,047 0 0 471,098 NA NA 2003 190,369 114,406 2,640 0 0 179,090 0 47,485 9 0 533,999 NA NA 2004 182,864 118,532 2,717 0 0 211,800 0 49,536 43 0 565,492 NA NA 2005 173,795 117,699 2,748 0 0 246,363 0 51,398 119 3 592,125 NA NA 2006 164,846 116,131 2,798 0 0 297,099 0 53,526 159 3 634,562 NA NA 2007 158,254 114,391 2,781 0 0 364,384 0 55,730 223 3 695,766 NA NA 2008P 151,049 113,973 3,101 0 0 450,327 0 56,901 313 3 775,667 NA NA 

Fuel Consumption 12 (thousand gasoline-equivalent gallons)

1992 NA 17,159 598 1,121 2,672 22 87 359 NA NA NA 1,175,964 719,401993 NA 22,035 1,944 1,671 3,321 49 82 288 NA NA NA 2,070,897 779,951994 NA 24,643 2,398 2,455 3,347 82 144 430 NA NA NA 2,020,455 868,111995 233,178 35,865 2,821 2,122 2,255 195 1,021 663 0 0 278,121 2,693,407 934,611996 239,648 47,861 3,320 1,862 364 712 2,770 773 0 0 297,310 2,751,955 677,531997 238,845 66,495 3,798 1,630 364 1,314 1,166 1,010 0 0 314,621 3,106,745 852,511998 241,881 73,859 5,463 1,271 471 1,772 61 1,202 0 0 325,980 2,905,781 912,851999 210,247 81,211 5,959 1,126 469 4,019 64 1,524 0 0 304,618 3,405,390 975,252000 213,012 88,478 7,423 614 0 12,388 13 3,058 0 0 324,986 3,298,803 1,114,312001 216,319 106,584 9,122 461 0 15,007 0 4,066 0 0 351,558 3,354,949 1,173,322002 223,600 123,081 9,593 354 0 18,250 0 7,274 0 0 382,152 3,122,859 1,450,722003 224,697 133,222 13,503 0 0 26,376 0 5,141 2 0 402,941 2,368,400 1,919,572004 211,883 158,903 20,888 0 0 31,581 0 5,269 8 0 428,532 1,877,300 2,414,162005 188,171 166,878 22,409 0 0 38,074 0 5,219 25 2 420,778 1,654,500 2,756,662006 173,130 172,011 23,474 0 0 44,041 0 5,104 41 2 417,803 435,000 3,729,162007 152,360 178,565 24,594 0 0 54,091 0 5,037 66 2 414,715 R0 4,694,302008P 147,784 189,358 25,554 0 0 62,464 0 5,050 117 2 430,329 0 6,442,78

1 See "Alternative Fuel" and "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary. 2 See "Oxygenates" in Glossary. 3 Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 4 One hundred percent methanol. 5 Includes only those E85 vehicles believed to be used as alternative-fuels vehicles (AFVs), primarily

fleet-operated vechicles; excludes other vehicles with E85-fueling capability. In 1997, some vehiclemanufacturers began including E85-fueling capability in certain model lines of vehicles. For 2008, the U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that the number of E85 vehicles that are capable ofoperating on E85, motor gasoline, or both, is about 7.1 million. Many of these AFVs are sold and used astraditional gasoline-powered vehicles. 6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids. 7 May include P-Series fuel or any other fuel designated by the Secretary of Energy as an alternativefuel in acordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1995. 8 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).

9 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel.

10 "Biodiesel" may be used as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. See "Biodiesel"

in Glossary.

11 "Vehicles in Use" data represent accumulated acquisitions, less retirements, as of the end of each

calendar year; data do not include concept and demonstration 

end users. See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.

12 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common 

allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivdisplacement. Gasoline equivalent is computed by dividing the by the gross heat content of gasoline (using an approximate hmultiplying the result by the replacement fuel consumption value

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications Internationa

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final repo1996), and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficrevised by using gross instead of net heat contents. For a tablAlternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels: An Overview (J"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003 Estimated and unpublished revisions. Data were revised by using grosforward—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuelsunpublished revisions.
Figure 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2008 Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2008 Price of Total ShipmenNumber of U.S. Manufacturers by Type of Collector, 1974-1984 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, and 1986-2008296 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary. 2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. Special collectors–evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors–are included in the medium-temperature category.

3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 1

Notes: • Shipments are for domestic and export shipm

that subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign custfor 1985. 

Source: Table 10.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

1824

Million Square Feet

1990 1

0369

12

Dollars1 per Square Foot

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3456

Million Square Feet Imports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Exports

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300

Number

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

300600900

1,2001,5001,800

Thousand Square Feet Low-T

Co
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.6 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2008

 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Shi

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 4

(dollars 5 per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

1974 6 1,137 190 NA 39 137 4 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 233 NA 118 717 6 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204 NA 203 1,925 10 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91 NA 297 5,569 19 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85 NA 204 4,988 25 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100 NA 257 5,856 23 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 155 NA 250 7,165 29 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 116 NA 263 11,456 44 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 123 NA 248 11,145 45 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88 NA 179 11,975 67 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93 NA 206 11,939 58 NA 773 NA 17,191 19856 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 171 2.30 87 1,111 13 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263 2.18 50 957 19 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 416 2.24 45 732 16 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428 2.60 36 1,989 55 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 304 2.90 41 2,527 62 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349 2.90 41 989 24 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 387 2.50 34 897 26 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 464 2.80 33 931 28 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426 2.54 31 803 26 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487 2.32 26 840 32 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487 2.67 19 785 41 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579 2.60 21 606 29 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607 2.83 19 443 23 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627 2.08 20 427 21 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723 2.09 16 400 25 W 5 W 8,354 2001 10 10,919 1,092 2.15 17 268 16 W 2 W 11,189 2002 13 11,126 856 1.97 17 535 31 W 2 W 11,663 2003 12 10,877 906 2.08 17 560 33 W 7 W 11,444 2004 9 13,608 1,512 1.80 17 506 30 19.30 R – – – 14,114 2005 10 15,224 1,522 2.00 17 702 41 W 115 W 16,041 2006 11 15,546 1,413 1.95 35 1,346 38 W 3,852 W 20,744 2007 13 13,323 1,025 1.97 51 1,797 35 W 33 W 15,153 2008 11 14,015 1,274 1.89 62 2,560 41 W 388 11.96 16,963 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. High-temperature collector shipments are dominated by one manufacturer, and the collectors areused by the electric power sector to build new central station solar thermal power plants and generateelectricity. Year-to-year fluctations depend on how much new capacity is brought online.

4 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

5 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in 6 No data are available for 1985.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – = No data reported. – – = N

disclosure of proprietary company data. 

Notes: • Shipments data are for domestic and export sh

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. • type of collector are accounted for in both groups.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: • 1974-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Activity, annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermpredecessor forms. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewable Energy An"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and prSolar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities (and predecesEIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey."
Figure 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Domestic Shipments by Market Sector, End-Use, and Ty

End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type of Collector298 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1Combined space and water heating.2Process heating, space cooling, and electricity generation.3Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.4Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180

degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

5Collectors that generally operate at temperatures above 16Water heating and combined heating.7Space cooling, process heating, and electricity generation

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.7.

12.0

2.0

0.2 0.1 0.4

Pool Water Space Combined Other2

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

13.0

1.3

0.4

Residential Commercial Industrial and

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

11.9

Low- 

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

Heating Electric Power Temperature3 

Heating1 

Heating Heating

Heating Heating

11.9

2.0

0.2 0.1 0.1 

Pool Space Other Water Space Combined Pool 

048

12

16

Million Square Feet

(s) 

6

(s)

Heating Heating Heating1

Low-Temperature Collectors3 Medium-Temperature Collectors4 

Heating 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.7 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Market Sector, End Use, and Type, 2000-2008

 (Thousand Square Feet)

Year

and Type

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Commercial 

1 Industrial 2

Electric

Power 3 Other 4

Pool

Heating

Water

Heating

Space

Heating

Space

Cooling

Combined

Heating 5

P

Total Shipments 6

2000 Total .... 7,473 810 57 5 10 7,863 367 99 0 2 

 Low 7 .......... 7,102 786 52 0 9 7,836 0 92 0 0  Medium 8 .... 370 23 5 (s) 1 26 365 7 0 2  High 9 .......... 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 (s) 

2001 Total .... 10,125 1,012 17 1 35 10,797 274 70 0 12 

 Low 7 .......... 9,885 987 12 0 34 10,782 42 61 0 0  Medium 8 .... 240 24 5 0 1 16 232 9 0 12  High 9 .......... 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2002 Total .... 11,000 595 62 4 1 11,073 423 146 (s) 17 

 Low 7 .......... 10,519 524 2 0 0 11,045 1 0 0 0  Medium 8 .... 481 69 60 4 1 28 422 146 (s) 15  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 

2003 Total .... 10,506 864 71 0 2 10,800 511 76 (s) 23 

 Low 7 .......... 9,993 813 71 0 0 10,778 0 65 0 0  Medium 8 .... 513 44 0 0 2 22 511 11 (s) 16  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 

2004 Total .... 12,864 1,178 70 0 3 13,634 452 13 0 16 

 Low 7 .......... 12,386 1,178 44 0 0 13,600 0 8 0 0  Medium 8 .... 478 0 26 0 3 33 452 5 0 16  High 9 .......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2005 Total .... 14,681 1,160 31 114 56 15,041 640 228 2 16 

 Low 7 .......... 14,045 1,099 30 0 50 15,022 12 190 0 0  Medium 8 .... 636 58 1 0 6 20 628 38 0 16  High 9 .......... 0 2 0 114 0 0 0 0 2 0 

2006 Total .... 15,123 1,626 42 3,845 107 15,362 1,136 330 3 66 

 Low 7 .......... 13,906 1,500 40 0 100 15,225 10 290 0 21  Medium 8 .... 1,217 120 2 0 7 137 1,126 40 3 38  High 9 .......... 0 7 0 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 7 

Domestic Shipments 6

2007 Total .... 12,799 931 46 1 – 12,076 1,393 189 13 73 

 Low 7 .......... 11,352 633 – 1 – 11,917 4 63 – –  Medium 8 .... 1,447 298 18 – – 158 1,389 126 13 73  High 9 .......... – (s) 27 – – – (s) – – – 

2008 Total .... 13,000 1,294 128 294 – 11,973 1,978 186 18 148 

 Low 7 .......... 10,983 918 – – – 11,880 8 10 – 2  Medium 8 .... 2,017 376 33 6 – 93 1,971 176 18 141  High 9 .......... – – 95 289 – – – – – 5 

1 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in "Other."

Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 2 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in

2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 3 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 4 Through 2006, data are for other sectors such as government, including the military, but excludingspace applications. Beginning in 2007, data are for the transportation sector. 5 Combined space and water heating. 6 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports thatsubsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. Beginning in 2007, data are for domesticshipments only. 7 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below110° F. 8 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperature

range of 140° F to 180° F, but can also operate at temperature

included in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tcollectors. They operate in the temperature range from just abofor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (hispecialized industrial processes). 9 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors tha180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarelectricity for the electric grid.

– = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feetNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 2000-2002—U.S. Energy Information Adminis

annual reports, and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Cforward—EIA, Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturing Activities and Form EIA-63A, "Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufactur
Figure 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2008 Total Shipments, 1982-Trade, 1983-2008 Prices, 1989-2008300 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: Shipments are for domestic and export shipments, and may include imports that

subsequently were shipped to domestic and foreign customers. 

Source: Table 10.8.

19 18

23

15 17 17 14 17 19

23 21 19 22 24 25 21 21 19 21 19 19 20 19

29

41

46

66

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

10203040506070

Number

Imports

1985 199

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400500600700

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 

0

1

2

34567

Dollars1 per Peak Watt

Exports
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.8 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2008

Year

U.S. Companies

Reporting

Shipments

Shipments Trade 

Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Silicon Total 2 Imports Exports Mo

Number Peak Kilowatts 3 

1982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA 1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 1990 519 12,492 1,321 513,837 1,398 7,544 1991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 1992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 1993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 1994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 1995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 1996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 1997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 1998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 1999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 R55,585 2000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 2001 19 84,651 12,541 97,666 10,204 61,356 2002 19 104,123 7,396 112,090 7,297 66,778 2003 20 97,940 10,966 109,357 9,731 60,693 2004 19 159,138 21,978 181,116 47,703 102,770 2005 29 172,965 53,826 226,916 90,981 92,451 2006 41 233,518 101,766 337,268 173,977 130,757 2007 46 310,330 202,519 517,684 238,018 237,209 2008 66 665,795 293,182 986,504 586,558 462,252 

1 Prices equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges for advertising and

warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for the shipments.

2 Includes all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon, ribbon silicon,

thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon). Excludes cells and modules for space and satellite applications. 3 See "Peak Kilowatt" and "Peak Watt" in Glossary. 4 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 5 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the industry during 1990.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: Shipments data are for domestic and export ship

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: • 1982-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Activity, annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renewa• 2003 forward—EIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufactuannual reports.
Figure 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Domestic Shipments by Market Sector and End Us

By End UseBy Market Sector302 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Electricity for general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system.2 Industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in “Electric Power.”

3 Electric utilities and independent power producers.

Source: Table 10.9. 

500.9

15.5 2.7 2.6 1.1 0.9 0

Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Original Communications Water Transportation Cons

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Electric Generation Equipment

Manufacturers

Generation1 Pumping Go

253.9

174.0

51.5

35.8

Commercial Residential Industrial2 Electric Power3 

0

50

100150200250300

Thousand Peak Kilowatts
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 10.9 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Market Sector and End Use, 1989-2008

 (Peak Kilowatts 1 )

Year

By Market Sector By End Use

Residential Com- mercial 3 Govern- ment Indus- trial 4 Trans- portation Electric Power 5 Other 6 Commun- ications Consumer Goods

Electricity Generation 2

Health

Original

Equipment

Manufacturers 7 Tran

porta

Grid- Interactive Remote 

Total Shipments 9

1989 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,130 785 551 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,1990 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 974 826 432 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,1991 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,555 1,275 377 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,1992 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,673 1,553 477 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,1993 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,564 1,503 856 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,1994 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,174 2,364 510 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,1995 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,383 3,759 1,347 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,1996 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,995 4,753 1,639 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,1997 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,574 5,651 2,367 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,1998 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,440 3,965 2,720 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,1999 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,341 5,876 1,392 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,42000 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,502 6,298 4,690 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,2001 33,262 15,710 5,728 28,063 8,486 5,846 571 14,743 4,059 27,226 21,447 3,203 6,268 12,2002 29,315 20,578 8,565 32,218 12,932 7,640 841 17,290 3,400 33,983 21,693 4,202 7,869 16,2003 23,389 32,604 5,538 27,951 11,089 8,474 313 14,185 2,995 42,485 15,025 2,924 11,334 14,2004 53,928 74,509 3,257 30,493 1,380 3,233 14,316 11,348 6,444 129,265 18,371 341 6,452 1,2005 75,040 89,459 28,683 22,199 1,621 143 9,772 8,666 5,787 168,474 24,958 0 11,677 2,2006 95,815 180,852 7,688 28,618 2,458 3,981 17,857 6,888 4,030 274,197 18,003 0 6,132 2,4

Domestic Shipments 9

2007 68,417 10140,434 10 ( ) 32,702 3,627 35,294 – – 2,836 589 253,101 10,867 410 4,802 4,2008 173,989 10253,852 10 ( ) 51,493 9,100 35,819 – – 2,622 312 500,854 15,527 217 2,659 

1 See "Peak Killowatt" in Glossary. 2 Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity for

general use that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation, but only for thespecific use cited.

3 Through 2006, data are for the commercial sector, excluding government, which is included in

"Government." Beginning in 2007, data are for the commercial sector, including government. 4 Through 2006, data are for the industrial sector and independent power producers. Beginning in2007, data are for the industrial sector only; independent power producers are included in "Electric Power." 

5 Through 2006, data are for electric utilities only; independent power producers are included in

"Industrial." Beginning in 2007, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 6 Through 2006, data are for shipments for specialty purposes such as research. 7 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic

technology into existing or newly developed product lines. 8 Through 2006, includes applications such as cooking food, 

9 Through 2006, data are for domestic and export sh

subsequently were shipped to domestic or foreign customers. shipments only.

10 Beginning in 2007, the government sector is included in "Co

– – = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1992—U.S. Energy Information Administr

Activity, annual reports. • 1993-2002—EIA, Renew• 2003 forward—EIA, Solar Photovoltaic Cell/Module Manufacannual reports.
Renewable Energy

Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Table 10.1, renewable energy consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricitynet generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), andgeothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plantsheat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from biogenicsources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; andlosses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Production is assumed to equal consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanoland biodiesel).Table 10.2a SourcesResidential Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Residential Sector, Solar/PV: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates based onForm EIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey,” andForm EIA-63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.”Residential Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457,“Residential Energy Consumption Survey”; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based onForm EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data.Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: EIA, Annual Energy Review (AER),

Tables 8.2d and A6.Commercial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-HeatCenter.Commercial Sector, Solar/PV: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and A6.

Commercial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood EnergyConsumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984: EIA, CNEAF, estimate. • 1985–1988: Values interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c;and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial BuildingsEnergy Consumption Survey.”Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste: EIA, AER, Table 8.7c.

Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denatur

5.13a, and 10.3. Calculated as commercial sector (Table 5.13a) divided by total motor gasoline produthen multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) coTable 10.2b SourcesIndustrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power: • 1949–

and A6. • 1989 forward: EIA, AER, Tables 8.2d and 

Industrial Sector, Geothermal: Oregon InstituCenter.Industrial Sector, Wood: • 1949–1979: EIA, E

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980–Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 a• 1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in Table 2. • 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forwaEIA, CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-Consumption Survey.”Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste: • 1981: EIConsumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumptiowaste consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1982 

mates for total waste consumption minus electric po(see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1984: EIA, Estimates 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus consumption (see AER, Table 10.2c). • 1985 and 1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumpti

consumption minus electric power sector waste consu

• 1988: Value interpolated. • 1989 forward: EIACNEAF, estimates based on information presented iciates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane Re

tion provided by the U.S. Environmental ProtectioOutreach Program.Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denatura

5.13b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector moto5.13b) divided by total motor gasoline product sumultiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumIndustrial Sector, Losses and Co-products: EIA, A

Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Den5.11, 5.13c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation stion (Table 5.13c) divided by total motor gasoline and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturantTransportation Sector, Biodiesel: EIA, AER , Tabl

304 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
International Energy

Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

11
Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source

Total and Crude Oil and NGPL1, 1970-2007 By Source, 2007By Source, 1970-2007306 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

and NGPL1 Gas electr

Powe

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for United States also

include other renewable energy. 3 Net electricity generation from hydroelectric power, geothermal, wood, waste, solar, and

wind. Data for the United States also include other renewaNote: Crude oil includes lease condensate. Source: Table 11.1.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400500

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Crude Oil and NGPL1

168

133

109

30 

Crude Oil Coal Natural Hydr

0

306090

120150180

Quadrillion Btu

Crude Oil and NGPL1

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy3

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 20

0

4590

135180

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2007

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1 Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids

Nuclear Electric

Power 3

Hydroelectric

Power 3

Geo

an

1970 62.96 37.09 97.09 3.61 0.90 12.15 1971 61.72 39.80 102.70 3.85 1.23 12.74 1972 63.65 42.08 108.52 4.09 1.66 13.31 1973 63.87 44.44 117.88 4.23 2.15 13.52 1974 63.79 45.35 117.82 4.22 2.86 14.84 1975 66.20 45.67 113.08 4.12 3.85 15.03 1976 67.32 47.62 122.92 4.24 4.52 15.08 1977 68.46 48.85 127.75 4.40 5.41 15.56 1978 69.56 50.26 128.51 4.55 6.42 16.80 1979 73.83 53.93 133.87 4.87 6.69 17.69 1980 R71.17 R54.76 128.04 5.10 7.58 17.90 1981 R71.65 R55.57 120.11 5.37 8.53 18.26 1982 R74.20 55.49 114.45 5.35 9.51 18.71 1983 74.33 R56.11 113.98 5.36 10.72 19.69 1984 R78.55 R61.76 116.88 5.73 12.99 20.19 1985 R82.25 R64.12 115.37 5.83 15.30 R20.39 1986 R84.25 R65.33 120.18 6.15 16.25 R20.81 1987 86.10 R68.46 121.08 6.35 17.64 R20.80 1988 R88.16 R71.85 125.84 6.65 19.23 R21.40 1989 R89.43 R74.28 127.83 6.69 19.74 R21.49 1990 R90.88 R76.14 129.35 6.87 20.36 R22.31 1991 R86.33 R76.98 128.73 7.12 21.18 R22.78 1992 R85.79 R77.21 128.93 7.17 21.28 R22.63 1993 R84.05 78.59 128.72 7.47 22.01 R23.85 1994 R85.98 79.35 130.69 8.10 22.41 R24.10 1995 R87.99 80.42 133.43 8.40 23.26 R25.29 1996 R88.49 R84.19 136.73 8.59 24.11 R25.74 1997 R92.14 84.11 140.63 8.79 23.88 R26.01 1998 R90.76 85.75 143.24 9.02 24.32 R26.00 1999 R89.85 87.66 140.95 9.26 25.09 R26.50 2000 R89.10 R90.96 R146.82 9.63 25.65 R26.73 2001 R93.87 R92.84 145.57 10.10 26.39 R26.50 2002 R97.58 R95.87 R143.52 10.28 26.67 R26.46 2003 R105.30 R97.64 R148.40 10.74 26.37 R26.73 2004 R116.60 R100.14 R155.35 11.10 27.32 R27.84 2005 R123.03 R103.24 R157.63 11.47 27.54 R28.91 2006 R127.60 R106.65 R157.02 11.68 27.76 R29.74 2007P 132.73 108.98 156.00 11.89 27.10 29.64 

1 Dry production. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use. 4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also

include other renewable energy. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for

other countries (see http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIn

Energy Production," at end of section. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: • 1970-1979—U.S. Energy Information Administra

• 1980 forward—EIA, International Energy Statistics, March 9, 2
Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country

World and Top Producing Countries, 1998-2007 By Region, 1998-2007Top Producing Countries, 2007308 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. 

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.2.

Africa

North America

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100200300400500

Quadrillion Btu

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

0

255075

100125150

Quadrillion Btu

Cen

Russia

World

China

United States

States

Arabia

71.5 70.8

54.0

23.8

19.4

13.1 13.0 11.9 10.9 9.9 9.

United China Russia Saudi Canada India Iran Australia Indonesia Norway Mex

0

20406080

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1998-2007

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200

North America ............................................. 99.78 98.64 98.95 99.45 100.10 98.65 R99.32 R98

 Canada ....................................................... 17.43 17.68 18.12 18.02 18.35 18.30 R18.66 18 Mexico ........................................................ 9.31 9.06 9.34 9.54 10.81 10.08 10.28 10 United States .............................................. 73.04 71.91 71.49 71.89 70.94 70.26 70.38 R69

Central and South America ....................... R24.74 24.46 R26.00 R25.93 R25.26 R25.69 R27.04 R28

 Brazil ........................................................... R5.47 R5.87 R6.35 R6.14 R6.70 R7.05 R7.14 R7 Venezuela ................................................... 9.45 8.54 9.37 9.23 8.16 7.32 8.06 8 Other ........................................................... 9.82 10.04 10.27 R10.56 R10.40 R11.32 R11.84 R12

Europe 1 ....................................................... R50.51 R50.90 R50.68 R51.30 R51.08 R50.42 R50.33 R48

 France ........................................................ 4.78 4.92 5.02 5.14 5.13 5.15 5.17 5 Germany ..................................................... 5.26 5.31 5.32 5.28 5.30 5.28 5.36 5 Netherlands ................................................ 2.77 2.56 2.47 2.63 2.62 2.53 2.94 R2 Norway ....................................................... 9.33 9.53 10.27 10.28 10.69 10.64 10.76 10 Poland ........................................................ 3.36 3.50 3.06 R3.07 3.08 R3.06 R3.04 R2 United Kingdom .......................................... 11.53 11.89 11.08 R11.15 R11.00 10.55 R9.48 R8 Other ........................................................... R13.49 R13.18 R13.45 R13.74 R13.27 R13.21 R13.58 R13

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... R50.46 R52.86 R55.40 R57.10 R59.06 R62.88 R66.07 R68

 Kazakhstan ................................................. 2.43 2.63 3.32 3.69 3.98 4.41 5.08 5 Russia ......................................................... R40.39 R42.05 R43.00 R43.93 R45.52 R48.46 R50.92 R52 Ukraine ....................................................... 3.03 3.08 3.07 3.08 3.07 3.22 3.22 3 Other ........................................................... R4.60 R5.09 R6.00 6.41 6.49 6.80 6.86 7

Middle East .................................................. 54.88 53.80 57.48 56.16 54.24 57.58 62.15 65

 Iran ............................................................. 9.90 10.00 10.40 10.67 10.45 11.36 12.06 13 Iraq ............................................................. 4.71 R5.48 5.62 5.22 4.42 2.84 4.38 4 Kuwait ......................................................... 5.02 4.60 5.04 4.81 4.58 5.14 5.71 6 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 21.42 20.18 21.59 20.95 20.27 23.05 24.16 25 United Arab Emirates ................................. 6.61 6.25 6.77 6.59 6.50 7.13 7.42 7 Other ........................................................... 7.24 7.29 8.06 7.92 8.02 8.05 8.42 8

Africa ........................................................... 26.27 26.58 27.79 28.05 28.02 30.17 32.05 R34

 Algeria ........................................................ 5.75 6.03 6.29 6.26 6.30 7.00 7.14 7 Libya ........................................................... 3.26 3.07 3.30 3.21 3.11 3.30 3.61 4 Nigeria ........................................................ 4.90 4.89 5.18 5.45 5.16 5.71 5.90 6 South Africa ................................................ 5.52 5.43 5.58 5.62 5.52 5.91 6.06 6 Other ........................................................... 6.83 7.15 7.44 7.51 7.93 8.24 9.33 R10

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... R77.49 R77.35 R78.06 R82.58 R88.26 R95.88 R107.98 R115

 Australia ...................................................... 8.67 8.86 9.68 10.26 R10.49 R10.34 R10.54 R11 China .......................................................... R36.39 R34.99 R34.20 R37.51 R42.85 R49.44 R59.38 R64 India ............................................................ 9.37 9.58 9.83 10.29 R9.95 R10.51 R11.10 R11 Indonesia .................................................... 7.56 8.02 R7.73 R7.60 R7.86 R8.09 R8.24 R8 Japan .......................................................... 4.72 4.50 4.54 4.50 4.20 3.77 R4.17 R4 Malaysia ..................................................... 3.14 3.16 R3.31 R3.34 R3.43 R3.66 R3.77 R3 Other ........................................................... R7.64 R8.24 R8.76 R9.09 R9.49 R10.07 R10.78 R11

World .......................................................... R384.13 R384.58 R394.35 R400.58 R406.01 R421.27 R444.94 R459

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.2) or for

other countries (see http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • See Note 1, "World Primary

Energy Production," at end of section. • World primary energy 

(including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, dry generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, biand wave, and wind. Data for the United States also include oequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International 
Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1998-2007 U.S. Share of World, 2007Regional Consumption Shares, 2007 Production and Consumption by Region, 2007310 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and D1.

Production

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100200300400500

Quadrillion Btu

4.6

15.0

Population Energy 

05

10152025

Percent

Russia

World

China

United States

Europe1

34%

25%

18%

10%

5%

5%

3%

123

25

86

46

101

29

46

72

North Central Europe1 Eurasia2 

0

255075

100125150175

Quadrillion Btu

Production Cons

America

Central and

South America

Eurasia2

North

 America

Middle East

Africa

and South

America

Asia

and

Oceania1
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1998-2007

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200

North America ............................................. R113.54 R115.83 118.26 115.36 R117.22 R118.17 R120.73 R121

 Canada ....................................................... 12.37 12.96 12.95 12.76 R13.10 R13.53 13.84 R14 Mexico ........................................................ 5.96 6.04 6.32 6.26 6.25 6.42 6.53 R6 United States .............................................. 95.18 96.82 98.98 96.33 97.86 98.21 100.35 R100 Other ........................................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 

Central and South America ....................... R20.11 20.27 R20.81 R21.12 R21.09 R21.58 R22.41 R23

 Argentina .................................................... 2.58 R2.60 2.67 2.61 2.48 2.67 2.78 2 Brazil ........................................................... R8.11 R8.25 R8.53 R8.43 R8.55 R8.66 R8.99 R9 Venezuela ................................................... 2.85 2.73 2.77 3.03 2.93 R2.73 2.93 3 Other ........................................................... R6.58 R6.68 6.85 7.05 7.13 R7.53 7.71 R7

Europe 1 ....................................................... R80.22 R80.29 R81.33 R82.56 R82.30 R83.98 R85.37 R85

 Belgium ....................................................... 2.70 2.66 2.73 2.70 2.68 2.78 2.81 2 France ........................................................ 10.58 10.71 10.85 11.08 11.00 11.11 R11.30 R11 Germany ..................................................... 14.34 14.13 14.26 14.62 14.33 14.59 R14.70 R14 Italy ............................................................. 7.43 7.56 7.63 7.67 7.70 7.99 8.08 8 Netherlands ................................................ 3.70 3.69 3.79 3.93 3.94 4.00 4.11 R4 Poland ........................................................ 3.85 3.98 3.62 3.45 3.44 R3.57 3.70 3 Spain .......................................................... 4.99 5.26 5.62 5.87 5.95 6.26 6.39 R6 Sweden ....................................................... 2.40 2.37 2.27 2.40 2.27 2.17 R2.31 2 Turkey ......................................................... 3.00 2.91 3.16 2.89 3.15 3.32 3.51 R3 United Kingdom .......................................... 9.74 9.79 9.72 R9.88 R9.75 9.86 R9.91 R9 Other ........................................................... R17.49 R17.25 R17.66 R18.05 R18.10 R18.33 R18.55 R18

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... R38.53 R39.59 R40.36 R40.45 R41.31 R43.10 R44.46 R45

 Russia ......................................................... R25.72 R26.78 R27.22 R27.23 R27.68 R28.51 R29.37 R29 Ukraine ....................................................... 5.85 5.76 5.75 5.64 5.82 6.28 6.26 R6 Uzbekistan .................................................. 1.84 1.86 1.94 2.03 2.08 2.10 2.22 2 Other ........................................................... 5.11 5.19 5.45 5.55 R5.73 R6.20 R6.61 7

Middle East .................................................. R16.29 R16.64 R17.34 R17.97 R19.00 R19.79 R20.93 R22

 Iran ............................................................. 4.58 4.83 5.01 5.39 5.89 6.18 6.39 7 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 4.54 4.60 4.85 5.14 5.38 5.76 6.21 6 Other ........................................................... R7.16 R7.20 R7.48 R7.45 R7.73 R7.85 R8.33 R8

Africa ........................................................... 11.30 11.62 R12.04 R12.64 12.72 13.36 R13.98 R14

 Egypt .......................................................... 1.85 1.92 R2.01 2.23 2.26 R2.43 R2.58 R2 South Africa ................................................ 4.35 4.46 4.59 4.66 4.54 4.88 5.21 5 Other ........................................................... 5.10 R5.24 5.44 5.74 R5.92 R6.05 6.18 6

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... R101.75 R104.47 R106.43 R109.82 R116.46 R125.33 R140.52 R148

 Australia ...................................................... 4.59 4.82 4.85 5.02 R5.12 R5.13 R5.28 R5 China .......................................................... R37.04 R36.51 R36.35 R38.41 R43.91 R51.16 R62.92 R68 India ............................................................ 12.17 12.99 13.46 13.94 R13.75 R14.20 R15.35 R16 Indonesia .................................................... 3.56 3.91 R3.92 R3.97 R4.18 R4.11 R4.19 R4 Japan .......................................................... 21.52 21.97 22.43 22.24 22.15 22.15 R22.79 R22 Malaysia ..................................................... 1.69 1.74 R1.98 R2.09 2.18 R2.27 R2.32 R2 South Korea ................................................ R6.90 R7.47 R7.84 8.10 R8.40 R8.65 8.91 9 Taiwan ........................................................ R3.36 R3.53 R3.75 R3.84 4.02 R4.20 R4.37 R4 Thailand ...................................................... 2.44 2.50 2.58 2.70 2.94 3.22 3.45 3 Other ........................................................... R8.48 R9.02 R9.26 R9.50 R9.81 R10.24 R10.94 R11

World .......................................................... R381.73 R388.69 R396.58 R399.91 R410.10 R425.31 R448.41 R461

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do not include recent updates for the United States (see Table 1.3) or for

other countries (see http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • World primary energy

consumption includes consumption of petroleum products (inclu

burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric solar, tide, and wave, and wind. It also includes, for the Unienergy by the end-use sectors. • Totals may not equal sum of c

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International 
Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009

Crude Oil Reserves Crude Oil Reserves by CountryNatural Gas Reserves Natural Gas Reserves by Country312 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Includes 172.7 billion barrels of bitumen in oil sands in Alberta, Canada.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

4Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the r

between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

 Source: Table 11.4.

267

178

136

115

104 9

Saudi Canada1 Iran Iraq Kuwait Ve

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Barrels

208

123

14

99

746

117

34

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 Middle Africa Asia and

0

200400600800

Billion Barrels

and South zue

America

Arabia4 

East

4

Oceania2 America1

316 267 169

1,994

2,592

494 430

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 Middle Africa Asia and

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

1,680

992

892

259 245 214 

Russia Iran Qatar Saudi United Unite

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

and South

America

Arabia States 4 America East Ara

Emira

Oceania2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2009

Region and Country

Crude Oil Natural Gas

Region and Country

Crude Oil 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet Billion Barrels 

North America ................................. 207.7 315.7 Middle East ..................................... 746.0 

 Canada ........................................... 1178.1 57.9 Bahrain .......................................... .1  Mexico ............................................ 10.5 13.2 Iran ................................................ 136.2  United States .................................. 19.1 244.7 Iraq ................................................ 115.0  Kuwait 5.......................................... 104.0 

Central and South America ........... 122.7 266.5 Oman ............................................ 5.5 

 Argentina ........................................ 2.6 15.6 Qatar ............................................. 15.2  Bolivia ............................................. .5 26.5 Saudi Arabia 5................................ 266.7  Brazil ............................................... 12.6 12.9 Syria ............................................ 2.5  Chile ............................................... .2 3.5 United Arab Emirates ................... 97.8  Colombia ........................................ 1.4 3.7 Yemen .......................................... 3.0  Cuba ............................................... .1 2.5 Other 2........................................... (s)  Ecuador .......................................... 4.7 0.3  Peru ................................................ .4 11.8 Africa .............................................. 117.1  Trinidad and Tobago ...................... .7 18.8 Algeria ........................................... 12.2  Venezuela ....................................... 99.4 170.9 Angola ........................................... 9.0  Other 2 ............................................ .2 (s) Cameroon ...................................... .2  Congo (Brazzaville) ....................... 1.6 

Europe 3 ........................................... 13.7 169.1 Egypt ............................................. 3.7 

 Austria ............................................ .1 .6 Equatorial Guinea .......................... 1.1  Croatia ............................................ .1 1.1 Gabon ............................................ 2.0  Denmark ......................................... 1.1 2.2 Libya .............................................. 43.7  Germany ......................................... .3 6.2 Mozambique .................................. .0  Hungary .......................................... (s) .3 Nigeria ........................................... 36.2  Italy ................................................. .4 3.3 Sudan ............................................ 5.0  Netherlands .................................... .1 50.0 Tunisia ........................................... .4  Norway ........................................... 6.7 81.7 Other 2............................................ 1.9  Poland ............................................ .1 5.8  Romania ......................................... .6 2.2 Asia and Oceania 3......................... 34.0  Serbia ............................................. .1 1.7 Australia ......................................... 1.5  United Kingdom .............................. 3.4 12.1 Bangladesh .................................... (s)  Other 2 ............................................ .8 1.9 Brunei ............................................ 1.1  Burma ............................................ .1 

Eurasia 4 .......................................... 98.9 1,993.8 China ............................................. 16.0 

 Azerbaijan ....................................... 7.0 30.0 India ............................................... 5.6  Kazakhstan ..................................... 30.0 85.0 Indonesia ....................................... 4.0  Russia ............................................ 60.0 1,680.0 Japan ............................................. (s)  Turkmenistan .................................. .6 94.0 Malaysia ........................................ 4.0  Ukraine ........................................... .4 39.0 New Zealand ................................. .1  Uzbekistan ...................................... .6 65.0 Pakistan ........................................ .3  Other 2 ............................................ .3 .8 Papua New Guinea ....................... .1  Thailand ......................................... .4  Vietnam ......................................... .6  Other 2........................................... .1 

World ............................................ 1,340.0 

1 Comprises 5.4 billion barrels of conventional crude oil and condensate and 172.7 billion barrels of

bitumen in Alberta’s oil sands.

2 Includes data for those countries not separately reported. 3 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 4 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

5 Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait

and Saudi Arabia.

(s)=Less than 0.05. Notes: • All reserve figures are proved reserves, except a

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: U.S. Energy Information Adminis

Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2008 Annual Report. All OtheJournal, Vol. 106.48 (December 22, 2008).
Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production

World and OPEC, 1960-2009 OPEC’s Share of World, 1960-2009 Top Producing CountrTop Producing Countries, 2009314 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Source: Table 11.5.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Percent

United

States

Fo

1960 1970 19

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day42% in 2009 

World

Peak: 53%

in 1973

OPEC

9.5

8.3

5.3

4.0 3.8

2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 

Russia Saudi United Iran China Mexico Canada United Iraq Kuwait Venezuela Ni

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Arab 

Emirates

Arabia States
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2009

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers

Iran Iraq Kuwait 3 Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Canada China Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

U

Kin

1960 5.27 1.07 0.97 1.69 0.02 1.31 0.00 2.85 8.27 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.00 2.91 – – 1961 5.65 1.20 1.01 1.74 .05 1.48 .00 2.92 8.93 .61 .11 .29 .00 3.28 – – 1962 6.19 1.33 1.01 1.96 .07 1.64 .01 3.20 10.05 .67 .12 .31 .00 3.67 – – 1963 6.82 1.49 1.16 2.10 .08 1.79 .05 3.25 11.07 .71 .13 .31 .00 4.07 – – 1964 7.61 1.71 1.26 2.30 .12 1.90 .19 3.39 12.52 .75 .18 .32 .00 4.60 – – 1965 8.37 1.91 1.32 2.36 .27 2.21 .28 3.47 13.86 .81 .23 .32 .00 4.79 – – 1966 9.32 2.13 1.39 2.48 .42 2.60 .36 3.37 15.29 .88 .29 .33 .00 5.23 – – 1967 9.91 2.60 1.23 2.50 .32 2.81 .38 3.54 16.29 .96 .28 .36 .00 5.68 – – 1968 10.91 2.84 1.50 2.61 .14 3.04 .50 3.60 18.11 1.19 .30 .39 .00 6.08 – – 1969 11.95 3.38 1.52 2.77 .54 3.22 .63 3.59 20.11 1.13 .48 .46 .00 6.48 – – 1970 13.39 3.83 1.55 2.99 1.08 3.80 .78 3.71 22.56 1.26 .60 .49 .00 6.99 – – 1971 15.77 4.54 1.69 3.20 1.53 4.77 1.06 3.55 24.41 1.35 .78 .49 .01 7.48 – – 1972 17.54 5.02 1.47 3.28 1.82 6.02 1.20 3.22 26.03 1.53 .90 .51 .03 7.89 – – 1973 20.67 5.86 2.02 3.02 2.05 7.60 1.53 3.37 29.66 1.80 1.09 .47 .03 8.32 – – 1974 21.28 6.02 1.97 2.55 2.26 8.48 1.68 2.98 29.32 1.55 1.32 .57 .04 8.91 – – 1975 18.93 5.35 2.26 2.08 1.78 7.08 1.66 2.35 25.79 1.43 1.49 .71 .19 9.52 – – 1976 21.51 5.88 2.42 2.15 2.07 8.58 1.94 2.29 29.12 1.31 1.67 .83 .28 10.06 – – 1977 21.73 5.66 2.35 1.97 2.09 9.25 2.00 2.24 29.58 1.32 1.87 .98 .28 10.60 – – 1978 20.61 5.24 2.56 2.13 1.90 8.30 1.83 2.17 28.16 1.32 2.08 1.21 .36 11.11 – – 1979 21.07 3.17 3.48 2.50 2.30 9.53 1.83 2.36 29.35 1.50 2.12 1.46 .40 11.38 – – 1980 17.96 1.66 2.51 1.66 2.06 9.90 1.71 2.17 25.38 1.44 2.11 1.94 .49 11.71 – – 1981 15.25 1.38 1.00 1.13 1.43 9.82 1.47 2.10 21.22 1.29 2.01 2.31 .47 11.85 – – 1982 12.16 2.21 1.01 .82 1.30 6.48 1.25 1.90 17.77 1.27 2.05 2.75 .49 11.91 – – 1983 11.08 2.44 1.01 1.06 1.24 5.09 1.15 1.80 16.57 1.36 2.12 2.69 .61 11.97 – – 1984 10.78 2.17 1.21 1.16 1.39 4.66 1.15 1.80 16.50 1.44 2.30 2.78 .71 11.86 – – 1985 9.63 2.25 1.43 1.02 1.50 3.39 1.19 1.68 15.37 1.47 2.51 2.75 .77 11.59 – – 1986 11.70 2.04 1.69 1.42 1.47 4.87 1.33 1.79 17.46 1.47 2.62 2.44 .84 11.90 – – 1987 12.10 2.30 2.08 1.59 1.34 4.27 1.54 1.75 17.71 1.54 2.69 2.55 .98 12.05 – – 1988 13.46 2.24 2.69 1.49 1.45 5.09 1.57 1.90 19.74 1.62 2.73 2.51 1.11 12.05 – – 1989 14.84 2.81 2.90 1.78 1.72 5.06 1.86 1.91 21.40 1.56 2.76 2.52 1.48 11.72 – – 1990 15.28 3.09 2.04 1.18 1.81 6.41 2.12 2.14 22.49 1.55 2.77 2.55 1.63 10.98 – – 1991 14.74 3.31 .31 .19 1.89 8.12 2.39 2.38 22.48 1.55 2.84 2.68 1.87 9.99 – – 1992 15.97 3.43 .43 1.06 1.94 8.33 2.27 2.37 23.74 1.61 2.85 2.67 2.13 – – 7.63 1993 16.71 3.54 .51 1.85 1.96 8.20 2.16 2.45 24.46 1.68 2.89 2.67 2.28 – – 6.73 1994 16.96 3.62 .55 2.03 1.93 8.12 2.19 2.59 24.90 1.75 2.94 2.69 2.57 – – 6.14 1995 17.21 3.64 .56 2.06 1.99 8.23 2.23 2.75 25.54 1.81 2.99 2.62 2.77 – – 6.00 1996 17.37 3.69 .58 2.06 2.00 8.22 2.28 2.94 26.02 1.84 3.13 2.86 3.09 – – 5.85 1997 18.10 3.66 1.16 2.01 2.13 8.36 2.32 3.28 27.29 1.92 3.20 3.02 3.14 – – 5.92 1998 19.34 3.63 2.15 2.09 2.15 8.39 2.35 3.17 28.37 1.98 3.20 3.07 3.01 – – 5.85 1999 18.67 3.56 2.51 1.90 2.13 7.83 2.17 2.83 27.22 1.91 3.20 2.91 3.02 – – 6.08 2000 19.89 3.70 2.57 2.08 2.17 8.40 2.37 3.16 28.98 1.98 3.25 3.01 3.22 – – 6.48 2001 19.10 3.72 2.39 2.00 2.26 8.03 2.21 3.01 28.16 2.03 3.30 3.13 3.23 – – 6.92 2002 17.79 3.44 2.02 1.89 2.12 7.63 2.08 2.60 26.39 2.17 3.39 3.18 3.13 – – 7.41 2003 19.06 3.74 1.31 2.14 2.28 8.78 2.35 2.34 27.98 2.31 3.41 3.37 3.04 – – 8.13 2004 20.79 4.00 2.01 2.38 2.33 9.10 2.48 2.56 30.41 2.40 3.49 3.38 2.95 – – 8.80 2005 21.50 4.14 1.88 2.53 2.63 9.55 2.54 2.56 31.87 2.37 3.61 3.33 2.70 – – 9.04 2006 21.23 4.03 2.00 2.54 2.44 9.15 2.64 2.51 31.59 2.53 3.67 3.26 2.49 – – 9.25 2007 20.67 3.91 2.09 2.46 2.35 8.72 2.60 2.43 31.21 R2.63 3.73 3.08 2.27 – – 9.44 2008 R21.91 R4.05 R2.38 2.59 2.17 9.26 2.68 2.39 R32.48 R2.60 3.79 2.79 2.18 – – 9.36 2009P 20.40 4.04 2.39 2.35 2.21 8.25 2.41 2.24 30.65 2.56 3.80 2.60 2.07 – – 9.50 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries

are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,2009. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and the Neutral Zone (betweenKuwait and Saudi Arabia).

3 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 4 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,

Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait andSaudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day. Notes: • Data are for crude oil, including extra heavy crude oil, lease condensate, and liquids processed

from Canadian oil sands; they exclude natural gas plant liquids. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/international.Sources: Selected OPEC Producers: • 1960-1972—OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin 1979.

• 1973-1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1980-2008—2010. • 2009—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER) • 1960-1972—Central Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. and the International Energy Database. • 1980-2008—EIA, In• 2009—EIA, MER (April 2010), Table 11.1b. Former U.SStatistical Office, Narodnoye Khozyaystvo SSSR (National International Petroleum Monthly, February 2001, Table 4.1c. Statistics, April 7, 2010. Russia:• 1992-2008—EIA, Inter• 2009—EIA, MER (April 2010), Table 11.1b. United • 1960-1969—Bureau of Mines, International Petroleum AnnuaPetroleum Annual, 1978. • 1973-1979—EIA, IEA, annual repo• 1980-2008—EIA, International Energy Statistics, April 7, 201011.1a and 11.1b.
Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Crude Oil and NGPL1 Production, 1973-2009 World and OPEC NGPL1 Production, 1973-2009

Top NGPL1 Producing Countries, 2009

316 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries. 

Sources: Tables 11.5 and 11.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

NGPL1

Crude Oil

1975 1980 1985 1990 199

0369

Million Barrels per Day 11% of Crude Oil in 2009 World 

OPEC

1,886

1,427

635

423 373 370 345

276 263 215

United Saudi Canada Russia United Arab Mexico Algeria Norway Qatar Venezue

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

States Arabia Emirates
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2009

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC 1 Producers

Algeria Iran Kuwait 2 Libya Qatar 

Saudi

Arabia 2

United

Arab

Emirates

Venezuela Total OPEC 3 Aus- tralia Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway Former U.S.S.R. Russia 

K

1973 9 40 60 35 (s) 90 (s) 89 324 50 314 0 75 (s) 170 – – 1974 12 45 50 20 5 130 (s) 84 347 50 314 0 80 (s) 190 – – 1975 20 45 50 30 10 140 (s) 76 372 50 309 0 80 5 205 – – 1976 24 45 50 40 10 185 (s) 77 432 50 289 0 95 20 220 – – 1977 19 40 55 40 5 215 15 78 472 55 290 0 105 20 235 – – 1978 25 45 75 40 5 250 30 61 538 60 281 0 115 35 255 – – 1979 30 10 95 40 10 303 30 69 599 60 331 0 150 40 270 – – 1980 36 9 95 40 10 369 35 60 664 60 331 0 193 42 285 – – 1981 49 9 60 35 24 433 60 55 732 60 330 0 241 37 300 – – 1982 58 9 40 40 30 430 90 60 764 52 318 0 255 39 315 – – 1983 56 8 55 30 25 330 120 57 688 52 309 0 265 46 330 – – 1984 105 10 67 37 28 355 130 57 796 54 336 10 257 45 340 – – 1985 120 10 54 26 30 375 160 63 850 65 337 10 271 51 350 – – 1986 120 15 75 30 22 385 185 97 941 60 328 9 352 66 440 – – 1987 140 20 95 30 24 418 145 94 978 65 367 11 338 71 430 – – 1988 120 20 100 30 30 499 130 98 1,049 67 381 11 370 83 450 – – 1989 130 27 105 35 24 503 130 108 1,118 65 410 11 384 84 425 – – 1990 130 35 65 35 40 620 135 114 1,206 63 426 12 428 86 425 – – 1991 140 50 0 40 50 680 146 117 1,225 61 431 12 457 84 420 – – 1992 140 50 34 40 55 713 144 113 1,292 56 460 13 454 85 – – 230 1993 145 55 53 41 55 704 146 143 1,361 55 506 17 459 95 – – 220 1994 140 55 85 41 50 951 150 146 1,641 56 529 17 461 123 – – 200 1995 145 60 95 40 55 961 160 149 1,693 52 581 20 447 137 – – 180 1996 150 60 85 49 50 968 160 150 1,696 62 596 20 423 141 – – 185 1997 160 70 109 60 70 982 160 143 1,777 71 636 50 388 139 – – 195 1998 155 75 115 60 85 1,020 170 145 1,844 70 651 90 424 127 – – 220 1999 190 75 115 60 111 1,010 160 170 1,910 72 653 85 439 120 – – 231 2000 230 75 115 60 133 1,008 200 175 2,014 70 699 65 438 124 – – 232 2001 250 80 120 62 150 1,051 290 200 2,225 74 709 70 433 188 – – 237 2002 270 86 125 65 160 1,095 300 202 2,326 80 698 75 408 203 – – 246 2003 280 95 124 65 201 1,220 310 163 2,473 79 724 80 418 222 – – 390 2004 292 105 130 68 250 1,310 279 180 2,634 83 658 80 442 234 – – 456 2005 295 102 130 89 265 1,460 300 206 2,874 92 645 94 426 271 – – 457 2006 310 123 130 129 280 1,427 300 215 2,955 88 685 90 427 286 – – 417 2007 342 124 139 144 250 1,440 336 217 3,031 84 728 88 396 285 – – 426 2008 357 126 143 140 256 1,434 356 228 3,088 R74 R676 91 365 275 – – 422 2009P 345 136 147 140 263 1,427 373 215 3,102 78 635 86 370 276 – – 423 

1 See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. On this table, countries

are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in all years based on their membership status as of January 1,2010.

2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 3 On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,

Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait andSaudi Arabia). Data for all countries not included in "Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: • 1973-1979—U.S. Energy Information Adminis

annual reports, and the International Energy Database. • Statistics, April 7, 2010.
Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type

Selected Types, 1970-2010Selected Types, 2010318 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Nigerian Bonny

Light Indon

 Mi

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Note: Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices

are as of the first Friday in February. See “API” and “API GSource: Table 11.7.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 

0

20406080

100120

Dollars1 per Barrel Dollars1 per Barrel 79.97 77.69 77.27 76.73 76.11 75.21 74.9

Indonesian Minas Nigerian Bonny United Kingdom Libyan Es Sider Venezuelan Saudi Arabian Light Iranian 

0

255075

100

34° API Brent Blend 37° API 34° A

38° API

Light Tia Juana Light

37° API

34° API
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2010

 (Dollars 1 per Barrel)

Year

Saudi Arabian

Light-34° API

Iranian

Light-34° API

Libyan 2

Es Sider-37° API

Nigerian 3

Bonny Light-37° API

Indonesian

Minas-34° API

Venezuelan

Tia Juana Light 4

M

May

1970 1.35 1.36 2.09 2.10 1.67 2.05 1971 1.75 1.76 2.80 2.65 2.18 2.45 1972 1.90 1.91 2.80 2.80 2.96 2.45 1973 2.10 2.11 3.10 3.10 2.96 2.60 1974 9.60 10.63 14.30 12.60 10.80 9.30 1975 10.46 10.67 11.98 11.80 12.60 11.00 1976 11.51 11.62 12.21 12.84 12.80 11.12 1977 12.09 12.81 13.74 14.33 13.55 12.72 1978 12.70 12.81 13.80 14.33 13.55 12.82 1979 13.34 13.45 14.52 14.80 13.90 13.36 1980 26.00 530.37 34.50 29.97 27.50 25.20 21981 32.00 37.00 40.78 40.00 35.00 32.88 1982 34.00 34.20 36.50 36.50 35.00 32.88 21983 34.00 31.20 35.10 35.50 34.53 32.88 21984 29.00 28.00 30.15 30.00 29.53 27.88 21985 29.00 28.00 30.15 28.00 29.53 27.88 21986 28.00 28.05 30.15 28.65 28.53 28.05 21987 16.15 16.14 16.95 17.13 16.28 15.10 1988 17.52 15.55 18.52 18.92 17.56 17.62 1989 13.15 12.75 15.40 15.05 15.50 12.27 1990 18.40 18.20 20.40 21.20 18.55 24.69 1991 24.00 23.65 26.90 27.80 26.50 28.62 21992 15.90 15.50 17.20 18.20 18.65 19.67 1993 16.80 16.70 17.55 18.50 19.10 17.97 1994 12.40 12.40 12.55 13.50 14.15 12.97 1995 16.63 16.18 16.05 16.15 16.95 16.57 1996 18.20 17.73 19.20 19.70 20.05 18.52 1997 22.98 22.63 24.10 24.65 24.95 26.62 1998 15.50 14.93 16.72 16.50 16.50 15.93 1999 10.03 9.83 10.65 10.60 9.95 9.45 2000 24.78 24.63 25.85 25.55 24.15 24.85 22001 20.30 20.20 22.40 22.00 22.80 22.13 2002 17.68 18.90 19.63 19.88 18.89 17.78 2003 27.39 27.85 30.40 31.16 35.03 30.25 22004 27.08 28.67 29.47 29.97 32.10 30.10 22005 31.86 33.84 38.00 38.21 35.86 35.98 22006 50.86 52.56 55.89 56.97 53.95 52.52 42007 55.94 56.28 59.22 63.28 63.87 55.57 42008 93.02 94.96 96.79 98.52 98.34 93.85 2009 35.21 35.31 36.66 39.85 36.63 35.42 22010 75.21 74.94 76.73 77.69 79.97 76.11 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 For 1974 and 1975, prices are for crude oil with 40° API. For 1980, prices include $4.72 in retroactive

charges and market premiums.

3 Beginning in 1977, prices include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues. 4 For 1970-1985, prices are for crude oil with 26° API. Beginning in 1986, prices are for crude oil with

31° API.

5 For 1980, price includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices are as of

the first Friday in February. • Prices are based on official gov

spot market quotations. • Prices are usually free on board (fTables 5.18, 5.19, and 5.21 for other types of crude oil prices fopurchase prices, landed costs of crude oil imports, and refiner Gravity" in Glossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: • 1970-1978—Petroleum and Energy Intellige

Weekly. • 1979 forward—U.S. Energy Information Administratio
Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2009

Regular UnleadedPremium Unleaded2320 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States. See

“Octane Rating” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.8.

4.85 4.69

3.79

3.26 3.14 3.01

2

Japan South Korea Australia China Canada Taiwan United 

0

1

2

3456

Dollars1 per Gallon

6.47 6.36

5.87

5.28

4.13

Italy France United Kingdom Spain Thailand 

0

1

2

34567

Dollars1 per Gallon
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2009

 (Dollars 1 per Gallon)

Year

Regular Unleaded Premium Unl

Australia Canada China Germany Japan Mexico

South

Korea Taiwan

United

States France Italy

SouthAfrica Spain 

1990 NA R1.86 NA 2.65 3.16 1.00 2.05 2.49 1.16 3.63 4.59 NA NA 1991 1.96 1.92 NA 2.90 3.46 1.30 2.49 2.39 1.14 3.45 4.50 NA NA 1992 1.89 1.73 NA 3.27 3.58 1.50 2.65 2.42 1.13 3.56 4.53 NA 3.50 1993 1.73 1.57 NA 3.07 4.16 1.56 2.88 2.27 1.11 3.41 3.68 NA 3.01 1994 1.84 1.45 NA 3.52 4.36 1.48 2.87 2.14 1.11 3.59 3.70 NA 2.99 1995 1.95 1.53 NA 3.96 4.43 1.11 R2.93 2.23 1.15 4.26 4.00 NA 3.24 1996 2.12 1.61 NA 3.94 3.64 1.25 3.18 2.15 1.23 4.41 4.39 NA 3.32 1997 2.05 1.62 NA 3.53 3.26 1.47 3.34 2.23 1.23 4.00 4.07 1.72 3.01 1998 1.63 1.38 NA 3.34 2.82 1.49 R3.03 1.86 1.06 3.87 3.84 1.51 2.80 1999 1.72 1.52 NA 3.42 3.27 1.79 3.80 1.86 1.17 3.85 3.87 1.55 2.82 2000 1.94 1.86 NA 3.45 3.65 2.01 4.18 2.15 1.51 3.80 3.77 1.78 2.86 2001 1.71 1.72 1.22 3.40 3.27 2.20 R3.75 2.02 1.46 3.51 3.57 1.59 2.73 2002 1.76 1.69 1.21 3.67 3.15 2.24 3.84 1.93 1.36 3.62 3.74 1.41 2.90 2003 R2.20 1.99 1.33 4.59 3.47 2.04 R4.12 2.16 1.59 4.35 4.53 1.91 3.49 2004 2.72 2.37 1.48 5.24 3.93 2.03 4.51 2.46 1.88 4.99 5.29 2.58 4.09 2005 3.23 2.89 1.70 5.66 4.28 2.22 5.28 2.76 2.30 5.46 5.74 3.05 4.49 2006 3.54 3.26 2.11 6.03 4.47 2.31 5.92 3.05 2.59 5.88 6.10 3.42 4.84 2007 3.85 3.59 2.29 6.88 4.49 2.40 6.21 3.20 2.80 6.60 6.73 3.64 5.36 2008 4.45 4.08 3.11 7.75 5.74 2.45 5.83 3.53 3.27 7.51 7.63 4.13 6.13 2009 3.79 3.14 3.26 NA 4.85 2.12 4.69 3.01 2.35 6.36 6.47 NA 5.28 

1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95, except RON of 98 for the United States. See "Octane Rating"

in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which

are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange ratespublished by the International Monetary Fund. • Prices for all countries, except the United States, havebeen converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.785412 liters per gallon. Comparisons

between prices and price trends in different countries require ca

fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, mthe extent to which the standard categories of sales are represperiod.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 5.24. All Other Data: Inte

Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices & TaxPart II, Section D, and Part III, Section B.
Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity

World, OECD, and Non-OECD, 1970-2009 Top Refining Countries, 1970-2009Top Refining Countries, 2009322 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.

Note: Capacity as of January 1. 

Source: Table 11.9.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

United States

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

101520

Non-OECD

Million Barrels per Day

World

OECD1

17.7

6.5

5.4

4.7

2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 

United China Russia Japan South Germany Italy Saudi Canada France Brazil United 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Former U.S.S.R.

Japan

53% of 

World

 in 2009

China

States Korea Arabia Kingdom
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2009

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD Countries Selected Non-OECD C

Canada France Germany 1 Italy Japan Mexico 2 

South

Korea 2 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 3 Brazil China

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

Sa

Ara

1970 1.40 2.32 2.36 2.96 3.14 0.50 0.18 0.69 2.30 12.02 32.18 0.50 0.30 5.64 – – 01971 1.45 2.53 2.54 3.24 3.70 .57 .25 .85 2.39 12.86 35.19 .51 .42 6.27 – – 1972 1.45 2.69 2.56 3.68 3.82 .59 .22 .87 2.59 13.29 37.29 .56 .48 6.68 – – 1973 1.73 2.95 2.70 3.59 4.53 .63 .43 1.03 2.47 13.64 39.45 .72 .50 7.26 – – 1974 1.79 3.14 2.83 3.88 5.15 .63 .42 1.16 2.76 14.36 42.39 .79 .60 7.81 – – 1975 1.88 3.34 2.99 3.95 5.35 .76 .43 1.17 2.78 14.96 44.07 .96 .85 8.24 – – 1976 2.02 3.31 3.10 4.08 5.63 .76 .44 1.32 2.89 15.24 46.16 .99 1.01 9.23 – – 1977 2.10 3.52 3.08 4.26 5.76 .94 .42 1.28 3.01 16.40 48.34 1.12 1.40 9.10 – – 1978 2.17 3.46 3.08 4.23 5.67 1.38 .48 1.27 2.91 17.05 49.37 1.16 1.46 9.98 – – 1979 2.23 3.47 3.10 4.20 5.68 1.24 .54 1.43 2.53 17.44 R49.33 1.21 1.58 10.48 – – 1980 2.22 3.40 2.99 4.13 5.71 1.39 .60 1.46 2.53 17.99 R50.10 1.21 1.60 10.95 – – 1981 2.17 3.34 3.02 4.09 5.66 1.39 .61 1.46 2.63 18.62 R50.60 1.40 1.81 11.40 – – 1982 2.20 3.29 2.94 4.00 5.81 1.47 .76 1.52 2.48 17.89 R49.80 1.41 1.81 11.60 – – 1983 2.02 2.87 2.47 3.28 5.73 1.29 .76 1.52 2.26 16.86 R45.89 1.22 2.00 11.75 – – 1984 1.81 2.67 2.39 3.05 5.17 1.27 .78 1.49 2.09 16.14 R43.39 1.30 2.05 12.00 – – 1985 1.87 2.39 2.17 3.10 4.97 1.27 .78 1.49 2.01 15.66 R42.16 1.31 2.15 12.20 – – 1986 1.86 1.95 1.93 2.74 4.72 1.27 .78 1.37 1.79 15.46 R40.06 1.31 2.15 12.20 – – 11987 1.76 1.83 1.72 2.68 4.79 1.35 .86 1.31 1.78 15.57 39.63 1.32 2.20 12.26 – – 11988 1.87 1.94 1.65 2.56 4.57 1.35 .82 1.31 1.80 15.92 40.07 1.41 2.20 12.26 – – 11989 1.86 1.88 1.52 2.45 4.36 1.35 .88 1.29 1.80 15.66 39.31 1.41 2.20 12.30 – – 11990 1.85 1.82 1.51 2.80 4.20 1.51 .87 1.29 1.83 15.57 R39.65 1.40 2.20 12.30 – – 11991 1.88 1.82 2.07 2.39 4.38 1.68 .87 1.32 1.87 15.68 40.25 1.41 2.20 12.30 – – 11992 1.91 1.82 2.06 2.39 4.61 1.57 1.16 1.32 1.86 15.70 41.72 1.41 2.20 12.30 – – 11993 1.87 1.85 2.23 2.42 4.74 1.52 1.15 1.30 1.84 15.12 41.28 1.40 2.20 – – 6.46 11994 1.88 1.86 2.27 2.26 4.81 1.52 1.15 1.28 1.87 15.03 41.18 1.25 2.20 – – 6.46 11995 1.91 1.77 2.32 2.26 4.85 1.52 1.17 1.28 1.87 15.43 41.62 1.25 2.87 – – 6.53 11996 1.85 1.78 2.13 2.28 4.87 1.52 1.24 1.33 1.89 15.33 41.31 1.26 2.87 – – 6.72 11997 1.85 1.79 2.11 2.26 4.99 1.52 2.21 1.30 1.94 15.45 42.47 1.26 2.87 – – 6.73 11998 1.85 1.87 2.18 2.45 4.97 1.52 2.54 1.29 1.83 15.71 43.23 1.66 2.97 – – 6.87 11999 1.87 1.95 2.25 2.45 5.06 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.85 16.26 44.19 1.77 4.35 – – 6.75 12000 1.91 1.90 2.28 2.34 5.00 1.53 2.54 1.32 R1.78 16.51 44.33 1.78 4.35 – – 6.67 12001 1.91 1.90 2.26 2.36 4.96 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.77 16.60 44.48 1.92 4.35 – – 5.44 12002 1.94 1.90 2.26 2.28 4.79 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.78 16.79 44.50 1.79 4.53 – – 5.44 12003 1.98 1.90 2.27 2.30 4.77 1.68 2.56 1.32 1.79 16.76 44.69 1.87 4.53 – – 5.44 12004 1.99 1.95 2.29 2.31 4.70 1.68 2.54 1.27 1.82 16.89 44.75 1.91 4.53 – – 5.44 12005 2.02 1.95 2.32 2.32 4.71 1.68 2.58 1.27 1.83 17.13 45.12 1.92 4.65 – – 5.43 12006 2.02 1.98 2.43 2.32 4.67 1.68 2.58 1.27 1.88 17.34 45.58 1.91 6.25 – – 5.34 22007 2.04 1.96 2.42 2.34 4.68 1.54 2.58 1.27 1.89 17.44 45.52 1.91 6.25 – – 5.34 22008 1.97 1.93 2.42 2.34 4.65 1.54 2.58 1.28 1.86 17.59 45.55 1.91 6.25 – – 5.43 22009 2.03 1.99 2.42 2.34 4.69 1.54 2.61 1.27 1.86 17.67 45.78 1.91 6.45 – – 5.43 2

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on

December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for these countries were available. The Czech Republic and Slovakia (or Slovak Republic), which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995 andDecember 14, 2000, respectively, are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data forthese countries were available.

R=Revised. – – = Not applicable.

Notes: • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperati

membership. • Capacity data represent distillation capacity. • • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 5.9. China and Former U.S

Company, The Energy Decade, 1970-1980, A Statisticaforward—PennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal. Company, Oil & Gas Journal.
Figure 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption

World, 1960-2008 Top Consuming Countries, 1960-2008Selected Consumers, 2008324 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership. Source: Table 11.10.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

306090

120

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1

06

12

1824

Non-OECD1

Million Barrels per Day World OECD1

19.5

7.8

4.8

3.0 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 

United China Japan India Russia Germany Brazil Canada South Mexico France 

06

12

1824

Million Barrels per Day

United States

Former U.S.S.R.

Japan

55% of World

Total in 2008

China

States Korea 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2008

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD Consumers Selected Non-OECD 

Canada France Germany 1 Italy Japan Mexico 2 

South

Korea 2 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 3 Brazil China India

For

U.S.

1960 0.84 0.56 0.63 0.44 0.66 0.30 0.01 0.10 0.94 9.80 15.78 0.27 0.17 0.16 21961 .87 .63 .79 .54 .82 .29 .02 .12 1.04 9.98 16.77 .28 .17 .17 21962 .92 .73 1.00 .67 .93 .30 .02 .12 1.12 10.40 18.06 .31 .14 .18 21963 .99 .86 1.17 .77 1.21 .31 .03 .12 1.27 10.74 19.60 .34 .17 .21 31964 1.05 .98 1.36 .90 1.48 .33 .02 .20 1.36 11.02 21.05 .35 .20 .22 31965 1.14 1.09 1.61 .98 1.74 .34 .03 .23 1.49 11.51 22.81 .33 .23 .25 31966 1.21 1.19 1.80 1.08 1.98 .36 .04 .31 1.58 12.08 24.60 .38 .30 .28 31967 1.25 1.34 1.86 1.19 2.14 .39 .07 .36 1.64 12.56 25.94 .38 .28 .26 41968 1.34 1.46 1.99 1.40 2.66 .41 .10 .46 1.82 13.39 28.56 .46 .31 .31 41969 1.42 1.66 2.33 1.69 3.25 .45 .15 .49 1.98 14.14 31.54 .48 .44 .34 41970 1.52 1.94 2.83 1.71 3.82 .50 .20 .58 2.10 14.70 34.69 .53 .62 .40 51971 1.56 2.12 2.94 1.84 4.14 .52 .23 .64 2.14 15.21 36.30 .58 .79 .42 51972 1.66 2.32 3.10 1.95 4.36 .59 .24 .68 2.28 16.37 38.95 .66 .91 .46 61973 1.73 2.60 3.32 2.07 4.95 .67 .28 .78 2.34 17.31 41.80 .78 1.12 .49 61974 1.78 2.45 3.03 2.00 4.86 .71 .29 .86 2.21 16.65 40.38 .86 1.19 .47 71975 1.78 2.25 2.96 1.86 4.62 .75 .31 .87 1.91 16.32 39.14 .92 1.36 .50 71976 1.82 2.42 3.21 1.97 4.84 .83 .36 .97 1.89 17.46 41.72 1.00 1.53 .51 71977 1.85 2.29 3.21 1.90 4.88 .88 .42 .94 1.91 18.43 42.78 1.02 1.64 .55 81978 1.90 2.41 3.29 1.95 4.95 .99 .48 .98 1.94 18.85 43.98 1.11 1.79 .62 81979 1.97 2.46 3.37 2.04 5.05 1.10 .53 1.02 1.97 18.51 44.39 1.18 1.84 .66 81980 1.87 2.26 3.08 1.93 4.96 1.27 .54 .99 1.73 17.06 41.76 1.15 1.77 .64 91981 1.77 2.02 2.80 1.87 4.85 1.40 .54 .94 1.59 16.06 39.49 1.09 1.71 .73 81982 1.58 1.88 2.74 1.78 4.58 1.48 .53 1.00 1.59 15.30 37.77 1.06 1.66 .74 91983 1.45 1.84 2.66 1.75 4.40 1.35 .56 1.01 1.53 15.23 36.91 .98 1.73 .77 81984 1.52 1.77 2.56 1.72 4.67 1.40 .55 .85 1.83 15.73 37.69 1.03 1.74 .82 81985 1.53 1.75 2.65 1.71 4.44 1.48 .55 .86 1.62 15.73 37.48 1.08 1.89 .89 81986 1.53 1.76 2.79 1.73 4.50 1.52 .59 .87 1.64 16.28 38.60 1.24 2.00 .95 81987 1.61 1.79 2.72 1.82 4.57 1.58 .63 .90 1.61 16.67 39.34 1.26 2.12 .99 81988 1.68 1.80 2.72 1.83 4.85 1.60 .75 .98 1.69 17.28 40.65 1.30 2.27 1.08 81989 1.75 1.84 2.58 1.90 5.06 1.72 .86 .98 1.73 17.33 41.33 1.32 2.38 1.15 81990 1.74 1.83 2.68 1.87 5.32 1.75 1.05 1.01 1.78 16.99 41.62 1.47 2.30 1.17 81991 1.68 1.94 2.83 1.86 5.39 1.83 1.26 1.07 1.80 16.71 42.02 1.48 2.50 1.19 81992 1.73 1.93 2.84 1.89 5.48 1.86 1.53 1.10 1.82 17.03 R42.97 1.52 2.66 1.27 – 1993 1.75 1.88 2.91 1.89 5.40 1.84 1.68 1.06 1.83 17.24 R43.30 1.58 2.96 1.31 – 1994 1.77 R1.87 2.88 1.87 5.66 1.93 1.84 1.12 1.83 17.72 R44.49 1.67 3.16 1.41 – 1995 1.82 1.92 2.88 1.94 R5.69 1.82 2.01 1.19 1.82 17.72 R44.96 1.79 3.36 1.57 – 1996 1.87 1.95 2.92 1.92 R5.74 1.79 2.10 1.20 1.85 18.31 R46.01 1.90 3.61 1.68 – 1997 1.96 1.97 2.92 1.93 R5.70 1.85 R2.26 1.27 1.81 18.62 R46.77 2.03 3.92 1.77 – 1998 1.95 2.04 2.92 1.94 R5.51 1.95 1.92 1.36 1.79 18.92 46.93 2.10 4.11 1.84 – 1999 2.04 2.03 2.84 1.89 R5.64 1.96 2.08 1.40 1.81 19.52 R47.88 2.13 4.36 2.03 – 2000 2.03 2.00 2.77 1.85 R5.52 2.04 2.14 1.43 1.77 19.70 47.93 2.17 4.80 2.13 – 2001 2.07 2.05 2.81 1.83 R5.41 2.01 2.13 1.49 1.75 19.65 R47.98 2.21 4.92 2.18 – 2002 2.09 1.98 2.72 1.87 5.32 1.95 2.15 1.50 1.74 19.76 47.94 2.13 5.16 2.26 – 2003 2.22 2.00 2.68 R1.86 5.43 1.95 2.18 1.54 1.76 20.03 R48.64 2.06 5.58 2.35 – 2004 2.31 2.01 2.67 1.79 5.32 2.00 2.16 1.57 1.79 20.73 49.43 2.12 6.44 2.43 – 2005 2.34 1.99 2.65 1.75 R5.33 2.07 2.19 1.61 R1.82 20.80 R49.80 2.21 6.70 2.51 – 2006 R2.25 1.98 2.69 1.74 5.20 2.08 2.18 1.59 R1.80 20.69 R49.49 R2.29 R7.26 R2.69 – 2007 R2.31 R1.97 R2.47 R1.69 R5.04 R2.14 R2.24 1.61 1.74 20.68 R49.16 R2.36 R7.58 R2.85 – 2008P 2.25 1.99 2.57 1.64 4.78 2.13 2.17 1.56 1.71 19.50 47.55 2.49 7.83 2.96 – 

1 Through 1969, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. For 1970 through 1990,

this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD onDecember 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1970, the first year that data for these countries were available.Total OECD includes Czechoslovakia from 1970-1992, and Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1993forward.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable.Notes: • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperati

membership. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 5.1, "Petroleum P

• 1960-1979—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), forward—EIA, International Energy Statistics, March 3, 2010.
Figure 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production

World and Top Producing Countries, 1999-2008 By Region, 2008By Region, 1999-2008326 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.11.

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

20406080

100120

Trillion Cubic Feet

28.26

5.26

11.16

29.94

North Central, Europe1 Eurasia2 

08

1624

32

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Canada

and South

 America

Russia

United States

Middle East

America

North America

Eurasia2

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

08

1624

32

Trillion Cubic Feet

Africa

Central and South America
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1999-2008

 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Region and Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

North America ................................................................. 26.38 26.97 27.51 26.89 26.95 26.54 26.13 2

 Canada ........................................................................... 6.27 6.47 6.60 6.63 6.45 6.48 6.56  Mexico ............................................................................ 1.29 1.31 1.30 1.33 1.40 1.46 1.52  United States .................................................................. 18.83 19.18 19.62 18.93 19.10 18.59 18.05 

Central and South America ........................................... 3.15 3.43 3.65 3.67 4.07 4.54 4.86 

 Argentina ........................................................................ 1.22 1.32 1.31 1.28 1.45 1.58 1.61  Venezuela ....................................................................... .95 .96 1.12 1.00 .86 .96 1.01  Other ............................................................................... .98 1.15 1.22 1.39 1.76 2.00 2.24 

Europe 1 ........................................................................... 10.72 10.98 11.10 11.41 11.48 R11.93 R11.43 

 Germany ......................................................................... .82 .78 .79 .79 .78 .73 .70  Italy ................................................................................. .62 .59 .54 .52 .49 .46 .43  Netherlands .................................................................... 2.65 2.56 2.75 2.68 2.57 3.04 R2.77  Norway ........................................................................... 1.76 1.87 1.95 2.41 2.70 2.95 3.07  Romania ......................................................................... .50 .48 .51 .47 .43 .42 .41  United Kingdom .............................................................. 3.49 3.83 3.69 3.66 3.63 R3.43 R3.12  Other ............................................................................... .88 .88 .89 .88 .86 .92 .92 

Eurasia 2 .......................................................................... 24.59 25.43 25.65 26.26 R27.02 R27.75 R28.19 R

 Russia ............................................................................. 20.83 20.63 20.51 21.03 21.77 22.39 22.62 2 Turkmenistan .................................................................. .79 1.64 1.70 1.89 2.09 2.07 2.22  Ukraine ........................................................................... .63 .64 .64 .65 .69 .68 .69  Uzbekistan ...................................................................... 1.96 1.99 2.23 2.04 2.03 2.11 2.11  Other ............................................................................... .39 .53 .57 .65 R.44 R.50 R.55 

Middle East ...................................................................... 6.93 7.57 7.98 8.71 9.18 9.95 11.21 

 Iran ................................................................................. 2.04 2.13 2.33 2.65 2.86 2.96 3.56  Qatar ............................................................................... .78 1.03 .95 1.04 1.11 1.38 1.62  Saudi Arabia ................................................................... 1.63 1.76 1.90 2.00 2.12 2.32 2.52  United Arab Emirates ..................................................... 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.53 1.58 1.63 1.66  Other ............................................................................... 1.14 1.30 1.41 1.48 1.51 1.65 1.85 

Africa ............................................................................... 4.02 4.44 4.63 4.68 5.11 5.29 R6.12 

 Algeria ............................................................................ 2.88 2.94 2.79 2.80 2.85 2.83 3.11  Egypt .............................................................................. .52 .65 .87 .88 1.06 1.15 1.50  Other ............................................................................... .62 .85 .97 1.00 1.20 1.31 R1.51 

Asia and Oceania 1 ......................................................... 9.29 9.58 9.60 10.29 10.89 R11.25 R12.14 

 Australia .......................................................................... 1.12 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.31 1.44  China .............................................................................. .89 .96 1.07 1.15 1.21 1.44 1.76  India ................................................................................ .75 .79 .85 .93 .96 1.00 1.06  Indonesia ........................................................................ 2.51 2.24 1.89 2.06 2.19 2.03 2.00  Malaysia ......................................................................... 1.42 1.60 1.69 1.71 1.84 1.90 1.97  Pakistan .......................................................................... .78 .86 .77 .81 .89 .97 1.09  Other ............................................................................... 1.82 1.97 2.14 2.40 2.52 R2.61 R2.82 

World ............................................................................... 85.08 88.40 90.13 91.90 R94.69 R97.25 R100.07 R1

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, March 24, 2010.
Figure 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1980-2008Top Consuming Countries, 2008328 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 11.12.

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 

0

20406080

100120

Trillion Cubic Feet World

Russia

Former U.S.S.R. United S

23.2

16.8

4.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8

1.9 

United Russia Iran Japan United Germany Italy Canada Ukraine Saudi Uzbekistan F

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

States Kingdom

Arabia 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2008

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year Canada France Germany 1 Indonesia Iran Italy Japan

Netherlands Former U.S.S.R. Russia Saudi Arabia Ukraine United Kingdom Unit

Stat

1980 1,883 981 2,621 248 232 972 903 1,493 13,328 – – 334 – – 1,702 19,1981 1,842 1,003 2,513 248 155 942 925 1,421 14,440 – – 564 – – 1,740 19,1982 1,859 979 2,334 236 200 944 956 1,511 15,522 – – 430 – – 1,743 18,1983 1,863 999 2,397 316 310 967 1,020 1,451 16,822 – – 418 – – 1,815 16,1984 2,017 1,079 2,584 369 476 1,135 1,372 1,540 18,512 – – 620 – – 1,851 17,1985 2,165 1,110 2,546 436 600 1,151 1,468 1,624 20,302 – – 716 – – 1,991 17,1986 2,130 1,129 2,595 471 536 1,217 1,494 1,620 21,522 – – 890 – – 2,020 16,1987 2,112 1,038 2,733 487 565 1,346 1,543 1,672 22,462 – – 946 – – 2,079 17,1988 2,331 963 2,716 517 706 1,460 1,618 1,513 24,092 – – 1,028 – – 1,972 18,1989 2,427 984 2,835 579 784 1,581 1,731 1,550 24,529 – – 1,052 – – 1,951 19,1990 2,378 997 2,669 630 837 1,674 2,028 1,535 24,961 – – 1,077 – – 2,059 19,1991 2,400 1,131 2,776 765 811 1,775 2,175 1,715 25,014 – – 1,130 – – 2,218 19,1992 2,596 1,146 2,739 797 883 1,760 2,177 1,669 – – 16,482 1,201 3,503 2,170 20,1993 2,691 1,158 2,830 850 938 1,801 2,217 1,714 – – 16,185 1,268 3,871 2,412 20,1994 2,738 1,157 2,965 965 1,123 1,748 2,334 1,654 – – 15,214 1,331 3,327 2,542 21,1995 2,872 1,183 3,172 1,061 1,243 1,921 2,409 1,701 – – 14,507 1,343 2,970 2,690 22,1996 2,917 1,314 3,163 1,137 1,416 1,984 2,524 1,874 – – 14,504 1,460 2,935 3,182 22,1997 2,887 1,300 3,012 1,125 1,663 2,048 2,590 1,763 – – 13,434 1,601 2,832 3,013 22,1998 2,798 1,313 3,130 983 1,828 2,205 2,676 1,752 – – 14,045 1,653 2,606 3,072 22,1999 3,108 1,383 3,151 1,124 2,112 2,396 2,818 1,705 – – 14,013 1,632 2,755 3,259 22,2000 2,991 1,403 3,098 958 2,221 2,498 2,914 1,725 – – 14,130 1,759 2,779 3,373 23,2001 3,121 1,471 3,239 726 2,478 2,505 2,902 1,769 – – 14,412 1,896 2,617 3,338 22,2002 3,173 1,528 3,204 797 2,798 2,488 3,100 1,767 – – 14,567 2,002 2,779 3,379 23,2003 3,373 1,511 3,566 805 2,910 2,743 3,100 1,775 – – 15,291 2,121 3,023 3,358 22,2004 3,341 R1,604 R3,533 675 3,021 2,847 R3,124 1,812 – – 16,022 2,319 3,051 R3,514 22,2005 3,404 1,740 R3,464 719 3,616 3,046 R3,110 R1,742 – – 16,153 2,516 3,079 R3,376 22,2006 3,307 1,763 3,524 992 3,839 2,984 R3,437 1,690 – – 16,598 2,594 2,483 3,213 21,2007 2,894 R1,656 R3,452 R1,224 R3,992 2,998 R3,738 R1,646 – – 16,746 R2,628 R2,885 R3,244 R23,2008P 2,929 1,740 3,383 1,289 4,201 2,998 3,572 1,707 – – 16,799 2,841 2,853 3,388 23,

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, March 19, 2010.
Figure 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007

By Type By RegionTop Reserves Countries330 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

3 U.S. reserves are at end of 2008, one year later than othe

Note: Data are at end of year. Source: Table 11.13.

454 455

Anthracite Subbituminous

0

200400600

Billion Short Tons270

17

51

249

2

North America Central Europe1 Eurasia2 Middle East 

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

and Bituminous

Coal

Coal and

Lignite

and South

America

262

173

126

84

65

37 35 34

15 8

United Russia China Australia India Ukraine Kazakhstan South Serbia Poland 

0

100200300

Billion Short Tons

States3

Africa
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2007

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal and Lignite 

North America ............................................................. 125,754 144,606 

 Canada ....................................................................... 3,826 3,425  Greenland ................................................................... 0 202  Mexico ........................................................................ 948 387  United States 1 ........................................................... 120,980 140,593 

Central and South America ....................................... 7,676 8,865 

 Brazil ........................................................................... 0 7,781  Chile ........................................................................... 0 171  Colombia .................................................................... 7,092 419  Peru ............................................................................ 55 0  Other ........................................................................... 529 494 

Europe 2 ....................................................................... 9,296 41,485 

 Bulgaria ...................................................................... 6 2,195  Czech Republic .......................................................... 1,844 3,117  Germany ..................................................................... 168 7,227  Greece ........................................................................ 0 4,299  Hungary ...................................................................... 219 3,420  Poland ........................................................................ 6,627 1,642  Romania ..................................................................... 13 452  Serbia ......................................................................... 7 15,299  Turkey ......................................................................... 0 2,000  United Kingdom .......................................................... 171 0  Other ........................................................................... 241 1,834 

Eurasia 3 ...................................................................... 103,186 145,931 

 Kazakhstan ................................................................. 31,052 3,450  Russia ......................................................................... 54,110 118,964  Ukraine ....................................................................... 16,922 20,417  Uzbekistan .................................................................. 1,102 2,205  Other ........................................................................... 0 895 

Middle East .................................................................. 1,528 0 

 Iran ............................................................................. 1,528 0 

Africa ........................................................................... 35,096 192 

 Botswana .................................................................... 44 0  South Africa ................................................................ 33,519 0  Zimbabwe ................................................................... 553 0  Other ........................................................................... 980 192 

Asia and Oceania 2 ..................................................... 171,750 114,027 

 Australia ...................................................................... 40,565 43,431  China .......................................................................... 68,564 57,651  India ............................................................................ 59,525 5,071  Indonesia .................................................................... 1,897 2,874  North Korea ................................................................ 331 331  Pakistan ...................................................................... 1 2,281  Thailand ...................................................................... 0 1,493  Other ........................................................................... 868 897 

World ........................................................................... 454,287 455,106 

1 U.S. data are as of the end of 2008, one year later than the other data on this table. 2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 3 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • World Energy Council data represent "proved recoverable

reserves," which are the tonnage within the "proved amount in place" that can be recovered (extracted fromthe earth in raw form) under present and expected local economic conditions with existing, availabletechnology. • The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) does not certify the international reserves

data, but reproduces the information as a matter of convenience 

estimated recoverable reserves from the Demonstrated Reserve indicated tonnage. The U.S. term "measured" approximates the Council. The U.S. "measured and indicated" data have been "measured alone." • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Based on EIA, Annual Coal Report 

of the Coal Reserves Data Base. All Other Data: World EneInterim Update 2009.
Figure 11.14 World Coal Production

World and Top Producing Countries, 1999-2008 By Region, 1999-2008Top Producing Countries, 2008332 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

China

World

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.14.

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

0

2

468

Billion Short Tons 

 S

2000 2002 2004 

0.01.53.04.56.0

Billion Short Tons

United States

Eurasia2

Africa

2.85

1.17

0.57

0.44 0.36 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.16 0.12 0.09 0

China United India Australia Russia Indonesia South Germany Poland Kazakhstan Colombia Tu

0

1

2

3

Billion Short Tons

States Africa
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.14 World Coal Production, 1999-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200

North America ............................................. 1,192 1,162 1,218 1,180 1,151 1,196 R1,215 R1,2

 Canada ....................................................... 80 76 R78 73 69 73 R72  Mexico ........................................................ 11 13 13 12 11 11 12  United States .............................................. 1,100 1,074 1,128 1,094 1,072 1,112 1,131 1,1

Central and South America ....................... 51 59 63 58 68 73 81 R

 Colombia .................................................... 36 42 48 44 55 59 65  Other ........................................................... 15 17 15 14 13 14 16 R

Europe 1 ....................................................... R827 R826 R835 R826 R820 809 793 R7

 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................ 7 8 8 9 10 10 10  Bulgaria ...................................................... 28 29 29 29 30 29 27 2 Czech Republic .......................................... 65 72 73 70 70 68 68  Former Serbia and Montenegro ................. 36 41 40 42 44 45 39  Germany .................................................... 226 226 227 233 229 233 227 2 Greece ........................................................ 68 70 73 78 75 77 76  Hungary ...................................................... 16 15 15 14 15 12 11  Macedonia .................................................. 8 8 9 8 8 8 8  Poland ........................................................ 188 179 180 178 179 178 175 1 Romania ..................................................... 25 32 37 34 36 35 34  Slovenia ...................................................... 5 5 5 5 5 5 5  Spain .......................................................... R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 23 21  Turkey ......................................................... 74 70 68 60 54 51 64  United Kingdom .......................................... 40 34 35 33 31 27 22 2 Other ........................................................... 12 10 10 10 10 7 5 R4

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... 410 R435 434 428 467 466 R483 5

 Estonia ........................................................ 12 13 13 14 16 15 16  Kazakhstan ................................................. 66 R85 87 81 94 96 95 1 Russia ......................................................... 259 265 262 262 283 285 R301 3 Ukraine ....................................................... 69 69 68 68 71 66 67  Other ........................................................... 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 

Middle East .................................................. 1111111

 Iran ............................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Africa ........................................................... 250 256 257 253 270 274 276 27

 South Africa ................................................ 243 249 251 246 264 268 270 2 Zimbabwe ................................................... 5 5 5 4 4 4 4  Other ........................................................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... R2,171 R2,153 R2,353 R2,529 R2,890 R3,404 R3,693 R3,8

 Australia ...................................................... 321 338 363 375 377 388 405 4 China .......................................................... R1,328 R1,272 R1,406 R1,551 R1,864 R2,300 R2,501 R2,5 India ............................................................ 356 370 389 396 421 447 473 5 Indonesia .................................................... 81 R85 102 114 R133 R157 R188 R2 Mongolia ..................................................... 5 6 6 6 6 7 R8  North Korea ................................................ 31 33 34 32 33 35 38  South Korea ................................................ 5 5 4 4 4 4 3  Thailand ...................................................... 20 20 22 22 21 22 R23  Vietnam ...................................................... 11 13 14 18 18 28 36 R4 Other ........................................................... R14 14 15 12 13 R16 R18 

World ........................................................... R4,902 R4,893 R5,162 R5,275 R5,667 R6,223 R6,542 R6,7

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and

brown coal. • Production from Estonia is oil shale. • Totals 

independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, March 3, 2010.
Figure 11.15 World Coal Consumption

World Total, 1980-2008 Selected Countries, 1980-2008Top Consuming Countries, 2008334 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Source: Table 11.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Billion Short Tons

7.24

in 2008

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1

2

3

Billion Short Tons C

United 

States Africa 

2.83

1.12

0.64

0.27 0.27 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.07 0

China United India Germany Russia Japan South Australia Poland Turkey Ukraine Gr

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.83.5

Billion Short Tons
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2008

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia China Germany 1 Greece India Japan

North

Korea Poland

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

SouthAfrica Turkey Ukraine

Unit

Kingd

1980 R73 679 535 26 123 98 49 221 751 – – 105 23 – – 11981 R77 680 544 30 144 106 51 200 748 – – 116 24 – – 11982 R79 726 R545 31 150 104 54 208 771 – – 124 26 – – 11983 R83 768 R548 36 158 99 56 213 764 – – 127 30 – – 11984 R89 845 573 36 187 111 57 227 770 – – 137 35 – – 1985 R92 911 R574 42 194 117 60 238 779 – – 142 46 – – 11986 R87 962 R574 44 209 107 59 247 803 – – 145 55 – – 11987 R99 1,027 565 49 211 110 57 258 807 – – 148 54 – – 11988 R93 1,098 R562 56 222 122 71 253 821 – – 151 46 – – 11989 104 1,113 553 59 236 123 57 242 777 – – 140 61 – – 11990 104 1,124 R534 59 248 127 54 202 848 – – 139 60 – – 11991 R108 R1,161 408 59 270 129 52 202 672 – – 144 64 – – 11992 R111 1,199 362 62 282 125 46 192 – – 326 147 66 132 11993 R109 R1,283 335 62 296 127 42 193 – – 313 146 60 115 1994 110 R1,393 314 66 313 136 39 184 – – 284 161 66 92 1995 112 R1,489 R301 64 329 141 36 185 – – 270 162 67 95 1996 120 R1,502 296 66 326 142 31 189 – – 278 164 73 74 1997 127 R1,442 281 66 351 148 30 182 – – 253 172 80 72 1998 138 R1,377 269 68 362 141 27 168 – – 238 161 86 73 1999 141 R1,305 258 68 388 153 31 162 – – 247 169 84 72 2000 141 R1,239 270 72 403 169 33 158 – – 253 175 89 72 R2001 141 R1,303 278 75 417 173 34 152 – – 231 179 80 70 2002 143 R1,443 278 77 425 179 32 149 – – 240 170 73 71 2003 142 R1,746 277 78 437 185 33 154 – – 243 186 71 77 R2004 144 R2,200 280 79 484 203 34 154 – – 235 199 71 69 2005 153 R2,404 271 78 505 196 36 150 – – R222 193 85 71 2006 155 R2,536 271 R72 539 198 36 155 – – 240 R196 92 R76 2007 R152 R2,706 281 R74 R584 208 R30 R150 – – R230 R202 R109 R77 2008P 161 2,830 270 73 638 204 39 149 – – 270 194 105 73 

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, March 3, 2010.
Figure 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity

Net Generation by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007 Net Generation by Type by Region, 2007

(Percent of Regional Total)

Top Net Generating Countries, 2007336 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

3 Includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indSource: Table 11.16.

12.7

3.0 2.6

0.5

7.1

2.1 1.9

0.1

5.6

1.7

0.7

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Other1

05

1015

Trillion Kilowatthours

1980 1990 2007 Hy droelectric Power 

Nuclear Electric PowFossil Fuels

4.2

3.0

1.1 1.0

0.8

0.6 0.6 0.5

United China Japan Russia India Canada Germany France

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

67

18

15

North America

C

Power

(s)

89

1

10

Middle East and Africa

54

25

21

Europe2

States
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2007 P 1980 1990 2007 P 1980 1990 2007 P 

North America ............................................. 1,880.1 R2,291.9 3,346.5 287.0 648.9 905.1 R 546.8 R 606.4 632.2 

 Canada ....................................................... 79.8 101.9 156.3 35.9 69.2 88.8 R 250.9 R 293.8 364.6  Mexico ........................................................ 46.0 85.7 196.9 .0 2.8 9.9 16.7 23.2 27.0  United States ............................................. 1,753.8 R2,103.6 2,992.2 251.1 576.9 806.4 279.2 289.4 240.6  Other ........................................................... .5 .7 1.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

Central and South America ....................... 99.8 115.1 299.0 2.2 9.0 19.0 201.5 R 362.4 660.3 

 Argentina .................................................... 22.2 20.9 71.3 2.2 7.0 6.7 17.3 R 17.5 30.1  Brazil ........................................................... 7.5 8.3 37.7 .0 1.9 12.3 128.4 204.6 370.3  Paraguay .................................................... (s) (s) (s) .0 .0 .0 .7 27.2 53.2  Venezuela ................................................... 17.6 21.0 30.3 .0 .0 .0 14.4 36.6 83.0  Other ........................................................... 52.4 64.8 159.7 .0 .0 .0 40.6 76.4 123.7 

Europe 3 ....................................................... 1,453.3 1,441.4 1,925.7 229.6 761.3 905.3 R 451.2 R 464.8 524.3 

 Belgium ....................................................... 38.3 25.0 32.5 11.9 40.6 45.8 R .1 R .1 .0  Czech Republic .......................................... – – – – 54.7 – – – – 24.9 – – – – 1.9  Finland ........................................................ 22.0 22.8 31.0 6.6 18.3 22.3 10.1 10.8 14.0  France ........................................................ 118.0 44.3 53.0 63.4 298.4 417.7 R 68.0 R 51.4 55.4  Germany ..................................................... 390.3 358.9 370.9 55.6 145.1 133.5 R 16.3 R 14.5 19.1  Italy ............................................................. 125.5 167.5 242.3 2.1 .0 .0 R 44.0 R 30.0 30.5  Netherlands ................................................ 58.0 63.2 84.3 3.9 3.3 4.0 .0 .1 .1  Norway ....................................................... .1 .2 .8 .0 .0 .0 R 82.6 R 119.8 132.1  Poland ........................................................ 111.1 125.0 143.8 .0 .0 .0 R 2.0 R .7 2.0  Romania ..................................................... 51.4 50.1 35.4 .0 .0 7.1 12.5 10.9 15.7  Spain .......................................................... 74.5 66.5 174.3 5.2 51.6 52.3 R 28.6 R 24.9 26.2  Sweden ....................................................... 10.1 3.2 3.4 25.3 64.8 63.6 R 58.0 R 71.6 65.5  Switzerland ................................................. .9 .6 .9 12.9 22.4 26.5 R 32.0 R 29.0 34.3  Turkey ......................................................... 12.0 32.3 145.7 .0 .0 .0 11.2 22.9 35.5  United Kingdom .......................................... 228.9 230.0 289.0 32.3 62.5 59.9 R 3.7 R 4.5 3.8  Other ........................................................... 212.1 251.6 263.7 10.3 54.4 47.6 R 82.2 R 73.8 88.1 

Eurasia 4 ...................................................... 1,037.1 1,204.1 911.0 72.9 201.3 246.4 184.0 230.7 243.8 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. – – – – 64.3 – – – – .0 – – – – 8.1  Russia ......................................................... – – – – 633.4 – – – – 147.8 – – – – 174.5  Ukraine ....................................................... – – – – 87.8 – – – – 87.2 – – – – 10.2  Other ........................................................... 1,037.1 1,204.1 125.5 72.9 201.3 11.4 184.0 230.7 51.0 

Middle East .................................................. 81.8 214.7 651.0 .0 .0 .0 9.6 9.6 22.4 

 Iran ............................................................. 15.7 49.8 174.7 .0 .0 .0 5.6 6.0 17.8  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 20.5 64.9 179.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0  Other ........................................................... 45.7 99.9 297.2 .0 .0 .0 4.1 3.6 4.6 

Africa ........................................................... 128.5 243.6 468.5 .0 8.4 11.8 60.1 54.9 96.2 

 Egypt .......................................................... 8.6 31.5 102.3 .0 .0 .0 9.7 9.9 15.4  South Africa ................................................ 92.1 146.6 227.0 .0 8.4 11.8 1.0 1.0 1.2  Other ........................................................... 27.9 65.5 139.3 .0 .0 .0 49.4 44.0 79.7 

Asia and Oceania 3 ..................................... 908.1 1,624.3 5,138.2 92.7 279.9 505.8 R 259,9 R 395.8 792.3 

 Australia ...................................................... 74.5 131.8 221.5 .0 .0 .0 R 12.5 R 13.7 14.0  China .......................................................... 227.9 465.2 2,539.2 .0 .0 62.6 57.6 125.1 430.0  India ............................................................ 69.7 198.9 610.2 3.0 5.6 15.9 46.5 70.9 122.6  Indonesia .................................................... 10.6 35.3 116.5 .0 .0 .0 2.2 6.7 11.2  Japan .......................................................... 381.6 524.0 711.5 78.6 192.2 250.6 R 85.4 R 84.9 68.6  South Korea ................................................ 29.8 45.5 261.6 3.3 50.2 135.8 R 1.4 R 2.4 3.2  Taiwan ........................................................ 31.3 43.6 178.7 7.8 31.6 38.5 2.9 R 5.9 3.9  Thailand ...................................................... 12.3 38.7 123.2 .0 .0 .0 1.3 4.9 8.0  Other ........................................................... 70.4 141.3 375.8 (s) .4 2.3 50.0 81.2 130.8 

World ........................................................... 5,588.7 R7,135.1 12,740.0 684.4 1,908.8 2,593.4 R1,713.1 R2,124.6 2,971.5 

1 Includes pumped storage, where available, for all countries. 2 Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,

purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 3 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 4 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, April 14, 2010.
Figure 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type

Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007Installed Capacity and Net Generation Shares of Totals by Type, 2007338 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals,

hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

Note: Shares are based on data prior to rounding for publ

100 percent.

Sources: Tables 11.16 and 11.17.

2,968

921

379

1,761

647

330

1,364

480

137 5

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500

Million Kilowatts

1980 1990 2007

68

16 14

67

21

9

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

20406080

Percent of Total

Installed Capacity Net Generation
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2007

 (Million Kilowatts)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2007 P 1980 1990 2007 P 1980 1990 2007 P 

North America ............................................. R 481.1 R 577.3 839.0 57.7 R113.8 115.0 135.7 R160.6 186.5 

 Canada ....................................................... R 26.1 R 30.3 34.3 5.9 R 13.5 13.3 47.9 R 59.4 73.6  Mexico ........................................................ R 10.7 R 19.0 40.4 .0 .7 1.4 6.1 R 7.9 13.1  United States 3 ........................................... 444.1 527.8 764.0 51.8 99.6 100.3 81.7 93.4 99.8  Other ........................................................... .2 .3 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 

Central and South America ....................... R 37.5 R 45.3 91.0 .4 1.7 3.0 R 44.2 R 87.0 135.8 

 Argentina .................................................... R 8.4 R 9.6 18.1 .4 1.0 1.0 R 4.2 6.6 9.9  Brazil ........................................................... 4.1 R 4.8 14.9 .0 .7 2.0 27.5 R 45.6 76.9  Paraguay .................................................... .1 (s) (s) .0 .0 .0 .2 R 6.5 8.1  Venezuela ................................................... R 6.5 R 8.6 7.9 .0 .0 .0 2.7 R 10.4 14.6  Other ........................................................... R 18.4 R 22.3 50.0 .0 .0 .0 R 9.7 R 17.9 26.3 

Europe 4 ....................................................... R 355.1 R 383.4 461.7 R 46.7 R128.3 134.9 R142.6 R179.2 207.0 

 Belgium ....................................................... 8.2 R 7.0 8.1 1.7 5.5 5.8 R 1.1 R 1.4 1.4  Czech Republic .......................................... – – – – 9.8 – – – – 3.8 – – – – 2.2  Finland ........................................................ 6.3 R 7.3 9.1 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.1  France ........................................................ R 30.0 R 22.7 24.5 14.4 R 55.8 63.3 R 19.0 R 24.7 25.1  Germany ..................................................... R – – R 87.3 72.8 R – – R 24.2 20.2 R – – R 6.9 8.6  Italy ............................................................. R 29.1 R 37.2 65.3 R 1.3 .0 .0 15.8 R 18.8 21.1  Netherlands ................................................ R 16.8 16.8 20.5 .5 .5 .5 .0 (s) (s)  Norway ....................................................... .2 .2 .5 .0 .0 .0 19.8 R 26.9 29.3  Poland ........................................................ R 23.4 R 26.0 29.8 .0 .0 .0 R 1.3 R 2.0 2.3  Romania ..................................................... 12.7 R 16.8 13.3 .0 .0 1.4 3.5 R 5.7 6.3  Spain .......................................................... R 15.4 R 20.1 46.7 1.1 R 7.0 7.4 13.5 R 16.2 18.4  Sweden ....................................................... 7.9 R 6.7 4.7 4.6 R 10.0 9.1 14.9 R 16.3 16.6  Switzerland ................................................. R .7 R .3 .5 1.9 3.0 3.2 R 12.9 R 13.1 15.1  Turkey ......................................................... 3.0 R 9.5 27.2 .0 .0 .0 2.1 R 6.8 13.4  United Kingdom .......................................... R 64.7 R 57.8 65.0 6.5 11.4 11.0 2.5 R 3.9 4.3  Other ........................................................... R 136.6 R 67.8 64.0 R 12.6 R 8.7 6.6 R 33.9 R 33.9 39.7 

Eurasia 5 ...................................................... 201.9 240.8 240.2 12.5 37.9 38.6 R 54.1 65.0 69.0 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. – – – – 16.5 – – – – .0 – – – – 2.2  Russia ......................................................... – – – – 151.3 – – – – 23.2 – – – – 46.1  Ukraine ....................................................... – – – – 35.0 – – – – 13.8 – – – – 4.9  Other ........................................................... 201.9 240.8 37.4 12.5 37.9 1.6 R 54.1 65.0 15.8 

Middle East .................................................. R 29.6 R 68.7 144.2 .0 .0 .0 2.6 R 3.9 9.1 

 Iran ............................................................. R 10.0 R 16.0 41.9 .0 .0 .0 1.8 2.0 5.1  Saudi Arabia ............................................... R 7.4 R 19.5 36.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0  Other ........................................................... R 12.2 R 33.2 65.4 .0 .0 .0 .8 R 2.0 4.1 

Africa ........................................................... R 33.1 R 60.1 92.0 .0 1.8 1.8 R 14.4 R 21.2 23.0 

 Egypt .......................................................... 2.4 R 9.0 19.4 .0 .0 .0 R 2.5 2.7 2.8  South Africa ................................................ R 20.0 R 30.1 38.8 .0 1.8 1.8 .5 R 2.0 2.1  Other ........................................................... R 10.7 R 21.1 33.7 .0 .0 .0 R 11.3 R 16.5 18.1 

Asia and Oceania 4 ..................................... R 225.3 R 385.7 1,100.0 R 19.5 R 46.1 85.9 R 86.2 R130.2 290.2 

 Australia ...................................................... R 18.0 R 26.8 42.1 .0 .0 .0 R 6.1 R 8.3 9.3  China .......................................................... 45.6 R 101.8 554.5 .0 .0 9.0 20.3 R 36.0 145.3  India ............................................................ 20.7 R 54.3 110.4 .9 1.6 4.1 R 12.2 R 18.8 35.2  Indonesia .................................................... 3.9 9.6 22.2 .0 .0 .0 R 1.3 R 3.1 4.6  Japan .......................................................... R 98.1 R 125.0 176.9 15.7 R 31.6 49.5 R 29.8 R 37.8 47.3  South Korea ................................................ R 7.6 R 11.1 49.8 .6 7.6 17.7 .8 1.3 5.5  Taiwan ........................................................ R 7.0 R 11.1 28.2 R 2.3 5.1 5.1 1.4 2.6 7.1  Thailand ...................................................... R 3.1 R 7.5 24.8 .0 .0 .0 R 1.4 R 2.5 3.5  Other ........................................................... R 21.3 R 38.5 91.0 .1 .1 .5 R 13.0 R 19.8 32.4 

World ........................................................... R1,363.6 R1,761.4 2,968.1 R136.8 R329.6 379.2 R479.9 R647.1 920.7 

1 Includes pumped storage, where available, for all countries. 2 Biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,

purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 3 Net summer capability. 4 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 5 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNotes: • Data are as of December 31. • Totals may not eq

rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSource: United States: Table 8.11a All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, March 22, 2010.
Figure 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation

By Region, 2008 Top Net Generating Countries, 1999-2008Top Net Generating Countries, 2008340 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

Source: Table 11.18.

905

21

907

248

11

507

North Central Europe1 Eurasia2 Africa Asia and

0

300600900

1,200

Billion Kilowatthours

and South

America

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

America Oceania1

Russia

France

Japan

United State

Germany

806

418

244

152 143 141

89 84 65 61 56 50 43 39 

United France Japan Russia South Germany Canada Ukraine China Sweden Spain United Belgium Taiwa

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

States Korea Kingdom 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1999-2008

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200

North America ............................................. 807.6 830.9 850.0 861.1 844.9 883.1 879.7 89

 Canada ....................................................... 69.8 69.2 72.9 71.8 71.1 85.9 87.4 9 Mexico ........................................................ 9.5 7.8 8.3 9.3 10.0 8.7 10.3 1 United States .............................................. 728.3 753.9 768.8 780.1 763.7 788.5 782.0 78

Central and South America ....................... 10.5 10.9 20.8 19.2 20.4 18.9 16.3 2

 Argentina .................................................... 6.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 7.0 7.3 6.4  Brazil ........................................................... 3.8 4.9 14.3 13.8 13.4 11.6 9.9 1

Europe 1 ....................................................... 911.3 914.9 944.1 953.7 957.0 968.9 959.8 95

 Belgium ....................................................... 46.6 45.7 44.0 45.0 45.0 44.9 45.2 4 Bulgaria ...................................................... 15.0 17.3 18.2 20.2 16.0 15.6 17.3 1 Czech Republic .......................................... 12.7 12.9 14.0 17.8 24.6 25.0 23.5 2 Finland ........................................................ 21.8 21.4 21.6 21.2 21.6 21.6 22.1 2 France ........................................................ 374.5 394.4 400.0 414.9 419.0 425.8 429.0 42 Germany ..................................................... 161.5 161.1 162.7 156.6 156.8 158.7 154.9 15 Hungary ...................................................... 13.4 13.5 13.4 13.3 10.5 11.3 13.1 1 Netherlands ................................................ 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.8  Romania .................................................... 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.5 5.3 5.3  Slovakia ...................................................... 12.5 15.7 16.2 17.1 17.0 16.2 16.8 1 Slovenia ...................................................... 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.6  Spain .......................................................... 55.9 59.1 60.5 59.9 58.8 60.4 54.7 5 Sweden ....................................................... 69.5 54.5 68.5 64.2 64.0 73.6 68.8 6 Switzerland ................................................. 24.5 25.1 25.5 25.9 26.1 25.6 22.2 2 United Kingdom .......................................... 90.4 80.8 85.4 83.6 84.3 76.0 77.5 7

Eurasia 2 ...................................................... 189.7 203.4 209.8 223.0 234.4 236.7 235.8 24

 Armenia ...................................................... 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.5  Kazakhstan ................................................. (s) .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0  Lithuania ..................................................... 9.4 8.0 10.8 13.4 14.7 14.3 9.8  Russia ......................................................... 110.9 122.5 125.4 134.1 141.2 137.5 140.2 14 Ukraine ....................................................... 67.4 71.1 71.7 73.4 76.7 82.7 83.3 8

Africa ........................................................... 12.8 13.0 10.7 12.0 12.7 14.3 12.2 1

 South Africa ................................................ 12.8 13.0 10.7 12.0 12.7 14.3 12.2 1

Asia and Oceania 1 ..................................... 461.2 476.8 481.3 476.2 448.4 495.4 535.4 54

 China .......................................................... 14.1 15.9 16.6 25.2 41.7 47.9 50.3 5 India ............................................................ 11.5 14.1 18.2 17.8 16.4 15.0 15.7 1 Japan .......................................................... 300.8 305.9 303.9 280.3 228.0 268.3 289.5 28 Pakistan ...................................................... .1 .4 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.4  South Korea ................................................ 97.9 103.5 106.5 113.1 123.2 124.2 139.4 14 Taiwan ........................................................ 36.9 37.0 34.1 38.0 37.4 37.9 38.0 3

World ........................................................... 2,393.1 2,449.9 2,516.7 2,545.3 2,517.8 2,617.3 2,639.2 2,66

1 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 2 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of SovietSocialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. (s) = Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other Data: 

International Energy Statistics, March 22, 2010.
Figure 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

World, 1998-2007 World by Region, 2007 Top Countries, 2007342 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

America 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

2 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See “Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

3 Includes countries that were part of the former U.S.S

Republics (U.S.S.R.)” in Glossary.

Note: Data include carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fu

gas venting and flaring. 

Source: Table 11.19.

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

05

1015202530

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 29.9 billion metric tons in 2007

and South

America

7.0

1.2

4.7

2.6

North Central Europe2 Eurasia3 

0369

12

15

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

6.2 6.0

1.6 1.4 1.3

0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 

China United Russia India Japan Germany Canada United South Iran Sou

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

States Kingdom Korea Afric
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1998-2007

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Region and Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200

North America ............................................. R6,542 R6,612 R6,823 R6,703 R6,756 R6,841 R6,966 R7,0

 Canada ....................................................... R551 568 R575 R563 R569 R598 R613 R6 Mexico ........................................................ 372 364 383 380 R385 R390 R386 R4 United States 2 ........................................... R5,619 R5,679 R5,864 R5,759 R5,801 R5,851 R5,965 R5,9 Other ........................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Central and South America ....................... 975 984 993 R1,015 R1,007 1,023 1,066 R1,1

 Argentina .................................................... 136 140 138 128 121 134 141 1 Brazil ........................................................... R324 336 345 349 347 346 356 R3 Venezuela ................................................... 142 133 134 149 147 134 143 1 Other ........................................................... 372 374 375 389 R392 R409 426 R4

Europe 3 ....................................................... R4,464 R4,409 R4,476 R4,532 R4,507 R4,648 R4,692 R4,6

 Belgium ....................................................... 151 143 R148 146 R142 151 154 1 France ........................................................ 410 404 402 406 402 409 R411 4 Germany ..................................................... R873 R842 R858 R879 R859 R875 R871 R8 Italy ............................................................. 441 441 448 445 R452 R473 470 4 Netherlands ................................................ 242 239 R251 278 259 261 R270 R2 Poland ........................................................ 316 329 295 R278 276 R287 R294 2 Romania ..................................................... 101 91 R94 102 100 100 R101 R1 Spain .......................................................... R276 R299 R318 R323 R341 R350 371 3 Turkey ......................................................... R185 182 R203 R185 195 207 211 R2 United Kingdom .......................................... R563 R558 R562 R574 R563 R574 R585 5 Other ........................................................... R906 R880 R897 R915 R916 R962 R955 R94

Eurasia 4 ...................................................... R2,217 R2,298 R2,333 R2,287 R2,329 R2,429 R2,488 R2,5

 Kazakhstan ................................................. 116 133 143 148 R151 R148 R166 R1 Russia ......................................................... R1,465 R1,540 R1,560 R1,527 R1,550 R1,605 R1,643 R1,6 Ukraine ....................................................... 333 R327 R326 R318 R326 357 R346 R3 Uzbekistan .................................................. 102 103 106 111 114 115 122 1 Other .......................................................... 201 195 197 184 188 R205 R211 2

Middle East ................................................ R1,020 1,057 1,094 R1,120 R1,177 R1,243 R1,333 R1,4

 Iran ........................................................... 295 317 321 334 365 387 407 44 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 258 264 291 301 312 347 389 4 Other ...................................................... 467 R476 483 R484 R501 R508 R538 R5

Africa .......................................................... R859 R876 892 R921 R923 R973 R1,021 R1,0

 Egypt .......................................................... 115 R118 R120 R129 R133 R143 153 1 South Africa ................................................ R368 R380 R390 R398 R384 R417 R446 R4 Other .......................................................... 376 R379 R382 394 405 413 R422 R4

Asia and Oceania 3 ..................................... R7,001 R7,155 R7,266 R7,459 R8,060 R8,815 R10,054 R10,6

 Australia ...................................................... R339 R357 R358 R372 R377 R377 R388 R4 China .......................................................... R2,991 R2,909 R2,872 R2,992 R3,492 R4,102 R5,132 R5,5 India ............................................................ R912 R969 R1,010 R1,033 R1,023 R1,037 R1,132 R1,1 Indonesia .................................................... 241 R265 R267 R273 R289 R295 R309 R3 Japan .......................................................... 1,116 R1,160 R1,205 1,197 R1,204 R1,254 R1,261 R1,2 Malaysia ..................................................... 103 107 R118 R124 R136 R145 R151 R1 South Korea ................................................ R382 R425 R440 452 R469 478 R488 R4 Taiwan ........................................................ 225 R226 R257 249 274 290 287 2 Thailand ...................................................... R163 R172 162 172 187 206 226 R24 Other .......................................................... R528 R566 578 594 R608 R631 R682 R7

World ......................................................... R23,079 R23,391 R23,877 R24,038 R24,758 R25,972 R27,620 R28,4

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44. 2 Data for the United States differ from those in Table 12.1 because U.S. data in this table includeemissions from bunker fuels consumption; exclude emissions from geothermal power generation, cementproduction and other industrial processes, and municipal solid waste combustion; and exclude data for theU.S. Territories.

3 Excludes countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 4 Includes only countries that were part of the former U.S.S.R. See "Eurasia" and "Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data in this table do n

http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm). • Datfossil-fuel energy consumption and natural gas flaring. • See Nat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/inSource: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International 
International Energy

Note 1. World Primary Energy Production. World primary energy productionincludes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plantliquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric

power, hydroelectric power, biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, and wave,and wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy. Crude oilproduction is measured at the wellhead and includes lease condensate. Natural gasplant liquids are products obtained from processing natural gas at natural gas processing plants, including natural gas plants, cycling plants, and fractionators. Drynatural gas production is that amount of natural gas produced that is available to bemarketed and consumed as a gas. Coal (anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminouscoal, and lignite) production is the sum of sales, mine consumption, issues tominers, and issues to coking, briquetting, and other ancillary plants at mines. Coalproduction data include quantities extracted from surface and underground minesand normally exclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants.The data on generation of electricity from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric

power, biomass and waste, geothermal, solar, tide, an

reported on a net basis, thus excluding electricity thatric power plant for its own operating purposes or eleers that are considered integral parts of the station.Note 2. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions. In Tabide emissions include anthropogenic (human-caused) tion of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and also from not include carbon dioxide emissions from geotherproduction and other industrial processes, and muniPetroleum consumption statistics for each country hathe fraction of sequestration of non-fuel uses. Carbodetermined by applying carbon emission coefficients data. Carbon emission coefficients for petroleum, natand natural gas flaring are from U.S. Energy Infor

Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gas(October 2008), Tables 6.1 and 6.2. 

344 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Environment

12

“Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac.” Engraving by W. Goodacre and James and Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard Hinton, 1852. From the collec

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Accession #1297.
Figure 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

By Type of Gas, 2008 Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type oBased on Global Warming Potential, 1990-2008 Change 1990-2008, Based on Global Warming 346 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.2 Methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.

(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: • HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbo

• Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for coglobal warming potential by type of gas. 

Source: Table 12.1.

PFCs

SF6

Total

5.84

0.03 (s) - -

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

5.84

0.74

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitro

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Other2

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent +16 -6 +8 

Carbon Methane Nitrous 

-30 -150153045607590 -30

Percent

Carbon Dioxide1

Dioxide 

Oxide
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990-2008

Year

Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Wa

Carbon Dioxide 2,3

Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Carbon

Dioxide 2 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

Energy

Related 4

U.S.

Territories 5

Bunker

Fuels 6

Other

Sources 7 Total

Million Metric Tons of Gas Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide E

1990 5,020 32 -114 85 R5,022 31.3 R0.9 – – R5,022 R784 R279 1991 4,975 36 -121 86 R4,976 R31.2 R1.0 – – R4,976 R781 R288 1992 5,069 36 -111 88 R5,083 R31.4 R1.0 – – R5,083 R785 R293 1993 5,172 38 -100 94 R5,203 R30.4 R1.0 – – R5,203 R760 R293 1994 5,251 41 -99 97 R5,290 R30.5 R1.1 – – R5,290 R763 R314 1995 5,302 39 -102 102 R5,342 R30.2 R1.0 – – R5,342 R756 R306 1996 5,488 38 -103 104 R5,526 R29.3 R1.0 – – R5,526 R731 R308 1997 5,562 39 -111 104 R5,595 29.2 R1.0 – – R5,595 R729 R298 1998 5,605 41 -116 96 R5,627 R27.8 R1.0 – – R5,627 R696 R297 1999 5,665 41 -108 97 R5,695 27.6 R1.0 – – R5,695 R690 R294 2000 5,850 43 -104 98 R5,886 R27.3 R1.0 – – R5,886 R683 R290 2001 5,745 54 -100 97 R5,797 R26.7 R1.0 – – R5,797 R669 R286 2002 5,790 53 -92 98 R5,849 R26.9 R1.0 – – R5,849 R673 R284 2003 5,835 57 -86 99 R5,905 R27.3 R.9 – – R5,905 R682 R283 2004 5,952 61 -105 102 R6,009 R27.5 R1.0 – – R6,009 R687 R302 2005 5,973 58 -107 103 R6,028 R27.7 R1.0 – – R6,028 R692 R304 2006 5,894 58 -129 106 R5,929 R28.3 R1.0 – – R5,929 R706 R305 2007 5,990 55 -130 106 R6,020 R28.9 R1.0 – – R6,020 R723 R300 2008 5,810 48 -127 104 5,835 29.5 1.0 – – 5,835 737 300 

1 Emissions of greenhouse gases are weighted based upon their relative global warming potential

(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one. See "Global Warming Potential" in Glossary. 2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by12/44.

3 Carbon dioxide data in this table differ from those for the United States in Table 11.19 because data in

this table: include emissions from electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste;include emissions from the U.S. Territories; include emissions from cement manufacture, limestoneconsumption, natural gas production, and other sources; and exclude emissions from bunker fuels.

4 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: fossil fuel combustion; the nonfuel use of fossil fuels; and electric

power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. Geographic coverage is the 50 Statesand the District of Columbia.

5 U.S. Territories’ energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Geographic coverage is American Samoa,

Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Pacific Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. According to the "UnitedNations Framework on Climate Change" (UNFCC), emissions from the U.S. Territories are included in theU.S. inventory.

6 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from bunker fuels (marine, aviation, and military). According to the

UNFCC, emissions from bunker fuels are excluded from the U.S. inventory.

7 U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from: cement manufacture; limestone consumption; flaring of natural

gas at the wellhead, and carbon dioxide scrubbed from natural gas; soda ash manufacture andconsumption; carbon dioxide manufacture; aluminum manufacture; shale oil production; and waste

combustion in the commercial and industrial sectors.

R=Revised. – – = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in Notes: • HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluorocarbons; and 

• Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produactivities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestocsources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • Because of thestimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently revised on an athe latest findings of the international scientific community. Revisions reflect upwell as to energy consumption data and updated emission factors, where appliunits for measuring greenhouse gases, see http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggr12, box titled "Units for Measuring Greenhouse Gases." • See Note, "AccEmissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. • Totcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/environment.htmSources: Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide: Table 12.2. Total Carbon D

Calculated as the sum of columns 1-4. Methane (column 6): Table 12.5. NTable 12.6. Total Greenhouse Gases: Calculated as the sum of columns 9Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (December 2009), Tables 1, 14, and 15.
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

Total (All Sectors), 1949-2009 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide EmissioBy End-Use Sector, 1949-2009 By End-Use Sector, 2009348 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

2009: 5.4

 Billion Metric

Tons

1990: 5.0

 Billion Metric

Tons

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 Based on chained (2005) dollars. 3 Electric power sector emissions are allocated to end-

sector’s share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9 a

Sources: Tables 1.5, 12.2, and 12.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 

Gross Do

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Index 1949=100

1.9

1.4

Transportation3 Industrial3 Res

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 Industrial3 Transportation3

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 Residential3Commercial3
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Total (All Sectors) and Electric Pow

 Selected Years, 1949-2009 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year

Total (All Sectors) Electric Power Sector

Coal2

Natural

Gas3 Petroleum 4 Total 5 Coal

Natural

Gas3 Petroleum 4 Geothermal

Non-B

Wa

1949 1,118 270 820 2,207 187 30 33 NA 1950 1,152 313 918 2,382 206 35 37 NA 1955 1,038 472 1,175 2,685 324 63 37 NA 1960 915 650 1,349 2,914 396 95 43 NA 1965 1,075 828 1,559 3,462 546 127 57 NA 1970 1,134 1,144 1,983 4,261 678 215 166 NA 1971 1,076 1,180 2,056 4,312 684 217 196 NA 1972 1,121 1,192 2,219 4,532 732 217 243 NA 1973 1,207 1,181 2,346 4,733 812 199 276 NA 1974 1,185 1,140 2,248 4,574 800 187 264 NA 1975 1,181 1,047 2,209 4,437 824 172 248 NA 1976 1,266 1,068 2,372 4,705 911 167 273 NA 1977 1,300 1,046 2,500 4,846 962 174 306 NA 1978 1,298 1,050 2,548 4,896 960 175 313 NA 1979 1,410 1,085 2,469 4,964 1,056 192 258 NA 1980 1,436 1,063 2,272 4,770 1,137 200 207 NA 1981 1,485 1,036 2,122 4,642 1,180 198 173 NA 1982 1,433 963 2,011 4,406 1,182 176 123 NA 1983 1,488 901 1,995 4,383 1,242 158 121 NA 1984 1,598 962 2,053 4,613 1,318 170 101 NA 1985 1,638 926 2,035 4,600 1,367 166 86 NA 1986 1,617 866 2,125 4,608 1,357 142 114 NA 1987 1,691 920 2,152 4,764 1,427 155 99 NA 1988 1,775 962 2,246 4,982 1,492 143 123 NA 1989 1,795 1,022 2,246 5,067 1,519 168 134 (s) 1990 1,803 1,025 2,186 5,020 1,531 176 102 (s) 1991 1,788 1,047 2,133 4,975 1,531 179 95 (s) 1992 1,802 1,082 2,176 5,069 1,551 186 79 (s) 1993 1,870 1,110 2,184 5,172 1,621 188 90 (s) 1994 1,881 1,134 2,226 5,251 1,628 211 84 (s) 1995 1,900 1,184 2,208 5,302 1,649 228 61 (s) 1996 1,982 1,205 2,290 5,488 1,740 205 66 (s) 1997 2,027 1,211 2,313 5,562 1,785 219 75 (s) 1998 2,050 1,189 2,356 5,605 1,815 248 105 (s) 1999 2,046 1,192 2,417 5,665 1,821 260 97 (s) 2000 2,138 1,241 2,461 5,850 1,911 281 91 (s) 2001 2,074 1,187 2,473 5,745 1,856 290 102 (s) 2002 2,077 1,229 2,470 5,790 1,872 306 79 (s) 2003 2,116 1,191 2,517 5,835 1,911 278 98 (s) 2004 2,140 1,194 2,605 5,952 1,923 297 100 (s) 2005 2,161 1,175 2,626 5,973 1,964 319 102 (s) 2006 2,130 1,157 2,595 5,894 1,938 338 56 (s) 2007 2,155 1,235 2,588 5,990 1,971 372 55 (s) 2008 2,122 1,241 2,435 5,810 1,943 362 40 (s) 2009P 1,867 1,221 2,306 5,405 1,733 373 34 (s) 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Includes coal coke net imports. 3 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Petroleum, excluding biofuels. 5 Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass waste. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Notes: • Data are estimates. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of 

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/a

see http://www.eia.gov/mer/environ.html. • See http://www.eia.goinformation.

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administration (E

Annual Energy Review Tables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.12, 5.14c, 7.3, 7.7, and A5. Energy Review (June 2010), Tables 12.1 and 12.6.
Figure 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-

Residential, by Major Source Commercial, by Major SourceIndustrial, by Major Source Transportation, by Major Source350 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are allocated to the enduse sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales (see Tables 8.9

and 12.2).

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric 

plying by 12/44. 3 Includes coal coke net imports.

Source: Table 12.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2 

Retail Electricity1 Natural Gas Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

250500750

1,000

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide2

N

Retail Electricity1

Natural Gas

Coal3

Petroleum
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, Selected Ye

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Coal

Natural

Gas 2

Petroleum 3

Retail

Electricity 4 Total Coal Natural Gas 2 Petro- leum 3

Retail

Electricity 4 Total Coal 5 Natural Gas 2 Petro- leum 3

Retail

Electricity 4 Total Coal 

1949 121 55 80 66 322 148 19 55 58 280 499 166 209 120 994 161 1950 120 66 96 69 351 147 21 65 63 296 532 184 239 140 1,094 146 1955 83 117 129 110 438 76 35 81 88 280 515 244 299 222 1,280 39 1960 56 170 162 156 545 39 56 92 124 311 417 310 328 252 1,307 7 1965 34 214 177 223 647 25 79 104 177 385 469 380 374 328 1,552 1 1970 20 265 195 355 835 16 131 116 268 531 420 494 411 434 1,760 1 1971 16 272 197 373 859 17 137 113 282 549 358 512 414 440 1,724 (s) 1972 11 279 205 402 898 15 142 114 308 579 363 512 452 479 1,805 (s) 1973 9 264 198 435 906 15 141 119 334 609 370 538 480 515 1,903 (s) 1974 8 260 180 424 872 17 139 108 323 586 361 518 453 502 1,834 (s) 1975 6 266 175 419 866 14 136 99 333 583 337 442 429 490 1,697 (s) 1976 6 273 191 442 912 14 144 111 358 627 335 453 475 549 1,813 (s) 1977 5 261 189 478 933 14 135 115 380 645 318 447 515 582 1,861 (s) 1978 5 264 184 484 937 16 140 110 381 647 318 442 508 580 1,848 6 ( ) 1979 4 268 149 496 917 14 150 101 395 661 336 442 541 612 1,932 6 ( ) 1980 3 256 123 529 911 11 141 98 412 662 285 431 481 601 1,798 6 ( ) 1981 3 245 108 522 877 13 136 83 431 662 288 422 410 597 1,717 6 ( ) 1982 3 250 101 518 872 15 141 77 432 664 233 364 391 529 1,516 6 ( ) 1983 3 238 94 531 866 15 132 85 439 671 228 347 364 549 1,487 6 ( ) 1984 4 247 108 542 901 16 137 90 461 704 261 380 396 582 1,618 6 ( ) 1985 4 241 110 553 907 13 132 79 480 704 254 360 370 583 1,567 6 ( ) 1986 4 234 108 558 904 13 126 85 487 710 243 338 374 566 1,522 6 ( ) 1987 4 234 114 581 933 12 132 83 509 735 249 371 370 587 1,576 6 ( ) 1988 4 251 118 609 981 12 145 80 534 772 267 389 382 611 1,650 6 ( ) 1989 3 260 117 625 1,004 11 148 76 559 794 263 411 366 638 1,679 6 ( ) 1990 3 238 97 618 957 12 142 72 561 787 257 432 367 633 1,690 6 ( ) 1991 2 248 96 627 973 11 148 68 561 788 244 439 344 621 1,647 6 ( ) 1992 2 255 98 618 974 11 152 65 561 790 237 456 382 642 1,718 6 ( ) 1993 2 269 100 663 1,034 11 155 59 590 815 235 464 361 651 1,712 6 ( ) 1994 2 263 98 664 1,027 11 157 60 601 830 240 465 373 664 1,742 6 ( ) 1995 2 263 95 674 1,034 11 164 56 616 847 238 490 357 655 1,740 6 ( ) 1996 2 284 102 705 1,093 12 171 57 639 878 229 506 383 673 1,792 6 ( ) 1997 2 270 98 715 1,084 12 174 53 682 922 228 506 388 690 1,812 6 ( ) 1998 1 247 89 754 1,091 9 164 50 719 942 225 495 370 701 1,792 6 ( ) 1999 1 257 100 757 1,114 10 165 50 729 955 214 474 381 699 1,768 6 ( ) 2000 1 271 106 799 1,177 9 173 57 777 1,016 217 481 373 713 1,785 6 ( ) 2001 1 259 105 800 1,165 9 164 56 792 1,022 207 439 398 663 1,707 6 ( ) 2002 1 266 99 829 1,195 9 171 51 789 1,020 195 449 390 649 1,683 6 ( ) 2003 1 276 104 840 1,221 8 173 59 789 1,029 196 430 397 666 1,689 6 ( ) 2004 1 264 104 849 1,219 10 170 58 809 1,046 206 432 421 669 1,728 6 ( ) 2005 1 262 99 890 1,252 9 163 54 835 1,062 187 398 419 667 1,671 6 ( ) 2006 1 237 83 863 1,184 6 154 47 830 1,037 185 394 432 646 1,658 6 ( ) 2007 1 257 85 891 1,234 7 164 46 855 1,072 177 407 417 658 1,658 6 ( ) 2008 1 265 83 871 1,220 7 170 46 844 1,066 172 407 378 637 1,594 6 ( ) 2009P 1 259 80 820 1,159 6 169 43 796 1,014 127 383 339 531 1,381 6 ( ) 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Petroleum, excluding biofuels. 4 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of totalelectricity retail sales. See Tables 8.9 and 12.2.

5 Includes coal coke net imports. 6 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial

sector consumption.

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million Notes: • Data are estimates. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in G

Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://ww

see http://www.eia.gov/mer/environ.html. • See http://www.eia

Sources: • 1949-1972—U.S. Energy Information Administra

Energy Review Tables 2.1b-2.1f, 5.14a-c, 7.3, 7.7, and A5. • (June 2010), Tables 12.2-12.5.
Figure 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the 

Sector, 2002

Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Top Industry Groups Carbon Dioxide EmisCarbon Dioxide Emissions per Unit of Primary Consumption, Top Industry Groups352 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 All other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.

3 From energy inputs used to produce electricity, including 

Source: Table 12.4.

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1

Emissions per Quadrillion Btu3

(23%)

(18%)

(14%)

311 305

213

102 95 91

46 44

Chemicals Petroleum Primary Paper Food Nonmetallic Transpor- Plastics

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1 

Coa

203

Petroleum

258

Natural Gas

326

and Coal

Products

Metals Mineral

Products

tation

Equipment

and Rubber

Products

laneous

Total E

1,401 million metr

68.9 68.2

62.6 62.3 62.1 61.6 61.2 61.1 60.8 60.7 60.4 60.1 59.7 59.6

Primary Nonmetallic Plastics Computer Textile Fabricated Printing Textile Machinery Miscel- Beverage Food Apparel Trans- 

0

20406080

All Manufacturing Industries: 49.6

and

Electronic

Products

portation

Equipmen

Metal Mills

Products

and

Related

Support

and

Tobacco

Products

and

 Rubber

Products

Metals Product

Mills

Mineral

Products
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manu

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide,1 Except as Noted)

NAICS 2

Code Major Group 

Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Electricity 3 Other 4 Total 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 17.3 30.7 2.9 43.8 0.1 94.7  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 1.6 2.4 0.4 4.9 (s) 9.4  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 2.1 4.0 0.6 16.4 0.0 23.0  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 0.7 1.5 0.3 3.2 0.0 5.8  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0.0 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.0 3.2  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.6  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 0.1 3.0 1.2 13.7 0.4 18.4  322 Paper ................................................................................ 22.5 26.6 10.0 42.4 0.8 102.4  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0.0 2.4 0.1 9.5 0.0 12.0  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 19.3 46.4 153.9 24.6 60.8 304.8  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 32.8 106.2 70.2 99.4 2.4 311.0  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 2.1 6.8 0.9 34.5 (s) 44.2  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 30.1 22.3 11.4 26.8 0.4 91.1  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 72.4 37.2 2.4 93.8 7.0 212.8  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0.8 11.1 0.9 30.6 0.0 43.4  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 0.1 4.3 0.4 16.0 (s) 20.8  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0.0 3.4 0.2 24.9 (s) 28.5  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ 0.0 2.8 0.1 8.9 2.3 14.2  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 1.0 10.7 1.2 32.7 0.1 45.7  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 0.1 1.3 0.1 4.6 0.1 6.3  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.1 6.7 0.0 8.5  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 202.8 325.9 257.6 540.7 74.2 1,401.2 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 3 Carbon dioxide emitted from energy inputs used to produce electricity (including associated losses),

derived by calculating the manufacturing subsector share of the electric power sector’s total carbon dioxideemissions based upon the weighted share of electricity retail sales to (receipts by) the manufacturingsubsector.

4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401° F, other oils >= 401° F, special naphthas, waxes, andmiscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industrygroup (NAICS 324110).

5 Data are in million metric tons of carbon dioxide per quadrillion Btu of energy (including allocated

electricity losses).

6 Data are in metric tons of carbon dioxide per million chained (2000) dollars.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. 

Notes: • Data for this table from the "2006 Manufacturing 

available in time for publication. • Data are estimates for the first feedstocks or raw material inputs. "First use" is the consumptiooffsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) consumpestimates in this table have been computed. The revisions would estimates shown. • Electricity was converted from point-of-use to report. • See Table 2.2 for manufacturing energy use. • SeEmissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of seccomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form 

Consumption Survey," Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery RepEmissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2003 (May 2
Figure 12.5 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2008 By Source, 2008Energy Sources by Type 1980-2008 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2008354 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.2 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution.3 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution.4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.

5 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycl6 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals suc

swine. 

Source: Table 12.5.

Sources Sources Man

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane 31.3 in 1990 11.8 9.0 

Energy Agricultural W

05

1015

Million Metric Tons of Methane 29.5 in 2008

Stationary

Combustion4

Animal Waste

Rice Cultivatio

Natural Gas Systems2

Coal Mining

Mobile

 Combustion5

Enteric Fermentation

Petroleum Systems3

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2008

 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Coal

Mining

Natural

Gas

Systems 1

Petroleum

Systems 2

Mobile

Combustion 3

Stationary

Combustion 4 Total 5 Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment 6 Total 5

Enteric

Fermentation 7 Animal Waste 8 Rice Cultivation

Crop

Residue

Burning 

1980 R3.06 R4.26 NA 0.28 R0.45 R8.04 R10.52 0.52 R11.04 5.47 R2.92 0.48 0.04 1981 R2.81 R4.87 NA .27 R.45 R8.39 R10.69 .53 R11.22 5.56 R2.79 .54 .05 1982 3.23 R4.90 NA .27 R.46 R8.86 R10.64 .54 R11.17 5.50 R2.70 .47 .05 1983 3.02 R4.86 NA .27 R.46 R8.62 R10.67 .54 R11.21 5.46 R2.75 .31 .03 1984 R3.61 R4.96 NA .27 R.48 R9.31 R10.68 .66 R11.34 5.33 R2.68 .40 .04 1985 R3.89 R5.01 NA .26 R.48 R9.64 R10.65 .67 R11.32 5.27 R2.68 .36 R.04 1986 3.73 R4.89 NA .26 R.45 R9.34 R10.53 R.67 R11.21 5.13 R2.62 .34 .04 1987 4.01 R4.99 NA .25 R.43 R9.70 R10.63 .68 R11.31 5.08 R2.66 .33 .04 1988 R3.94 R5.14 NA .25 R.46 R9.79 R10.52 .69 R11.21 5.10 R2.67 .41 .03 1989 3.96 R5.30 NA .25 R.48 R9.99 R10.44 .70 R11.13 5.08 R2.54 .38 .04 1990 4.26 5.62 1.30 .24 R.37 R11.78 R10.41 R.91 R11.32 R5.81 R1.80 .40 .04 1991 4.09 5.84 1.31 .24 R.37 R11.84 R10.12 R.93 R11.05 R5.81 R1.90 .40 .04 1992 4.05 5.90 R1.26 .23 R.38 R11.83 R9.99 R.95 R10.94 R6.01 R1.92 .45 R.04 1993 3.39 5.89 1.21 .23 R.36 R11.08 R9.75 R.96 R10.71 R5.97 R1.98 .41 .04 1994 3.51 5.90 R1.17 .22 R.35 R11.17 R9.46 R.98 R10.44 R6.11 R2.05 .48 .05 1995 3.65 6.00 1.17 R.22 R.35 R11.39 R8.88 R1.00 R9.87 R6.20 R2.07 .44 .04 1996 3.20 6.02 R1.14 R.22 R.36 R10.95 R8.45 R1.01 R9.45 R6.10 R2.07 .41 R.04 1997 3.48 6.29 R1.14 R.22 R.33 R11.47 R7.81 R1.02 R8.83 R5.94 R2.19 .45 .05 1998 2.87 6.27 1.11 R.21 R.30 R10.77 R7.19 R1.03 R8.22 R5.86 R2.23 .47 .05 1999 3.11 6.28 R1.04 R.21 R.31 R10.96 R6.78 R1.05 R7.83 R5.84 R2.19 .50 .05 2000 R2.96 6.58 R1.03 .20 R.33 R11.11 R6.49 R1.05 R7.54 R5.76 R2.19 .44 .05 2001 2.96 6.40 1.03 R.20 R.30 R10.89 R6.19 R1.05 R7.23 R5.69 R2.21 .47 .05 2002 2.79 6.71 1.02 R.20 R.30 R11.02 R6.22 R1.06 R7.28 R5.70 R2.23 .44 R.04 2003 R2.79 6.67 1.01 R.20 R.31 R10.98 R6.53 R1.06 R7.59 R5.76 R2.25 .43 .05 2004 R2.93 R6.74 R.96 R.20 R.32 R11.15 R6.51 R1.07 R7.58 R5.72 R2.26 .47 R.05 2005 2.81 6.72 R.92 R.19 R.32 R10.97 R6.67 R1.08 R7.75 R5.82 2.42 .46 .05 2006 R2.85 R6.81 R.91 R.19 R.30 R11.07 R7.01 R1.10 R8.10 R5.90 R2.53 .39 .05 2007 2.84 7.06 R.90 R.19 R.31 R11.31 R7.38 R1.11 R8.48 R5.92 R2.53 .39 R.05 2008 3.28 7.15 .88 .19 .32 11.83 7.37 1.11 8.48 5.94 2.58 .42 .05 

1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution; processing is not included in 1980 and is

incompletely covered in 1981-1989. 2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution. 3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport. 4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 5 See notes on components for specific coverage, which is inconsistent prior to 1990 in some cases. 6 1980-1983, domestic wastewater only; 1984 forward, industrial and domestic wastewater. 7 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. 8 Estimation methods for 1990 forward reflect a shift in waste management away from liquid systems todry-lot systems, thus lowering emissions.

9 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity 

natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not inclmay be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic matpaddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimatiofrequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the lacommunity. • For information on units for http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/index.html, Table 4, titled "GrWarming Potentials. • Totals may not equal sum of componen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/enSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emi

States 2008 (December 2009), Tables 16-20; and EIA, Officestimates.
Figure 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980-2008 By Source, 2008Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2008 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2008356 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

1 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics) and nitric

acid production (primarily for fertilizers).

2 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

3 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood fo

Source: Table 12.6.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100150200250

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

731

214

Agricultural Energy Indu

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide 0.9 in 1990 1.0 in 2008

Stationary Combustion3

Sources 

Sources Proc

Mobile Combustion2

Solid Waste of Do

Nitrogen Fertilizatio

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2008

 (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Mobile

Combustion 1

Stationary

Combustion 2 Total

Waste

Combustion

Human

Sewage in

Wastewater Total

Nitrogen

Fertilization

of Soils

Crop

Residue

Burning

Solid Waste

of Domesticated

Animals Tota

1980 60 R44 R104 R1 R6 R7 R384 1 R219 R605 1981 63 R44 R106 R1 R7 R7 R400 2 R221 R623 1982 67 R42 R108 R1 R7 R7 R384 2 R221 R606 1983 71 R43 R114 R1 R7 R7 R339 1 R221 R561 1984 86 R45 R132 R1 R7 R7 R386 R1 R217 R604 1985 98 R46 R143 R1 R7 R8 R497 2 R211 R710 1986 107 R45 R152 R1 R7 R8 R479 R1 R205 R685 1987 120 R46 R166 1 R7 R8 R466 1 R200 R667 1988 138 R48 R185 1 R8 R8 R424 1 R197 R622 1989 146 R49 R194 R1 R8 R8 R467 R1 R193 R661 1990 126 R47 R173 1 R8 R9 R479 R1 R178 R659 1991 147 R46 R193 1 R8 R9 R483 R1 R179 R664 1992 153 R47 R200 1 R8 R9 R496 2 R181 R679 1993 159 R48 R207 1 R8 R9 R483 1 R182 R666 1994 165 R48 R214 1 R9 R10 R532 2 R184 R718 1995 R188 R49 R236 1 R9 R10 R481 R1 R186 R669 1996 R194 R51 R245 1 R9 R10 R475 2 R184 R661 1997 R191 R51 R242 1 R9 R10 R492 2 R181 R675 1998 R195 R51 R246 1 R9 R10 R502 2 R178 R682 1999 R193 R51 R244 1 R9 R10 R498 2 R177 R677 2000 R185 R53 R238 1 R9 R10 R491 2 R176 R668 2001 R182 R51 R233 1 R10 R11 R491 2 R174 R667 2002 R186 R51 R236 1 R10 R11 R479 2 R173 R654 2003 R187 R51 R238 1 R10 R11 R481 2 R172 R655 2004 R187 R52 R239 1 R10 R11 R545 2 R171 R718 2005 R178 R53 R231 1 R10 R11 R556 2 R174 R731 2006 R173 R52 R225 1 R10 R11 R564 2 R175 R741 2007 R172 R52 R224 1 R10 R11 R540 2 R175 R718 2008 164 51 214 1 10 11 554 2 175 731 

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid

production (primarily for fertilizers).

R=Revised. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • Because of the continuing goal to

improve estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are f

keeping with the latest findings of the international scientific commeasuring greenhouse gases, see http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/"Greenhouse Gases and 100-Year Net Global Warming Potentcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/envSources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emiss

States 2008 (December 2009), Table 21; and EIA, Office of Integr
Figure 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful The

Emissions by Type of Generating Unit, 2008

Emissions by Sector, 1989-2008

358 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

 7.4

(s)

 0.3

 0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources; tire-derived fuel, and

geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other

manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels; wood and wood-derived fuels;municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and otherbiomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

2 Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons.Sources: Tables 12.7a-12.7c.

1,995

420

48

15

Coal

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Other1

0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide

0.4

 0.1

 0.2

01

Million M

Nitrogen Oxides

1990 1995 2000 2005

06

12

18

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Sulfur Dioxide

1990 199

0

2

468

10

Million Metric Tons of Gas

Nitrogen Oxides

Total2

Electric

 Power Sector

Industrial Sector

Industrial Sector

Total2

Electric 

Power Sector

I

1990 1995 2000 2005

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.8

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Carbon Dioxide
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2008 (Sum of Tables 12.7b and 12.7c; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

1989 R1,569,402 R218,378 R145,387 R363 R5,587 R1,939,117 14,469 1 984 39 15,493 7,281 495 1990 R1,588,113 R233,846 R119,570 R384 R7,485 R1,949,397 14,281 1 937 243 15,462 7,119 513 1991 R1,587,870 R238,078 R111,344 R398 R8,442 R1,946,131 14,240 1 856 246 15,342 7,109 498 1992 R1,612,632 R248,143 R96,633 R400 R10,047 R1,967,855 14,060 1 704 264 15,030 6,975 477 1993 R1,682,814 R250,405 R108,196 R415 R10,396 R2,052,225 13,843 1 851 271 14,966 7,225 475 1994 R1,692,462 R276,301 R102,854 R384 R11,164 R2,083,165 13,398 1 794 279 14,472 7,005 513 1995 R1,715,103 R298,601 R77,050 R329 R11,964 R2,103,048 11,188 2 826 298 12,314 5,136 653 1996 R1,806,730 R277,856 R84,045 R360 R12,697 R2,181,688 11,811 1 876 R304 12,991 5,307 577 1997 R1,853,405 R293,139 R93,554 R374 R13,311 R2,253,783 12,211 1 965 303 13,480 5,322 619 1998 R1,881,697 R327,456 R123,659 R375 R12,774 R2,345,962 12,012 1 1,162 289 R13,464 5,123 700 1999 R1,888,460 R343,090 R115,882 R381 R12,738 R2,360,551 11,453 R1 1,101 288 12,843 4,687 632 2000 R1,979,815 R363,526 R108,550 R362 R12,297 R2,464,550 10,729 R1 933 300 11,963 4,370 614 2001 R1,914,324 R367,146 R117,256 R353 R12,950 R2,412,030 9,905 2 1,002 265 11,174 4,096 631 2002 R1,931,976 R378,950 R91,120 R372 R14,908 R2,417,327 9,786 2 773 321 R10,881 4,057 625 2003 R1,966,841 R345,119 R112,076 R371 R13,932 R2,438,338 9,688 2 717 239 10,646 3,607 453 2004 R1,982,570 R367,112 R115,811 R381 R14,097 R2,479,971 9,437 2 633 237 10,309 3,286 416 2005 R2,021,451 R383,461 R117,115 R377 R14,270 R2,536,675 9,499 2 R587 251 10,340 3,135 383 2006 R1,993,996 R404,278 R68,006 R374 R15,174 R2,481,829 8,867 2 427 227 9,524 2,996 399 2007 R2,022,577 R434,536 R67,790 R376 R14,527 R2,539,805 8,389 R3 422 227 9,042 2,870 382 2008 1,994,993 419,601 47,898 384 14,336 2,477,213 7,351 3 250 225 7,830 2,680 351 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, land

byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, 

R=Revised. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption f

output. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuSources: Tables 12.7b and 12.7c.
360 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table 12.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 12.7a; Thousand Metric Tons of Gas)

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

1989 R1,516,150 R169,649 R133,535 R363 R4,362 R1,824,060 13,815 1 810 7 14,633 7,055 390 1990 R1,529,951 R177,227 R101,791 R384 R5,792 R1,815,145 13,576 1 628 13 14,218 6,878 390 1991 R1,530,339 R180,537 R95,143 R398 R7,202 R1,813,619 13,590 1 621 15 14,227 6,886 384 1992 R1,552,442 R187,725 R79,149 R400 R8,471 R1,828,188 13,375 1 559 12 13,946 6,749 359 1993 R1,621,465 R188,286 R90,407 R415 R8,574 R1,909,148 13,133 1 735 13 13,882 6,996 357 1994 R1,629,449 R211,149 R85,009 R384 R9,309 R1,935,299 12,695 1 665 11 13,373 6,777 390 1995 R1,651,892 R228,675 R61,064 R329 R10,009 R1,951,968 10,573 1 581 34 11,189 4,974 402 1996 R1,742,763 R205,250 R66,117 R360 R9,929 R2,024,418 11,129 1 617 32 11,779 5,144 326 1997 R1,789,204 R220,174 R75,119 R374 R10,332 R2,095,203 11,515 1 653 36 12,205 5,157 370 1998 R1,819,497 R249,836 R105,638 R375 R10,165 R2,185,511 R11,373 1 911 37 12,321 4,965 431 1999 R1,826,026 R262,455 R97,937 R381 R10,267 R2,197,067 10,843 1 836 42 11,722 4,535 381 2000 R1,916,892 R283,034 R92,260 R362 R10,144 R2,302,692 10,140 1 746 45 10,932 4,225 338 2001 R1,856,326 R291,101 R102,903 R353 R10,896 R2,261,580 9,281 2 754 5 10,041 3,878 425 2002 R1,872,407 R307,455 R78,828 R372 R12,749 R2,271,811 9,106 2 R549 16 9,672 3,813 425 2003 R1,910,656 R279,300 R98,219 R371 R11,443 R2,299,988 9,255 2 579 13 9,849 3,496 282 2004 R1,922,932 R297,782 R100,249 R381 R11,165 R2,332,508 8,991 2 493 9 9,495 3,183 241 2005 R1,963,866 R320,545 R102,546 R377 R11,248 R2,398,582 9,071 2 461 10 9,543 3,051 243 2006 R1,937,791 R339,557 R55,373 R374 R11,529 R2,344,625 8,416 2 264 8 8,690 2,902 230 2007 R1,970,426 R373,268 R55,557 R376 R11,293 R2,410,920 8,002 3 265 9 8,279 2,781 236 2008 1,944,450 363,749 40,450 384 11,614 2,360,646 6,909 2 146 8 7,065 2,578 230 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

R=Revised. Notes: • There are small differences in carbon dioxide emissions values between this table and Table

12.2 due to differences in the methodologies for calculating the data. • Data are for emissions from energy

consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output. 

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants withibusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the publicindustrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 2, "ClassiSectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Admin

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Planforms). Data were adjusted by the Environmental Protection AgSystem.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal O

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2008 (Subset of Table 12.7a; Thousand Metric Tons o

Year

Carbon Dioxide 1 Sulfur Dioxide N

Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4

Geothermal 5

NonBiomass

Waste 6 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 Petroleum 4 Other 7 Total Coal 2

Natural

Gas 3 

Commercial Sector 8

1989 R2,314 R1,542 R637 – R804 R5,298 37 (s) 5 1 43 9 3 1990 R2,412 R2,294 R706 – R959 R6,371 39 (s) 4 1 45 10 6 1991 R2,675 R2,287 R544 – R1,014 R6,520 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 6 1992 R2,546 R2,787 R474 – R1,258 R7,064 32 (s) 3 1 35 10 7 1993 R2,982 R3,315 R616 – R1,285 R8,199 40 (s) 3 1 44 12 7 1994 R2,926 R3,722 R654 – R1,292 R8,594 39 (s) 3 (s) 42 11 8 1995 R3,100 R4,070 R509 – R1,462 R9,141 30 (s) 3 3 35 8 20 1996 R3,633 R4,369 R534 – R2,023 R10,558 40 (s) 3 4 47 9 23 1997 R3,864 R4,654 R719 – R2,274 R11,511 43 (s) 3 6 51 10 34 1998 R3,336 R4,707 R835 – R2,075 R10,953 37 (s) 5 4 45 10 35 1999 R3,463 R4,535 R742 – R2,008 R10,747 34 (s) 4 4 42 9 28 2000 R3,627 R4,605 R740 – R1,684 R10,656 33 (s) 4 7 43 8 38 2001 R3,361 R4,280 R839 – R1,418 R9,898 43 (s) 4 2 48 13 19 2002 R3,018 R4,035 R571 – R1,520 R9,145 41 (s) 2 2 46 13 20 2003 R3,894 R3,222 R683 – R1,706 R9,505 32 (s) 3 1 36 9 16 2004 R4,009 R3,916 R920 – R1,962 R10,807 30 (s) 3 2 35 8 18 2005 R4,022 R3,701 R759 – R1,897 R10,378 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 24 2006 R3,899 R3,686 R445 – R1,946 R9,975 33 (s) 3 1 36 9 35 2007 R3,984 R3,800 R363 – R1,635 R9,783 33 (s) 3 1 37 10 16 2008 4,145 3,591 310 – 1,953 9,999 32 (s) 1 (s) 33 9 14 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 R50,937 R47,187 R11,215 – R420 R109,760 616 (s) 169 32 817 218 100 1990 R55,750 R54,325 R17,072 – R734 R127,881 666 (s) 304 229 1,199 233 116 1991 R54,856 R55,254 R15,657 – R225 R125,993 618 (s) 232 230 1,080 215 108 1992 R57,644 R57,631 R17,009 – R319 R132,603 655 (s) 143 251 1,049 218 110 1993 R58,367 R58,803 R17,172 – R536 R134,878 671 (s) 113 257 1,041 219 110 1994 R60,087 R61,430 R17,192 – R563 R139,271 664 (s) 126 267 1,057 219 114 1995 R60,112 R65,856 R15,477 – R493 R141,939 585 (s) 243 262 1,090 154 231 1996 R60,334 R68,237 R17,394 – R746 R146,711 642 (s) 256 268 1,166 154 228 1997 R60,337 R68,311 R17,716 – R704 R147,069 653 (s) 309 261 1,223 155 215 1998 R58,864 R72,914 R17,186 – R535 R149,498 603 (s) 247 248 1,099 148 234 1999 R58,971 R76,100 R17,204 – R463 R152,738 576 (s) 260 243 1,080 144 223 2000 R59,297 R75,887 R15,549 – R469 R151,202 556 (s) 184 248 988 138 238 2001 R54,637 R71,765 R13,514 – R636 R140,552 581 (s) 245 259 1,085 206 187 2002 R56,551 R67,460 R11,720 – R639 R136,370 639 (s) 221 303 1,163 231 181 2003 R52,290 R62,598 R13,174 – R783 R128,845 401 (s) 135 224 761 102 155 2004 R55,628 R65,413 R14,643 – R970 R136,655 415 (s) 136 227 779 95 157 2005 R53,563 R59,216 R13,810 – R1,126 R127,715 395 (s) 124 241 760 75 117 2006 R52,306 R61,035 R12,188 – R1,700 R127,229 419 (s) 161 218 798 86 134 2007 R48,166 R57,467 R11,870 – R1,599 R119,103 353 1 154 217 726 79 129 2008 46,399 52,261 7,139 – 769 106,568 411 1 103 217 731 93 107 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuel. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agriculturalbyproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. – = No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption for 

output. • See Table 12.7b for electric power sector data. • SeInto Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Useful Thnot equal sums of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: Carbon Dioxide: U.S. Energy Information Admini

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" (and predecessor Oxides: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-923, "Power Planforms). Data were adjusted by the Environmental Protection AgSystem.
Figure 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Env

Equipment

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2008Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-20082 Coal Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum and Natural 

1985-20082 by Equipment Type, 19

362 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Coal Units Petroleum and Natur

Particulate Collectors

Thousand Megawatts

329

161

140

27

74

Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Flue Gas Particulate Collectors Cooling Towe

0

50

100150200250300350

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Collectors

Cooling Towers

Flue Gas Desulfurization1

Particulate Colle

Desulfurization1 

Cooling Towers

Cooling Towers

1 Also called “scrubbers.”2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of

100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulatedgenerating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) inoperating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts orgreater, or combustible-renewable steam electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.Note: • Components are not additive because some ge

one category.

Source: Table 12.8.

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 

0

255075

Thousand Megawatts
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Fossil-Fuel Steam-Electric Generators With Environme

 1985-2008 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal Petroleum and Natural Gas 

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers

Flue Gas

Desulfurization

(Scrubbers) Total 1

Particulate

Collectors 1

Coolin

Towers 

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,481986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,651987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,781988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,801989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,081990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,551991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,631992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,031993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 – 58,580 350,808 164,801994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 – 57,123 351,180 165,451995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 – 54,942 351,198 165,291996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 – 55,275 352,154 166,741997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 – 56,485 352,068 166,881998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 – 55,764 351,790 166,891999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 – 55,812 353,480 175,522000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 – 57,697 352,727 175,5220012 329,187 154,747 97,804 329,187 31,575 34,649 184 61,634 360,762 189,392002 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 45,920 310 72,008 359,338 200,672003 328,587 155,158 99,257 328,587 29,422 55,770 310 81,493 358,009 210,922004 328,506 157,968 101,182 328,506 27,402 57,082 310 81,450 355,782 214,982005 328,720 158,493 101,338 328,720 27,005 59,214 310 83,307 355,599 217,642006 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2007 328,194 159,388 118,739 328,501 26,521 69,993 310 93,586 354,572 229,192008 329,332 161,424 139,877 329,746 26,604 73,792 386 97,515 355,764 234,92

1 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category. 2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100

megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 10 megawatts or greater.

NA=Not available. – = No data reported.Note: See "Particulate Collectors," "Cooling Tower," and "Flue Gas Desulfurization" in Glossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/fuelSources: • 1985-1996—U.S. Energy Information Administrat

Plant Operation and Design Report." • 1997-2005—EIA, ElecTable 3.10, and Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operati2008—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2008 (January 2010), Table 3Generator Report."
Environment

Note. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass EnergyCombustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass

to produce energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions reported in

the Annual Energy Review. According to current international convention (see theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s “2006 IPCC Guidelines for NationalGreenhouse Gas Inventories”), carbon released through biomass combustion isexcluded from reported energy-related emissions. The release of carbon frombiomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not tosay that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required in order to grow,fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.)However, analysts have debated whether increased use of biomass energy may resultin a decline in terrestrial carbon stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbonrather than the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported energyrelated emissions. For example, the clearing of forests for biofuel crops could resultin an initial release of carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of theland for agriculture.

To reflect the potential net emissions, the international inventories is to report biomass emissions in the cateother land use,” usually based on estimates of net changThis indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from bi

confusion in accounting for and understanding the 

energy and non-energy systems. In recognition of thi

sions from biomass combustion alongside other energ

an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, hing emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy Instead, the combined total of direct CO2 emission

related CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of 

ously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks offset any such sequestration.According to the EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 

emissions from biomass energy combustion woulenergy-related CO2 emissions by 353 million metr

these emissions are all offset by biological sequestratizero as assumed in EIA’s totals.

364 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heatcontent rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review andare commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heatcontent rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The differencebetween the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize waterthat is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different intheir gross and net heat content rates. See “Heat Content” and “British thermal unit(Btu)” in the Glossary for more information.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and arelabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. S

 Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/1 Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel hea

 2 See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents be

heat contents.

Miscellaneous .............................Waxes ..................................Unfractionated Stream ........................Unfinished Oils ............................Still Gas .................................Special Naphthas ...........................Road Oil .................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Propane .................................Plant Condensate ...........................Petroleum Coke ............................

Still Gas ..............................Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F .........Naphtha less than 401° F ....................

Petrochemical FeedstocksPentanes Plus ..............................

Natural Gasoline ............................

Reformulated ...........................

 Oxygenated ............................

Conventional ...........................

Motor Gasoline2

Lubricants ................................Kerosene ................................Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ........................Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .......................Isobutane ................................Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ........Ethane ..................................Distillate Fuel Oil 

1 ...........................

Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) .......Butane ..................................Aviation Gasoline ...........................Asphalt .................................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleu

(Million Btu per Barrel)

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Appendix A

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
366 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Production Imports Ex

Crude Oil 1

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids Crude Oil 1

Petroleum

Products Total Crude Oil 1

Petr

Pro

1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 51950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 51955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 51960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 51965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 51970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 51971 5.800 4.117 5.824 6.062 5.961 5.800 51972 5.800 4.070 5.809 6.045 5.935 5.800 51973 5.800 4.049 5.817 5.983 5.897 5.800 51974 5.800 4.011 5.827 5.959 5.884 5.800 51975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 51976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 51977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 51978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 51979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 51980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 51981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 51982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 51983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 51984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 51985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 51986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 51987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 51988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 51989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 51990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 51991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 51992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 51993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 51994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 51995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 51996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 51997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 51998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 51999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 52000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 52001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 52002 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 52003 5.800 3.739 5.970 5.438 5.857 5.800 52004 5.800 3.724 5.981 5.475 5.863 5.800 52005 5.800 3.724 5.977 5.474 5.845 5.800 52006 5.800 3.712 5.980 5.454 5.842 5.800 52007 5.800 3.701 5.985 5.503 5.862 5.800 52008 5.800 R3.706 5.990 R5.479 R5.866 5.800 R52009P 5.800 3.690 5.989 5.530 5.885 5.800 5

1 Includes lease condensate.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentati
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production, Selected Yea

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Total Petroleum 1 Consumption by Sector Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Consumption 6

Motor

Gasoline

Consumption 7

Fuel

Ethanol 8

Fuel

Ethanol

Feedstock

Factor 9 B

Residential Commercial 2 

Industrial 2

Transportation 2,3 Electric Power 4,5 Total 2

1949 R5.511 R5.824 5.946 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1950 R5.500 R5.829 5.940 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1955 R5.498 R5.794 5.867 5.408 6.254 5.591 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1960 R5.451 R5.798 5.800 5.388 6.267 5.555 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1965 R5.403 R5.780 5.728 5.387 6.267 5.532 4.011 5.253 NA NA 1970 R5.244 R5.700 5.603 5.393 6.252 5.503 63.779 5.253 NA NA 1971 R5.240 R5.684 5.598 5.389 6.245 5.504 3.772 5.253 NA NA 1972 R5.221 R5.658 5.563 5.388 6.233 5.500 3.760 5.253 NA NA 1973 R5.233 R5.677 5.569 5.395 6.245 5.515 3.746 5.253 NA NA 1974 R5.223 R5.668 5.538 5.394 6.238 5.504 3.730 5.253 NA NA 1975 R5.219 R5.631 5.527 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 5.253 NA NA 1976 R5.243 R5.655 5.536 5.395 6.251 5.504 3.711 5.253 NA NA 1977 R5.242 R5.661 5.554 5.400 6.249 5.518 3.677 5.253 NA NA 1978 R5.242 R5.643 5.554 5.404 6.251 5.519 3.669 5.253 NA NA 1979 R5.330 R5.701 5.419 5.428 6.258 5.494 3.680 5.253 NA NA 1980 R5.280 R5.735 5.374 5.440 6.254 5.479 3.674 5.253 R3.563 6.586 1981 R5.231 R5.671 5.312 5.432 6.258 5.448 3.643 5.253 R3.563 6.562 1982 R5.205 R5.673 5.263 5.422 6.258 5.415 3.615 5.253 R3.563 6.539 1983 R5.064 R5.565 5.275 5.415 6.255 5.406 3.614 5.253 R3.563 6.515 1984 R5.247 R5.634 5.222 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 5.253 R3.563 6.492 1985 R5.198 R5.568 5.215 5.422 6.247 5.387 3.603 5.253 R3.563 6.469 1986 R5.214 R5.609 5.283 5.425 6.257 5.418 3.640 5.253 R3.563 6.446 1987 R5.188 R5.571 5.248 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 5.253 R3.563 6.423 1988 R5.206 R5.573 5.241 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 5.253 R3.563 6.400 1989 R5.146 R5.525 5.234 5.437 46.240 5.410 3.683 5.253 R3.563 6.377 1990 R5.073 R5.521 5.270 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 5.253 R3.563 6.355 1991 R5.014 R5.491 5.186 5.440 6.246 5.384 3.614 5.253 R3.563 6.332 1992 R5.050 R5.477 5.185 5.442 6.238 5.378 3.624 5.253 R3.563 6.309 1993 R5.019 2,R5.461 25.196 25.436 6.230 25.379 3.606 5.253 R3.563 6.287 1994 R5.026 R5.477 5.166 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 75.230 R3.563 6.264 1995 R4.982 R5.435 5.137 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 5.215 R3.563 6.242 1996 R4.906 R5.384 5.133 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 5.216 R3.563 6.220 1997 R4.897 R5.341 5.138 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 5.213 R3.563 6.198 1998 R4.882 R5.313 5.155 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 5.212 R3.563 6.176 1999 R4.801 R5.231 5.113 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 5.211 R3.563 6.167 2000 R4.804 R5.257 5.082 5.421 6.189 5.326 3.607 5.210 R3.563 6.159 2001 R4.838 R5.270 5.164 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 5.210 R3.563 6.151 2002 R4.781 R5.234 5.116 5.410 6.173 5.324 3.613 5.208 R3.563 6.143 2003 R4.812 R5.253 5.161 5.408 6.182 5.340 3.629 5.207 R3.563 R6.116 2004 R4.858 R5.271 5.164 5.420 6.192 5.350 3.618 5.215 R3.563 R6.089 2005 R4.818 R5.312 5.200 5.426 6.188 5.365 3.620 5.218 R3.563 R6.063 2006 R4.787 R5.251 5.179 5.431 6.143 5.353 3.605 5.218 R3.563 R6.036 2007 R4.731 R5.235 5.146 5.433 6.151 5.346 3.591 5.219 R3.563 R6.009 2008 R4.598 R5.095 R5.175 R5.426 R6.123 5.339 R3.600 5.218 R3.563 R5.983 2009 E4.512 E5.015 E5.080 3,E5.412 P6.105 P5.303 P3.553 P5.218 3.563 5.957 

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. 

Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in each category are calculated by usingheat content values shown in Table A1. 2 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 3 Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whoseprimary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. 5 Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1. 7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted factor—quantity-weighted averages of the majorcomponents of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown inTable A1.

8 Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are

weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus usedas denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant (5.253

million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 

9 Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn pe

used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 2002, and 2.764 in 2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is ascontent of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to 3.539 million Btu per barrel. 10 Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. It is soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million to produce one barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross hpound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Residential and commercial petroleum heat contents are revise

change in the estimation methodology for the physical data in Table 5.13a. this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aeSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which 
368 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption 1

Marketed Dry End-Use Sectors Imports 

2 Electric Power Sector 3 Total

1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 – – 1955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1971 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1972 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1973 1,093 1,021 1,020 1,024 1,021 1,026 1974 1,097 1,024 1,024 1,022 1,024 1,027 1975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,107 1,031 1,031 31,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 2001 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 2002 1,106 1,027 1,029 1,020 1,027 1,022 2003 1,106 R1,028 R1,029 1,025 R1,028 1,025 2004 R1,104 R1,026 R1,026 1,027 R1,026 1,025 2005 R1,104 R1,028 R1,028 1,028 R1,028 1,025 2006 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 2007 1,104 R1,029 R1,030 1,027 R1,029 1,025 2008 R1,100 R1,027 R1,027 1,027 R1,027 1,025 2009 E1,100 E1,026 E1,027 P1,025 E1,026 E1,025 

1 Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. 3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are forelectric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. – – = Not applicable. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "HWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.goSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentatio
 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2009

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production 1

Waste Coal

Supplied 2

Consumption

Imports Ex

Residential

and Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other 4,5 Total 3

1949 24.916 NA 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 261950 25.090 NA 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 261955 25.201 NA 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 261960 24.906 NA 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 261965 24.775 NA 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 261970 23.842 NA 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 261971 23.507 NA 23.090 26.784 22.670 22.301 23.124 25.000 261972 23.389 NA 22.998 26.782 22.550 22.204 23.036 25.000 261973 23.376 NA 22.831 26.780 22.586 22.246 23.057 25.000 261974 23.072 NA 22.479 26.778 22.419 21.781 22.677 25.000 261975 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 261976 22.855 NA 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 261977 22.597 NA 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 261978 22.248 NA 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 261979 22.454 NA 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 261980 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 261981 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 261982 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 261983 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 261984 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 261985 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 261986 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 261987 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 261988 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 261989 21.765 210.391 23.650 26.800 22.347 420.898 21.307 25.000 261990 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 261991 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 261992 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 261993 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 261994 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 261995 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 261996 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 261997 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 261998 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 261999 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 262000 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 262001 120.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 252002 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 262003 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 252004 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 262005 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 252006 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 252007 20.340 12.090 22.069 26.329 22.371 19.909 20.168 25.000 252008 R20.208 R12.121 R21.887 26.281 22.348 R19.713 R19.977 25.000 252009P 19.973 12.245 21.285 26.334 21.893 19.536 19.753 25.000 25

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine,

and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible materials).

2 Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and industrial sectors. Beginning in1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coalincluded in "Consumption." 3 Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants. 4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pub

electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and in

5 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, s

coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat CWeb Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," wh
370 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Approximate Heat Rates 1 for Electricity Net Generation

Heat C

Elec

Fossil-Fueled Plants 2,3 Nuclear Plants 4 Geothermal Energy Plants 5 

1949 15,033 – – – – 1950 14,030 – – – – 1955 11,699 – – – – 1960 10,760 11,629 23,200 1965 10,453 11,804 22,182 1970 10,494 10,977 21,606 1971 10,478 10,837 21,655 1972 10,379 10,792 21,668 1973 10,389 10,903 21,674 1974 10,442 11,161 21,674 1975 10,406 11,013 21,611 1976 10,373 11,047 21,611 1977 10,435 10,769 21,611 1978 10,361 10,941 21,611 1979 10,353 10,879 21,545 1980 10,388 10,908 21,639 1981 10,453 11,030 21,639 1982 10,454 11,073 21,629 1983 10,520 10,905 21,290 1984 10,440 10,843 21,303 1985 10,447 10,622 21,263 1986 10,446 10,579 21,263 1987 10,419 10,442 21,263 1988 10,324 10,602 21,096 1989 10,432 10,583 21,096 1990 10,402 10,582 21,096 1991 10,436 10,484 20,997 1992 10,342 10,471 20,914 1993 10,309 10,504 20,914 1994 10,316 10,452 20,914 1995 10,312 10,507 20,914 1996 10,340 10,503 20,960 1997 10,213 10,494 20,960 1998 10,197 10,491 21,017 1999 10,226 10,450 21,017 2000 10,201 10,429 21,017 2001 210,333 R10,443 21,017 2002 10,173 R10,442 21,017 2003 10,241 10,421 21,017 2004 10,022 10,427 21,017 2005 9,999 R10,436 21,017 2006 9,919 R10,436 21,017 2007 9,884 R10,485 21,017 2008 R9,854 R10,453 21,017 2009 E9,854 E10,453 E21,017 

1 The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary. 2 Used as the thermal conversion factor for hydro, solar/photovoltaic, and wind electricity net generation

to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as thethermal conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.

3 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in

2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and electricity-only independent powerproducers.

4 Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generatio5 Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity net gener6 See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 7 The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the 

electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. – – = Not applicable. Web Page: For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aeSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which f
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu

per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.

Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petroleum

Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to

the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 and

converting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal

memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard AverFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 

and Propane.

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, CommEastern Transmission Corporation in the report Ccan Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Militaryern Transmission Corporation in the report CompEnergy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of histoKerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Minof Mines Standard Average Heating Values of V

1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 194Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constanbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by Econversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gweighted by the quantities consumed. The compoleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propabutane (including butylene), butane-propane mixand isobutane. For 1967–1980, quantities consumReports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu per

barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption. • 1949–1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix Vof Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968

release of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculatednational annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, “Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced

weighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu

or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor fordistillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu

per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,Adopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines

internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, aForm 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe commercial sector weighted by the estimated commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum producial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Shttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Cthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the electric power sector weighted by the quantpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power predecessor forms.Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calcuaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantisector. The quantities of petroleum products consumestimated in the State Energy Data Systhttp://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calcaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantial sector. The quantities of petroleum products conare estimated in the State Energy Data Sys

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_pePetroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annuallthermal conversion factors for all petroleum producquantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. the average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the transportation sector weighted by the estimattransportation sector. The quantities of petroleum prportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Daat http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities exported.Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities imported.

372 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from data

provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btuper barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1970.Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weightedby the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products

Exports.Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product importedweighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 millionBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and firstpublished it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418million Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate)

and first published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2, 1981.

Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.537 million Btu per barrelas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,Annual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Conten

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu per pound. Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil inp(million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel) as thinputs to the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.4needed to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA algross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the thermal 

Btu per barrel published in “Oxygenate Flexibility foby William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical CompaReformulated Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implember 1991.Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). • 1981

–2008: EIA 

Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity-weightesion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 millio

used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per baconsumed is from EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly able fuels and oxygenate plant net production opentanes plus used as denaturant is from EIA, PSfuels and oxygenate plant net production of pentanquantity of conventional motor gasoline used as d1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant motor gasoline, multiplied by -1.Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured emate total biomass inputs to the production of undeof Agriculture observed ethanol yields (gallons undewere 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and ethanol yields in other years. EIA also assumed tha0.392 million Btu per bushel.

Approximate Heat Content 

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sec

by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumthe quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIReport,” and predecessor forms.

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the heat content of natural gas consumed by the end-use sectors(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.Data are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental GasSupply and Disposition.”Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949–1962: EIA adopted the thermalconversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated by the Bureau of Minesand first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956. • 1963–1979: EIA

adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by the American GasAssociation (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annual publication. •1980 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of

natural gas consumed by the total quantity consumed.

Natural Gas Exports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas exported by the quantity exported. For 1973–1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949–1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermalconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (see Natural Gas Consumption,Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content ofnatural gas imported by the quantity imported. For 1973–1995, data are from FormFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas.” Beginning in1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, NaturalGas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.

Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing theheat content of dry natural gas produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) andnatural gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production) by

the total quantity of marketed natural gas produced.

Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of24.800 million Btu per short ton.

Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calc

dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-9Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plantby dividing the heat content of coal consumed bconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly CReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Cadividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly CReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial SEIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed bcial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 199“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data heat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-92Report,” and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by content of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quCoal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividcoal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “MCoal Imports. • 1949–1963: Calculated annually content of coal imported by the quantity imported. EIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to basupply (production and imports) and the heat contenstock change, and consumption). Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA bof waste coal supplied by the quantity supplied. FForm EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producdata are from Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric GFor 2001 forward, data are from Form EIA-3, “QuQuality Report—Manufacturing Plants”; Form EIA-

Report”; and predecessor forms. 

374 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil-Fueled Plants. There is no generally acceptedpractice for measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants that generateelectricity from hydro, wind, photovoltaic, or solar thermal energy sources.Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual average heat ratefactor for fossil-fueled power plants in the United States. By using that factor, it ispossible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing those sources during periods of interruption, such as droughts. The heat content of a kilowatthour of electricity produced, regardless of the generation process, is 3,412 Btu. • 1949–1955: Theweighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants inthe United States, as published by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant ConstructionCost and Annual Production Expenses—1981 and Steam-Electric Plant

Construction Cost and Annual Production Expenses—1978. • 1956–1988: Theweighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants inthe United States, as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9. • 1989–2000: Calculated annually by EIA by usingheat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (andpredecessor forms); and net generation data reported on Form EIA-759, “MonthlyPower Plant Report.” The computation includes data for all electric utility steamelectric plants using fossil fuels. • 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA byusing fuel consumption and net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, “Power

Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms. all electric utilities and electricity-only independen

fuels.

Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal Energlated annually by EIA by weighting the annual geothermal units by the installed nameplate capa12, “Power System Statement.” • 1982 forward: the basis of an informal survey of relevant plants.Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear Plants. • by dividing the total heat content consumed in nu(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating unity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, “Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIA-412, “Utilities”; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Plants 1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat “Annual Electric Generator Report” (and predecreported on Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operforms).

 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that

historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units,barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerceinvolves other nations, most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S.Government is committed to the transition to the metric system, as stated inthe Metric Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94–168), amended by theOmnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100–418), and

Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.

The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate themetric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For

example, 500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tonsIn the metric system of weights and measures, the nsions of any unit may be derived by combining the such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectivcenti, and milli, meaning, respectively, oneone-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be foThe conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be various physical units commonly used in energy anaare the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barregallons).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes,

 and Other Physical Conversion Factors
378 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html. Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) 

=

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

= d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal)

=

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu)

= c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in

= 2

)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft

= 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd

= 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi

= 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre

= 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in)

=

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft)

=

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd)

=

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi)

=

1 cubic inch (in

= 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)

= 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal)

= 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft

= 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd

= 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl)

= 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

= 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb)

=

1 long ton

= 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb)

= 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro

μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli

m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Appendix C

Figure C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale.

Web Page: See www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Appendix D

Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2009

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States 1 World

United States

as Share of World

Billion

Nominal Dollars 2

Billion

Real (2005) Dollars 3

Implicit 

Million People Percent (200

1949 149.2 NA NA R267.2 R1,844.7 R1950 152.3 2,556.0 6.0 R293.7 R2,006.0 1955 165.9 2,780.9 6.0 R414.7 R2,500.3 1960 180.7 3,041.7 5.9 526.4 R2,830.9 1965 194.3 3,349.3 5.8 719.1 R3,610.1 1970 205.1 3,712.0 5.5 R1,038.3 R4,269.9 1971 207.7 R3,789.5 5.5 R1,126.8 R4,413.3 1972 209.9 R3,865.8 5.4 R1,237.9 R4,647.7 1973 211.9 R3,941.6 5.4 R1,382.3 R4,917.0 1974 213.9 R4,016.1 5.3 R1,499.5 R4,889.9 1975 216.0 R4,088.6 5.3 R1,637.7 R4,879.5 1976 218.0 R4,159.8 5.2 R1,824.6 R5,141.3 1977 220.2 R4,231.5 5.2 R2,030.1 R5,377.7 1978 222.6 R4,303.1 5.2 R2,293.8 R5,677.6 1979 225.1 R4,377.5 5.1 R2,562.2 R5,855.0 1980 227.2 R4,452.5 5.1 R2,788.1 R5,839.0 1981 229.5 4,528.9 5.1 R3,126.8 R5,987.2 1982 231.7 4,608.7 5.0 R3,253.2 R5,870.9 1983 233.8 R4,690.3 5.0 R3,534.6 R6,136.2 1984 235.8 R4,770.5 4.9 R3,930.9 R6,577.1 1985 237.9 R4,852.1 4.9 R4,217.5 R6,849.3 1986 240.1 4,935.9 4.9 R4,460.1 R7,086.5 1987 242.3 R5,022.0 4.8 R4,736.4 R7,313.3 1988 244.5 R5,108.9 4.8 R5,100.4 R7,613.9 1989 246.8 R5,195.7 R4.8 R5,482.1 R7,885.9 1990 249.6 R5,283.7 4.7 R5,800.5 R8,033.9 1991 253.0 R5,367.2 4.7 R5,992.1 R8,015.1 1992 256.5 R5,451.7 4.7 R6,342.3 R8,287.1 1993 259.9 R5,534.1 4.7 R6,667.4 R8,523.4 1994 263.1 R5,615.3 4.7 R7,085.2 R8,870.7 1995 266.3 R5,696.7 4.7 R7,414.7 R9,093.7 1996 269.4 R5,776.9 4.7 R7,838.5 R9,433.9 1997 272.6 R5,855.1 4.7 R8,332.4 R9,854.3 1998 275.9 R5,932.1 R4.7 R8,793.5 R10,283.5 1999 279.0 R6,008.3 4.6 R9,353.5 R10,779.8 2000 282.2 R6,083.6 4.6 R9,951.5 R11,226.0 2001 R285.1 R6,159.2 4.6 R10,286.2 R11,347.2 2002 R287.8 R6,234.4 4.6 R10,642.3 R11,553.0 2003 R290.3 R6,308.5 4.6 R11,142.1 R11,840.7 2004 R293.0 R6,382.4 4.6 R11,867.8 R12,263.8 2005 R295.8 R6,456.4 4.6 R12,638.4 R12,638.4 R2006 R298.6 R6,531.0 4.6 R13,398.9 R12,976.2 R2007 R301.6 R6,606.2 R4.6 R14,077.6 R13,254.1 R2008 R304.4 R6,681.1 R4.6 R14,441.4 R13,312.2 R2009 307.0 6,756.0 4.5 14,256.3 12,987.4 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year. 2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2005) dollars. See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2005)

dollars.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For all data beginning in 1949, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/append_d.html.

• For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.bea.gov/.

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989—U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC

Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, June 2000. • 1990-1999—DOCCensus, State Population Estimates, April 11, 2002. • 2000 forward—DOC, U.S. BState Population Estimates, December 2009. World Population: • 1950 forward—the Census, International Database (April 13, 2010). U.S. Gross Domestic forward—DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product AccouTables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Table E1. Estimated Primary Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-194

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Biomass

Wood Total 1

1635 NA – – – – NA – – (s) (s) 1645 NA – – – – NA – – 0.001 0.001 1655 NA – – – – NA – – .002 .002 1665 NA – – – – NA – – .005 .005 1675 NA – – – – NA – – .007 .007 1685 NA – – – – NA – – .009 .009 1695 NA – – – – NA – – .014 .014 1705 NA – – – – NA – – .022 .022 1715 NA – – – – NA – – .037 .037 1725 NA – – – – NA – – .056 .056 1735 NA – – – – NA – – .080 .080 1745 NA – – – – NA – – .112 .112 1755 NA – – – – NA – – .155 .155 1765 NA – – – – NA – – .200 .200 1775 NA – – – – NA – – .249 .249 1785 NA – – – – NA – – .310 .310 1795 NA – – – – NA – – .402 .402 1805 NA – – – – NA – – .537 .537 1815 NA – – – – NA – – .714 .714 1825 NA – – – – NA – – .960 .960 1835 NA – – – – NA – – 1.305 1.305 1845 NA – – – – NA – – 1.757 1.757 1850 0.219 – – – – 0.219 – – 2.138 2.138 1855 .421 – – – – .421 – – 2.389 2.389 1860 .518 – – 0.003 .521 – – 2.641 2.641 1865 .632 – – .010 .642 – – 2.767 2.767 1870 1.048 – – .011 1.059 – – 2.893 2.893 1875 1.440 – – .011 1.451 – – 2.872 2.872 1880 2.054 – – .096 2.150 – – 2.851 2.851 1885 2.840 0.082 .040 2.962 – – 2.683 2.683 1890 4.062 .257 .156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 1895 4.950 .147 .168 5.265 .090 2.306 2.396 1900 6.841 .252 .229 7.322 .250 2.015 2.265 1905 10.001 .372 .610 10.983 .386 1.843 2.229 1910 12.714 .540 1.007 14.261 .539 1.765 2.304 1915 13.294 .673 1.418 15.385 .659 1.688 2.347 1920 15.504 .813 2.676 18.993 .738 1.610 2.348 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 .668 1.533 2.201 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 .752 1.455 2.207 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 .806 1.397 2.203 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 .880 1.358 2.238 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 

1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for

fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data are for wood and wood-derived fuels (see Table 10.1).

NA=Not available. – – = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available. • See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation

of these data series from 1949 forward. • See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," atend of section.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:

• 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States

1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood con

converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu pedecade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the increase during any given decade and the average annual vayearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of tare plotted at 10-year intervals. • 1850-1945: Energy in the AElectricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 185difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroekilowatthour.

Appendix E
Appendix E

Note: Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia? The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well

as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become 

the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the contthough the last of the 48 States to achieve statehoLikewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but isuch as Utah and Washington (State), which weregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: State-level historical coal consumption. The coal da1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., productio

The geographic coverage for coal was therefore baseStates listed in various historical issues of Minerals was consumed in States where it was not mined in sigBy energy source, the extent of coverage can be summ

coal-producing States by 1885. • Natural Gas—

District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Petrole

the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, bStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. • W

and the District of Columbia by 1810.

386 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation applications, include thefollowing: methanol; denatured ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas

(propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived

from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel); electricity (includingelectricity from solar energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines, byrule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security

benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" doesnot include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-based fuelsused as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the10-percent ethanol portion of gasohol.

Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative

fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle

could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively on alternativefuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel. Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as

hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is lessthan 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btuper short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthraciteconsumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steamelectric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btuper short ton or less. See Coal Rank. Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human oterm is used in the context of global climate chanthat are the result of human activities, as well as 

activities, such as deforestation.

API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade asAPI Gravity: American Petroleum Institute mea

oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale exliquid petroleum products. The measuring scale 

API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (131.5.Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like mate

essing and containing bitumens as the predominaroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as weucts: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of empetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to m

conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per shoASTM: The American Society for Testing and MaAviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

ing or compounding into finished aviation gaso

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene)ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxyghydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixturbons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel speSpecification D910 and Military Specification MI

ing components are not counted in data on finished 

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of inpprocess under usual operating conditions. The acapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the m

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 

Glossary
all units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability of

downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that

are distributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normaloperation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types andgrades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraintsassociated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduleddowntime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, andturnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to

such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.

Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability ratesthroughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas

volume.

Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils;animal fats; and recycled grease. It can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived

diesel fuel or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived fromvegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements ofASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) D 6751.Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass (plant)feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses theterm “biogenic” to refer only to organic nonfossil material of biological origin.Biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable

energy source. See Biodiesel, Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood

and Wood-Derived Fuels.Biomass Waste: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product. “Biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste frombiogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural crop byproducts, straw,

and other biomass solids, liquids, and gases; but excludes wood and woodderived fuels (including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel, and fuel

ethanol. Note: EIA “biomass waste” data also include energy crops grown

specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often

with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in

steam-electric power generation, with substantial qupower applications in manufacturing and making most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Iless than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminomillion Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matteof bituminous coal consumed in the United States short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containin

mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. "black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnacertain basic chemicals.Breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usu

1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most ofteprocess of agglomerating iron ore.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat ture of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenhwater has its greatest density (approximately 39 d

Content.

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting enmeasurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu c

used to convert energy data from physical units of m

feet, or short tons) into the energy-equivale

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for furthsion factors.)Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircrafconsisting primarily of residual fuel oil and dist

kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term “interto denote the consumption of fuel for international the purposes of greenhouse gas emissions invento

combustion of international bunker fuels are subtra

totals. Historically, bunker fuels have meant only sh

Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or b(C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

and normal butane and is designated in ASTM S

Processors Association Specifications for commerci

388 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It

is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is acolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from refinery processes.

Capacity: See Generator Capacity.

Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Captive Coal: Coal produced to satisfy the needs of the mine owner, or of a parent,subsidiary, or other affiliate of the mine owner (for example, steel companies andelectricity generators), rather than for open market sale. See Open Market Coal.

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas (CO2) that is a normal

part of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infraredenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to thepotential for global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) of othergreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific convention is assigned a value of one (1).Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emittedinto the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as agiven weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents arecomputed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example,methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane).“Carbon equivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied bythe carbon content of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those

that have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing powerof the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Priorto 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on theweights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, theU.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The newmeasure is based on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairsof years. It is “chained” because the second year in each pair, with its weights,becomes the first year of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar

measure is that it is more closely related to any givsubject to less distortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various chydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigeraharmful to the Earth’s atmosphere. City Gate: A point or measuring station at which gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transm

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forespecially to significant change from one prevailiIn some cases, “climate change” has been used synwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the tnatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooliCoal: A readily combustible black or brownishincluding inherent moisture, consists of more than than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous mremains that have been compacted, hardened, cphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. Se

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to tion from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and 

carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomeraCoal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in stora

Note: When coal data are collected for a particular or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has bplant; and coal-based fuels such as briquettes, formed from fresh or recycled coal and binding ma

Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the checoal synfuel.Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue deriveminous coal from which the volatile constituentoven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Faand residual ash are fused together. Coke is used a

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is gray, hard, and porous and

has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and low in hydrogen that is thefinal product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. Thisproduct is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion is 5 barrels(of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Coke from petroleum has a heating value

of 6.024 million Btu per barrel. 

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant designed to produce both heat

and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being used in place

of the term “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. CHP better describesthe facilities because some of the plants included do not produce heat and powerin a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA). SeeElectricity-Only Plant.Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floorspace used

for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to,stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals,clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included, except buildingson military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing

facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and

other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups.The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewagetreatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space

heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running awide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce

electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the

above-mentioned commercial establishments. Various EIA programs differ in sectoral

coverage—for more information see

http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil or natural gas. If

a well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone or

reservoir, the definition of a “well” (classified as a crude oil well or natural gas

well) and the definition of a “completion” are identical. However, if a well isequipped to produce crude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than one

reservoir, a “well” is not synonymous with a “completion.”

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas density that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even 

is not a liquid).Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelec

Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline

Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data betand another (such as between short tons and Britibarrels and gallons). (See http://www.eia.gov/http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for furfactors.) See Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Con

Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental 

power plants used to transfer heat, produced by buCooling towers are installed where there is insufficiwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hregulated under the Environmental Protection AgenAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the describe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutanin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists i

ground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric surface separating facilities. Depending upon the charamay also include: 1) small amounts of hydrocarbons tharal underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospherifrom oil well (casinghead) gas in lease separators and with the crude stream without being separately measuras a liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field sep

into the crude stream is also included; 2) small amountwith the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) bons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil is of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoli

cants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and man

energy or chemical content.

Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The 

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the flease boundary.

390 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo from

the purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include chargesincurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, anddemurrage). Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and other fees. The composite cost is the weighted average ofdomestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acquisition cost does not

include the cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.

Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, inpetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by petroleum pipelines

and on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one ormore crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gasare classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natural gas contained at standard

temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard persquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-daysover a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 1971–2000). The averages maybe simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm a location is over aperiod of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the basetemperature (65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and lowtemperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling degreedays are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified referenceperiod. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air

conditioning energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is over aperiod of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting theaverage of the day’s high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65

degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. are summed to create a heating degree-day meperiod. Heating degree-days are used in energy 

heating energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating oby the population of the area in which the degreeState population-weighted degree-days, each Stnine climatically homogeneous divisions, which 

the ratio of the population of the division to thDegree-day readings for each division are mpopulation weight for each division and those arrive at the State population-weighted degree-dpopulation-weighted degree-days, the Nation regions, each comprising from three to eight Stabased on the ratio of the population of the regioNation. Degree-day readings for each region aring population weight for each region and thos

arrive at the national population-weighted degree

Demand-Side Management: The planning, imelectric utility activities designed to encourage electricity usage, including the timing and level of 

Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collectboth measured and indicated resource categoriepercent of the in-place coal in those categories as bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches 

coal 60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths 

beds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can be su

ner and/or deeper beds that currently are beinevidence that they could be mined commercially portion of the identified coal resource from which rDenaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus 

added to fuel ethanol to make it unfit for human ctured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol prvolume percent denaturant. See Fuel Ethanol and F

Development Well: A well drilled within the prov

gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oioperation or blends of such distillate fuel oils wit

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than for

gasoline.Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is produced by either thesame entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support ofa service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities thathouse the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractionsproduced in conventional distillation operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel

oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highwaydiesel engines, such as those found in cars and trucks, as well as off-highwayengines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Productsknown as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating andelectricity generation.

Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processescrude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the

crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling pointmaterial. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energysource in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and ispiped into the building. District heat may be purchased from a utility or providedby a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for

example, a hospital complex or university).

Dry Hole: An exploratory well or development well found to be incapable of

producing either crude oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as a crude oil well or natural gas well.

Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry) Production.

E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent motor

gasoline.Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current to produce work, heat, light, orother forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthours.

Electric Non-Utility: Any entity that generates, tra

sells or trades electricity services and products, whand recovered by regulatory authority. Examples of 

not limited to, independent power producers, pow

(both wholesale and retail), merchant transmissgeneration entities, and cogeneration firms with Q

Electric Utility. 

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime mauxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemelectric energy.Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sectonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plan

American Industry Classification System) 22 categis to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to tincludes electric utilities and independent power 

Sectors.

Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transm

and recovers the cost of its generation, transmissioperations, either directly or indirectly, through cosregulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service Cogovernmental unit or the consumers that the entity sties include: investor-owned entities, public podistricts, municipalities, rural electric cooperativescies. Electric utilities may have Federal Energy Regfor interconnection agreements and wholesale tradof-service and/or market-based rates under the autho

See Electric Non-Utility.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of 

transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plElectricity: A form of energy characterized by the p

tary charged particles generated by friction, inductionElectricity Generation: The process of producing e

of electric energy produced by transforming other 

expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthoGeneration, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount o

generating units and measured at the generating term

392 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less

station use (the electric energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station

service or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric

pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deductedfrom gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold by electric utilities and

other energy service providers to customers purchasing electricity for their own

use and not for resale.Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere. In the context of

global climate change, they consist of radiatively important greenhouse gases

(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion).

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors. Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doingwork (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kineticenergy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and canbe changed to another form useful for work. Most of the world’s convertibleenergy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used

as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks.Electric energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually

measured in British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an

input in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchaseenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times theprice per unit paid by the consumer.Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides service to a retail or enduse customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomenon that can be consumed ortransformed to supply heat or power. Examples include petroleum, coal, natural

gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geothermal, sunlight (solar energy),

water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.

Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major eneU.S. society developed to measure and analyzcommonly referred to in EIA are: residential, 

portation, and electric power.

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydr

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -1extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streamEther: The family name applied to a group of organof carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are attached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl t

Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flamma

produced biologically from biomass feedstocks su

losic residues from agricultural crops or wood. chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel E

Denaturant.Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorlescarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed b

isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered f

chemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petroc

chemical applications and the production of consumEurasia: The physical land mass containing the For U.S. Energy Information Administration repoof the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.Srus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, LaTajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and UzbekistanExploratory Well: A well drilled to find and proan area previously considered unproductive, to find (i.e., one previously producing crude oil or naturaextend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 bia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of na

natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, prprocessing plants.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the U.S. Energy Information Administration. 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipeline rates, and natural gas pipeline certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the U.S. Department ofEnergy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created byan Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It wascharged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It

was abolished on September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy wascreated. Its functions were divided between the U.S. Department of Energy and theFederal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The U.S. Energy Information Administration’sstatutory requirement to identify major energy-producing companies and develop and

implement a data-reporting program for energy financial and operating informationfrom these companies. Companies are selected if they are within the top 50 publiclyowned U.S. crude oil producers that have at least 1 percent of either production or

reserves of crude oil, natural gas, coal, or uranium in the United States, or 1 percent

of either refining capacity or petroleum product sales in the United States.

Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Finished.

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price.

First Use: Manufacturing establishments’ consumption of the energy that was

originally produced offsite or was produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy.Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 throughSeptember 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends;e.g., fiscal year 2002 began on October 1, 2001, and ended on September 30, 2002.

Flared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared. Flue Gas Desulfurization: Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from thecombustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Also referredto as scrubbers. Chemicals such as lime are used as scrubbing media.F.O.B.: See Free on Board.

Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various 

specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypa

tion with reported wells, and (3) all new footage dwells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack welthe common bore, which is reported as footage for thold wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is thatotal depth of the old well.

Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Rep

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capitany future production of uranium from in-place re

labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxadministrative costs that are dependent upon the quapplicable as variable costs of production. Excluded expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisitioment, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserve

differing geological settings can be aggregated anamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover oxide production under the listed forward cost categorFossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth

material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An elecprime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure heat from burning fossil fuels.

Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydnatural gas and separated into distinct parts, or 

butane, and ethane.Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commgenerally including the purchase price plus all chcommodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportaFree on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in whicavailable for pick up at a specified port or terminal at pays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free 

point of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and 

394 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol in the United States

must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (madeunfit for human consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus orconventional motor gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in lowconcentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate or octane enhancer. In high

concentrations, it is used to fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its

use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol

Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.

Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity of anhydrous,biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for fuel use. The quantity is obtained by

subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume. Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable energy, while denaturant is counted

as nonrenewable fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable

Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.

Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percentby volume. See Oxygenates. Generating Unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors,

boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime movers operated together to produceelectric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy.

Generator Capacity: The maximum output, commonly expressed in megawatts

(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system load, adjusted for ambientconditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity and Generator NetSummer Capacity. Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electric energy produced by a

generating unit for a given period of time to the electric energy that could havebeen produced at continuous full-power operation during the same period.Generator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The maximum rated output of agenerator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment underspecific conditions designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator nameplatecapacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MW) and is usually indicated on anameplate physically attached to the generator.

Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximumegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can strated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summethrough September 30). This output reflects a reduuse for station service or auxiliaries.

Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extract

the Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pu

generation.Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface 

warming has occurred in the distant past as the reterm is today most often used to refer to the war

occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emiClimate Change.

Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index ustive forcing of different gases without directly cpheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as tthat would result from the emission of one kilogfrom the emission of one kilogram of carbon diox100 years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water 

oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to sopaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing leaving the Earth’s atmosphere. The net effect is and a tendency to warm the planet’s surface.Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total 

produced by labor and property located in the labor and property are located in the United Sworkers and, for property, the owners) may be e

of foreign countries.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price convert nominal prices to real prices. See Chaine

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity G

Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Wi

Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distatmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
natural gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils,

and other liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.

Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be released by the transformation or use of a specified physical unit of an energy form (e.g., a short ton of coal, abarrel of crude oil, a kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a

pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly expressed in British thermalunits (Btu). Note: Heat content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in terms

of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating value) or net heat content (lowerheating value), depending upon whether or not the available heat energy includes orexcludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in the original energy form or

created during the combustion process). The U.S. Energy Information Administrationtypically uses gross heat content values.Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated asBtu per kilowatthour. Note: Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat

rates, depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat ratesare typically expressed as net heat rates.Household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated personsoccupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” means the housing unit was theperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it iseither occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family,an individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quarters means the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in thehouse or apartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildingsor through a common hall—that is, they can get to it without going throughsomeone else’s living quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters suchas prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. Acommon dining area used by residents is an indication of group quarters. Hoteland motel rooms are considered housing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence.Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in thegaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compoundsvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent of natural gas) to the very heavyand very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from the kinetic energy of

falling water. See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional and Hydroelectric

Pumped Storage.

Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelectric power generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric p

peak load periods by using water previously pumped voir during off-peak periods when excess generating When additional generating capacity is needed, the wreservoir through a conduit to turbine generators loca

at a lower level.Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-mad

or two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydroHFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in th

Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen with oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, bases, a

hydrocarbons.Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator, ment of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysisprices to real prices.Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and U.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countr

Independent Power Producer: A corporation, pers

legal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates electricity for use primarily by the public, and that i

pendent power producers are included in the electric pIndicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimaand quantity are based partly on sample analyses on reasonable geologic projections. Indicated refrom specified measurements and partly from proreasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidenare 1⁄2 to 11⁄2 miles apart. Indicated coal is projectebelt that lies more than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop 

measurement.

Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector th

equipment used for producing, processing, or assemsector encompasses the following types of activity: 

31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAing oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and cOverall energy use in this sector is largely for procesing machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material in

396 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Note: This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities. Various

EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Isobutane: See Butane. 

Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation

of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines. See Jet Fuel,

Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and afinal maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTMSpecification 1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D(Grades JP-5 and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range, with anaverage gravity of 52.8 degrees API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperature of290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L(Grade JP-4). It is used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraftengines because it has a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and meetsengine requirements at high altitudes and speeds.Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves,

and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wickfed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degreesFahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degreesFahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included areNo. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D3699

as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have

properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricit

energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) 

One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. S

Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.

Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well

as natural gas used in drilling operations, heaterssors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plaLease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarilcarbons which is recovered as a liquid from naturaThis category excludes natural gas plant liquidwhich are recovered at downstream natural gas procLignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred 

exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generaa high inherent moisture content, sometimes as higof lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per shorfree basis. The heat content of lignite consumed million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basmoisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (p

liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 depressure.Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of h

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionat

ene, propane, propylene, normal butane, but

lene. For convenience of transportation, thes

pressurization.

Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied pe

refinery or still gases. Through compression and/in the liquid state. The reported categories are et

ene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Exc

Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.Low-Power Testing: The period of time between 

fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (level of operation during that period is 5 percent of 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture of other

products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be

produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that

consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical, chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or components into newproducts. Assembly of component parts of products is included, except for thatwhich is included in construction.Marketed Production (Natural Gas): See Natural Gas Marketed Production.Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the coal rank,

quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than 20percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologicallywell known sample sites. Measured resources are computed from dimensions revealedin outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The points of observation andmeasurement are so closely spaced and the thickness and extent of coals are so welldefined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent. Although the spacing of the point of observation necessary to demonstrate continuity of the coal differsfrom region to region, according to the character of the coalbeds, the points of observation are no greater than 1⁄2 mile apart. Measured coal is projected to extend as abelt 1⁄4 mile wide from the outcrop or points of observation or measurement.Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas (CH4), which is the

major component of natural gas. It is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial processes.

Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for motor gasoline blending.

See Oxygenates.Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether, (CH3)3COCH3, intended for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates. Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromaticextracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, syntheticnatural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor gasoline blending

components and oxygenates as required, to produce finished motor gasoline.

Finished motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor gasoline blending

components or oxygenates, resulting in increased voline and/or changes in the formulation of finished motmotor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce oxygeMotor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphth

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used fofinished motor gasoline. These components include refor oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygena

and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygenates are reported as included in the total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogenMotor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor 

oxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline cate

excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygeas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor Gasoline G

Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of re

with or without small quantities of additives, blended in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASFederal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized 122 to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent rdegrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery poinconventional motor gasoline, all types of oxygena

gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excl

Volumetric data on motor gasoline blending compo

are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline untblended into the gasoline.Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gastype of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, an

unleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, m

Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordathe time of sale. In general, automotive octane requitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United StatesStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades malower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antikgreater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antikgreater than or equal to 88 and less than or eqPremium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antikgreater than 90.

398 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by

weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to besold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas.

Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated

gasoline (OPRG) and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending(RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent oxygen, by weight, and isintended for sale inside CO nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated gasoline. Other data on gasohol (for use outside of nonattainment areas) areincluded in data on conventional gasoline.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline formulated for use in

motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirementsof the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. It includes gasoline produced to meet or exceed emissions performance and benzene contentstandards of federal-program reformulated gasoline even though the gasolinemay not meet all of the composition requirements (e.g. oxygen content) offederal-program reformulated gasoline. Note: This category includes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG). Reformulated gasolineexcludes reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) and gasoline

treated as blendstock (GTAB).

MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.

NAICS: See North American Industry Classification System.

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an approximateboiling range between 122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in

buildings, and as raw material input and fuel for industrial processes. 

Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1) the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field,

and/or plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have

been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The

parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73

pounds per square inch absolute.

Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of p

gas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is reduction (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes 1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling, rconservation operations; and 2) vented natural gas ing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.

helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed converted to liquid form, such as lease condensate 

Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage rof production. Dry natural gas production equals tion less extraction loss.Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flar

essing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stre

gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the leNatural Gas Liquids (NGL): Those hydrocarb

rated from the gas as liquids through the proceadsorption, or other methods in gas processing oliquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarto as lease condensate, natural gasoline, and liqgas liquids include natural gas plant liquid

butane, and isobutane) and lease condensate (p

natural gas at lease separators and field facilities).Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural gation reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repreremoved in treating or processing operations; and qu

flared natural gas. Includes all quantities of naturaoperations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduitvalves, compressor stations, communications sysing natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuels 

from a point in or beyond the producing field or pro

or to points of utilization. Also refers to a compan

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hy

are separated as liquids at natural gas processing plants, and, in some instances, field facilities. 

Products obtained include ethane; liquefied butanes, propane-butane mixtures, ethane-prop

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
other small quantities of finished products, such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jet fuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. See Natural Gas Liquids. 

Natural Gas Processing Plant: A surface installation designed to separate andrecover natural gas liquids from a stream of produced natural gas through the

processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeration, or other methods, and tocontrol the quality of natural gas marketed or returned to oil or gas reservoirs forpressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the air on the production site or at

processing plants.Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas from one ormore natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing both crude oil and natural

gas are classified as crude oil wells.)Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividing the total

reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by theappropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance,and similar charges.Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier)

extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includesisopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.

NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Corporation.Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.

Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summer Capacity. 

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally between Kuwait and SaudiArabia under a 1992 agreement. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal price.Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of thetransaction. Nominal prices are those that have not been adjusted to remove the

effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollathe year in which the transaction occurred.Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological o

discarded product. “Non-biomass waste” includes mubiogenic sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fueNoncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two or msystems that do not occur in the same time interval. Mof loads within a limited period of time, such as day, wing season, and usually for not more than 1 year.Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon ga

voir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrNonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily 

crude oil, natural gas, and coal.Normal Butane: See Butane. North American Electric Reliability Corporation 

ration formed in 2006 as the successor to the Nortity Council established to develop and maintain mfor the bulk electric system, with the fundamenimproving the reliability of that system. NERC centities covering the interconnected power regioStates, Canada, and Mexico. See http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/htmNorth American Industry Classification System scheme, developed by the Office of Management and Industrial Classification (SIC) System, that categoriz

the types of production processes they primarily use.Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricthermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuNuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or mproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioning oone or more steam turbines.Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear initiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A 

able material), moderating material to control the r

400 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a

system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoringand controlling the reactor's systems.Octane Rating: A number used to indicate gasoline's antiknock performance inmotor vehicle engines. The two recognized laboratory engine test methods for determining the antiknock rating, i.e., octane rating, of gasolines are the Researchmethod and the Motor method. To provide a single number as guidance to theconsumer, the antiknock index (R + M)/2, which is the average of the Research andMotor octane numbers, was developed.OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, thecoastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast thatis in direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward limit ofinland water. If a State agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore and

offshore areas, the State classification is used (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as modified by subsequent adjudication).Oil: See Crude Oil.OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., coal sold to companiesother than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of theparent company. See Captive Coal.

Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nuclear generating unit that has

completed low-power testing and is in possession of a full-power operating licenseissued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categories at the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not underactive repair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not inoperation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.Operating Income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items of

other revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, andcumulative effect of accounting changes.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Dnational organization helping governments tackle ance challenges of a globalized economy. Its mmember countries. With active relationships with governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil sodetails about the organization, see http://www.oecdOrganization of the Petroleum Exporting Counmental organization whose stated objective is to leum policies of member countries." It was creatSeptember 10–14, 1960. Current members (wit

Algeria (1969–present), Angola (2007–presen2007–present), Iran (1960–present), Iraq (1960–pLibya (1962–present), Nigeria (1971–present), Qa(1960–present), United Arab Emirates (1(1960–present). Countries no longer memb

(1975–1994) and Indonesia (1962–2008).Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor GasoliOxygenates: Substances which, when added t

amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethan

(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and 

ates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of stratosphere and provides a protective layer shieldviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemicamajor component of photochemical smog.PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for De

gations of the 50 States and the District of Columbleum Administration for Defense in 1950. The diseconomic and geographic reasons as Petroleum A

Districts, which were established in 1942.

Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remgases of a boiler plant before discharge to the ainclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical co[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Peak Kilowatt: Thousand peak watts.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Peak Watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the amount of power a photovoltaic

cell or module will produce at standard test conditions (normally 1,000 watts persquare meter and 25 degrees Celsius). Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted

from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasoline, and plant condensate.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one ortwo carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, containing no chlorine. PFCs haveno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of aluminum smelting and semiconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100-year global warming potentials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.

Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.

Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included arecrude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the

processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of finished

petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives anddetergents, after they have been blended into the products. Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied (Petroleum). 

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 States and the District of

Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, andother U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the StrategicPetroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshoreconsumption, offshore bunker use, and military use. Excluded are receipts offoreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S.Foreign Trade Zones.Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transport crude oil and

petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompanypipelines), within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing ofcrude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarboncompounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum

gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,

petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lu

coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous p

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleare held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in tproduct retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual prplants are excluded from individual product estimaoil estimates and total.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity ge

solid-state semiconductor devices that have no moving Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of indesigned to deliver a selected level of working volterminals, packaged for protection against environmeincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the opera

compressors.Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids

hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids abers in processing plants.Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is firs

energy balance, before any transformation to secenergy. For example, coal can be converted to converted to electricity; in this example, coal is prsecondary energy, and electricity is tertiary energy. tion and Primary Energy Consumption.

Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption o

sources that are produced from other energy so

coal—are included in primary energy consumption onot already been included as part of the original enerenergy consumption does include net imports of coproduced from domestic coal.) The U.S. Energincludes the following in U.S. primary energy consumcoke net imports; petroleum consumption (petroleuing natural gas plant liquids and crude oil bgas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—connet generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear p

402 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat

rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal

plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct useenergy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btuusing the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind

electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel

ethanol and biodiesel consumption; losses and co-products from the production of

fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using theelectricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See Total EnergyConsumption.Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The U.S. Energy

Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and

lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural

gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—production; nuclear electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional

hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heatrate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal

plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy;

solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine thatdrives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts

energy to electricity directly. 

Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquisition, processing, and transportation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes three categories: natural gas lease

and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operations, and oil refinery operations.

Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by which total output is greater thaninput for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crudeoil into petroleum products which, in total, have a lower specific gravity than thecrude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by which total refinery output is less thaninput for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crudeoil into petroleum products which, in total, have a higher specific gravity than thecrude oil processed.

Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximatpetroleum products because it measures the dfrom primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural g

plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In generaluct in any given period is computed as followsproduction, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for ccalculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock 

minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.

Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hyd

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It incASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processorcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) reco

petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated qucrude oil that geological and engineering dacertainty to be recoverable in future years from economic and operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volum

to be recovered in future years in conjunction reserves of natural gas based on the recovery effi

ration facilities installed.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated analysis of geological and engineering data demoto be recoverable in future years from known reand operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those 

(including lease condensate) demonstrated with rble in the future from proved natural gas reserv

operating conditions.Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped St

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to rempurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, w

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost.Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blendingcomponents processed at refineries, or blended at refineries or petroleum storageterminals to produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross inputs of

crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen,

oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel

ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending components, and aviation gasoline blending components. Net inputs are

calculated as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net inputs indicategross inputs are less than gross production. Examples of negative net inputsinclude reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals, and unfinished oilsproduced and added to inventory in advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil distillation unit.Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery gases, and finishedpetroleum products produced at a refinery or petroleum storage terminalblending facility. Net production equals gross production minus gross inputs.Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for afinished petroleum product. Examples of negative net production include reclassification of one finished product to another finished product, or reclassification

of a finished product to unfinished oils or blending components.

Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, andalcohol.Reformulated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Reformulated.

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It

may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation. Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse mine or the coal recaptured

by that process. The resulting product has been cleaned to reduce the concentrationof noncombustible materials.Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finite supply). Renewable sources

of energy include conventional hydroelectric pow

and biomass.Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel 

other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gliquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from so

or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determinepetroleum and would yield substantial energy securit

ronmental benefits.Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil 

effect greater ultimate recovery. Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector tha

private households. Common uses of energy assocspace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighti

running a variety of other appliances. The residentiliving quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in 

explanation see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitEnd-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as Nremain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hyd

in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM SpeciFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual is also known as Navy Special and is defined in M859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol powered vessels in government service and inshore fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for 

heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial p

Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including re

dust palliative and surface treatment on roads a

produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, 

Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that eto a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral propercontract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 poSolar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Pho

404 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation and

convert it to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat

collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored forlater use. Solar collectors are used for space heating, domestic hot water

heating, and heating swimming pools, hot tubs, or spas.

Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that can be converted into

other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing unitsusing space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heatingequipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use ofenergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that giveoff heat as a byproduct.Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum products within the naphtha boiling

range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. Those products arerefined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercialhexane and cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications D1836 andD484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline oraviation gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical feedstocks or synthetic

natural gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.

Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an industrial process; can be a component of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of the specific quantity of product at a specific location where the commodity is

purchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric power plant. It includes

energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless ofwhether the energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the prime mover

is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler wherefossil fuels are burned.

Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineriesby distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal

constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene

propane, propylene, etc. Still gas is used as a 

cal feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 millbarrel. Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future us

Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum Government for use during periods of major supply Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties 

those of bituminous coal and used primarily ageneration. It may be dull, dark brown to blackend of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 perceThe heat content of subbituminous coal ranges short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. nous coal consumed in the United States averageton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing bot

matter). See Coal Rank.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorle

and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in pa

as a solvent.Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas so

slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielecthighest 100-year global warming potential of any 

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous subsgled with natural gas that increases the volume 

substances include, but are not limited to, propa

gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or iner

Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred manufactured product, chemically similar in most from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbofor or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gaThermal Conversion Factor: A factor for co

units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or 

measure (such as British thermal units, calorie

data between different thermal units of measure. 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use

sectors, plus electricity retail sales and electrical system energy losses.

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicleswhose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physicallocation to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains,subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterbornevehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., constructioncranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) areclassified in the sector of their primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ insectoral coverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm. See End-Use Sectorsand Energy-Use Sectors.Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between thecalculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated

supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oilstocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to

refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.

Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differences between the sum of thecomponents of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gasdisposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects ofdata reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the netresult of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressurebases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect ofvariations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar-period time frames; and imbalances resulting from themerger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type

of respondents.

Underground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sub-surface facilities for storingnatural gas that has been transferred from its original location. The facilities areusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoirs (depleted crude oil or natural gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an impermeable cap rock (aquifer).

Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil and Natural Gas): Those

economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring onlymechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining of crude oiland include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils,

and residuum.

Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated nexcluding those in plant condensate. This product is e

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A po

constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, TajikisUzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased to exist as of DecembeUnited States: The 50 States and the District of Col

has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of teties outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Johnston Atoland the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data programs all of these areas in U.S. totals. For these programs, d

explaining the extent of geographic coverage included u

Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic etwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 ais indispensable to the nuclear industry because it inature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable b238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, wmal neutrons. Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powduranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining sophosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineraliza

be mined economically, typically one to four pounds 

ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8

Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowca

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories othe international community to reflect differing levels othe resources. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), (EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described be

Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Ur

mineral deposits of such size, grade, and recovered within the given production cost mining and processing technology. Estimabased on specific sample data and measure

406 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009
knowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: RAR corresponds to DOE’s

uranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR): Uranium in addition to RAR that

is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, in little-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trendswith known deposits. This uranium can subsequently be recovered withinthe given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, asdetermined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits.Note: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probable potential resources category. Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in addition to EAR that is thoughtto exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. Thelocation of deposits in this category can generally be specified only asbeing somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimatesin this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR. Note:

SR corresponds to the combination of DOE’s possible potential resourcesand speculative potential resources categories.

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combinedheat-and-power system for use in any industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy

made available for processes and applications other than electricity generation.

U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats,such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S.

Armed Forces.

Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.

Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing

operations. Waste coal is usually composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (minewaste). Most waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal,coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob,

and lignite waste.

Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to onvolt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measupplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadiWax: A solid or semi-solid material at 77 de

mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived 

through a Fischer-Tropsch type process, in whiseries predominates. This includes all marketable with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 

enheit and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpcrude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing servcrude oil or natural gas. See Completion (Crud

Crude Oil Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, 

Gas Well.

Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/

Following historical precedent, the volume and plabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and voat the lease boundary. In the context of domestic cruis the generic term used to reference the production Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natu

See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment gices after a well is drilled. Services include well maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugginfrom minor operations, such as pulling the rods awell, to major workovers, such as milling out and 

depth and characteristics determine the type of equWestern Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, BDenmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, IceMacedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic ofPortugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spaiand the United Kingdom.Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind 

mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and el

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009 
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products derived from wood that are

used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark,sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility poles, black liquor,red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, and other wood-based solids and liquids.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushionor base gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular

withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the tota

used more than once during any season.

Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that 

and texture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 

oxide) by weight. It is used as feedstock for uran

pellet fabrication.

408 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2009