## APPENDIX B

Nonp oint Sources

Bureau of Air Quality Department of Environmental Protection[ This page intentionally left blank

. ]- 1

- T able of C ontents

Nonpoint Source Definition

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 1

General Methods for Estimating Nonpoint Source Activity and Emissions

................................ ... 1

1. Control Efficiency

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 3

2. Rule Penetration

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 3

3. Rule Effectiveness

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 3

4. Estimating Emissions Using Control Efficiency, Rule Penetration, and Rule

Effectiveness

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

5. Point Source Subtractions

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4

Aircraft

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 7

1. Sources of Data Overview and Selection Hierarchy

................................ ............................ 8

A. EPA

- Developed Aircraft Emissions Estimates

................................ ........................ 8

B. Emissions for Aircraft with Detailed Aircraft

- Specific Activity Data

.................... 9

C. Emissions for Airports without Detailed Aircraft

- Specific Activity Data

............... 9

Commercial Marine Vessels

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 10

1. EPA

- Developed Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions Data

................................ .......... 11

2. Allocation of Port and Underway Emissions

................................ ................................ ..... 12

3. Summary of Quality Assurance Methods

................................ ................................ .......... 13

Locomotives

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 14

1. Sector Description

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 14

2. EPA

- Developed Locomotive Emissions Data

................................ ................................ ... 15

3. Summary of Quality Assurance Methods

................................ ................................ .......... 15

Adhesives and Sealants (SCC 2460600000)

................................ ................................ .................. 15

Automotive Aftermarket Products (SCC 2460400000)

................................ ................................ . 17

Coatings and Related Products (SCC 2460500000)

................................ ................................ ...... 18

Cosmetics and Toiletries/Personal Care Products (SCC 2460100000)

................................ ......... 19

Degreasing/Cleaning Products, Industrial and Institutional (SCC 2415000000)

.......................... 19

Factory Finished Wood (SCC 2401015000)

................................ ................................ .................. 21

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act Regulated Products (SCC 2460800000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 21

Fuel Combustion

– Commercial/Institutional (8 SCCs: 2103001000, 2103002000, 2103004000, 2103005000, 2103006000, 2103007000, 2103008000 and 2103011000)

.............. 23

1. Source Category Description

................................ ................................ ............................. 23

2. Source Classification and Activity Data

................................ ................................ ............ 23

3. Non

- Fuel Use Energy Adjustment

................................ ................................ ..................... 25

4. Point Source Energy Adjustment

................................ ................................ ....................... 25

5. County Allocation of State Activity Data

................................ ................................ .......... 27

6. Emission Factors

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 27- 2

-

7. Fuel

- Specific Activity Data Adjustments

................................ ................................ .......... 27

A. Coal

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 27 1) Commercial/Institutional Coal Combustion

................................ .............. 28

B. Distillate Oil, Residual Oil and LPG

................................ ................................ ..... 29 1) Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion

................................ . 29 2) Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion

................................ .. 30 3) Commercial /Institutional LPG Combustion

................................ .............. 31 4) Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion

................................ ... 32 5) Commercial/Institutional Wood Combustion

................................ ............ 33 6) Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion

................................ ....... 34

8. Additional References for Fuel Combustion

– Commercial/Institutional

......................... 35

Fuel Combustion

– Industrial (8 SCCs: 2102001000, 2102002000, 2102004000, 2102005000, 2102006000, 2102007000, 2102008000 and 2102011000)

................................ .... 36

1. Source Category Description

................................ ................................ ............................. 36

2. Source Classification and Activity Data

................................ ................................ ............ 36

3. Non

- Fuel Use Energy Adjustment

................................ ................................ ..................... 38

4. Point Source Energy Adjustment

................................ ................................ ....................... 38

5. County Allocation of State Activity Data

................................ ................................ .......... 43

6. Emission Factors

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 43

A. Coal

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 43 1) Industrial Coal Combustion

................................ ................................ ....... 44 2) Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion

................................ .......................... 45 3) Industrial Residual Oil Combustion

................................ ........................... 46 4) Industrial Natural Gas Combustion

................................ ........................... 47 5) Industrial LPG Combust ion

................................ ................................ ....... 48 6) Industrial Kerosene Combustion

................................ ................................ 49 7) Industrial Wood Combus tion

................................ ................................ ..... 50

7. Additional References for Fuel Combustion

– Industrial

................................ .................. 51

Graphic Arts (SCC 2425000000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 52

Household Products (SCC 2460200000)

................................ ................................ ....................... 53

Machinery and Equipment (SCC 2401055000)

................................ ................................ ............. 54

Metal Cans (SCC 2401040000)

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 55

Metal Furniture (SCC 2401025000)

................................ ................................ .............................. 56

Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SCC 2401090000)

................................ ................................ ....... 57

Motor Vehicles (SCC 2401070000)

................................ ................................ .............................. 58

Paper, Foil and Film (SCC 2401030000)

................................ ................................ ...................... 59

Wood Furniture and Fixtures (SCC 2401020000)

................................ ................................ ......... 60- 3

- Tables

Table 1. Nonpoint Source Inventory Categories with Point Source Activity Subtractions

............ 6

Table 2. Source Classification Codes for the Aircraft Sector in the 2011 NEI SCC

...................... 8

Table 3: Commercial Marine SCCs and Emission Types in EPA Estimates

............................... 11

Table 4: 2011 NEI Commercial Marine Vehicle Selection Hierarchy

................................ ......... 11

Table 5: Locomotive SCCs, Descriptions and EPA Estimation Status

................................ ........ 14

Table 6. Nonpoint Source Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion Activity Data

................. 24

Table 7. Point Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Nonpoint Source

Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion

................................ ................................ .... 26

Table 8. Nonpoint Source Industrial Fuel Combustion Ac tivity Data

................................ .......... 37

Table 9. Point Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Nonpoint Source Industrial Fuel

Combustion

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 38- 1

-

N onpoint Source Definition

For emission inventory development purposes, the term “ nonpoint sources ” traditionally refers to stationary air pollutant emission sources that are not inventoried at the facility level. While point sources are inventoried individually, nonpoint sources are typically inventoried at the county level ( Introduction to Nonpoint S ource Emissi on Inventory Development Volume III: Chapter 1 )

. 1 Other sources, such as g asoline stations and dry cleaning establishments

, are often treated as both point and nonpoint sources. The main reason they are not exclusively treated as point sourc es is that the effort required to gather data and estimate emissions for each individual facility is very great, while emissions per facility are generally small. For these sources, a cut

off point, typically based on annual emissions, usually defines the distinction between point and nonpoint

. The Air Emissions Reporting Requirements (AERR) specifies reporting criteria air pollutant (CAP) thresholds for point and nonpoint sources, which vary depending on the pollutant and the attainment status of a count y ( http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/aerr/ ).

I ndividual emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. The source categories are grouped in a way that they can be estimated coll ectively using one methodology. Most nonpoint source categories do not have an analogue in the point sourc e inventory. C ommercial/consumer product use is an example

. The geographic boundaries of the

individual activities associated with nonpoint sources are often hard to determine or are, at best, arbitrary. Even within a point source facility, some activities occur that are more easily treated

as nonpoint source emissions. In another example, s ome emissions associated with surface coating oper ations such as equipment cleaning can be more practically estimated using nonpoint source methods even though other equipment cleaning may be reported as part of the point source inventory.

Beginning with the 2008 inventory, in

- flight aircraft emissions, locomotive emissions outside of the rail yards, and commercial marine vessel emissions (both underway and port emissions) are included in the nonpoint data category. Any aircraft or rail yard emissions excluded from

Non point are discussed in Appendix A : Point Sources.

The data files used for this document were obtained as a download from the EIS gateway. The SMOKE files from the gateway were imported into the EMF system in order to apply the necessary data filters and summer day averages.

General M etho ds for Estimating Nonpoint Source Activity and Emissions

Nonpoint source emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator or collective activity for each nonpoint source category at the county level.

Several met hodologies are available for estimating nonpoint source activity levels and emissions. For this 2011 nonpoint source inventory , estimates were derived by (1) treating nonpoint sources as point sources ; (2) obtaining county

- level activity data ; (3) apporti oning national or statewide activity data to counties ; (4) use of per capita emission factors ; and (5) use of per employee

1 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “ Emission Inventory Improvement P rogram, Document Series, Volume III, Nonpoint Sources, Chapter 1, Introduction to Nonpoint Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final), ” prepared for the Nonpoint Sources Committee, E mission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.- 2

-

emission factors. Each approach method has distinct advantages and disadvantages as discussed

below.

Small sources that would normally be treated as nonpoint sources may be handled as point sources if county level activity data is not readily determinable for certain source categories. Municipal landfills provide an example of this situation. For some s ource categories where county activity data were not available, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Commonwealth or Pennsylvania) totals were apportioned to counties using data for a surrogate of the emissions activity. Commercial/Institutional and Industrial f uel combustion categories were handled in this

manner. The major drawback of this approach is that additional data and resources are needed to apportion activity levels to the local level, and accuracy is lost in the process. If Commonwealth

level data w ere not available, then national level data were used in a similar manner.

Sources in certain nonpoint source categories were not only numerous and diffuse, but were too difficult to include in an inventory by any of the above procedures. As an example, solvent evaporation from consumer and commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products and window cleaners cannot be routinely determined by the PA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP or Department) . In addition, it would b e resource

- intensive to develop and implement a survey that would yield such information. Per capita or per employee emission factors are used to estimate emissions for these source categories. Th e use of per capita emission factors is based on the assumption that, for a giv en source category, emission activity can be reasonably associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad nonpoint s for certain

sources that fall under the Consumer and Commercial Products source category

.

For categories that rely on a per capita emission factors, county population estimates for 2011

were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and/or Pennsylvania State Data Center

. 2 For emissions that were calculated from per employee emission factors, county

- level employment

data for 20 09 was obtained from the Bureau of the Census ’ County Business Patterns 3 (CBP) and compiled by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The county employment data for the appropriate North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes was ob tained from the CBP and provided by the EPA

, 4 county employment data for 2011 was not available until July 2012.

In some cases, the Census does not report the employment value for a particular NAICS code/county combination because of confidentiality concerns. In these cases, the Census provides employment da ta as a range (e.g., between 20 and 99 employees). When a precise number of employees was not available from CBP, an initial estimate was developed based on

the mid

- poi nt of the reported range (e .g., 60 employees was used for the 20 to 99 employment

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: D atasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

- http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html . Prepared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012. http://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

. 3 National, state and county level government employment data downloade d from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA. County

Bu siness Patterns, 2009 State Data File: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/09_data/index.html

. 4 Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “ County Business Patterns Calculations, ” December 4, 2008.- 3

-

range). For a given NAICS code, the mid

- point estimates were then adjusted up or down to yield

the Commonwealth

- level employment for that NAICS code as reported in the CBP. The adjustments were estim ated by first calculating the difference between the Commonwealth

- level CBP employment and the total of the employment values for counties for which actual employment values were reported in the CBP. The resulting value represents employment for

the count ies for which the CBP reports an employment range value. This value was then divided by the sum of the mid

- point employment estimates for the counties for which employment was reported as a range. The resulting ratio was multiplied by the mid

- point estim ates to yield the

fin al county employment estimates.

The calculation spreadsheets provide each of the steps used in this estimation procedure. National, State and County level employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor was performed (Divita, 2008).

1. Control Efficiency

Control efficiency (CE) is the emission reduction percentage associated with a control device, process change or reformulation. Control efficiencies can vary widely by source

within a nonpoint source category. Nonpoint source control efficiency values represent the weighted ave rage control for the category.

2. Rule Penetration

Because lower

- emitting sources within a source category may not be covered by a regulation, it is important to reflect the extent to which total source category emissions

are affected. Rule penetration (RP) represents the percentage of total source category emissions that are affected by a regulation.

3. Rule Effectiveness

Rule effectiveness (RE) is a factor used to adjust the control efficiency to account for

failures and uncertainties that affect the actual performance of the control. For example, control equipment performance may be adversely affected by age of the equipment, lack of maintenance, or improper use. With the exception of Federal regulations, a default RE

value of 80 percent was applie d when i nformation was not available to substantiate the

true RE value

. 5 An RE of 100 percent was applied to all Federal regulations that require national compliance.

5 Eastern Research Group, Inc., “ Emission Inventory Improvement Pro gram, Document Series, Volume III, Nonpoint So urces, Chapter 1, Introduction to Nonpoint Source Emission Inventory Development (Revised Final), ” prepared for the Nonpoint Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, January 2001.- 4

-

4. Estimating Emissions Using Control Efficiency, Rule Penetration, and Rule

Effectiven ess

The RE factor is applied to the estimated control efficiency in the calculation of

emissions from a source. The formula for the application of CE, RP, and RE is displayed

below in the example equation :

Uncontrolled Emissions = 50 pounds per day

Cont rol Efficiency = 90 percent

Rule Penetration = 60 percent

Rule Effectiveness = 80 percent

Controlled Emissions = Uncontrolled Emissions × (1

– CE/100 × RP/100 × RE/100)

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.6 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.432) = 28.4 pounds per day

An RE and/or RP value can substantially increase emission estimates when high control

efficiencies are involved. For example, if RP was not applied in the above example (equivalent to a 100 percent RP assumption), then estimated emissions are:

Controlled Emissions = 50 × (1

– 0.9 × 0.8) = 50 × (1

– 0.72) = 14 pounds per day.

5. Point Source Subtractions

Source categories can appear in both the nonpoint s ource and point source inventories

. For example, emissions from large dry cleaning establi shments may be included in the point source inventory, while emissions from smaller dry cleaners (below some specified cutoff) are included in the nonpoint source inventory. When both a point source inventory and a nonpoint source inventory include emissi ons from the same process, the nonpoint source emission estimates are adjusted to avoid double counting. Although

many nonpoint source categories (e.g., Architectural Surface Coating) do not have companion point source categories, there are many source ca tegories in the nonpoint source inventory for which emissions are also reported in the point source inventory (see

Table 1). This emissions adjustment is referred to as point subtraction, and was accomplished by one of two methods:

Ideally, this adjustment occurs in the nonpoint source emission calculation by subtracting point source emission activity (throughput) from total emission activity as shown below. If point source activity data is available, such as in the Commercial/Insti tutional and Industrial Fuel Combustion categories, this method was employed:

The Pennsylvania point source inventory does not report throughput activity for many

sources. If point source activity data was not available, such as i n many of the solvent working categories like Metal Furniture and Motor Vehicle Parts

, it was necessary to- 5

-

calculate the point source subtractions using total and point source emissio n estimates as

identified below:

where:

p = pollutant

To facilitate the point source subtractions, the annual emission records for all point SCCs

associated with a nonpoint source category were summed for the county level. The

county

- level point source annual emissions were then subtracted from the nonpoint source category annual emissions using a nonpoint source category

- to

- point source category crosswalk developed for this project (Table 1) . Note that in keeping with EII P guidance, when the resulting nonpoint source emission estimate was negative, the nonpoint source emission value was set to zero.

Separate point source inventories were developed for Allegheny and Philadelphia counties by their county Health Departments and were submitted to Pennsylvania DEP ’ s Air Inventory Management System (AIMS) database.

Total state

- level commercial /institutional sector energy consumption data are available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) ’ s State Energy Data System ( SEDS),

and were used for all source categories. The following presents an example of a point

source subtraction calculation for SO X emission in the Industrial Distillate Oil

Combus tion category (SCC 2102004000):

Pennsylvania Industrial Distillate Oil Con sumption = 41,778 thousand gallons (SEDs)

- 11,804 t housand gallons (Point Source) = 29,974 thousand gallons (Nonpoint)- 6

- Table 1. Nonpoint Source Inventory Categories with Point Source Activity Subtractions

SCC SCC1DESC SCC3DESC SCC6DESC SCC8DESC

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2102005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2102008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Industrial Wood Total: All Boiler Types

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Commercial/Institutional Wood Total: All Boiler Types

2401015000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Factory Finished Wood Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Wood Furniture Total: All Solvent Types

2401040000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Metal Cans Total: All Solvent Types

2401050000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Finished Metals Total: All Solvent Types

2401055000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Machinery and Equipment Total: All Solvent Types

2401090000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types

2401070000 Solvent Utilization Surface Coating Motor Vehicles Total: All Solvent Types

2415000000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Total: All Solvent Types

2415300000 Solvent Utilization Degreasing All Industries: Cold Cleaning Total: All Solvent Types

2425000000 Solvent Utilization Graphic Arts All Processes Total: All Solvent Types- 7

-

The following individual sections describe the annual emission estimation methodology for each nonpoint source category. Each section contains a brief description of the source category, identifies whether the category ’ s emission estimates were subject to point source emission subtractions, and presents sample emission calculations.

Aircraft

The aircraft sector includes all aircraft types used for public, private, and military purposes. This

inclu des four types of aircraft: (1) Commercial, (2) Air Taxis, (3) General Aviation, and (4) Military. It is important to note whether each aircraft is turbine or piston driven, as this impacts whether jet fuel or aviation gas are used, impacting the emissions estimation model accordingly. The fraction of turbine and piston driven aircraft is either collected or assumed for all aircraft types. Commercial aircraft include those used for transporting passengers, freight, or both. Commercial aircraft tend to be larger aircraft powered with jet engines. Air Taxis (AT) carry passengers, freight, or both, but are usually smaller aircraft and operate on a more limited

b asis than commercial aircraft. General Aviation (GA) includes most other aircraft used for recreational flying and personal transportation. Finally, military aircraft are associated with military purposes, though they are sometimes active at non

- military airports. The 2011 NEI also includes emission estimates for aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs) and aircraft ground support equipment (GSE) typically found at airports, such as aircraft refuel ing vehicles, baggage handling vehicles, and equipment, airc raft towing vehicles, and passenger buses. These APUs and GSE are located at the airport facilities as point sources along with the aircraft exhaust emissions. However, these emissions are included in the Emission Inventory System (EIS)

Sectors for Nonro ad equipment (gasoline, diesel, and other) that EPA

- developed emissions

estimates associated with aircrafts ’ landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated emis sions related to aircraft activity

for all known Pen nsylvania airports, including seaplane ports and heliports. The aircraft sector includes the four aircraft types mentioned above that are used for public, private, and military purposes. A critical detail about the aircraft is whether each aircraft is tu rbine

- or piston

- driven, which allows the emissions estimation model to assign the fuel used, jet fuel or aviation gas, respectively.

The national AT and GA fleet includes both jet

- and piston

- powered aircraft. Most of the AT and GA fleet are made up of larger piston

- powered aircraft, though smaller business jets can also be found in these categories. Military aircraft cover a wide range of aircraft types such as training aircraft, fighter jets, helicopters, and jet

- powered and piston

- p owered planes of v arying

sizes.

The 2011 NEI also includes emission estimates for aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs) and aircraft ground support equipment (GSE) typically found at airports, such as aircraft refueling vehicles, baggage handling vehicles, and equipment, a ircraft towing vehicles, and passenger buses. These APUs and GSE are located at the airport facilities as point sources along with the aircraft exhaust emissions. However, these emissions are included in the EIS Sectors for nonroad equipment (gasoline, d iesel, and other), described in Section 4.5.- 8

-

This sector includes the SCCs listed in Table 2 :

Table 2. Source Classification Codes for the Aircraft Sector in the 2011 NEI SCC

Data Category SCC Description EPA Estimates

2275001000 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; Military Aircraft;

Total X

2275020000 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; Commercial Aircraft; Total: All Types X

2275050011 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; General Aviation;

Piston X

2275050012 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; General Aviation;

Turbine X

2275060011 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; Air Taxi; Piston X

2275060012 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; Air Taxi; Turbine X

2260008005 Point Mobile Sources; Off

- highway Vehicle

Gasoline 2

- Stroke; Aircraft Ground Support Equipment X

2265008005 Point Mobile Sources; Off

- highway Vehicle

Gasoline 4

- Stroke; Aircraft Ground Support Equipment X

2267008005 Point Mobile Sources; LPG; Aircraft Ground Support Equipment X

2268008005 Point Mobile Sources; CNG; Aircraft Ground Support Equipment X

2270008005 Point Mobile Sources; Off

- highway Vehicle Diesel; Aircraft Ground Support Equipment X

2275070000 Point Mobile Sources; Aircraft; Aircraft Auxiliary

Power Total X

2275085000 Nonpoint Mobile Sources; Aircraft; Unpaved Airstrips;

Total X

2275087000 Nonpoint Mobile Sources; Aircraft; In

- flight (non

Landing

- Takeoff cycle) X

1

. Sources of Data Overview and Selection Hierarchy

The aircraft sector includes data from two data components: State/local/tribal (S/L/T)

agency

- provided emissions data, and an EPA dataset that is enhanced with state

- and

local

- provided model inputs. Pennsylvania did not provide any data.

A. EPA

- Developed Aircraft Emissions Estimates

EPA developed emissions estimates associated with aircrafts ’ landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle. The cycle begins when the aircraft approaches the airport on its descent from cruising altitude, lands, taxis to the gate, and idles during passenger deplaning. It continues as the aircraft idles during passenger boardin g, taxis back out onto the runway for subsequent takeoff, and ascent (climb out) to cruising- 9

- altitude. Thus, the five specific operating modes in an LTO are (1) Approach, (2) Taxi/idle

- in, (3) Taxi/idle

- out, (4) Takeoff, and (5) Climbout.

The LTO cycle pr ovides a basis for calculating aircraft emissions. During each mode of operation, an aircraft engine operates at a fairly standard power setting for a given aircraft category. Emissions for one complete cycle are calculated using emission factors for eac h operating mode for each specific aircraft engine combined with the typical period of time the aircraft is in the operating mode.

In fall of 2012, the EPA posted preliminary LTO data for review prior to developing the aircraft inventory. EPA encouraged the S/L/T agencies to review the materials and provide comments on any necessary corrections. Pennsylvania did not provide any comments or data.

Refer to “ Development of 2011 Aircraft Component for National Emissions Inventory, ” June 17, 2013

, 6 for more detail on preparing the LTO data and running the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), including a summary of EPA default values and S/L/T replacement/revisions.

B. Emissions for Aircraft with Detailed Aircraft

- Specific Activity Data

For airpo rts where the available LTO, from agencies or FAA data bases, included

detailed aircraft

- specific make and mode l information (e.g., Boeing 747

- 200 series), EPA used the FAA ’ s EDMS, Version 5.1. 7 This type of detail is available for most LTOs at approximat ely three thousand larger airports that have

commercial air traffic. Smaller and most GA

- only airports would not have aircraft specific activity detail available.

Emissions for GSE and APUs associated with aircraft

- specific activity were also

estimated b y EDMS, using the assumptions and defaults incorporated in the

model. EPA ’ s NONROAD model also estimates GSE emissions, but that method

is deemed less accurate than EDMS ’ s LTO

- based estimates and an EIS critical error check prohibits GSE SCCs from being s ubmitted to the Nonroad equipment data category which would duplicate emissions. Thus, the 2011 NEI uses only emissions data for GSEs and APUs generated by EDMS.

C. Emissions for Airports without Detailed Aircraft

- Specific Activity Data

EPA estimated em issions for aircraft where detailed aircraft

- specific activity data were not available by combining aircraft operations data from FAA ’ s Termina l Area Forecasts (TAF) and 5010 forms. 8 These sources provide LTO estimates for

6 Eastern Research Group (ERG), 2013. Memorandum: Develop ment of 2011 Aircraft Component for National Emissions Inventory, June 17, 2013. ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011/doc/2011nei_Aircraft_20130717.pdf

7 Federal Aviati on Administration (FAA), 2011. Emissions and Disp ersion Modeling System, Version 5.1. September, 2011. http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_office s/aep/models/edms_model/

8 http://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/airportdata_5010/- 10

- general aviation airports. Beca use the aircraft make and models were not available, EPA used assumptions regarding the percent of these LTOs that were associated with piston

- driven (using aviation gas) versus turbine

- driven (using jet fuel) aircraft. These fractions were developed base d on FAA ’ s General Aviation

and Part 135 Activity Surveys

– CY 2010. 9 Then

, EPA estimated emissions based on the percent of each aircraft type, LTOs, and emission factors. 10 These emissions are included in the nonpoint data category under SCC 227508700 (Mobile Sources; Aircraft; In

- flight non

- Landing

- Takeoff cycle ; Total).

Commercial Marine Vessels

The commercial marine vessel ( CMV ) sector includes boats and ships used eit her directly or indirectly in the conduct of commerce or military activity. The majority of vessels in this category are powered by diesel engines classified as Category 1 (C1), Category 2 (C2) or Category 3 (C3), based upon the type of fuel used to power the vessel. C1 and C2 use gasoline

or number 2 distillate. C3 vessels use heavier fuels with higher sulfur content in addition to

number 2 distillate. For the purpose of this inventory, EPA assumed that C3 vessels (engine displacement above 30 liters p er cylinder) primarily use residual blends while C1 and C2 vessels typically used distillate fuels. The resulting inventory includes emissions from both propulsion and auxiliary engines used on these vessels, as well as those on gas and steam turbine vess els. Geographically, the inventories include port and interport emissions that occur within the area

that extends 200 nautical mi les (nm) from the official U.S. baseline, which is roughly equivalent

to the border of the U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Only some of these emissions are allocated to states based on official state boundaries that typically extend 3 miles offshore

. Naval vessels are not included in this inventory, though Coast Guard vessels are included as part of the C1 and

C2 vessel classifi cations . The CMV source category does not include recreational marine vessels, which are generally less than 100 feet in length, most being less than 30 feet, and powered by either inboard or outboard engines . These emissions are included in those calculated by the NONROAD model; they reside in the nonroad data category and EIS “ Mobile

- Nonroad Equipment ” sectors of th e 2011 NEI.

EPA estimated CMV emission s as a collaborative effort between the Office of Tr ansportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). EPA developed the C3 commercial marine inventories for a base year of 2002 and then projected to 2011 by applying regional adjustment factors to account for growth. In addition, EPA developed and applied NO X adjustment factors to account for implementation of the NO X Tier 1 standard.

The C3 growth factors, NO X adjustment factors by tier and calendar year, and NO X adjustment factors by engine type and speed a re defined in Appendix A of the project report Documentation for the Commercial Marine Vessel Component of the National Emissions Inventory Methodology, March 30, 2010. EPA then allocated these emissions to individual GIS polygons using methods that varie d by operating mode (i.e., hoteling, maneuvering, reduced speed zone,

9 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 2012. General Aviation and Part 135 Activity Survey

– Calendar Year

2010. http://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation_data_statistics/general_aviation/CY2010/

10 U.S . Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2013. Calculating Piston

- Engine Aircraft Airport Inventories for Lead for the 2011 National Emissions Inventory, EPA

- 420

- B

- 13

- 040, September 2013. ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011/doc/2011nei_AircraftLead_20130827- 11

-

and underway). GIS polygons allowed the estimation/allocation of emissions to defined port, waterway, and coastal areas.

The C1 and C2 vessels tend to be smaller ships that operate closer to shore, and along inland and intercoastal waterways. Naval vessels are not included in this inventory, though Coast Guard vessels are included as part of the C1 and C2 vessels. More detailed definitions for C1 and

C2 can be found at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/standards/nonroad/marineci.htm

.

Each of the commercial marine SCCs requires an appropriate emissions type (M=maneuvering, H=hoteling, C=cruise, Z=reduced speed zone) becaus e emission factors vary by emission type. Each SCC and emissions type combination was allocated to a shape file identifier in the nonpoint inventory. The allowed combinations are shown in Table 3 The default values are those

assumed when the actual emis sion type may be unknown; for example, emissions that occur in shipping lanes are assumed to be ‘ cruising ’ and cannot be ‘ hoteling, ’ which only occurs at ports.

Table 3: Commercial Marine SCCs and Emission Types in EPA Estimates

SCC SCC Description Allowed Default

2280002100 Marine Vessels, Commercial

Diesel Port M M

2280002200 Marine Vessels, Commercial

Diesel Underway C C

2280003100 Marine Vessels, Commercial

Residual Port H H

2280003100 Marine Vessels, Commercial

Residual Port M H

2280003200 Marine Vessels, Commercial

Residual Underway C C

2280003200 Marine Vessels, Commercial

Residual Underway Z C

Table 4 shows the selection hierarchy for the CMV sector. This hierarchy pulls the relevant datasets for this sector from the overall nonpoint sources hierarchy listed in ?.

Table 4: 2011 NEI Commercial Marine Vehicle Selection Hierarchy

Priority Dataset Name Dataset Content

1 State/Local/ Tribal Data Submitted Commercial Marine

Vessel Emissions

2 2011EPA_PM

- Augmentation Completes PM Species in WA

Submittal for Additional SCC

1

. EPA

- Developed Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions Data

EPA estimated CMV emissions as a collaborative effort between the Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) a nd OAQPS. EPA developed the- 12

-

C3 commercial marine inventories for a base year of 2002 and then projected to 2011 by applying regional adjustment factors to account for growth. In addition, EPA developed and applied NO X adjustment factors to account for implementation of the NO X Tier 1

standard. T he C3 growth factors, NO X adjustment factors by tier and calendar year, and

NO X adjustment factors by engine type and speed are defined in Appendix A of the project report, “ Documentation for the Commercial Marine Vessel Component of the

National Emissions Inventory Methodology

, ” March 30, 2010. 11 For C1 and C2 marine diesel engines, the emission estimates were consistent with the 2011 Locomotive and Marine federal rule making. 12 EPA then allocated these emissions to individual GIS polygons using methods that varied by operating mode (i.e., hoteling, maneuvering, reduced speed zone, and underway). For example, port emissions appear only in port polygons, federal water emissions in federal waters. EPA allocated emissions estimates

based on a ctivity to GIS polygons representing port and waterway. GIS polygons allowed the estimation/allocation of emissions to defined port, waterway, and coastal

areas.

2

. Allocation of Port and Underway Emissions

EPA developed port boundaries using a variety of resources to identify the most accurate port boundaries. First, GIS data or maps provided directly from the port were used. Next, maps or port descriptions from local port authorities, port districts, etc.

, were used in combination with existing GIS d ata to identify port boundaries. Finally, satellite imagery from tools such as Google Earth and street layers from StreetMap USA were used to delineate port areas. The shape file used for 2011 incorporated the efforts made in 2008. In all cases, polygon s were created on land, bordering waterways and coastal areas, and were split by county boundary, such that no shape file crosses county lines and county total emission can be easily summed. Each polygon was identified by the port

name and state and count y FIPS in addition to a unique ShapeID. Smaller ports with

C1 and C2 activities were mapped as small circles, such that the port is much like a point source, but without the complication of emissions appearing in both point and nonpoint

inventories. Note that no C3 emissions were mapped to small circles. The set of port shape file GIS data is posted at :

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eis/2011nei/2011_ports_shapefile.zip

The shape files used for the underway emissions were unchanged from those used in the

2008 NEI and are available in the file :

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eis/2011nei /shippinglanes_112812_shapefile.zip

11 Eastern Research Group (ERG), 2010. Project report: Documentation for the Commercial Marine Vessel Component of the National Emissions Inventory Methodology

. ERG No. 0245.02.302.001, March 30, 2010. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html#inventorydoc

12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 2003. Final Reg ulatory Support Document: Control of Emissions from New Marine Compression

- Ignition Engines at or above 30 Liters per Cylinder , EPA 420

- R

- 03

- 004, January 2003. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/oceanvessels.h tm- 13

-

To develop emissions for the C1 and C2 part of the inventory, EPA started with criteria emissions and activity as a single national number. EPA allocated C1 and C2 vessels based on activity for the underlying vessel ty pes (deepwater, ferries, fishing, government, Great Lake, offshore, research, and tugs) available in “ Category 2 Vessel Census, Activity, and Spatial All ocation Assessment and Category 1 and Category 2 In

- port/ At

sea Splits, ” (Census Report) February 16, 2 007. 13 This method, described in the August 22, 2012, Memorandum from Eastern Research Group, 14 shifts the distribution used in previous NEIs from majority in ports to majority in underway.

These updates changed the allocation fractions of emissions to underway and port county/ S hape ID combinations. Shape ID ’ s are geometric representations of geographical coordinates on a map where emissions occur.

The C3 estimates were grown in gridded Emissions Control Area (ECA) model data from

2002 to 2011. The 20 02 data are documented in Technical Support Document (TSD) Preparation of Emissions Inventories for the Version 5.0, 2007, December 14, 2012 ( http://epa.gov/ttn/ chief/emch/2007v5/2007v5_2020base_EmisMod_TSD_13dec2012.pdf )

. Emissions Modeling Platform Criteria pollutant estimates from combined C3 SCCs from model platform were allocated to shapes by ratio to 2008 county/shape/emission type. In

cases where model fi les had emissions in counties for which EPA had no shape IDs, the model file emissions were dropped. In all of these cases, emissions were very small and considered to be negligible. In cases where model files had emissions in counties wit h shape IDs tha t had no 2008 C3 estimates, emissions were allocated to shapes in those counties proportionately to shape area.

3

. Summary of Quality Assurance Methods

EPA compared shape

- , state

- , and county

- level sums in (1) EPA default data, (2) S/L/T

agency submittals and (3) the resultant 2011 NEI selection by included pollutants, SCCs,

SCC

- Emission Types Emissions summed to agency and SCC level.

Although not submitted to the 2011 NEI, the LADCO regional program had significantly

different values for CMV es timates in the Great Lakes region. EPA is re

- evaluating

C1 and C2 estimates that may over estimate tug traffic in the Great Lakes, for example.

13 Eastern Research Group (ERG), 2007. Project report: Category 2 Vessel Census, Activity, and Spatial Allocation Assessment and Category 2 and Category 2 In

- port/At

- Sea Splits , February 16, 2007. ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011/doc/Category%202%20vessel%20census.pdf

14 Eastern Research Group (ERG), 2012. Project report: Category 1/ Category 2 Commercial Ma rine Activity Spatial

Allocation

, August 22, 2012. ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011/doc/2011nei_CMV_Cat1%262_Activity_Spatial_Allocati on_082212.pdf- 14

-

Locomotives

1

. Sector Description

The locomotive sector includes railroad locomotives powered by diesel

- elec tric engines.

A di esel

- electric locomotive uses 2

- or 4

- stroke diesel engines and an alternator or a generator to produce the electricity required to power its traction motors. The locomotive source category is further di vided up into categories: Class I line haul, Class II/III line haul, passenger, commuter, and yard. Classes of railroad companies are determined primarily by using the railroad companies ’ annual operating revenue. EPA ’ s 2011 national rail estimates were developed by applying growth fact ors to the 2008 NEI values based on railroad freight traffi c data from the 2008 and 2011 R

- 1 reports submitted by all

Class I rail lines to the Surface Transportation Board and employment statistics from the American Short Lines and Regional Railroad Assoc iation for Class II and III. See the ERG project report

, “ Development of 2011 Railroad Component for National Emissions Inventory, ” September 5, 2012, for details. For more information on the 2008 methodology, refer to the 2008 documentation. The emissi ons were allocated to line haul shape IDs and yard locations based on 2008 allocations.

Table 5 below indicates locomotive SCCs and whether EPA estimated emissions. If EPA did not estimate the emissions, then all emissions from that SCC that appear in th e inventory are from S/L/T agencies.

Table 5: Locomotive SCCs, Descriptions and EPA Estimation Status

SCC Description EPA Estimated? Data Category

2285002006 Mobile Sources Railroad Equipment

Diesel Line Haul Locomotives:

Class I Operations Yes

In Shape Files Nonpoint

2285002007 Mobile Sources Railroad Equipment

Diesel Line Haul Locomotives:

Class II/ III Operations Yes In Shape Files Nonpoint

2285002008 Mobile Sources Railroad Equipment

Diesel Line Haul Locomotives: Passenger Trains (Amtrak) Yes Nonpoint

2285002009 Mobile Sources Railroad Equipment

Diesel Line Haul Locomotives:

Commuter Lines No Nonpoint

2285002010 Railroad Equipment Diesel Yard

Locomotives No Nonpoint

28500201 Internal Combustion Engines

Railroad Equipment Diesel Yard Yes

As Point Sources Point- 15

-

2

. EPA

- Developed Locomotive Emissions Data

EPA ’ s 2011 national rail estimates were developed by applying growth factors to the 2008 NEI values based on railroad freight traffi c data from the 2008 and 2011

R

- 1 reports submitted by all Class I rail lines to the Surface Transportation Board and employment statistics from the American Short Lines and Regional Railroad Association

for Class II and III. See ERG project report

, “ Development of 2011 Railroad Component for National Emissio ns Inventory, September 5, 2012

, ” for details. 15 For more information on the 2008 methodology, refer to the 2008 documentation. 16 The emissions were allocated to line haul shape IDs and yard locations based on 2008 allocations.

3

. Summary of Quality Assur ance Methods

EPA default values were used at shape level, state, and county to EPA default values since Pennsylvania did not provide any data.

Adhesives and Sealants (SCC 2460600000)

Adhesives are formulated organic polymer compounds that adhere to, or form a bond between,

one or more substrates. They are commonly referred to as cements, glues and pastes. Adhesives

can be classified as water

- based, solvent

- based, hot melts, or radiation curable. Sealants and caulking compounds are organic polymers use d to fill or seal gaps between surfaces. The primary solvents used in formulating adhesives and sealants are aliphatic hydrocarbons and

ketones.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained

from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 17 an d U.S. Bureau of the Census

20 11 estimated population data

. 18 The emission factor represents pre

- control emission rates. A

CE of 8.3 percent 19 and an RP of 48.6 percent 20 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

15 Eastern Research Group (ERG), 2012. Memorandum: Development of 2011 Railroad Component for National Emissions Inventory, September 5, 2012. ftp://ftp.epa.gov/ EmisInventory/2011/doc/2011nei_Locomotive.pdf

. 16 ERG, 2011. Project report: Documentation for Locomotive Component of the National Emissions Inventory Methodology, ERG No. 0245.03.402.001, May 3, 2011. ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011/doc/2008nei_locomotive_report.pdf

17 ERG, “ Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Document Series, Volume III, Nonpoint Sources, Chapt e r 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use, ” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Nonpoint Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available at http:// www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html

. 18 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: Datasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

- http://www.cen sus.gov/popest/data/datasets.html

. Prepared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012

. http://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

. 19 ERT AC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comp arability Project; revised June 2, 2009. Huntley, 2009: Huntley, Roy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “ SCCs & emission factors to be used in 2011 NEI to Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [electronic file], ” May 1, 2009.

20 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.- 16

-

Each county ’ s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

S AM PLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 0.57 lb VOC/person/year Population = 1,2 27,066 persons (Allegheny County ) Control Efficiency = 8.3% RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%- 17

-

Automotive Aftermarket Products (SCC 2460400000)

The EPA has divided automotive consumer products into two different major categories: (1) detailing products, and (2) maintenance and repair products. It is often difficult to distinguish the automotive aftermarket product subc ategories and formulations for distinct product types because category descriptions and designations may overlap. In some cases

, varying formulations may be due to the product form. There are a large number of individual VOCs in these products, including HAPs.

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 21 and U.S. Bureau of the Census

2011 estimated population data

. 22 The emission factor represents pre

- control emission rates. A

CE of 8.97 percent 23 and an RP of 48.6 percent 24 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county ’ s emissions are estimated per the sample calcu lations listed below.

SA MPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 1.36 lb VOC/person/year Population = 1, 227,066 persons (Allegheny County) Control Efficiency = 8.97% RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

21 Eastern Research Group, “ Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Docu ment Series, Volume III, Nonpoint
Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use, ” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Nonpoint Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html

. 22 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: Datasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

- http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html

. Prepared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012

. http://pasdc.hbg.psu .edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

. 23 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comp arability Project, revised June 2, 2009.

24 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.- 18

-

Coatings and Related Products (SCC 2460500000)

Aerosol spray paints and related products such as paint removers make up this consumer and commercial solvent product group. Other forms of coatings (besides aerosols) are not included in this group, but are included under architectural or industrial coatings, or autobody refinishing. Aerosols spray paints contain VOCs that function as both solvents and propellants. The most

c ommonly used propellants in aerosol paints are propane, butane and isobutane.

Paint removers are classified as either application removers or immersion removers. Solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are also used to enhance the action of th e paint

r emover. Methylene chloride (53 percent) and methanol (41 percent) account for the majority of paint

- removing solvents consumed (Frost & Sul livan, Inc., 1990).

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was ob tained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 25 and U.S. Bureau of the Census

20 11 estimated population data

. 26 The emission factor represents pre

- control emission rates. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each count y ’ s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 0.95 lb VOC/person/year Population = 1, 227,066 persons (Allegheny County)

25 Eastern Research Group, “ Emission Inventory Improvement P rogram, Document Series, Volume III, Nonpoint Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use, ” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Nonpoint Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index .html

. 26 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: Datasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

- http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html . Prepared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012. http://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

.- 19

-

Cosmetics and Toiletries/ Personal Care Products (SCC 2460100000)

Cosmetics and Toiletries (p ersonal care products ) include hair care products, deodorants and antiperspirants, perfumes, colognes, and nail care products. Ethanol and isopropanol are the primary solvents used in the formulation of these products. Each county ’ s emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor 27 which was obtained from ERTAC (Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project) an d U.S. Bureau of the Census 2 011 estimate d population

data

. 28 A control efficiency of 12.11 percent 29 and a rule penetration of 48.6 percent 30 are applied in the 20 11 inventory to reflect the Federal Rule for personal care products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 1.9 lb VOC/person/yea r Population = 1,2 27,066 persons (Allegheny County) Control Efficiency = 12.11% RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

Degreasing/ Cleaning Products, Industrial and Institutional (SCC 2415000000)

Surface cleaning, also known as “ degreasing

, ” includes the solvent cleaning or conditioning of metal surfaces and parts, fabricated plastics, electronic and electrical components and other nonporous substrates. These cleaning processes are designed to remove foreign material, such as oils, grease, waxes and moisture, usually in the preparation for further treatment, such as painting, electroplating, galvaniz ing, anodizing or applying conversion coatings. Three basic types of surface cleaning operations are currently used: cold cleaning, vapor cleaning, and in

- line or

27 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emission Facto rs for Solvents, Augus t 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

28 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: Datasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

- http://www.census.gov/popest /data/datasets.html . Prepared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012. http://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

. 29 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project, revised June 2, 2009.

30 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.- 20

-

conveyorized cleaning, which can be either a cold or vapor cleaning process. VOC emission

r esults from the evaporation of solvents used in these processes.

Cold cleaning is a batch process in which solvents are applied at room temperature or slightly

heated. Parts are immersed in a solvent, usually mineral spirits. Parts too large for immersi on may be sprayed or wiped with a solvent. The primary cold cleaning application is cleaning of tools or metal parts at service and automotive repair stations and manufacturing facilities. Cold cleaning may incorporate covers or freeboards to limit the e vaporative loss of solvents.

In

- line cleaners use automated load systems (typically conveyors) to maintain a continuous feed to the cleaning unit. These units use both cold and vapor

- cleaning methods as described above, with the majority formerly being halogenated solvent cleaning systems. These units are used for large

scale operations and are usually enclosed except to the conveyor inlet or exit. A common application of in

- line cleaners is cleaning printed circuit boards for the electronic and electr ical component industries.

Emissions for each county were estimated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor 31 and the number of 20 10 employ ees in NAICS codes 331 ///

, 332 /// , 333 /// , 334 /// , 335 /// , 336 /// , 337 /// , 339 /// , 441 /// , 483 /// , 484 /// , 485 /// , 488 /// , 8111 //

and 8112 //

. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity l evel.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where: Emission Factor = 36.965 lb VOC/employee/year Employees = 47,205(Allegheny County)

Point Source Subtraction for Allegheny County (2011 PADEP AIMS )

872.47 Tons VOC/year

- 793.34 Tons VOC/year = 79.122 Tons/year

31 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, Augu st 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).- 21

-

Factory Finished Wood (SCC 2401015000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the gluing and coating process. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor 32 and employees numbers in NAICS codes 32 1XX

. 33 The number of employees in each county was collected from County Business patterns and the adjusted employee numbers were provided by EPA, using employment midpoint and adjustment factors for any ranges obtained. Point source emissions, where prese nt, were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Empl oyees)

where:

Emission Factor = 4 8.07 lb VOC/employee/year Employees = 811 (

Bradford County) 33

Point Source Subtraction for Bradford County (2011 PADEP AIMs Point Source Inventory):

19.4923 Tons VOC/year

– 170.7304 Ton VOC/year = 0 Tons/year = 0 lb HAPs/year

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act Regulated Products (SCC 2460800000)

Pesticides defined by Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act ( FIFRA ) include substances or mixtures that are used to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, as well as substances used as plant regulators, defoliators, and desiccants. Cons umer pesticides are used in the home and garden, as well as in commercial and governmental applications. Disinfectants and antimicrobial products are included. Household uses include pet care products, disinfectants and

insecticides. All consumer and co mmercial pesticides contain VOCs. Aerosol and liquid sprays contain VOCs as solvents, usually ethanol and isobutane. Pesticides products can be grouped according to their target pest, but should also be grouped according to their form (solid, liquid or

a erosol) when considering control measures.

32 E RTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 (Version 4).

33 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from US Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: County Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 22

-

County

- level emissions were calculated using a per capita emission factor which was obtained from the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) 34 and U.S. Bureau of the Census

20 11 estimated population data

. 35 The emission factor represents pre

- control emission rates. A

CE of 20 p ercent 36 and an RP of 48.6 percent 37 were applied to reflect the Federal Rule for consumer products. There are no point sources associated with this category.

Each county ’ s emissions are estimated per the sample calculations listed below.

SA MPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where: Emission Factor = 1.78 lb per person/year Population = 1,2 27,066 persons (Allegheny County) Control Efficiency = 20% RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

34 Eastern Research Group, “ Emission Inventory Improvement P rogram, Document Series, Volume III, Nonpoint Sources, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use,” Table 5.4

- 1, prepared for the Nonpoint Sources Committee, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, August 1996, available from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/index.html

. 35 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: Datasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

- http://www.census.gov/popest/d ata/datasets.html . Prepared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012. http://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

. 36 63 FR 48819, 1998: Federal Register

, “ National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Con sumer Products, Final Rule, ” Volume 63, Number 176, September 11, 1998.

37 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.- 23

-

Fuel Combustion

– Commercial/ Institutional (8 SCCs: 2103001000, 2103002000, 2103004000, 2103005000, 2103006000, 2103007000, 2103008000 and 2103011000)

1

. Source Category Description

This sub

- sector covers emissions from fuel combustion at stationary non

- point sources

within the commercial/institutional sector. References are listed at the end of the Fuel

Combustion

- c ommercial/ i nstitutional section. The follow ing are the fuel types that will be included in the inventory for the commercial/institutional non

- point source sub

- sector: anthracite coal, bituminous/sub

- bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas, LPG, wood, and kerosene. Motor gasolin e is not included as a non

- point source

, because it is expected that all non

- point gasoline combustion in this sector is included in the non

road inventory.

The approach to be used in calculating emissio ns for commercial/institutional fuel

combustion is t o first develop state

- level fuel consumption estimates, then to allocate these to the county

- level, and then to multiply the resulting county

- level consumption estimates by appropriate emission factors.

There are additional types of energy that are consum ed in the commercial/institutional sector: asphalt and road o il; feed

- stocks, naphtha (less than 401°F); feed

- stocks, other oils (greater than 401°F); lubricants; motor gasoline; miscellaneous petroleum products; pentanes plus; special naphthas; and waxes

. With the exception of motor gasoline, all of these additional fossil fuels are not actually combusted (oxidized) but are used as

chemical feed

- stocks, construction materials, lubricants, solvents, or reducing agents. Therefore, there are no commercial/ institutional sector combustion emissions from these fuel types. As described in more detail later, most of the fuel types that are included in

the commercial/institutional c ombustion sector, also have a non

- fuel use component. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude this component in calculating non

- point source

commercial/institutional fuel combustion activity/emissions. Motor gasoline is not

inventoried as a non

- point source because it is expected that gasoline combustion in this

sector is included in t he non

- road inventory.

2

. Source Classification and Activity Data

T able 2 displays the non

- point SCCs associated with commercial/institutional fuel

combustion and summarizes this sector ’ s non

- point source activity data, units, and data

source. Total state

- level commercial /institutional sector energy consumption data are available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) ’ s State Energy Data System (SEDS), and were used for all source categories. Year 20 10 SEDS data and 2009 Employee Allocation data were used to estimate 20 11 emissions because these were the latest year consumption data available at the time this work was performed in 20 12

.- 24

- Table 6 . Non p oint Source Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion Activity Data

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4 Activity Activity

Data Source

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short

tons of coal

consumed EIA ’ s SEDS a

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Bituminous/

Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short

tons of coal

consumed EIA ’ s SEDS a

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Distillate Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand barrels

of distillate oil

consumed EIA ’ s SEDs

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand barrels

of residual oil

consumed EIA ’ s SEDs

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Natural Gas Total: All Boiler Types Million cubic feet

of natural gas

consumed EIA ’ s SEDs

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Liquefied Petroleum

Gas (LPG) Total: All

Combustor Types Thousand barrels

of LPG consumed EIA ’ s SEDs

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Wood Total: All Boiler Types Billion Btu of

wood consumed EIA ’ s SEDs

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Commercial/

Institutional Kerosene Total: All Combustor Types Thousand barrels

of kerosene

consumed EIA ’ s SEDs

a With feedstock adjustments that are described in the text of this section.- 25

-

3

. Non

- Fuel Use Energy Adjustment

Some commercial/institutional sector energy is consumed for non

- fuel purposes (feedstocks). For example, natural gas is used as a feedstock in chemical manufacturing plants and to m ake nitrogenous fertilizer, and LPG is used to create intermediate products that are made into plastics. To estimate the volume of fuel that is associated with commercial/institutional combustion, it is necessary to subtract the volume of fuel consumption for non

- energy uses (feedstocks) from the volume of total fuel consumption.

EIA ’ s 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) was utilized for each type of commercial/institutional sector energy consumed in 2010.

4

. Point Source Energy Adjustment

Because the point source inventory also includes commercial/institutional fuel combustion source categories, it is necessary to subtract point source inventory fuel use

from the SEDS commercial/institutional fuel consumption estimates. Table 3 , on the following page, displays the crosswalk between commercial/institutional fuel combustion

non

- point SCCs and associated point source SCCs that PA used in the subtraction procedure

. The subtractions were performed after summing the point source throughput

estimates to the state

- level.- 26

-

Table 7 . Point Source Subtraction SCCs Relevant to Nonpoint Source Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

- I f N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

2103001000 & 2103002000

– Commercial/Institutional; Anthracite Coal; Total: All Boiler Types and Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

103002xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal

10500202 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Coal)

50190002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

50290002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

2103004000

– Commercial/Institutional; Distillate Oil; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

103005xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil

10500205 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Distillate Oil)

50190005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

50290005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

2103005000

– Commercial/Institutional; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

103004xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil

2103006000

– Commercial/Institutional; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

103006xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas

10500206 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Natural Gas)

203002xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas

50190006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

50290006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

2103007000

– Commercial/Institutional; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Combustor Types

103010xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

10500210 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (LPG)

203010xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

50190010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

50290010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Commercial/Institutional Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)

2103008000

– Commercial/Institutional; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

103009xx External Combustion Boilers Commercial/Institutional Wood/Bark Waste

10500209 External Combustion Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Wood)

2103011000

– Commercial/Institutional; Kerosene; Total: All Combustor Types

203009xx Internal Combustion Engines Commercial/Institutional Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet Fuel)

50100603 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Government Fire Fighting (Kerosene)- 27

-

5

. County Allocation of State Activity Data

Year 2011 county

- level activity estimates were developed by allocating the state

- level activity resulting from the adjustments to the SEDS data described above. The EPA compiled 2011 es timates of commercial/in stitutional sector (NAICS codes 42 through 81) employment from the Bureau of Census ’ County Business Patterns 2009 for use in this procedure (Census, 2009). A separate document describes how withheld County

Business Patterns employ ment data were estimated (Divita, 2008). The EPA also added 2011 county

- level estimates of institutional sector (NAICS code 92) employment from 2007 local government employment data in the 2007 Census of Governments. State

- level

commercial/institutional fuel combustion by fuel type was allocated to each county using the ratio of the number of commercial/institutional sector employees in each county to the total number of commercial/institutional sector employees in the state.

6

. Emission Factors

The EPA has compiled criteria and hazardous air pollutant emission factors for non

- point

source commercial/institutional fuel combustion categories (Huntley, 2009). These emission factors, which are too numerous to list here, are included in a spreadsheet within

the ICI fuel combustion workbook. 38 In most cases, these are the same emission factors that were used in preparing the 200 8 non

- p oint source NEI (Pechan, 2006).

7

. Fuel

- Specific Activity Data Adjustments

A. Coal

Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Com monwealth, while bituminous is mined in the western half, the emission calculations assume that eastern counties burn anthracite coal, while western counties burn bituminous

coal.

However, Nonpoint Coal Consumption was calculate d to be zero tons after point

subtraction. This was found by taking the total 2010 SEDs Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional Coal Consumption (anthracite plus bituminous) and subtracting the 2011PADEP AIMs reported point source Commercial/Institutional

C oal usage. This resulted in the category of total Nonpoint Coal Usage being

zeroed out.

38 Documentation for the Draft 2002 Nonpoint Source National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants (March 2005 Version), Appendix A, E.H. Pechan and Associates Inc., March 2005.- 28

- 1) Commercial

/Institutional Coal Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3 lb/to n anthracite coal/year;

0.05 lb /ton bituminous coal/year

NO X Emission Factor = 9 lb/ ton anthracite coal/year; 11 lb /ton bituminous coal/year

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 l b /t on anthracite coal/year; 5.0 lb /ton bituminous coal/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00042 lb/ton anthracite coal/year and bituminous coal/year

SO 2 Emission Factor =34.71 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

35.34 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year

PM 10

- FIL Emission Factor = 14.718 lb/ ton anthracite coal/year;

12 lb /ton bituminous coal/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 6.4224 lb/t on anthracite coal/year;

1.4 lb /ton bituminous coal/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.0704 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

1.04 lb /ton bituminous coal/year

Commercial

/ Institutional Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89%

Commercial/Institutional Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 0.93 %

Commercial/

Institutional Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash

where: Number of Commercial County Employees (Allegheny County)

= 6 34,225 Number of Pennsylvania ’ s Commercial Employees = 4, 529,604

P ennsylvania Commercial /Institutional Coal Consumption = 151,590 tons (SEDs)

- 162,272.5 tons (Point S ource) = 0 .00 tons ( Nonpoint )

NO X Emissions :- 29

-

B. D istillate Oil, Residual Oil and LPG

2010 SEDS Commercial/I nstitutional sector distillate oil and LPG consumption

data (after feedstock subtraction) was point subtracted using 2011 PA DEP Commercial/Institutional AIMs reported point source consumption s . 2009 State and county employee allocations were used, since this data was the most recent provided by the US Census , Co unty Business Pattern. Due to percent feedstock considerations, total distillate oil consumption will be 23 percent less than that reported in 2008.

1) Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.34 lb/ 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

NO X Emission Factor = 20 lb/ 1

, 00 0 gal. distillate oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lb/ 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00126 lb / 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lb/ 1,000 ga l. distillate oil/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 1.08 lb/ 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.83 lb/ 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lb/ 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

NH3 Emission Factor = 0.8 lb/ 1,000 gal. distillate oil/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Commercial Employees = 6 34,225 Number of Pennsylvania Commercial Employees = 4,5 29,604

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institution al Distillate Oil Consumption

= 1,922,286 barrels = 80,736.01 thous. ga l. (SEDs)

– 8,907.54 thous. gal

. (Point Source ) = 71,828.46 thous. g al

. (Nonpoint)

NOx Emissions :- 30

- 2) Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 1.13 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

NO X Emission Factor = 55 lb/ 1,000 ga l . residual oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00165 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 353.25 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

PM 10 - FIL Em ission Factor = 14.9413 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

PM 2.5 - FIL Emission Factor = 5.5488 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.8 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

where:

Number of Commercial/Institutional County Employees (Allegheny

County) = 634,225 Number of Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional Employees

= 4,529,604

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional Residual Consumption

= 287,000 barrels = 4,578,000 thous and gal. (SEDs)

– 256,640 thous and gal. (Point Source) = 4,321.36 thous and gal. (Nonpoint)

VOC Emissions :- 31

- 3) Commercial/Institutional LPG Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.5 lb/ 1, 000 gal. LPG/year

NO X Emission Factor = 14.23 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

CO Emission Factor = 7.97 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

Pb Emission Factor = 4.34905E

- 5 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.06 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.02 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.01 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.03 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 634,225 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 4,529,604

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institution al LPG Consumption

= 38,294,000 thous and gal. (SEDs)

– 36,010 thous and gal. (Point Source)

= 38,257.99 thous and gal. (Nonpoint)

VOC Emissions :- 32

- 4 ) Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lb/ million cubic feet (MMCF) natural gas/year

NO X Emission Factor = 100 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

CO Emission Factor = 84 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0 .0005 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

SO 2 Emis sion Factor = 0.6 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

PM10

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.2 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

PM25

- FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Commercial Employees = 63 4,225 Number of Pennsylvania Commercial Employees = 4,5 29,604

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional NG Consumption

= 141,077 MMCF (SEDs)

– 25,039.49 MMCF (Point Source)

= 116,037.51 MMCF (Nonpoint)

CO Emissions :- 33

- 5) Commercial

/ Institutional Wood Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.017 lb/MMBTU Wood/year

NO X Emission Factor = 0.22 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.025 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.5 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

P M 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.43 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.017 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.005 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

CH 4 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.021 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

CO 2 E mission Factor = 195 lb/

MMBTU Wood/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 634,255 Number of Penn sylvania Industrial Employees = 4,529,604

Pennsylvania Commercial/Institutional Wood Consumption

= 2,527,000 MMBTU (SEDs)

- 106,080 MMBTU (Point Source)

= 2,420,920 MMBTU (Nonpoint)

CO 2 Emission s :- 34

- 6) Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3278571 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

NO X Emission Factor = 19.28572 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

CO Emission Factor = 4.821429 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001215 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 1.041429 lb/1

, 000 gal.

Kerosen e/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.8003572 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.25 lb/1

, 000 gal. Kerosene/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 63 4,255 Number of Pennsylvani a Industrial Employees = 4,5 29,604 Pennsylvania Commercial/Insti tutional Kerosene Consumption

= 133,000 barrels

= 5,586,000 gallons (SEDs)

- 2,840 gallons(Point Source) = 5,583,160 gallons(Nonpoint)

SO 2 Emissions :- 35

-

8

. Additional References for Fuel Combustion

– Commercial/Institutional

1. National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from

U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated fin al activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factor s , provided by

EPA

. 2007 Employee allocations: http://www.census.gov/govs/cog/historical_data_2007.html and County Business
Patterns, 2009 State D ata File: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/09_data/index.html

.

2. Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “ County Business P atterns Calculations, ” December 4, 2008.

3. EIA, 2010a: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, State Energy Data System

– Co nsumption, Physical Unit s, 1960

- 2010, available

from http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds

- data

- complete.cfm

, released in 2012.

4. Energ y I nformation Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey , U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, accessed from:
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2006/2006tables.html

. Released, Nov

. 2009.

5. EIA, 2007b: Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy, Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2005

, DOE/EIA

- 0638 (2005), October 2007.

6. Percent sulfur content of coal from EIA ’ s “ Quarterly Coal Report, October

December 2009 ” (Tables 43 and 44),
http://205.254.135.7/coal/production/quarterly/archive/0121094q.pdf

. Provided at Emissions Inventories Clearinghouse Techn ology Transfer Network, U.S. EPA.

7. Hun tley, 2009: Huntley, Roy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “ SCCs & emission factors to be used in 2008 NEI to Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [electronic file]

. ”

8. Pechan, 2009b: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “ Evaluati on of ICI Combustion Coal Sulfur Content, Technical Memorandum, ” prepared for Central Regional Air Planning Association, March 28, 2009.

9. Pechan, 2006: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. “ Documentation for the Final

2002 Non

- point Sector (Feb 06 Version) National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants, ” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 2006.- 36

-

Fuel Combustion

– Industrial (8 SCCs: 2102001000, 2102002000, 2102004000, 2102005000, 2102006000, 2102007000, 2102008000 and 2102011000)

1

. Source Category Description

This su b

- sector covers emissions from fuel combustion at stationary non

- point sources

within the i ndustrial sector (i.e., s ources that are not reported in the point source inventory because their emissions are too small). References are listed at the end of the

Fuel Combustion

- Industrial section. Industrial fuel combustion emissions will be computed for the following fuel types: anthracite coal, bituminous/sub

- bituminous coal, distillate oil, residual oil, natural gas, LPG, wood, and kerosene.

The approach to be used in calculating emissions for industrial fuel combustion is to first develop state

- level fuel consumption estimates, then to allocate these to the county

- level, and then to multiply the resulting county

- level consumption estimates by appropriate

emission factors.

T here are additional types of energy that are consumed in the industrial sector: asphalt

and roa d oil; feed

- stocks, naphtha (less than 401°F); feed

- stocks, other oils (greater than 401°F); lubricants; motor gasoline; miscellaneous petroleum products; pentanes plus; special naphthas; and waxes. With the exception of motor gasoline, all of these

addit ional fossil fuels are not actually combusted (oxidized) but are used as chemical

feed

- stocks, construction materials, lubricants, solvents, or reducing agents. Therefore, there are no industrial sector combustion emissions from these fuel types. As desc ribed in more detail later, most of the fuel types that are included in the industrial combustion sector, also have a non

- fuel use component. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude this component in calculating non

- point source industrial fuel combustion a ctivity/emissions. Motor gasoline is not inventoried as a non

- point source because it is expected that gasoline combustion in this sector is included in the non

- road inventory.

2

. Source Classification and Activity Data

Table 4 displays the non

- point SC Cs associated with industrial fuel combustion and

summarizes this sector ’ s non

- point source activity data, units, and data source. Total

state

- level industrial sector energy consumption data are available from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) ’ s State Energy Data System (SEDS), and were used

for all source categories. Year 2010 SEDS data and 2009 Employee Allocation data were used to estimate 2011 emissions because these were the latest year consumption data

available at the time this work was performed in 2012.- 37

- Table 8 . Non p oint Source Industrial Fuel Combustion Activity Data

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 SCC Level 4 Activity Activity Data

Source

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Anthracite Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short tons

of coal consumed EIA ’ s SEDS a

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Bituminous/

Sub

- bituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types Thousand short tons

of coal consumed EIA ’ s SEDS a

2102004000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines Thousand gallons of

distillate oil consumed EIS ’ s SEDs

2102005000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types Thousand gallons of

residual oil consumed EIS ’ s SEDs

2102006000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines Million cubic feet of

natural gas consumed EIS ’ s SEDs

2102007000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Boiler

Types Thousand gallons of

LPG consumed EIS ’ s SEDs

2102008000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Wood Total: All Boiler Types Billion Btu of wood

consumed EIS ’ s SEDs

2102011000 Stationary Source Fuel

Combustion Industrial Kerosene Total: All Boiler Types Thousand gallons of

kerosene consumed EIS ’ s SEDs

a With feedstock adjustments that are described in the text of this section.- 38

-

3

. Non

- Fuel Use Energy Adjustment

Some industrial sector energy is consumed for non

- fuel purposes (feedstocks). For example, natural gas is used as a feedstock in chemical manufacturing plants and to make nitrogenous fertilizer, and LPG is used to create intermediate products that are made into plastics. To estimate the volume of fuel that is associated with industrial combustion, it is necessary to subtract the volume of fuel consumption for non

- energy uses (feedstocks) from the volume of total fuel consumption. EIA ’ s 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumpt ion Survey (MECS) was utilized for each type of industrial sector energy

consumed in 2010.

4

. Point Source Energy Adjustment

Because the point source inventory also includes industrial fuel combustion categories, it is necessary to subtract point source inventory fuel use from the SEDs industrial fue l consumption estimates. Table 5 displays a crosswalk between industrial fuel c ombustion

non

- point SCCs and associated point SCCs that PA used in the subtraction procedure. 39
The subtractions were performed after summing the point source throughput estimates to

the state

- level.

Table 9 . Point Sour ce Subtraction SCCs Relevant to

Non p oint Source Industrial Fuel Combustion

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

– If N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

210200 1 000 & 2102002000

– Industrial; Anthracite & Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

102002xx External Combustion

Boilers Industrial Bituminous/Sub

- bituminous Coal

10500102 External Combustion

Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (Coal)

390002xx Industrial Processes In

- Process Fuel Use Bituminous Coal

50390002 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

– Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Coal)

2102004000

– Industrial; Distillate Oil; Total: All Boilers and IC Engines

102005xx External Combustion

Boilers Industrial Distillate Oil

10201403 External Combustion

Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Distillate Oil)

10500105 External Combustion

Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (Distillate Oil)

202001xx Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Distillate Oil (Diesel)

20200401 Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Large Bore Engine (Diesel)

20200405 Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Crankcase Blowby (Diesel)

20200406 Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Evaporative Losses (Fuel Storage and Delivery System) (Diesel)

20200407 Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Exhaust (Diesel)

27000320 Internal Combustion

Engines Off

- Highway Diesel Engines Industrial Equipment

39 As noted in a footnot e to Table 2, it is important to e xclude any natural gas pipeline fuel use from the point source subtraction procedure because SEDS includes such use in the Transportation sector rather than the Industrial sector.- 39

-

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

– If N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

30190001 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30190011 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30190021 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30290001 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390001 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390011 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30390021 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30400406 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Lead (Distillate Oil)

30490001 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490011 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490021 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30490031 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30500208 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Distillate Oil)

30505022 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Distillate Oil)

30590001 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30590011 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30590021 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30600901 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Distillate Oil)

30609901 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Distillate Oil)

30790001 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30790011 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment ( Distillate Oil )

30790021 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890001 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30890011 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipme nt (Distillate Oil)

30890021 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30990001 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

30990011 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

31000401 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

31000411 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

31390001 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Distillate Oil)

390005xx Industrial Processes In

- Process Fuel Use Distillate Oil

39900501 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (Distillate Oil)

39990001 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

39990011 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

39990021 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Distillate Oil)

40201002 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Distillate Oil)

40290011 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

49090011 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)- 40

-

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

– If N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

49090021 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Distillate Oil)

50390005 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

– Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Distillate Oil)

2102005000

– Industrial; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

102004xx External Combustion

Boilers Industrial Residual Oil

10201404 External Combustion

Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Residual Oil)

202005xx Internal Combustion

Boilers Industrial Residual/Crude Oil

30190002 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30190012 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30190022 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30290002 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390002 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390012 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30390022 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490002 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490012 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490022 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30490032 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30500207 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Residual Oil)

30505021 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Residual Oil)

30590002 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30590012 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30600111 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

30600902 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Residual Oil)

30609902 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Residual Oil)

30790002 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30790012 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30790022 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890002 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890012 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30890022 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30990002 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

30990012 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

31000402 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

31000412 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

31390002 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Residual Oil)

390004xx Industrial Processes In

- Process Fuel Use Residual Oil

39990002 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

39990012 Industrial Proce sses Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)- 41

-

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

– If N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

39990022 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Residual Oil)

40201003 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Residual Oil)

40290012 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

49090012 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

49090022 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Residual Oil)

2102006000

– Industrial; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

102006xx External Combustion

Boilers Industrial Natural Gas

10201401 External Combustion

Boilers Industrial CO Boiler (Natural Gas)

10500106 External Combustion

Boilers Space Heaters Commercial/Institutional (Natural Gas)

202002xx a Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Natural Gas

30190003 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30190013 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30190023 Industrial Processes Chemical Manufacturing Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30290003 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30291001 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390003 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390013 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30390023 Industrial Processes Primary Metal Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30400407 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Lead (Natural Gas)

30490003 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490013 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490023 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30490033 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30500206 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (Natural Gas)

30505020 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (Natural Gas)

30590003 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30590013 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30590023 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30600105 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

30600903 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (Natural Gas)

30602401 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Reciprocating Engine Compressors (Natural Gas)

30609903 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (Natural Gas)

30622003 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Underground Storage and Other Remediation: Soil: Natural Gas

30622403 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Underground Storage and Other Remediation: Air Stripping: Natural Gas

30790003 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30790013 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30790023 Industrial Processes Pulp and Paper and Wood

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890003 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30890013 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)- 42

-

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

– If N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

30890023 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990003 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990013 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

30990023 Industrial Processes Fabricated Metal

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

31000404 I ndustrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

31000414 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

31390003 Industrial Processes Electrical Equipment Process Heaters (Natural Gas)

390006xx Industrial Processes In

- process Fuel Use Natural Gas

39900601 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (Natural Gas)

39990003 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

39990013 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

39990023 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries (Natural Gas)

40201001 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (Natural Gas)

40290013 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

40290 023 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

49090013 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

49090023 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Organic Solvent Evaporation Fuel Fired Equipment (Natural Gas)

50390006 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

– Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (Natural Gas)

2102007000

– Industrial; LPG; Total: All Boiler Types

102010xx External Combustion

Boilers Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas

10500110 External Combustion

Boilers Space Heaters Industrial (LPG)

202010xx Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas

27300320 Internal Combustion

Engines Off

- highway LPG

- fueled Engines Industrial Equipment

30290005 Industrial Processes Food and Agriculture Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

30490035 Industrial Processes Secondary Metal

Production Fuel Fired Equipment (Propane)

30500209 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Concrete (LPG)

30505023 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Asphalt Processing (Blowing) (LPG)

30590005 Industrial Processes Mineral Products Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

30600107 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Process Heaters (LPG)

30600905 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Flares (LPG)

30609905 Industrial Processes Petroleum Industry Incinerators (LPG)

30890004 Industrial Processes Rubber and

Miscellaneous Plastics

Products Fuel Fired Equipment (LPG)

31000406 Industrial Processes Oil and Gas Production Process Heaters (Propane/Butane)

390010xx Industrial Processes In

- process Fuel Use Liquefied Petroleum Gas

39901001 Industrial Processes Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Process Heater/Furnace (LPG)

40201004 Petroleum and Solvent

Evaporation Surface Coating Operations Coating Oven Heater (LPG)

50390010 Waste Disposal Solid Waste Disposal

- Industrial Auxiliary Fuel/No Emissions (LPG)- 43

-

SCC SCC Level 1 SCC Level 2 SCC Level 3 (Fuel

– If N ot S pecified at L evel 3)

2102008000

– Industrial; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

102009xx External Combustion

Boilers Industrial Wood/Bark Waste

390009xx Industrial Processes In

- process Fuel Use Wood

2102011000

– Industrial; Kerosene; Total: All Boiler Types

202009xx Internal Combustion

Engines Industrial Kerosene/Naphtha (Jet Fuel)

a Note that EIA ’ s SEDS includes natural g as used as pipeline fuel (e.g., for use in compressor engines) in the Transportation sector rather than the

Industrial sector

. Therefore, such pipeline use should not be included in the point source subtraction procedure.

5

. County Allocation of State Activity Data

Year 2011 county

- level activity estimates were developed by allocating the state

- level activity resulting from the adjustments to the EIA data described above. The EPA compiled 2011 estimates of manufacturing sector employment from the Bureau of

Census ’ County Business Patterns 2009 for use in this procedure (Census, 2009). State

level industrial fuel combustion by fuel type will be allocated to each county using the

ratio of the number of ma nufacturing sector (NAICS codes 31

- 33) e mployees in each county to the total number of manufacturing sector employees in the state.

A separate document describes how withheld County Business Patterns employment data were estimated (Divita, 2008).

6

. Emission Factors

The EPA has compiled crite ria and hazardous air pollutant emission factors for non

- point source industrial fuel combustion categories (Huntley, 2009). These emission factors, which are too numerous to list here, are included in a spreadsheet within the EPA ’ s ICI

fuel combustion wo rkbook. In most cases, these are the same emission factors that were used in preparing the 2008 non

- point source NEI (Pechan, 2006).

A. Coal

The SEDS data provide coal consumption e stimates by type of coal (i.e., anthracite versus bituminous/sub

- bituminous) and in some cases, CAP

emission factors differ between the two. Because anthracite is mined in the eastern half of the Commonwealth, while bituminous is mined in the western half,

the emission calculations assu me that eastern counties burn anthracite coal while

western counties burn bituminous coal.- 44

- 1) Industrial Coal Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.3 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

0.05 lb/ton bituminous coal/year

NO X Emission Factor = 9 lb/ton anthracite coal/year; 11 lb/ton bituminous coal/year

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lb/ton anthracite coal/year; 5.0 lb/ton bituminous coal/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00042 lb/ton anthracite coal/year and bituminous coal/year

SO 2 Emi ssion Factor =34.71 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

38.76 lb/ton bituminous coal/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 14.718 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

12 lb/ton bituminous coal/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 6.4224 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

1.4 lb/ton bit uminous coal/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.0704 lb/ton anthracite coal/year;

1 .04 lb/ton bituminous coal/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.03 lbs/ton anthracite coal/year;

0.03 lbs/ton bituminous coal/year Anthracite Coal Sulfur Content = 0.89%

Bituminous Coal Sulfur Content = 1.02 %

Anthracite Coal Ash Content = 13.38% ash

where: Number of Industrial County Employees (Allegheny

County) = 39,751 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 574,683

Pennsylvania Industrial Coal Consumption = 2,148,300 tons (SEDs)

- 1,601,256 tons (Point Source) = 547,044 tons (Nonpoint)

CO Emissions :- 45

- 2 ) Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.20 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

NO X Emission Factor = 20 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00126 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 1 lb/ 1,00 0 ga l . distillate oil/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.25 lb/ 1,000 ga l. distillate oil/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.3 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.03 lb/ 1,000 gal

. distillate oil/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 39,751 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employe es = 574,683

Pennsylvania Industrial Distillate Oil Consumption = 41,778 thousand gallons (SEDs)

- 11,804 t housand gallons (Point Source) = 29,974 thousand gallons (Nonpoint)

SO 2 Emissions :- 46

- 3) Industrial Residual Oil Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.28 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

NO X Emission Factor = 55.0 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

CO Emission Factor = 5.0 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00165 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 353.25 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 20.7213 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 13.4963 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1.5 lb/ 1,000 gal

. residual oil/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.8 lb/ 1,000 gal. residual oil/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 39,751 Number of Penn sylvania Industrial Employees = 57 4,683 Pennsylvania Industrial Residual Oil Consumption

= 31,374 thousand gallons (SEDs)

- 14,533 t housand gallons (Point Source) = 16,841 thousand gallons (Nonpoint)

PM 10 - FIL Emissions :- 47

- 4) Industrial Natural Gas Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 5.5 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

NO X Emission Factor = 100 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

CO Emission Factor = 84 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

Pb Emission Factor = .0005 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.6 lb/M MCF natural gas/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 0. 2 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.11 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.32 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.32 lb/MMCF natural gas/year

where:

Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 39,751 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 574,683

Pennsylvania Natural Gas Consumption = 200,506 MMCF (SEDs)

- 621,836 MMCF (Point Source) = 0.0 MMCF (Nonpoint)

NO X Emissions :- 48

- 5) Industrial LPG Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.52 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

NO X Emission Factor = 14.23 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

CO Emission Factor = 7.97 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.00018266 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.06 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.02 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.01 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 0.03 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0 .3 lb/ 1,000 gal. LPG/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 39,751 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 574,683

Pennsylvan ia Industrial LPG Consumption = 184,682 ,000 (SEDs)

- 864.4 t housand gallons (Point Source) = 183,818 thousand gallons (Nonpoint)

CO Emissions :- 49

- 6 ) Industrial Kerosene Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.1928471 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

NO X Emission Factor = 19.29 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

CO Emission Factor = 4.82 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

Pb Emission Factor = 0.001215 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 42.6 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.96 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.2 4 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

PM

- CON Emission Factor = 1. 25 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.77 lb/ 1,000 gal. Kerosene/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 39,751 Number of Penn sylvania Industrial Employees = 574,683

Pennsylvania Industrial Kerosene Consumption = 2,100 thousand gallons (SEDs)

- 37.3 t housand gallons (Point Source) = 2,063 thousand gallons (Nonpoint)

SO 2 Emissions :- 50

- 7) Industrial Wood Combustion

VOC Emission Factor = 0.017 lb/MMBTU Wood/year

NO X Emission Factor = 0.22 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

CO Emission Factor = 0.6 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

SO 2 Emission Factor = 0.025 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

PM 10 - FIL Emission F

actor = 0.5 lb/

MMBTU Wood/year

PM 2

. 5 - FIL Emission Fa ctor = 0.43 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

PM

- CON Emission Fa ctor = 0.017 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

NH 3 Emission Factor = 0.00 7 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

CH 4 - FIL Emission Factor = 0.021 lb/ MMBTU W

ood/year

CO 2 Emission Factor = 195 lb/ MMBTU Wood/year

where: Number of Allegheny County Industrial Employees = 39,751 Number of Pennsylvania Industrial Employees = 574,683

Pennsylvania Industrial Wood Consumption = 29,753,000 MMBTU (SEDs)

– 1,881,547 MMBTU (Point Source) = 27,871,452 MMBTU (Nonpoint)

CO 2 Emissions :- 51

-

7

. Additional References for Fuel Combustion

– Industrial

1. National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from

U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors , provided by

EPA

. County Business Patterns, 2009 State D ata File: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/09_data/index.html

.

2. Divita, 2008: Divita, Frank, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., memorandum to Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “ County Business Patterns Calculations, ” December 4, 2008.

3

. EIA, 2010a: Energy I nformation Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, State Energy Data System

– Consumption, Physical Units, 1960

- 2010, available

from http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/ seds

- data

- complete.cfm

, released in 2012.

4

. Energy I nformation Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey , U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, accessed from:
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2006/2006tables.html

. Released, Nov 2009.

5

. EIA, 2007b: Energy Information Administration, U

. S

. Department of Energy, Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2005

, DOE/EIA

- 0638 (2005), October 2007.

6

. Percent sulfur content of coal from EIA ’ s “ Quarterly Coal Report, October

December 2009 ” (Tables 43 and 44),
http ://205.254.135.7/coal/production/quarterly/archive/0121094q.pdf

. Provided at Emissions Inventories Clearinghouse Technology Transfer Network

, U

. S

. EPA.

7

. Hun tley, 2009: Huntley, Roy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “ SCCs &

emission factors to be used in 2008 NEI to Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [electronic file]

. ”

8

. Pechan, 2009b: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., “ Evaluation of ICI Combustion Coal Sulfur Content, Technical Memorandum, ” prepared for Central Regional Air Planning Association, March 28, 2 009.

9

. Pechan, 2006: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. “ Documentation for the Final

2002 N on

- point Sector (Feb 06 Version) National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants, ” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 2006.- 52

-

Graphic Arts (SCC 2425000000)

The graphic arts industry can be divided by technology into six different printing segments: rotogravure, flexographic, offset lithographic, letterpress, screen, and plateless (xerographic, electrostatic, magnetic, t hermal, ink

- jet, etc.). Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of publications, such as newspapers, magazines, books, and advertising, and also printed packaging on various substrates such as paper, plastic, foil bags, wrappers, cardboard cartons, and metal cans. Paper can be coated or uncoated. Films include polyethylene and a number of other polymers. Other products include wall and floor coverings, greeting cards, and paper towels. Textiles are specifically excluded from t he graphic arts operations source

category.

Emissions of VOCs result from evaporation of solvents used in inks and cleaning. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor 40 and

20 10 County Business Patterns employ ee data

. 41 Point source emissions, where present, were

subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)( Employees )

where:

Emission Factor = 201 lb VOC/ employee /year Employees = 2,200 (Allegheny County) 18

40 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, November, 2009

. 41 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoi nt and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: County Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 53

-

Household Products (SCC 2460200000)

Household products consist primarily of cleaning products for hard surfaces, clothing, carpet, dishes waxes and polishes. Other products include air fresheners and charcoal lighter fluids.

These products have air emissions such as special napthas, alcohols, carbonyls and other organics that contain VOCs. The amount of VOCs emitted primarily depends on the VOC content of the product and the amount of product used.

County

- level emissions were cal culated using a per capita emission factor 42 and U.S. Bureau of

the Census 20 11 estimated population data

. 43 The emission factor represents pre

- control

emission rates. A CE of 10.94 percent 44 and an RP of 48.6 percent 45 were applied to reflect the

Federal Ru le for consumer prod ucts. Ther e is no point source emissions associated with this

category.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

where:

Emission Factor = 1.8 lb VOC/person/year Population = 1,2 27,066 persons ( Allegheny County) Control Efficiency = 10.94% RP (Rule Penetration) = 48.6% RE (Rule Effectiveness) = 100%

42 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Proj ect, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

43 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “ Population Estimates: Datasets for all Geographies,

CO

- EST2011

– http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html . P repared by the Pennsylvania State Data Center, released April 2012. http://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Data/Estimates/tabid/1012/Default.aspx

. 44 ERTAC Recommendation, Midwest RPO Inventory Comparability Project; March

– August 2009.

45 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission

Model Rules , prepared for the Ozone Transport Commission, March 2001.- 54

-

Machinery and Equipment (SCC 2401055000)

The VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of the solvent used in the coating process in manufacturing facilities of such as engines, turbines, farm and garden equipment, computers, and office machinery. The emissions for each county were calculated using an employment

- based emission factor 46 and employee data from NAICS Codes 3331XX, 3332XX, 3333XX and 33341XX obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, County Business

Patterns 47 for year 20 10, prepared by EPA , who performed calculati ons for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present,

were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the s tate activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

VOC Emission Factor = 51.64 lb VOC /employee/year Employees = 1

, 073 employees (Allegheny County)

46 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

47 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U.S. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: County Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 55

-

Metal Cans (SCC 2401040000)

This source category includes the manufacturing of metal cans, barrels, drums, kegs, and pails. The emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employment

based emission factor 48 and employee data fro m NAICS Code 332431, obtained from the

U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 49 for year 20 10, prepared by EPA , who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity

level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees )

where:

Emission Factor = 3035 lb VOC/employee/year Employees = 9 employees (Allegheny County)

48 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emission Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

49 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the e mployment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: Count y Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 56

-

Metal Furniture (SCC 2401025000)

This source category includes manufacturing metal household and office furniture, such as beds, cabinets, desks, bookcases, and chairs. The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission fact or 50 an d employee data for

NAICS codes 337124, 337127, 337214, and 337215. Previo u sly used NAICS code 339111 has

been discontinued. The number of employees in each county was obtained from the U.S. Census
Bureau, County Business Patterns 51 for year 20 10, p repared by EPA , who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 887.8025 lb VOC / employee/year Employees = 38 employees (Allegheny County)

50 ERTAC Nonpoint Sourc e Inventory Project, Emission Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

51 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: County Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 57

-

Miscellaneous Manufacturing (SCC 2401090000)

This source category includes small industrial surface coating establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing products not classified in any other group such as jewelry, silverware, musical instruments, dolls, toys, games, pens, pencils, buttons, brooms, and caskets. Operations involve applying a thin layer of coating, such as paint, lacquer, enamel and varnish, to an object for decorative purposes. The surface coating products are either water

- based or solvent

- based liquid carriers that mostly evaporate in the drying or curing process.

The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission fac tor 52 an d employee data for NAICS codes 33 9// and 33 69//

. The number of employees in each county was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, County

Business Patterns 53 for year 20 10, prepared by EPA , who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment fac tors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present,

were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMI

SSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 92.42051 lb VOC / employee/year Employees = 1,675 employees (Allegheny County)

52 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

53 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: County

Business Patte rns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 58

-

Motor Vehicles (SCC 2401070000)

This source category comprises establishments engaged in manufacturing, assembly and rebuilding of body and chassis, engine parts, components and accessories for all types of motor vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, buses, trailers and mobile home s. The products made may be sold separately or may be assembled on purchased chassis and sold as complete vehicles.

VOC emissions from this source category result from the evaporation of solvent from surface coating products used to coat individual pieces.

The emissions for each county were calculated per the sample calculations below using an employment

- based emission factor 54 an d employee data for NAICS codes 339// and 3369//. The number of employees in each county was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, County

Business Patterns 55 for year 2010, prepared by EPA, who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present,

were subtracted from emission estimates dire ctly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATIONS:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 194 lb VOC / emp loyee/year Employees = 225 employees (Allegheny County)

54 ERTAC Nonpoint Source Inventory Project, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

55 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the e mployment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EP A: County Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 59

-

Paper, Foil and Film (SCC 2401030000)

This source category includes the manufacturing of paper, foil and film. Emissions for each county were calculated per the calculation below using an employment

- based emission factor 56

and employee data from NAICS Codes 322221, 322222, 322223, 322225 and 322226. The number of employees in each county was obtained from the U.S. C ensus Bureau, County

Business Patterns 57 for year 20 10

, prepar ed by EPA , who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present,

were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Number of Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 609.3887738 lb VOC/employee/year Employees = 667 employees (York County)

Point Source Emissions = 87.11 Tons

56 ERTAC Nonpoint Sourc e Inventory Project, Emission Fact ors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

57 National, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the employment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EPA: County

Business Patte rns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.- 60

-

Wood Furniture and Fixtures (SCC 2401020000)

This source category includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood home or

office furniture. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of so lvents used in the finish coats and cleanup procedures. Each county ’ s emissions were calculated according to the sa mple calculations below using an employee emission factor 58 and the num ber of employees in NAICS

codes 337110, 337121, 337122, 337127,337129, 337211, 337212 and 337215 . NAICS code

339111

, which w as previously used

, has been discontinued

. The number of employees in each county was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 59 for year 20 10, prepared by EPA , who performed calculations for midpoints and adjustment factors for any ranges that were obtained. Point source emissions, where present, were subtracte d from emission estimates directly at the county level, since there were no throughput data available for

subtraction at the state activity level.

SAMPLE VOC EMISSION CALCULATION:

Annual VOC Emissions = (Emission Factor)(Employees)

where:

Emission Factor = 524.1249 lb VOC/employee/year Employees =3 44 employees (Allegheny County)

58 ERTAC Area Source Inventory Project, Emissi on Factors for Solvents, August 8, 2009 ( V ersion 4).

59 Nat ional, state and county level government employment data downloaded from U

. S

. Census Bureau, mapping of employment flag letters reported by County Business Patterns to the range and midpoints of the range, and calculated final activity data using the emplo yment midpoint and adjustment factors, provided by EP A: County Business Patterns, 2 010 County Business Patterns: http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/download/index.htm

.