Vital and

‘ Health Statistics

Advance Data

From Vital and

Health Statistics:

Numbers 151–1 60

Series 16: Compilations of

Advance Data From Vital and

Health Statistics

No. 16

Data in this report from health and demographic surveys present statistics by age and

other variables; AIDS knowledge and attitudes; changes in cigarette smoking

practices; and the health of the foreign-born population. Estimates are based on the

civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, These reports were

originally published in 1988,

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyatfsville, Maryland

May 1995

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 95-1875
Copyright Information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or copied without permission citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggeatad citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance data from vital and health

statistics: numbers 151–1 60. National Center for Heaith Statistics. Vtal Health

Stat 16(t 6). 1995.
National Center for Health Statistics

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Deputy Director

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemiology, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Planning and

Extramural Programs

Peter L. Hurley, Associate Director for Vital and Health

Statistics Systems

Robert B. Hartford, Associate Director for International

Statistics

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for

Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for Data

Processing and Services

Monroe G. Sirken, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology
AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for November 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Characteristics of Registered Nurses in Nursing Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for December 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relationships Between Smoking and Other Unhealthy Habits United States, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prevalence of Selected Cbotic Gnditions, Utited States, l98%5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utilization of Short-Stay Hospitals by Patients With AIDS: United States, 1984-86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Health of the Foreign-Born Population: United States, 1985-86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Office Visits to Neurologists: 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 Summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for May and June 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No. 151

No. 152

No. 153

No. 154

No. 155

No. 156

No. 157

No. 158

No. 159

No. 160
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 151 ● March 16, 1988

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for November 1987

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D. and Owen T. Thornberry, Ph. D., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has introduced a special set of supplemental questions on the aduk

population’s knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS). This report presents provisional

findings for November, the fourth month of data collection

with the AIDS questionnaire. Data for August, September,

and October 1987 have been published in Advance Data

From V7taZand Health Statistics Nos. 146, 148, and 150.

The Advance Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

data have been restrict ed to simple descriptive statistics in

order to permit their timely release. Thus, these reports do

not attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS knowledge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes,

and perceived risk. The AIDS data base will permit more

complex analyses than those presented in this series of

Advance Data reports, and such analyses currently are

being undertaken by various groups in the Public Health

Service.

The AIDS questionnaire was designed to provide baseline estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about

AIDS transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection

and to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes over

time. The data also were needed as input for the planning

and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for

evaluation of major educational efforts.

The AIDS questionnaire was developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and interagency working

groups established by the Information, Education and Risk

Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the Public Health

Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The working

groups included representatives from the Centers for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration: and

the Health Resources and Sem”ces Administration.

The questionnaire includes items on self-assessment of

knowledge about AIDS; sources of information about

AIDS; knowledge about AIDS and AIDS-related risk factors, modes of transmission, and blood tests for the AIDS

virus; plans to take such a test; recent experience with

blood donation; self-assessment of chances of getting

AIDS; personal knowledge of people with AIDS or the

AIDS virus; and finally, willingness of respondents to take

part in a proposed national seroprevalence study.

December 1987 was the last month in which AIDS data

were collected using the questionnaire described in this

report. In spring 1988, a new AIDS questionnaire trill be

included in the National Health Interview Survey This

revised questionnaire will modi~ some of the quest]ons on

sources of AIDS information, blood donation history, and

blood testing. In summer 1988, the AIDS questionnaire

will be modified again to include items designed to measure

the impact of educational campaigns. Questions on risk

behaviors may be included at that time.

This report presents provisional data for November

1987 for all AIDS questionnaire items. Table 1 displays

percent distributions of persons 18 years of age and over by

response categories according to age, sex, race, and education. In most cases, the actual question asked of the respondent is reproduced verbatim in table 1, along with the

response categories. In a few cases, questions or response

categories have been rephrased or combined. Refusals and

other nonresponses are excluded from the denominator in

the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know”

are included.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

Selected findings

The most notable changes between October and

November 1987 were in the proportions of adults who

reported having discussed AIDS with their children and

lvho stated that their children had received AIDS education

at school. Although the level of misinformation about the

risk of AIDS virus transmission through casual contact

remained high, the percents of adults who thought it very

urdikely or definitely not possible to get AIDS or the AIDS

virus through selected modes of casual contact continued to

increase. The following highlights describe various aspects

of AIDS kno~vledge and attitudes as obsemed in the No-

~cmber data from the NHIS AIDS survey, L-nless other-

\vise noted, all differences cited in the text are statistically

significant.

Awzwerressof AIDS–More than 99 percent of the adult

population has heard of AIDS, and three-quarters of all

adults last saw, heard, or read something about AIDS in

the 3 days preceding the NHIS interview. These figures did

not change between August and November 1987.

Se/j-pcrcei\d L-no~+Ycdge-There was virt ually no

change in the overall level of self-perceived knowledge

about AIDS between August and NTovember.In November,

21 percent of all adults stated that they know a lot about

AIDS. 40 percent stated that they know some, 27 percent

felt they know a little, and 11 percent claimed to know

nothing about AIDS. The racial difference in selfperceived AIDS knowledge has increased over time. In

August, 20 percent of white adults stated that they know a

lot about AIDS, compared to 18 percent of black adults. In

November, the respective proportions were 22 percent and

14 percent. The proportions of adults who reported knowing nothing about AIDS were 9 percent for white adults

and 17 percent for black adults in August; in November,

the comparable proportions were 9 and 26 percent,

respectively.

General krrow/edge-FoHowing a number of statistically

significant changes in the level of general knowledge about

AIDS and the AIDS virus between August and September

1987, there were few changes between September and

November. [n November, more than 90 percent of all

adults 18 years of age and over thou@ that it is definitely

or probably true that AIDS leads to death, that there is no

cure for AIDS at present, and that the AIDS virus can be

transmitted via sexual intercourse and shared needles and

from a pregnant woman to her baby. Almost as many

adults, 89 percent, realized that AIDS cripples the body’s

natural protection against disease. Approximately threefourths of all adults thought that it is definitely or probably

true that AIDS is caused by a virus and that a person can be

infected with the virus without having the disease AIDS.

The proportion of adults thinking it definitely false that an

AIDS vaccine is available to the public has increased

steadily over time, from 65 percent in August to 69 percent

in September, 71 percent in October, and 73 percent in

November,

Transmission of the AIDS vims-As shown in figure 1,

the proportions of adults who thought it very unlikely or

definitely not possible to get AIDS or the AIDS virus

.

Shaking hands with or touching someone who has AIDS

Attending school with a child who has AIDS

Kissing on the cheek a person who has AIDS

Working near someone with AIDS

Pets or animals

Being coughed or sneezed on by someone who has AIDS

M August = September =October ~ November

o

I I I I 1 I

o 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE National Center for Health Slalistics, Oivision of Health krlerview Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.

Figure 1. Provisional ealimates of percent of adults who think it is very unlikely or definitely not possible to get AIDS or the AIDS vh’us

in~ectlon from various conjectured modes of transmission: United Statea, Auguat-November, 1987
advancedata 3

d]rcrugh sclectecl modes of casual contact continued to

increase between October and hTovember 1987. For the

duta shown in figure 1, all changes between October and

November and between September and October are statistically significant; because of the relatively small sample

size in August, not all of the changes beween August and

September are statistically significant.

In November, 70 pcrccnt of all adults realized that it is

very unlikely or clefinitcly not possible to get AIDS or the

AIDS virus by shaking hands \vith or touching someone

Ivho has AIDS, up from 61 percent in August. 63 percent in

September, and 68 pcrccnt in October. Similar levels of

incrcasc were observed for the other types of CWM1contact

sho~vn in figure 1. In preparing this figure, the categories

‘Yery unlikely” and “definitely not possible” were grouped

for purposes of consistent presentation. Both responses are

not necessarily correct for all items. For some forms of

casual contact, many AIDS researchers would argue that

the only correct response is ‘-definitely not possible.” The

proportions of adults considering it definitel~ not possible

to get AIDS or the AIDS virus through var]ous forms of

casual contact has increased steadily over time as well.

Blood test for the AIDS \“irus—Seventy-tw’o percent of

adults have heard of a blood test for infection with the

AIDS virus. Over time, there has been a sIi@ decrease in

the proportion of adults who erroneously believe that the

blood test results tell whether a person has the disease

AIDS—from 41 percent in August to 38 percent in November. In November, only 5 percent of all adults reported

having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus. An

additional 2 percent stated that their blood had been tested

in connection with blood donation or transfusion. Eleven

percent of adults stated that they have thought about having

the blood test, and 4 percent reported plans to have the test

in the next 12 months—about the same proportions that

have been observed since AuSust 1987.

Risk of getting AZDS—There has been a slight but

statistically significant increase over time in the proportion

of adults who think that there is no chance of their getting

the AIDS virus, from 60 percent in August and September

to 62 pcrccnt in October and 63 percent in November. The

increase was greatest among the most highly educated

individuals. Among adults \vith more than 12 years of

education, the proportion thinking that there is no chance

that they will get the AIDS virus increased from 51 percent

in August to 62 percent in November; for individuals with

less than 12 years of education, the observed change was

not statistically significant.

AIDS prevention —There \vas virtually no change between August and November 19S7 in the proportions of

adults who consider various methods effective in preventing

transmission of the AIDS virus. In November, 90 percent of

all adults thought that celibacy is vev effective in

Have discussed AIDS with chlldrenl

I

August 60

September 61

Childrenl have received

AIDS instruction at school

I

August

September 42

1 I I ! I I

o 20 40 60 80 100

Percenl

lChildr@n 10-17 years Of age.

SOURCE National Center for Iieallh Statistics, Oivision of Health Interviaw

Stslislics, National Health Inlerview Stmey.

Figure 2. Provisional ●stimates of percent of adults with children

10-17 years of ag~ who havo dlscusaed AIDSwith their children and

whose children have received AIDSinstruction at schook

United States, August-November, 1987

preventing AIDS virus transmission, and 85 percent considered it very effective to maintain a monogamous relationship with a person who does not have AIDS. Thirty-three

percent of adults felt that using condoms is very effective in

preventing transmission of the AIDS virus; 48 percent

considered this method to be somewhat effective.

AIDS discussion and educa~ion—The proportion of

adults who have discussed AIDS with their friends and

relatives has remained fairly stable over time, but the

percent who have discussed AIDS with their children has

increased. In August, 60 percent of adults with children

10-17 years of age had discussed AIDS with those chiklren;

by November, the proportion had risen to 6S percent

(figure 2). A large portion of the increase took place since

October, when the proportion was 63 percent.

In August, 36 percent of adults with children 10-17

years of age reported that their children had received AIDS

instruction in school. This proportion increased to 42 percent in September, 45 percent in October, and 51 percent in

November. The proportion of acluhs who do not know if

their children have received AIDS education in school has

remained fairly stable since August, about one-third of the

total.
4 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimatea of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey,. by selected characteristics: United States, November 1987

[Data are based on household Interviews of the CMIIWI noninsfiiutionailzad population. The survey design, general qualiflsalkma, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are given in technical nolas]

Age sex Race Education

16-29 30-49 50 years Lass than More than

AIDS knowledge or amfude Toktt years years and over Mate Female Wrfle Black 12 yesrs 12 years 12 yaats

Peroanl diilrtbutbnf

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1CO

i. Have you ever heard of AIDS? When was the last time you saw,

heard, or read something about AIDS?

0-3daya ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7 daysago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-14dayS ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 31dayeago, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Compared to most people, how much would you say you know

about AIDS?

A lit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Littl e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nolhlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3s- AfDSLsadiseasecausadbyavtrus.

Deflnifelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftniielyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3b. AIDSoan cripple the body's natural prolacllon against dbease.

Defintrelylme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defimtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3c. AtDSisespacially common inokJar people.

Oefimfelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Detinitelyfatae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3d. TheAIOSvlmscan damage the bratn.

Definitelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oeflntielyfatse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3e. AIOSusually leads tohearf disease.

DefinihXytNe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfaba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defintfelyfatsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3f. AIDSleadstodeafh.

Oefinifelytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defimfelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4a. Where doyouget most ofyourinformatlon about AIDS?*

Telev&on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relativeaandfriends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f3rochuras/fIiars/pamphlets..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO/clm!c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4b. Ofthewurcasyou justtold me, fromwhich onedoyougetthe

mostmformation?

Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/fliers/pamphlets.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO/clmsz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8ee fodr!otesat erd of table.

75

15

3

4

2

2

21

40

27

11

0

47

26

4

5

18

72

17

1

1

9

0

1

20

89

9

25

31

8

6

29

8

22

17

15

39

92

6

0

0

2

84

57

30

9

8

8

8

15

0

57

19

9

2

2

10

1

100

86

19

6

5

2

2

23

45

28

4

0

5e

23

4

4

10

76

15

1

1

7

1

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22

66

10

21

33

10

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26

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16

36

92

7

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1

85

:

7

12

10

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62

12

9

3

3

12

0

100

76

14

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45

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52

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13

80

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21

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92

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86

42

17

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10

9

11

18

0

66

12

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2

5

12

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70

13

4

4

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35

32

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32

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:

34

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1

2

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5S

22

25

27

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5

39

9

19

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11

52

68

6

0

5

se

44

16

6

9

5

5

6

1

71

12

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1

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73

15

4

4

2

2

16

42

33

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43

28

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6

18

72

19

1

;

1

1

20

72

7

24

34

6

5

22

6

23

16

13

40

93

5

0

0

1

87

56

26

8

7

7

4

9

0

62

18

7

2

2

7

1

100

79

15

2

3

1

1

34

47

17

2

0

58

25

:

10

85

11

0

:

0

1

22

72

5

27

30

11

8

24

7

21

21

18

32

93

7

0

1

79

67

41

10

9

10

7

24

0

44

23

14

2

2

14

1
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Intetvk$%%of the civilbn nOt’IlnS.!itutkXEdiZSdPOPulafik3n.The survey design, 9eneraI watfiikns. end Informationon the relbbility of

the estimatesare given in technical flOt=]

Age sax Race Educafkxr

18-Z9 .5049 50 years Lass than More Ihan

AIDS knowledge or afft?ude Totaf years yeims and over Male Female WMe Black 12 ymrs 12 years 12 years

5a.

5b.

6a.

6b.

6C.

6d.

6e.

6f.

7.

7a.

7b.

If you wanted more spedk information about AIDS, where

would you get K?z

Doctor/HMO/clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publkhealth department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ubrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDShot lirre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Which one source would you mast likely use?

Doctor/HMO/clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publkheal!h department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDShat line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorttkrra w. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A person can be infected with the AIDS vkus end not have the

rlkease AIDS.

Definitely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definilelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

You can tell if people have the AIDS virus just by lookingat

them.

Definitelyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probat)lyhue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Danlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anypasorrwiththe AIDSviruscanpass itorrloaomeaneelse

durina sexual intercourse.

57

18

12

8

26

13

46

13

7

6

14

13

1

4

15

69

10

56

17

15

9

29

8

46

14

9

7

16

8

57

22

6

5

10

1

4

z

6

tiefinttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79. 63

Probablytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifelyfalw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tfmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apregnantwaman whohastheAIDS viruscangtveAIDS to

her baby.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflrritelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There Isa vaccine available to the public that protects a person

fromgettingtheAtDS virus.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyttue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflrrttetyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There ts no cure far AIDS at present.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnilelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howlilrelydoyou thinkltkthalapersan willgettheAIDS virus

from–

Rwetvingablaad !mnsfusbn?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlllreiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Samewhaturrlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntfelynotposwble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dona!ingorgiving blood?

15

1

1

4

75

19

0

0

6

1

3

9

73

14

86

7

1

2

5

34

32

12

17

2

5

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhatlilreiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Definitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Sae fodndas at end of tab!e.

13

1

1

2

77

19

1

0

3

2

3

11

74

11

66

6

0

2

4

33

30

14

19

2

3

8

15

13

35

25

4

56

21

14

9

31

10

43

15

9

7

16

10

61

23

3

2

10

1

4

;

5

81

16

1

1

2

77

16

0

4

:

8

80

9

89

7

1

1

2

32

32

14

16

1?

8

11

12

36

27

3

58

15

7

5

19

21

50

11

4

4

10

21

44

27

3

2

24

1

5

15

60

19

75

17

1

0

7

70

20

0

10

2

3

:

23

60

9

0

2

8

36

33

6

13

2

8

9

16

10

30

21

13

Percent dfstrtbutlani

58

18

10

6

27

13

47

13

6

6

15

13

63

26

5

3

14

1

4

18

87

9

76

18

1

1

4

71

21

1

7

1

2

11

75

11

64

6

0

2

5

31

39

13

19

2

5

9

f4

12

36

23

6

66

18

13

8

25

13

46

13

8

6

14

13

55

23

3

3

16

1

4

13

71

11

62

13

0

1

4

79

16

0

0

5

1

3

8

71

16

87

6

:

4

Za

33

11

14

1

5

8

14

11

34

25

8

57

18

12

8

26

13

46

13

7

6

14

13

57

24

3

2

14

1

4

15

71

9

79

16

1

1

4

75

19

1

0

6

i

2

9

75

12

87

7

0

2

4

31

32

13

16

2

4

7

12

12

37

27

6

56

19

12

8

27

12

4e

14

6

6

14

12

40

26

6

5

23

4

7

14

57

18

79

14

8

75

18

8

4

7

9

56

25

77

10

1

2

10

47

33

3

5

2

9

19

26

12

23

10

11

56

12

6

6

22

22

48

8

4

5

12

22

34

23

5

3

34

2

7

16

51

24

73

17

1

0

9

66

21

0

12

3

5

9

64

26

75

10

:

11

4’f

30

5

9

2

12

16

19

10

21

16

18

56

15

13

8

25

14

48

11

7

6

13

14

54

26

4

3

13

1

4

16

70

6

83

13

0

0

3

75

19

0

0

6

1

3

11

71

14

85

6

1

2

4

34

35

11

14

2

4

7

15

11

37

24

5

58

25

15

9

30

6

42

18

9

6

17

8

66

22

3

3

7

1

2

14

79

4

60

16

1

1

2

60

17

1

2

0

1

8

84

6

93

5

0

1

1

29

29

2

1

1

5

10

12

40

30

2
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1987-Con.

[Data are bas=edon household Irrtetvlews of the ciwhan rronmstrfutionalized population. The survey design, general qualifiiafiorrs, and inforrnafion on the rellafMly of

the estimates are given in tachnisal nolesl

Age sax Race Educatkm

18-29 30-49 50 years Less than More trrarr

AIDS knowledge or attitude Total years years and over kfafe Female White Hack 12 yaws 12 yeais 12 years

7c. Living near a hospital or home for AIDS pabents?

Verylikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhat unlllrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Definitely notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

?d. Wortdngnes rsomaonewithAlDS7

Verylilrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

somewhatllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Somewhatunlilreiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Definrteiynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7e. EafhginarestaurantwherethecoolrfTasAIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”. 8

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Veryuniikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Defmitelynotpossibie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7f. Kissing-with exctsange ofealiva-a pet30nwhohes AlDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Veryuntikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Defintteiynotpossibie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DOn’tknOiV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:

7g. Shakmghands wlthortouching someone whohas AIDS?

Veryllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhetunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Definitelynotpossibie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7h. Shartng plates. forks, orglasses wifheomeone whohas AlDS?

Varyiiireiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Somewfmtl ikeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

.somewhalunlikel y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Definifelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

DmWlrnow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7i. Using publtc toilets?

Verylikely . . . . . . . .. i..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Somewhatunilkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S

Definitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7j. Sharing needlee for drug use wkh someone MO has AIDS?

Veryilkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

.%mewhatiikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhatuniikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Deflnrtelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

7k. tUssiig ont~ecfleek aperson wtrohas AIDS?

Veryhkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewfratlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Somewfratunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Veryuntikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Deflnitelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

71. Being coughed or sneezed on by someone who I’Iae AIDS?

VeIylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

somawfmfl ikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Somewfratunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

DeffnHelynotpoesible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3eef@notesaSeti oftable.

1

4

11

41

39

3

3

16

15

36

28

4

7

22

21

24

16

9

25

33

15

14

5

8

2

8

15

32

36

3

L!

16

21

16

7

7

19

16

31

21

7

95

4

0

0

0

1

3

9

18

34

32

4

8

22

22

23

18

7

2

4

7

39

45

4

4

13

15

35

28

4

7

22

17

29

16

9

28

37

11

12

5

7

1

6

17

39

32

4

11

32

15

21

15

6

6

18

17

28

22

8

96

3

0

0

0

2

8

18

37

30

4

7

25

z

17

8

1

5

8

35

37

15

3

14

11

32

24

15

2

12

23

14

20

32

33

9

7

4

16

2

7

14

35

30

13

:;

11

16

13

18

9

22

12

23

17

16

87

5

0

0

0

6

3

13

14

32

24

14

10

28

14

17

12

19

Percent distrtbutlon’

1

3

6

42

36

7

3

12

15

36

26

6

8

22

17

28

14

11

27

35

12

10

4

11

1

7

16

39

31

6

11

32

14

20

14

9

6

19

15

31

19

10

93

4

0

0

0

3

3

11

17

36

26

8

7

25

19

24

15

10

1

5

8

35

43

6

4

15

12

33

27

9

8

22

15

24

17

14

30

33

11

11

5

10

2

1:

36

34

7

11

30

14

19

15

11

;

15

25

21

11

93

4

0

0

0

2

3

9

17

33

30

7

9

26

16

21

16

12

1

4

7

39

42

7

3

14

13

35

27

7

7

22

16

27

16

12

27

35

12

11

4

10

1

6

15

39

33

6

10

30

14

21

15

10

6

19

15

28

21

10

93

4

0

0

0

2

2

10

16

36

28

7

7

25

16

24

18

10

3

7

13

30

31

16

6

12

17

27

23

15

13

23

14

17

13

20

35

35

7

6

5

13

4

10

17

30

26

11

2

8

11

11

14

$

13

19

14

14

90

6

0

0

4

7

12

2?

25

22

12

14

28

12

13

14

19

2

7

6

30

32

20

5

15

$

24

20

10

23

15

15

13

23

29

33

6

6

4

22

3

9

12

2e

30

17

:

8

13

E

12

24

10

17

15

22

63

8

;

1

8

4

14

16

24

23

19

12

28

12

12

;

:

8

40

40

6

5

16

14

34

26

7

9

23

14

25

17

12

32

34

10

11

5

9

;

16

39

32

5

E

13

17

15

10

z

14

27

20

11

95

3

:

0

2

3

11

:

29

6

9

27

~

16

10

0

3

8

41

46

2

1

12

16

39

28

3

5

20

19

32

16

7

25

36

16

13

5

6

:

17

41

35

2

9

27

18

25

15

5

2?

20

28

16

9

93

5

0

0

2

2

9

;

26

5

6

28

21

20

13

9
advancedata 7

Table l. Provisional estimates of thepercent of persons 18years ofageand over witiselected AIDSknowledge andatiitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1987-Con.

[Data are based on householdlnlen4ewsof the ctdliannoninstiiutbnehzedpoputatlon.The surveydes!gn,genera! quatifkations,and informationon ma reliabilityof

the estimatesare gtvenintechnlcai noles]

Age ax Race Educetlon

16-29 W&K? 50 yzE Less than

AIDS knowledge or atfitucie

More than

Toia/ years years and omr Male Femakr Whtte Black 12jars 12years 12years

7m.

7n.

70.

7p.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Attendingschoolwitha childwtIo has AfDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somawhat lil(ely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat urrllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryurrlllrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynotpoasible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mosquitoesor other insects?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.Somewhaflikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynotpossible .,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pets or anlmats?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryr.mllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DefWtelynotposslble. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Havingsax wlfha personwho has AtDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyouevertteard ofabloodtaatfor Infecfbnwiththa

AIDS Virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DoastMstesttell whetheraparson haslhedisaasaAtDS?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest (no/don’tknowto q.8) . . . . . . . . . . .

If a parson has a posiffvebloodtest for Infecfbnwiththe AIDS

virus,doesthismean thattheycsngive somaoneelsalhe AIDS

viruslhroughsexusl intercourse?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

‘No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nsverheardoftest (no/don’tknowtoq. 8) . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever had your bloodtestedforInfecfbn withthe AIDS

2

8

13

36

31

10

8

24

11

19

17

20

2

9

9

29

29

22

83

5

0

0

0

2

72

25

3

36

23

11

28

63

3

6

28

ViNS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Yes,inblcoddonatiin/transfusbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Don’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Never heard ofteat(no/don’t knowtoq.8) . . . . . . . . . . . 28

12a. Have you ever thoughtabout hating thisbloodtesl?

Aireadyhadtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Donlknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Never heard oftest(no/don’t knowtoq.8) . . . . . . . . . . . 26

12b. Do you plan to be tested in the nexl 12 months?

Alraadyhadtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Never heard of lest or thoughtabout havingtest (no/don?

knowtoq.60rq. 12a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

s= footnotesStendoftsble.

3

8

14

39

32

4

9

29

14

17

17

15

3

10

13

30

26

16

94

5

0

0

0

81

18

1

40

26

13

19

70

4

6

19

a

3

69

1

19

11

E

20

11

6

6

2

73

1

9

13

39

32

6

8

25

X

18

16

1

8

9

32

32

17

94

5

0

0

0

61

17

1

42

29

11

19

71

3

7

19

:

71

1

19

9

E

19

9

4

8

3

77

2

8

13

32

26

16

8

20

9

17

16

30

3

7

7

25

27

30

90

5

0

0

0

4

55

36

6

31

14

11

45

46

:

45

1

1

51

2

45

3

4

48

45

;

1

1

93

2

6

13

39

20

9

;

13

19

17

18

3

10

11

30

28

16

82

6

0

0

2

74

24

2

38

25

13

26

64

3

?

26

8

3

62

2

26

9

12

52

2a

9

4

8

2

70

2

6

13

34

32

11

7

24

10

19

17

23

2

7

6

28

31

24

84

4

0

0

0

2

71

26

3

30

22

10

29

m

3

6

26

4

2

64

d

5

11

55

30

5

3

5

2

64

1

8

13

38

31

9

7

23

12

20

17

20

2

8

9

31

30

21

83

5

0

0

0

1

74

23

3

36

25

11

26

65

;

26

5

2

85

2

26

7

11

56

28

i

:

62

5

11

z

27

14

13

31

12

10

13

22

7

14

10

2

28

89

8

0

2

60

35

5

36

12

10

40

53

1

5

40

8

2

49

d

10

14

36

41

10

6

3

3

77

4

11

11

26

26

22

12

27

6

13

11

31

5

11

7

20

23

35

67

7

0

0

5

54

40

5

34

9

12

46

46

2

7

46

3

1

47

2

46

5

:

46

5

5

:

87

2

8

13

36

31

9

9

26

11

17

17

20

2

8

9

20

30

22

95

4

0

0

0

1

71

27

3

E

12

29

61

2

6

2a

:

63

A

7

E

30

7

3

4

3

64

3

9

14

40

27

7

12

23

;

17

16

2

6

14

33

26

14

93

5

1

1

77

21

2

39

23

14

23

70

3

4

23

5

2

69

0

23

8

16

52

24

8

7

7

2

76
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the ctvllian nonlnstitutkmallzed populalkm. The survey design, general queliiitions, and inforrnafh on the relieblltty of

the estimates are given in Ieohnical r’IOleS]

Age sex Race Educatkm

ta.w 30-49 50 years Less tm More than

AIDS knowledge or affifude Totaf years years and over Male Female Wlrlte Black 12 yews 12 years 12 years

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Where would you go to have a blood lest for the AIDS virus

infecbon?s

Nowhere/woulrXs”l taketesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSclink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~~rctink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rad Croes/blood bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where would you go to find out where 10 have this blood

lest +4

AICrShofllne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDScllnio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherclink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publichealthdepartmenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NowhererWouldnltaketesf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you donated blood since 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever parsonafly known anyone who had Kheblood

test for the AIDS virus infeckon?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whaterethechencas ofsomeonayouknow gettlngtheAIDS

virus?

Hig h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are your chances of geffrng the AIDS virus?

H~h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Herearemewmds somepeopleuee toprevenlgetting the AIDS

wrusthrougheexual actlvty.Howeffecllve ls4

29

47

3

10

6

19

7

39

2

17

3

15

11

86

0

14

65

1

9

16

35

28

0

13

1

4

28

83

0

4

19a. Usmgadwphragm?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewfiatetfective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Notatalleftecflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Don’lknowhoweffectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Don’lknowmetfrod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

19b. Using a conrJom?

Veryeffacltve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Somewhateffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Notatalleffectke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’tknowhowetfective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Don’tknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

19c. Using aspermk3daljelly,f oam,orcreem?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Scrmewtraletfectiwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Notatalleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Don’tknowhoweffectiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

19d. Being Cellbate, that is, not having sex at all?

Veryeffectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Somewhateftaclwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Notatafleffecttte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknowhoweffecUve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

See focmotesal erd oftable.

4

35

38

4

12

9

22

5

52

11

10

16

84

18

81

1

2

37

19

9

1

5

38

64

4

2

12

65

14

6

36

49

7

4

2

2

14

84

16

5

91

6

1

1

1

4

28

51

3

9

4

18

13

17

5

19

8

25

14

88

0

18

80

2

10

19

2

0

10

1

3:

80

0

3

2

10

65

19

4

35

51

5

8

i

1

13

84

19

3

e4

3

1

1

0

7

18

84

1

6

5

55

45

5

84

1

6

92

1

4

9

28

41

0

19

0

2

19

73

6

2

10

45

33

9

27

44

6

18

5

2

12

41

35

9

85

6

0

6

2

Percentdistrlbuftonl

7

32

44

2

;

19

5

33

18

5

21

2

0

13

86

1

8

:

24

12

1

4

31

59

5

2

10

5e

23

6

35

48

4

10

2

1

14

55

24

6

89

5

1

3

1

2

27

60

5

12

5

18

12

49

5

16

5

8

91

0

15

64

2

9

:

31

0

13

1

3

28

a

o

4

3

11

58

22

6

31

48

7

11

3

2

12

57

23

6

91

5

1

2

1

5

27

49

3

10

6

17

9

43

2

21

4

6

E

o

14

84

1

9

:

27

0

12

:

22

63

0

4

2

10

61

22

5

34

49

6

9

2

1

a

23

5

91

5

1

3

1

2

44

33

6

11

5

30

70

10

eo

13

65

2

2$

23

28

21

:

23

69

9

5

12

43

25

15

28

41

7

17

7

4

11

46

26

13

85

7

3

3

2

1

40

35

13

11

87

15

18

7

92

0

2

1

6

z

37

0

25

:

19

67

9

3

11

40

33

13

23

40

8

21

7

3

9

41

35

12

79

8

2

8

3

5

34

48

5

6

2

12

27

29

32

11

89

0

12

86

1

9

15

36

30

0

10

:

25

86

0

4

3

10

57

24

6

34

47

7

10

2

1

13

57

23

5

91

4

1

2

1

2

33

53

6

4

58

42

E

1

20

78

2

8

19

40

23

10

1

3

31

62

3

2

15

61

17

6

36

48

5

9

2

3

13

62

19

3

W

4

1

4

1
acivancecfata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowfedge and ●ftudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristic= United States, November 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of me ckvllii noninstiiulionelized populafiin. The survey desfgn, generaf quahf!cations, end informationon the reliability of

the estimates are gtven in Iechnlcaf notes]

A@I sax Race Educatbrt

18-29 30-49 50 years Lass than More than

AIDS knowledge or afttiude Total years years and OW% Male Femam L%Wfe Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

19e. Two people who do not have the AIDS virus havinga

20.

21.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

completely monogamous releflonship, that is, having sex

only Vrtiih each olhei?

Veryeffecfiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Somewhat effecfiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Notatall effecliie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’tknow howeffectiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever drscussed AIDS wllh a friend or reiahve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Whenwasthelest tlmeyoudiiussed AIDSwifhafriend or

relatiie?

0-3days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4-7ctaysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

8-14ctaysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Neverdiscussed(no/don”tknowtoq. 20) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Have you aver dkscussed AfDS with [any of your children age

l&17]?5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have your children had any instruction at school about AIDS?5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Have you avar personally known anyone with the AIDS virus?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Donllrnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Have you ever personally known anyone with AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9’2

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

The U.S. Public Health SeWcehessaidthat AIDStsoneoftha

maJor health problems In the country but exaclly how many

people It affacte ksnot known. The Surgeon Ganersl has

proposad that a study be concluded and blood samples&r

taken to help fmd out how widespread Ihe problem is. If you

were selected in fh!s natkonal sample of people to have their

bloodtesledwilh essurancesofprtvacy oftestresults, would

you have fhe test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Dfher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Would you went to know the results of the blood test?”

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

85

10

2

2

1

72

28

0

19

18

9

13

2

3

56

44

51

25

23

5

93

2

2

1

74

18

2

6

98

2

91

6

1

1

0

77

23

0

19

21

8

15

8

24

4

69

30

0

51

19

342

9

66

3

9

89

2

72

19

2

6

97

2

79

9

2

8

3

45

53

1

12

14

4

7

5:

3

60

3s

1

56

$

4

94

2

4

94

2

62

27

3

9

97

2

Percentd!stribufbnt

65

8

2

4

1

60

39

1

15

16

6

11

6

41

3

59

40

1

50

15

35

6

91

2

7

91

2

69

z?

2

6

97

2

66

8

2

3

1

69

30

1

18

19

7

12

:

3

75

25

52

22

26

4

2

6

92

1

69

21

2

8

97

2

87

8

1

3

1

65

34

1

17

16

7

12

7

36

3

70

30

51

19

30

6

92

2

6

92

2

69

22

2

7

86

2

78

12

3

5

2

62

36

2

17

16

6

11

4

4

57

40

3

52

20

26

7

90

3

9

69

2

71

20

2

7

86

3

72

12

3

10

3

45

54

1

13

13

3

8

4

3

55

45

54

18

28

3

95

2

4

95

1

63

23

2

11

99

1

87

8

2

3

1

62

36

1

14

16

8

12

$

3

64

3s

o

47

20

33

5

93

2

5

94

1

70

22

2

6

96

2

90

6

;

o

67

32

0

24

17

5

12

2

1

76

24

60

18

32

7

91

2

7

92

1

71

22

3

4

86

3

‘Excludespemom forwhomnorespame wasrecmdedawtw refusedlorespond. Forquesticm2thrcugh 27,totaleJeoexckdes pemomswlmnew-er heardofAIDS.

2MulipleresWmc8 maysumtornme lhmlmpercd. 3BaAonmmm ~m~ri~psto amsli~126

‘Based on persora answenmg don’t know to question 13.

5Ba~donperso~ ~Wfl~ymIO queslim22,byw fwearrjctildrsn JWCflG17?@SStiOn ~wu.*mW dowhe~?

‘Basedonpe- arawmrqymto w06tlm2e.

NOTE Total, age, sex, and educdion irdude persons of 04hm end unkrmvn rece nof shcwn separately under race. Educatim refers to years of SChod canpkfed.
advancedata 11

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week a probability sample of the civilian noninstituTable L Sample size for the National Health Interview Survey of

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes and estimated adult population

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, November 1987

EsWnatad

Sample populatkvr

Characferktic size in ttrousends

All adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,333 174,528

Age

18-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 47,725

30-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I,ael 68,109

50years andovar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,243 60,695

*X

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,345 82,703

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,988 91,625

Race

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,794 151,003

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 19,107

Education

Lessthan 12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 41,503

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254 86,475

Morethan 12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,2e9 62,363

tionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The AIDS knowledge and

attitudes questions were asked of a single randomly chosen

adult 18 years of age or over in each family. The

estimates in this report are based on completed interviews

with 3,333 persons, or about S8 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic sub~~oups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have heard of AIDS. The

population figures in table I are based on first-quarter 19S7

data from the NHIS; they are not official population estimates. TabIe H shows approximate standard errors of

estimates presented in table 1. Both the estimates in table 1

and the standard errors in table 11 are provisionaL They

may differ slightly from estimates made using the final data

tile because they were calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does not adjust for all the factors used in

weighting the final data file. The final data file covering the

entire 5-month period of data collection, August through

December 1987, will be available in 1988.

Table IL Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1987

Age sax Race Educakxr

16-29 3G49 50 yasrs

Estlmaled percent

Lass /ban More than

Total years years and over Male Female Write Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.7

10or W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.3

0.7

1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.0

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.5

1.0

1.2 1,2 1.2 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.8 1.2

200r80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.7 1.3

1.2

1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 2.3

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9

1.4

1.8 1.5

1.4

1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 25 E

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.9

1.5 1.5

1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.0 2.6 2.1 1.6

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0

1.6

1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 27 2.2 1.6

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 1.6

1.6

1.7 1.6 1.3

;:: 2.1

1.1 2.8 2.2 1.7

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 28 2.3 1.7 w

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.1 2.9 2.3 1.7 1.7

Symbols

. Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than 0.5
12 advancedata

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, D. A. Dawaon

and O. T. Thomber~. 1988. AIDS knowledge and

attitudes for November 1987, Provisional data from

the National Health Interview Survey. Advance Data

From Wsl and Health Statistics, No. 151. DHHS

Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1250. Public Health Service.

Hyattaville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 152 ● April 14, 1988

Characteristics of Registered Nurses in NursingHomes

Preliminary Data From the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey

by Genevieve Strahan, Divis”mnof Health Care Statistics

Introduction

About 85 percent of the nursing homes in the United

States in 1985 provided nursing seMees to their residents.

According to data from a 1984 survey of registered nurses

(RN’s), an estimated 13 million RN’s worked as nurses in

the United States (Bureau of Health Professions, 1986).

Hospitals employed more than two-thirds of the RN& and

only about 7 percent were employed in nursing homes. Of

this relatively small number of RN’s in nursing homes, most

do not provide direct nursing care. More than 87 pereent of

all RN’s working full time in nursing homes are on the staff

of the homes as the head nurse, assistant head nurse,

director of nursing, or assistant director of nursing. These

high-level positions rarely provide an opportunity for dwect

patient care.

Data on characteristics of registered nurses wortig in

nursing homes were colkxted in the 1985 National Nursing

Home Survey (NNHS) and are presented in this report.

NNHS is a nationwide (excluding Alaska and Hawaii)

sample survey of nursing and related-are hom~ their

residents, their discharges, and their staff ecmducted periodically by the National Center for Health Statistics. The

1985 NNHS is the third in a series of periodic surveys and

was conducted from August 1985 through January 1986.

The first NNHS was conducted from August 1973 through

April 197% the second survey was conducted from May

through December 1977.

Six questionnaires were used to collect data in the 1985

survey. Data on characteristics of the facility were collected

on the Facility Questionnaire by interviewing the

administrator or a designee. With the permission of the

administrator, cost data were eolle.eted on the

self-administered Expense Questionnaire, returned by mail

from the facility’s accountant or bookkeeper. A reeent

financial statement, if available, was acceptable as a

replacement for the completed Expense Questionnaire.

Information to complete the Current Resident Questionnaire and Discharged Resident Questionnaire was obtained

by interviewing the staff person most familiar with the

medical records of the residents. Additional information

about the residents was obtained in a telephone interview

using the Next-of-Kin Questionnaire. In addition to data

collected on the Facility Questionnaire for all categories of

full-time and part-time employees, registered nurses, for

the first time in the series of National Nursing Home

Surv~ were asked to complete the self-administered

Nursing Staff Questionnaire.

On the Facility Questionnaire, the numbers of RN’s

and of other categories of employees were collected by

simply asking the administrator for the number of each type

of employee working full time or part time in the nursing

home. (FuII time was defined for the administrator as equal

to 35 hours or more per week.)

The names of RN’s asked to complete the Nursing

Staff Questionnaire were obtained from three separate lists

compiled for sample seleetion. List one included all registered nurses who were employed on the staff of the nursing

home. Lists two and three, respectively, contained alJ RN’s

scheduled to work on the day of the survey who were

retained through a special contractual relationship and

those employed through a temporary semice. The scdection

of up to four nurses from each sampled nursing home

yielded a sample of 3,439 RN’s. Questionnaires were completed by 2,763 of the sampled RN’s, for an 80-percent

response rate.

Data from the Nursing Staff Questionnaire presented

in this report may differ slightly from estimates from the

same questiomaire presented in later reports beeause of

further editing of the data. In addition, estimates presented

in this report should not be used interchangeably with

estimates of RN’s obtained from the Facility Questionnaire

beeause of major differences in survey procedures for the

two questiomaires. Because. all estimates are based on a

sample, they are subject to sampling errors. Information on

sampling variability is presented in the Technical notes.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Cuntrol
2 advancedata

Three other reports presenting preliminary estimates

from the 1985 NNHS have been published (National

Center for Health Statistics 1987% 1987b, and 1987c).

Demographic characteristics

The provision of nursing care in any setting has traditionally been a femaledominated field. This tradition is

reflected in the ratio of female to male RN’s working in

nursing homes in 1985. Only 2 percent of the more than

103,000 RN’s in nursing homes were males.

this care is USUdy in a setting other than a nursinghome or

hospital (Feldbaum and Feldbauq 1981; smith Jepson,

and Perloff, 1982).

More than two-thirds of all RN’s Worting in nursing

homes were married. Registered nurses who were never

married, divorced, or separated worked fr,dl time more

frequently than their married or widowed counterparts did.

More than one-half of all RN’s had no children living at

home. Of those who did, most had children of school age

(5-17 years of age), as shown in table A.

Black persons and persons of other minority groups Educational preparation made up a much smaller proportion of RNs working in

nursing homes than their overall representation in the Most RN’s were prepared in a diploma program to

population. About 90 percent of the RN’s in nursing homes work in their jobs. The highest nursing-related education of

were white non-Hispanics. This is about the same rate as in 56 percent of all RN’s working in nursing homes was a

hospitals (Jones et al., 1987). Studies show that black 3-year diploma program. Less than 3 percent of the RN’s

persons and persons of other minorities are more likely working in nursing homes had their master’s degree

than white non-Hispanics to serve the aged as a whole, but (table A).

Table A. Number and percent distribution of registered nurses working in nursing homes by selected employee characteristics,

according to employment stattis: United St8tes, 1985

Employment siWIs

All statuses Full-t/me SW PaWnre stet7 lem~~titim~ Unktmwn

Percent percent R3Cent Percent Percent

Ernpioy178ctaerectertstk Nwnber distrhtk?n Number Oistilbufkm Number dktdbutkm Number distnlvthm Number Olstributiorr

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age

Under 33years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35+yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4554 ye41m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55yeare endover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sex

Femakr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MaJe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race and eltmfclly

White, not Hkpanic . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, not Hispan!c . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic andother . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marilal status

Marrie d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Divorcad orseparated . . . . . . . . . .

wowed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M3vermarriad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hlghesl aducawonel prepardon

AsscdeIa degrw . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nursing diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’s degrw . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’s degrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notre~ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Years employed es registered nurse

Lessthe.n l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s9yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lo-14 yaets. . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lS19yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20yaars ormora . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age of children living at home

No children Ilving et home . . . . . . .

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-4yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

103,1W

23,3MI

26,4UI

27,600

25,890

101,003

2,100

91,600

4,700

6,700

70,500

15,700

6,100

10,300

23,000

.56,C410

18,700

2,700

●

4,500

6,200

6,000

14,603

18,200

15.500

42,5WJ

53,500

2,600

12,800

41,100

1Kr.o

226

25.6

26.8

25.0

86.0

2.0

66.8

4.6

6.5

66.4

15.2

5.9

10.0

223

56.3

Ie.1

2.6

●

4.4

6.0

5.8

14.2

17.7

15.0

41.2

51.9

2.5

12.5

39.9

60,600

14,000

15,600

17,200

14,000

59,300

1,400

52,100

3,400

5,200

36,600

11,300

3,000

7,600

13,600

23,200

11,9C0

1,300

●

3,100

4,000

3,WKJ

7,3m

10,100

9,400

25,900

33,000

1,700

6,200

22,800

100.0

23.1

25.7

28.4

23.1

97.9

23

66.0

5.6

8.6

63.7

18.6

5.0

12.4

22.6

54.8

19.6

2.1

●

5.1

6.6

1:;

16.7

15.6

42.7

54.5

2.6

10.2

37.8

34,600

7,800

6,500

8,600

9,e00

34,200

●

33,000

I,ooo

26,600

3,100

2,600

2,100

7,300

21 ,2W

5,300

*

1,400

1,700

1,600

5,eou

6,700

5,100

13,600

16,703

5,700

15,000

100.0

22.7

24.4

26.3

27.6

96.3

*

94.8

23

2.9

77.0

;:

6.0

21.0

60.9

15.2

26

*

4.0

4.9

4.6

17.0

19.3

*4.7

39.1

43.0

2.3

16.4

43.1

3,400

1,1;

*

1,100

3,200

●

2600

●

●

2,200

*

*

1,200

l,m

●

●

●

*

●

●

1,1;

1,700

*

+

1,500

100.0

●

324

32:

97.1

●

76,5

*

*

64.7

23.5

●

●

35.3

35.3

*

*

●

●

●

*

●

*

32.4

60.0

*

●

44.1

4,300

600

1,200

1,200

1,100

4,300

●

3,900

●

●

29@●

●

●

2,4;

●

●

*

&

600

*

1,900

2,200

&

1,700

1Oil.o

18.6

27.9

27.9

25.6

100.0

●

90.7

*

●

67.4

●

*

●

●

55.8

20.9

*

●

4.;

2.3

16.6

18.6

*

44.2

51.2

●

18.6

38.5

‘Therwnber o?contractortemp.xiry registeredmmas assham intHstable Inm urdercarnt bcwae of theway the d.de wre collected.

NO_iT Figures may ml add to totals becauss of rwrdmg.
acivancedata 3

Employment characteristics

Registered nurses worked in nursing homes under

three basic modes of employment-employed on the staff,

hired under special contract for a specified period of time,

or hired as a temporary worker (usually through an agency). It is believed that, because of the procedures used to

select the sample for these three categories of employment,

the number of contract and temporary registered nurses

may have been underestimated. This undercount could

have occurred in part because contract and temporary RN’s

are more likely than staff RN’s to work on weekends and

holidays. Sample selection for the survey did not permit

inclusion of nurses on these shifts. However, based on

estimates from the 1985 NNHS, 93 percent of all RN’s

working in nursing homes were staff members on the

facility’s regular payroll. More than 3 percent of the RN’s

were under contract or hired through a temporary agency,

and about 4 percent did not report employment status.

The full- or part-time employment status of RN’s on

the staff of nursing homes was related to the hierarchy of

the position they held. Head nurses and supervisors or

directors of nursing were much more likely to work full

time than staff or charge nurses were. Nearly 90 percent of

all head nurses, directors of nursin~ and their respective

assistants were employed full time. RN’s who had the title

of staff nurse worked more often part time than RN’s in

other groups did. Charge nurses worked about as often part

time as full time (table B).

The work schedules of registered nurses are almost

always divided into shifts-day, evenin~ and night. These

shifts can be zither rotating (the RN alternates working two

shifts or more during the work schedule) or nonrotating

(the RN normally works the same shift throughout the

work schedule). Eighty-six percent of the RN’s on staff

worked a nonrotating shift, and for more than 60 percent of

them, it was the day shift.

Table B. Number of registered nurses on the atsff of nursing

homes, percent distilbution by employment status, ●ccording to

type of position ●nd selected characterlstica: United States, 1985

Employment sfafus

TW of Postkm &

cheraofertstb T&al Full time Parf tlnw Unknobwr

All staff registered nurses . . .

Type of posttbn

Staff nurse . . . . . . . . . . . .

Charge nurse. . . . . . . . . . .

Head nurse or assistant . . . .

Supervisor or assktant. . . . .

Director of nursing or

assismrlt. . . . . . . . . . . .

O!trer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Madlanagetnyears . . . . . .

Average trours scheduled 10

work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Average hourty wage. . . . . .

99,700

100.0

I(x).o

100.0

103.0

100.0

lm.o

45

32.5

$10.28

6WO0 34,6m

Percent distribution

39.0

47.7

87.8

88.8

87.9

86.2

45

$%%s

58.8

49.0

10.8

28.9

6,9

18.8

ttem

46

20.5

$9s0

4,300

24

3.3

1.4

4.4

4.6

15.0

45

Table C. Number ●nd percent distribution of registered nurses

on the staff of nursing homes by selected employment

characteristics: United Std@S, 1985

Total

F?erMnt

Em@oj7nenf chsracterLsfic Number distribuhn

Tc4sI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,700 100.0

Employment status

Fulltlma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,600 60.8

Partth-ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,800 34.9

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,303 4.3

work schedule

Ro!at~shKt . . . . . . . . . . . 8,Si!i3 8.9

Nonrolatlng shift . . . . . . . . . 85,600 66.9

Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,400 53.6

Evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,900 17.0

NqM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,300 15.3

Unknown.. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,200 5.2

Years worked in facilily

Lassthan l year . . . . . . . . . 20,7(Y) 20.8

Iysar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,9W *4.9

2yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,600 8.6

24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,300 13.3

5yeersormore . . . . . . . . . 40,600 40.7

Unmown. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400 1.4

Years employed as regkiered

nwss

Lessthanl year. . . . . . . . . 4,5C0 4.5

l-2yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,200 5.9

3-4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,700 5.7

5-9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,100 14.1

10y3arsormora . . . . . . . . 69,5C4 89.7

Most RN’s on the staff of nursing homes had worked in

their occupation for 10 years or more, but 60 percent of

them had worked in their present jobs for less than 5 years

(table C).

The average number of hours per week worked by

full-time RN’s on the nursing home staff was 39.2, and the

average wage was $10.56 per hour. Staff RN’s working part

time worked an average 205 hours per week and earned

$9.50 per hour (table B).

Facility characteristics

Registered nurses can be decribed in terms of the

characteristics of the facility in which they work. Data on

facility characteristics such as type of ownership, certification, bed size, and location were wllected on the Facility

Questionnaire and matched to the file of RN’S. TOneutr~-

ize size of facility as a factor in assessing the number of

RN’s available for patient care, the number of RN’s per 100

beds was calculated for each facility characteristic. Table D

shows these rates. The overall rate for nursing homes was

63 RN’s per 100 beds.

The certification status of a nursing home as a skilled

nursing facility is determined by minimum standards set by

Federal regulations. States may set guidelines that are

stricter than standards set by Federal regulation, but they

may not set guidelines that are less strict if their federally

certified facilities are to retain certification. Individual

nursing homes are free to exceed State requirements.
4 advancedata

Table D. Number of registered nurses working in nursing homes

and rate of registered nurses per 100nrmsing home beds, by

selected faciiity characteristics: United States, 1985

Regbfered nwses

FaWfy chafectmstk Number per lLM beds

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,100 6.3

Ownership

Fropr’wuy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5S100 5.3

Voluntary nonprofit. . . . . . . . . . . 32,000 a6

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000 9.1

C+xttbaflon

Skllldnumbg facil~wy. . . . . . 25reoo 6.4

Skilled nursing faciity and

Interrnadlate care facility. . . . . . . . 55,900 7.7

Intennaalaf ecarefacthlyonly . . . . 14,aoo 3.6

Notcertiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,100 3.3

W Sfza

Fewer lhan So bars . . . . . . . . . . ?,eco 5.0

SOwrbads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,400 6.2

Iowleebads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,S00 6.1

W3bedsormore.. . . . . . . . . . . 26,200 7.7

Gaogrephicregbn

Noitheest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,600 6.6

NorthCentmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,300 6.6

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,100 3.7

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,100 7.3

Ptacaofresidence

MSA1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,500 7.0

NofMSA1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,600 5.0

fMetmrmliistetir4cel .xBe.

One Federal requirement forcertificationasskilk.d has

to do with the nursing staff of the facility. Skilled nursing

facilities (Medicare or Medicaid certified) must have a

fidl-time director of nursing who is a licensed nurse and 24-

hour coverage by a licensed nurse. Intermediate care facilities (Medicaid certified) are not required to meet this

criterion. The Federal regulation does not require that the

nurse be an RN. Licensed nursea also include a large

category of licensed practical and, in the State of Texas,

licensed vocational nurses.

Because States may exceed Federal requirements

some States will require that an RN be on staff, either as

the director of nursing or full time or part time in some

other position, especially in facilities that provide skilled

nursing care. Data from the 1985 NNHS show that nursing

homes certified as “skilled nursing facilities only” employed

8.4 RN’s per 100 beds; facilities providing intermediate

care oniy and uncertified facilities had a~rate less than

one-half as large (figure 1).

Fewer RN’s are employed per 100 beds in nursing

homes that are privately owned than in nonprofit or govemmen towned homes. Government and nonprofit homes had

rates of 9.1 and 8.6 RN’s per 100 beds, respectively, in

1985. Privately owned homes had 53 RN’s per 100 beds.

Analysis of this ratio by bed size and certification status did

not provide an explanation for the differences by

ownership.

Pmpriefary

.-m

-c

Voluntary

1

nonprofii

Government 9.1

,:,:.I

ti:.: 3.6

,:;.;:;

1234567 8910

Rafe of ragkferad nurses per 100 beds

Figu?a 1. Ratoof regMwad nursas Wortdng in nrdrrg homespar 100

nwaing home be~ by ownerafrb and certiffcatfom United States, 1965

A significantly smaller ratio of RN’s to beds was found

in the South than in any other region. The South also had a

smaller number of homes certified as skilled nursing facilities only. More RN’s worked in metropolitan areas than in

nonmetropolitan areas because mebopolitan areas have a

significantly higher concentration of beds in homes that

offer skilled care. Therefore, the ratio of RN’s to available

beds was zdso higher in metropolitan areas.

Summary

Registered nurses work more often in other types of

facilities or settings than in nursing homes. The typical RN

working in a nursing home in 1985 was femal% white, and

married. RN’s who work with the elderly tend to be older

than the average RN. RN’s on the staff of nursing hc~mesin

1985 had a median age of about 45 years, and the majority

had been working in their profession for 10 years or more.

Studies have shown that nursing students associate negative

stereotypes with caring for the elderly and that older health

personnel, regardless of their profession, are more likely

than their younger colleagues to view the elderly favorably

(Feldbaum and Feldbaum, 1981; Smith, Jepso]\ and

Perloff, 1982).

Because the positions held most often by RN’s who

work full time in nursing homes are head nurse or supervisor or director of nursing the actual hands-on care of the

elderly is usually not performed by the registered nurse.

That leaves the primary care of the elderly being provided

by licensed practical nurses, licensed vocational nurses, and

nurse’s aides.
advancedata 5

References

Bureauof HealthProfessions,E. Moses. 1986.1984TheRegistered

Nume Population. NTIS No. I-IRT 0906938. U.S. Department of

Health and Human SeMces, Health Resources and Services

Administration.Washington,D.C.

Feldbaum,E.G., and M.B. Feldbaum. 1981. Caringfor the elderlY Who dislikesit least?L Health Polit. Policy Luw 5(4):62-72.

Jones, D.C., Bonito, AJ., Gower, S.C., and Williams, RL. 1987.

AnaJysLs of the Environment for the Remitment and Retention of

Registered Nurses in Nursing Homes. Contract No. 240-86-0090.

Prepared for Bureau of Health Professions. Research Triangle

Park,N.C.: Research Triangle Institute.

National Center for Health Statistics, P. J. McCarthy. 1966.

Replication, an approach to the anaJysisof data tim complex

sutveys.VW and HeaZth Statistics. Series 2, No. 14. PHS Pub. No.

1000.PublicHealth Service.Washington:U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, P. J. McCarthy. 1969.

Pseudoreplication,further evaluation and application of the balanced half-sampletechnique. P7taland Health Statistics. Series 2,

No. 31. DHEW Pub. No. 1000. Health Services and Mental

Health Administration.Washingtorr U.S. Government Printing

Office.

NationalCenter for Health Statistics,G. Strahan.1987a.Nursing

home characteristic=Preliminarydata from the 1985 National

Nursing Home Suwey. Advance Data From Ktal and Health

Statistics. No. 131. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1250.Public Health

Service.Hyattsville,Md.

National Center for Health Statistics,E. Hing. 1987b. Use of

nursinghomes by the elderly Preliminarydata from the 1985

National Nursing Home Sunwy.Advance Data From Vztal and

HeaZth Statistics. No. 135. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-12S0.Public

HealthSewice. Hyattsville,Md.

NationalCenter for Health Statistics,E. Sekscenski.1987c. Discharges Iiom nursing homes: Preliminary data from the 1985

National Nursing Home Survey.Advance Data From Vital and

Health Statistics. No. 142. Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1250.Public Health

SeMce. Hyattsville,Md.

Smith,S.P.Jepson, V., and Perloff, E. 1982.Attitudes of nursing

care providers toward elderly patients.Nuising and Heaith Care

3(2)93-98.

. . .

. . .

.

0.0

z

*

#

Symbols

Data not available

Category not applicable

Quantity zero

Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

Quantity more than zero but less than

5C0 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision

Figure suppressed to comply with

conf~ential.hy requirements
6 advancedata

Technical notes

Because the statistics presented in this report are based

on a sample, they will differ somewhat from figures that

would have been obtained if a complete census had been

taken using the same schedules, instructions, and procedures. The standard error is primarily a measure of the

variability that occurs by chance because only a sample,

rather than the entire universe, is suweyed. The standard

error also reflects part of the measurement error, but it

does not measure any systematic biases in the data. The

chances are about 95 out of 100 that an estimate from the

sample differs from the value that would be obtained from

a complete census by less than twice the standard error.

The standard errors used in this report were approximated using the balanced repeated-replication procedure.

This method yields overall variability through observation

of variability among random subsamples of the total sample. A description of the development and evaluation of the

replication technique for error estimation has been published (National Center for Health Statisti~ 1966 and

1969).

Although exact standard error estimates were used in

tests of significance for this report, it is impractical to

present exact estimates of standard errors for all statistics

used in this report. Hence, a generalized variance function

was produced for aggregate registered nurse estimates by

fitting the data presented in this report into a curve

NOTE A list of references follows the text.

using the empirically determined relationship befiween the

size of an estimate X and its relative variance (rel var X)

(figure I). This relationship is expressed w

S2

relvar X=~= a+-! X-2x

where a and b are regression estimates determinfti by an

iterative procedure. Preliminmy estimates of standard

errors for the percents of the estimated number of

residents are presented in table 1.

The Z-test with a 0.05 level of significance was used to

test all compa”sons mentioned in this report. Not all

observed differences were tested, so lack of comment in the

text does not mean that the difference was not statistically

significtit.

Table L Standard errors of percents for registered nurses

working in nursing homes

Bess of pertxnt Ior 5 or 70or 20 or 40 or

(registerednumes) 99 95 SW M 60 50

Standard error in peresntage points

800 . . . . . . . . . . 2.93 6.42 8.64 11.79 14.44 14.73

2.62 5.74 7.91 10.54 12.91

l%:::::::::

13.18

1.51 3.32 4.57 6.09 7.4!j 7.61

5,000 . . . . . . . . . 1.17 2.57 3.54 4.71 5.T7 5.89

Io,ooo . . . . . . . . 0.63 1.82 2.60 3.33 4.0(3 4.17

20,000 . . . . . . . . 0.59 1.28 1.77 2.36 2.69 295

40,0C0 . . . . . . . . 0.44 0.91 1.25 1.67 2.04 2.06

60@oo... . . . . . 0.29 O.w 0.66 1.18 1.44 1.47

103,000 . . . . . . . 0.26 0.s7 o.7a 1.04 1.27 1.30
.-

c

100

%

70

60

50

40

30

20

5

4

3

2

1

09

oft

07

0.6

05

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456769A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456789A

w I*UXI Io,ooo mo,mo 1,000,WJ 10,OW

Sizeofesfitnaleofregkterdnurses

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

;.9

0.:

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

I,oflo

Rgur.1, Ffefaffwmmdmf ●om fw ostimtdnumbw of r@9tmcf nuroa8 working in numhg Imnow Untied State% 1985
8 advancedata

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, G. Strahan.

19S8. Characteristics of registered nurses in nursing

homes, Preliminary data from the 19S5 National

Nursing Home Survey. Advance Data From Vi/ and

Heaktr Statistics. No. 152. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

8S-1250. Public Health Servke. Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statist+= Number 153 ● May 16, 1988

AIDS KnowledgeandAttitudesforDecember1987

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D. and Owen T. Thornberry, Ph.D., Division of Health interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has introduced in the National Hcahh Interview Survey (NHIS) a

special set of supplemental questions on the adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about aquircd immunodeficicney syndrome (AIDS). This report presents provisional

findings for Dcccmber, the fifth month of data collection

with the AIDS questionnaire. Data for August, September,

October, and November 1987 have been published in Adiwnce Data From Vital and Health Statistics Nos. 146, 148,

150, and 151.

The Adwmce Dafa reports describing the NHIS AIDS

r3ata have been restricted to simple descriptive statistics in

order to permit their timely release. Thus, these reports do

not attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS knowledge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes,

and pcrccivcd risk. The AIDS data base will permit more

complex analyses than those presented in this series of

Adtwnce Da(a reports, and such analyses currently are

being undertaken by various groups in the Public Health

!%rvice.

The AIDS questionnaire was designed to provide baseline estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about

AIDS transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection

and to measure changes in knowledge anrJ attitudes over

time. The data also were needed as input for the planning

and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for

evaluation of major educational efforts.

The AIDS questionnaire was devclopecf by the NationaI Center for Health Statistics and interagency working

groups established by the Information, Education and Risk

Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The working groups

included representatives from the Centers for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the Alcohol, Drug

Abuse and Mental Health Administration; and the Health

Resources and Services Administration.

The questionnaire includes items on scIf-assessment of

knowledge about AIDS; sources of information about

AIDS; knowledge about AIDS and AIDS-related risk factors, modes of transmission, and blood tests for the AIDS

virus plans to take such a test; recent experience with

blood donation; self-assessment of chances of getting

AIDS; personal knowledge of people with .41DS or the

AIDS virus; and finally, willingness of respondents to take

part in a proposed national seroprevalencc study.

Deccmbcr 1987 was the last month in which AIDS data

were collected using the quest ionnaire described in this

report. In May 1988, a new AIDS questionnaire will be

incIuded in the National Health Interview Survey. This

revised questionnaire wilI modify some of the questions on

sources of AIDS information, blood donation history, and

blood testing and will include items designed to measure

the impact of educational campaigns.

This report presents provisional data for December

1987 for all AIDS questionnaire items. Table 1 displays

pcrccnt distributions of persons 18 years of age and over by

response categories according to age, sex, race, and education. In most cases, the actual question asked of the rcsponclcnt is reproduced verbatim in table 1, along wilh (11c

response categories. In a few cases, questions or response

categories have been rephrased or combined. Refusals and

other nonresponses are excluded from the denominators in

calculating estimates, but responses of “don’t know” are

included.

Selected findings

The following highlights deseribe various aspects of

changes in AIDS knowIedge and attitudes as observed in

the August through December data from the NHIS AIDS

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . Public Health Service . Centers for Disease Control
2 advanc@ata

September

m

October :::&$,: ,

0

.Ww;v November .+.%+: December +x+.......

AIDS leads to death

There is no cure for

AIDS at present ! .. .. .. . . . ...’.... . . .

.... .... A.,.,,.,.,..”.......

Any persons with AIDS

can pass it on to

someone else during

sexual intercourse

A pregnant woman who ,. ti., ,. ...-”,...

has the AIDS virus can

give lt to her baby

AIDS can cripple the

bodv’s natural rxotection

agalnkt disease

A person can be infected

with the AIDS virus and

not have the disease AIDS

. .. . ...-.-.” “. .-

5%5

,,, ..,, 54

55

AIDS is a diseaes

caused by ● virus

~?{

1 ! 1 t 1 I

o 20 40 60 80

Percent

100

SOURCE National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistic% National Health Interview Survey.

Fiaure 1. Estimated percent of adults 18 years of age and over who think selected statements about AIDS are definitely true: United States,

A;gust-December 1987

survey. Unless otherwise noted, all differences cited in the

text are statistically significant.

Awareness ofAIDS—More than 99 percent of the adult

population has heard of AIDS, and three-quarters of all

adults last saw, heard, or read something about AIDS in

the 3 days preceding the NHIS interview. These figures did

not change between August and December 1987.

Se~-perceived kwledge-The overall level of selfpcrceived knowledge about AIDS changed little between

August and December. In December, 22 percent of all

adults stated that they know a lot about AIDS, 40 percent

stated that they know some, 27 percent felt they know a

little, and 11 percent claimed to know nothing about AIDS.

The racial difference in self-perceived AIDS knowledge has

increased over time. In August, 20 percent of white adults

stated that they know a lot about AIDS, compared to 18

percent of black adults. In December, the respective proportions were 23 percent and 14 percent. The proportions

of aduhs who reported knowing little or nothing about

AIDS were 39 percent for white adults and 49 percent for

black adults in August; in December, the mmparable

proportions were 35 and 51 percent, respectively.

General knowledge–Following increases in a number

of measures of general AIDS knowledge between August

and September 1987 (figure l), there were few changes

during the remainder of the year. However, survey results

indicated continuous improvement in knowledge of how [he

AIDS virus is transmitted. The proportion of adults who

thought it definitely true that the AIDS virus can be

transmitted through sexual intercourse increased from 75

percent in August to 82 percent in December; for perinatal

transmission, the increase was from 69 to 77 pcrccnt.

Awareness of the possibility of AIDS virus transmission via

shared needles for intravenous drug use was even more

widespread, 93 percent, but did not increase over time.

In December, 92 percent of adults stated that it is clcfinitely true that AIDS leads to death, and 86 percent

thought it definitely true that there is no cure for AIDS at

present. About three-fourths (72 percent ) lhought it definitely true that AIDS can cripple the immune system, and

the same proportion realized that it is definitely false that

an AIDS vaccine is available to the public. Seventy percent

thought it definitely false that YOUcan tell if people, have

AIDS just by looking at them. Only about half of all adults

thought it definitely true that AIDS is caused by a virus (47

percent) and that a person can be infected with the AIDS

virus without having the disease AIDS (55 percent).

Transmission of the AIDS ~’ims—Although the 1987

NHIS AIDS survey revealed widespread misinformation

about the risk of AIDS virus transmission through casual

contact, knowledge in this area improved continuously

between August and December. Figure 2 shows the percents
advancedata 3

- vmy”lluicely

Living near a hospital or home for AIDS patients

-;Z” a‘ k :41%7.+~’.”

Shaking hands with or touching someone who has AIDS

Working near someone with AIDS

Attendkrg school with a chIid who hss AIDS

Donating or glvlng blood

\

! t I I 1

D 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

~ Definitely not possibie

August

September

October

November

December

Au@st

September

October

November

December

August

September

October

November

December

August

September

October

Novembor

December

August

Scplember

October

November

December

Using pubtic toilets

m

.,3,

16”:

..18, <

Eating in a restaurant where the cook has AIDS

B

11.

11.

“’ ,14

16

‘“16-’

Being coughed or sneezed on by someone

who has AIDS

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses with someone

who has AIDS

IllB+3”

10“

11”.

.’ 14-%

.~ij ~

Kissing with sxchange of saliva a person

I who has A[DS

Illh2

2

3

4

. .

5

1 I 1 I 1 I

o 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE National Center for Health StatMics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Health Intarview Survey.

Figure 2. Estimated percent of adults 18 years of age and over considering it very unlikely or definitely not possible to transmit the AIDS

virus in selected ways: United States, August-December 1987
4 advancedata

of adults who thought it very unlikely or definitely not

possible to transmit the AIDS virus by means of various

acti~’ities.For each activity shown, the percent of individuals

stating that the activity could not possibly lead to AIDS

virus transmission increased over time, with no reduction in

the percent of adults thinking it very urdikely that the

activity could transmit the virus.

The percent of adults who thought it definitely not

possible to get AIDS or the AIDS virus from living near a

hospital or home for AIDS patients increased from 33

percent in August to 45 percent in December. Changes of

similar magnitude were observed for some of the other

activities: shaking hands with or touching someone with

AIDS (up from 22 to 34 percent), working near someone

with AIDS (from 18 to 31 percent), and attending school

with a child who has AIDS (from 20 to 31 percent). Despite

this trend, the NHIS AIDS data show that as of December

1987, almost two-thirds of the adults in the United States

still thought that a person is very or somewhat likely to get

the AIDS virus by receiving a blood transfusion (66 percent ) or by kissing with exchange of saliva someone with

AIDS (63 percent). People were most uncertain about

AIDS virus transmission via animals and insects. In December, 20 percent of adults did not know if the AIDS virus

can be transmitted by mosquitoes or other insects, and 22

percent did not know if pets or other animals can spread

the virus.

Blood test for the AIDS vbus—By December 1987, 73

percent of U.S. adults had heard of a blood test for

infection with the AIDS virus, but 40 percent—over half of

those who knew about the test—mistakenly stated that the

blood test results tell whether a person has the disease

AIDS. There was little change between August and December in any of these measures. The proportion of adults

who reaIized that a positive blood test means that a person

can spread the AIDS virus through sexual intercourse rose

from 59 percent in August to 63 percent in September and

remained at that level for the rest of the year.

Throughout the period from August to December

1987,7-8 percent of U.S. adults reported that they had ever

had their blood tested for the AIDS virus, including 2-3

percent who had the blood test as a routine part of blood

donation or transfusion. An additional 7-8 percent of adults

said that they had thought about having the AIDS virus

blood test, and 3-5 percent reported plans to be tested

within 12 months of being interviewed.

Rirk of get~ingAIDS–As of December 1987, only 9

percent of the adults in the United States felt that there was

a high chance of someone they know getting the AIDS

virus. Sixteen percent said there was a medium chance, 36

percent a low chance, and 26 percent felt that there was no

chance that someone they know would become infect ed

with the AIDS virus. They assessed their own chances of

becoming infected with the AIDS virus as even lower. In

December, 62 percent of adults stated that there was no

chance of their getting the AIDS virus, and 29 percent said

that the chances were low. The proportions who assessed

their chances of getting the AIDS virus as medium or high

were 3 and 1 percent, respectively. As of December, 7

percent of the adults in the United States reported having

personally known someone with the AIDS virus, and 7

percent stated that they have known someone with the

disease AIDS.

MDS prevention —There was virtually no change behveen August and December 1987 in the proportions of

adults who considered various methods effective in preventing transmission of the AIDS virus. In Decemlber, 91

percent of all adults thought that celibacy is very effective in

preventing AIDS virus transmission, and 86 percent considered it very effective to maintain a monogamous relationship with a person who does not have AIDS. Thirty-six

percent of adults felt that using a condom is very effective in

preventing transmission of the AIDS virus; 47 percent

considered this method somewhat effective.

AIDS discussion, education, and information —In

December 1987, two-thirds of U.S. adults reported that

they had discussed AIDS with friends or relatives at some

time. In August, 37 percent said that they had last discussed

AIDS within the 7 days before being interviewed; by

December, this proportion had declined to 29 percent. As

of December, 62 percent of the adults with children

between the ages of 10 and 17 stated that they hacl talked

with their children about AIDS. Fifty-one percent reported

that their children 10-17 years of age had receivecl AIDS

instruction at school, up from 36 percent in August.

Adults reported in December that their main source of

AIDS information is television (59 percent), followed by

newspapers (18 percent). If they wanted more specific

AIDS information, the majority of adults (60 percent) said

that they would go to a doctor, clinic, or HMO. Almost

one-fifth (18 percent) of adults stated that they wound go to

a public health department for more detailed information

about AIDS, and 12 percent listed a library as their

preferred source.
advancedaia 5

Table 1. provisional estimates of the Percent of Persons 18 Years of a9e and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

I g87 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, December 1987

ioaia are based on household inlervkzws of the cfwhan nonlnstituhonalizad populafiin. The Sutvey CIeSIgn,generet qualifications. and Inforrnatbn on the rehabilfty of

the estimates are grven in technical notes]

Age Sex Race Educahon

18-29 30-49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or afflfude Total years years and over Male Female Whlfe Black 12 yckirs 12 years 12 years

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-- . . . . . . . . . ..l~

1.

2.

3a.

3b.

30.

3d.

3e.

3f.

4a,

4b.

Have you ever heard of AIDS? When was the lest time you saw

heard, or read something about AIDS?

O-3 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-14days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NeverheardofAIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compsredtomost paople, howm~h wouldyousayyou know

aboul AIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSrsadLseese causadbya$mus.

Definilelywua.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytn.ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can cripple the body’s natural protectbn against dsease.

Deflnitelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don?know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS Lsespecially common in older people.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probsblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The AIDS virus can damage lhe brain.

Defmltelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnflalyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkn@# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS usually leads to haati dtsaase.

Defintlelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSkradstodesfh.

Deflnttelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wheredoyougetmost ofyourinformation aboutAIDS#

Televisbn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rad6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relatlvesandfrkmds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/fliers/pemphlets..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DcxXor/HMO/clink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofthesourcesyou }ustloldme,from whlchonedoyou getthe

most informatsm?

Televlsiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/fliers/pemphlets..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO/cllnic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* fodrdes at end of tsble.

72

15

4

4

2

2

22

40

27

11

0

47

Z7

4

5

16

72

18

1

3

8

0

1

18

73

e

26

32

8

7

27

2

18

14

38

82

7

0

0

1

64

55

28

10

9

9

6

16

0

59

‘f8

8

2

3

10

1

I&)

64

19

6

6

4

2

22

46

28

4

57

28

4

4

8

77

17

1

1

5

0

4

71

7

22

33

9

z

2

19

16

36

93

6

0

0

1

85

42

26

9

12

10

7

21

0

63

11

8

2

4

12

0

73

15

3

5

2

1

28

43

23

5

0

54

26

3

5

11

79

15

1

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5

0

1

1?

n

5

27

31

9

8

25

7

22

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6

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62

58

31

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10

10

9

19

0

55

17

9

2

4

12

1

100

78

13

2

2

1

3

15

33

30

22

33

26

6

7

28

60

23

1

1

14

1

1

18

70

11

27

32

6

4

31

2:

13

9

47

69

8

0

0

3

65

63

24

9

6

6

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62

23

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100

75

14

4

3

2

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36

28

12

0

51

26

4

4

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73

18

1

1

7

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72

8

27

32

8

8

25

7

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92

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59

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100

70

17

3

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42

26

10

44

27

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6

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71

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74

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32

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63

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74

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92

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56

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58

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27

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39

93

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87

53

26

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16

;

3

8

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76

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1
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, December 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civilian noninstiiutlcnalizad population. The survey design, general quslifkalions, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are given in technksl notes]

Age sex Race Education

18-29 30-49 50 years f-ass thefr More than

AIDS knowledge or affifude Total years years end over Male Female Whife Black 12 yeits 12 years 12 years

5a.

5b.

6a.

6b.

6C.

ed.

Oe.

6t.

7.

7a

7b.

If you wanted more specific Informatbn about AfDS, where

would you get If?z

Docfor/HMO/clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS hotllne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Which one source wouid you Most likely use?

Doclor/HMO/clinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pubiktrealth department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Library.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDShotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A person can be fnfected wtlh the AIDS virus and not haVe the

diseasa AIDS.

Defmifelylme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfetse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

You can tall ft people have the AIDS virus just by looking at

them.

Deflnilelytnse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Any person wlfh the AIDS virus can paas il on to Someone else

during sexual intercourse.

DefiniielYtNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apregnanlwoman whohastheAfDS vkuscangfveAIDS to

her baby.

Defmfelytn.w. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitalyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There is a vaccine available 10 the public that prOleCfS a person

from gefflngtheAIDS virus.

Dermiielytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thereisnocure forAIDSatpresent.

Defmileiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmfielyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howhkefydoyou think ftisthataperson wlllgettheAIDS virus

from–

ReceivirrgaW30d transfusbn?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlii(ely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmtelynotpossibie. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donatmgorgivlng blood?

60

18

12

9

27

11

48

13

7

6

14

11

55

24

3

4

13

82

14

1

1

3

77

17

0

0

5

:

10

72

14

66

8

1

2

4

X3

30

12

19

2

4

Vefyhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

VeWunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Defmifelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Seefmrnoms a!erdoftable.

63

18

14

12

32

7

48

11

9

8

16

7

56

22

5

7

9

1

4

17

74

4

85

12

0

1

1

79

17

0

0

3

2

3

9

74

11

66

7

1

3

3

32

30

13

20

2

3

9

15

;

25

4

59

21

13

10

28

8

47

15

8

8

15

8

62

23

3

;

1

3

14

75

6

63

14

1

0

2

79

17

0

0

4

:

10

77

10

88

7

1

1

3

30

31

14

21

1

3

7

12

11

37

2e

4

56

17

7

5

m

17

50

12

4

4

12

17

45

27

4

z

1

:

15

76

16

1

0

5

74

la

o

0

6

:

12

64

21

63

9

1

1

6

37

30

10

15

2

7

9

14

Q!

27

10

Percent distrfbutIonl

59

19

11

6

26

11

46

13

7

6

14

12

55

24

4

5

13

:

16

7~

8

79

16

1

1

3

74

19

0

0

6

1

3

10

74

12

66

8

:

4

30

29

13

22

1

4

9

13

12

35

25

6

60

18

12

9

27

10

49

12

7

7

14

10

55

24

3

3

14

2

4

17

70

8

64

12

1

0

3

Sa

16

:

4

:

10

70

16

66

8

1

1

4

35

31

12

16

2

4

6

14

:2

29

6

59

18

12

9

26

11

49

13

7

6

14

11

56

24

3

4

12

:

16

72

8

62

14

1

1

3

77

18

0

0

5

;

10

75

12

87

8

1

1

3

31

31

13

20

2

3

7

13

12

35

29

5

67

21

8

12

25

10

51

15

4

8

12

10

43

24

5

6

21

3

5

16

63

14

62

12

1

1

4

78

15

0

1

6

3

7

12

~

62

7

1

2

7

44

33

6

7

1

9

17

22

12

24

13

12

5a

16

5

5

20

20

51

11

3

4

11

20

36

26

4

5

29

2

5

16

57

18

78

15

0

1

7

73

17

0

0

10

2

5

12

53

28

77

10

;

9

42

29

6

9

2

11

15

19

11

23

18

15

63

18

12

9

23

10

51

12

7

6

12

11

54

27

3

5

12

1

4

;

7

63

14

1

1

2

77

17

0

0

5

1

3

12

71

14

86

6

1

2

3

35

32

11

16

1

3

6

14

13

34

26

5

58

20

14

10

33

5

45

14

9

7

19

6

66

20

4

2

6

:

14

78

4

62

14

1

1

2

79

18

0

0

2

1

2

8

83

6

80

6

1

1

2

24

29

17

27

2

1

5

10

12

38

33

2
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional e$timates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, December 1987—Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the civiiin nonlnsfiiutiinaiized pOpUlafiin. The survey design, general quahhcettons, and information on the reliab[hty of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sex Race Educalmn

18-29 30-49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or afftiuda Total yeats years and over Male Female Write Bleck 12 yams 12 years 72 years

7C.

7d.

7e.

7f.

7g.

7h.

71.

7j.

7k.

71.

LfWng near a hospiial or home for AIDS pefiinls?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

$omewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Defmtlely nolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Working near someone with AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhat fiiely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Somewhalunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Ve~unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Defmifelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Eallnginareslaurant wherethecookhas AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Defmitelynolposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Kssing–wtth exchange of sefiia-a person who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

.%mewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Veryunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Definttelynotposslbfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Shaking hands with or touching someone wtso has AIDS?

Veryhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhatunlikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Vetyunfikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Definifetynolpossibfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses with someone whohasAIDS?

VerYlikeIY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Some’+matllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Somawhatunhkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunhkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Definifelynotposalble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Using publlc toilets?

Veryhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Defmitelynolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Sharing needles for drug use with someone who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Somewhatiikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

.%mewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

DefnMelynotpoSible. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’fknc+v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Kisslngonthecheek apersonwhohas AIDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhatlikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Defmttelynot~ssible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

f3eing coughed or sneezed on by someone who has AIDS?

Vefylikely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Defmltelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1

5

8

37

46

4

2

13

12

34

34

3

8

24

16

26

18

9

25

35

13

13

6

8

;

15

37

37

3

10

28

15

24

17

6

4

21

15

28

25

8

95

4

0

0

0

1

2

10

17

35

33

3

5

26

17

28

17

8

1

3

8

36

46

4

3

12

14

36

30

5

7

21

16

31

16

9

27

35

13

12

5

8

1

6

15

42

33

4

11

27

14

26

14

8

6

15

15

34

23

7

94

4

0

0

0

1

2

9

16

37

31

5

8

22

19

28

15

8

1

4

9

33

43

11

3

14

11

31

29

12

10

23

11

23

2

32

34

7

8

4

15

2

8

13

35

32

11

11

29

13

19

74

14

8

20

11

26

19

16

91

6

0

0

3

3

11

14

34

26

11

12

25

13

21

12

16

Percent dlstributioni

i

4

9

36

42

6

3

13

13

35

2a

7

8

24

14

26

15

12

27

35

11

11

5

10

1

8

16

36

32

5

:

15

23

14

9

6

19

14

30

22

9

93

5

0

0

0

1

3

11

16

35

27

7

6

24

17

27

14

11

1

3

8

34

47

6

3

13

12

33

32

7

8

20

14

27

17

13

29

34

11

11

5

11

2

6

13

36

36

6

Y

13

23

16

10

7

18

13

29

22

11

93

5

0

0

0

2

2

9

15

36

32

7

9

24

16

.25

15

11

1

3

7

37

47

5

2

13

2

31

6

7

21

15

26

17

12

27

35

12

12

5

10

1

6

14

39

35

5

10

27

14

24

15

9

5

17

14

31

23

10

94

5

0

0

0

1

2

9

15

37

30

6

8

23

17

27

15

10

2

7

12

35

32

11

5

15

13

29

28

10

13

25

12

19

14

17

39

Xl

8

7

5

11

3

10

14

36

30

8

17

31

11

16

14

11

12

25

12

20

18

13

ao

6

0

0

3

4

16

15

28

25

11

13

28

15

17

13

14

2

5

9

31

35

17

4

15

10

27

27

16

12

24

10

19

E

34

29

6

9

5

18

4

10

12

32

28

14

14

29

10

17

13

17

12

23

10

18

17

20

6a

7

0

0

0

5

6

13

13

29

24

15

14

25

12

17

12

21

1

4

8

37

45

5

3

15

12

33

32

6

9

24

14

24

17

12

30

35

11

9

6

10

1

7

15

37

35

5

12

28

13

22

15

10

7

20

14

27

21

10

94

5

0

0

0

1

2

12

15

35

29

6

9

26

16

23

16

10

1

2

8

37

50

2

2

11

14

39

31

3

5

20

17

34

17

6

22

38

14

14

4

7

1

5

14

42

36

2

7

26

17

29

16

8

6

21

13

2a

21

10

94

4

0

0

1

4

7

16

34

33

6

7

24

15

24

17

12

3eefodrmtosat erdoftsble.
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristic= United States, December 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the chdllan nonmstItufiinallzect populahon. The survey design, general qUMfiCZItiOtIS, and information on the reiiibility of

the est!males are gwen in techmcal notas]

Age Sex Race Education

18-29 3&49 .50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or affifude Total years years and over Male Female White Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

7m. Atfendlng school wifh a child who has AIDS?

Very likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somawtiaf likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Very unhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Defmtelyn otposslbla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7n. Mosquitoes orothar insects?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Somewhatlikaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Somewhat unltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Defmitalynotpoeeibla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don”t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

70. Pets orammals?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Somewhatunlikaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryuniikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Defmflelynotpoesible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7p. Having sexwith apereonwho has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Somewhallikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Veryunl!kely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Defmrielynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

8. Haveyoueverheard ofablmdtestfor Infectionwiththe

AIDS wrus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

9. Does thkilesl tell whether aparson hasthedisaese AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Neverheardofteat(no/donllmow toq. 8).. . . . . . . . . . 27

10. lfapereon hasapositive blwdtesl forlnfecfion wifhthe AlDS

virus, does thfa mean that they can give someone else the AIDS

virus through sexual intercourse?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Nevarheardoflest(no/don’tknowlo q.8) . . . . . . . . . . . 27

11. Haveyou everhad your blood @5tadforl nfectiinw iththeAKIS

virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Yas, lnblooddonatkwVtransfuslon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Don’! know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Neverheardoftest(no/don’tknow toq.E) . . . . . . . . . . . 27

12a Have youevarthought about havmgthis bloodiest?

Alreadyhadtesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Never heard oftest(no/don’t knowtoq.8) . . . . . . . . . . . 28

12b. Do you pian to be Iested In Iha next 12 months?

Alreadyhadtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Never freard of lest or thought about having test (no/don’t

knowtoq. 8orq. 12a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Saafootnotasat etioftable.

1

8

14

36

37

4

9

26

12

21

17

15

1

10

12

29

28

19

95

4

0

0

0

0

78

20

2

43

26

9

22

70

3

5

22

7

3

67

1

22

11

14

53

22

11

6

5

3

75

2

8

Is

41

29

6

8

23

12

24

16

t8

2

7

9

31

32

19

95

4

0

0

0

1

81

17

2

43

29

9

19

71

5

6

19

6

4

70

2

19

10

12

59

19

10

4

6

2

78

3

9

11

33

30

14

9

23

8

16

18

27

2

9

8

24

27

M

92

5

0

0

3

59

36

5

34

15

10

41

49

2

7

41

2

1

53

2

41

3

4

51

42

3

1

2

1

93

Percent distribution

2

8

14

38

30

8

10

25

11

22

16

18

2

10

10

31

26

20

93

6

0

0

0

1

73

24

3

36

25

9

27

63

4

2;

6

3

62

2

27

9

10

53

27

9

4

5

2

81

2

8

13

36

33

9

2:

10

19

17

23

2

8

9

26

32

24

95

3

0

0

0

1

73

24

3

41

22

10

27

63

3

6

27

4

3

64

1

27

7

10

56

28

7

3

5

2

84

2

7

13

36

32

7

8

24

10

22

17

19

1

8

10

29

31

21

94

4

0

0

0

1

75

22

3

40

25

10

25

65

3

6

25

5

3

w

2

25

8

10

56

25

8

3

5

2

63

3

11

15

30

28

13

12

25

11

14

13

26

5

13

10

21

21

31

93

4

0

0

0

3

56

3a

4

37

12

9

42

49

3

5

42

9

1

46

1

42

11

13

34

43

11

8

2

2

77

3

11

12

28

26

20

13

25

7

13

13

29

4

12

7

21

24

32

91

4

0

0

4

49

47

5

32

7

9

51

41

2

6

51

3

1

43

2

51

4

7

36

52

4

4

2

1

90

2

9

14

35

33

7

9

28

10

78

16

19

2

10

10

27

29

22

95

4

0

0

0

1

74

23

3

43

20

11

26

63

3

7

26

5

2

65

1

26

8

10

56

26

6

3

4

2

82

3

9

11

35

34

8

9

23

10

16

18

24

2

8

8

26

29

27

96

3

0

1

75

20

5

43

21

11

25

65

3

7

25

6

3

64

2

25

9

13

53

25

9

5

5

3

78
advancedaia 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persona 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United Statea, December 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the chrllian nonlns!ltufiorralized populatbn. The survey design, general quatiitcabons, and information on the reliablltly of

lhe estimates are gwen In technkal notes]

Age sex Race .Educabr

18-m 30-49 60 Y&?lS Less than

AIDS knowledge orafftludo

More than

Tofal years years and over Male Female Whlfe Black 72 years 12 yearz 12 years

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

19a

Where would you go 10 have a blood test for the AIDS virus

infectk3n?3

NowilereAvouldn’t takelest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSclinio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omerchnio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Red Cross/blood bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wtrere would you go to find out where 10 have thts blood

tes!?z’

AIDShotlme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSclinks, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherchnk, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publwheallhdepartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nowhere/wouldn’ltaketesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you donated blood since 1%5?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever personetly known anyone who had the blood

test for the AIDS virus infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are the chances of someone you know getting the AfDS

Virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Me~um. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are your chances of geffhg the AIDS virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Here are methods some people use to prevent getting the AIDS

virus through sexual activiiy. How effechve is—

Uslngadlaphragm?

0

3

31

45

2

12

7

11

3

4

27

2

15

13

26

13

87

0

15

84

2

9

16

38

26

0

13

1

3

29

62

0

4

Veryeffedve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffecltve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I:

NoIaIalleffeohve, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Don’tknowhoweffecfive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Dor(tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

19b. Using a condom?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Somewhateffecftve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Notatalleffeclive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’fknowhowaffecWe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Don’tknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

19c. Using aspermicidaljelly, foam, orcream?

Veryeffectiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhaleffecttie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Notatalleffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w

Don’timowhoweffeohve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

19d. Being cellbale, lhatis, nolhavingsex af all?

Veryeffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Somewhateftectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Nolalalleffeclive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Don’fknowhoweffecftve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Dorftknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

See fcdnoles at erd of table.

1

3

38

38

3

11

10

5

34

3

8

16

34

19

81

19

80

1

11

21

40

19

0

8’

1

4

36

55

0

4

3

12

58

20

7

41

47

5

7

1

3

15

58

18

6

91

5

:

1

4

25

50

2

14

4

31

10

29

21

5

5

16

84

0

16

81

2

12

17

39

22

0

10

1

4

33

59

0

3

2

10

67

17

4

37

50

6

6

1

2

E

17

4

84

3

:

0

2

33

50

7

9

21

32

15

32

5

95

8

80

2

4

11

30

38

0

19

0

3

20

72

0

5

2

12

46

32

9

30

45

7

16

4

1

11

47

32

9

88

5

1

4

1

Percent dktributbnf

4

32

40

2

11

10

10

4

32

2

20

6

26

16

84

0

14

85

2

8

E

23

0

13

1

4

31

60

0

4

3

11

58

24

7

37

47

5

9

1

2

14

55

23

6

91

4

:

0

:

29

49

2

13

5

14

7

3

19

7

25

25

10

90

0

16

83

2

10

14

35

29

0

12

1

3

28

63

0

4

2

12

68

22

6

34

47

7

10

2

1

14

57

22

6

91

4

~

3

1

0

4

29

46

2

11

7

14

3

2

29

2

17

6

28

13

87

0

15

83

2

9

16

39

25

0

11

1

3

30

82

0

3

2

11

80

22

5

37

46

5

9

2

1

14

58

22

5

92

4

1

3

1

35

42

1

16

6

17

22

10

29

22

10

80

11

88

2

12

E

28

0

22

2

4

21

65

8

5

13

44

26

12

32

41

10

14

4

3

13

46

27

11

89

5

1

3

1

3

38

30

20

9

13

19

19

49

5

95

5

93

2

6

14

23

34

0

23

1

4

18

69

0

9

3

11

37

35

15

26

39

8

19

6

2

8

43

34

12

84

5

1

7

3

3

29

51

3

6

7

7

34

18

14

27

12

88

0

13

85

1

9

$

27

0

12

1

3

28

65

0

4

2

12

57

23

5

35

48

6

9

1

2

14

55

23

5

92

4

:

1

8

34

41

13

5

20

10

099

X

40

18

82

0

15

84

2

9

16

33

27

0

13

1

4

30

59

0

7

2

9

59

20

11

34

47

6

9

4

4

11

57

20

8

89

4

;

2
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, December 1987–Con.

[Data are based on household Intetwaws of he civilian noninstttutionalized populatkm The surveydesign,general qUaliICatkMS, and infOrMafiin on the reliability of

the estimates are g~en in technical notes]

Age sex Race Education

18.3 3@49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or affiiude Total years years and over Male Female Whife Black 12 years 72 years 72 years

18s, Two people who do not have the AIDS VKUShaving a

20.

21.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

28

completely monogamous relatmsMp, thaf t% having sex

only wflh each other7

Veryeffecllve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Somewhat effechve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Notatall effective, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow howeffecfwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’t know method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever d~cussad AIDS with a friend or relahve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Whenwaslhelest hmeyoudiscussed AIDSwrfhafrksnd or

relahve?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

8-~4daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Neverdiscussed(no/don’tknowto q.20). . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Have you ever discussed AIDS wkh [any of your children age

10-17]?5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Have your children had any ins!ru:‘ton at school about AIDS?5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ::::::::::::::::: 19

Don’t know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Have you ever personally known anyone with the AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Have you ever personally known anyone wfih AfDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The U.S. Publk Heal!h servicehessardthal AIDSieoneofthe

major health problems In the country buf exactly how many

people h affects & not known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be concluded and blood samples be

taken to help find out how widespread the problem is. If you

wereselacledin this nationalsample ofpeopletohave their

blood tesled with assurances of prwacy of lest results, would

you have the lest?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Would you want to know the results of the blood tesl?s

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

66

8

2

3

1

71

28

0

14

17

9

17

11

29

4

59

41

38

44

17

7

92

2

6

93

1

75

19

2

4

96

1

1

91

6

1

2

1

74

25

0

16

18

10

15

10

27

4

63

37

50

20

31

10

6a

2

10

89

1

73

18

2

7

96

1

1

82

9

1

7

2

49

50

1

11

11

5

10

6

52

5

56

44

66

10

25

5

94

2

5

94

1

63

26

2

6

97

2

0

Percent diitributionl

87

7

2

3

1

61

39

0

13

15

8

13

8

40

4

50

60

49

18

33

6

92

2

6

82

2

71

21

2

6

96

2

0

85

6

1

4

2

69

31

1

15

16

8

15

10

32

4

73

27

52

21

27

8

90

2

8

91

1

69

21

2

6

98

2

1

88

7

1

3

1

85

34

0

13

15

6

14

9

36

4

64

36

49

21

31

7

91

1

7

92

1

71

21

2

6

98

2

0

78

11

3

6

2

68

32

0

16

16

5

13

9

33

4

57

43

63

13

24

9

87

4

10

8a

2

70

19

2

9

98

1

1

76

9

2

9

4

44

56

1

10

10

6

9

5

56

4

49

51

47

20

32

4

95

2

4

94

1

64

24

2

9

98

2

1

88

7

2

3

1

63

36

0

14

15

8

14

8

37

4

61

39

50

20

29

5

93

1

5

83

1

70

22

2

6

99

1

1

82

6

2

6

1

65

34

1

16

16

8

10

11

36

3

66

34

52

19

29

7

92

1

6

93

1

70

21

2

8

97

2

1

lExcludespersom forwhommresponse wasrecardedwwho refusedtorespord .Forquestion2thrcug h27,totalalsoexcludes perscmwhomver heardofAIDS.

~Mulipleresponsesmay sumto morethen 100 percent

Basedonpersore arwwenngyes!oquestlon 12a.

4SasedonPrsor6 answenngdon’tkra%’toquesr,on13.

@ed on persons.enswenrgyes 10questmn22, 00 ycu tanveany ctildrenaged 10-17? Ouestiin 23 was, How many do yw hsve?

Sesedonperxme answermgyestoqueetmn 28.

NOTE Total, age, sex, and educdon Include persor’a of other SIrd unknown race m strewn separately under race. Educatim refe!sto yearsof schoolcompleted.
advancecktta 11

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Suney (hTHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Eoch week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstituTable L Sample size for the National Health Interview Survey of

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes and estimated adult population

18 years of age and over, by seiected characteristics:

United States, December 1987

Esfm?afed

Sample populatkx

Characterktlc size m thousands

Allaclults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,597 174,528

Age

18-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,433 47,725

30-49 yearn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105 66,109

50years andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,059 60,695

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,303 62,703

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,294 91,625

Race

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,568 151,003

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 19,107

Educatkm

Lessthan 12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?,273 41,503

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134 66,475

Morethan 12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,119 62,363

tionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The AIDS knowledge and

attitudes questions were asked of a single randomly chosen

adult 18 years of age or over in each family. The estimates

in this report are based on completed interviews with 5,597

persons, or about 87 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have heard of AIDS. The

population figures in table I are based on first-quarter 1987

data from the NHIS; they are not official population estimates. Table II shows approximate standard errors of

estimates presented in table 1. Both the estimates in table 1

and the standard errors in table II are provisional. They

may differ slightly from estimates made using the find data

file because they were calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does not adjust for all the factors used in

weighting the final data file. The final data file covering the

entire 5-month period of data collection, August through

December 1987, will be available in 1988.

Tabie IL Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the Nationai Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowiedge and Attitudes, by seiected characteristics: United States, December 1987

A@? sax Race Educatkxr

18-29 30-49 50 ye9rs Less than

Estimated percent Total

&fOr8 than

years years and over Male Female Whfle Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.7 0.6

100r 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0.6

150r85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.1 0.9

200r80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,6 1.3 1.0

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.4 1.1

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.5 1.2

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.5 1.2

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 1.3

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 1.3

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 1.3

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.0

0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.3

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.8

1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.8

1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.9

1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 20

1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 21

1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 21

1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 22

1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 22

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

*.7

1.7

1.7

06

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

0.6

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than 0.5
12 advancedata

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, D. A. Dawson

and O. T. Thornberry. 1988. AIDS knowledge and

attitudes for December 1987, Provisional data from

the National Health Interview Survey. Advance Dafa

From Vifal and Health Statistics. No, 153. DHHS

Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1250. Public Health Service.

Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without futiher

permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 154. May 27, 1988

Relationships Between Smoking and Other Unhealthy

Habits: United States, 1985

by Charlotte A. Schoenborn, M. P. H., and Veronica Benson, Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

Smoking has been identified as the number one cause of

preventable death in the United States (Ofllce on Smoking and

Health, 1979). Extensive medical research has clearly documented the deleterious health effects of smoking, Additional

evidence has indicated that combining smoking with other

unhealthy behaviors can multiply the probability of serious illness; for instance, combining smoking and heavy drinking

greatly increases the probability of oral cancer (Office on Smoking and Health, 1979). Although exploring possible effects for

health outcomes of combining smoking with other bad habits is

beyond the scope of this report, the following analysis can

answer the question of whether smokers have other unhealthy

habits that may, based on other available evidence (Belloc and

J3reslow, 1972; Wiley and Camacho, 1980), increase their

probability of succumbing to serious illness, disability, and

even death.

Earlier research efforts have examined smoking behavior

in relation to specific behaviors such as alcohol and cdeine

use (Istvan and Matarazzo, 1984), food consumption (Grunberg and Morse, 1984), body weight (Albanes, Jones, Micozzi,

and Mattson, 1987), and exercise (Faulkner, Bailey, and Mirwald, 1987; Salonen et al., 1987). other investigators have

studied interrelationships among a wider variety of behaviors

{Blair, Jacobs. and Powell, 1985; Langlie, 1979; Mechanic

and Cleary, 1980: Norman, 1985).

This report presents national data on the interrelationships

between smoking and eight other behaviors judged to be unhealthy based on currently available evidence. Cross-sectional

and longitudinal studies performed in Alameda County, California since the mid-1 960’s found that certain health behaviors

were related to subsequent morbidity and mortality (Belloc and

Breslow, 1972; Breslow and Enstrom, 1980; Wiley and Camacho. 1980). The behaviors studied in Alameda County were

smoking, alcohol consumption, hours of sleep, exercise, eating

breakfast snacking, and being overweight. This report follows

the Alameda model. including behaviors that, although not

measured identically, are conceptually similar to those shown

in the Alameda study to be related to health status and survival.

A similar report using data from the 1983 National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS) Alcohol and Health Practices Questiomaire has also been prepared (Hendershot and Bloom,

unpublished). Information such as this may aid heakh educators

in planning more effective smoking cessation programs. The

case of alcohol and smoking is illustrative. Evidence suggests

that a substantial proportion of smokers are heavier drinkers,

according to criteria established by the National Institute on

Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Hendershot and Bloom, unpub

Iished). It might be hypothesized that, at least for some portion

of the smoking population alcohol consumption may interfere

with attempts to quit smoking by reducing the smoker”s resolve

to quit smoking. If this premise is correcq health promotion

efforts aimed at smokers could benefit from simultaneously

promc “ng reduction (or elimination) of alcohol consumption.

Similar’! smokers have been found to be less likely to exercise

(Hendershot and BloorrL unpublished). Health educators might

consider the possibility that increasing smokers’ participation

in sports activities might stimulate physiological or psych~

logical responses that would enhance the desire to quit smoking.

Although reasons for associations between smoking and other

health practices are not well understood, it is important to consider such associations when designing programs to change

behavior. The following anaIysis illuminates a number of behaviors other than smoking that could receive attention in

lifestyle-oriented smoking cessation programs.

Methods

This report is based on data from the 1985 National

Health Interview Survey of Health Promotion and Disease

ES. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 ackncedata

Prevention (NFHS-HPDP). The NHIS is a continuous, nation- The sample for the NHIS-HPDP consisted of one ranwide, household interview survey of the cilJilian noninstitu. domly selected adult per family, aged 18 years or over. Selftionalized population of the United States, conducted by the response was required. HPDP questionnaires were completed

National Center for Health Statistics. The NHIS consists of for 33,630 persons, representing an estimated 90 percent of

two parts: (a) a basic health and demographic questionnaire eligible respondents. This analysis is limited to the 32,517 perthat remains the same from year to year and (b) special topic sons aged 20 years and over.

questionnaires that change from year to year. In 1985 the spe- Table 1 shows the percent of current smokers, former

cial topic section was devoted entirely to health promotion smokers, and never smokers who had each of the eight untopics. A detailed description of the survey and its methods is healthy behaviors: sleeping six hours or less, skipping breakavailable (NCHS, 1986, 1988). fast, snacking daily, being less physically active than other perTable 1. Percent of persons 20 years of age and over who had selected unhealthy behaviors by smoking status, number of cigarettes

smoked daily, health practices, and sex: United States, 1985

;Data are based on household !ntewtews of the cIvIhan nonlnstttutmnal! zed population. The survey design, general quallfvcatmns, and mformatlon on the reliabllny of

the est!mates are gtven an the Technical notes]

Smoking status Number of cigarettes smoked d~#i/yl

All Less

smoking Never Form er Current than

Health practices and sex

35 or

sraruses smoker smoker smoker 75 15-24 25-34 more

Sleeps 6 hours or less

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never eats breakfast

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Snacks daily

Both aexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less physically actwez

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sedenta@

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Overweigh@

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heavier drinkep

Both sexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consumes 5 drinks or mores

Both sexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.3

22.9

21.7

24.3

25.3

23.5

38.4

39.8

37.2

18.9

15.8

21.8

56.7

50.5

62.3

24.6

26.7

22.B

7.8

13.2

3.0

12.’1

20.9

4.4

20.9

21.5

20.6

18.3

20.8

16.8

38.2

40.7

36.8

17.3

13.5

19.6

55.3

43.2

62.3

25.3

26.1

24.9

3.6

7.9

1.1

7.2

16.1

2.1

20.9

21.3

20.3

19.0

19.2

16.5

40.3

39.6

41.3

18.1

15.1

22.7

54.3

50.7

59.7

29.0

32.2

24.2

9.0

12.3

3.9

11,9

17,0

4,4

Percent

25.3

26.0

24.6

37.6

35.6

39.6

37.5

39.2

35.8

21.8

18.5

25.2

58.9

55.5

62.4

20.1

22.0

18.1

12.9

19.6

5.9

20,1

30.9

9.1

22.6

23.8

21.7

28.0

25.0

30.3

34.3

35.5

33.5

21.0

17.3

23.8

54.5

50.4

57.6

18.9

18.8

18.9

10.0

16.3

5.3

15.4

26.1

7.6

23.9

23.8

24.1

3B.O

34.3

41.6

37.4

39.4

35.4

21.3

17.7

24.9

59.8

55.6

64.1

17.7

19.1

16.4

10.9

16.7

5.1

20.6

32.2

9.1

27.9

28.0

27.8

45.7

43.4

48.B

41.3

42.9

38,9

23.1

19.7

27.9

60.8

57.4

65.6

22.6

24.9

19.2

16.9

22.6

8.9

24,0

33.3

11.2

33.1

32.7

34.0

50.6

47.9

55.6

41.7

41.0

43.0

24.0

21.1

29.5

63.4

60.6

68.9

26.9

29.9

21.1

22.0

28.8

8.7

26.7

33.9

13.1

1Current smokers only

2Based on percewed level of physical actw!ty.

3Sedentarv equals energy expenditure on Ie!sure ac~tv!rv of 0.0–1 ,4 kllocalor!es/kilogram/day,

’20 percent or more above desirable we!ght, based on 1983 Metropolitan L!fe Insurance Company standards (1 983, Staost Bull. 64(1 ).2-9) National Health

Intervtew Suwey data are self-reported, and esttmates may vary from those that would be obtained )f phystcal measurements were taken

5Measure developed by the Na?!onal Instt:ute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Calegones based on ounces of ethanol consumed during the past 2 weeks: heawer ‘

drinker IS de f!ned as hawng had an average 1,0 ounce of elhanol (2 drjnks) or more per day

~~ dr, nks or mo,e on 10 days or more In the Pas? Year
dmmedda3

sons of the same age, being sedentary in terms of leisure time

sports activities, being significantly overweight (20 percent or

more), drinking heavily (an average of two drinks or more

daily), and having five drinks or more on 10 days or more in

the past year. Table 2 shows the same relationships as those

shown in table 1, after adjusting for differences in the age distributions in the various smoking status groups. Because health

behaviors vary substantially by age, it is important to rule out

age as the explanation for observed differences among groups

with different smoking patterns. For this reason, discussion of

results will be limited to the age-adjusted table (table 2). It

should be noted, however, that the actual prevalence levels of

behaviors are the unadjusted figures in table 1.

In this repo~ terms such as “similar’” and “no difference”

mean that there is no statistically significant difference between the measures being compared. Terms relating to difference (for example, “greater than” or “less than”) indicate

that differences are statistically significan~ The r-test, with a

Table 2. Age-adjustad percent of persons 20 years of age and over who had selected unhealthy behaviors by smoking status, number of

cigarettes smoked daily, health practices, and sex United States, 1985

[Data are based on household mlerwews of the cwtllan nomnstmmonaltzed populatwn. The survey design, general qualif8cattons, and mformauon on the rehabll!ty of

the estimates are gwen m the Techntcal notes]

Smoking status Number of cigarettes smoked daily~

All Less

smoking Never Former Current than

Health practices and sex

35 or

statuses smoker smoker smoker 15 15-24 25-34 more

Sleeps 6 hours or less

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never eats breakfast

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Snacks daily

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less physically activ~

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sedenta$

8oth sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Overweigh@

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heavier drinke~

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consumes 5 drinks or moreG

Both sexas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.3

22.8

21.6

24.4

24.8

24.0

38.4

39.6

37.4

1B.9

15.7

21.9

56.7

51.0

61.B

24.6

26.5

22.7

7.8

13.1

3.0

12.1

20.5

4.6

21.0

21.5

20.4

18.1

18.9

17.7

38.4

39.3

37.6

17.2

13.2

19.9

55.6

46.6

61.1

26.4

2B.?

24.9

3.6

7.9

1.1

6.8

13.8

2.2

21.2

22.5

19.9

21.2

22.3

19.8

40.B

40.4

41.5

18.4

14.6

23.3

52.3

47.7

58.5

27.0

30.0

23.0

6.9

12.7

3.7

14.1

21.2

5,0

Age-adjusted percent

24.6

24.9

24.4

35.4

33.3

37.6

36.9

38.5

35.3

21.8

18.8

24.9

60.6

57.2

64.3

19.6

21.2

17.9

12.6

18.9

6.1

18.7

2B.7

8.5

22.6

23.7

21.8

26.7

23.4

29.2

33.6

34.7

32.7

20.8

18.0

23.0

57.0

53.0

60.0

19.3

19.4

19.3

9.5

15.3

5.2

13.6

23.0

6.7

23.3

22.5

23.9

35.9

31.9

39.8

36.8

38.2

35.2

21.0

17.7

24.5

61.7

57.6

65.7

17.4

18.7

16.0

10.7

15.5

5.7

19.0

29.3

8.7

27.1

26.0

28.6

42.1

39.4

45.9

40.4

42.3

37.7

23.1

19.0

29.9

64.1

60.5

68.8

22,2

23.0

20.5

16.9

21.8

10.2

221

30.6

10.4

31,6

31.1

34.1

47.6

45.5

51.7

42.4

42.5

42.5

26.1

23.6

30.9

64.7

62.1

70.5

224

2?.2

1s.7

22.5

28.9

9.5

26.2

33,0

13,2

1current smokers only.

‘Based on percewed level of phvs!cal 6ctwny.

3Sedentary ~QuaIS energy expenditure on leisure actwty of 0.0-1.4 ktlocalorleaJkdo9 ram/daY.

420 percent or more above desirable we!ght, based on 1983 Metropolitan L!fe Insurance Company standards 11983, Sfar/s?. BuM 64(1 12-91, Nat!onal Health

Intetwew Survey data are self-reported, and est!mates may vary from thOSe that would be obta!ned If physical measurement were taken.

5Measure developed bv the Nattonal Inst}tute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohohsm Categories based on ounces o< ethanol consumed during lhe past 2 weeks, heawer

drtnker IS de fnned as hawng had an average 1,0 ounce of ethanol [2 drunks) or more per day

65 drinks or more on 10 davs or more m the past vear
4

critical value of 1.96 (0.05 level of significance), was used to

test all comparisons, Lack of comment regarding the difference

between any two statistics does not mean the difference was

tested and found to be not signiflcantDefinition of terms

Smoking

Current smokers are defined as persons who had smoked

at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and reported that they

were smoking at the time of interview. Former smokers had

smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but were not currently

smoking. Never smokers had never smoked 100 cigarettes.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term “smokers” in this report

refers to current smokers.

Sleep

Sleeping 6 hours or less a night has been defined as an

unhealthy habit by other researchers (Belloc and Breslow,

1972; Wiley and Camacho, 1980). It was selected for this

analysis on that basis.

Breakfast and snacking

Skipping breakfast and snacking regularly have been identified elsewhere as poor eating habits (Belloc and Breslow,

1972). Breakfast and snacks were respondent-defined in the

NHIS-HPDP, and frequency was reported as ahnost every

day, sometimes, rarely, or never. In the interest of brevity for

discussion of these behaviors, “almost every day” is abbreviated to “every day,” and “rarely or never” is shortened to

“never.” The terms “skipping breakfast” and “never eating

breakfast” are used interchangeably.

Physical activity

Two measures of physical activity were included. The

firs$ physical activity level relative to other persons one’s own

age, is a subjective indicator, combining an assessment of

one’s own activity level with an assessment of the activity level

of one’s contemporaries. This indicator offers comparability

with an earlier survey (Hendershot and Bloom, unpublished).

The second measure of physical activity is based on a more

rigorous definition of exercise levels. Respondents were asked

to report their participation in 23 leisure time physical activities

(such as walking, jogging, gardening aerobics, golf, and tennis)

over the past 2 weeks. Their participation was converted into

total kilocalories of energy expended over a 2-week period and

averaged over the 14 days to obtain a daily energy expenditure.

Persons with kilocalorie levels of under 1.5 per day were

defined as sedentary for this analysis. A more complete description of this methodology has been published previously

(Schoenbom, 1986).

Overweight

Overweight is defined as being 20 percent or more above

desirable body weight according to the 1983 Metropolitan Life

Insurance Company height and weight tables (Metropolitan

Life Insurance Company, 1983). All height and weight data in

the NHIS-HPDP were self-reported. Further information on

this variable is available in the Technical notes.

Heaviar drinker

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

has defined “heavier drinker” as a person consuming an average

of 1.0 ounce or more of ethanol per day, that is, about 2

average-sized drinks of beer, wine, or liquor. The National

Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism definition was

used for classifying persons in this analysis. Information was

coIlected on the frequency of alcohol consumption over the 2

weeks preceding the interview and the average quantity consumed per occasion. These data were then converted into

ounces of ethanol using a factor of 0.5 ounce per drirlk. The

number of ounces were summed and then averaged over the

14-day period to obtain an average daily amount consumed.

Five drinks or more

Because health-related patterns in drinking behavior may

be masked by using an average daily alcohol consumption (for

instance, a person with an average daily alcohol consumption

of 2 drinks per day could have consumed 28 drinks in a

weekend or 2 drinks a day for 14 days over any given 2-week

period), an indicator of repeated heavy drinking episodes was

also employed. Respondents were asked on how many days in

the past year they had had five drinks or more. For this report,

the cutoff of 10 days or more was selected because it suggests

that this drinking involved more than holiday-type drinking.

Findings

Sleep

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age compositio~ about 22 percent of U. S. adults slept an average of 6

hours or less each nigh~ Current smokers were more likely

than both former and never smokers to sleep this little. In

1985, approximately one-fourth of current smokers slept 6

hours or less compared with about 21 percent of former smokers

and persons who had never smoked. The association between

current smoking and getting less sleep was found for men and

women. Male current smokers were more likely to sleep 6

hours or less (24.9) than males who had never smoked (21.5).

Similarly, female current smokers were more likely to sleep 6

hours or less (24.4) than women who had never smoked and

women who had quit smoking—about 20 percent for the latter

two groups,

Among current smokers, sleeping 6 hours or less was

related to the number of cigarettes smoked. Almost one-third

of smokers in the heaviest smoking category (those smoking 35

cigarettes or more daily) slept 6 hours or less compared with

27.1 percent of those smoking 25–34 cigarettes, 23.3 percent

of those smoking 15–24 cigarettes, and 22.6 percent of those

smoking fewer than 15 cigarettes per day. This dose-response

relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and sleeping

habits was similar for men and women. Women who smoked 35

cigarettes or more daily were the most likely to sleep 6 hours or

less of any of the groups shown in table 2 (34.1 percent).

Skipping breakfast

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age composition, skipping breakfast was more prevalent among smokers
acktncedata 5

than nonsmokers. On average, more than one-third of current

smokers never ate breakfast compared with 21.2 percent of

former smokers and 18.1 percent of never smokers. The relationship between cigarette smoking and skipping breakfast was

found for both men and women. Male current smokers were

more likely to skip breakfast (33.3) than male former smokers

(22.3) and male never smokers (18.9). Female current smokers

also were more Iikely to skip breakfast (37.6) than female

former smokers (19.8) and female never smokers (17.7). Female smokers were more likely than male smokers to never eat

breakfast 37.6 and 33.3, respectively).

Among smokers. skipping breakfast was associated with

the amount smoked, the highest prevalence being among those

smoking a greater number of cigarettes. Persons smoking 35

cigarettes or more daily were more likely to never eat breakfast

(47.6) than persons smoking 25-34 cigarettes (42. 1), 15-24

cigarettes (35.9), and less than 15 cigarettes daily (26.7). As

was the case with unhealthy sleeping habits, female heavy

smokers (35 cigarettes or more daily) were the most likely to

have unhealthy breakfast habits of any group shown. About 52

percent of female smokers smoking 35 cigarettes or more daily

never ate breakfast compared with 39.8 percent of females

smoking 15-24 cigarettes and 29.2 percent of females smoking

less than 15 cigarettes daily. A similar relationship between

breakfast habits and number of cigarettes smoked was found

for men. Male smokers who smoked 35 or more cigarettes

daily were more likely to skip breakfast (45.5) than males

smoking 25-34 cigarettes (39.4), males smoking 15-24 cigarettes (31.9), and males smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily

(23.4).

Snacking

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age composition, about 37 percent of current smokers snacked every

day compared with 40.8 percent of former smokers and 38.4

percent of never smokers. On average, about 35 percent of

female current smokers snacked daily compared with 41.5 percent of female former smokers and 37.6 percent of female

never smokers. For males, snacking habits of smokers versus

nonsmokers were not significantly different.

Although smokers on the whole tended to be less likely to

snack every day than nonsmokers, heavier smokers were more

likely to snack. About 42 percent of persons who smoked 35

cigarettes or more daily snacked every day compared with 36.8

percent of those who smoked 15-24 cigarettes daily, 33.6 percent of those who smoked less than 15 cigarettes daily, and 38

percent of those who had never smoked. Males smoking 35

cigarettes or more daily were more likely to snack every day

(42.5 percent) than males smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily

(34.7 percent). Females who smoked 35 cigarettes or more

daily were more likely to snack every day (42.5 percent) than

females smoking 15-24 cigarettes daily (35.2 percent) and

females smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily (32.7 percent).

Less physically active

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age composition, the perception of being less physically active was

more prevalent among current smokers than former and never

smokers. About 22 percent of current smokers perceived themselves to be less physically active than their contemporaries

compared with 18.4 percent of former smokers and 17.2 percent of never smokers. About 19 percent of male current

smokers reported being less physically active than their contemporaries compared with about 15 percent of male former

smokers and about 13 percent of male never smokers. About

25 percent of female current smokers reported being less physically active than their contemporaries compared with about 20

percent of female never smokers.

Compared with lighter smokers, heavier smokers tended to

be less physically active than their contemporaries. About 26

percent of those smoking 35 or more cigarettes daily were less

physically active than their contemporaries, compared with

about 21 percent of smokers smoking less than 25 cigarettes

daily. About 24 percent of males smoking 35 cigarettes or

more daily were less physically active than their contemporaries, compared with 18.0 percent of males smoking less

than 15 cigarettes daily. Similarly, among females smoking 35

cigarettes or more daily, about 31 percent reported being less

physically active than their contemporaries, compared with 23

percent of females smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily.

Women were more likely than men to report being less physically active than others the same age, across all smoking

statuses and all smoking levels.

Sedentary activity level

Table 2 shows tha6 controlling for differences in age composition, current smokers were more likely to be sedentary in

terms of leisure time sports activities (60.6 percent) compared

with former smokers (52.3 percent) and never smokers (55.6

percent). Male current smokers were more likely to be sedentary (57.2 percent) than male former smokers (47.7 percent)

and male never smokers (46.6 percent); the difference between

former and never smokers was not statistically significant. As

with males, female current smokers were more likely to be

sedentary (64 percent) than were female nonsmokers. In contrast to the findings for males, female former smokers were

somewhat less likeIy to be sedentary (58.5 percent) than females who had never smoked (61. 1 percent).

For smokers, sedentary behavior also was associated with

the number of cigarettes smoked. About 65 percent of those

smoking 35 cigarettes or more daily were sedentary compared

with 57 percent of those smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily.

This association was found for males and females. Males

smoking 35 cigarettes or more daily were more likely to be

sedentary (62. 1 percent) than males smoking 15–24 cigarettes

daily (57.6 percent) and males smoking Iess than 15 cigarettes

daily (53.0 percent). Females smoking 35 cigarettes or more

daily were more likely to be sedentaty (70.5 percent) than

females smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily (60.0 percent).

Females were more likely than males to be sedentary. across

alI smoking statuses and regardless of the number of cigarettes smoked.

Overweight

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age composition, current smokers were less likely to be significantly
6 dwwechb

overweight (20 percent or more above desirable body weight)

than former and never smokers. About 20 percent of current

smokers were significantly overweight compared with 27 percent of former smokers and 26.4 percent of never smokers.

Male current smokers were less likely to be overweight (21.2

percent) than male former smokers (30.0 percent) and male

never smokers (28. 1 percen’ ). Similarly, female current smokers

were less likely to be overweight ( 17.9 percent) than female

former smokers (23.0 percent) and female never smokers (24.9

percent).

Among male smokers, overweight was related to the number of cigarettes smoked daily, but not in the expected direction. Although smokers on the whole were less likely to be

o~rerweight, the heaviest smokers were the mosf likely of the

smokers to be overweight. Prevalence of overweight among

males smoking 35 cigarettes or more daily (27.2 percent) was

similar to that of males who had never smoked (28.1 percent).

Overweight was substantially less prevalent among males smoking fewer than 25 cigarettes daily (about 19 percent). No clear

pattern emerged for female smokers in the relationship between

number of cigarettes smoked daily and prevalence of overweight.

Heavier drinker

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age composition, current smokers were more likely than former and

never smokers to be heavier drinkers. About 13 percent of

current smokers were heavier drinkers compared with 8.9 percent of former smokers and 3.6 percent of never smokers.

About 19 percent of male current smokers were heavier drinkers

compared with 12.7 percent of male former smokers and 7.9

percent of male never smokers. Female current smokers were

more likely to be heavier drinkers (6.1 percent) than female

former smokers (3.7 percent) and female never smokers (1. 1

percent). Males were more likely than females to be heavier

drinkers regardless of smoking status.

Heavier smoking was associated with heavier drinking in

the expected direction. Current smokers smoking 35 cigarettes

or more daily were more likely to be heavier drinkers (22.5

percent) than those smoking 25–34 cigarettes daily (16.9 percent), 15–24 cigarettes daily (10.7 percent), and less than 15

cigarettes daily (9.5 percent). The dose-response relationship

was clearest for males. Among males smoking 35 cigarettes or

more daily, 28.9 percent were heavier drinkers compared with

21.8 percent of males smoking 25-34 cigarettes daily, 15.5

percent of males smoking 15-24 cigarettes daily, and 15.3 percent of those smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily. Among

females, the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked

and heavier drinking habits was dichotomous: About 10 percent of females who smoked 25 cigarettes or more daily were

heavier drinkers compared with 5-6 percent of females who

smoked fewer than 25 cigarettes. Males were substantially

more likely than females to be heavier drinkers, regardless of

smoking status or amount smoked

Five drinks or more

Table 2 shows tha~ controlling for differences in age composition, current smokers were more likely to have had five

drinks or more on 10 days or more during the past year than

either former or never smokers. About 19 percent of current

smokers had exhibited this drinking behavior compared with

14.1 percent of former smokers and 6.8 percent of never smokers.

Male smokers were more likely to have had five drinks or more

this many times (28.7 percent) than male former smokers

(21.2 percent) and male never smokers ( 13.8 percent). As with

males, female current smokers were more likely to report this

behavior (8.5 percent) than were female former smokers (5.0

percent) or never smokers (2.2 percent). Consuming five drinks

or more at least 10 times in the past year was more common

among males than females across all smoking statuses.

Having five drinks or more on 10 days or more during the

past year was also related to the amount smoked. Current

smokers smoking 35 cigarettes or more daily were mc~re likely

to report this behavior (26.2 percent) than those smoking 25-

34 cigarettes (22.1 percent), 15–24 cigarettes ( 19.0 percent),

and less than 15 cigarettes daily ( 13.6 percent). Males smoking

35 cigarettes or more daily were 10 percentage points more

likely to have had five drinks or more at least 10 times over the

past year (33.0 percent) than males smoking less than 15

cigarettes daily (23.0 percent). Females smoking 35 cigarettes

or more daily were more likely to have had five drinks or more

(13.2 percent) than females smoking 15-24 cigarettes daily

(8.7 percent) and females smoking less than 15 cigarettes daily

(6.7 percent). As was found with the “heavier drinker” classification discussed above, drinking five alcoholic beverages or

more was considerably more common among males than among

females, regardless of smoking status or amount smoked.

Summary

Overall, these results suggest that smoking is related to

other unhealthy behaviors. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers

are more likely to get little sleep, skip breakfast, not exercise

actively, and drink heavily. In contrast, smokers were less

likely to be overweight and less likely to snack daily than were

nonsmokers, the more favorable weight status and snacking

behavior tending to be most characteristic of lighter smokers.
dmmedda7

References

Albanes, D., D. Y. Jones, M. S. Micozzi, and M. E. Mattson. 1987.

Associations between smoking and body weight in the U.S. populatiorc Analysis of NHANES II. Amer. J. Pub. Health 77(4):439-44.

Belloc, N. B., and L. Breslow. 1972. Relationship of physical health

status and health practices. Prev. Med. 1(3):409-21.

Blair, S. N., D. R Jacobs, and K. E. Powell. 1985. Relationships between exercise or physical activity and other health behaviors. Pub.

Health Rep. 100(2):172-80.

Breslow. L., and J. E. Enstrom. 1980. Persistence of health habits and

their relationship to mortality. Prer. Med. 9:469-83.

Faulkner. R A., D. A. Bailey, and R L. Mirwald. 1987. The relationship of physical activity to smoking characteristics in Canadian men

and women. Can. J. Pub. Health 78:155-60.

Grunberg, N. E., and D. E. Morse. 1984. Cigarette smoking and food

consumption in the United States. ~. AppL Social Psychology 14(3):

310-17.

Hendershot, G. E., and B. Bloom. 1987. Health habits of smokers.

Data from the National Health Interview Survey. Unpublished

document.

Istvan, J., and J. D. Matarazzo. 1984. Tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine

use: A review of’their interrelationships. Psychol BuL! 95(2):301-26.

Langlie, J. K. 1979. Interrelationships among preventive health behaviors: A test of competing hypotheses. Pub. Health Rep. 94(3):

216-25.

Mechanic. D.. and P. D. Cleary. 1980. Factors associated with maintenance of positive health behavior. Prer. Med 9:805-14.

Technical notes

Data presented in this report were obtained from household

intemiews of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

These interviews were conducted among a probability sample

of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United

States. During 1985, 91,53 I persons living in 34,844 households were interviewed. The total noninterview rate for the

NHIS was about 4.3 percen~ including 2.6 percent due to respondent refusaf and the remainder due to failure to find an

eligible respondent at home after repeated calls. Detailed information on the design of the survey is available elsewhere

(NCHS, 1986, 1988).

Questions concerning health promotion and disease prevention were asked of a subsample, one person aged 18 years

and over per family. This report is based on data for the 32,517

subsarnple respondents who were 20 years of age and over.

Self-reporting was generally required for these questions, but

proxy responses were accepted when subsample persons were

physically or mentally incapable of answering the questions for

themselves. Persons with unknown health practice characteristics are excluded only from the analysis for that health practice. The response rate for the NHIS Health Promotion and

Disease Prevention Questionnaire was about 90 percent. Item

nonresponse for the data discussed in this report ranged from

0.5 percent for breakfast to 3.6 percent for desirable weight.

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 1983. Srarist. Bull. 64(1 x2-9.

National Center for Health Statistics, A. J. Moss. 1986. Current

estimates, United States. 1985. Vital and Health Statistics. Series

10, No. 160. Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1588. Public Health Service.

Washington U.S. Government Priming OffIce.

National Center for Health Statistics. C. A. Schoenbom. 1988. Health

promotion and disease prevention, United States, 1985. \’ital and

Heal/h Statistics. Series 10, No. 163. Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1591.

Public Health Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

Norman, R M. G. 1985. Studies of interrelationships amongst health

behaviors. Can. J. Pub. Health 76:407-10.

Office on Smoking and Health. 1979. Smoking and Health, A Report

of the Surgeon GeneraL DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-55566. Public

Health Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Otlice.

Salonen, J. T., P. Happonen, R Salonen, H. Korhonen, A. Nissinen,

P. Puskq J. Tuomilehto, and E. Vartiainen. 1987. Interdependence of

associations of physical activity, smokir% and alcohol and coffee consumption with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density

lipoprotein cholesterol—A population study in Eastern Finland. Prev.

Med 16:647-58.

Schoenbo~ C. A. 1986. Health habits of U.S. adults: The Alameda

7 revisited. Pub. Heaffh Rep. 101(6):571-80.

Wiley, J. A., and T. C. Camacho. 1980. Lifestyle and future health—

Evidence from the Alameda County study. Prev. Med. 9:1-21.

The measure of desirable weight used in this report was

based on the 1983 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(MLIC) standards of desirable weights for men and women,

which were derived from the 1979 Body Build and Blood Pressure Study conducted by the Society of Actuaries (MLIC,

1983). Desirable weights are shown for small, medium, and

large frames for men and women. For NHIS analyses, the midpoint of the desirable weight range for the medium frame

category was used as the “desirable weight’. for a particular

heigh4 with certain adjustments. The NILIC standards were

developed based on weight in indoor clothing and height with

l-inch heels. Respondents to the NHIS were asked to report

their height without shoes and their weight without clothes or

shoes. To compensate for these differences, the MLIC standards were adjusted by subtracting 2 pounds from the midpoint

of the medium frame category for both sexes and subtracting

1 inch from the height.

Because the estimates shown in this report are based on a

sample of the population rather than on the entire population,

they are subject to sampling error. Standard errors appropriate

for estimated percents of persons are shown in table I. Pop

ulation sizes for each of the smoking groups are shown in

table II.

To understand better the limitations of the estimates pre-
8

Table 1. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of

estimated percents 1985 National Health Interview Survey of Health

Promotion and Disease Prevention

Table Il. Number of persons 20 years of age and over by smoking

status. number of cigarettes smoked daily, and sex Unitedl States.

1985

Estimated percent

Base of

percent in 2 or 5 or 10 or 20 or

thousands 98 95 90 80 50

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 8.0 11.0 14.7 18.4

70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 6.8 9.3 12.4 15.5

100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.7 7.8 10.4 13.0

300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 3.3 4,5 6.0 7.5

500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.5 3.5 4.6 5.8

700 .,..........,,,.. 1.4 2,1 2.9 3.9 4.9

1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i .2 1.8 2.5 3.3 4.1

!5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.8

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.3

20s000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.+ 0.6 0.7 0.9

30.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

sented in this repo~ data users are encouraged to familiarize

themselves with the survey design, the methods used in estimation, and the general qualifications of the dat% which are de

scribed in appendix I of Health Promotion and Disease Pr~

vention, 1985 (NCHS, 1988). The NHIS Health Promotion

and Disease Prevention questiomaire is shown in appendix III

of that report.

NOTE: A listof referencesfollowsthe &xL

Suggested citation

National Center for Haalth Statistics. C. A.

Schoenborn and V. Benson. 1988. Relationships

between smoking and other unhealthy habits:

United States, 1985. Advance Data From Vital

and Health Statistics. No. 154. DH HS Pub. No.

(PHS) 88-1250. Public Haalth Serwce.

Hyattsville, Md.

Smokmg status, number of cigarettes

smoked dady, and sex Number in thousands

Both sexes, all smoking statusesl . . . . . . 163,693

Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,590

Former . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,918

Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,792

Less than 15 cigarettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,982

15-24 cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,267

25-34 cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,597

35cigarettes or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,524

Male, all smoking statusasl . . . . . . . . . . . 77,157

Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,293

Formal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,086

Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ... 25,021

Less than 15 cigarettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,421

15-24 cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,193

25-34 cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,881

35cigarettes or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,298

Female, all smoking statusesl . . . . . . . . . 86,505

Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,297

Former . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,8:31

Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,771

Less than 15 cigarettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,561

15-24 cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,074

25-34 cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,7’16

35cigarettes or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,2;~7

1Includes unknown smok!ng status.

Copyright Information

This report may be reprinted without further

perrmsslon.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 155 ● May 24, 1988

Prevalence of selected chronic conditions, United States,

1983-85

by John Gary Collins, Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

National estimates of the prevalence of selected

chronic conditions in the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States for the years 1983-85 are

presented in this report. These estimates are based on data

collected by the National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS) by means of the National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS). Data on the prevalence of chronic conditions

reported in household interviews are shown in terms of

number and rate per 1,000 persons for the total population

and by rate per 1,000 persons according to age, sex and

race. Data are also presented by rank order of prevalence,

by rank order of conditions causing the highest percent of

limitation in activity, and by the percent of high prevalence

conditions for which persons were ever hospitalized.

●

●

●

●

●

●

Data are shown by the following condition categories

Circulatory conditions.

Respiratory cmditions.

Digestive conditions.

Impairments and conditions of the nervous system and

sense organs.

Conditions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and

conditions of the musculoskeletal system and ccmnective tissue.

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders diseases of the blood and bloodforming organs; and conditions of the genitourinary

system.

NHIS chronic condition prevalence data are presented

annually in the NCHS publication Ci.orent Estimates From

the National HeaIfh Interview Sunwy, and periodically for 3

years of data (NCHS, 1986a, 1986b, 1986c, and 1986d).

The 3 year data reports have the advantage of smaller

variances and hence are more suitable for analysis.

Highlights

Chronic sinusitis was the chronic condition reported

most frequently in the interviews with an average annual prevalence of 31.2 million conditions or 134.6 per

1,000 persons in the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Arthritis and high blood pressure (hypertension) were

the second and third most prevalent chronic conditions

reported with annual averages of 303 million and 23.6

million conditions, respectively.

Arthritis was reported to be more prewdent among

females than males. Among females, arthritis ranks as

the most frequently reported condition with an annual

average rate of 1643 per 1,000 person% however,

among males arthritis ranks fifth in prevalence with an

annual average rate of 95.2 per 1,00Q persons.

Among black persons, high blood pressure (hypertension) was the most prevalent chronic condition reported, with a rate of 1463 per 1,000 persons.

Among the younger persons, those under 18 years of

age, hay fever, with a rate of 55.7 per 1,000 persons,

was the most frequently reported chronic condition.

Chronic sinusitis was the most prevalent chronic condition reported among persons 18-44 years of age, and

deformities or orthopedic impairments was second.

The races were 160.0 and 131.2 per 1,000 persons,

respectively.

For the age groups 45-64 years, 65-74 years, and 75

years and over, arthritis was the chronic condition

reported most frequently and high blood pressure

ranked second in dl three age goups.

Mental retardation was the chronic condition causing

the highest percent of activity limitation with 85.6

percent of reported conditions resulting in limitation.

Multiple sclerosis, and malignant neoplasms of lung

and bronchus ranked second and third, causing limitaU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

tion of activity in 76.8 percent and 68.2 percent, respectively, of the conditions reported.

. Among the 15 most prevalent reported chronic conditions, heart disease ranked first in the percent ever

hospitalized with 42.6 percent. In the subcategory Ischemic heart disease, there was a hospitalization reported for 68.5 percent of the conditions.

Background

Information from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the National Center for Health Statistics is

based on data collected in a continuing nation~vide survey

by household interview. Each week a probability sample of

households in the civilian noninstitutionalized population of

the United States is interviewed by personnel of the U.S.

Bureau of the Census. Information is obtained about the

health and other characteristics of the people in each

household.

One of the strengths of NHIS is the ability to combine

data over multiple years. This increases stability of the

estimates because augmenting the sample size leads to

smaller sampling errors. This is especially helpful in NHIS

where each individual condition group constitutes only a

one-sixth sample in a given year. That is, each household is

surveyed for only one of the six chronic condition checklists.

Combining data over time is possible because of the sampling design of NHIS and its use of standard questions over

several years. Combining data is particularly desirable when

making estimates for relatively rare events or population

subgroups-in this case, chronic conditions. Therefore,

data for this report are based on information obtained

during 1983, 1984,and 1985 and annual averages for these

3 years are presented.

Methodological studies have shown that chronic conditions are generally underreported in interview surveys

(NCHS, 1987). Respondents in health interviews tend to

report conditions of which they are aware and about which

they are willing to report to the intemiewer. Reporting is

better for conditions that have made a significant impact on

the affected individual and his family. Conditions that are

severe or costly, or that receive treatment tend to be better

reported than ~nditions having less impact. For instance, a

condition that has caused limitation of activity, visits to the

doctor, or days in bed is more iikely to be reported in the

interview than a condition that has had IIittle or no impact

on the person.

Methodological studies have also indicated that inclusion of a checklist of descriptive condition titles as part of

the interview questionnaire increases the probability that

respondents will recognize the terms and report those of

which they are aware. of course, the diagnostic accuracy of

condition reports depends on how well the respondent

remembers information that the attending physician has

passed on to the family or, in the absence of medical

attendance, on the previous experience or education of the

family.

The questionnaires for 1983, 1984, and 1985 are illustrated in their entirety in the Current Estimates reports for

these years (NCHS, 1986a, 1986b, and 1986c).

Information about the prevalence of chronic conditions

was obtained from responses to the six categorical checklists of conditions in section H of the questionnaires. The

question was phrased as follows “During the past 12

months, did anyone in the family have .-)7?

A brief description of methods and procedures used in

NHIS is given in the Technical notes section of this report.

Chronic condition prevalence

Prevalence often refers to the number of some item

existing at a given point in time; this definition of prevalence is usually referred to as point prevalence. Prevalence

can also refer to the average number of some ite]m existing

during a specified interval of time and is usually called

period prevalence. The latter definition is used in NHIS

because the data are collected over intervals of time.

Chronic conditions are defined as conditions that either

(1) were first noticed 3 months or more before the date of

interview, or (2) belong to a group of conditions considered

chronic regardless of when they began.

For the purpose of estimating the prevalence of reported chronic conditions, the total NHIS sample was

divided into six representative subsamples. Each subsample

was administered one of six checklists that contained broad

categories of types of chronic conditions. Respondents were

asked to indicate the presence or absence of each condition

specified on the particular list administered to them. Because the presence or absence of many types olf chronic

conditions is often ambiguous, several “impact” questions

were asked about each condition reported.

The tables in this report are organized primarily by

checkiist. However, some modifications in the presentation

were made for instances in which more than one of the six

lists included data from the same disease classification

system as listed in the Ninth Revision International C1assificarion of Diseases (World Health Organization, 1977).

Conditions with high prevalence

The chronic conditions with highest prevalence during

1983-85 are presented in table 1. Top 10 rankings are

presented for all persons, for males and females, for white

and black persons, and for five age categories.

Chronic sinusitis ranked first for all persons, for males,

for white persons, and for persons age 18-44 years. Arthritis ranked first among females and among persons in the

age groups 45-64 years, 65-74 years, and 75 years and over.

High blood pressure (hypertension) ranked first among

black persons and hay fever or allergic rhinitis ranked first

among persons under 18 years of age,

There was no marked difference between males and

females regarding those conditions ranking in the top 10,

with nine of the ten appearing on both lists. Deformities or
achfancedata 3

orthopedic impairment and deafness and other hearing

impairments ranked higher among males, and arthritis

clearly ranked higher among females.

The groups with the most diversity in the top 10

rankings were the young persons, under 18 years of age,

and the older-persons, 65-74 years and 75 years and over.

Among the younger persons, respiratory conditions ranked

high, constituting five of the top 10 conditions-hay fever or

allergic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, and chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids.

Among the older persons, conditions such as cataracts,

tinnitus, diabetes, and hardening of the arteries ranked in

the top 10. However, these conditions were not in the top

10 rankings for all persons.

The figure shows the 15 most prevalent chronic conditions for all persons by the percent of the conditions that

ever necessitated hospitalization.

The conditions that caused the most hospitalization

were heart disease 42.6 percent (68.5 percent for ischemic

heart disease by itself) and diabetes 32.7 percent. Seven of

the ten most prevalent chronic cmditions had relatively low

percents of ever being hospitalized for the condition (less

than 10 percent). On the other hand, there are many

conditions that are not as high in prevalence that resulted in

very high percent of hospitabtion.

Chronic conditions that result in the largest percent of

activity limitation are also quite different from those on the

lists of high prevalence. Table 2 presents the 12 chronic

conditions that cause the highest percent of activi~ limitation by rank order. Mental retardation ranks highest (85.6

percent) followed by multiple sclerosis (76.8 percent) and

malignant neoplasms of lung and bronchus (68.2 percent).

Chronic sinusitis, which is the most prevalent chronic condition, causes activity limitation in less than one-half of

one-percent of the reported ccmditions.

Selected circulatory conditions

Prevalence estimates and rates for chronic circulatory

conditions for all persons, and the rates per 1,000 persons

by se% race, and age groups are shown in table 3. The data

indicates that high blood pressure (hypertension), estimated at 28.6 million conditions annually, was the most

prevalent circulatory condition. High blood pressure was

the most prevalent circulato~ condition for each group

except those under 18 years of age, for whom heart disease

had the highest rates. Heart disease was also high in overall

prevalence, 193 million renditions annually and hemorrhoids accounted for 105 million conditions a year.

SeIected respiratory conditions

Table 4 shows the prevalence estimates and rates per

1,000 persons for chronic respiratory conditions for all

persons and rates per 1,000 persons by sex, race, and age

groups. Chronic sinusitis was the most prevalent respiratory

condition with an annual average of 31.2 million conditions

reported. Hay fever or allergic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis,

and asthma were also high in prevalence with an annually

reported 20.0, 11.1, and 8.6 million conditions, respectively.

Chronic sinusitis was the most prevalent respiratory condition for both sexes, for white and black person% and for all

age groups except the group under 18 years of age. In that

group, hay fever or allergic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, and

chronic sinusitis were similar in reported annual prevalence. The respective rates per 1,000 persons were 55.7,

54.7, and 51.9.

Selected digestive conditions

Prevalence estimates and rates for digestive conditions

for all persons and rates per 1,000 persons by se% race, and

age groups are shown in table 5. Digestive conditions, with

the highest annual number of reported conditions, were

indigestion and other functional disorders (5.9 million),

hernia of abdominal cavi~ (4.9 million), ulcers (4.5 million), and constipation (4.3 million). Among the young

persons under 18 years, constipation was reported most

often with a rate of 6.0 per 1,000persons. The age group

18-44 years reported indigestion and other functional disorders most frequently, 27.8 per 1,000 persons, and the age

groups 45-64 years and 65-74 years reported hernia of the

abdominal cavity as their most frequent digestive condition,

40.9 and 73.3 per 1,000 persons, respectively. Among those

75 years and over, constipation was reported most frequently, 103.4 per 1,000 persons. Females reported much

higher rates of constipation than males, 27.6 to 9.3 per

1,000 persons. Constipation was also the most frequently

reported digestive condition among black persons-22.9

per 1,000 persons. For both males and white persons,

indigestion and other functional disorders was reported

more frequently than any other digestive condition.

Selected impairments and nervous

system and sense organ conditions

Table 6 contains the prevalence estimates and rates per

1,000 persons for selected impairments and nervous system

and sense organ conditions for all persons; and rates per

1,000 persons by sex, race, and age groups. Among the

impairments, the highest prevalence was reported for deformities or orthopedic impairments—28.O million conditions, of which 14.1 million were of the back and 10.5

million were of the lower extremities. Deafness and other

hearing impairments were also reported frequently-21.O

million conditions. In addition 8.2 million visual impairments, including blindness, were reported. Among persons

under 18 years of age, speech impairments were quite

prevalent, along with the three categories mentioned above.

Deformities or orthopedic impairments, hearing impairments and visual impairments were also the most frequently reported for both sexes, white and black persons

and persons in the 18-44 years and 45-64 years age groups.

Among the older persons, 65-74 ~ears and ‘5 years and

over, deafness and other hearing impairments were
4 advancedata

reported most frequently. The rates of hearing impairments

were higher among men than women and higher among

white persons than black persons.

The nervous system and sense organ conditions reported most frequently were migraine lheadache, 7.7 million; tinnitus, 5.8 million; other headache, 53 million; and

cataracts, 5.2 million. Among persons under 18 years and

18-44 years of age, migraine headache and other headaches

were reported most frequently. Tinnitus and migraine

headache were the conditions reported most frequently for

persons 45-64 years of age; however, cataracts and tinnitus

had the highest rates among persons 65-74 years and 75

years of age and over. Tinnitus and color blindness were the

conditions of highest prevalence among males and migraine

headache was by far the most prevalent condition among

females. The rates for both migraine headache and other

headache among females were more than double the rates

reported among males. However, males were 10 times

more likely to report color blindness conditions than were

females. Among both white persons and black persons,

migraine headache was the highest nervous system and

sense organ condition in prevalence.

Selected skin and subcutaneous

tissue and musculosketetal system

and connective tissue conditions

Prevalence estimates and rates for chronic conditions

of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and musculoskeletal

system and connective tissue for all persons and rates per

1,000 persons by sex, race, and age group are shown in

table 7. Dermatitis was the most frequently reported condition of skin and subcutaneous tissue, with an annual

prevalence of 9.0 million conditions. Ingrown nails, corns

and calluses, and acne were also frequently reported with

an annual 5.0, 4.8, and 4.6 million conditions, respectively.

Among persons under 18 years and 18-44 years, the highest

rates of prevalence were reported for dermatitis and acne.

In the age group 45-64 years, corns and calluses were the

most frequently reported condition followed by dermatitis.

The older persons 65-74 years and 75 years and over

reported corns and calluses and ingrown nails most frequently. Dermatitis was the most prevalent skin condition

for both males and females, although the rate among

females was higher than that reported among males. Dermatitis also had the highest reported rate amcmg white

persons. However, corns and calluses were report~d highest

amcmg the black persons.

Arthritis was by far the most frequently reported condition of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue,

with an annual prevalence of 30.3 million conditions. It was

the most prevalent condition for both males andl females,

white persons and black persons, and all age groups except

persons under 18 years of age, for whom very few musculoskeletal system conditions were reported.

Selected endocrine, nutritional and

metabolic disease and immunity

disorders, diseases of the blood and

blood forming organs, and

genitourinary conditions

Table 8 contains prevalence estimates and rates per

1,000 persons for selected endocrine, nutritional atndmetabolic disease and immunity disorders, diseases of the blood

and blood forming organs, and genitourinary conditions for

all persons, and rates per 1,000 persons by sex, race, and

age groups. These individual systems will be discussed

together because they do not include many conditions.

Diabetes was the most frequently reported condition

among these groups with an annual prevalence of 5.9

million conditions. Anemias, other diseases of the thyroid,

and gout were also relatively high in prevalence with 3.5,

2.5, and 2.3 million conditions, respectively, reported yearly. Among persons under 18 years and 18-44 years of age,

anemias were reported most frequently. Diabetes was the

most prevalent condition reported among perscms 45-64

years, 65-74 years, and 75 years of age and over, among

both males and females, and among both white and black

persons. The diabetes rate per 1,000 persons was much

higher for black persons than for white persons, 37.1 to

24.3.

The population figures used in computing rates in this

report are found in table 9.
advancedata 5

1

2

High blood pressure (hypertension)

4

......,..................................%.,%%..%w...w.w.+ .,. ..%..*,*.+.*.*.,..,$ .*...,.*.,.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . ...0.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deformities or orthopedic impsirmenta

5

........................................

Q

u

g 6

m>

~

n 7 Ham-tdisease

~

<

8

~

Chronic bronchitis

2

c1 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hemorrhoids

e

.......................................

0

~

-0

c

10

8

11 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12 Blindness and other visual impairments

13 Migraine headache

14 Varicose veins of lower extremities

. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 Diabetes

I

J I I 1 I

o 10 20 30 40 50

Percent ever hospitalized for condition

Figure. Selected chronic conditions with highest prevalence, in rank order. by porcant ●var hospitallzod for tho condition: United States.

1983-85
6 advancedata

References

National Center for Health Statistics, M.G. Kovar, and G. S. Poe.

1985. The National Health Intemiew Survey design, 1973-84, and

procedures, 1975-83. J-7taland Heal/h Statistics. Series 1, No. 18.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1320. Public Health SeMee.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics. 1986a. Current estimates

from the National Health Interview SuNey, United States, 1983.

P2al and Health Stari.wits. Series 10, No. 154. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 86-1582. Public Health Sem.ce, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics and P.W. Ries. 1986b.

Current estimates from the National Health Interview Suwey,

United States, 1984. Htal and Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 156.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1584. Public Health Service.

Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, AJ. Moss, and V.L. Parsons. 1986c. Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, United States, 1985. Vital and Health Statish.cs.

series 10, No. 160. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1588. Public

Health Semite. Washington U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics and J.G. Collins. 1986d.

Prevalence of selected chronic conditions, United States, 1979-81.

I@al and Heahh Statistics. Series 10, No. (PHS) 86-1.583. Public

Health Smvice. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office,

National Center for Health Statistics. and T. Jabine. 1987. Reporting chronic conditions in the National Health Interview Survey. A

review of tendencies from evaluation studies and methodological

test. Vitai and Health S~adsrics. Series 2, No. 105. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 87-1379. Public Health Sem”ce. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

World Health Organization. 1977. Manualof the International

Statistic! C1assiJcation of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death,

Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975. Geneva.

Symbols

- - - Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

. Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentialityy requirements
advancedata 7

Table 1. Selected chronic conditions with highest prevalence, in rank order, by sex, race, and age: United States, 1983-85

sex Race AW

Under la-44 45-64

Chronic condition

65-74 75 years

All /wscvrs’ Male Fenrab f.Wr#e Black 18 Jeers years yeeta years and over

Rank order

Chrorricslnusltis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 3

Arihrifls . . . . . . 2 5

6 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 6

Hlghblood pressure (hypertensksn) . . . . . .

1

3

1

3

1

3 4 1 4 2

Deformities or orthopedic impairments. . . . . 4 2

2

4 3

2

4 6 2

Deafness and other hearing impairments . . .

4

5 4

5

7

6

5 7 10 7

Hay fever or allergic rhhitii without

5 4 3

asttrma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 5 8 5 1 3 7

Heartdwease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 6 7 6 9 6

CtrronicbronchRii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 4

10 6 8 10 2 10

Hemorrhoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 9 9- 5 6

Dermalih. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

10 10 5 9

Blindness andothervisuei impairments. . . . 8

MlgraineheadaChe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

10 8

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4

Dlabeles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chronic dlse=eoftonstis andadanokfs. . . .

9 10 7

7

Acne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Varkose veins oflowerexfremitii . . . . . . .

Cataracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-

Tmrrftus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 5

Hardeningofthesrteries . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

Conslipatiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

10

%wludesrss esoherthsnwNtemsl bkck.

Table 2. Selected chronic conditions causing highest percent of

Iimitation inactivity, in rank order, and percentofpersons with

conditions who are limited inactivity United Statesjl 983-85

Percent of

pWS’OllS wifh

Iirrrflatbrr of

ChrvniccondWorr Rank actwuy

Mental retardatbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.6

Multtplesclerosfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; 76.8

Malignant neoplesmsoflungandbronchus. . . . 3 66.2

Parslysls ofextremfties, completeorpartiei . . . . 4 59.8

Paralysis, complete orpartial, o!hersites. . . . . . 5 50.4

Intervertebral discdkorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 48.8

Malignant neoplasms of stomach, Intesflnes,

colon, andreclum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 48.6

Epilepsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 46.7

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 42.5

Pneumoconlosfsandesbestosia . . . . . . . . . . . 10 38.2

Cerebrovasculardmasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 37.6

Diabetes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 35.5
Table 3. Average annual number of selected chronic circulatory system conditions and rates par 1,000 persons, by age, sex, and race: United States, 1983-85

Age sex Race

Number

Of corrd//brrs Under 18 18-44 45-64 65-74 75 years

Chroric clrculatcfy condilkwr /n thousands’ All ages years years years years and over Male Female Whtte Black

Heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hearfrhylhm disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tachycardia orrapkf heart. . . . . . . . . . . .

Heartmurrnurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher and unspeciled heart rhylhm

disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cwrgenilalheartdkseasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher seleclad dtseases of the hearl (excludes

hyperfenslon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rheumalk fever wlthorwllhout heart dkeasa. . .

H@htXood pressure (hyparfensbn). . . . . . . . .

Cerebrovasculardisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hardenlngofthearleries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aneurysm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phlebfiis, lhrombophlebtfls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Varkosaveinsoflowerexfremlfkas. . . . . . . . . .

Hemorrttokis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PO.xclrculalWr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,259

6,864

7,498

1,939

4,106

1,451

711

4,088

1,494

26,594

2,531

3,127

261

928

7,055

10,467

I,m

Rate per l,OW parsons

83.2 21.4 37.6 136.5 280.6 339.2 79.5 86.6 68.0 56.1

30.1 ● - 3.1 64.1 147.1 140.3 35.2 25.3 33.1 12.6

32.4 17.0 25.8 40.7 70.7 92.9 25.1 39.1 34.3 22.4

6.4 ●0.9 5.0 15.1 26.2 28.6 5.8 10.7 9.1 4.4

17.7 15.6 17.4 16.9 23.0 28.8 14.0 21.2 18.3 15.5

6.3 ●0.5 3.5 6.6 21.5 33.6 5.3 7.2 6.9 ●2.5

3.1 3.1 2.7 3.0 ●3.6 ●5.3 2.9 3.2 3.2 ●1.7

17.6 ●1.3 6.0 28.7 69.2 100.6 16.2 19.0 17.4 21.4

6.5 *1. i 5.5 12.9 127 10.6 5.1 7.7 6.9 4.8

123.5 2.3 61.6 264.5 407.9 395.3 108.7 137.3 121.8 146.3

10.9 ●0.4 1.9 16.9 44.1 63.8 11.7 10.2 10.8 13.4

13.5 ● - ●O.4 19.8 68.6 110.5 14.0 13.0 14.8 6.4

1.1 ●O.1 ●o.1 ●1.2 6.4 8.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 ●0.9

4.0 ●o.1 2.5 7.7 129 12.9 2.3 5.6 4.3 3.1

30.5 ●0.4 24.0 56.4 74.2 87.0 12.7 47.0 32.8 17.8

45.2 ●o.9 63.3 74.3 76.6 56.6 42.1 48.1 48.3 28.5

4.3 ● - 1.5 7.4 16.7 25.2 3.3 5.3 4.0 7.2

llncludear=es otlmrttwnwhite srdbhwk.

Table 4. Average annual number of selected chronic respiratory system conditions and rates per 1,000 parsons, bysge, sex,and race: United States, 1983-85

Age sex Race

Number

ofcorrdilbns Under 18 18-44 45-64 65-74 75 yams

Chmrrb respkatory corrdflbn b-rtfroueands~ All agee years w Yeats pals and over Male Female WrHe Black

Rale per I,WM persons

Chronkbronchffts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,135 46.1 54.7 39.3 50.2 67.1 52.2 39.2 56.4 50.9 34.7

Emphy?4ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088 9.1 ● -< 1.3 19.1 45.6 37.2 13.1 5.3 9.9 4.4

Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,695 37.1 45.1 33.8 32.1 46.9 25.5 34.6 39.5 37.3

Hayfeveror allergk rhlnflkswllhoul $.slhma . . . .

39.8

20,007 68.4 55.7 112.2 86.6 84.2 51.6 82.2 90.4 68.7 65.6

Nasal polyps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 3.6 2.2 3.7 5.2 ●4.6 ●3. 1 4.0 3.2 3.6

Chronic sinustfls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.0

31,162 134.6 51.9 160.0 181.1 186.6 143.6 116.8 151.2 140.5 107.9

DeWeledneS@SSptUm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 5,2 *0.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 *7.2 5.8 4.7 6.0 ●0.7

Chronkdisease oftonslls andadenokfs. . . . . . 3,188 13.7 28.8 12.0 1.9 ●2O ●0.6 10.6 16.4 14.4 10.7

Chronklaryngflis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,265 5.5 3.3 6.4 5.3 ●3.7 2.4 8.3 5.9 3.4

Pleurisy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 3.6 ●0.3 z 6.4 6.3 ●3.O 2.4 4.7 4.0

Pneumoconkosls andasbaslosls. . . . . . . . . . .

●1.O

359 1.6 ● - 0.9 2.4 6.9 ●4.9 2.9 ‘0.3 1.6

Malignant naoplasms oflung and bronchus. . . .

*1.O

211 0.9 ● - ‘0.2 1.8 ●3. 1 ●5.9 1.1

Ofherdseasesoflhelung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.6 1.0 ●0.3

1,130 4.9 4.4 3.5 5.9 10.3 ●7.3 5.3 4.5 5.1 3.9

?rwludesracea otherlhanwhite andb+ack
Table 5. Average annual number of selected chronic digestive system conditions and rate$ per 1,000 persons, by age, sex, and race: Unitad States, 1983-85

Age sex Race

Number

of condrlbns Under 18 18-44 45-64 65-74 75 years

Chronk d@eslh@corrdtbrr In thousands’ All .3(x?s wars Yaws years years and over Male Female W7rHe Black

Gallbladder scones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Liver diseases including ckrhosfs. . . . . . . . . . .

Ulcer, gaslrlc, duodenal and/of peplic . . . . . . .

}Icrnla 01 abdominal crwrfy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D!seaseoflh eesophagus, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gasbilfs andduodenifls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indigeslkm and o!her Iunclbnal disorders

of the stomach and digeslfve system. . . . . . .

Enterlfisand colitfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SpmWccolon . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diverfkula oflntesllne!j . . . . . . . . . ,,, ..,..

Conslipatbn .,.......,.,..,,, .,, ,,.

Other stomach and Intestinal disorders. . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms of slomach, WMrres,

colmr, andreclum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%cludes rac~ olherlhanwhile andblink

Rale par l,rWO parsons

974 4.2 *O. 1 2,9 7.8 11.3

620 2.7

15.1

+0.3 2.2

2.4 5.9

5.3 7.1

4.3 3.8

*2.8

4,461 19.3

3.3

19.6

●2.7

35.2 35.6

4,9f 2 21.2

31.1

:: 9.3

18,8 1:;

40.9 73.3

lx

72.3

16.7

496 2.1 ●0.2 1.0

w. 1

4.4

?04

6.3

23.1 11.8

2,737 11.8

8.5

2.9 10.5

1.5 2.8 40.1

20.7 22.3 23.6 9.3 14.1 1: 12.1

5,910 25.5 2.3 27.8 37.9

2,391

52.0

10.3

50.9

4.3 9.8

28.5

14.4

24.7

21.2

28.5

18.8

21.0

1,321 5.7 ●0.2 5.8

6.9

10.9

13.5 11.1

9.9

5.3

1,881

9.3 2.1 9.1 6.5 ●0.9

● - 1.5 15.4 38.1

4,349 1::

45.4

6.0 12.6

4.1 11.9 ●1.O

21.6 44.6

2,134

103.4

9.2 3.5 8.9

9.3

11.6

?7.6

14.6

lU

28.9

22.9

7.6 10.5 9.2 6.9

249 1.1 ● - +0. 1 2.3 ●4.2 ●7.O 0.9 1,2 1.1 ●0.5
Table 6. Average annual number of selected impSlrmentS and chronic conditions of the nervous system and sense organs and rates per 1,000 persons, by age, sex, and

race: United States, 1983-85

Age Sex

Number

Race

of conditions Under 18 18-44 45-64 65-74

Impairment and crrrvnk condtibn /n fhousendsf All agas

75 years

years years years years and over Male Female Whlfe Black

Rate par I,IXM persons

Impairment

Blindness and other visual Impairments . . . . . .

Dealness and other hearing Impalrmenls . . . . .

Speech impakments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Impalrmerd of sensal!on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Menlrdrelardalkm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Absenc8 of exlremtfles (excludes absence

of fingers ortoesonly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Absence ofupperexlremHies . . . . . . . . . . .

Absence ofloweretiremfi@s. . . . . . . . . . . .

Absence of lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Absence of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Absence of breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Absence of bone, loint, muscle, orexlremHy . . .

Absence oftlpsof fingers, toes. . . . . . . . . . . .

Paralysis ofexlremnk?s, complete orpatild . . . .

Paralysis ofexlremfl@s, complete. . . . . . . . .

Paralysesofextremfi%pa flksl. . . . . . . . . . .

Paralysrsof, olhersile, compleleorpaftW. . . . .

Delormtfles ororfhoFWfk lmpalrmenls, total. . . .

Deformtlies or orthopedic Impakrnents

of back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcformtth?sor orthopedic Impakmenls of

upparextremfl~s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deformities or orfhopedk Impairments of

Iowerexlremflias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other deformities or

orthopedic lmpakments. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cleftpalate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CondHkmsof nervous system

and sense organs

Glaucoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calaracls . . . . . . . . ..e... . . . . . . . . . . .

colorblindness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DisCaSeSOfrelina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tlnmfus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Epilepsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Migralneheadache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other headache (excludes tensbn headache) . .

Mulfiplesclerosb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,172

21,028

2,360

747

1,088

1,794

1,194

600

lee

598

1,024

461

402

1,452

650

602

224

27,954

14,065

3,106

10,459

322

164

1,709

5,220

2,499

783

5,780

1,043

7,739

5,328

151

35.3

90.8

10.2

3.2

4.7

7.7

5.2

2.6

0.9

2.6

4.4

2.0

1.7

6.3

2.6

3.5

1.0

120.7

60.7

13.4

45.2

1.4

0.7

7.4

22.5

10.8

3.3

24.9

4.5

33.4

23.0

0.7

10.1

20.6

17.2

‘0.2

9.9

●I .0

‘0.8

“0.3

=-

●O.5

● -

●O.3

●O.5

2.4

‘0.2

2.2

●0.2

34.9

11.3

2.0

21.0

‘o. 5

+0.9

‘0.5

●1.O

3.5

●0.3

+0.9

5.0

10.0

7.7

● -

299

51.1

6.3

2.5

3.4

5.1

3.4

1.7

*0.S

2.0

‘0.6

1.1

2.0

3.2

1.3

2.0

●0.7

131.2

71.4

13.3

45.2

1.3

*0.6

1.8

2.3

13.1

1.5

14.7

4.8

49.4

30.2

●0.7

46.4

149.1

9.1

5.2

2.3

14.8

10.2

4.6

1.8

5.1

10.6

2.7

2.0

9.7

5.4

4.3

●1.6

175.4

91.1

20.6

61.6

2.1

+0.7

10.2

20.2

14.2

4.4

45.4

3.7

41.3

2e.3

*1.5

71.6

260.8

11.0

8.1

0.8

22.3

13.8

6.4

*3.5

5.9

16.6

7.1

●Z8

17.7

9.4

8.3

*2.6

100.6

90.0

25.9

72.8

‘2.0

*0.5

33.1

97.5

14.6

11.7

eo.7

5.1

22.0

22.6

●0.2

136.3

380.9

6.2

13.0

●1.3

20.8

13.4

●7.3

●2.9

●4.6

21.8

10.1

*4. 1

26.3

12.1

14.2

●2.5

197.8

63.3

33.0

77.8

*3.7

‘0.8

49.9

241.4

12.5

21.2

75.9

●1.8

*7.7

21.6

●0.9

44.4

105.9

13.7

3.3

6.3

12.7

9.0

3.8

1.3

2.4

‘0.3

1.6

3.0

7.3

3.3

4.0

0.9

116.7

51.7

15.8

47.8

1.4

●0.7

8.5

14.9

20.4

2.6

24.1

4.9

18.0

14.5

●0.4

26.8

76.7

6.9

3.1

3.2

3.1

1.6

1.5

‘0.4

2.7

8.3

2.4

‘0.6

5.3

2.3

3.0

1.0

!24.5

69.2

11.2

42.7

1.4

0.7

6.2

2e.7

1.6

4.0

25.6

4.1

47.9

30.9

0.9

38.3

97.0

9.1

3.6

4.0

8.0

5.5

2.5

1.0

2.7

4.9

2.1

2.0

6.2

2.8

3.4

0.8

124.3

63.5

14.3

45.2

1.3

0.6

7.2

23.9

11.9

3.6

26.4

4.1

34.6

23.1

0.7

30.2

53.1

16.2

●1.1

10.0

6.9

3.1

3.8

‘0.3

‘1.6

‘1.7

●1.6

●0.3

7.6

3.4

4.2

●1.9

101.9

45.3

7.9

46.4

●2.3

●0.3

6.9

14.6

4.0

●1.2

17.0

7.2

26.9

21.6

●0.3

%.cludesracesotk-?r Ihanwhiteandblffik
Table 7. Average annual number of selected chronic conditions of tie skin and su~umneous tissue and of the musouloskeletal system and connective tfssue and rates

per 1,000 persons, by age, sex, and race: United States, 1983-85

Age Sex Race

Number

of Commkrrrs Under 18 18-44 45G4 G5-74 75 years

Chronb condilbrr In Ihousandsl All ages years years years years and over Male Female Whte Black

Rate oar 1.cXX3oetsorrs

Condilionof skinand suhutanaous l~sue

Sebaceousskincysl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Psorlasls< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dermalilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dry(Nching )skln,no teIssrwhor eclasslf W.. . . .

Chronkulcerofskln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ingrownnalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cornsandcalluses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Banlgnneoplasmsofthe skin.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant naoplasmsoftheskln. . . . . . . . . . .

Conditbn of musculoskelelal system

and connective tissue

Arthrlls . . . . . . . . . . .

Rheumatkm,unspacifk ?d ::::””... ““””””’o” . . . . . . . .

Sciatka (including lumbago) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intervertebral dkcdlsorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f30ne spur or lendirdlls, not olhenvke specfied. .

Dlsordersofboneorcarlilage . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bunions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bursilts, nolelsewhereclasslfbd. . . . . ., . . . .

1,563

4,608

2,166

8,977

4,0?0

211

5,023

4,828

704

1,287

30,318

1,?;

3,927

1,723

1,254)

2,318

4.684

6.8

19.9

9.4

38.6

17.4

0.9

21.7

20.9

3.0

5.6

130.9

2.2

5.1

17.0

7.4

5.4

10.0

20.2

1.9

26.7

2.4

40.2

8.6

●O,1

7,3

●1.2

●1.2

●O.1

2.3

*o. 1

*-

●0.2

●0.7

1.9

●0.6

●0.5

2E

6.6

41.6

17.5

●0.5

21.2

17.8

3.0

1.7

52.4

1.2

lE

6.1

3.0

6.6

15.3

9.2

3.1

14.8

34.6

21.3

+1.2

28.9

37.3

4.2

12,0

279.4

4.5

9.3

37.7

16.1

7.6

19.4

47.5

6.9

●1.O

23.4

29.9

31.9

●1.5

40.3

43.6

5.6

21.9

459.7

5.9

16.3

36.1

15.7

15.1

24.7

428

●5.8

● -

+1.8

32.9

29.9

8.1

63.6

63.2

“5.0

225

54)7.7

10.0

11.2

16.2

11.6

24.3

35.5

34.4

7.3

le.2

9.6

30,4

15.2

Iz

14.7

2.6

7.1

95.2

1.8

3.5

16.9

6.0

3.6

3.6

16.7

6.2

21.5

9.2

46.6

1!3.4

1.1

23.7

27.1

3.4

4.1

164.3

2.6

6.6

15.2

6.8

7.1

15.8

23.5

2E

10.5

40.3

16.1

1.0

227

19.6

3.4

6.5

135.6

2.2

5.7

18.0

6.5

5,9

10.1

21.6

●1.9

15.7

●2,6

28.5

13.2

*0.6

f7.o

32.2

●0.9

*-

15.3

●1.7

●1.7

12.2

$’1.4

●2.6

11.1

12.3

%cludes rams ohm then wlite and bkck
Table 8. Average annual number of selected chronic endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders; diseases of the blood and blood forming

organs; and genitourinary conditions, and rates per 1,000 persons, by age, sex, and race: United states, 1983-85

Age

Number

sax Race

of condmons Under 18 18-44 4564 65-74 75 years

Chronh condtilon h fhotrsarrds’ All ages years years years years and over Male Female Wh/fe Black

Rate per 1,0# pemorrs

Endocrine, nulrilional, and metabolic

disease arm immuniy disorder

Gout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GOfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other diseases of the thyrotd . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of the blood and

blood forming organs

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genitourlnary condifiins

Kdneyslones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kklneylnfectkxw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other kkfneytroubiei notelsevfhere ciassflbd . .

Bladderinfecliorrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherdisorders ofbladder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesofpros!ale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inflammidory dlscase of femaiegenifal organs. .

NoninflrimmaloIydisease offemalegerdfal

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Menstruaidisorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other diseases of female genffalorgens . . . . . .

Female troubfe, notofhenvkespacfkd . . . . . .

Ma~gnant rreoplasmofbreasl . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm of female genifal organs. . .

Ma~gnanl neoplasm ofproslala . . . . . . . . . . .

Benignneoplasmofbreast . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Benfgnneoplasm of female genlaf organs . . . .

Ilmludesrac=ollwr Ihsnwhlteandblesk

2,289 9.9 ● - 3.4 21.5 39.1 35.5 13.6 6.4 9.7 12.5

440 1.9 *o. 1 1.5 4.1 ‘3. 1 ●5.4 ●o.4 3.3 2.0 ‘1.5

2,632 10.9 ●1.O 8.9 22.0 23.7 23.4 2.7 18.6 11.6 7.3

5,933 25.6 1.7 9.0 54.4 97.9 91.8 22.3 28.7 24.3 37.1

3,482 15.0 9.6 i7.1 14.9 17.0 28.7 4.8 24.6 14.1 24.1

1,037 4.5 *0.4 3.8 10.1 8.6 *5.4 5.4 3.6 4.7 3.1

1,364 5.9 2.0 7.3 72 54 11.4 1.5 10.0 6.0 5.8

1,022 4.4 3.7 3.0 6.2 10.6 17.2 3.4 5.4 4.1 7.2

1,6sMf 8.2 2.2 9.9 10.5 9.5 16.1 1.5 14.4 8.9 4.1

1,979 6.5 1.9 6.6 11.0 22.1 35.7 3.8 13.0 6,4 9.6

1,218 5.3 ● - 2.4 9.5 19.5 24.4 10.9 . . . 5.7 3.2

425 1.8 ●0.2 3.6 ‘0.6 ●1.3 ●1.1 . . . 3.5 1.9 ●1.6

1,020 4.4 +0.2 &5 3.0 ●2. 1 ●0.4 . . . 8.5 4.8 3.7

1,513 6.5 2.0 12.3 4.0 ‘0.2 +-

. . . 12.6 6.6 6.9

2,096 9.1 3.3 14.2 7.9 ●4.3 ●7.O . . . 17.5 9.3 6.5

199 0.9 ● - 1.5 ●0.6 ●1.3 ● -

. . . 1.7 0.8 ●1.O

451 1.9 ● - ●O.5 4.4 7.4 6.2 . . . 3.8 2.0 ●1.3

165 0.8 ●O.1 1.1 *1.2 ●1.O ●0.4 . . . 1.5 0.8 ●0.6

95 0.4 ● - ● - +0.5 ●2.4 ●3.3 0.8 . . . ‘0.3 ●0.9

98 0.4 ● - ●O.5 ‘0.4 +0.7 +1,7 . . . 0.6 0.5 ●O.1

511 2.2 ● - 3.3 3.8 ●O.7 *0.3 . . . 4.3 2.2 2.9
advancedata 13

Table 9. Population used in computing rates shown in this report

by age, sex, and race: United States, 1983-85

Age, sax, and race /%7@S!i011 h thousands

All~rsonst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age

Under 18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-44 yesm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-&4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 yeafs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75years end over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race

Wake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231.5.50

62,651

98,120

44,323

16,341

10,115

111.799

119,751

197,875

27,734

‘Imludesrace$ otherthmwhile andblmck
14 advancedata

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

cent inuous, cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted

by household interview. Each week a probability sample of

households in the civilian noninstitutionalized population of

the United States is interviewed by personnel of the U.S.

Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the health

and other characteristics of each member of the household.

A description of the survey design, methods used in estimation, and general qualifications of the NHIS data is provided in Cun-ent Estimates From the National Health

Intcn’iew) Survey, 1983, 1984 and 1985 (NCHS, 1986a,

19S6b, and 198Gc).

The NHIS sample for the 3 years 1983-85 was composed of about 117,000 eligible households, containing

approximately 303,000 persons living at the time of interview. The total nonintemiew rate for the NHIS was about

3.7 percent.

A description of the survey design, methods used in

estimation, and general qualifications of NHIS data were

published previously (NCHS, 1985). Because the estimates

shown in this report are based on a sample of the population rather than on the entire population, they are subject

to sampling error. Sampling errors for most of the estimat es are relatively low, However, where an estimated

number, or the numerator or denominator of a rate or

percent is small, the sampling error maybe large.

The relatively small size of the sample for the chronic

condition lists, one-sixth of the total sample per year, limits

the number of variables with which the data can be effectively analyzed.

An asterisk is placed beside certain figures to indicate

more than 30-percent relative standard error. Figures

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

marked with an asterisk are given primarily to allow the

reader to combine them with related estimates, thereby

possibly producing a more reliable overall estimate for a

broader category.

In this report, terms such as “similar” and “the same”

mean that no statistically significant difference exists between the statistics being compared. Terms relating to

difference (for example, “greater” or “less”) indicate that

differences are statistically significant. The t-test, with a

critical value of & 1.96 (0.05 level of significance), w7asused

to test all comparisons discussed. Lack of comment regarding the difference between any two statistics does not mean

that the difference was tested and found to be not significant.

Approximate e standard errors for estimates in this report are shown in table I.

Table L Standard errors for numbers of chronic conditions:

United States, 1983-85

Standarderrors

Number of conditions In Mrousends h thousands

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9

100.................................. 26.8

503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9

I,ooo................................. 64.7

5,000 . . . . . .. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.3

Io,ooo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.6

20,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...? . . . . . . . . . . 386.8

30,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476.7

Note: Tabk I show stmdard enors associated with various rwmbem of chronic cordtions. To

aatimata standard errors for rates of chronic conditions par 1,000 Ppulal ion, the rales nwst

ba corwancd 10 rumbem d mmlitions by rrultiplying tha rate by the base papulaiiur 10 which

it ap@iea and dividing We radt by 1,CU3. For instame, We rate of chronic bronchitis in the

white ,cqxlation is 53.9 par 1,000 persons. This yields an est!mated 10,072,020 cases of

chronk bnxchtis e.rrmng white inid!viduals (50.9 X 197,875,000/1,000). Tlws, the standard

error lies between 270,600 and 3.96S0 cases. Expressed as a percentage of the base

mtmbar or rote, the atardard arm MS between 2.7 parcenf (270,690/10,072,CCO)and 3.8

prcerl @-%s03/10,0?2,030). likewise, to estimate stardard errors for the percent of chronic

conditions rasulting in hospitahralion or restricted actkity, the mxnber of conditions with those

rasufts rrust bs calculated by multiplying the percent times the base mmber of ccmd,tions to

which k refars. The standard error then can ba estimated using table 1, as in the preced!ng

examc.b.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 156 ● May 24, 1988

Utilization of Short-Stay Hospitals by Patients With AIDS:

United States, 1984-86

by Edmund J. Graves, Division of Health Care Statistics

Introduction

The number of cases of squired immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS) reported to the Centers for Disease

Control (CDC) has increased each year since 1984. In

1984,4,445 cases of AIDS were reported to CDC, in 1985,

8,249 new cases were reported, an increase of 86 percent.

In 1986, 12,932 new cases of AIDS were reported, an

increase of 57 percent from 1985 (CDC, 1986).

During 1986 an estimated 37,000 patients with AIDS

were discharged from short-stay non-Federal hospitals

(table 1). These patients were hospitalized an average of

16.2 days per episode and used 606,000 days of inpatient

hospital care. This is the third year that records have been

available on AIDS patients, and each year has shown a

substantial gain in the number of AIDS discharges. In 1984

there were about 10,000 AIDS discharges; in 1985 this

figure rose to 23,000-an increase of about 122 percent. In

1986 the number of AIDS discharges rose to 37,000-an

increase of 66 percent from 1985. Thus during the period

1984-86, 70,000 patients were discharged with a diagnosis

of AIDS. These patients used more than 1 million days of

hospital care.

The statistics presented in this report are based on data

collected by means of the National Hospital Discharge

Survey (NHDS), a continuous survey that has been

conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS) since 1965. The data for the survey are obtained

from a sample of short-stay general and specialty hospitals

located in the United States. Approximately 192,000 abstracts of medical records were obtained from 407 participating hospitals in 1984, and 195,000 abstracts were

supplied by 414 hospitals in 1985. In 1986, 193,000 abstracts were supplied by 418 hospitals. A detailed report on

the design of NHDS was published in 1970 (NCHS, 1977).

The NHDS diagnostic data were coded according to

the Intemti.ond Ciassij7cation of Diseases, 9ih Revision,

Clinical Modific@on, or ICD-9-CM (Public Health Service

and HeaIth Care Financing Administration, 1980). Only the

433 records having a specific diagnosis of MDS were

included in this analysis. (See the Technical notes for

specific ICD-9-CM codes used.) Unless the year is specified, data in this report are for the 3 years of data combined

because of the relatively small number of cases in the

sample. In addition, comparisons are made in this report

with NHDS estimates of general hospital utilization for

1984-86. These estimates have been published elsewhere

(NCHS, 1986,1987, 1988). In NHDS, the unit of analysis is

the hospital discharge, not the individual. Individuals may

have one or more hospital episodes during a year. In this

report, the terms “discharge” and “patient” are used interchangeably.

Table 1. Selected measures of hospital utilization for patients discharged from short-stay non-Federal hospitals with the diagnosis of

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): United States, 1984-66

Measure Of U!ili.?titknl 1.964 198s l$W

Numberofpatkmls dischargedlnthou~ds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rateof patientdischargesper 10,OW popula!bn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 23 37

Numberofdaysof cwelnthou$$nds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.4 1.0 1.6

606

Rateofdays ofcareper lO,ooa~pulefbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123

Averagelength ofsteyindays. ..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2 IE

12.1

25.3

17.1 16.2

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advanc~ata

Highlights

●

●

●

●

●

There were approximately 37,000 discharges for AIDS

in 1986. This number is more than 200 percent greater

than the 10,000 discharges recorded in 1984.

About three-fourths of all discharges for AIDS were in

the West and Northeast Regions.

For about 23 percent of all patients with AIDS discharged from short -stay hospitals, Medicaid was the

expected source of payment.

About 18 percent of all patients with AIDS died in

short-stay hospitals however, less than 1 percent of all

male patients 25-44 years of age died during a hospitalization.

Of the 70,000 patients having at least one diagnosis for

AIDS, 22,000 had pneumocystosis as one of their

diagnoses.

Utilization

Patient and hospital characteristics

The number of discharges, days of care and average

length of stay of patients with AIDS for 1984-86 are

provided in table 2. Of the estimated 70,000 discharges, 95

percent were males and 79 percent were 25-44 years of age.

Of the 56,000 AIDS patients 25-44 years of age, 20 percent

were 25-29 years of age, 32 percent were 30-34 years, 27

percent were 35-39 years, and 21 percent were 40-44 years.

Most of the remaining 14,000 patients were 45 years of age

and over.

Approximately 77 percent of hospitalizations for AIDS

were in the West and Northeast Regions (table 3). Fortytwo percent were in the West and 35 percent in the

Northeast. Among all patients, only about 40 percent were

discharged from. these two regions, 20 percent from the

Northeast Region and 18 percent from the West Region.

The two most commonly mentioned principal expected

sources of payment for AIDS patients were private insurance and Medicaid. Approximately 54 percent of hospital

patients with AIDS indicated private insurance as the

principal source of payment, and 23 percent indicated

Medicaid. These figures were significantly different from

the distribution for all patients under 65 years of age. A

higher proportion (64 percent) of the total discharges

under 65 years of age indicated private insurance as the

principal source of payment, and a lower proportion listed

Medicaid (13 percent).

Patients hospitalized for AIDS and all patients discharged from short-stay hospitals were equally IIikely to

have been discharged from nonprofit hospitals. Approximately 71 percent of those hospitalized for AIDS and 69

percent of all hospitalized patients were discharged from

nonprofit hospitals. Of the remaining AIDS patients, 26

percent were discharged from government hospitals while

21 percent of all patients were discharged from government

hospitals.

Persons with AIDS were more likely to be hospitalized

in larger hospitals (300 beds or more) than in hospitals

having less than 300 beds. About 82 percent of AIDS

patients, but only 48 percent of all patients, were discharged from hospitals with 300 beds or more.

A larger proportion of AIDS discharges (25 :percent)

than of total discharges (15 percent) were for patients with

race listed as other than white.

As expected, a large number of AIDS hospitalizations

were terminated by the patient dying in the hospital. Approximately 18 percent of AIDS hospitalizations ended

with the death of the patient. In comparison, less than 1

percent of all male hospitalizations in the age group 25-44

years ended in the patient’s death.

Diagnosis

Approximately 70,000 of the 106 million patients discharged from short-stay non-Federal hospitals during the

period 1984-86 had at least one diagnosis of AIDS. Of

these discharges, AIDS was the first-listed or principal

diagnosis for 26,000 (37 percent). The only significant

Table 2. Number and percent distribution of discharges ●nd of days of care and average length of stay for patients 25-45 years and over

discharged from non-Federal short-stay hospitals with the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Al DS) by sex and age:

United States, 1984-86

Dscharges Days of care

Number in Percent Number in Percent

Sax end age

Average length

ttrouwrds distribulbrr thousands distribution ofsfay m days

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age

Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45years anci over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70

66

●

*

11

18

15

12

11

100.0

94.5

●

*

16.0

25.4

21.2

16.7

15.8

1,116

1,051

●

16;

312

256

155

174

100.0

94.1

●

*

15.1

28.0

23.1

13.9

15.6

15.9

15.8

●

●

15.0

17,5

17.4

13.3

15.7
advancedata 3,

Table 3. Number and percent di~tribution of discharges and days of care for Patients with acquired irnrnunodeficiencysyndrome (AIDS),

percent distribution of discharges and days of care for all patients, and average length of stay for Al DS patients by selected

characteristics: United States, 1984-86

Discharges Days of care

Patients with AIDS f%3ti8tltSwtth AIDS

Panxvrt percent Average length

dtsfributbrr dlstribukm of stay in

Number ~ percent foralI Number h Pamant for alI days for AIDS

CharactekWcs trrouearrck+ dstributiorr patkmts thousands diskkurtiorr paikmts patients

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographh region

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal expected source

of payment’

Private insurance . . . . . .

Medicare. . . . . . . . . . .

Memcaid . . . . . . . . . . .

Allo!her . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ownership of hospital

NonproftI . . . . . . . . . . .

Propriatafy . . . . . . . . . .

Governmen t . . . . . . . .

Bad size of hosptial

Lessthan300@ds . . . .

300 bedsormore . . . . . .

Dscharge status

Alive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dead . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . .

Race

White . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notslated . . . . . . . . . .

lFofpslietisunder S5yeamcfags.

70 103.0 100.0 1,116 ltxr.o 100.0 15.9

25 35.1 20.2 505 45.3 23.9 20.5

“7 *9.7 26.2 ●114 ●10.2 27.2 +16.8

●9 ●12.7 35.3 ●141 ●12.7 33.2 *15.8

30 424 16.2 355 31.8 15.5 11.9

36 54.0 63.8 547 49.0 61.3

● ●

14.4

5.6 ● ● 6.6 ●

16 22.8 13.1 269 24.1 13.4

14

16.8

19.8 17.4 263 23.6 16.7 18.9

50 71.0 66.7 760 66.0 70.9

●

15.2

9.9 * ● 9.5 *

18 25.; 21.4 300 26.9 19.6 16.6

12 17.6 52.4 200 18.0

56

47.6

624

16.2

47.6 916 62.0 52.2 15.6

57 81.3 e6.o 624 73.8 93.6 14.4

13 17.9 2.7 27a 25.0 5.0 22.2

* ● 1.3 ● ● 1.4 ●

49 69.4 75.3 636 57.1 76.1 13.1

17 24.9 14.6 364 326

● ●

15.1 20.6

10.0 ● ● &8 *

first-listed non-AIDS diagnosisforthese patientswaspneumocystsis carinii pneumoni~ also known as PCP, which

had an estimated 11,000 first-listed diagnoses, or 16 percent of the principal diagnoses. The other principal diagnoses were divided into numerous diseases.

Approximately 258,000 additional diagnoses were

listed for patients with at least one diagnosis of AIDS

during the period 1984-86. Of these, pneumocystsis carinii

pneumonia, with 22,000 (8.5 percent), was the leading

diagnosis. In fact almost one-third of all AIDS patients had

a diagnosis of PCP. Other leading additional diagnoses for

patients with AIDS were malignant neoplasms (17,000),

anemias (16,000), and candidiasis (15,000).

Procedures

Approximately 46,000 of the AIDS discharges in lW34-

86 (66 percent) had at least one procedure performed. For

the same period, approximately 58 percent of all patients

had at least one procedure performed. Approximately

99,000 procedures were performed on patients who had at

least one diagnosis of AIDS. Of these procedures, five were

performed at least 5,000 times. These were diagnostic

procedures on the bronchus and lung (18,000); computerized a.al tomography, or CAT scan (9,000); spinal tap

(9,000); circr,datory monitoring (6,000); and puncture of

vessel (5,000).
4 advancedata

References

knerican Medical Record Association. 1983. Official authorized

errata for the Intemah”ona[ t%ssi~cah”on of Diseases, 9th Revision,

Clinical ModiJcation, (ICD-9-CM). Chicago.

Centers for Disease Control. 1986. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Repo~.

1986:35(55).

National Center for I-Ieakh Statistics, M. G. Sirken. 1967a. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, summary of ncmmedical statistics,

United States, 1965. k%al and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 2.

PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, M. J. Witkin. 1967b. Utilization of short-stay hospitals by characteristics of discharged

patients, United States, 1965. V?tal and Heal~h Wzristics. Series 13,

No. 3. PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington:

U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, W. R. Simmons and G. A.

Schnack, 1977. Development of the design of the NCHS Hospital

Discharge Survey. 14taI and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 39.

DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 77-1199. Health Resources Administration. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1986. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1984 annual summary.

V7ta/ and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 84. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 86-1745. Public Health Service. Washingtoru U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1987. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1985 annual :summary.

VtmZand Health Statktics. Series 13, No. 91. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 87-1752. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1988. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1986 annual summary.

J4ta/ and Health S~atisrics. Series 13, No. 96. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 88-1757. Public Health Setice. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

Public Health Service and Health Care Financing Admiuistration.

1980. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 80-1%0. Public Health

Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Symbols

- - - Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (more than

30-percent relative standard error)

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements
advancedata 5

Technical notes

Survey methodology

Source of data

The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) encompasses patients discharged from short-stay hospitals,

exclusive of military and Veterans Administration hospitals,

located in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Only

hospitals with six beds or more and an average length of

stay of less than 30 days for all patients are included in the

survey. Discharges of newborn infants are excluded from

this report.

The original universe of the survey consisted of 6,965

hospitals contained in the National Master Facility Inventory of Hospitals and Institutions. New hospitals were

sampled for inclusion in the survey in 1972, 1975, 1977,

1979, 1981, and 1983. In all, 553 hospitals were sampled in

1984, and 558 were sampled in 1985 and 1986. In 1984

there were a total of 407 hospitals in the sample, with 86

refusals and 60 out of scope; in 1985 there were 414

hospitals in the sample, with 62 refusals and 62 out of

scope; and in 1986 there were 418 in the sample, with 75

refusals and 65 out of scope. The number of remrds

sampled was 192,000 in 1984, 195,000 in 1985, and 193,000

in 1986.

Sample design and data collection

All hospitak with 1,000 beds or more in the universe of

short-stay hospitals were selected with certainty in the

sample. All hospitals with fewer than 1,000 beds were

stratified, the primary strata being 24 size-by-region classes.

Within each of these 24 primaq strat~ the allocation of the

hospitals was made through a controlled-selection technique so that hospitals in the sample would be properly

distributed with regard to type of ownership and geographic

division. Sample hospitals were drawn with probabilities

ranging from certainty for the largest hospitals to 1 in 40 for

the smallest hospitals. The within-hospital sampling ratio

for selecting discharges varied inversely with the probability

of selection of the hospital.

In 1985, for the first time, two data cdection procedures were used for the survey. The first was the traditional

manual system of sample selection and data abstraction.

The second involved the purchase of data tapes from

commercial abstracting services. In 1986 this automated

method was used in approximately 19 percent of the sample

hospitals.

In hospitals for which the manwd system was used,

sample discharges were seleeted using the daily listing sheet

of discharges as the sampling frame. These discharges were

selected by a random technique, usually on the basis of the

terminal digit or digits of the patient’s medical record

number. The sample selection and abstraction of data from

the face sheet and discharge summary of the medical

records were performed by the hospital staff or by representatives of the National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS). The completed forms were fotwarded to NCHS

for coding editing and weighting procedures.

For hospitals for which the automated system is used,

tapes containing machine-readable medical record data are

purchased from commercial abstracting services. These

tapes are subject to NCHS sampling, editing, and weighting

procedures. A detailed description of the automated process will be published.

The medical abstract form and the abstract service data

tapes contain items relating to the personal characteristics

of the patient, including birth date, sex, race, and marital

status but not name and address; administrative information, including admission and discharge dates, discharge

status, and medical record numbe~ and medical information, including diagnoses and surgicaI and nonsurgical operations or procedures. Since 1977, patient ZIP Code,

expected source of payment, and dates of surge~ have also

been collected. (The identification of a hospital, the medical record number, and patient ZIP Code are considered

confidential information and are not available to the

public.)

Presentation of estimates

NHDS statistics are derived by a complex estimating

procedure. The estimating procedure used to produce essentially unbiased national estimates in NHDS has three

principal components Inflation by reciprocals of the probabilities of sample selection, adjustment for nonresponse,

and ratio adjustment to f~ed totals. These components of

estimation are deseribed in appendix I of two earlier publications (NCHS, 1967a and 1967b).

Based on the complex sample design of NHDS, the

following guidelines are used for presenting NHDS estimates in this reperk

. If the sample size is less than 30, the value of the

estimate is not reported. Only an asterisk (*) is shown

in the tables.

. If the sample size is 30-59, the value of the estimate is

reported but should be used with caution. The estimate

is preceded by an asterisk (*) in the tables.

Sampling errors and rounding of numbers

The standard error is a measure of the sampling

variability that occurs by chance because only a sample,

rather than an entire universe, is surveyed. The relative

standard error of the estimate is obtained by dividing the

standard error by the estimate itself and is expressed as a

percent of the estimate. Relative standard errors for discharges are shown in table I. The relative standard errors

for days of care are shown in table II.

NOTE A list of references folknvs the text.
6 advancedata

Table L Approximate relative standard errors of estimated

numbers of discharges for selected patient and hospital

characteristics: United States, 1984-86

Number of discharges

sad Ske

50 beds All other

S/zE of edmafe Region or mom cfrsracremEs

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 14.5 11.7

10,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 11.7 8.7

15,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 10.4 7.7

20,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 9.6 7.1

30,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 8.6 6.3

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 7.6 5.5

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 6.5 4.7

Table IL Approximate relative standard errors of estimated

numbers ofdaysof care for selected patient and hospital

characteristic8 United States, 1984-66

Numbarofdaysof cam

Ail Olriw

.92a of estimate Re@n characteristks

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 19.3

20,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 15.8

30,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 14.1

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 12.2

100,00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,4 10.1

200,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 6.4

300,0C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 7.5

5oo,ocm . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 6.6

1,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 5.5

2,000,CJJ0 . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 4.6

Estimates have been rounded to the nearest thousand.

For this reason, detailed figures within tables do not always

add to the totals. Rates and average lengths of stay were

calculated from original unrounded figures and will not

necessarily agree precisely with rates or average lengths of

stay calculated from rounded data.

Tests of significance

The determination of statistical inference for this report was based on the two-tailed Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Terms relating to differences, such as

“higher” and “less;’ indicate that the differences are statistically significant. Terms such as “similar” or “no difference” mean that no statistically significant difference exists

between the estimates being compared. A lack of comment

on the difference between any two estimates does not mean

that the difference was tested and found to be not significant.

Definitions of terms

Terms relating to hospitals and hospital

characteristics

Hc@a/s-Short-stay special and general hospitals

have six beds or more for inpatient use and an average

length of stay of less than 30 days. Federal hospitals and

hospital units of institutions are not included.

Bed size of hospi(aI—Bed size is measured by the

number of beds, cribs, and pediatric bassinets regularly

maintained (set up and staffed for use) for patients; bassinets for newborn infants are not included. In this report the

classification of hospitals by bed size reported by the hospitals is based on the number of beds at or near midyear.

Type of ownership of hospital—The type of ownership is

determined by the organization that controls and operates

the hospital. Hospitals are grouped as follows:

Vohm@y nonprojit-Hospitals operated by a church or

another nonprofit organization.

Govemment-Hospitals operated by State or local governments.

Proprietary-Hospitals operated for profit by individuals, partnerships, or corporations.

Patient–A person who is formally admitted to the

inpatient service of a short-stay hospital for obsewation,

care, diagnosis, or treatment is considered a patient. In this

report the number of patients refers to the number of

discharges during the year, including any multiple discharges of the same individual from one short-stay hospital

or more. The terms “patient” and “inpatient” are used

synonymously.

Discharge-Discharge is the formal release of a patient

by a hospital, that is, the termination of a period of

hospitalization by death or by disposition to place of residence, nursing home, or another hospital. The terms “discharges” and “patients discharged” are used synonymously.

Days ofcare—The total number of patient dalys accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged from

short-stay hospitals during a year constitutes days of care. A

stay of less than 1 day (patient admission and discharge on

the same day) is counted as 1 day in the summation of total

days of care. For patients admitted and discharged on

different days, the number of days of care is computed by

counting all days from (and including) the date of admission to (but not including) the date of discharge.

Average length of stay-The average length of stay is the

total number of patient days accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged during the year divided by the

number of patients discharged.

Di.rchcwgediagnosis-One or more diseases or injuries

(or other factors that influence health status and contact

with health services but are not themselves current illnesses

or injuries) listed by the attending physician on the medical

record of patients are discharge diagnoses. In NHDS all

discharge (or final) diagnoses listed on the face sheet

(summary sheet) of the medical record for patients discharged from the inpatient service of short-stay hospitals

are transcribed in the order listed. Each sample discharge is

assigned a maximum of seven 5-digit codes according to the

ICD-9-CM. The number of principal or first-listed diagnoses is equivalent to the number of discharges.

The ICD-9-CM code used for coding the diagnosis

AIDS was 279.19 for the period 1984-86. During 1[986the

ICD-9-CM codes for AIDS were changed to 042.0, 042.1,

042.2, and 042.9 to provide expanded detail (American

Medical Record Association, 1983).

NOTE A list of references follows the text.
advanceciata 7

Principal diagnosis—The condition established after Geographic re~”on—Hospitals are classified by location

study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admis- in one of the four geographic regions of the United States

sion of the patient to the hospital for care is called the that correspond to those used by the U.S. Bureau of

principal dia~osis. Census. -

First-listed diagnosis-The coded diagnosis that is identified as the principal diagnosis or listed first on the face

sheet of the medical reeord is the first-listed diagnosis. The Region

number of first-listed diagnoses is equivalent to the number

of discharges.

Al[-listed diagnoses-All-listed diagnoses are the dis- Northeast

charge (or final) diagnoses, up to a maximum of seven,

listed on the face sheet of the medical record for inpatients

discharged from non-Federal short-stay hospitals during

the year.

Procedures—Procedures are one or more surgical or Midwest

nonsurgical operations, procedures, or speciaJ treatments

assigned by physicians to patients discharged from the

inpatient service of short-stay hospitals. In NHDS all terms

listed on the face sheet (summary sheet) of the medical

record under the captions “operation;’ “operative procedures, “ “operations and/or special treatment,” and the like South

are described in the order listed. A maximum of four

procedures are coded.

Demographic terms

Age—Patient’s age refers to age at birthday prior to

admission to the hospital inpatient service. West

Race-Patients are classified into two groups “white”

and “all other.” The all other classification includes all

categories other than white.

States included

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Rhode Island,

Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,

and Pennsylvania

Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,

Missouri, North Dakota,

South Dakota, Nebraska,

and Kansas

Delaware, Maryland, District of

Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,

Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama,

Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, and Texas

Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,

Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona,

Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon,

Califomi~ Hawaii, and Alaska
8 advancedata

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, E.J. Graves.

1988, Utilization ofshort-stay hospitals bypatiente

with AIDS: United States, 19841988. Advsrrce Data

From Vita/ and HealtJ?Statistics. No. 156. DHHS

Pub. No, (PHS) 88-1250. Public Health Service.

Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 157 ● June 13, 1988

Health of the Foreign-Born Population: United States,

1985-86

by Gerry E. Hendershot, Ph.D., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

Foreign-born persons constitute a large and growing

proportion of the U.S. population. Their origins are diverse,

but they share the common experience of having migrated

to the United States from another nation. That common

experience and the ethnic diversity it encompasses may

have implications for the health status and medieal care

utilization of the foreign-born population.

In 1985, the National Center for Health Statistics, by

means of the National Health Interview Sumey (NHIS),

began collecting information on the birthplace of adult

persons 18 years of age and over in its sample households,

making it possl%le for the f~st time to estimate a wide range

of national health statistics for the foreign-born population.

Two years of data (1985 and 1986) were combined to make

reliable estimates because the 1985 NHIS sample was only

three-fourths as large as originally planned, and the 1986

sample was only one-half as large (for budgetary reasons).

The purpose of this report is to present such estimates for

the following selected indicators of health status and health

care respondent-assessed general health; limitation of normal activities due to a chronic heahh condition; days in bed

due to health conditions; hospitalization; and physician

contacts.

Immigrants from different origins have different characteristics. The statistics in this report are for all foreignborn persons, foreign-born persons of Mexiean ethnic

origin, and foreign-born persons of all Hispanic ethnic

origins (Mexican and other Hispanic). However, reliable

estimates could not be made for foreign-born persons of

other specific ethnic origins because of the relatively small

sizes of the samples of those persons.

For comparison, health statistics also are shown for the

U.S.-born population according to Hispanic and Mexican

origin. In the discussion that follows, the focus is on two

eOmparisons— that between the total U.S.-born population

and the total foreign-born population and that between the

total U.S.-born population and the foreign-born population

of Mexiean origin. Of course, many other comparisons can

be made with the data that are presented.

Unless otherwise indicated, differences between the

U.S.-born and foreign-born populations discussed in this

report have been tested and found to be statistically significant. It should be noted that many factors affect health

status and health care. Therefore, any differences between

the U.S.-born and foreign-born populations in these respects may not be the result of differences in birthplace but

may be the result of other factors not considered here. A

brief discussion of statistical reliability and other aspects of

the NHIS design is presented in the TechnicaJ notes to this

report.

Characteristics of the foreign-born

population

Table 1 shows the number and selected soeiodemographic characteristics of the U.S.-born and the foreignborn adult, civilian noninstitutionalized populations. “U.S.

born” means born in one of the 50 U.S. States and

“foreign born” means born outside the 50 U.S. States. The

categories of birthplace do not necessarily correspond to

eategones of citizenship or legal status, for which data were

not available in the NHIS. Classification of persons as

“Hispanic” or “Mexiean” was based on responses to a

question that asked if the sample person’s national origin or

ancestry corresponded to any of those on a printed list of

Hispanic origin groups. Persons were classified as Hispanic

if their national origin or ancestry was Puerto Rican,

Cuban, Mexkadkkdcano, Chicano, other Latin

American, or other Spanish. They were further classified as

Mexican if their national origin was Mexican/Mexieano, or

Chicano. A used in this report, the term origin refers to

Hispanic or Mexiean origin as determined in this manner.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

Table 1. Number of persons 18 years of age and over and

percent distribution by age, seq education, and annual family

income, according to birthplace and Hispanic origin: United

States, 1985-86

[Data are based on household Inlerviaw of me cMlian noninstitutbneltzed

population. The survey deskgn, general qualiicatiin, and Informatbn on the

reliability o! the estiies are given in T~hnlcal notes.]

Us. tern Fore&r born

H!qenk H@erric

Characteristic Total’ Total2 Mexkxm Total1 Tdal 2 Mexkwr

Number In thousands. . . 156,5645,706 4,190 14,876 5,228 2,038

Age Percentdiatrbufion

18-44 yearn . . . . . . . . . 5s.2 75.1 77.3 59.2 69.1 76.5

45-84 years . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 19.0 17.8 24.5 21.4 16.1

65yeamand over . . . . . 15.8 5.8 5.0 16.3 9.5 7.4

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 46.6 48.9 47.5 49.3 54.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 53.4 53.1 62,5 50.7 45.7

Educatii

Less than 12 years. . . . . 23.3 32.5 36.2 35.5 52.9 73.3

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 38.6 37.4 28.2 24.2 15.8

More than 12 years. . . . . 38.8 29.0 28.4 36.3 22.9 10.9

Annual family Income

Less than $20,000 . . . . . 40.0 46.0 48.2 47.0 58.0

$2CKOJor more . . . . . . 60.0

67.0

54.0 51.8 53.0 42.0 33.0

1Includes pemons C4unkncwn Hispanic origin

‘Includes penom 54 unkncvm Mexican origin.

31ncludes pe~m with unknown education and faml~ inemne.

It should be noted that the classification of birthplace and

origin is based on information given by household

respondents.

Adjusting by the immigration that occurred in the early

1980’s, the 1985-86 NHIS estimate for the total foreignborn adult population— about 14.9 million —is consistent

with the number enumerated in the 1980 Census of Population–14.l million (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980).

For the foreign-born population of Mexican origin, however, the NHIS estimate—about 2.0 million (with a sampling

error of about 0.1 million)—is slightly lower than the

number enumerated in the 1980 census—2.2 million. Because the actual foreign-born population of Mexican origin

is believed to have increased in the early 1980’s, this

suggests that the NHIS sample underestimates that population. There is no known reason to believe, however, that

the possible underestimate crest es a bias in the health

statistics for the foreign-born population of Mexican origin

presented in this report.

Table 1 also shows that, as a whole, the foreign-born

population is similar to the U.S.-born population with

respect to age and sex distributions but differs with respect

to education and income: Compared with the U.S.-born

population, foreign-born persons are more likely to have

less than 12 years of education and more likely to have a

family income below $20,000 per year.

Comparing the U.S.-born population with the foreignborn population of Mexican origin, the only immigrant

group identified by a specific origin in this report, foreignborn persons of Mexican origin are younger, more likely to

be male, much more likely to have less than a high school

education, and more likely to have a family in~me under

$20,000. Because the foreign-born adult population, especially that of Me.xicarI origin, differs from the U.S.-born

adult population with respect to these sociodemographic

characteristics, the health statistics in tables 2-6 are stratified by these variables.

Respondent assessed health status

Table 2 shows the percent of per~ns 18 ye~s of age

and over who were reported to have been in fair or poor

health, based on answers to the question: “would you say

(the sample person’s) health is excellent, very good, good,

fair, or poor?” Overall, the foreign-born and the U.S.-born

populations were equally likely to have been in fair or poor

health—12.9 percent. However, foreign-born persons with

less than 12 years of education and those with a family

income below $20,000 were lex likely than U.S.-born

persons of similar education and income to have been in

fair or poor health.

Comparing the foreign-born population of Mexican

origin with the U.S.-born population, the same statements

can be made, but the differences are large~ that is, :foreignborn persons of Mexican origin who were less

well-educated or who had lower incomes were much less

likely than U.S.-born persons with those characteristics to

have been in fair or poor health.

Table 2. Percent of persons 18 years of age ●nd over who were

In fsir or poor health, by age, se~ education, and ●nnual family

Income, ●ccording to birthplace and Hispanic origin: United

States, 198586

[Deta are based on hwsehold lnten4awa of the cMllan noninstlkmcrmlized

population. The survey design, general qu$lr@bn, and infonnatbn on the

rellafMlly of the estimates are ghren in Technical notes.]

Us. born Fore&n fwm

H@ank H@arIic

Characterfstk Totalq Totale Mexk%rn Total3 Total2 Mexkarr

Age

18y8srsandover . . . . . 12.9 13.0 13.3 12.9 14.3 13.0

la-44 yeara . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 a.6 9.3 5.5 7.3

45-64 Yaws.. . . . . . . . . 18.4 22.7 25.1 17.5 25.6 2:.:

85years end over . . . . . 30.3 37.7 34.6 33.0 38.4 43.9

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 11.1 11.4 11.0 11.4 11.5

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 74.6 15.1 14.6 17.1 14.8

Educatton

Lesslhan 12years . . . . . 23.0 24.7 24.2 21.4 18.4 13.7

12ye?Jrs. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.5 8.8 10.2 11.7 13.5

MOre WVI 12 yeafs. . . . . 5.2 4.1 4.7 6.2 7. I 6.1

Annual family Income

Lessman s20,000 . . . . . 22.1 21.1 21.4 17.9 17.6 12.8

S2WO0 or more . . . . . . 6.7 5.7 5.2 8.5 9.5 11.9

%lcludes pemrB of Unk- Hispanic Or!@

‘Includes pemaru of UnkrXPJTI Mexican origin.

Limitation in activity

Table 3 shows the percent of persons who were reported to have been limited in normal activities because of

a chronic health condition. In every category of every
advancedata 3

Table 3. Percent of persons 18 years of age and over who were

fimitedin activity by age, sex, education, and ●nnual family

income, according to birthplace and Hispanic origin: United

States, 1985-86

[Dala are based on houSSflold kIterVIS’WSOfthe civilian noninstttufkmalized

population. The survey design, general quaIWdbn, end information on the

reliability of the estlmafes W gtVSn in Technical notes.]

Us. born Fore&n bc+n

Hi.sPEuIk HkFvIJc

C7macterisfic Tofal’ TofaIz Mexican Tom’ Tofal= Mexkan

Age

w years and over . . . . . 17.6 13.2 121 13.2 125 8.9

18-44 years. . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.3 8.o 5.4 5.7 3.9

45-64 yeara . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 23.7 21.6 17.2 21.9 18.3

65 years and over . . . . . 39.6 42.0 42.0 11.7 41.5 40.4

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 127 11.8 11.9 10.5 7.4

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 13.7 123 14.4 14.5 10.7

Education

LeSSthan 12 yeara. . . . . 31.5 22.3 20.2 ~.o 15.5 9.8

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 9.9 8.0 10.7 9.5 7.3

More than 12 years. . . . . 1~.7 7.3 6.9 7.9 8.6 6.3

Annual fsmlly income

Less than $20,000 . . . . . 26.7 19.8 18.4 17.1 14.5 9.4

s20,0w or more . . . . . . 11.7 7.7 6.4 9.5 9.8 7.7

%)dudes ~ of unk- F@ank O@irL

21m5ud8zW-M d unkmwn Mmdcano!igim

variable considered in table 3, the foreign-born population

was less likely than the comparable U.S.-born population to

have had a limitation of activity.

The same pattern of differences is found when comparing the foreign-born population of Mexican origin and the

U.S.-born population In most categories foreign-born persons of Mexican origin were less likely than U.S.-born

persons to have had a limitation of activity. (The exceptions

are persons 45 years of age and over and those with more

than 12 years of education, among whom the U.S.-born

population and the foreign-born population of Mexican

origin did not differ significantly.)

Bed days

Table 4 shows the percent of persons who had 4 days or

more during the year before interview when they stayed in

bed for more than one-half of the day because of a health

rxmdition. Four bed days per year is more than the average

for the U.S. population. With the exception of persons 45

years of age and over, foreign-born persons in every category shown were significantly less likely than U.S.-born

persons to have had 4 bed days or more.

Compaxing the foreign-born population of Mexican

origin with the U.S.-born population, the same pattern of

differences was found. The differences, where they existed,

were even larger: Foreign-born persons of Mexican origin

were much less likely than U.S.-born persons with similar

socioeconomic characteristics to have had 4 bed days or

more in the year before interview (although the difference

is not statistic~]y significant for those with 12 years of

education).

Table 4. Percent of persona 18 years of age and over who had

4 bad days or more in the last year, by age, sex, education, and

annual family income, ●ccording to birthplace and Hkpanic

origin: United States, 1985-86

pta are baaed on household Interviewsof the civlliin nonirtsttlutionrdiiad

population. The survey destgn, general qualticatbn, and Informafiin on the

reliiity of the estimates are gtwm h Technical notes.]

Us.born Foreignborn

Hispanic His&ank

Ctramcfwkfic Tofal1 Tolal2 Mexken Total1 ToW 2 Mexican

Age

16yaars andover . . . . . 22.8 22.6 21.9 18.8 77.6 13.6

f8-44years . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 21.8 21.5 15.6 T4.O 10,6

45-64 yeare . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 23.4 21.4 20.7 23.1 20.5

65yaarsandover . . . . . 26.3 30.9 29.9 27.6 31.8 30.2

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 18.0 17.1 15.3 12.3 10.4

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 26.6 26.2 220 22.8 17.4

Education

Lesathan 12ymrs... -. 27.1 25.3 24.3 20.9 17.8 13.8

12yeara. . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 19.9 19.6 18.9 19.6 16.1

More thsn 12 years. . . . . 21.9 23.2 221 16.6 14.9 9.s

Annual femliy income

Lesslhan$20,000 . . . . . 26.9 24.7 24.3 20.5 17.9 13.1

S20J3000ffnofa . . . . . . 20.5 20.3 19.3 17.7 17.4 15.2

%dudemp72n2 o/unknownHkp2nicorigim

%&adze~ ofunktxw.nMexicanorigin

Hospital stays

Table 5 shows the percent of persons who were hospitalized overnight on one occasion or more during the 12

months before interview. In every category shown, the

foreign-born population was less likely than the comparable

Table 5. Percent of persons 18 years of ●ge and over who had

1 or more hospital stays in the last year, by age, se% education,

●nd annual famiiy income, ●ccording to birthplace ●nd Hispanic

origin: United States, 1985-86

[Data arwbasfrdon hwsahoM interviews of the cMlkm nonlnstltutbnalired

population. The survey design, general qualWatbn, and Informatbn on the

rallabl(ky of the estimates are gtven h Technkal noles.]

Us. born Fore+gnborn

H@i?rrrb Hispanic

Chacscle&tic Tofal’ ToIale Mexkan Tolal’ Tofal2 Mexcan

Age

18yearsandover . . . . . 10.8 9.7 9.7 9.5 10.0 8.9

Ia-uyeara.. . . . . . . . . 9.0 9.5 9.8 8.1 9.5 88

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 8.2 7.5 7.8 7.7 6.3

65yeaJssnd c4ar . . . . . 16.1 17.7 17.5 17.0 18.4 15.6

8ex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 5.5 4,8 7.0 5,6 4.2

FernaIe . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 13.4 14.1 11.8 14.2 14.5

Education

Lessmarr12yeara... . . 15.0 11.7 11.6 11.6 10.1 9.2

12yeara. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 9.2 8.7 10.0 10.9 98

More Wn12yearS.. . . . 8.6 8.2 8.7 7.1 8.5 6.2

ArmuaJ femlly income

Lesathan420,W0 . . . . . 13.5 11.7 11.5 10.4 10.3 8.8

S20,0@ormore . . . . . . 9.1 7.7 7.7 8.6 9,3 9.0

%dudm penons 24unkncwn Hispznic origin.

%_dudce pa-d unknwn Mexican origin.
4 advancedata

U.S.-born population to have been hospitalized. However,

most of the differences were small, and for some categories,

they were not statistically significant-persons 65 years of

age and over, females, persons with 12 years of education,

and those with family incomes of $20,000 or more.

The same pattern of differences is found when the

comparisons are made between the U.S.-born population

and the foreign-born population of Mexican origin, although the differences, because smaller, are statistically

significant only for some catergories—males, persons with

lCSSthan 12 years of education, and those with family

incomes under $20,000.

Physician contacts

Table 6 shows the percent of persons with six physician

contacts or more (visit or telephone call with a doctor or

health care provider working under a doctor’s supervision)

during the year before interview. Six visits is above the

average for the U.S. population. Although the differences

were not large, foreign-born persons were significantly less

likely than U.S.-born persons in most sociodemographic

categories shown to have had six physician contacts or

more. (Differences were not significant for persons 45 years

of age and over.)

Comparing foreign-born persons of Mexican origin

with the U.S.-born population, the same general pattern of

differences is found, but the differences are larger. Foreignborn persons of Mexican origin were less likely than comparable U.S.-born persons to have had six physician contacts or more, although differences in several additional

cat egories were not statistically significant —45-64 years of

Table 6. Percent of persons 18 yeara of age and over who had

6 or more physician contacts in the last year, by age, sex,

education, ●nd annual family income, according to birthplace

and Hispanic origin: United states, 1985-86

[Dsta are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized

pcpulstkm. The survey deS19n, general qualiinatiin, and Information on the

reliebiIHy of Ihe est!mates are given in Teehnical notes.]

U.S. born Foreign horn

Hrspenlc His/Jerrlc

.—

Characteristic Total’ Totat 2 Mexican Total’ Total 2 Mexican

Age

18 years and over . . . . . 18.5 16.7 ~ 16.1 16.2 16.0 12.4

16-44 years . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 14.7 14.2 12.2 12.1 9,0

45-64 yeare . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 20.3 19.3 17.2 20.2 16,0

65 years and over . . . . . 29.1 30.1 33.0 29.2 35.3 40.2

sex

Mate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 10.4 9.7 10.6 9.4 6.7

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 22.1 21.6 21.2 22.5 19.3

Educetbn

Less than 12 years. . . . . 23.2 19.4 19.1 19.8 18.1 13.1

12yesrs. . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 15.3 14.5 14.8 14.4 *9,7

More ttran 12 years. . . . . 16.8 15.6 14.3 13.4 12.5 ●11.5

Annual family Income

Less than S20,0CMI . . . . . 21.9 19.2 18.6 18.6 17,9 12.2

$2WOOormore . . . . . . 16.5 14.5 13.6 14.2 13.3 12.0

‘Inciudespersonscf unknw.vr Hispanic origin.

‘Includes parmns of unknwn Mexican origin.

age, females, persons with more than 12 years of education,

and those with more than $20,000 annual family income.

There was one reversal of that pattern: Among persons 65

years of age and over, foreign-born persons of Mexican

origin were more likely than U.S.-born persons to have had

six physician contacts or more.
advancedata 5

References

National Center for Health Statistics, M.G. Kovar, and G.S. Poe. National Center for Health Statistics, D.A. Dawson, and P.F.

1985. The National Health Interview Survey Design, 1973-84, and Adams. 1987. Current estimates from the National Health InterProcedures, 1975-83. Ktaland Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 18. view Sun’ey, United States, 1986. Ktal and HeaMz Statistics. Series

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1320. Public Health Semke. Washing- 10, No. 164. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1592. Public Health

ton: U.S. Government Printing Office. SeMce. Washington U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, Al Moss, and V.L. Par- U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1980. U.S. Census of Population,

sons. 1986. Current estimates from the National Health Irttetview Vol. 1, chapter D (PC80)-1-OL

Survey, United States, 1985. P7tal and Health Statistics- series 10,

No. 160. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1588. Public Health Setvice.

Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Symbols

-- - Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

. Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

5C0 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements
6 advancedata

Technical notes

The estimates shown in this report are based on data

obtained in household interviews during a continuing nationwide survey. Each week a probability sample of households is interviewed by personnel of the U.S. Bureau of the

Census to obtain information about the health and other

characteristics of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States.

During 1985 and 1986, interviews were conducted in

58,682 households containing 153,583 family members and

unrelated individuals. The total noninterview rate was

about 3.8 percent. The weights of interviewed persons in

the segments containing sample households for which data

were not obtained were inflated to compensate for household nonresponse.

All persons 17 years of age and over were asked to

participate in the interview. When this was not possible,

proxy responses were accepted from family members meeting the IWHS respondent rules. About two-thirds of all

adult family members responded for themselves.

Because the estimates shown in this report are based

on a sample, they are subject to sampling error. A measure

of the sampling error is given by the standard error.

Approximate standard errors for estimated percents in this

report are given by the formula

SE=-

where SE is the standard error, p is the estimated percent,

and y is the estimated base of the percent. The bases of the

percents in table 1 are shown in its first line, and the bases

of percents shown in tables 2-6 can be calculated from the

data in table 1.

The approximate standard error of a difference between percents is given by the formula

SE (Xl ‘X2) = ~ SE (X1)2 + SE (X2)2

where xl and Xz are the two percents being compared,

xl –xz is the difference between them, and SE(XI) and

SE(X2) are the standard errors of the two percents. In this

report, a difference was considered statistically significant

at the 5- percent level if the difference (xl –xz) was at least

twice as large as its standard error.

More detailed discussions of the sample design, estimating procedures, procedures for estimating standard errors, nonsampling errors, and definitions of terms used in

this report have been published in T4taland Health Statistics, Series 10, Nos. 160 and 164, and in Series 1, No. 18

(NCHS, 1985,1986, 1987).

NOTE A list of references follows the text.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 158 ● July 12, 1988

Office Visits to Neurologists: 1985

by Cheryl Nelson, M.S.P.H., Division of Health Care Statistics

In 1985, an estimated 5 million ambulatory care visits

(96,000 visits per week) were made to office-based neurologists. This estimate represented 0.8 percent of all patient

visits to all office-based physicians in the United States (table l). Of these visits, 60 percent were to partnership and

group practices (table 2). Since 1980 the number of visits

to neurologists has almost doubled and the visit rate has increased 90 percent to 21 visits per 1,000 persons per year

(table 3).

This report is based on data from the 1985 National

Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). NAMCS, a yearIong probability sample survey of the Nation’s office-based

physicians, was conducted annually from 1973 through 1981

and again in 1985 by the Division of Health Care Statistics

of the National Center for Health Statistics. General findings

from the 1985 NAMCS have been published (NCHS, 1987a).

In this report, a neurologist is defined as a physician who

reports that the majority of his practice is in the specialty

of neurology. Neurosurgery is excluded from this definition.

Of the patient visits to neurologists. 25 percent were

Table 1. Number and percent diatrihtion of oftica viaita by phyaichm

al=cWW UnitedState% 1985

Numbar of visits Percent

Physician speaalty in thousands distribution

Allvwts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.386 100.0

General and family practice . . . . . . . . . . . 193,995 30.5

Internal mechcme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,727 11.6

Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,693 11.4

Obstetrics and gynecology . . . . . . . . . . 56.842 0.9

Ophthalmology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,062 6.3

Orthopedic surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ,4s2 4.9

General surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,858 4.7

Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,124 3.8

Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.989 2.8

Otorhmolaryngology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.097 2.5

Urological surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,699 1.8

Cardiovascular disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,617 1.7

Neuro!qy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 0.8

All other specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,408 8.2

referrals from other physicians (table 4). This was about 4.5

times the rate of patients referred to all physicians. Of the

visits to neurologists, 3 I percent were by new patients, almost

twice the percent of visits by new patients to all physicians

(NCHS, 1987a). The majority of all visits were made by

returning patients.

Visits to neurologists by patients 25 years of age and

older represented over 80 percent of all visits. The mean

age of patients visiting neurologists was 45.3 years. compared

with a mean age of 39.6 years for all patients visiting all

physicians. Visits by female patients and white patients represented 56 percent and 90 percent, respectively, of the visits

to office-based neurologists (table 5).

Patient’s reason for visiting the physician

A symptom was more often given by patients as the

major reason for visiting a neurologist than as the major

reason for visiting all physicians. Of visits to neurologists,

75 percent were for symptoms, compared with less than 55

percent of the visits to all physicians (NCHS, 1987a).

Symptoms relating to the nervous system were given in 34

percent of the visits and symptoms of the musculoskeletal

system in 24 percent (table 6).

Headache and convulsions accounted for nearly 21 percent

of ail patient complaints to neurologists (table 7). There were

1.2 million patient visits made to all physicians in which

Tda 2. Number and percent dii of ~ visits to neWOI@StS

* W of wctic= UnitedStates+1965

Mmber of visits Percent

T@e of practice in thousands disttibutbr

AllVMs .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

solo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,992 39.9

Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141 22.8

Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,859 37.3

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2

Table 3. Number, percent and rate of office visits to neurofogiate and affphyaisian epecisMe% by year of survey: United States, 19S5

P/rys/c/an speaa/fy 1985 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975

Number of visits in thousands

Allspeclaltles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636,386 585,177 575,745 556.313 584,496 570,052 568,300 567,600

Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 3,679 2,499 1,874 2,419 2,690 1,752 2,032

Percent

Allspeclaltles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.00 100.00

0.78

100.00

0.66 0.43 0.34 0.41 0.47 0.30 0.36

VW rate per 1,000 persons

Allspeeialtles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.740 2.620 2,660 2.590 2.750

Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,700 2,810 2,730

21 17 11 9 11 13 8 10

Table4. Number andperoant d~ofoff&ti~toneu-s

byreferrel stetusand prior visit~ United Stateq 19S5

Teble6. Number andpercent d~tribtiion ofotiti~toneuro~sW

bypatient’spnneipafreaaonforti~ United Stat+ 19S5

Numbarotvisits Percerrf

Referral status and prior visit status ifrthousands d/strrbut/orr

Ailvmts.. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refenal status

Referred byanotherphyslcian .

Not referred by another physician

Prior visit status

New patient . . . . . . . . . . . .

Old patient . . . . . . . . . . . .

New problem . . . . . . . . . .

Old problem . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 4,992 100.0

. . . . . . . . 1,274 25.5

. . . . . . . . 3,718 74.5

. . . . . . . . 1,581 31.7

. . . . . . . . 3,411 66.3

. . . . . . . “259 5,2

. . . . . . . . 3,152 631

Table5. Number and percent cfjatributkmofoffke viaitsto neurologists

by age, seqandreceofpetkmk UniiedStafe& 19S5

Afumberofvisita Percent

Age, sex, and race in thousands d~stribution

Allvmts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.992

Age

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

15-24yeaffi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

25-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587

45-64 years .,....... . . . . . . . . . . 1,454

65 years Andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048

Sex

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,188

Race

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,533

Black andother, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

100.0

8.1

10.0

31.6

29.1

21.0

56.2

43.8

90.8

9.2

the patient’s principal reason for the visit was convulsions.

Of those patient visits, 424,000 (34 percent) were made to

office-based neurologists. In contrast, less than 10 percent

of all headache visits were made to office-based neurologists.

Hence, a patient having convulsions seems more likely to

visit a neurologist than a patient having pain in the head.

A patient having headaches seems more likely to visit a general

practitioner.

Numberofv@e Percent

Pnnc:pal reason for vistt and RVC code’ intfrouserrds distribution

All visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

Symptom module . . . . . . S001-S999 3,742 75,0

General symptoms . . . . . . SOO1-SOg9 419 8.4

Symptomsrefera bletothe

nervous system (excluding

sense organs) . . . . . . S20&S259 1,710 34.3

Symptoms referable to the

musculoskeletal system . . . S900-S999 1,216 24.3

Disease module. . . . DOO1-Dggg 448 9.0

Diseases of the nervous

system. . . . . D350-D399 “246 4.9

Diagnostic, screening, and preventive

module. . . . . . . . X1OO-X599 “238 4.8

Treatmenfmodule . . . . . . . TIOO-T999 371 7.4

Prcgressvisit,NEC . . . . . . T80C-T899 “215 4.3

Allother2S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “192 3.8

‘6asedon -A Rea.sanfor v&t Classti-llon for Ambulato~Care- (RVC), V/fa/arrd Heafffr

SfatJsocs, .Serres2, No 7a, Feb. 1979

‘Mudesmpresand adverse effects mcdule. test results mcdule, admintstrattve module,

arrduncodable entnes,

3Eash element represents fewer !han 74.000 vIsILs.

Physician diagnoses

Diagnoses of diseases of the nervous system and sense

organs (codes 320-28) were made in 33 percent of office

visits to neurologists (table 8). Diseases of the musculoskeletal

system and connective tissue (codes 710-39) and symptoms,

signs, and ill-defined conditions (codes 780-99) were each

diagnosed in 17 percent of the patient visits. General symptoms

(code 780) was the most common principal diagnosis in 11

percent of patient visits (table 9). Specifically, 81 percent

of the visits diagnosed as general symptoms were convulsions.

The most frequent type of diagnostic service given during

an office visit was a blood pressure check (table 10). The

types of nonmedication therapy provided are shown in tablell.

Medication therapy

In 57 percent of the visits. some type of medication

wasprescribed orprovided by the neurologist. However, three

or more medications were prescribed in only 7.8 percent of

the visits (table 12). A neurologist’s drug therapy utilization
atkmeMa3

Tabfe7. Number andpereent distnbufion ofoffioe visitatoneuro&gisk

by fhelOsnoatcomffmn prineipatreaaorts fof viaib United Stateq 1865

Table 9. Nunber snd percent diabibufhr of office visits to neurofc@mta

by fhelomoetcomsnon WiWip$I diagnoses: United Stateq 1965

Moat common pirrcipsl diagnosis Number of vistfa Percent

Rank and ICD-9-CM code 7 in tirousanda distibutkm

Most common principal reason Number of visits Percent

Rank for visit and RVC code 1 in tfwuaands distnhtkm

Allre-sfortisif$ . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0 Alldiagnoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992

563

100.0

Headache, Pain in head . . . . . . S21O 11.3

COnVUiS+Xf.$ . . . . . . . . . . . .. S2O5

DWfbSn=S of sensation . . . . . S220

NecksymptOmS . . . . . . . . .. S9OO

BeokayrnPtoms . . . . . . . . . ..s9o5

Legsyrnptoms . . . . . . . . . ..s92o

Vertgo,d kzineaa. . . . . . . . .. S225

Amtsymptoms . . . . . . . . . ..s945

Abnormal involuntary

movements . . . . . . . . . . . .S200

Low beck symptoms . . . . . . . . S91O

610

424

’235

.235

122

8.5

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.0

3.6

3.4

General symptoms . . . . . . . . . .780

Other and unspecified disorders

of the back . . . . . . . . . . . . .724

Migraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..%6

Symptoms involving head

and neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764

Parkinson’s dieease . . . . . . ...332

Sprains and sframs of other and

unspecified parts of back . . . . . .647

Mononeuritis of upper limb and

mononeurifis multiplex . . . . . . .354

Other dieorders of cervical region . .723

Mulfiple sclerosis . . . . . . . . . ..&to

Eoilerxv.. . . . . . . . . . . . ...845

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

.305 6.1

.265 5.3

.233

200

.160

.169

“232

“205

4.7

4.1

“202 4.0

“142

-110

2.9

2.2 .173

.169

.164

“151

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.0

Allo!her reeeons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.463 49.1

%.ssadon “AReasonforVsit Ckiaaificst!oaforAmbulatoryCare- (RVC), Wa/ andtiafm

Staaaks. series 2, No. 78, Feb. 1979. Ailo~he; diagnoses. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 51.3

‘ 6aaad on ttm frrtamaaimslCfasskstm of Diseases, 9th Revkron,Chmcal Mcdirkaaon

(ICIH-CM).

Tabfe 8. Number and percent distribution of ofke visits to neurof@afa

by the moat commonpnneipaldmgnoak United Stateaj 1965

Numter of visita Percent Tab& 10. Numbemnd percent distdbutionof office visits to neurologists

bythernoateomrnon type of dagno@e service: United Stat- 1S65

Number of visita Percent

Diagnostic aewke in tfrousands distribution

Alldiagnostic aervices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 27.6

Bioodchemisfry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 7.8

Blood preeaure check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.174 42.3

Radiology (other than cheat) . . . . . . . . . . . 516 10.4

Ocher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,78U 35:8

Allothert= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 15.5

%wtudaab?aaatasarn.-l acuity,ursss@is.hmrstO@y,othar&b lest, chestX ray, EKG,

and ultrasound

‘Each elenwnf rarxeaanfa fewer than 215,rxJ0 viaii.

Princi~l diagnosis and ICD-9-CM code’ in Urousands distribution

All diagnoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

Mental disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 290-319 “276 5.5

Oiseaaes of fhe nervous system and

sense organs . . . . . . . . . . . ..32MB9 1,673 33.5

Oiseases of the circulato~ system . . . 390-459 442 6.8

Diseases of the musculoskeletal sysfem

and connective !iasue . . . . . . . . . 710-739 893 17.9

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined

rendition s . . . . . . . . . . . . ..78t&7w 919 18.4

hjUt’y and poisoning . . . . . . . . . . 6LI0-999 380 7.8

All other diagnosesz.a . . . . . . .- . . . . . . 400 8.0

qBasal on theIntenratrbmvCkw.sitiit+onof Diseases, 9th Rewkrm. Chwal hfdfi.stmr

(lCD-S-CM),

‘Includes Infection and parasitic diseaess (001-139); neoplsams f140-23S): endocrine,

nutritional, and metabdc diseases arxl immumty drsorders (240-279): diseases of the

respiratory system (4E0.-5l 9): dmaaes of the dgestive system [520-579): diseases of tha

gemfourmery system (560-62s): diseases of tfss skm and subdsnacus tissue (B6C-709~

supplementary claa.shcatmn (VO!-V82): all other diagnoses drsasaaa or the bleed and bbodformirg organs (2S0-289); compl!cabons of pregnancy, c.hiklbirth, and the pueqwmurn

@SO-676): eongemtal aiwmaloss (740-75s): certain ccdhons ongmatmg m the prmatal

period (760-776~ and unknown diagwaes, blank diag~ls, UnCC@J& ~ag~ds, and

illegbie d!agnoata.

3Each element represents fewer than 105,003 visks.

Tab&ll. Nunimrarid percenf~of~M@ne~!h

bythaflKrfat comnKNt

Sweq 186s ~wordaredorPrOVkM: united

Numberof visits Ftfrkx3nt

Mrrmed&tiivr Urerapy in tffousands oWitnniwr’

All nonmedlcatiort therapies . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,859 77.3

Physcalt herapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 9.6

Counseling (other than diet) . . . . . . . . . . . 416 8.3

AllcWr2s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 7.6

‘B&Iy not add to 100.0 percent bacauaa more than cme rwnmadrcatwn therapy was possible.

%.5udas amb[atary aurgwy. nx$stion therapy, psychotherapy, famtiy plsnmng. draf

counaelrng, oxrecuve bnsas, arsf other,

aEach skmenf represents fewer than 135.000 waifs.

was not different from the drug therapy utilization of all

physicians. However, it was far less frequent and less intense

than the drug therapy utilization of primary care providers

(general and family practitioners and intemists—NCHS,

1987b). Of all drugs, those for the central nervous system

(CNS) were mentioned most often during a patient office

visit (table 13). CNS drugs represented 58 percent of all

prescribed medications. Analgesics and antipyretics were the

CNS drugs most often mentioned. The generic ingredients

most often ordered or prescribed included acetaminophen,

phenytoin, and aspirin (table 14).

or more (table 15). This was greater than the mean duration

of 16minutes for visits to all physicians (NCHS, 1987a).

Of the visiting patients, 84 percent were given some

type of “Return” disposition (table 16): most were given the

disposition “Return at a specified time..’

Duration and disposition of visit

Neurology patient visits had a mean duration of 27 minutes, with 64 percent of all the visits lasting 16 minutes
4

Table 12. Number and percent distribution of office visits to neurotogiits

in which mediations were preacrbed or ordered United State$ 1985

Number of visits Percent

Type of visit and number of medications in thousands distribution

All visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

No drug visit (O m.edcations) . . . . . . . . . . 2,124 42.6

Drugvlsit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,868 57.4

Number of medications

1.......................... 1,614 32.3

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 17.3

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “285 5.7

4ormore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “103 2.1

Table 13. Number and percent dstributikm of the most common drug

mentions in the offi~sed practice of neurologists+ by therapeutic

catego~ United State% 1985

Number of

drug mentions Percent

Therapeubc category’ m thousands distribution

All drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,664 100.0

Central nervous system drugs . . . . . . . . . 2,740 5s.7

Analgesicsand antipyretics . . . . . . . . 1,075 23.0

Anticonvulsants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 15.0

Psychotherapeutic agents . . . . . . . . . . 473 10.1

Anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics . . . . 426 9.1

Autonomic drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 13.1

Antlcholmergic agents . . . . . . . 344 7.4

Skeletal muscle relaxants . . 169 3.6

Cardiovascular drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 11.4

Cardiacdmgs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 5.0

Allother2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 16.7

‘Basedon the American I+JSPICSIFormulaIY 3eruice Classification System Drug Product

Informafmn File, The Amertmn Druggist Blue Book Data Center. San Bnmo, Caltf., 1985,

21ncludes anhhistamme dregs, antwnlectiie agents anbneoplastic agents: blood formatmm

and coagulahon agents diagnostic agents: al.eclrolytm cslonc, and waler balance agents:

antitusswes, expectorants, and mumlyiac agenta: eye, ear, nose, and throat (EENT)

preparations: gastrornwstmal dm~ horrnonea and symthebc substitutes: Ixal anesthetic

oxylocics: skin and mucous membrane agents: and other or undeterrmned dwgs,

3Each alement represents fewer than 130.WO drug mentions.

Table 14. Number and percent of the 10 most f?equentiyprescribed or

provided druga in the office+ased practice of neurologiit~ by generic

ingredienttx United State& 1985

Number of

drug mentions

Rank Generic ingredient m thousands Percent

All’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,144 100.0

1 Aceteminophen . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2Phenyloin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3Aaprin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4AmWiptyiine... . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Carbamezepme . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 Phenobarbital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 Codeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9Propranolol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 Levodopa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“363

“317

“275

“252

“219

“213

“198

“171

“157

“150

5.9

5.2

4.5

4.1

3.6

3.5

3.2

2.8

2.6

2,4

‘The total on table 14 IS greater than the total on table 13 becauae mulnple mgred(ents equal

mulople counts.

Tabls 15. Number and percent distribution of office visits to neurologiata

bydurationofviait: UnitedState~19S5

Number of visita Percent

Duration in thousands distribution

All durations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,992 100.0

O minutes’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “13 0.3

l-5minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “167 3.3

6-10 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 9.9

11-15minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.089 21.8

16-30minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,029 40.6

31-60minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.056 21.1

61 mmutesandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “145 2.9

‘Represents othce wsits m which there were m face-to-face mnlasrs betweenthe patient

and the physuxan.

Tebte 16. Number and percent distribution of offtce visits to neurologkts

bydiqmaitiorx UnitedSteteq1985

Number of vikils Percent

Disposition in thousands dktn’bution’

Alldispositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.992 100.0

Nofollowupplanned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Retumatspecifiedtime . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Retumifneedad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Telephonefollowupplannad . . . . . . . . . . .

Referred to other physician . . . . . . . . . . .

Retumtoreferringphysician . . . . . . . . . . .

Admittohoapital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

436

3,306

459

“270

“276

458

“125

“21

8.7

66.2

9.2

5.4

5.5

9.2

2.5

0.4

‘May not add to 100.0 pert.enf because more than one d@osition was pasa!ble.

References

National Center for Health Statistics, T. McLemore and J. DcLdzier.

1987a. 1985 summary: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.

Advance Data From Viral and Health Statistics. No. 128. DHHS

Pub. No. (PHS) 87–I 250. public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

National Center for Health Statistics, H. Koch, 1987b. Highlights

of drug utilization in office practice, National Ambulatory Medical

Care Survey, 1985. Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics.

No. 134. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)87–1250. Public Health Service.

Hyattsville, Md.
Technical notes

Source of data and sample design

The information presented in this report is based on data

collected by means of the National Ambulatory Medical Care

Survey (NAMCS) from March 1985 through February 1986.

The target universe of NAMCS includes office visits made

within the conterminous United States by ambulatory patients

to nonfederally employed physicians who are principally engaged in office practice, but not in the specialties of anesthesiology, pathology. or radiology. Telephone contacts and

nonoffice visits are excluded.

A multistage probability sample design is used in

NAMCS, involving samples of primary sampling units

(PSU’S). physician practices within PSU’S, and patient visits

within physician practices. For 1985. a sample of 5.032 nonFederal, office-based physicians was selected from master

files maintained by the American Medical Association and

American Osteopathic Association. The physician response

rate for the 1985 NAMCS was 70.2 percent; the response

rate for neurologists was 66 percent. Sample physicians were

asked to complete patient records (see text figure) for a systematic random sample of office visits occurring during a

randomly assigned I-week reporting period. Responding physicians completed 71,594 patient records; 1.097 patient records

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Fgure. 1985 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey patient reeord
6

were from neurologists. Characteristics of the physician’s practice. such as primary specialty and type of practice, were

obtained during an induction interview. NORC (formerly

known as the National Opinion Research Center), under contract to NCHS. was responsible for the survey’s data collection

and processing operations.

Sampling errors

The standard error is primarily a measure of the sampling

variability that occurs by chance when only a sample, rather

than an entire universe, is surveyed. The relative standard

error of an estimate is obtained by dividing the standard error

by the estimate itselfl the result is then expressed as a percent

of the estimate. Approximate relative standard errors of visits

to neurologists are shown in table 1. Approximate relative

standard errors for aggregate estimates of drug mentions for

neurologists are shown in table II.

Statistical inference and rounding

The determination of statistical inference is based on a

two-sided t-test with a critical value of 1.960 (0.05 level

of confidence). Terms relating to differences, such as “greater

than” or “less than, “’ indicate that the differences are stat istically significant. Terms such as “similar” or “roughly equal”

mean that no statistical significance exists between the estimates compared. In the tables. estimates of office visits have

been rounded to the nearest thousand. Consequently, estimates

Table L Relative atandani errors of eathnated numbers of ofi%cavisitsto

neurologkts National Ambulatory Mediil Care Survey, 1985

Estimsted number of office wits Relative standard error

in thousands m percent

200” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39.3

32.4

25.5

1&8

14.4

10.8

9.3

8.5

8.0

7.8

Example ofuse of table: Anaggwgatee shmateo f50,0CQ,0Wv istihaaa relatrvestandard

error o! 8 percent. or a standard error of 4.WO.000 visits (8 psrcenl of .50,000.000).

Table Il. Relative standsrd erroraof estimated numbera ofdrug mentions

intheoftkeha@ praotkeofneurotogiata: National Ambulatory Medical

Csre Suwey, 198S

Estimated number of drug mentions Relative standard error

in thousands in penwnt

200”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44:2

31.0

24.6

21.’1

16.()

12.[1

10.3

9:3

6.7

6.S

Exemple ofuse of table, Anaggrqate estimate of50,0W,0W dwgmenllone hasarelatwe

standard error of 8.7 percent, or a standard error of 4,350,000 drug mentions (8.7 percent of

50.000.003).

will not always add to totals. Rates and percents were calculated from original unrounded figures and do not necessarily

agree with percents calculated from rounded data,

Definitions ofterms

Ambulatory patient—An ambulato~ patient is an individual seeking personal health services who is not currently

admitted to any health care institution on the premises.

Physician—A physician is a duly licensed doctor of

medicine (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) who is currently in office-based practice, and who spends some time

caring for ambulatory patients. Excluded from NAMCS are

physicians who are hospital-based; who specialize in anesthesiology, pathology, or radiology; who are federally employed; who treat only institutionalized patients; who are employed full time by an institution; and who spend no time

seeing ambulatory patients.

0#7ce-Offices are the premises physicians identify as

locations for their ambulato~ practices; these customarily include consultation, examination, or treatment spaces the patients associate with the particular physician.

Visit—A visit is a direct personal exchange between an

ambulatory patient and a physician or a staff member working

under the physician’s supervision. for the purpose of seeking

care and rendering personal health services.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 159 (Rev.) ● September 28, 1988

1987

Introduction

Summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey

Hospital Care Statistics Branch, Division of Health Care Statistics

ago. Figures 1 and 2 present the trends in both hospital

discharge rates and average length of stay by patient age for

The hospital discharge rate has continued a decline 1972-S7.

that began in 1983. The 1987 rate was 138 discharges per During 1987, an estimated 33.4 mullion inpatients (ex1,000 civilian population-a 17 percent decrease in 4 years. eluding newborn infants) were discharged from short-stay

In addition, the average length of stay in 1987 was 6.4 days, non-Federai hospitals in the United States. These patients

the same as in 1986, but compared with 7.6 days a decade were hospitalized an average of 6.4 days and used 215

Rate per

1,000 population

450

400 .

350 65+ years

300

250

;:: .~

15-44 years

100

-

50 <15 years /

o

1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987

Year

SOURCE: National Center for HeallhStatistics

—

Figure 1. Rate of patients discharged from short-stay hospitais, by age: United States, 1972-87

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Controi
2 advanoecktta

Average length of

stay in days

13 T

12 .

11 65+ years

10 .

9

8

7

6

15-44 years

5

- <15 years

4 F

of

I 1 I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I 1

1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987

Year

SOURCE IWfonal Centerfor Health Statistics

Figure 2. Average length of stay for patients discharged from short-stay hospitals, by -age: United States, 1972-87

million days of inpatient hospital care. Patients hospitalized

during 1987 accounted for 138 discharges per 1,000 civilian

population.

These and other statistics presented in this report are

based on data collected by means of the National Hospital

Discharge Survey, a continuous survey that has been conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics since

1965. In 1987, data were abstracted horn the medical

records of approximately 181,000 patients discharged from

400 short-stay non-Federal hospitals. A brief description of

the sample design, data collection procedures, and estimation process, and definition of terms used in this report ean

be found in the section entitled “Technical notes,” Detailed

discussions of these items, as well as the survey form used

to collect the data, have been published (NCHS, 1970,

1987).

Coding of medical data for patients hospitalized is done

according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th

ReviswrL ClinicaZModificaiim (ICD-9-CM) (U.S. Public

Health SeAce and Health Care Financing Administration,

1980). Up to seven diagnoses and four procedures are

coded for each discharge. Although diagnoses included in

the ICD-9-CM section entitled “Supplementary classification of external causes of injury and poisoning” (males

E800-E999) are used by the National Hospital Discharge

Survey, these diagnoses are excluded from this report. The

conditions diagnosed and procedures performed are presented here by chapter of ICD-9-CM. Within these chapters, a few diagnoses and procedures or groups thereof also

are shown. These specific categories were selected primarily because of large numbers of occurrences or because

they are of special interest. Residual categories of the

diagnostic and procedure classes, however, are not included

in the tables. More detailed analyses of these data will be

presented in later reports in Series 13 of Vital and Health

Statistics.

In 1987, approximately 17 percent of the hospitals

submitted machine-readable data tapes through commercial abstracting services. Preliminary analysis indicates that

a greater number of nonsurgical procedures per patient are

obtained from these hospitals than from hospitals submitting data in the traditional manual mode (see “Technical

notes”). This has resulted in increases from 1984 to 1987 in

the estimates for miscellaneous diagnostic and therapeutic

procedures and, therefore, for total procedures.

Data highlights

Utilization by patient and hospital

characteristics

The number, rate, and average length of stay of patients discharged from short-stay non-Federal hosptials are

shown by selected patient and hospital characteristics in

tables 1-3. The 33.4 million patients discharged from shortstay hospitals during 1987 included an estimated 13.6 million males and 19.8 million females. The rates per 1,000

population were 116 for males and 159 for females, making

the rate for females about 37 percent higher than the rate
acivancecfata 3

for males. The number and rate of discharges are always

higher for females than for males because of the large

number of women in their childbearing years (15-44 years

of age) who are hospitalized for deliveries and other obstetrical conditions.

The average length of stay was 6.9 days for males and

6.1 days for females during 1987. The length of stay for

females was shorter than that for males primarily because

the average length of stay of the 3.9 million women who

were hospitalized for deliveries was only 3.1 days.

The number of discharges from short-stay hospitals by

geographic region during 1987 ranged from 11.3 million in

the South Region to 6.7 million in the Northeast and West

Regions, and the rates per 1,000 population ranged horn

147 in the Midwest Region to 134 in the Northeast Regions. Regional differences in the number of discharges are

accounted for mainly by variations in population sizes.

Average lengths of stay by geographic region were 5.5

days in the West, 6.2 days in the South, 6.7 days in the

Midwest, and 7.5 days in the Northeast.

Discharges from short-stay hospitaJs were approximately 40 percent male and 60 percent female in every

hospital bed-size group. The average length of stay increased steadily from 4.9 days in the smallest hospitals

(6-99 beds) to 7.3 days in the largest hospitals (500 beds or

more) for all patients.

During 1987, voluntary nonprofit hospitals provided

medical care to an estimated 22.8 million patient% or 68

percent of all patients hospitalized. Hospitals operated by

State and local governments cared for 6.9 million patients,

or 21 percent of alJ discharges and proprietary hospitals

operated for profit cared for 3.7 million patientq or 11

percent of all discharges. Average lengths of stay were 6.6

days in voluntary nonprofit hospitals, 6.0 days in State and

local government hospitals, and 5.9 days in propriety

hospitals.

Utilization by diagnosis

Diseases of the circulato~ system ranked first in 1987

among the ICD-9-CM diagnostic chapters as a principal or

first-listed diagnosis among patients discharged from nonFederal short-stay hospitak. These conditions accounted

for an estimated 5.6 million discharges. Other leading

ICD-9-CM diagnostic chapters were supplementmy classifications (including females with deliveries) (4.3 million

discharges) and diseases of the digestive system (3.7 million

discharges). About 40 percent of the patients discharged

from non-Federal short-stay hospitals were included in

these three ICD-9-CM diagnostic chapters.

The diagnostic categories presented in this report were

selected either because they appear as principal or firstIisted diagnoses with great frequency or because the conditions are of special interest. Although many of these

categories (such as malignant neoplasms; psychoses; and

fractures, all sites) are groupings of more detailed diagnoses, they are presented as single categories without showing all of the specific diagnostic inclusions.

.

The number and rate of discharges and average length

of stay for each ICD-9-CM diagnostic chapter and selected

categories are shown by sex and age in tables 4-6. The most

common diagnostic category for all patients was females

with deliveries. This was followed by the diagnostic categories heart disease and malignant neoplasms. Excluding

females with deliveries, these last two non-sex-specific diagnostic categories were also the most common first-listed

diagnoses for each sex.

The most frequent first-listed diagnoses for 1987 varied

for the different age groups. For patients under 15 years of

age, the most frequent diagnoses were pneumonia, all

formq acute respiratory infections, except influenq

chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids; and asthma. Excluding femaJes with deliveries the most frequent diagnoses for patients 15-44 years of age were psychoses;

fractures, all sites; and abortions and ectopic and molar

pregnancies. Patients 45-64 years of age were hospitaked

most frequently for heart disease, The most common diagnoses for patients 65 years of age and over were heart

disease and malignant neoplasms.

The average length of stay for aIl patients ranged from

a low of 1.3 days for the diagnostic catego~ chronic disease

of tonsils and adenoids, 1.8 days for the diagnostic category

of cataract, and 2.2 days for abortions and ectopic and

molar pregnancies to a high of 13.7 days for psychoses and

13.9 days for fracture of neck of femur. Although the

overall average length of stay for females was shorter than

that for males, femaIes stayed in the hospital longer than

males for many of the specific diagnostic categories shown

in thu report.

The average length of stay increased with increasing

age for most categories of diagnoses shown. Overall, the

average length of stay ranged from 4.7 days for patients

under 15 years of age to 8.6 days for patients 65 years and

over.

Utilization by procedures

One or more surgical or nonsurgical procedures were

performed for an estimated 20.7 million of the 33.4 million

inpatients discharged from short-stay hospitals during 1987.

A total of 39.1 million procedures, or an average of 1.9 per

patient who underwent at least one procedure, were recorded in 1987.

Procedures are grouped in the tables of this report by

the ICD-9-CM procedure chapters. Selected procedures

within these chapters also are presented by specific categories. Some of these categories (such as extraction of lens

and hysterectomy) are presented as single categories although they may be divided into more precise subgroups.

When grouped by chapters, miscellaneous diagnostic

and therapeutic procedures with 10.3 million procedures

ranked first among the surgical and nonsurgical procedures

performed during 1987. These were followed by operations

on the digestive system with 5.8 million procedures performed. Other leading chapters were obstetrical procedures with 5.4 million procedures, operations on the
4 advancedata

musculoskeletal system with 3.5 million procedures, and

operations on the cardiovascular system with 3.1 million

procedures. Approximately 72 percent of all procedures

performed in 1987 were included in these five ICD-9-CM

procedure chapters.

The number and rate of all-listed procedures in 1987

for each ICD-9-CM procedure chapter and selected procedure categories are shown by sex and age in tables 7 and 8.

Of the 39.1 million procedures performed during 1987,

15.7 million were for males and 23.4 million were for

females. The corresponding rates per 1,000 population

were 162 for both sexes, 134 for male$ and 188 for females.

Of the procedures shown in table 7, some mmmon ones for

males were arteriography and angiocardiography and computerized axial tomographjq the most frequently performed

procedures for females were episiotomy and cesarean section.

The rate of procedures per 1,000 population increased

with advancing age from 36 for patients under 15 years to

415 for patients 65 years of age and over. The most

frequently performed procedures for patients under 15

years of age were tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and spinal tap, for patients 1544 years of age, episiotomy and cesarean section; for patients 45-64 years (ofage,

arteriography and angiocardiography, computerized axial

tomography, and cardiac catherization; and for patients 65

years of age and over, computerized axial tomography,

diagnostic ultrasound and circulatory monitoring.

*Please replace previous edition with this newly revised copy. The text portion remains the

same. However, the tables have been changed.
advanceciata 5

TABLE 1. NUMBER OF INPATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM

SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS

UNITED STATES, 1987

@lSCHARGES FROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPITALS. EXCLUDES NEWBORN

INFANT8J

SELECTED BOTH

CHARAcnmsm SDCES MALE FEMALS

TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AGE

UNDER 15 YEARS . . . . . . . . . .

15+4 YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 YEARS AND OVER . . . . . . . .

REGION

NORTHE4BT . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MIDWEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BED SIZE

6-98BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-189BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

200-299BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

300+98BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

5COBEDSORMORE . . . . . . . .

OWNERSHIP

NONPROF~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-ATEANDLOCAL

GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . .

PROPRlflARY . . . . . . . . . . . .

NUMBEROFPATIENTS

DISCHARGEDINTHOUSANDS

33,387 13,568 19,818

2,688 1,537 1,160

13,142 3,874 9,268

7,099 3,528 3,571

10,459 4,62s 5,830

6,698 2,816 3,883

8,718 3,802 5,117

11,282 4,537 6,755

6,878 2,614 4,064

5,079 1,288 3,021

5,153 2,167 Z886

7,897 3,204 4,724

8,2JXI 3,407 4,902

6,849 2,803 4,046

TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AGE

UNDER15YEARS . . . . . . . . . .

15+4YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45+4YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65YEARSANDWER . . . . . . . .

TABLE3.AVERAGE LENGTHOFSTAY FOR INPATIENTS

DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS BYSELECTED

CHARACTERISTICS UNITEDSTATES,I 987

[DISCHARGESFROM NON-FEDERALHOSPITALS. EXCLUDESNEWSORN

INFANTS]

SELECTED BOTH

CI-W3ACTERISTI0 S&XES MALE FEMALE

22,801 9,287 13,514

6,680 2,781 4,079

3,725 1,5(M 2,225

NONPROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WATEANDLOCAL

GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . .

PROPRIETARY . . . . . . . . . . . .

REGION

NORTHEAST . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MIDWEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AGE

UNDER 15YEARS . . . . . . . . . .

1S44YE4RS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64’KARS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85YEARSANDWER . . . . . . .

REGION

NORTHEAST . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MIDWEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BED SIZE

8-896EDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-198BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

200-289BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

3DC499BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

500BEDSORMORE . . . . . . . .

TABLE2.RATEOF INPATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM

SHORT-STAYHOSPITALS, BYAG&GEOGRAPHIC REGION,

ANDSEX: UNITED STATES,19B7

[DISCHARGESFROM NON-FEOERALHDSPITAL8. EXCLUDESNEWSORN

INFANTS1

Bon+

AGEANDREGICW SEXES MALE FEMALE

RATEOFPATIENTS DISCHARGED

PER1,000POPUIATION

138.2 116.0 158.9

51.3 57.3 45,0

115.1 68,7 180.3

158.9 183.1 151.2

350.5 381.9 329.1

133.5 117.5 148,2

146.8 124.9 187.5

136.1 113.5 157.0

135.9 108.1 1529

AVERAGELENGTH OFSTAYINDAYS

6.4 6.9 6.1

4.7 4.7 4.7

4.8 6.4 4.2

6.8 6.7 6.9

8.6 8.3 8.9

7.5 7.3

6.7 z 6.3

6.2 6.7 5.8

5.5 6.2 5.0

4.9 5.1 4.8

6.3 6.6 6.1

6.2 6.7 5.8

7.0 7.4 6.7

7.3 8.1 6.8

6.6 7.1 6.3

6.0 6.8 5.5

5.9 6.3 5.6
6 advancedata

TABLE 4. NUMBER OF INPATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, BY CATEGORY OF FIRST-USTED DIAGNOSIS,

SEX, AND AGE UNITED STATES, 19S7

[DISCHARGES FROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPITALS. EXCLUDES NEWBORN INFANTS. DIAGNOSTIC GROUPINGS AND CODE NUMBER INCLUSIONS ARE BASED

ON THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFtCATION OF DISEASES, 8TH REVISION, CLINICAL MODIFICATION (lCD-S-CM)]

SEX AGE

UNDER 15 15-44 4$#

C4TEGORY OF FIRST4.ISTED DL4GNOSIS ANO ICD-9CM CODE

65 YEARS

TOTAL MALE FEMALE Y.mRs Y&4RS Y54RS AND OVER

NUMBER OF PATIENTS DISCHARGED IN THOUSANDS

ALL CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001-139

NEOPIASMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-239

MAUGNANT NEOPWMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14(W?08.230-234

MALIGNANT NEOPIASM OF LARGE INTESTINE

AND RECTUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...153-154.197.5

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF TRACHEA BRONCHUS, AND

LUNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16$3197.0.197.3

MAUGNANT NEOPIASM OF BREAST, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174-175,18S.81

BENIGN NEOPIASMS AND NEOPIASMS OF UNCERTAIN BEHAVIOR

AND UNSPECIFIED NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...210-228.235-232

ENDOCRIN& NUTRITIONAL AND M=ABOIJC DISEASES, AND IMMUNITY

DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..240-27S

DIAB=ES MELLITUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

DISEASES OF THE BLOOD AND SLOOD-FORMING ORGANS . . . . . . .2S0-289

MENTAL DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2S0-319

PSYCHOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2S&2S8

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...303

DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS . . . . ..323-3SS

DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. . . . . . .320+36,34&349

CATARACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...366

DISEASES OF THE EAR AND MASTOID PROCESS.. . . . . . . . . . .360-38S

DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3S0-459

HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . .391 -392.0,3S34SS,402,404,410416,420-429

ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFAR~lON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...414.0

OTHER ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE. . . . . . . . . . . .411-413,414.1 -414.9

CARDIAC DYSRI+THMIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...427

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...428.0

CEREBROVASWLARD ISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..WH38

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SY=EM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46U-519

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, D(CEPTINFLUENZ. . . . . . .A@3+86

CHRONIC DISEASE OF TONSIISAND ADENOIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...474

PNEUMONIA. AU FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-466

ASTHMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4S3

DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..520-67S

ULCERS OF THE STOMACH AND SMAUINTESTINE . . . . . . . ...531-534

GASTRITIS AND DUODENITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...535

APPENDICITIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Lv543

INGUINALHERNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..S50

NONINFEC710US ENTERITIS AND COLMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .555-55S,556

CHOLELITHIASIS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...574

DISEASESOFTHE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . ..!XKk62S

CALCULUSOFKIDNEYAND UR=ER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...592

HYPERPIASIAOFPROSTATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

COMPUTATIONS OFPREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, ANDTHE

PUERPERIUM’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~6

ASORTIONSAND ECTOPIC AND MOLAR PREGNANCIES . . . . . . . .630-S38

DISEASESOFTHE SKINAND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE . . . . . . . . . .~708

DISEASESOFTHE MUSCULOSKELmAL SYSTEMAND CONNECITVE

TISSUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...710-739

ARTHROPATHIES AND RELATED DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . ...71-719

INTERVERTEBRALDISCDISORDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...722

CONGENITALANOMAUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...74&758

CERTAIN Conditions ORIGINATING INTHEPERINATALPERIOD . ..760-779

SYMPTOMS,SIGNS, ANDILL-DEFINEDCONDITIONS. . . . . . . . . . ..7KF788

INJURYANO POISONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..S00-SS8

FRACTURES,ALLSITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..S0&82S

FRACTUREOFNECKOFFEMUR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...820

SPRAINSANDSTRAINS OFSACK(INCLUDING NEC~ . . . . . . . . . .846S47

INTRACRANIALINJURIES (EKCUDINGTHOSE WITHSKUU

FRACTURE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..850-S64

LACERATIONSANDOPENWOUNDS. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..870-S04

SUPPLEMENTARYCIASSIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..VOI-VS2

FEMALESWITHDEUVERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

33,3s7

6s4

2,331

1,879

1s6

305

462

1,066

474

323

1,781

814

849

363

63

1s6

5,572

3,736

760

1,040

521

605

SS5

2,962

416

218

924

464

3,583

181

276

301

622

2515

314

274

804

301

478

1,s55

4s4

4s6

240

121

450

3.027

1,062

249

159

238

260

4,327

3,911

13.5s6

336

266

868

88

180

●

88

415

188

145

935

377

248

437

174

24

so

2,868

2,016

478

241

549

257

392

1,478

218

100

46s

193

1,714

152

81

160

266

152

151

941

212

274

,..

. . .

22s

886

1s4

2s0

120

70

206

1,660

519

71

76

154

124

157

. . .

19,818

346

1,365

1,011

88

115

354

671

276

*7S

845

437

87

512

39

100

2,704

1,720

2s2

Y2S

491

336

502

1,504

1s8

119

456

261

1,849

140

Ss

114

35

236

371

1,574

102

. . .

So4

301

249

I,ms

206

119

51

242

1,367

543

177

83

84

66

4,1s9

3,911

2,ss8

191

56

3s

●

●

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18

54

27

52

65

12

●

1s0

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●

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32

19

●

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346

349

288

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3s

107

●

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53

12

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136

121

76

360

113

●

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58

33

52

11

13,142

228

433

v

:

204

263

131

6s

1,093

44s

216

260

134

+

40

450

242

46

16

62

40

:

586

61

70

13s

112

1,143

64

67

165

73

13s

184

1,114

148

●

696

297

172

734

128

252

63

●

162

1,377

3s1

%

lm

127

173

4,079

3,897

7,0ss

93

602

62

128

so

143

273

150

60

35s

179

82

197

so

11

26

1,743

1,236

279

178

415

126

103

191

537

so

●

13s

52

S53

64

51

30

94

56

162

578

113

67

●

●

106

613

128

180

28

*

145

515

164

21

36

23

34

97

*

10,468

172

1,040

128

164

87

67

456

16s

125

2s3

175

26

303

112

z

3,347

2,240

435

174

562

346

483

1,022

105

44:

101

1,270

742

4s

:

88

175

733

62

206

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. . .

162

554

215

53

13

65

775

404

217

18

39

20

98

. . .

1 F]~.usTEo~Ncjss FMFEMALESW DEuvERIESISCCXED V27,SHCWNLINDER %UHIEMENTARY c~sSFl~nms.”
advancadata 7

TABLE 5. RATE OF INPATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITA=, By CATEGORY OF FIRST-LISTED DIAGNOSIS, SEX

AND AGE: UNITED STATES, 1987

[DI~GES FROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPITALS. EXCLUDES NEWBORN INFANTS. DIAGNOSTIC GROUPINGS AND CODE NUMBER INCLUSIONS ARE SA6ED

ON THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DlSW3ES, STH REVISION, CLINICAL MODIFICATION (ICD-9-CM)]

SEX AGE

UNDER 15 15-44 45-S4 65 YEARS

CATEGORY W r7RS%USTED DL4GNOSISAND CD-9CM CODE TOTAL MALE FEM4LE Y&4RS YE4RS Y&4Rs AND OVB

RATE OF INPATIENTS DISCHARGED PER 10,000 POPLJIATiON

ALL CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lNFECTIWSAND PARASMCDIS-ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ool-l~

NEOPLASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . ..- . . ..l+2~

MALIGNANT NEOPIASMS . . . . . . . . . . ... ., . . . . . ..!-==234

%#E~myWLASM OF URGE INTESTINE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153-154,197.5

MAUGNANT NE=Sfd Of TRACHEA SRONCHUS, AND

LUNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l&L197.o,197.3

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF BREAST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174-175.193.81

BENIGN NEOPIASMS AND NEOPLASMS OF UNCERTA!N BEHAVIOR

AND UNSPECIFIED NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..210-22s.=33

ENDOCRINE, NUTRITIONAL AND METASOLIC DISEASES, AND IMMUNITY

DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2+~

DIABErES MELLITUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DISEASES OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS. . . . . . .2Kb269

MENTAL DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..X19

PSYCHOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...230--

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W3

DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS. -.. . .22W3S9

DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. . . . . . .~,34D-349

CATARACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DISEASES OF THE EAR U4DMA6TOIDPROCE66 . . . . . . . . . . ..~

DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M59

HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . .391-3S20,333—396 ,402,404,41 m16,4-26

ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEART DISE4SE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...414.0

OTHER ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . .411-473,4+ 4.1-414.9

CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...428.0

CERESRWASCULAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430434

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATDRYSYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...450-519

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, EXCEPT INFLUENZA . . . . . . .45tH6S

CHRONIC DISEASE OF TONSILS AND ADENOIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...474

PNEUMONIA, ALL FORMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-486

ASTHMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4s3

DIS-ESOFTHE DGESTIVESYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...520-579

ULCERS OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE . . . . . . . ...531-534

GASTRITIS AND DUODENITIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICITIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INGW4AL HERNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NONINFECTIOUS ENTERITIS AND COLITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55!+5E6,558

CHOLEUTHIAS4S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574

DISEASES OF THE GENITOURINARY SWTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...583429

CALCULUS OF KIDNEY AND URFXER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5S2

HYPERPIASIA OF PROSTATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, AND THE

PUERPERIUM1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~6

ABORTIONS AND ECTOPIC AND MOLAR PREGNANCIES . . . . . . . .8X)—633

DiS=E4SES OF THE SKIN AND SUSCUTANEWS TISSUE . . . . . . . . . .633-703

D#=~~ OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM AND Connective

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..71G73S

ARTHROPATHIES AND REIATED DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . ...710-719

INTERVERTEBRAL D16CDISORDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...722

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .740-753

CERTAIN CONDITIONS ORIGINATING IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD . ..7-779

SYMPTOMS, SIGNS, AND IU-DEFINED CONDITIONS. . . . . . . . . ...7-763

INJURY AND POISONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2CKW39

FRACTURES, ALL SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FRACTURE OF NECK OF FEMUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...820

SPRAINS AND STRAINS OF SACK (INCLUDING NECK). . . . . . . . . .84S-647

INTRACRANIAL INJURIES EXCUDING THOSE WITH SKULL

FRACTUREJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LACERATIONS AND OPEN WWNDS. ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8WS04

SUPPLEMENTARY CLASSIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VO1-V62

FEMALES WITH DELIVERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

1,381.6

26.3

9s.5

~.8

8.2

12.6

8.5

18.7

U.9

19.6

13.4

73.7

33.7

13.9

39.3

15.8

26

6.1

220.6

154.6

31.4

15.3

43.0

21.6

26.0

37.0

123.4

17.2

9.0

38.2

18.8

151.6

121

7.5

11.4

72.4

18.1

21.6

104.1

13.0

17.3

37.4

12.4

19.8

80.9

2:

9.9

5.0

1&6

125.2

43.9

10.3

6,6

9.6

10.6

f79.o

161.6

1,180.1

28.9

S2.6

74.2

8.5

16.3

●

8.3

35.5

16.9

124

20.0

322

21.2

37.4

14.9

20

&2

245.2

1724

z

48.9

21.9

23.0

33.5

12s.4

18.7

6.5

40.0

16.5

146.5

13.0

7.0

13.7

227

13.0

12.9

80.4

18.1

23.4

. . .

. . .

19.6

75.8

16.6

24.0

10.3

6.0

17.8

141.9

U.3

6.1

6.5

13.1

16.6

‘13.5

. . .

1,689.3

27.7

10s.4

81.0

7.9

9.2

16.3

28.4

53.8

221

14.3

67.8

35.0

7.0

41.1

18.7

3.2

8.0

216.8

136.0

226

10.2

33.4

21.2

R

120.6

15.9

9.5

3S.6

20.9

156.3

11.2

8.0

9.2

26

19.0

29.6

126.2

8.2

. . .

725

24.1

20.0

85.7

23.2

16.5

9.6

4.1

19.4

103.6

43.6

14.2

6.6

8

334.4

313.6

5129

3s.5

10.8

7.3

●

●

●

3.5

18.0

52

9.9

723

2.3

●

36.3

10.7

●

77.8

6.0

3.5

*

●

●I .3

W.9

●

146.3

36.3

27.9

36.9

28.4

56.9

2:

125

24

●

17.1

●

%.9

●

9.4

10.1

2.2

●

26.0

14.9

6s.7

21.8

●

●

11.0

6.2

10.0

20

1,151.0

79.9

37.9

20.1

*0.7

;:

17.6

23.0

11.4

7.5

95.7

33.2

16.9

22.8

11.7

3.:

39.4

21.2

4.0

;:

3.5

1.3

3.0

51.3

5.4

6.1

11.9

9.8

Im.1

5.8

5.9

14.4

lE

16.1

97.6

129

●

76.7

2s.0

15.0

64.3

11.3

221

5.5

*

14.2

120.7

33.4

●0.6

8.7

11.1

15.2

357.3

341.3

1,56S.6

20.5

in.2

145.5

13.6

26.5

19.8

31.7

8a4

33.2

13.3

79.4

38.4

20.3

43.5

17.7

2.4

5.7

386.1

273.+

61,5

33.3

81,6

26.4

227

423

118.7

132

●

30.7

20.4

210.5

18.6

11.3

6.7

20.8

123

35.8

127.7

25.0

14.9

*

●

23.1

135.5

28.4

38.8

8.1

●

321

113.7

36.2

4.5

6.4

::

21.4

●

3,506.5

57.7

348.5

319.5

43.0

z

29.0

1527

55.6

41.9

88.3

58.8

6.6

101.5

37.7

15.9

12.1

1,121.9

750,7

145.8

5s.4

18s.3

116,0

161.6

223.0

366.1

36.2

●

149.2

33.8

425.5

47.6

16.1

4.8

321

2s.5

5S.6

245.7

17.3

69.1

. . .

. . .

51.0

185.8

72.1

17.8

4.4

21.8

259.7

135,4

72.7

6.1

10.2

6.6

32.9

. . .

1Flm.UmD ~Noas F~ FEM~s WM+ OELNERES Is COOEDv27, SHOW UNDER“SUPPLEMENTARYCIASSIFCATIONS.”
8 advancedata

TABLE & AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY FOR lNpAmENTS DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, BY CATEGORY OF

FIRST-USTED DIAGNOSIS, SEX AND AGE IJNITED STATES, 1987

[DISCHARGES FROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPITALS. EXCLUDES NEWBORN INFANTS. DIAGNOSTIC GROUPINGS AND CODE NUMBER INCLUSIONS ARE BASED

ON THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES, 9TH REVISION, CLINICAL MODIFICATION (lCD-%CM)]

s= AGE

UNDER 15 15-44 45-64 65 YEARS

CATEG@lY Of FIRST-USTED DIAGNOSIS AND ICD-9-CM CODE TOTAL WE FEMALE Y.%IRS Y131RS YEARS AND OVER

AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY IN DAYS

ALL CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INFECTIOUS AND PARAWTIC DISEASES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001-132

NEOPIASMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1-239

MAUGNANT NEOPL4SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14~208.2=234

MAUGNANT NEOPLASM OF URGE INTESTINE AND

RECTUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l=l~o197.5

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF TRACHa BRONCHUS, ANO

LUNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l=.197.o.197.3

MAUGNANT NEOPIASM OF BREAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174-175,1~.Bl

BENIGN NEOPIASMS AND NEOPLASMS OF UNCERTAIN BEHAVIOR

AND UNSPECIFIED NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-=.235-239

ENDOCRINE, NUTRITIONAL AND METABOUC DISEASES, AND lMMUN~

DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2@279

DIAW7ESM EUJTUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.....2=

DISEASES OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS. . . . ...2-289

MENTAL DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~19

PSYCHOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-=

ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...303

DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS. . . . . .320+89

DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SY6TEM. . . . . . .320+36,340-349

CATARACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. ..~

DISEASES OF THE EAR AND MASTOID PR~ES . . . . . . . . . . ..380+82

DISE4SES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3-59

HE4RT DISEASE . . . . . . . . . .391 -392.0,393-396,402,404,41H16,420-429

ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...414.0

OTHER ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . .411+13.414.1-414.9

CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...427

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...428.0

CEREBROVASCLJIAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-519

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, EXCEPT INFLUENZA. . . . . . .4S)-466

CHRONIC OISEASE OF TONSILS AND ADENOIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...474

PNEUMONIA, ALL FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4~

ASTHMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

DISEASESOFTHEDIGESTIVESYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...520-579

ULCERSOFTHE STOMACH AND SMALLINTESTINE . . . . . . . ...531-534

GASTRITISAND DUODENmS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535

APPENDICITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540-543

INGUINALHERNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...550

NONINFECTIOUS ENTERITIS ANDCOUTIS . . . . . . . . . . . ...555-556.553

CHOLELITHIASIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574

DISEASESOFTHE GENITOURINARYSYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-629

CALCULUSOFKIIJNWANDUR=ER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...592

HYPERPIJASIAOFPROSTATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, ANDTHE

PUERPERIUM’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..630-676

ABORTIONSAND ECTOPICANDMOLAR PREGNANCIES . . . . . . . .63&639

DISEASESOFTHE SKINAND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. . . . . . . ...683702

DISEASESOFTHE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ANDCONNECTIVE

TISSUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...71&739

ARTHROPATHIESAND REIATEDDISORDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . ...71&719

INTERVERTEBRALDISCDISORDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .722

CONGENITALANOMAUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

CERTAINCONDITIONS ORIGINATING INTHEPERINATALPERIOD . ..760-779

SYMPTOMS, SIGNS,AND ILL-DEFINED CONDITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . .7&792

INJURYANDPOISONING. ..,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8@229

FRACTURES,ALLSITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..&29

FRACTUREOFNECKOFFEMUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..820

SPRAINSAND STRAINSOFBACK(INCLUDING NECIQ. . . . . . . ...646-847

INTRACRANIMINJURIES (2%CUDINGTHOSE W~HSKULL

FRACTURE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..=0-654

LACERATIONSAJ4DOPENWOUNDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..87C@04

SUPPLEMENTARYCLASSIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VOl-V62

FEMALESWITHDELIVERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

6.4

7.6

8.0

8.7

11.8

8.9

6.2

5.4

7.3

7.6

6.0

12.3

13.7

10.9

6.0

9.8

;:

7.6

6.9

8.5

6.3

5.2

5.7

8.4

10.1

6.3

4.6

1.2

8.0

4.8

6.2

6.9

4.2

4.7

2.6

4.9

7.0

5.0

3.5

5.4

2.7

2.2

7.9

6.4

7.6

6.4

6.0

9.8

4.1

6.7

8.9

13.9

5.4

5.8

4.0

3.2

3.1

6.9

8.3

8.7

9,0

11.8

8.7

●

5.8

7.3

7.7

6.1

11.9

13.0

10.6

6.3

+0.7

21

2.6

7.2

6.7

8.0

6.1

4.9

5.6

8.2

9.6

6.4

4.4

1.2

7.9

4.4

5.7

6.8

4.1

4.6

2.5

4.6

7.6

5.2

3.2

5.4

. . .

. . .

7.2

5.9

6.8

56

5.7

9.6

3.7

6.3

8.3

14.3

5.1

6.3

4.0

5.8

. . .

6.1

7.0

7.5

8.3

11.8

9.2

6.1

5.3

7.3

7,6

5.9

12.8

14.2

11.7

5.7

9.1

1.6

3.0

7.9

7.2

9.4

6.8

5.5

5.8

8.6

10.4

6.2

4.9

1.3

8.1

5.1

6.6

7.0

4.3

4.9

3.2

5.0

6.8

5.0

4.2

. . .

2.7

2.2

8.6

6.9

6.5

7.0

6.2

10.1

4.4

7.1

9.4

73.6

5.7

4.9

4.1

3.1

3.1

4.7

4.0

5.1

6.0

●

●

●

3.1

5.0

5.4

3.5

24.0

24.2

●

4.4

8.6

*

2.3

7.0

8.2

●

●

*7.4

●6.6

*

3.2

3.1

1.2

4.4

3.3

3.3

●

2.4

4.2

1.9

2.8

●

3.3

●

●1.8

●

4.2

5.2

6.6

●

6.1

9.9

3.4

4.3

5.4

●

*

2.7

3.2

4.7

2.8

4.8

6.9

5.9

7.1

*9.7

7.6

5.9

4.5

5.1

5.4

5.0

11.7

13.2

11.2

5.9

7.7

2;

5.8

5.5

6.8

4.3

3.7

3.6

6.4

12.1

4.5

3.7

1.4

6.7

4.1

4.9

4.5

4.0

4.3

2.1

4.8

5.6

3.9

3.0

*

2.7

2.2

5.9

4.8

4.3

5.9

4.8

*

3.5

5.5

7.2

*1 4.9

5.2

6.5

3.8

3.1

3.1

6.6

10.0

7.8

8.2

10.8

8.7

5.9

5.5

7.3

7.9

6.1

11.3

13.5

10.4

6.2

10.1

1.8

3.4

6.7

6.2

8.0

5.5

4.7

4.9

8.0

9.9

7.0

6.1

*

8.3

5.8

6.2

6.1

4.2

::

6.4

6.4

5.0

3.4

4.6

*

*

6.4

6.1

7.6

6.3

7.8

●

4.9

6.8

7.8

11.6

5.9

6.2

4.4

3.9

●

8.6

11.2

9.3

9.4

12.4

9.1

6.6

7.7

9.0

9.4

7.6

13.0

14.5

10.9

6.9

127

1.6

3.7

8.2

7.5

9.0

7.4

5.7

6.2

lE

9.1

7.1

+

10.0

7.0

8.0

8.5

5.1

8.5

3.7

6.5

9.1

7.0

5.4

5.7

. . .

. . .

11.2

9.1

40.1

8.7

6.8

4.6

9.9

11.6

14.1

6.0

8.4

6,7

6.7

. . .

‘ FIWT-U~D ~GNOSIS F~FEMUSWW DE~~lES lS~WDV27, SH~UNDER -SUPPWMEWA~ CUSSFlCATONS..
acivancedata 9

TABLE 7. NUMBER OF ALL-LISTED PROCEDURES FOR INPATENTS DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, BY PROCEDURE

CATEGORY, S- AND AGE: UNITED STATES, 1987

[DISCHARGES FROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPITALS. DCLUDES NEWBORN INFANTS. PROCEDURE GROUPINGS AND CODE NUMBER INCLUSIONS ARE BASED

ON THE INTERNATIONAL CMS.SIFICATION OF DISEASES, 9TH REVISION, CLINICAL MODIFICAmON (ICD-9-CM)]

SEX AGE

PRLXXL7URECATEGORYAND CD-9-CM CODE

LNDER 15 lM 45+4 65 YEARS

TOTM MALE FEMALE Y.54RS YIW7S YEARS AND OVER

NUMBER OF ALL-LISTED PRCCEOUFIES IN THOUSANDS

ALL PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0PEFL4TIONS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...01-05

SPINAL TAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...03.31

OPERATIONS ON THE ENOOCRINE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...06-07

Operations ON THE EYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...09-16

EXTRACTION OF LENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...13.1-13.6

INSERTION OF PRDSTHMC LENS (%2EUDOPHAKOS) . . . . . . . . . ...13.7

OPERATIONS ON THE EAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1s-20

OPERATIONS ON THE NOSE, MOUTH, AMY PHARYNX . . . . . . . . ...21-22

RHINOPLASTY AND REPAIF?OFNCLSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2I.8

TONSILLECTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT AOENOIDECTKMAY. . . . ...28.2-28.3

OPERATIONS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...30-34

BRONCHOSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33.21 -33.23

OPERATIONS ON THE CARDIOVASCULARS YSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . .35+9

REMOVAL OF CORONARy ARTERY OBSTIWCTlON. . . . . . . . . . . ...36.0

DIRECTHEART RwA8cULARIZAT10N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...36.1

CARDIAC tiTHETERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.21 -37.23

PACEMAKER lNSERT1ON, REPL4CEME~, REMOV&REPAIR . . .37.7+7.8

OPERATIONS ON THE HEMIC AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . ...40-41

OPERATIONS ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4H

ESOPHAGOSCOPY AND GASTROSCOPY (NATURAL ORIFICE) . .4223,44.13

PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY AND RESECTION OF

INTESTINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~.~.s.45.w5.B

ENDOSCOPY OF LARGE INTESTINE (NATURAL ORIFICE) . . . . . . ...45.24

APPENDE~OMY, EXCLUDINQ INCIDENTAL, . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ...47.0

HEMORRHOIDECIKNAY. . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49.4&49.46

CHOLECYSTECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...51.2

REPAIR OF INGUINAL HERNIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...53.0-53.1

DIVISION OF PERITONEAL ADHESIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...54.5

39,118

914

351

108

497

83

68

176

937

125

244

1,018

126

3,116

184

666

396

5,842

153

OPERATIONS ON THE URINARY SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sw~, 1,721

END08C0ptES (NATURAL 0FNFIcq . ..-. -.-. -.%.zl~.-&-ti.3 {.i7.3z53.23

. .. —-.

OPERATiONS ONTHEMNE GENITAL ORGAN5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..60-s4

PROSTATECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W.2-60.6

OPERATIONS ON THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s5-71

ODPHORECTOMYAND SWPINWX30PHORECTDMY. . . . . . ...65.3-65.6

BIIATERAL DESTRUCTION OR OCCLUSION OF FALLOPIAN

TUBES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................~.~.3

HYSTERECTOMY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ss.343.7

DIIATION AND CUREITAGEOFUTERUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..wO

REPAIR OF CYSTOCELEAND RECTDCELE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...70.5

OBSTmRICAL PRCXEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-75

EPISIOTOMY WITH OR mHOUT FORCEPS OR VACUUM

EXTRACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..72. I.7Z21.7231.7Z71 .73.6

CESAREAN SECTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.+74.2,74.4,74.s@

REPAIR OF CURRENT OBST=RICIACERATION . . . . . . . . . ...75.5-75.6

OPERATIONS ON THE MUSCULOSKELErAL SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . .7&84

OPEN REDUCTION OF FRACTURE EXCEPT JAW. .76.79,78.2-79.3,79.5-79.6

OTHER REDUCTION OF FRACTURE

EXCEPT JAW...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.70,76.78,79 &79.j,79.4

EXCISION OR DESTRUCTION OF INTERVERTEBI%4L DISC AND SPINAL

FUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Eo.5.81.O

ARTHROPLASTYAND REPLACEMENT OF KNEE . . . . . . . . . . .81.41 +1.47

ARTHROPIAWAND REPUCEMENT OF HIP. . . . . . . . . . . ...81.5-31.6

OPERATIONS ON MUSCLES, TENDONS, FASCM AND

BURSA R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..82+3.1.s3.3-s3.9

0PERAT10N50N THEhJTEGuMENTAfly. SySTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-86

MASTECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85.4

EXCISION OR DESTRUCTION OF LESION OR TISSUE OF SKIN OR

.3u8C~ANEOU5 TIs.SuE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ss.2-s6.4

SIONGFiA~(EXcEPT LIp OR MOUTH). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...33.6-36.7

MISCELMNEOUS DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC Procedures. . ..87-28

C0MPaEf112ED AXLWT0MOGRAIWY. . . . ..87.a3.67.41.87.7vxI.ol.66.36

PYELOGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..87.73-B7.75

ARTERIOGRAPHY AND ANGIOCARDIWRAPHY USING CONTRAST

MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..sB.4-3s.5

DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s3.7

CIFICuUTOFIy MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s9.6

RADIOISOTOPE SCAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.&921

837

747

410

2,884

4W

415

655

379

149

5,358

1,833

953

660

3,466

481

205

352

210

212

322

1,600

141

668

149

10,335

1,646

1,448

1,596

821

759

15,716

474

181

30

225

31

25

106

465

60

115

600

121

1,636

123

244

132

202

2517

74

139

185

164

52

z

53

1,089

473

747

4*O

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,718

257

110

202

106

66

162

667

*

302

88

5,018

614

190

868

616

430

3s0

23,402

439

169

79

272

52

u

71

452

65

122

418

75

1,279

62

86

333

101

196

3,326

79

1:

139

45

38

288

631

164

. . .

. . .

2,884

490

415

655

379

149

5,358

1,833

953

1,748

223

95

150

104

146

140

933

140

268

61

5,317

744

580

981

391

1,686

162

143

●

32

●6

●

93

239

●6

162

47

14

99

●

19

●

20

229

●8

●6

;

●

42

●

54

13

70

. . .

●7

●

+

●

18

*7

+

●5

209

30

54

*5

●

●

25

95

●

38

16

460

86

*lo

17

69

53

18

15,632

306

20

u

26

●7

●

42

432

88

80

197

22

331

17

-

72

●8

60

1,815

26

45

67

186

48

199

77

194

380

91

75

●

2108

276

413

406

314

43

!5,337

1,828

951

1,477

200

72

176

79

11

155

642

18

235

57

2271

125

155

490

109

136

9,252

Zxl

48

37

?16

14

13

22

161

23

●

315

59

1,274

104

170

44’0

49

113

1,511

43

84

102

33

32

163

m

70

476

170

160

w

538

163

●

188

48

59

●

●

●

839

66

26

133

40

40

91

434

60

126

35

3,032

396

93

683

784

219

---- . . . . . .. . .--. _,,.---- .— -——_

12,369

206

70

24

246

57

54

20

105

●7

*

46s

93

1,412

64

152

328

174

164

2,287

76

172

245

17

17

172

111

74

611

363

442

318

231

50

. . .

60

16

46

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

941

165

53

38

86

161

51

430

62

I@

42

4S72

796

105

593

677

475

366

—,. -
10 advancedata

TABLE 8. RATE OF ALL-USTED PROCEDURES FOR INPATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, BY PROCEDIJRE

CATEGORY, SEX) AND AGE UNITED STATES, 1987

[DISCHARGESFROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPmALS. =CLLJDEs NEWBORN INFANTS. pRoCFDuRE GROuplNGS AND CODE NUMBER INCLUSIONS ARE 8ASED

ON THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES, 9TH REVISION, CLINICAL MODIFICATION (ICD-9-CM)]

s&x AGE

PROCEDURE CATEGORY AND ICD-9GV CODE

UNDER 15 15-44 4t&S4 65 YEARS

TOTAL MALE FEMALE YEARS Y&4RS YEARS AND OVER

AU PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OPERATIONS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...01-05

SPINAL TAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...03.31

OPERATIONS ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H7

OPERATIONS ON THE EYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...08-16

EXR4CTION0 FL ENS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...13.1-13.6

INSERTIONOFPROSTH=ICL ENS(PSEUDOPHAKOS),. . . . . . . . ...13.7

OPERATIONS ON THE EAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...18-20

OPERATIONS ON THE NOSE, MOUTH, ANOPHARYNX . . . . . . . . . ...21-22

RHINOPLASTY AND REPAIR OF NOSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...21.8

TONSILLECTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT ADENOIDECKMY. . . . ...28.2-28.3

OPERATIONS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...30-34

BRONCHOSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33.21 +3.23

OPERATIONS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . ...36-36

REMOVAL OF CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . ..36.0

DIRECT HEART REVASCUIARIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...38.1

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.21 -37.23

PACEMAKER INSERTION, REPLACEMENT, REMOV&REPAIR . ..37.7-37.8

OPERATIONS ON THE HEMICAND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . ...40-41

OPERATIONS ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42-64

ESOPHAGOSCOPY AND GASTROSCOPY (NATURAL ORIFICE) . .42.23,44.13

PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY AND RESECTION OF

INTESTINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...43.5-43.8.45.8+5.8

ENDOSCOPY OF!ARGE INTESTINE (NATURAL ORIFICE) . . . . . . ...45.24

APPENDECTOMY, EXCLUDING INCIDENTAL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...47.0

HEMORRHOIDECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49.4%$9.46

CHOLECYSTECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...51.2

REPAIR OF INGUINALHERNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53.0+3.1

DIVISION OF PER~ONEALADHESIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...54.5

operations oNTHEuRINARY sYsTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...55-69

ENDOSCOPIES (NATURAL ORIFICE) . . . . . . .55.21 -55.22,56.31,57.32,58.22

OPERATIONS ON THE MALE GENITAL ORGANS . . . . . . . . . . . . ...60-64

PROSTATECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...60.-.6

OPERATIONS ONTHEFEMALEGENITAL ORGANS. . . . . . . . . . . . ...65-71

OOPHORECTOMYAND SALPINGO-OOPHORECTOMY . . . . . . . . .65.=5.6

BILATERALDESTRUCTION OROCCLUSIONOF FALLCPIAN

TUBES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.-.3

HYSTERECTOMY .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. <.66.3-66.7

DILATIONANDCUREITAGEOFUTERUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...69.0

REPAIR OF CYSTOCELEAND RECTOCELE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...70.5

OBST=RICALPROCEDURES . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-75

EPISIOTOMYVWTH ORWITHOUTFORCEPS ORVACUUM

EX?’RACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..72.l.72.2l.72.3l.72.7l.73.6

CESAREANSECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.&74.2.74.4.74.99

REPAIR OF CURRENT Obstetric LACERATION. . . . . . . . . . , .75.5-76.6

OPERATIONS ONTHEMUSCULOSKELETALSYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . ...76-64

OPEN REDUCTION OF FRACTURE EXCEPT JAW. .76,79,79.2-79 .3,79. S79.6

OTHERREOUCTION OFFRACTURE

EXCEPTJAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..770.76778.797G7971.7974.4

EXCISION ORDESTRUCTION OFINTERVERTEBRAL DISCANDSPINAL

FUSION, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...60.5.81.0

ARTHROPIASIYAND REPLACEMENT OFKNEE. . . . . . . . . . .81.41dl.47

ARTHROPLASIYAND REPLACEMENT OFHIP. . . . . . . . . . . ...61.5-61.6

OPERATIONS ONMUSCLES, TENDONS,FASCIA, AND

BURSA R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...62-83.1.83.3-83.9

OPERATIONS ONTHEINTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . SE-88

MASTECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65.4

EXCISION ORCIESTRUCION OFLESIONORTISSUE OFSKINOR

SUBCUTANEOUSTISSUE . . . . . . . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...86.2-86.4

SKINGRAR (EXCEPTUP ORMOUTH). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...86.&86.7

MISCEUANEOUS DIAGNOSTICAND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES. . ..87-99

COMPUTERIZED AXIALTOMOGRAPHY. . . . . ,87.03,67.41,87.71,88.01,86.38

PYELOGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67.73+7.75

ARTERIOGRAPHY AND ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY USINGCONIV3AST

MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.4-68.5

DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..86.7

CIRCULATORYMONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...89.6

RADIOISOTOPESCAN, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

RATEOFALLUSTED PROCEDURESPER 100,@30POPULAT10N

16,167.3

376.1

145.1

45.0

205.7

244

28.4

73.0

387.5

51.5

101.0

421.3

61.1

1,269.5

76.3

137.3

358,2

96.7

164,6

2,417.6

63.3

127.3

171.9

125.3

40.0

221.9

136.2

140.3

712.0

263.6

309,2

169.7

1,193.2

202,8

171.8

270.9

157.0

61.5

2,217.3

75a.7

394.2

273.1

1,434.2

196.9

84,6

145.7

86,9

87.8

133.2

662.2

58.4

235.1

61.8

4,276.7

681.3

138.1

599,2

660.5

339.8

314.0

13,437.2

405.6

155.2

25.3

1927

28.7

21.1

20.5

414.5

51.1

98.5

512.6

103.8

1,571.2

104.9

208.6

455.4

113.2

173.0

2,151.6

63.4

118.9

156.5

140.3

44.6

126.6

247.7

45.4

931.5

404.3

636.6

350.7

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. ..

. ..

. ..

. ..

. ..

1,469.0

219.9

93.9

172.6

90.5

66.3

155.5

570.3

●

256.5

75.4

4,260.6

695.7

162,2

742.2

526.3

367.4

299.0

18,766.7

352.4

135.7

83.6

217.9

41.5

35.3

56.7

382.2

51.9

103.3

335.6

59.6

1,025.3

49.5

70.4

287.0

81.2

157.1

2,667.0

63.2

135.1

184.4

111.2

35.8

311.4

31.6

229.3

508.1

131.6

. . .

. . .

2,3124

323.1

333.0

524.9

304.2

119.3

4,297.0

1,470.2

783,9

529.3

1,401.5

779.1

76.3

120.5

63.6

117.3

112.2

748.3

112.0

213.2

49.0

4,263.7

667.7

115.5

465.0

786,3

313.8

328.0

3,560.3

348.2

272.1

*

75.1

●1O.6

●

176.7

455.6

*1 0.6

303.1

80.0

27.4

189.4

35.;

*

39.0

437.5

*14.7

●1O.7

●

128.5

●

79.6

*

103.5

24.5

133.3

. . .

*13.3

*

●

●

34.5

●12.8

●

●8,7

398.0

66.6

102.8

*1 0.2

●

●

48.0

161.8

●

72.4

30.2

877.6

164.7

*19.6

1=

100,6

33.7

13,621.7

266.0

76.9

38.5

64.0

●5.6

*

36,5

378.4

77.8

70.4

172.7

25.5

289.6

14.9

●7.6

69.5

*6.7

70.4

1,562.6

22.6

39.6

56.4

163.3

42.0

174.1

87.2

169.7

332.5

79.6

65.7

*

1,846.2

242.0

361.9

365.9

275.0

36.0

4,874.5

1,599.6

632.6

574.2

1,283.6

174.8

63.3

164.3

66.9

9.4

135.8

562.1

16.1

20s.2

50.0

1,s69. 1

320.7

109.6

136.0

426.6

95.6

119.0

20,443.5

485.5

106.5

82.8

255.8

31.1

29.2

49.2

356.0

50.5

●

696.6

130.9

2.815.7

228.9

376.7

972.2

107.6

250.2

3,338.5

95.5

188.5

224.6

729

71.3

360.7

219.5

153,7

1,051.6

376.3

353.8

199.1

1,166.4

360.8

415,;

106.7

131.2

●

●

●

1,654.4

190.8

56.7

292.9

66.5

68.2

200.4

958.3

133.4

277.4

76.6

6,69S.2

875.6

206.5

1,506.4

795,3

41X.6

483.9

41,456.9

689.2

234.1

79.8

825.1

190.4

180.3

66.8

350.7

●24.5

‘b

1,538.5

312.9

4,732.8

214.1

511.0

1,098.4

584.0

617.5

7,666.6

255.2

577.5

621.1

S5.8

55.6

5m.1

372.8

247.0

2,717.3

1,216.5

1,481.9

1,067.0

774.1

167.9

. . .

200.4

55.2

163.9

. . .

. . .

. . .

3,153.8

553.0

177.9

127.5

288.6

536.7

170.5

1,439.7

206.4

567.3

139.6

15,325.3

2,673.3

351.4

1,967.6

2,269.9

1,592.8

1,294.4
acivancedata 11

References

National Center for Health Statisti~, M. G. Sirken. 1%7s. Utilization of shofi-stay hosptials, summary of nonmedical statistic,

United States, 1%5. Vital and Health Statistic. series 13, No. 2.

PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Sewice, Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, M. J. Witkin. 1967b. Utilization of short-stay hospitals by characteristics of discharged

patients, United States, 1965. Vital and Health Statistics. Series

13, No. 3. PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington.

U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statisti~ E. J. Graves. 1987. Utiliza.

tion of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1985, annual summaxy.

Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 91. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 87-1752. Public Health Sexvice. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

U.S. Public Health Sem”ce and Health Care Financing Administration. 1980. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 80-1260.

Public Health Semite. Washington. U.S. Government Printing

Office.

National Gmter for Health Statisti% W. R Simmons. 1970.

Development of the design of the NCHS Hospital Discharge

Survey. Vital and Health Statistics. Series z No. 39. PHS Pub, No.

1000. Public Health Sem”ce. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office.

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category notapplicable

Quant.~ zem

0.0 Quant.hymore than zero but lessthan

0.05

z Quantitymore than zero but lessthan

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

* Figuredoes not meet standards of

reliabilii or preoision(see Taohnical

notes)

# Figure suppressedto comply with

oonfk!entielityrequirements
12 advancedata

Technical notes

Survey methodology

Source of data

The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) encompasses patients discharged from short-stay hospitals,

exclusive of military and Veterans Administration hospitals,

located in 50 States and the District of Columbia. Only

hospitals with six beds or more and an average length of

stay of less than 30 days for all patients are included in the

survey. Discharges of newborn infants are excluded from

this report.

The original universe for the survey consisted of 6,965

hospitals contained in the 1963 National Master Facility

Invento~. New hospitals were sampled for inclusion in the

survey in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, and 1985. In

all, 558 hospitals were sampled in 1987. Of these hospitals,

92 refused to participate and 66 were out of scope. The 400

participating hospitals provided approximately 181,000 abstracts of medical records.

Sample design and data collection

AN hospitals with 1,000 beds or more in the universe of

short-stay hospitals were selected with certainty in the

sample, AU hospitals with fewer than 1,000 beds were

stratified, the primary strata being 24 size-by-region classes.

Within each of these 24 primag strat~ the allocation of the

hospitals was made through a controlled selection technique so that hospitals in the sample would be properly

distributed with regard to type of ownership and geographic

division. Sample hospitals were drawn with probabilities

ranging from certainty for the largest hospitals to 1 in 40 for

the smallest hospitals. The within-hospital sampling ratio

for selecting sample discharges varied inversely with the

probability of selection of the hospital.

In 1985, for the first time, there were two data collection procedures used for the survey. The first was the

traditional manual system of sample selection and data

abstraction. The second involved the purchase of data tapes

from commercial abstracting services. In 1987 this automated method was used in approximately 17 percent of the

sample hospitals.

In the manual procedure hospitals, sample discharges

were selected using the daily listing sheet of discharges as

the sampling frame. These discharges were selected by a

random technique, usually on the basis of the terminal digit

or digits of the patient’s medical record number. The

sample selection and abstraction of data from the face

sheets and discharge summaries of the medical records

were performed by the hospital staff or by representatives

of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The

completed forms were forwarded to NCHS for coding,

editing, and weighting procedures.

For the automated procedure hospitals, tapes containing machine-readable medical record data are purchased

from commercial abstracting services. These tapes are subject to NCHS sampling, editing, and weighting procedures.

A detailed description of the automated process is to be

published.

The Medical Abstract Form and the abstract service

data tapes contain items relating to the personal characteristics of the patient, including birth date, se% ra,ce, and

marital status but not name and address; administrative

information, including admission and discharge dates, discharge status, and medical record numbe~ and medical

information, including diagnoses and surgical and ]nonsurgical operations or procedures. Since 1977, patient zip

code, expected source of payment, and dates of surgery

have alw been collected. (The medical record number and

patient zip code are cmsidered confidential information

and are not available to the public.)

Presentation of estimates

Statistics produced by NHDS are derived by a complex

estimating procedure. The basic unit of estimation is the

sample inpatient discharge abstract. The estimating, procedure used to produce essentially unbiased national estimates in NHDS has three principal component~ inflation

by reciprocals of the probabilities of sample selection,

adjustment for nonresponse, and ratio adjustment to freed

totals. These components of estimation are described in

appendix I of two earlier publications (NCHS, 1967a,

1967b).

Based on consideration of the complex sample design

of NHDS, the following guidelines are used for presenting

NHDS estimates in this reperk

. If the sample size is less than 30, the value of the

estimate is not reported. Only an asterisk (*) is shown

in the tables.

. If the sample size is 30-59, the value of the estimate is

reported but should be used with caution. The estimate

is preceded by an asterisk (*) in the tables.

Sampling errors and rounding of numbers

The standard error is a measure of the sampling

variability that occurs by chance because only a sample,

rather than an entire universe, is surveyed. The relative

standard error of the estimate is obtained by divicling the

standard error by the estimate itself and is expressed as a

percent of the estimate. Relative standard errors for the

first-listed diagnoses and all-listed procedures are slhown in

table I. The relative standard errors for region and ownership of hospital are approximately 1% times larger. The

standard errors for average lengths of stay are shown in

table II.

Estimates have been rounded to the nearest thousand.

For this reason, figures within tables do not always add to

the totals. Rates and average lengths of stay were calculated

from original, unrounded figures and will not necessarily

agree precisely with rates or average lengths of stqy calculated from rounded data.
advancedata 13

Table L Approximate relative stsndsrd errors of estimsted

numbers of first- listed discharges ●nd all-llsted procedures:

lJnItedStates, 1987.

Fkst-lktad A1l-mtad

S&a ofastbnate dlaanost3 Dmiwdum?

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 16.4

10,OQO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 13.8

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 9.8

Ioo,ooo........................ 5.5 8.6

600,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.6

I,ooomoo... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.0

3,000,0C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 5.2

5,000,C00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.9

Io,ooo,ckm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.6

20,0M,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.3

30,cm,ooo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1

40,0C0,0LX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . .

Table H. Approximate standard errors of ●verage length of stay

by number ofdiaeharge- United States, 1987

Averegekmgthofstay &?days

NutnbarcMdischwas 2 6 10 20

Standard error In days

Io,ooo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.2 1.7 22

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.4

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2

500.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9

1,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.7

5,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.8 . . .

Tests of significance

In thisreport, the determinationof statistical inference

is based on the two-tailed Bonferroni test for multiple

comparisons. Terms relating to differences such as “higher”

and ~ess” indicate that the differences are statisticdy significant. Terms such as “similar” or “no difference” mean

that no statistically significant difference existsbetweenthe

estimates being compared. A lack of comment on the

difference between any two estimates does not mean that

thedifferencewas testedandfound tobenotsignificant.

Definition ofterms

Termsrelatingto hospitals and hospital

characteristics

Ho.@taZs—Short-stay special and general hospitals

have six beds or more for inpatient use and an average

length of stay of less than 30 days. Federal hospitals and

hospitaJ units of institutions are not included.

Bed ske of hospital-Measured by the number of beds,

criis, and pediatric bassinets regularly maintained (set up

and staffed for use) for patients; bassinets for newborn

infants are not included. In this report, the classification of

hospitalsbybed sizereported by the hospitalsis basedon

the number of beds at or near midyear.

~pc? of ownenrhipof hospitaI—Determined by the organization that controls and operates the hospital. Hospitals are grouped as follows:

● VoluntarynonprojZ—Hospitals operated by a church or

another nonprofit organization.

. Governnzent-Hospitals operated by a State or local

government.

. Proprietary-Hospitals operated for profit by individuals, partnerships, or mrporations.

Terms relating to hospitalization

Patient-A person who is formally admitted to the

inpatient service of a short-stay hospital for observation,

care, diagnosis, or treatment, In this report, the number of

patients refers to the number of discharges during the year

including any multiple discharges of the same individual

from one or more short-stay hospitals. Infants admitted on

the day of birth, directly or by transfer from another

medicaI facility, with or without mention of disease, disorder, or immaturity, are included. All newborn infants,

defined as those admitted by birth to the hospitals, are

excluded from this report. The terms “patient” and “inpatient” are used synonymously.

Dzkchzge-The formal release of a patient by a hospital; that is, the termination of a period of hospitalization by

death or by disposition to place of residence, nursing home,

or another hospital. The terms “discharges” and “patients

discharged” are used synonymously.

Discharge rate—The ratio of the number of hospital

discharges during a year to the number of persons in the

civilian population on July 1 of that year.

Days of care-The total number of patient days accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged from

short-stay hospitals during a year. A stay of less than 1 day

(patient admission and discharge on the same day) is

counted as 1 day in the summation of total days of care. For

patients admitted and discharged on different days, the

number of days of care is computed by counting aIl days

from (and including) the date of admission to (but not

including) the date of discharge.

Rate of days of care-The ratio of the number of

patient days accumulated at time of discharge by patients

discharged from short-stay hospitals during a year to the

number of persons in the civilian population on July 1 of

that year.

Average length of stay-The total number of patient

days accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged during the year, diw.ded by the number of patients

discharged.

Terms relating to diagnoses

Discha7gediagnoses-On&or more diseases or injuries

(or some factor that influences health status and contact

with health services that is not itself a current illness or

injury) listed by the attending physician on the medical

record of a patient. In the NHDS all discharge (or final)

diagnoses listed on the face sheet (summary sheet) of the

medical record for patients discharged from the inpatient

service of short-stay hospitals are transcribed in the order

listed. Each sample discharge is assigned a maximum of

seven five-digit codes according to ICD-9-CM (U.S. Public

Health Semite and Health Care Financing Administration,
14 advancedata

1980). The number of principal or first-listed diagnoses is

equivalent to the number of discharges.

Ptinciptd diagrwsis-The condition established after

study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the patient to the hospital for care.

Fbst-listed diagnosis-The coded diagnosis identified

as the principal diagnosis or listed first on the face sheet of

the medical record if the pMcipal diagnosis cannot be

identified. The number of first-listed diagnoses is equivalent to the number of discharges.

Procedures-One or more surgical or nonsurgicrd operations, procedures, or special treatments assigned by the

physician to patients discharged from the inpatient service

of short-stay hospitals. In the NHDS, all terms listed on the

face sheet (summary sheet) of the medical record under the

captions “operation,” “operative procedures,” “operations

and/or special treatment: and the like are transcribed in

the order listed. A maximum of four procedures is coded.

Rate of pmcedunx-The ratio of the number of alllisted procedures during a year to the number of persons in

the civilian population on July 1 of that year determines the

rate of procedures.

Demographicterms

Age-Refers to the age of the patient on the birthday

prior to admission to the hospital inpatient service.

Population— Civilian population is the resident population excluding members of the Armed Forces.

Geographic re@ms— Hospitals are classified by location in one of the four geographic regions of the United

States cxxresponding to those used by the U.S. Bureau of

the Census:

Regkm

Northeast . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . .

south . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . .

States included

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Rhode Island,

Connecticut, New Yorkj New Jersey,

and Pennsylvania

Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Indian%

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,

Missouri, North Dakot~

South Dakot~ Nebraska,

and &lWiS

Delaware, Maryland, District of

Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia,

North Carolinq South Carolina, Geor-

@%

Floridq Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabamz Mississippi, Akansas, Louisian&

Oklahoma, and Texas

Montan& Idaho, Wyoming,

Colorado, New Mexico, Arizonq

Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon,

California, Hawaii, and Alaska

●U.S. G.P. O. 1988-201-876*80005
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 160 . September 26, 1988

AIDS

Introduction

Knowledge and Attitudes for May and June 1988

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph. D., Division of Health Interview Statistics

The National Center for Health Statistics has included

a special set of supplemental questions on the adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about squired irnmunodefieieney syndrome (AIDS) in the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS). The first AIDS Knowledge and

Attitudes Survey was in the field from August through

December 1987. Provisional results of that survey were

published on a monthly basis in Advance Data for Vitcd and

HeaIth Statistics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153). During

the fwst four months of 1988, the NHIS AIDS questionnaire was revised to meet current program needs for

information about AIDS awareness. The revised AIDS

Knowledge and Awareness Sumey entered the field in May

1988. This report presents provisional findings for May and

June, the first two months of data collection with the new

questionnaire.

The Advance Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

data have been restricted to simple descriptive statistics to

facilitate their timely release. Thus, these reports do not

attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS knowledge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes, and

perceived risk. The 1987 and 1988 NHIS AIDS data bases

will permit more complex amdyses than those presented in

this series of Advance Data reports, and such analyses are

being undertaken by various groups in the Public Health

Service.

The AIDS questionnaires were designed to provide

estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS

transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection. The

data were needed as input for the planning and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for monitoring

major educational efforts, e.g., the series of radio and

television pubIic service announcements entitled “America

Responds to AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding

AU&” both developed by the Centers for Disease Control.

The 1987 and 1988 AIDS questionnaires were developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and

interagency working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the

Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The

working groups included representatives from the Centers

for Disease Controt the National Institutes of Health; the

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administratio~

and the HeaIth Resourees and Serviees Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AIDS information; self-sssessed level of AIDS

knowledg~ basic facts about the AIDS virus and how it is

transmittti, blood donation experience awareness of and

experience with the blood test for the AKDS virus; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures; self-

. assessed chances of getting the AIDS viruy personal

acquaintance with persons with AIDS or the AIDS virus;

and willingness to take part in a proposed national seroprevalence survey. A general risk behavior question, similar to

that asked by the Red Cross of potential blood donors, is

included in the 1988 AIDS questiomaire.

This report presents provisional data for May and June

1988 for most items included in the AIDS questionnaire,

including questions designed to monitor the household

mailing of the AIDS information brochure, coordinated by

the Centers for Disease Control. Tables 1 and 2, for May

and June respectively, display percent distributions of persons 18 years of age and over by response categories

according to age, ~ race, and education. In most case%

the actual question asked of the respondent is reproduced

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

verbatim in tables 1 and 2, along with the coded response

categories, In a few cases, questions or response categories

have been rephrased or combined for clearer or more

concise presentation of results. Refusals and other nonresponse categories are excluded from the denominator in

the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know”

are rncluded.

This report contains few comparisons with data from

the 1987 NHIS AIDS survey, and those comparisons that

are included must be interpreted with caution. The wording

of some questions was changed slightly, and the context in

which the questions are asked was modified by the addition

of a number of new questions. In addition, the order in

which response categories to certain questions were read to

respondents was changed between 1987 and 1988 (see

techniczd notes). Thus, differences observed between 1987

and 1988 results may reflect these questionnaire changes as

well as actual changes in AIDS knowledge and attitudes.

Selected findings

The following highlights descriie various aspects of

AIDS knowledge and attitudes as observed in the May and

June 1988 data from the NHIS AIDS survey. Unless

otherwise noted, all differences cited in the text are statistically signifkant (see tables II and III for approximate

standard errors of estimates).

Soumes of AIDS informm”on-h June 1988, 86 percent of all adults in the United States reported having seen

public service announcements about AIDS on television,

up from 84 percent in May. In both May and June, 49

percent stated that they had heard AIDS public service

announcements on the radio. The proportion of persons

who reported having seen or heard such announcements

decreased with age and was higher for persons with 12 or

more years of school than for those with less than 12 years

of school. In June, 24 percent of all adults stated that the

announcements they had heard on television and the radio

were part of the “America Responds to AIDS” series.

One-fourth (25 percent) of U.S. adults reportedly read

brochures or pamphlets about AIDS in the month preceding the May NHIS interview. In June, this proportion

increased to more than one-half (52 percent). During the

month of June 1988, the Centers for Disease Control

mailed a brochure entitled “Understanding AIDS” to all

households in the United States, The sharp increase in the

percent of adults who had read AIDS brochures in the

preceding month probably reflects the results of this mailing.

In June, the proportion of adults who had read AIDS

brochures in the month preceding the NHIS interview was

higher for persons with more than 12 years of school (62

percent) than for those with less than 12 years (39 percent)

and was higher for white than black adults (53 compared to

48 percent). Adults age 50 years or over were less likely

than younger adults to have read AIDS brochures or

pamphlets in the preceding month. In June, 64 percent

of adults reported ever having read pamphlets or brochures

about AIDS, compared to 43 percent in May.

By the time they were interviewed in June, 63 percent

of all adults reported that they had received the brochure

“Understanding AIDS.” Of those who had received it,

approximately one-half had read all or almost all of the

brochure, one-fourth had read half or less, and one.fourth

had not read any of the brochure. Approximately one-half

of the adults who stated that they had read at least some of

the brochure claimed to have read it carefully, with the

remainder having just skimmed through it. About one-third

felt that the brochure had given them new information or

answered questions that they had about AIDS.

SeIf-assessed knowledge-As of June 1988, 24 percent

of adults stated that they knew a lot about AIDS, 43

percent said they knew some, 25 percent felt they knew a

little, and 8 percent claimed to know nothing about AIDS.

General &now/edge-General knowledge about AIDS

and the AIDS virus increased slightly between May and

June 1988, possibly reflecting the effect of the CDC household mailing. As shown in figure 1, the proportion of adults

who thought it definitely true that there is no cure for AIDS

at present increased from 81 percent in May to 84 percent

in June. There were increases of similar magnitude in the

proportions of adults stating that it is definitely true that

any person who has the AIDS virus can pass it on to

someone else during sexual intercourse (from 77 to 79

percent), that a pregnant woman can transmit the AIDS

virus to her baby (from 74 to 77 percent), that AIDS is an

infectious disease caused by a virus (from 58 to 62 percent),

and that a person can be infected with the AIDS virus and

not have the disease AIDS (from 49 to 53 percent). In

response to two new questions in the 1988 AIDS questionnaire, 47 percent of adults stated that it is definitely true

that a person who has AIDS can look and feel well and

healthy (up from 43 percent in May), and 91 percent

realized that it is definitely false that teenagers cannot get

AIDS.

& shown in tables 1 and 2, there were large differences

by education in the proportions of adults responding u)rrectly to these general information questions. Adults 3049

years of age responded more auxrately, on average, than

individuals who were either younger or older, and white

adults more often answered correctly than did black adults.

There was no consistent difference by gender in general

AIDS information level.

Transmission of the AIDS vims-Although the 1987

AIDS survey revealed widespread misinformation about

the risk of AIDS virus transmission through casual wntact,

accurate knowledge in this area increased continuously

between August and December. As indicated in figure 2,

this aspect of AIDS knowledge also improved between May

and June 1988. The proportion of adults who thought it

very unlikely or definitely not possible to transmit the AIDS

virus by using public toilets increased from 53 to 60 percent, and the proportion who thought it very unlikely or

impossl%le for mosquitoes or other insects to spread the
advancedata 3

AIDS leads to death ““”””””’”’””

87

A pregnant woman who has .. .. . .... .--h-.; ....... , ...- .. “. .. . -., ..; , . , .,-*

., -,; . .,,-s ...- .... . . .. ... ,,. . ,..: ... , : .. ,*. ., 74

the AIDS virus can give the

AIDS virus to her baby I 77

AIDS can reduce the ;::.YV:;: ‘T~y” :+ ,~<?: ‘p’:~~: “’”.:. ,“””’-,:,7:;:.: “ “’”: -: 73

body’s natural protection

againsl disease 74

. - ....... -,.,..”,-“%r~~-..* --t 1,. .. ....../. ,., ,

AIDS Is an Infectious <--’A --%x. z,- M&. L.,r7.-*,Y ,4’ ;: >;:::?3?>;S,.:G * .A.$.- *<:.~.,s:.~.*...* <,.. ~ $.&’.:..’

disease caused by a virus’ 62

A person can be infected ;:<$~

with the AIDS virus and

not have the disease AIDS 53

El ‘a’

_ June

P 1 I t t 1

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

100

SOURCE National Center for Health Statlstlcs, DlvIslon of Health Interview Statistics, National Heallh fnterview Survey.

Figure 1. Provisional ●stimates of percent of adults who think seiected statements about AIDS me definitely true:

United States, May-June 1988

~X!”i,Y~ Very unlikely

Living near a hospilal or home

for AIDS patients

ZAttending school with a child who has

the AIDS virus

Working near someone with the

AIDS virus

m

Using pubtic toilets

J 1 1

0 50 100

Percent

Definitely not possible

Eating in a restaurant whare the cook has

the AiDS virus

May

June

May

June

May

June

May

June

m

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses with somaone

-virus

Being coughed or sneezed on by someone who

has the AIDS virus

. ... .

Mosquitoes or other insects

E!iiMkR

1

0 50 100

Percent

SOURCE Nalional Center for Health Statistics, Division of HeaIth interview Statistics, National Health Interview Survey

Figure 2: Provisional estimates of percent of edults considering it very unlikeiy or definitely not possibie to transmit the AIDS

virus in selected ways: United States, May-June 1988
4 advancedata

virus rose from 39 to 49 percent. Increases were noted for

other conjectured modes of transmission as well (figure 2).

Blood donation and testhg-Based on June dat~ 40

percent of all adults in the United States have donated

blood at some time in their live$ and 12 percent have

donated blood since 1985, when automatic testing of blood

donations for the AIDS virus began. Six percent of adults

reported having donated blood in the 12 months before

interview. Younger adults were the most likely to have

donated blood recently. The proportion of adults who had

donated blood since 1985 increased with education from 5

percent of persons with less than 12 years of school to 18

percent of those with more than 12 years.

Seventy-six percent of adults had heard of the blood

test for the AKDSvirus infection as of June 1988, iip horn

72 percent in December 1987. Eighty-three percent of

individuals 1849 years of age had heard of the test,

compared to 62 percent of those 50 years and over. Awareness of the AIDS blood test was greater in June among

white than black adults (78 compared to 66 percent) and

increased with education from 57 percent of those with less

than 12 years of school to 75 and 87 percen~ respectively,

of those with 12 years and more than 12 years of school.

Two-thirds (67 percent) of adults mrrectly believed that

blood donations are now routinely tested for the AIDS

virus.

Only 3 percent of all U.S. adults reported having

received counseling about taking the AIDS virus test—4

percent of those under age 50 years and 1 percent of those

age 50 years and over. Altogether, 16 percent of adults have

had their blood tested for the AIDS virus. This figure

includes 8 percent who reported having had the test, about

the same as August-December 1987, and another 8 percent

who denied or were unaware of having had the test but

reported having donated blood since 1985, which had been

subjected to routine testing for the AIDS virus. Persons age

18-29 years were more than 3 times as likely as those age

50 years and over to have had the AIDS blood test (23

compared to 7 percent), and men were more likely than

women to have done so (19 versus 14 percent). The

proportion of adults whose blood had been tested increased

with education horn 8 percent of those with less than 12

years of school to 23 percent of those with more than 12

years.

Of those persons who reported the number of AIDS

blood tests they had had, approximately two-thirds had

taken only one test. More than three-fourths of all tests

reported occurred in the 12 months preceding the NHIS

interview. Seventy-four percent of all persons who reported

having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus one or

more times stated that at least one of the tests was done as

a routine part of blood donation, 14 percent (2 percent of

the total adult population) reported having taken a test

voluntarily, and 13 percent took a test as part of some other

activity that included routine blood testing (e.g., military

induction, immigration).

Just over half (54 percent) of the individuals who had

had their blood tested for the AIDS virus reported having

received the results of the test. This propmtion was much

higher for black than for white adults (74 compared to 50

percent) and was greater among adults age 1849 years (55

percent) than among those age 50 years and over (47

percent),

Six percent of all adults reported plans to have their

blood tested for the AIDS virus in the next 12 months, and

this proportion decreased with age from 11 percent of

persons age 18-29 years to 2 percent of those age 50 years

and over. Black adults were more than twice as likely as

white adults to plan to take the AIDS blood test (13

compared to 5 percent), and among persons with plans to

be tested, black individuals reported that the test would be

done on a voluntary basis more frequently than did white

individuals.

Five percent of all adults in the United States received

blood transfusions between 1977 when the AIDS ‘virus is

believed to have entered the United States and 1985 when

routine testing of blood donations for the AIDS virus was

initiated. As of June 1988, 44 percent of adults stated that

the blood supply is now safe for transfusions; 27 perc~entdid

not believe the blood supply is safv, and 28 percent were

uncertain. The proportion of adults trusting the safety of

the blood supply increased with education, was higher for

men than women, was higher for white than for black

individual% and was higher for persons 18-49 years of age

than for those 50 years and over.

Preventive mea.rures-llventy-nine percent of adults

thought that condoms are very effective in preventing transmission of the AIDS virus, and 54 percent thought this

method is somewhat effective. Eighty-one percent realized

that having a monogamous relationship with a person who

does not have the AIDS virus is a very effective way to

prevent getting the virus. Over half of all adults realized

that the diaphragm, spermicidal jellies and cream$ and

vasectomy are not effective in preventing AIDS virus transmission with most of the remainder uncertain abcmt the

effectiveness of these methods.

X&k o~getdng fheAIDS vims-Overall, 2 percent of all

adults stated that they belonged to one or more of the

behavior groups associated with increased risk of AIDS

virus transmission, i.e. hemophilia intravenous drug users, homosexuals, etc. This proportion decreased with age

from 4 percent of adults age 18-29 to less than 1 percent of

adults age 50 or over.

As of June 1988, 80 percent of U.S. adults believed

there is no chance that they have the AIDS virus. Fifteen

percent reported a low chance, 1 percent a medium chance,

and less than 1 percent a high chance. Americans assessed

their chances of getting the AIDS virus as minimal as well.

Seventy-four percent reported no chance of their getting

the virus, a proportion that has increased steadily since

August 1987. Twenty-one percent perceived themselves as

being at low risk 2 percent at medium risk, and less than

1 percent at high risk. Adults age 50 years and over were

the least likely to perceive some risk of getting the AIDS

virus, and women were slightly less likely than men to feel

at risk.

Two-thirds (68 percent) of adults have talked to friends

or relatives about AIDS, a proportion that varied with
advancedata 5

education from 48 percent o~ those persons with less than virus. This proportion was higher for adults age l&14 years

12 years of school to 79 percent of those with 12 or more than for those age 50 years and over, was slightly higher for

vears. Women were more likely than men to have discussed women than for men. and was more than twice as high for

“~S with friends or relatives; 72 compared to 63 percent. persons with 12 or ~ore years of school

Black and white individuals were equally likely to have had less education. Most of the individuals

such discussions. Of those persons who had discussed someone with AJDS or the AIDS virus

AIDS with friends or relatives more than one-third (38 than 6 months had passed since they had

percent) had done so within the preceding week.

One-tenth of the adults in the United States reported

knowing or having known someone with AIDS or the AIDS

as for thos; with

who had known

stated that more

seen that person.

Symbols

Quant”~ zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than 0.5
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estlmatea of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, May 1966

pfa are baaed on household Intarvtaws of the ctv!iian wrlnetltutbnalizad poputatbn. The survey design,generatqualifkatbna, and tnfonrratbnon the reliabilityof

the eettmateeare gken In technicalnotes]

Age sax Race EdIxW&r!

l&29 -9 5oyaam Lass than

AIDS krrow\adw or atmcta

Mom hen

Total yearn years and over Mate Female Whfle Black 12y@s 12 ya!us 12 pars

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.

la

lb.

3.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9,

10.

In the past month,haveyouSean any publk eetvicaannouncementsaboutAIDS on

telew!sbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heard any publk aarvka snnourmementsabuuf AIDS on

the radb?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Were any of thosepublk eewice ennouncarnantacatled

“ArnerkaRespands toAlDS”7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nettherheard norsawsny publ!ceanbssnnouncaments. .

In the past month,haveyou read any brochuresor pamphlets

about AtDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever read any brochurssor pamphletsabout AtDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where did you gel the pamphletsor brochures?’2

Clink,olherthanworkclink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’soffica(HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publlchaalthdepsrtment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fteceivedinmailwlthoutaskhg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RedCraesjRedCroseblaaddonafbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherblooddonalbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sent/phonedfor/raquestedB,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Faderal/State/localgovemment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, otherthancllntcornursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, nurseorcllnk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Governmenttsmaillngabroohure wilhbaskinformefbn

about AIDS to each householdinthe country.Was this

brochure receivaaat thtahousehold?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How much of the brochuredid you read?s

AJoratmostatl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abouthatf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leasthan half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DonVknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whenyouraadtt, dklyoureaditcarafully, ordldyoujuslskim

throuah It#

R%adcarefuliy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Skimmedthrough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dktnotresd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DkJthe brochuregiveyou any new Infonnsfbnor answer any

queslbnsyou hadebout AIDS#

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D!dnotresd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dldyoucliscussthe brachurewKhanvone elselnthefamilv’?s

‘Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seafodr@saar endoftable.

lGJ

84

14

2

49

47

3

20

14

63

13

25

74

1

43

56

1

4

19

2

3

12

4

1

12

1

7

le

4

23

0

8

83

9

43

8

14

35

:

0

35

23

45

35

27

73

l(x)

86

12

0

59

39

1

28

15

48

9

29

71

0

49

50

1

6

19

2

4

10

5

1

18

4

12

3

25

0

7

82

11

42

5

10

43

30

27

43

30

27

43

14

66

100

85

13

2

51

44

5

20

13

54

13

29

70

1

52

47

1

4

17

3

3

10

3

2

11

1

9

24

5

22

0

9

83

6

39

12

13

38

30

34

1

38

15

49

36

34

se

100

81

18

3

40

57

4

14

14

56

16

18

61

1

28

70

2

3

22

2

3

77

3

0

6

2

6

14

5

24

7

85

8

50

5

18

27

48

25

27

18

55

27

27

73

Percentd@rfbutiinl

100 100 100 lm

63

15

2

55

41

3

19

15

53

13

23

78

1

41

5%

1

4

12

2

3

13

3

1

12

1

8

20

2

0

9

81

10

37

11

18

34

33

33

34

17

4s

34

27

73

85

13

2

44

53

4

21

13

53

13

27

72

1

44

54

1

4

24

3

3

11

4

1

13

1

6

17

6

21

0

7

86

8

50

5

9

35

39

28

1

&

22

42

35

27

73

34

13

2

46

49

4

19

14

54

13

24

76

1

42

57

1

3

20

2

3

12

4

1

11

:

17

5

22

0

8

83

9

45

6

13

37

33

30

0

37

16

47

37

25

75

68

13

1

58

38

2

2s

12

46

13

37

62

1

53

46

1

7

15

4

5

6

1

17

1

4

25

2

6

so

6

35

26

13

28

58

17

28

44

39

28

35

65

lm

79

18

3

41

55

3

21

13

48

17

17

82

1

26

74

1

7

24

4

3

6

4

15

1

6

9

2

6

84

10

44

4

8

44

:

44

24

32

44

31

69

100

s?

12

1

49

47

3

23

14

51

12

24

75

1

41

53

1

4

20

4

3

14

4

1

9

:

18

4

22

0

6

33

9

42

6

21

31

34

35

31

21

4s

31

16

84

ml

85

13

2

54

42

4

17

14

57

12

32

88

1

66

44

1

3

17

1

3

11

3

1

14

:

21

6

24

0

9

83

8

44

12

11

34

39

2s

1

34

17

49

34

35

65
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the p-ant of Persons 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and atthudes from the

1988 National Health interview Survey, by aeleoted characterlatlcs: United States, May 1988-Con.

pate am based on household interviews of the otWan nonkrstlutbnafized POPUIMCM. Ths survey design, generaI quaflfbetbns, and information on the reLsbWttyof

the estimates are given tn Wohnical nolas]

Age sex Race EUucat&rr

1s4?93KM9 mj’sws

AfDS knoMe@e ixafflude

Less thm Mom ttrarr

Tow yams years W over Ma@ Female I%Me Back 12 years 12years 12 ysws

13.

14.

15.

16.

21.

22.

230.

Dfd any of your children egad 10-17 read the brochure?%s

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

K%ti:::: :::::::::::::::: :::::::::::

Was the brochure dfscuseed WWI any of your children

aged lo++

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DcwNkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever dtsoussad AIDS wlh any of your children

aged 10-17?s

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have any or atl of your children aged 1G17 had Instructionat

schoolaboutAIDS?S

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howmuchwouldyou sayyouknowafmd AtDS?

Abt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allltl e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tothebestofyour knowtedge,islhere adflerencabetwaen

havlnglhaAIDSvkus mdhavingthadtsaaea AfDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

78

4

59

41

22

43

26

9

0

64

15

1

21

AIDS can reduce the body’s natural prolaction against disease.

Defmttelytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

ProtxUXytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Probabiy false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Deflnilelyfafse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

23b.AfDSLsespecia!fy 00MMOilk’iOkftWfMO@O.

Deflnftelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probablyfalee.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Definltelyfal= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

230.AIDScen@rrage metwakr.

Definifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Probabiytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Definifelyfake.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

23d.AIDSusually Ieadsioheartdfsease.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Probablytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Deflnitelyfafse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

23e.AIDStsan lnfactiousdisaasacausedby avkus.

Deflniteiytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !s3

Probeblylme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Probabtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Deflntlelyfals6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Dorrlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

23f. Taenagers cannot get AfDS.

Definifeiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probabfytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DefWtelyfalse... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Don?know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

23g.AIDSleadsto death.

Deflnilelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Probablytme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Probablyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Dafinilelyfstse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

100

lCO

40

60

28

26

45

20

60

26

4

64

21

1

15

75

12

3

3

7

2

2

65

6

24

33

12

8

23

7

25

22

15

31

61

24

3

5

7

1

3

96

1

87

10

0

2

1

;

13

~7

79

4

61

38

60

:

27

46

22

5

71

14

1

15

60

10

1

2

6

1

J1

73

5

27

31

11

6

25

7

21

23

14

35

65

20

2

3

11

1

1

3

93

2

6a

8

1

;

29

71

29

71

48

62

62

6

42

17

34

30

19

0

55

11

0

34

63

15

2

1:

:

22

63

13

29

X?

5

3

31

11

24

13

8

44

49

z?

3

4

22

3

:

64

7

63

9

0

2

5

20

68

12

15

78

6

46

54

57

G

21

42

27

10

62

16

1

22

73

13

2

3

9

2

2

23

65

8

27

33

9

6

25

9

23

20

15

33

Ml

23

3

4

12

2

i

3

91

3

65

10

1

2

2

Percentdlstributbnl

z11

21

79

70

30

60

:

22

u

24

9

0

65

13

0

21

73

12

2

3

10

1

2:

68

8

27

31

9

4

26

9

23

16

9

40

57

21

2

4

16

:

4

80

4

87

8

.0

:

15

74

10

16

60

4

69

41

67

:

23

44

25

8

0

66

~4

d

75

12

2

3

8

1

Jr

68

7

27

32

10

5

26

2:

20

12

38

60

22

2

4

12

1

0

3

92

3

87

9

0

:

46

3s

18

54

46

55

45

68

2;

16

37

32

15

55

75

0

30

60

14

;

16

3

2

61

11

30

31

a

4

28

11

30

11

10

3a

52

22

2

3

22

2

1

7

64

6

86

7

2

5

67

13

7

93

39

61

!56

14

22

10

29

33

28

0

35

18

0

47

47

19

4

6

24

3

3

23

54

17

23

30

6

5

37

::

11

7

48

40

28

2

4

26

3

;

80

9

62

8

0

3

7

32

57

10

31

68

59

41

5a

9

33

16

46

30

6

0

63

17

1

19

74

13

2

3

9

1

:

69

7

27

33

8

4

28

$

18

10

38

57

23

2

5

74

1

1

3

82

3

68

8

0

:

15

73

12

15

79

6

67

33

60

14

26

33

43

17

2

0

81

10

0

9

67

6

:

3

1

1

21

74

4

29

32

12

7

19

6

E

16

29

71

17

2

3

6

1

0

2

95

1

66

9

1

2

1

seefochoresateti citable.
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provlslonal satlmatea of the percent of persons 18 years of ●go ●nd ovor with aeleoted AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from the

1988 Nationai Heaith Interview Survey, by ●eiected characteristioa: United States, May 1988-Con.

~ata are based on Imueaholdlntervtewsof me ctvftbnnoninstilutbnaltzadpoputafbn.The surveydaslgn,general quattflcafbns,and hfonnafbn on ma raltabftttyof

WI estimataaera gKan krtactmicd notaa]

m sax Raoa Eduoafbn

18-29 W-49 5oyeafa

AIDS knoWd@ watthde

Las than More than

Tot& pm yem and ow Male Femala L4?We B&X 12 yuws 12 pars 12y19am

23h. A mlaon OafI be Infested with the AtDSvtrusmd not havaths

231.

23J.

23k

—.—

dtiaaeaAIDS.

DafkIttalytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Pfobabtytfua .............................. 26

Profmbtyfatsa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DefWtelyfelsa... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’r know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Looktngat a parsontsenoughto tall tfhe or she tm the

AIDS WM.

Defhltelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Pfobablytfua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Pmbabtyfatse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Defl@etyfalsa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Donl know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

W PWWXI~h t~ AJDS*3 oan paaBuon to someoneelse

duringsexufdtntemoufsa

Defktltetytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Pfobablytme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Pmbabiyfals6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DafmBetyfalsa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

A personwho has the AIDSvtfuscan lookand feel healthy

and wetL

Definitelytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pfobabtytfue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dafhitetyfalaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231. ApragnantwomenwhohasthaAIDSvims cangtvetheAIOS

vkustoherbaby.

Dafinitelyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Protmbtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dafiniletyfatsa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23m.ThereLsavaccina availableloth epublicthafprotactsaperson

from getflngtheAfDS virus.

DefinilelyWa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProbablyfeJea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfatsa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23n. There Lsno cure forAtDS et pmsant.

Deflnftetytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttetytatae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Howllke~@~mlnkflhmaa~mnwlll getAIDSorthe

AIDS vtrustnfectbnfrom24a LMngneara hospttatorhomefor AIDSpa!tents?

Verylikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SoMewhatllkeiy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewhatunlikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vefyunllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DeWtelvnotooselble.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24b.Worktngnear aofnaortewtlhtheAtDSvtrus?

Vefyltkefy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornawhatltkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewhafunlikefy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vefyunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelynolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24c. Eatlngtnaresfaurant whereltwcookhas theAlDSvtrus7

Varylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sofnewhatunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitetynotpossible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

31

9

4

14

74

10

0

1

e

81

8

1

4

6

2

3

:

43

8

3

10

14

36

20

8

$

15

30

15

13

S

27

;

12

:

:

5

84

13

1

2

1

:

11

3

8

79

17

0

1

3

2

2

12

74

~o

83

7

2

6

3

2

4

:

42

4

3

9

15

3s

30

4

6

23

2

14

8

67

23

4

5

11

:

E

6

78

15

2

2

3

50

28

7

4

11

78

37

0

1

4

;

10

77

10

86

7

1

4

4

1

2

9

34

48

5

3

9

14

37

32

6

5

78

17

34

18

9

3s

2s

4

$

2

2

62

20

71

17

2

1

8

31

33

9

2:

67

21

1

1

10

:

13

so

22

75

11

1

4

9

2

3

9

3s

3s

14

3

11

13

33

24

15

8

21

12

25

13

21

48

24

:

17

;

18

88

10

77

15

2

2

4

45

28

9

4

13

73

19

0

1

8

1

2

;

12

82

8

:

5

2

3

10

=

8

:

15

38

27

8

6

21

15

31

16

11

percent clIstrfburlortl

50

28

:

17

:

:

11

77

15

2

1

5

40

33

9

4

14

76

17

0

:

2

1:

6s

16

so

9

1

4

6

:

:

47

8

3

10

13

35

30

9

6

19

E

15

15

51

25

4

5

16

1

1:

68

10

77

16

2

2

4

44

31

9

1:

75

19

0

;

;

12

73

13

83

8

1

4

4

;

8

36

44

8

2

10

13

3s

2s

6

5

19

15

31

15

13

40

2s

4

4

2

4

17

84

13

78

13

2

2

6

37

30

8

8

18

77

15

0

;

2

6

2

23

71

10

1

8

10

4

3

*4

35

34

10

5

9

18

30

26

11

9

23

16

23

14

14

27

25

:

37

;

z

23

76

13

2

1

9

24

30

13

;

65

21

1

2

11

2

5

13

50

2s

71

10

2

6

12

3

5

9

33

31

19

1:

14

31

22

16

11

22

9

21

12

25

%

5

5

15

1

4

:

11

78

15

2

1

4

40

33

9

4

13

75

19

0

:

;

:

14

81

9

1

4

5

2

3

~

42

7

4

10

15

36

27

8

6

22

16

27

16

14

:

7

38

49

3

:

13

40

34

3

3

17

10

38

17

6

SeOfmamtesatand Ofrabk
advanceciata 9

Tablo 1. Provisional .Stlmates oi tho percent of persons 18 years of ●9. and ovu with eelected AfDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National HAth Interview Survey, by eeleoted characterlstk United States, May 1988-Con.

pata are based on hcueehold Intervlsws of fhe cMIian nonlnstWtlonallzd Popubfbn. 7hs sway dOSIgn. gensfal quallflcaibns, and Infofrnafbn on the reliability of

me estknafes am gwn in teohnba! notes]

AfP Sk ma Edumfhm

18=29 M 5oyser8 Leseman Mne man

MS ~ ~@8- Totel Mwsysers aWow?r Ma@ Femah WMe-12ysets12ysnrs 12ywam

24d. IOselng-wth e%change of saliva-a person who has the

AIDS virus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Sornevmatlwwly... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Sornawha! unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Ve!yurrlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Defmitelynot poesible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

24e. Slinking fronds, WICIMIW, or kissing on me cheek someone

who has me AIDS vkus?

Very likely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhat lnrety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

Somwhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

IMII##tpossl ble..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

24f. sharing pkdes, forks, or glWIS5 wllh someone vfhohaslhe

AIDS vk’us?

Vefylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

somawhaflikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

SOrnawhaf unllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;

Definllely nc4p0sslMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Donlknmv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

249. Ustngpublic Wllefs?

Vety Ilkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somawnaf Iilrety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Sornawhafunllkefy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Vefy uniikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definltaly nofposslbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

Dornknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

24h. Shadng needtas for drw use V/MI someone who has the

24j,

ADS VillS?

Varyllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Somavihal may. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

SOmwhat unnkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Very unlkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Derkllfely notposab!e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

13eingcwghed cwsneezedon bysomeona who has the

AIDS virus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SomewM Ilkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z?

SomeWat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unllkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

DafuIReiync4 posslMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Don? know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Aftendlng sotsoolwHh a child who has the AIDS virus?

Very Iikety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sornawhat ltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somwhat urrlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Veryunlikeiy- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Defintlely notpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Dorrl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

24k. MosquKws or other Insecls?

Vaiylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Sornevmatl lkery.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Sornawhaf unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ve~ unlkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

De#nllelynot possble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Donl krlcw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

25. Haveyoueverdonated blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

26a Have you donated blood since March 1965?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26b. Have you donated blood In the plst 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Don’tknmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

21

26

18

18

7

8

2

7

:

34

3

11

19

:

17

7

6

14

:

23

8

84

3

1

:

5

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19

cm

16

a

2

5

14

43

32

4

10

21

E

:

34

66

0

18

61

1

9:

1

;

15

16

6

10

2

6

13

3s

33

7

1:

;

18

10

5

13

:

25

10

94

3

0

1

:

8

19

z

16

10

2

6

14

39

32

7

6

15

10

24

20

23

u

55

0

15

84

1

4

1

28

28

11

12

4

18

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:

26

14

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;

13

16

9

16

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86

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24

::

10

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m

12

37

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16

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17

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;

u

56

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:

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23

26

15

16

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30

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92

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:

:

:

;:

2

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41

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&!

:

53

46

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1

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Peroenf Ustrlbldbm’

25

29

14

14

5

13

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$

34

9

:

:

16

13

7

+4

13

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14

92

3

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12

35

30

11

8

16

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31

68

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1

23

28

15

15

6

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;

32

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22

12

83

:

1

:

7

21

:

14

12

2

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41

28

9

9

17

;

::

43

57

0

;

1

2

1

31

25

12

14

5

13

4

10

2

27

14

E

15

18

16

74

11

17

:

19

14

87

5

:

2

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;

;:

14

16

4

7

17

2

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13

18

11

18

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84

1

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92

1

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29

27

10

10

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20

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24

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21

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16

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86

5

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11

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23

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30

22

21

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32

68

0

:

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9;

1

27

30

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5

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15

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17

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92

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;

9

23

:

13

12

2

6

14

42

26

8

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39

60

0

11

68

1

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93

1

20

28

19

1s

6

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1

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:

36

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7

17

:

18

7

3

9

:

29

6

85

3

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1

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1

5

16

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34

16

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42

35

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7

16

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21

20

50

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32

1

:

1

seerc01n010a6ter)d C4tmble.
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provlslonal estimates of the peroent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AfDS knowledge ●nd anitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, May 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviawe of the civtibn nonlnstffutimraUzed Populatbn. Tfra survey design, ganeral quaflfkaflona, and Information on thereliabMty of

the estimates are gtven kr technbal notes]

Age sex Race Eduoafhm

1&29 3049 50 years Lass then

AtDS knowledge or atfflude

More than

Total years years and over Male Female WlIHt3 Btack 12 years 12 pars 12 years

27. Hava you ever heard of a blood test that can daleof the AIDS

virus Infeofbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’flmow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2L3. To the best of your knowledge, are blood donalbns routlnety

tested nc+vforthe AIDS virus hfaofbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Never heard oftesf” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

29a Have you ever received counselhg or had a talk with a health

professkmal aboul taking the AIDS vtrus teet7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Never heard of Ie# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

29b. Was the discussbn-1’7

30.

31.

32.

33.

With aprrwdedoctor7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Ala famly-planning clinic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Onan AIDShotline? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Ataprenatal cllnlc?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Atari STDoreexuelly tmnsmkfad dLseaseclinb? . . . . . . . 4

At an AIDS~lV oounsellng and tesfing she? . . . . . . . . . . 6

Wiih some other health professbnal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

With someolher munselofl .,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

During that dlscusebn, dld you raoefve krfonnafbn about how

to avoid getting or paselng on the AIDS virus?’

Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Have you ever been actvlsad by a hearth professional not to

have the blood test for the AIDS virus infeotbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Never haardoftestE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Have you ever bWn advised by frtends or relatives no! to have

the blood test for the AtDS virus infectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheerdoftest8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Haveyouhadyour blmdtestedforthe AIDSvkusinfecf bn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Neverheardoftasf8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

35a Howmanyllmas haveyouhadyour blfxrdtested forthe AIDS

virus Infectbn?

Onm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-6tlmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;

&12times . . . . . . ..+...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Morethan 12timaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Neverheardofornevertooktests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

35b.Howmarrytimes lnthepast12months haveywhadyour

bloodtestedforthe AIDSvlmsinfectbn?

Nonelnthepast 12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Morethanonoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Neverheerdofornevertookteste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

36. WesthetesfAvere anyofthe @sts,lnciudingt hosayouhad

before Ihe pest 12 months—’ ‘u

Parfofablood donatbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Partofabloodtransfusbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Voluntarllysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Partofaomeotheractivilythatrequiresabloodsample? . . 15

63

15

2

75

3

5

17

5

7e

o

17

42

10

5

5

6

34

13

73

27

1

62

0

17

d

o

17

23

61

1

15

7

2

2

0

0

12

7e

2

;

;6

66

2

15

20

65

12

3

76

4

5

15

5

60

0

15

42

3

4

1

5

5

56

15

66

34

1

64

15

1

64

0

15

20

66

1

13

6

1

1

1

0

11

81

:

3

10

81

73

2

15

13

62

29

9

64

3

6

36

1

61

0

36

32

56

23

59

41

:

36

0

62

36

7

64

3;

1

0

0

0

0

4

94

0

1

1

9:

79

2

8

10

76

20

4

66

3

5

24

4

72

0

24

28

1

3

1:

63

20

73

27

7:

24

7:

24

20

57

d

5

;

o

0

10

81

2

:

10

el

69

2

14

19

Percentdlstribuflon 1

77

18

5

68

3

6

23

3

74

0

23

55

11

1

5

2

1

41

10

61

39

4

0

23

1

76

2:

2

2

4

0

:

0

7

66

1

3

1

7

66

76

2

14

9

78

17

4

70

;

22

3

75

0

22

43

4

3

2

:

47

14

66

34

7:

22

0

76

0

23

16

62

Jr

4

1

1

0

0

9

64

1

4

2

9

64

75

2

13

13

67

26

6

66

4

7

34

2

0

33

34

9

3

8

56

22

6s

12

0

66

33

d

33

13

54

2

5

:

0

0

5

67

0

6

2

5

66

48

22

33

67

36

7

49

2

6

43

2

0

43

62

10

5s

76

24

:

0

43

0

57

0

43

8

50

4:

2

1

1

0

:

:

1

5

92

66

15

16

87

10

3

78

:

13

4

0

13

45

1

4

2

3

6

4e

18

64

46

2

13

0

66

13

21

65

1;

5

1

0

:

2

5

3

12

79

76

1

74

12

Saefodmtesdend oftable.
advancedata 11

Table 1. Provisional estlmatas af tho percent of p-sons 18 years of 89. ●nd ovor with selected AIDS knowfedge ●nd ●ttitudes from the

1988 National Heafth Interview Survey, by selected characteristic United Stetae, May 1988-Con.

[Data are basedon householdkrtefvIswsC4UIOcfWbn I’IOIIkIStiWOnCltZOdPWJbfbn. ‘ThoSUfVaYCW9n, general Cjuaftficafbcs,and tnfofmafbnon the reliabilityof

the estimatesare givenintechnicalnotes]

m sex Ram Educatkw

18+$ M mysafs

MS kfwwhs@aoratituc@

Lass man MOM than

Tofa/ yaws ywrs atrUowsr MIUa Fenraks Wrte Btack 12J%uRs 12w lzysats

38. Did you get the resuttsof yourtesf/anYof your tests?’

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

41. Doyousrxpecf to fraveabmaf festforthe AIDSvlrus ktfecflorr

Inthenext 12 monttw?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Never heardoftestn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

42. WI the test ba-l”fo

Pattofablood donetlon?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Voluntafflysowght7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Part of some otheracttdtythat requkes a bloodsample? . . 15

44a. Dldyouhav@aWodtranfusbnetanytlmebetween

1977 arra W657

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

44b, Do you thinkthe presentsupplyof btoodh safe fortranfusbns7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Dfher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Don’tlmcw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S

45. Here are some methodspeople useto preventgettingthe AIDS

virusthroughsexualactivity.How effectivels–

459. Usinga dlephragm?

Veryeffecttwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhat effective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Notetdle ffacttve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Don’tknow howeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

45b. Using a condom?

Very effeothfe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhefeffeothm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;:

Nolatali effecftve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknowhow effacftv e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S

Dofrlknow rnethcd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

450. Usinga sperrrdcktaljelly, f-or cream?

Very effective.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhafeffective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:

Notatafi effective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Don’tknowhow effecflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Dorr’tknow method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S

45d. Havingavasecton@

Veryeffecttve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhat effectMe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not at all effsctt#e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7:

Don’tknowhow effecWe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Don’t knowmethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

459. Two psople who do no: hava the AIDS virus having sax only

with each other7

Veryaffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Somewhat effedtve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Notatall effective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknowttow effecffwt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknowrnetfwd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

46. Whalareyour chanossofhaving the AIDSvlms?

H~h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

47. Whatare yourchsnces ofgefthg the AlDSvkus7

H&h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

High chanceofelreadyhavingAIDSvirus. . . . . . . . . . . . 0

67

43

2

9

17

39

87

16

5

34

1

44

30

26

4

14

57

17

7

34

M

5

6’

2

3

z

17

5

3

7:

18

6

60

12

:

1

1

1

%

2

:

28

65

3

1

55

45

0

7;

8

15

46

53

13

:

1

48

27

26

4

8

64

18

6

35

52

5

:

2

16

:

6

:

7s

12

6

87

6

:

1

1

1

;:

2

0

2

27

67

3

1

42

56

5;

3

38

51

31

20

4

3

37

27

3a

4

13

43

2a

12

25

4a

5

17

6

2

::

32

12

2

i

25

11

76

8

:

4

0

1

10

85

4

0

1

+4

81

5

0

Perosntdlstrbufbnl

z

o

8

61

7

24

43

5s

18

!$

2

2

G

4

10

54

22

10

33

52

5

6

2

2

15

49

25

8

:

S9

18

8

84

:

4

2

1

1

:

2

0

2

25

66

4

1

51

49

6;

5

23

u

54

12

2

2

36

w

32

4

13

58

21

7

m

51

5

10

4

2

:

22

7

2

7?

18

7

60

:

5

3

0

1

15

60

3

0

2

20

74

4

0

50

50

0

5

88

2

52

49

12

2

2

E

G

3

12

57

21

7

31

52

5

:

2

E

23

7

2

$

16

s

63

7

3

4

2

0

1

16

80

2

0

2

23

71

3

0

81

19

::

:

E

23

2

2

31

34

i

1:

48

22

13

:;

6

14

3

5

13

47

27

8

4

4

27

11

73

11

7

8

1

1

1

19

73

6

0

1

22

66

7

1

:

2

6

47

A

23

64

25

7

91

2

30

33

37

:

34

34

18

28

3a

2:

7

4

E

34

15

2

;

m

15

6s

10

1:

4

1

1

12

80

5

0

1

15

76

7

1

52

4a

6

65

J!

47

aa

12

6

23

1

:

m

5

12

55

21

7

31

53

5

8

3

1

:

24

7

2

;

18

6

62

8

:

3

0

1

15

60

3

0

1

22

72

4

0

64

46

7:

6

13

50

s

12

4

2

50

25

G

3

12

67

14

4

34

57

4

4

1

2

:

17

4

:

82

11

3

88

7

2

2

1

0

4

78

1

0

2

28

66

2

0

Sea foctnctesat erd oftable.
12 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 yem of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd attitudes from the

198B National Health interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United Statea, May 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the clvllian nonlnslttufbnaltzad population. The survey design, general qualificetfohs, and hformatfon on the rellatmy of

the estimates are given h tachnicat notes]

A@r sax Race Educatkwr

16-W 30-49 50 J@ers Less than

AIDS knowledge or ath?ude

More then

Total years years end over Male Female Wriie Black 12yews 12 years 12 yeas

49.

s?.

53.

54.

55.

5s.

57.

5s.

Do you say your chance of getthg AIDS Is high or medium

~ you-”

Havehad ab!oodfransfusbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Have had sexual cohfacf wtth someone who m!ghl have

Ihevfrus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

%meotherreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Have you ever dlscuaead AIDS with a frland or relattve?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

DOnltmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

When wee the lest lime you d&cusaad AIDS wtth a friend or

relative?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4-7days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

S-14daye ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Morethan 31dayaago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

DorNknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Never discusaad’z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Have you ever parsonaJly known anyone with AIDS or the

AIDS Virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

OorWknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

How long has It been since you saw thts person?

WflhinfJast 2weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2wealre-less than lmonlh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

lmonth-lase than3nronths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3months-less then6months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

6monlhs ormore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . o

Never knewanyone wilh AlD&13: ::: :::::::::::::: 91

HOW wall do YOU know this fMrWX_I?

VeryweI1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fairfywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notverywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’treelly knowpersonelfy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’fknowhowwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NeverknewanyonewithAfDS1s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;

Is any of these statements true for you?

a. Youhave hemophilia andhave recetved clotting facfor

Corwanlratas slnca 1977.

b. You area native of HafIi or Centrat or East Africa who has

enlared the United States since 1977.

c. Youarea manwhohas hadeaxwith another man at some

Mne since 1977, even 1 time.

d. You have taken illegal drugs by needle at any time shca

197T.

e. Since 1977, youareor have been thesexpartnerof any

person who would answer yes to any of the lfeI’tW above

(57 ad).

f. Youheve hadsaxfor money ordrugs atanytimeslnce

19n.

Yestoat leasflstatenrenf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notoall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The U.S. Public Heetth service has said fhat AIDS is one of the

major health problems in the country but exactly how many

people il affects te not known. The Surgeon Generat has

proposed tha! a study be conducted and blood samples be

taken to help find out how widespread the problem Is. If you

were aelecfad in ths natiinal sample of people to have their

blood tested wilh assurances of prNacy of test results, would

you have the tast’1

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5

18

66

73

27

10

11

7

18

22

4

27

10

88

3

1

0

;

6

0

eo

2

2

3

2

0

eo

5

95

0

0

75

16

1

5

7

6

7~

76

24

0

11

17

9

16

20

4

25

12

86

2

1

0

:

8

:

1

3

4

2

1

es

3

97

0

72

le

3

6

20

70

51

46

1

7

9

8

11

11

6

49

7

90

3

0

0

0

1

5

0

94

1

1

2

2

0

94

0

100

62

Ze

3

7

11

56

63

37

0

9

12

7

~4

16

4

37

6

90

3

1

0

1

1

5

0

e2

;

3

:

e2

3

97

0

0

7~

22

2

5

15

7:

70

30

0

9

13

8

15

18

5

31

11

86

3

1

1

1

1

7

0

Se

2

3

4

2

1

m

2

97

0

66

23

3

7

9

8

72

67

33

0

9

13

7

15

18

5

33

9

8s

2

1

0

1

1

6

0

91

:

3

2

1

91

3

97

0

0

70

22

2

6

25

64

67

32

0

10

16

8

13

14

5

34

:

5

1

1

1

1

8

1

66

5

3

3

1

0

66

3

97

0

66

23

2

7

16

37

44

58

0

8

9

5

9

10

3

57

6

92

2

0

0

;

4

;

2

1

i

o

e4

3

97

0

63

27

2

8

9

3

63

63

31

0

8

12

8

15

19

5

32

9:

3

:

0

1

4

0

S4

;

2

1

1

93

3

97

0

0

72

20

3

6

10

10

72

77

22

0

11

18

9

18

19

5

23

14

63

3

:

;

9

0

se

1

4

6

3

1

66

2

98

71

22

2

5

See ftinotes S! endof table.
advancedata 13

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowfed$e ●nd ●ttitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, May 1988-Con.

[Data are basedon householdIntendswsof fhe cMlisn ncminstMic+wIIi2edpopulation.The surveyde$ign,general quaflfioatlon$,and hfomafiofr on the ralinbility of

the estimate$are gNen In Isohnk.alnotes]

A@ sax - EdutMon

16-29 30-49 5oj’wla Le3sthan Mom man

AIDS knowfsdgaor afftude Tofaf YOSIS YEUI$ Ond OW hW3 FtwnOb W EIedt 12j+3ars 12- 12)vMts

69.

61.

62

Wry wouldnl you take parl inthe test?14

Donlwantto knowifl haveAIDS..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlwsntany counselingab@AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Fesrl’ll gat AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’tliketo give blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Donltrust Govemmenl programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

ittsawe3te of money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’tbeliie AIDS can really be cured anyway . . . . . . . . 3

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Donl know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Wnen Federal pubkcheallh officialsgtveInfonnatbnabout

AIDS, do you believewhat they say or are you doubtfulabout

the Informationthey ghre?

Believe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

When they [publlchealthoffcials]g?veadvha etmuthow 10

help keep from getfingAIDS, do you belhve their advke or are

you doubtfulabout what they say?

Salieve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

9

3

12

16

9

5

2

20

71

24

5

82

74

4

6 2

1

6 :

12 10

9 7

2 5

2

52s

14 16

6457

31 31

5 13

8072

16 18

5 10

Paroanf dkwrbutirxll

45 4s

21

: 1:

1: 1: 12 15

11 6 8 11

4 48

4 : 6

5062238

16 16 15 20

79 76 76 74

15 17 16 17

6669

4 4

: 1

11 :

12 1; 12

6 9

5 : 3

5 3 2

46 a

: 17 12

66 77 63

19 17 13

13 5 3
14 advmcedata

Table 2. Provisional ●atimatos of tic poroont of persons 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AfDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Hoaith Intonricw Sunrey, by aalected characteristics: United Stataa, Juno 1988

[DataarabasadonhousahMhtanmwsofthecMllarrnontnstltutbnalkad Poputatbn. The survey dOS19n,general quellflcatbns, and Informafbn on the ralktbllity of

the astlrnatas are given h tacfrnkal notasl

A@ sex Race Educafkur

16-29 M Wyaara Less tnm Mort3then

AIDs~oraitm/ue Total pm ysara arrdobiw Male Fenrafe 14We B&ok 12yawa 12J=ws 12yeers

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iw

1.

la,

lb.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

lntfwpest-luw~-

Seen any public earvbe announwmants about AIDS on

televisbn?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

En’1 know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heard my publicsewkaanrrouncafnanfsaboutAIDS on

the radb?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t knmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Were any of those pubtk eenitcaanncunoanrantsoallad

‘4AMSrkSRespondstoAIDS”?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..#.

Neither haanJ rtw saw any publlc SO* anrrourfarnents. .

lnthepaet month, havayou readanybrochuras or framphbtS

about AIDS7

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl knew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you aver read arty brochurss or pamphlets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where did you gel the pamphlets or brochures?’z

Cliniaotharlhs nworkolln k........ . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ooctor%offka (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public haalfhdaparlrnent ...,......,.. . . . . . . . . .

Reoalved inmeilwilhou taskh g..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rad Cross/Rad Orossblood donatbn. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otharbbod donauon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SohOol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SerWphoned for/requ8sted R., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FadaralBtate/looal govemm8nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, otharthan cllnicornursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Woilr, nursaorclinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oar... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The @varnmant k+mailing a broohure with bask Informalbn

about AIDS to each household In the country. Was this

broohura raoalved et this household?

Ye.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How much of the brochure did you rwad?s

Alloraknostsll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

About heff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lesstrlen half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When you read it, dkl you read It oarafulty, or dkl you just skim

through tt?’

Read carefully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sklrnmedtfwough. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..c . . . . . . . . . . .

0m8r... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dldnotraad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Did the brcxhura gtw you any new Informatbn or answer any

quastbns you had about AIDS?’

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~n~kti:::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::

Dldnotraad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Did vou discuss the brochure wlh anvone el= In the familY7g

88

12

2

49

46

s

24

E

12

62

47

1

64

35

1

2

7

1

1

39

2

0

6

0

31

10

4

13

0

63

28

6

24

50

0

26

‘Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.... 35

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Don’tkrtow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

6eermXtKirin ar0nd0rmble.

100

87

11

2

5s

37

s

34

10

4s

10

63

47

1

69

31

0

;

2

1

32

2

0

12

2

9

4

14

E

12

44

18

12

28

38

33

0

0

26

26

44

28

28

72

lcm

88

10

2

S1

44

s

25

:

10

:

1

83

30

1

2

8

1

2

40

2

1

:

31

12

4

11

0

87

27

6

5s

11

12

23

0

42

35

1

0

23

25

52

0

23

2

100

83

13

4

40

5s

6

15

10

60

15

48

53

1

56

43

1

1

6

1

1

45

1

0

2

0

35

6

2

13

:

8

49

11

:

0

38

31

1

0

28

20

51

0

29

36

64

Percent dtstrlbutbn’

Iw 100 100 100

8s

12

2

%

s

22

11

65

12

48

50

1

61

38

1

2

5

1

1

33

1

1

7

0

31

11

2

13

0

61

29

10

46

12

E

o

2

1

0

28

22

50

0

28

32

66

88

12

2

47

49

s

25

:

12

55

44

1

67

32

1

2

9

:

40

2

0

6

1

31

8

5

12

z

7

53

12

z

o

43

31

1

25

26

49

0

25

37

63

88

11

2

4s

47

5

22

:

12

63

46

1

65

34

1

1

7

1

1

40

2

0

6

0

33

6

4

12

0

z

6

S1

12

2

0

z

1

0

26

22

51

0

27

35

65

88

10

2

65

41

4

35

10

44

11

4s

51

2

60

39

1

5

9

3

2

35

1

8

0

19

18

4

13

63

41

6

46

16

15

23

39

36

1

23

37

39

23

32

66

100

79

18

4

41

65

5

23

11

48

18

36

60

1

47

51

1

3

7

2

1

45

:

6

0

34

4

2

11

53

39

9

43

13

14

33

0

36

33

1

0

30

25

44

4

33

67

100

88

9

2

50

45

s

25

:

10

51

48

1

83

36

1

2

6

1

1

40

2

0

5

4

9

2

13

62

29

9

49

12

z

o

40

32

1

0

27

26

46

0

28

33

67

100

87

11

2

53

42

5

23

10

56

11

:

1

76

24

0

1

7

:

37

1

1

6

0

29

12

5

13

0

E

7

54

12

;

o

41

3s

1

0

23

22

55

0

23

38

62
advancedata 15

Tabfe 2. Provisiormi ●stimatos ot ths percent of parsons 18 years of sgo ●nd over with seiacted AIDS knowledge ●d sttitudes from the

1988 Nationai Health interview Survey, by sekotad chsrsoteristics: United State% June 1988-Con.

pm arebssadonhoueahddln!erviswsofthecivubsrf rmrMstWonaltzadpopulation.TtrasurwyOaskJn, genera! quatmcaflona, and krformaflom on the ranabalty of

the estimates are gkran kI taohnlcal nrxse]

A@ sex Race R/wanon

16-29 M 5opS.rS Lees man

AfDslrnOw@ecwaffnude

Mors than

Totaf wws years arrdowr Mah? Female bwrneS&ok 12Ymrs 12jvars 12Yevs

13.

14.

15.

16.

21.

22.

Did any of your chlidmn aged 1(H7 rwid the bfochure?s’s

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

W&tw&o#rra dIeowsad !Mh any of your chifdran

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Have you ever disoussed AIDS wSh any of your ohUdran

aged 1S1775

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Dorrl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have anY CWSJIof y$ur Chlldran aged 10-17 had hefrucfbx at

sohooi about AIDS’?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Dofr’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

WAm:h would you say you know about AtD8?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

some.: : : : : : : : : : : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Aliffle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Donlkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

To the best of your knowledge, b there a dtffererrca bahvaan

having the AIDS wirw and havfng the dii AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

23a AIDS can reduce the body’s natural protection against dbaasa.

Deflnllely lrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Probabiytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Deflnlfely falee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Dofrlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

23b. AIDS is espaoialiy common in Mar people.

Dafirritety lrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Probabtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Prubablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Deflniteiyfa!sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

DorNkr’iow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

230. AIDS can damage the brain.

Definitely twa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

-t~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Probably falsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Deflnttely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Donlkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

23(I. AfDS USUdiy Iaads to h06tl dlsaasa.

Daflnlfelytnre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Probabfy true. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Defiiiteiyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’fkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

23a.AIDSlsanlnfeofious dtsaasecausedby aWrus.

Defintielytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Probablytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Probabtyfafsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

23f.

239.,

Definftelyfafsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . . 13

Teanagerscammtgaf AIDS.

Deflnlfelytr u p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Deflnilelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Don’tkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

AIDSksadstorjeath.

DefinKelytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Probablytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Pmbablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Deflnltelyfalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

26

65

9

30

63

7

59

41

55

23

20

23

49

25

3

65

20

0

15

76

10

2

4

8

1

2;

71

6

22

30

10

6

2s

1

0

2

1

36

9

0

2

1

26

52

20

26

70

3

65

35

0

60

15

26

29

46

21

4

69

17

0

14

60

9

:

7

1

1

16

76

6

z

11

2:

6

22

19

E

70

16

2

3

9

i

:

93

3

69

6

0

;

19

47

35

22

74

4

53

47

67

11

22

:

29

16

0

56

10

3:

66

13

2

3

15

1

4

65

13

:

6

4

z

14

10

43

:

3

4

20

2

1

6

65

7

64

9

0

2

5

22

51

27

;

6

49

50

0

5s

13

32

23

42

2s

9

0

64

16

1

19

75

11

:

10

1

1

;

10

27

30

6

6

2s

8

21

16

18

35

63

19

:

12

1

0

4

91

3

65

10

1

2

3

Parcanfdistrlbufkxrl

31

53

16

31

67

2

76

24

65

15

20

25

44

24

7

0

65

14

:

73

11

3

3

11

0

1

19

72

8

27

30

s

2;

G

16

:

62

19

3

3

14

2

1

2

4

69

7

0

:

26

53

21

25

71

4

64

36

0

60

15

2s

24

45

24

6

0

67

14

0

18

77

11

;

8

1

1

:

7

E

9

7

26

2

18

16

36

63

19

:

12

1

:

62

3

67

9

0

:

31

50

19

33

65

2

:

66

12

20

20

35

w

15

0

Ew

19

1

26

55

13

3

2

2

1

s

16

z

5

6

31

9

23

11

13

44

56

16

:

20

2

1

2

7

66

8

2

5

29

48

23

24

72

5

50

50

59

8

23

::

z

o

32

18

0

42

51

16

3

A

2

2

z

19

24

26

6

5

36

:

9

:

47

20

3

4

26

2

1

6;

9

85

:

:

29

52

19

26

6s

3

53

37

57

:

16

47

30

5

0

64

17

1

19

75

11

2

4

6

1

4

72

7

26

29

;

27

2

15

15

3s

62

19

2

4

12

t

:

91

3

65

6

0

:

24

55

20

25

71

4

72

27

0

55

16

19

37

46

15

2

0

80

11

0

6

67

7

1

1

4

0

0

:

4

5

10

8

22

2

23

19

29

72

17

2

3

6

1

:

95

1

66

10

1

1

1

Seefcdrdesar*nd cftable.
16 advancedata

Table 2. Provislonai estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with eelected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: Unitad Statea, June 1988-Con.

[Dafa era based on householdInterviewsof the civillannonlnslltulbnalizadpopulatbn.Tha suway daslgn,general@Mficatbns, and Informatbnon the reliabllii of

me estimatesare given intecfrnicalnotes]

Age sax Race Educatbn

16-29 3&49 50 pam Lass than More than

AIDS knowledge or attftude Total years yam and omr Male Femafa Wh?e Bteck 12 years 12 years 12years

23h. A parson can be Infectedwlfhme AIOSvirusand not havethe

diseaseAfOS.

Oeflnlfefytme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oeflnifeiyfal= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231. Lookingat a lxwsonIsenough to tell Ifhe or she has the

AIOS vims.

Oeflniteiy!rue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfslse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflrdielyfala a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23j. Anyparsonwlfh the AIDSviruscan psseilonto somaonealaa

during sexual intercourse.

Definitelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfsisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifeiyfabe.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23fcAparsonwho hastheAIOSvirus canlookandfeel healthy

and well.

Oefinitefylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbablyfalaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oafinttefyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231. ApragnantwornsnwhohaamaNDSvlmscan givethaAf06

vlrustoherbabv.

Oafirritelyf&e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbabfylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfsba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definiielyfslsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonl know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23m.Thereieavacc&re avallabletolhapu blictrmrpmtacta aparson

from gettingthe AIOSvirus.

Oefinileiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oefiniteiyfaiae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23n. There Is no cure for AIDS at present.

Deflnitelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbabtylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbabiyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitefyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. HowlUrelydoyouthlnk ifisfriat apaaonwlngetAlfXwthe

AfOSvlruainfecfbn from—

24afJvingneara troapitalorhomefot AIDSpatkmts?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

!?.omewhatllkel y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlii(ely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defimleiynotposslble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’llmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24b. Workingnear someonewiththe AJDSvirus?

Verylikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhallikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oeflnifeiynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oorrlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

240. Eatlnglnaresfaurarrt wheratticookhas theAIDSvirus?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omawhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omawh6funlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oefinifeiynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlkncnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53

24

4

6

14

2

4

16

69

9

79

13

2

2

5

47

31

6

5

11

77

16

0

1

6

1

3

10

73

13

2

3

7

35

46

7

3

6

12

3a

32

8

6

15

16

33

17

12

56

23

4

8

9

2

4

16

74

4

61

12

2

2

3

52

31

5

5

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16

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66

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G

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18

33

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8

57

23

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6

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77

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61

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3

63

29

5

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79

15

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1

5

1

2

9

79

9

87

6

:

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7

36

49

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12

38

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15

16

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45

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6

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6

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35

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15

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16

19

53

23

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:

9

78

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50

31

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74

18

1

$

2

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73

12

64

7

:

5

2

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7

38

42

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:

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e

6

15

15

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17

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Pemantdisfributbn1

52

24

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70

e

84

13

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32

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80

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32

49

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E

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55

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?6

71

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49

31

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78

16

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1

5

1

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10

75

12

66

7

:

4

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36

47

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32

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15

16

35

17

11

43

25

5

;

:

15

60

~4

76

15

:

7

36

32

9

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17

72

16

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:

22’

78

7

2

3

9

4

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34

36

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$

28

11

11

17

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23

;

33

25

4

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31

3

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21

48

22

77

11

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10

28

26

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71

16

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53

28

74

10

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11

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33

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~e

7

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23

16

10

16

11

26

13

25

51

28

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6

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61

12

:

4

45

34

:

10

78

16

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1

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1

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11

72

12

64

7

2

3

4

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3

9

36

44

5

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:

31

7

6

18

17

32

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11

66

21

3

5

6

2

2

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82

3

78

15

2

1

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59

30

3

3

5

80

16

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3

1

:

84

6

90

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7

2aefoW-nfOsatmd dtable.
advancedata 17

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the Percent of persons 18 Year* of w. ●nd over with mlwted AIDS knowledge ●nd attftudes from the

1988 National He8fth Interview Swey, by soleotod charaoteristicm United Statee, Juno 1966-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of fha clvllfan nonlnstlfutlonslizad populatbn, The sutvey design, general qusflficatkxm and lnfonmaflon on the raliabiltty of

tne estimates era ghhm In Wchnkal notes]

A$!e sex Race Educatbn

18-?3 M 5opars

AIDS knowie@e weffWdO

Less then Mom #an

Tow jwrs yearn andow Mah Female WWe Elack 12y&rm 12Yews 12yean

24d. KJsslng-wlttr exchange of saliva-a person who has the

AtDs virus?

Ve~ Ilkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Sonrawhaf Ilkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Somawhat unllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Very unllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Deflnltely notposaibls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24e. Shaking hands, touching, or kbaing on the cheek sowho h6s the AIDS vim?

Very Ilkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewnaf Ilkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

somewhat unilkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vary unllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E

Deffnketynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

24f. Sharing plates, fotfrs, or glasses wilh sonreonewtrohastha

AfDS virus?

Ve~ Ilkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1;

Sornawhat unllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Very unlikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Deflnltely notpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24g. Using public toilets?

Ve~ Ilkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Vety unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Defintlely nolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Don’tlmow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24tI. Sharing needles for drug use wlm someone who has the

AIDS virus?

24L

241.

24k,

Vwylikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Sonmwhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Deflnftely notpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Oont know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

salngooughad orsnaezad on bysomSOna Whohasthe

AIDS ViI’US?

Vety Ilkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewlraf likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l;

Somewhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Varyunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Definitely not passible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Attending school wtIh a chlfd vA’@has the AIDS vkus?

Very likely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhaf Iikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Very unllkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltefy notpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Mosquiloea w other insects?

Very likely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Vwy unllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Defklhlfynor px’aifxs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Don’t-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

25, Haveyouaver donstsd Blood7

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

DonlkncW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

2Sa Have you donated bfood shoe Maroh 1965?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Don’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26tz Have you donated blood fn the past 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

:

::

11

9

2

4

2

38

2

7

16

;

23

6

1;

15

33

31

7

S4

3

0

1

0

1

5

14

18

32

22

9

2

6

:

38

5

8

19

8

24

28

15

29

70

0

lx

o

7

93

0

20

22

E7

8

2

s

E

37

6

1;

:

21

9

4

10

:

2s

8

95

2

0

:

1

5

16

18

32

20

10

2

5

12

:

6

7

13

9

27

27

16

z

o

:

1

7

92

1

27

27

10

16

1:

3

6

;

33

13

10

16

E

17

18

7

13

:

24

17

90

4

0

1

0

5

.

:

13

24

14

19

:

2

31

14

8

14

7

2

26

u

54

1

:

1

3

w

1

Percent dktrlbufkxtt

23

26

12

17

8

11

3

5

12

34

39

8

9

15

15

26

21

12

6

11

;:

27

12

93

3

0

1

:

7

17

15

28

20

14

2

6

:

3s

9

7

14

8

~

23

m

69

0

:

0

5

35

0

21

26

:

+:

2

5

E

s

7

7

17

15

E

10

1:

13

35

28

10

94

3

0

1

0

2

6

17

16

30

1s

12

2

6

E

35

8

7

14

8

25

26

20

42

56

0

:

1

8

23

1

2s

24

12

14

6

1s

4

6

2

2s

11

t4

15

14

24

18

15

1:

13

26

24

14

82

5

0

1

;

9

16

z

17

18

2

6

:

32

15

10

16

9

:

25

32

86

1

:

1

2

97

1

26

28

9

14

L

:

:

28

18

12

18

12

z?

z

9

15

;

18

22

87

4

0

1

0

7

41

18

13

22

xi

4

8

9

z

20

12

17

6

18

19

29

30

70

0

5

94

0

2

98

1

2

12

18

8

11

2

5

2

36

6

8

18

z

19

10

5

13

14

31

27

10

ru

:

1

0

2

7

19

z

18

12

2

7

$

33

7

7

16

9

z

20

37

82

0

:

1

6

94

1

2

16

24

8

5

i

2

42

2

6

15

:

25

6

3

7

13

39

33

5

95

:

i

o

1

4

15

16

2

7

:

9

42

40

4

5

13

2

31

16

49

51

0

:

1

6

91

1

SeOfodmte$ domoftabls.
18 advancedata

Tablo 2. Provisional astimates of the percent of parsons 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and attftudee from the

1888 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, June 1988-Con.

[Data are based on househotrt Interviews of the civilian noninsWtlonalimd populafbn.The surveydesign,general quaiificefbns, end Informationon the relfrsbilttyof

the estknafes era given h technical notes]

Age sex Race Educatkm

law 3&49 5oyk?am Lessthan

AIDS kM@$drW OfattWd8

Mom than

Total years years srr# over Male Female Write Black 12 m 12 wars 12 yews

27. H8ve you ever heard of a Mc@ test that can detect me AIDS

virus infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

26. To the best of your knowbdge, are blood donatkms routinely

tested now for the AIDS virus hfecfbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Never lwarrtoft este... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

26a Have you ever recetved courrselhg or had a talk WWI a health

professbnal about taking the AIDS virus @st7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheerdoftesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

29b.Westherliscussbn-’”7

30.

31.

32.

33.

Wlfhaprivatedoctor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Afafernlly-plenningcllrric?...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

OnenAfDShotline? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Afaprenafalcliilc? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

At8nSTDorsexueJlytrarrsmNteddlsease clinic? . . . . . . . 1

AfenAIDS/HIVcounsefingandlesting site? . . . . . . . . . . 11

Wilhsomeotherhealfhprof6Ssbnal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S

Wtlheorneothercounselor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Durtngthatdlscussbn, didyourecetve infomnatbn about how

10 avoid getflrrg or passing on the AIDS WUS?7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6s

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Donltmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Heva you ever been adwsed by a health professional not to

havethebloodtesf forUreAIDSvirus Infactbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Have you ever been advised by friends or relatives not to have

thebloodteslfor lheAIDSvirus infeclbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftest6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Haveyouhedyour bloodlesfedforthe AIDSvlmslnfecfbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Neverheardofteste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

35aHowmmyUmes haveyouhadyour bloodtestedforlhe AIDS

vkustnfecfbn?

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Htimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6-1211mes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Morethan 12tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Neverheerdoforneverboktest”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4

35b. How many tlrnas in the past 12 months have you had your

Moodtestedforthe AJDSviruslnfecfbn?

None lnthepest12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Morethsnonce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Neverlmardoforne%’ertooktesfs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4

36. Wasthelesliwereenyoflhetests,lncludingthoseyou had

before the pest 12 months-1’9

Pertofabfooddonatbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Parfofabloodtransfusbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Votunterflyeought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Part ofsomeolheractMlymat requires ablooclssmple? . . 13

83

14

4

73

4

6

17

4

76

0

17

42

14

2

13

:

20

82

15

3

2

0

17

1

82

1;

23

60

2

15

6

1

0

0

0

14

78

2

5

2

;

73

2

10

16

83

14

3

75

3

5

17

7:

0

17

61

1

:

9

45

10

60

40

A

17

1

82

17

20

64

1

15

5

1

1

1

0

11

81

2

5

2

;

74

1

16

10

62

31

7

53

3

6

3s

6:

0

38

63

9

26

6

4s

52

2

3s

o

62

3S

:

3?

:

0

0

i

93

1

2

1

9:

76

1

15

13

76

20

4

66

3

6

24

4

71

0

24

47

3

1

1

10

3s

18

6s

32

7:

2:

0

75

2

19

57

2

22

5

1

1

0

0

11

82

2

4

2

fl

71

1

17

15

Percent@stribufbnl

76

19

5

67

3

6

24

7:

0

24

51

8

2

11

1

11

39

6

67

30

2

7:

24

1

75

24

74

61

2

23

3

:

0

0

6;

:

;

se

77

2

11

11

78

18

4

89

3

6

22

3

75

0

22

48

4

1

4

1

12

42

13

66

33

1

;

4

1

n

;

16

61

2

21

4

1

1

0

0

2

2

3

1

:

76

2

13

12

66

26

6

54

4

6

34

5

61

0

34

49

11

9

2

7

31

13

so

xl

4

34

66

34

15

51

$

4

0

2

0

0

8

85

;

2

;

60

21

21

57

36

7

46

3

8

43

1

55

0

43

26

14

7

12

17

33

60

20

&

44

1

56

44

6

46

2

42

3

0

0

0

;

92

:

0

5

92

88

2

13

17

75

20

5

67

3

5

25

3

72

0

25

36

8

6

2

6

39

8

77

21

2

7;

25

0

75

25

15

61

2

23

3

1

1

0

0

4

1

3

:

65

74

0

15

13

87

10

3

79

:

13

&

o

13

59

.;

5

1

12

40

%4

61

38

1

0

67

0

13

1

87

1:

23

64

2

11

6

1

1

:

14

76

2

5

2

13

76

75

2

14

12

sOOfo@rmresaremJ Ofrable.
advancedata 19

Table 2. Previsional estimates of the percent of parsorw 18 years of ●go ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and ●ttitudes from the

198S National Heafth Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United Ststes, June 1988-Con.

[Data arabasedon hwahold Intafviavm of the cMfian f)0ftIfBtftUtbn81fZOffPopulatbn. The survey (WLfn, 9eneMl qusfifiilor% and inforrnafbn on the mlbblilty of

ma estimates are given fn taohnfcal notes]

Am sex Rsoe Eduoafbn

1s-29 3049 50 jaam Less than

AIDS lmcwWge or alftuds

More than

Tofal yeats yearn srrd Owr Male Femsle WW8 S&k 12years 1.?ywars12ynws

38. Did you get the results of ywr teafhny of your tests?e

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Donlkncnv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

41. Do you expeot to have a Mood test for the AIDS virus lnfedon

tn Iha next 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Never h&mloftee# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

42 WI the test be-l’lo

Panofabtood donatbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

VolwWuilyaought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Part of some other ecttdty Umf requires a blood sample? . . 19

44a Dktyouhave aWodtmnfusbnatsn ytime betwsen

1977 and W&3?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

44b. Do you think the present suppfy of blood k safe for tmnfuabns?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Dthar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

45. Herearesome methods peopieuseto pfavantgatting the AfDS

vh’usthrough sexual aotMty. How effective k45a Using a diaphmgm?

Veryeffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somawhateffacftia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Notatall effactNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Don’tknowhow effeotlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Donlknowrnethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

46b. Using a condom?

VeryeffacWa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2g

Sornewhatefreofhrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a

Notatafl effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknow howeffeotiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Donlknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4*. Using a sparmicldal Jelly, foam, or cream?

Veryeffecwm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat effactlva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I;

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Donlknowhow effecffve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

45d. Having a vasacforr@

Vetyeffacfive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somawhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleffeottve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7;

Don’fknowhoweffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Donlknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

45e.Twopaoplewho donothavetheAtDS vkushevfngsexonly

withaachothef’?

Veryeffeoftwr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IM

6omewhsfeffeoWe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

Notatafleffecttva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknowhoweffecttv a....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Donlknowmethocf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

46. Whatare yourchances ofhawngthe AIDSW?

Hig h . . . . . . . .

M~lum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :Jl::::::::::::::

o

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

47. Whatare yourchancas ofgettfig the NDSvim?

H&th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

HlghchancaofalreadyhavingAtDSvlm. . . . . . . . . . . . 0

56

42

2

:

6

17

25

65

16

3

96

1

48

26

24

3

E

18

5

34

53

8

5

1

3

18

55

18

6

2

5

69

17

6

61

11

5

3

1

0

2:

75

2

1

2

29

65

3

0

54

45

1

7

71

5

17

40

53

19

5

94

1

47

28

24

2

:

18

6

32

66

4

5

1

2

18

56

18

5

1

7:

12

5

85

8

2

3

1

0

2

:

2

;

24

70

2

0

47

49

4

2

56

2

21

=

7

91

2

:

36

3

18

42

30

9

23

51

7

15

4

2

15

3e

32

12

2

4

24

10

76

8

2

11

3

0

1

6

87

4

0

1

11

64

4

0

z

1

7

63

5

24

z

21

5

93

1

49

24

27

3

14

S

21

7

31

ES

4

7

2

3

17

49

23

8

2

4

71

17

7

63

8

3

5

2

0

2

17

77

3

1

2

24

66

4

0

Percentdstributbnl

52

46

2

:

5

24

30

58

17

6

93

1

%

28

3

2

21

6

28

54

6

10

2

2

17

51

23

7

2

7;

16

8

76

10

3

:

0

1

13

63

2

0

1

17

78

2

0

50

46

2

:

2

37

55

19

2

1

46

26

26

3

15

z

6

30

56

5

:

2

16

::

7

2

7:

16

6

83

8

3

5

1

0

1

15

81

2

0

2

21

74

3

0

74

26

13

45

$

17

:

9:

0

37

33

30

5

:

25

12

27

45

8

14

6

4

13

44

14

3

5

54

24

14

65

15

5

10

4

;

16

76

5

1

2

21

71

5

1

51

44

4

4

47

5

43

23

67

27

2

1

=

38

4

:

33

15

20

47

9

19

6

3

10

37

34

16

2

4

28

16

67

12

4

14

4

1

1

8

65

5

0

2

9

63

6

1

49

46

3

6

64

2;

31

55

21

6

63

1

43

29

2s

3

:

22

5

29

67

5

7

1

2

E

23

6

2

3

70

18

7

61

10

3

5

1

0

1

14

61

3

1

2

18

76

3

0

56

42

8

75

4

13

35

62

15

2

1

:

23

3

:

15

4

E

:

1

3

20

55

18

5

;

62

11

3

68

z

3

1

0

2

20

77

1

0

2

30

67

1

0

* fcelnotesat end of table,
20 advancedata

Table 2. Provisional estimates of ths parcont of persons 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from the

1988 National Health Intarvlow Survay, byaalaobdcharactarlatlcx United Statea, Juno 19S8-Con.

[Data are based on houWhoM krtarvtsws of ma oW91annonhstitutWlauzad PoPulafbn. The survey daakfn, general qualiiioatbrts, md hforrnalbn on the rellablllty or

the astlmates are given h taohntcalnotes]

w sex Raoa Educat&m

16-29 30+9 50 yeals L69s than More than

A.lDSkrroWc@oratUud9 Total w years ana over Male Femefa White Blaok 12 ywrs 12 years 12 yam

49.

52.

53.

64.

55.

66.

57.

56.

DoYOu*~{~~~ADSbWhw-hm

becauseyouHave had a Mood tmnsWr@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Have had sexual sonlact wtth aomaonawhomlgMhava

the vfrus?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Somaomarreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Have you aver disoussad ADS wkh a friend or rafamre?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Donlkrrrnv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Whenweslha tasttknayou dtscuss@AtDSwKh afrtendor

relathm?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

4-7 days ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

8-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

15-31 days ego . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Morathan31 rtaysc@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Never dLsoussad’z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Have you ever personatiy known anyone wHr NDS or the

AIDS VilW?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

How long has tt bean slnca you saw thfs parson?

wnhlnpasf2we4a.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2w8ekS-laSS thSnlmor’rth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

lmonth-tass than3months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3monlhs-lass than6rnonlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6months ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Never knewanyone wUh AIDS’3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

How well do you knowlhb person?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Faktywell .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notverywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’treeliyknow~rsonatiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknowhowwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NeverknawarrycmewlthAIDS’s... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;

Isanyoflheseslataments trueforyou?

a Youhavehemo~WKmd~WwWcbH~*W

carcanlratmsbma 1977.

b.YouareanattveofHaltlorCantrator EastAfrkawtrohas

entered the Untted States since 1977.

c. Youarea manwhohas hadsexwlth another manalsorne

time slnca 1977, even 1 time.

d. You have taken lilegal dregs by needle at any lima shoe

1977.

e. Sinoa1977, youamor have been thesexpertnerofany

parson who would amswer yes 10 any of the items above

(57 a-d).

f. Youhave hsdsaxfor money ordrugs atanytirne since

1977.

Yestoat least lslatemenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notoall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Refused. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

TheU.S.PubllcHeaith Sarvkehassaidthet AfDS&onaoftha

mejortrealth problems Intheccunttybuf exacflyhowmany

peopleltaffactsis nolknown.ThaSurgeon Ganersihas

proposedtha!astudy beconducladand bloodsampiaaba

taken to help find out how widespread the problem b. if you

were selected in this national sample of people to heve their

blood tested with assurances of privacy of test rssuits, would

you have the lest?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Diner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3

19

73

71

29

0

11

14

12

13

17

4

30

9

89

2

1

1

1

1

5

0

91

1

3

3

;

e2

4

96

0

74

19

2

4

12

16

62

76

24

0

12

18

11

17

14

2:

13

85

2

2

0

1

;

e7

2

3

5

2

1

67

3

97

0

72

20

3

6

16

14

46

56

44

1

10

12

7

12

9

6

44

6

91

3

1

0

1

0

4

0

94

1

1

2

1

94

0

100

0

0

84

28

3

5

9

20

64

63

37

1

11

13

10

13

11

4

9

69

2

1

0

1

1

5

0

91

2

2

3

1

1

91

3

96

0

0

70

23

3

4

Percent dtatrlbutbnl

11

14

61

72

20

0

11

16

10

15

15

2:

10

68

2

:

1

1

6

eo

1

3

3

2

1

20

1

99

0

69

22

2

6

10

:

69

31

1

11

14

10

15

14

3:

2

2

;

1

1

6

0

91

1

2

4

1

1

91

G

o

0

70

22

3

5

6

16

47

63

37

13

16

e

10

6

6

37

13

85

2

1

:

2

7

87

3

5

2

2

1

67

4

98

70

19

4

7

14

20

34

48

52

0

8

11

8

8

8

2

4

93

2

:

1

0

:

96

1

1

:

0

96

2

98

0

65

25

3

7

11

15

72

67

33

1

11

15

10

14

12

2

6

92

2

1

0

0

0

4

64

:

2

1

1

94

2

98

0

71

21

2

5

4

22

65

79

20

0

13

16

11

17

18

5

21

16

82

3

2

:

2

9

0

64

2

4

6

2

2

65

3

97

0

71

22

3

4

See fodmtea aterxl oftable.
advancedata 21

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the peroent of persons 18 years of age ●nd over with seieoted AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, June 1988-Con.

~afa are basedon househofdinterviewsof the cMlian nonklstffutbnaftzedpopulation.The surveydesign,general quefitfcalbns,and Informatbn on the reliebiltlyOf

the estimatesare given In technfcalnotes]

Age sex Raoe Eduoetbn

16-29 30-49 50 Jaws

AIDSktroW@eor afftuda

Lessmarr Mm3 then

Total j.%%wsyams andovkw h4eh9Female W?Me Slack 12yenfs 12y@ers 12yee13

59.

61.

62

viny woukm you talre pait fnthe tasf?14

Don’twentto knowlfl haveAIDS.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Donlwantanycounseling aburt AIDS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Feerl’ll get AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’tllketo give blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Donltrust Govamment progrerns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Ittsaweste of money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donl believeAIDS oan reallybe cured anyway . . . . . . . .

Dlher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Men Federal publiohealth offlciatsgive informafbnabout

AIDS, do you believewhat they say or are you doubtfulabout

the informafbnthey give?

SdSVe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

When they [pubflohealth offldals]giveadvke about how to

help keep from gettingAIDS, do you believetheir adwce or are

yOUdoubtfulabout what they say?

8elbve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6

4

74

6

1

0

54

16

E

6

81

13

6

Percentdtstribufbnl

6 2 4 5 4 11

2 1 1 1 13

5 7 4 7 57

11 8 8 13 10 11

9 5 94 6 12

2 4 4 2 3

;

~ 6; 6: i 5: 41

15 15 12 18 15 14

6560 66 66 65

m 31 : 26 28 27

5 10 e 7 68

WI 7576607976

18 17 17 14 16 16

4 8 56 58

3 6 3

1 1 1

6 6 4

10 11 10

2 6 10

3 3 2

2 1

59 54 2

77 17 11

60 66 66

29 28 27

11 6 5

72 79 62

16 16 34

10 5 4
22 advanceclata

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

Continuou% cross-sectional household interview suwey.

Each week a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Interview Sunrey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes was

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

Table L Sample sizes for the 1988 National Health Interview

Suwey of AIDS Knowfadge ●nd Attkudes ●nd estimated ●dult

population 18 years of age ●nd over, by selected characterlatics:

United States, May-June 1988

Sarnpls sirs Esttmated

populatkm

Charactmstic May Juna k-lthousands

Ailadutts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,205 4,046 174,52s

A!W

16-26 yaers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 915 47,725

20-49 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279 1,511 66,1G9

5oyears Andover . . . . . . . . . . 1,126 1,622 60,625

.

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381 1,768 S2,703

Fomalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,s24 2.2s2 91,625

Ftacs

Wane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,63s 3,331 151,003

black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 579 19.107

Educalbn

Lesslhen 12yaars . . . . . . . . . 753 951 41,503

12yeata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,14s 1,553 66,475

Morelhan 12yerua . . . . . . . . . 1,292 1,494 62,363

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed interviews with 3,205 persons in May and

4,048 persons in June, or about 88 percent of eligible

respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have had their bloocj

tested for the AIDS virus. The population figures in table I

are based on first-quarter 1987 data from the NHIS; they

are not official population estimates. Tables II and III show

approximate standard errors of estimates presented in tables 1 and 2. Both the estimates in tables 1 and 2 and the

standard errors in tables II and III are provisional. They

may differ slightly from estimates made using the final data

file because they were calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does not adjust for all the factors used in

weighting the final data file. A final data file covering the

entire data collection period for 1988 will be available in

1989.

A number of measures of AIDS knowledge declined

slightly between December 1987 and May 1988. Thest:

small decreases may reflect the effects of a methodological

experiment that was included in the 1988 National Health

Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes during

May, June, and July. This experiment was designed tc~

investigate two aspects of questionnaire design effeck the

effect of varying the order in which response categories

were read to respondents and the effect of varying the order

Table IL Standard errors, expressed In percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge ●nd Attltudea, by selected characteristic- United States, May 1988

Aoe sax Ra@ Education

l&2S W9 60 yam Less than More than

Eattrrrabdpement Total yearn yaam and ovar Ma/s Female while Black 12 years 12 years 12 yaats

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0,6 1.3 1.0 o.a

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7

0.s

1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.1

150r66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 22 1.7 1.4 1.3

200r SO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 25 1.9 1.6 1.5

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 21 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 27 21 1.7 1.6

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2 1.7 1,7 1.6 1.4 1.2 26 22 1.8 1.7

350r S5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 23 1.8 1.s 1.7 1.6 1.2 2.9 23 1.8 1.7

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 3.0 2.3 1.9 1.6

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 24 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 3.1 2.4 1.9 1.8

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 24 1.6 1.9 7.8 1.5 1.3 3.* 2.4 1.9 1.s

Table Ill. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, June 1988

Age sex Rata Educatlorr

1s29 30-42 50 ysars Lass than More than

EWnratsd pament Tofs/ years years and mar Male Famaia W7Me Black 12 yaws 12 yem 12 yeals

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 -

10or 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.s 0.7 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.0

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.5 1.2 12 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.2

200r EKI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 22 1.7 1.3 1.4

250r76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.s 1.4 1.5

200r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 20 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.6

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 26 2.0 1.6 1.6

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.s 1.3 1.1 2.7 21 1.6 1.7

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 22 1.7 ?.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 2.7 21 1.7 1.7

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 22 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 2.7 21 1.7 1.7
acfvancedata 23

in which questions or subp&ts of questions were asked. In the second version, the response category order was

The experiment involved comparison of four different modified; in the third version, the question order was

versions of the questionnaire, which were randomly modified; and in the fourth version, both the response

assigned to respondents. In the first version, the response category order was reversed and the question order was

category order and question order were identieal to those modified. The questions involved were numbers 21,23,24,

used for comparable questions in the 1987 AIDS sumey. 45-47,61, and 62.
24 advancedata

Suggested citation

National Center for Heatth Statietioe, D. A. Daweon.

AIDS knowledge and attitudeafor May and June

19SS, Provisional date from tie National Health

lnteniiew Survey. Advanoe Data Fmm Vi and

Hes/ttr Statistics. No. 160. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

8S-1250. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

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