WOODWARD, R.3.

...Report on astronomical wor] 

of 1889 and 1890.

#-* " 

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747

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DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR

BULLETIN

OF THE

UNITED STATES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

No. 7O

REPORT ON ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1899 AND 1890

WASHINGTON

PRI1S

1S90

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

 t - 

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

United States. Department of the interior. ( U. S. geological survey).

Department of the interior j | Bulletin | of the | United 

States j geological survey | no. 70 | [Seal of the department] | 

Washington | government printing office | 1890

Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, 

director | | Report | on | astronomical work | of | 1889 and 1890 | 

by | Robert Simpson Woodward | [Vigtiette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1890

8°. 79pp.

Woodward (Robert Simpsou).

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | 

Report | on | astronomical work | of | 1889 and 1890 | by | Robert 

Simpson Woodward | [Vignette] j

Washington | government printing office | 1890

«o. 79 pp.

(UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey). 

Bulletin 70].

United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | 

Report | on | astronomical work | of | 1889 and 1890 | by | Robert 

Simpson Woodward | [Vignette] j

Washington | government printing office | 1890

6°. 79 pp.

[UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (17. S. geological survey). 

Bulletin 701.

[Bulletin No. 70.]

The publications of the "United States Geological Survey are issued in accordance with the statute 

approved March 3, 1879, which declares that 

"Thepublicationsof theGeological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geological 

and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general 

and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geological Survey 

shall accompany the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs and reports 

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On July 7, 1882, the following joint resolution, referring .to all Government publications, was passed 

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ANNUAL REPORTS.

I. First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Clarence King. 880. 8°. 79pp. 

1 map. A preliminary report describing plan of organization and publications.

II. Second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1880-'81, by J. W. Powell. 1882. 

8°. Iv, 588pp. 62 pi. 1 map.

III. Third Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1881-'82, by J. W. Powell. 1883. 

8°. xviii, 564 pp. 67 pi. and maps.

IV. Fourth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1882-'83, by J. XV. Powell. 1884. 

8°. xxxii, 473 pp. 85 pi. and maps.

V. Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-'84, by J. W. Powell. 1885. 

8°. xxxvi, 469 pp. 58 pi. and maps.

VI. Sixtli Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-'85, by J. W. Powell. 1885. 

8°. xxix, 570 pp. 65 pi. and maps.

VII. Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188">-'86, by J. W. Powell. 1888. 

8°. xx, 656 pp. 71 pi. and maps.

VIII. Eighth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1886-'87, by J. "W. Powell. 1889. 

8°. 2 v. xix, 474, xii pp. 53 pi. and maps; 1 p. 1.475-1063 pp. 54-76 pi. and maps.

IS. Ninth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1887-'88, by J. W. Powell. 1889. 

8°. xiii, 717 pp. 88 pi. and maps.

The Tenth and Eleventh Annual Reports are in press.

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IV.'Cornstock Mining and Miners, by Eliot Lord. 1883. 4°. xiv, 451 pp. 3 pi. Price $1.50.

I
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ADVERTISEMENT. Ill

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24. List of Marine Mollusca, comprising .the Quaternary Fossils and recent forms from American 

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28. The Gabbrosand Associated Hornblende Rocks occurring in the Neighborhood of Baltimore, Md. 

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29. On the Fresh-water Invertebrates of the North American Jurassic, by Charles A. White. 1886. 

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30. Second Contribution to the Studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1886. 8°. 369 pp. 33 pi. Price 25 cents.

31. Systematic Review of our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1886. 8°. 128pp. Price 15 cents.

32. Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States; a Preliminary Study, by Albert 

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37. Types of the Laramie Flora, by Lester F. Ward. 1887. 8°. 354 pp. 57 pi. Price 25 cents.

38. Peridotite of Elliott County, Kentucky, by J. S. Diller. 1887. 8°. 31pp. 1 pi. Price 5 cents.

39. The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Uphara. 1887. 8°. 84 

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40. Changes in River Courses in Washington Territory due to Glaciation, by Bailey Willis. 1887. 8°. 

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41. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian the Geuesee Section, New York, by Henry S. 

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44. Bibliography of North American Geology for 1886, by Nelson H. Darton. 1887. 8°. 35 pp. 

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IV ADVERTISEMENT.

48. On the Form and Position of the Sea Level, by Kobert Simpson Woodward. 1888. 8°. 88 pp. 

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49. Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri, Kansas, and New Mexico, by Kobert 

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50. Formulas and Tables to facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 124pp. Price 15 cents.

51. On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. 1889. 8°. 102 pp. 

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52. Subaerial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israel Cook 

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56. Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potouiac Formation, by Frank Hall Kuowltou. 1889. 8°. 72 pp. 

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57. A Geological Reconnaissance in South western Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1890. 8°. 49pp. 2 pi. 

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 59. The Gabbros and Associated Rocks in Delaware, by Frederick D. Chester. 1890. 8°. 45 pp. 

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61. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Pacitic Coast, by William Harlow Melville and Waldemar 

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64. A Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 

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66. On a Group of Volcanic Rocks from the Tewan Mountains, New Mexico, and on the occurrence 

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67. The relations of the Traps of the Newark System in the New Jersey Region, by Nelson Horatio 

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68. Earthquakes in California in 1869, by James Edward Keeler. 1890. 8°. 25pp. Price 5 cents.

69. A Classed and Annotated Bibliography of Fossil Insects, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1890. 

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70. Report oil Astronomical Work of 1889 aud 1890, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1890. 8°. 79 

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In press:

65. Comparative Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Rocks of the Northern Half of the Appalachian Field, by I. C. White.

71. ludex to the Known Fossil Insects of the World, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder.

72. Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Upham.

73. The Viscosity of Solids, by Carl Barus.

74. The Minerals of North Carolina, by F. A. Genth.

75. A Record of North American Geology for 1887 to 1889, inclusive, by Nelson Horatio Darton.

76. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (second edition), compiled by Henry Gannett.. 

In preparation:

 Mesozoic Fossils in the Permian of Texas, by C. A* White.

 A Late Volcanic Eruption in Northern California and its Peculiar Lava, by J. S. Diller.

 The Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Barus.

 The Eruptive and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and their contact phenomena, 

by W. S. Bayley

 A Bibliography of Paleobotany, by David White.
ADVERTISEMENT. V

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1882, by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8°. xvii,813pp. Price 

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, by Albert Williams, .jr. 1885. 8°. xiv, 1016 

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1885. Division of Mining Statistics and Technology. 1886. 

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1886, by David I. Day. 1887. 8°. viii, 813 pp. Price'50 

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Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887, by David T. Day. 1888. 8°. vii, 832 pp. Price 50 

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Survey should be addressed

To THE DIRECTOR OF THE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

WASHINGTON, D. C., November, 1890.

DBPAETMBNT OF THE INTEEIOE

BULLETIN

OF THE

UNITED. STATES

igMr SURVEY

No. 7O

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT RRINTING OFFICE 

1890

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR

REPORT

AST ICAL WOKK

OF

1889 AND 189O

BY

ROBERT SIMPSON WOODWARD

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1890

CONTENTS.

Page*

Letter of transmittal........................................................ 9

Astronomical positions determined in 1889 and 1890.......................... 11

Description of stations................ .................................. 12

Spearville, Kansas; Boise* City, Idaho; Cisco, Texas; SierraBlanca,

Texas ............................................................ 12

Instruments and instrumental constants................................. 12

Instruments used at St. Louis and in field, and their constants.... .... 12

Latitudes............................................................... 13

Methods of observation and computation; tables of results............ 13

Longitudes..--...... ................................................... 23

Methods of observation and computation; tables of results........... 23

Personal equation work ............... 1........... ,... ............ 24

Time-piece corrections and rates..................................... 62

Record of clock comparisons and apparent differences of longitude.... 64

Longitude differences uncorrected for personal and instrumental equation................... ........................................... . 66

Corrections for personal and instrumental equation, 1889............. 67

Corrections for personal and instrumental equation, 1890............. 69

Arrangement of telegraphic circuits, transmission times, etc.......... 70

Adopted longitudes ...........j.......°........................ ...... 70

Geographical positions of piers...................................... 71

Fixation of the one hundred and fifth meridian in El Paso County, Texas- 71

Method adopted to fix meridian..... ................................. 71

Measurement of base-line............ ................................ . 72

Angles of triangulatiou ............................................. 74

Connection with base of Texas Geological Survey.................... 77

Azimuth of base-line................ ................................ 78

Geodetic positions of points in triangulatiou......................... 78

Positions of stones marking the one hundred and fifth meridian....... 79

Probable error of position of meridian as defined by marking stones... 80

5

ILLUSTRATION.

Page.

Sketch of triangulation connecting Sierra Blanca pier with 105th meridian, El 

Paso, Texas ................................................................ 75

7

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

Washington, D. C., June 30, 1890.

SIR : I have the honor to submit herewith a report on certain astronomical positions determined in 1889 and 1890.

I desire in this connection to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. 

H. S. Pritchett, who made the observations at the base station, St. 

Louis, in the longitude work; to Messrs. H. L. Baldwin,jr., W. T. 

Griswold, R. U. Goode, and A. P. Davis, who assisted me in the field 

work; to Mr. S. S. Gannett, for assistance in the office computations; 

and to Mr. B. C. Washington, jr., for assistance in office computations 

and in the preparation of this report. The Survey is indebted to Prof. 

W. von Streeruwitz and his assistants, of the Texas Geological Survey, 

and to the officials of the Missouri River Commission for much valuable 

assistance, concerning which mention is made in the text. I desire also 

to acknowledge the uniform courtesy of the officials of the Western 

Union Telegraph Company, who granted the free use of their lines in 

exchanging clock signals. 

Yery respectfully,

R. S. WOODWARD,

Chief Geographer. 

Hon. J. W. POWELL,

Director U. S. Geological Survey.

REPORT ON ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889

AND 1890.

BY B. S. WOODWARD.

ASTRONOMICAL POSITIONS DETERMINED.

(1) The astronomical positions which form the subject of the following report were determined in connection with the geographical work of 

the Geological Survey during the autumn of 1889 and the spring of 

1890. The points determined are the following, the designations being 

those of the towns in or near which the astronomical observations were 

made: Spearville, Kansas; Boise" City, Idaho; and Cisco and Sierra 

;Blanca, Texas.

The longitudes were all determined by the telegraphic method with 

reference1 to the observatory of Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. The observations at this point were made by Prof. H. S. Pritchett, director of the observatory. The observations in the field were 

made chiefly by the writer. He was assisted at Spearville, Kansas, 

by Mr. H. L. Baldwin, jr., who observed one night for latitude; at 

Boise" City, Idaho, by Mr. W. T. Griswold; at Cisco, Texas, by Mr. E. 

U. Goode, who observed one night for latitude; and at Sierra BUtnca, 

Texas, by Mr. A. P. Davis.

In connection with the astronomical work at Sierra Blanca, two points 

on the one hundred and fifth meridian were established in Bl Paso 

County, Texas. The intersection of this meridian with the Eio Grande 

Eiver defines the common corner of El Paso, Jeff Davis, and Presidio 

Counties, and hence the location of this meridian on the ground is a 

matter of importance to those counties and to the State of Texas. The 

meridian being about twenty-one miles east of the astronomical station 

at Sierra Blanca, it was necessary to resort to geodetic operations in 

order to locate near the meridian a point from which the precise position of the meridian could be measured off on the ground. The details 

of these operations were designed and executed chiefly by Mr. A. P. 

Davis.

11
-12 ' ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. IBULL. 70. 

DESCRIPTION OF STATIONS.

(2) At each of the | <xnts named above a suitable pier was erected to 

support the ineridiau transit used iu making the astronomical observations. All the piers are of one pattern. They consist of a foundation 

of one cubic yard of concrete well set in hydraulic cement. Centrally 

on the surface of the foundation, which rises to the level of the ground 

surface, a solid column of brick-work two by two and one-half bricklengths in cross-section rises .to a height of about three feet. This 

column is capped by a dressed stone 6 by 19 by 24 inches.

At Spearville, Kansas, the pier is about 150 feet south of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa F6 Railway, and about 1,000 feet east of the 

railway station. It is the east end of a secondary base measured by 

Mr. H. L. Baldwin, jr., in 1889.

At Boise" City, Idaho, the pier is on the plain south of the city, about 

1,000 feet southwest of the terminus (in 1889) of the Boise" branch of the 

Union Pacific Railway. It is near the road leading from this terminus 

across the irrigation ditch; it is south of and within 300 feet of the 

bridge across this ditch.

At Cisco, Texas, the pier is located on a hill near the intersection of 

Fourth street and Avenue F. It is 58.1 feet north and 16.2 feet west of 

a well-hole cased with iron tubing to a depth of 1,500 feet.

At Sierra Blanca, Texas, the pier is on the south side of and about 

200 feet from the Southern Pacific Railway.

In all cases these piers are conspicuous objects and in localitieswhere they are unlikely to be disturbed for a long time.

INSTRUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTAL CONSTANTS.

(3) The instruments used at St. Louis were a meridian transit by 

Fauth & Co., a chronograph by Bond & Sous, and a break-circuit sidereal clock, No. 214, by Howard. The constants of the transit instrument as used in 1889 are th.e same as those of 1884-'85, and published 

in Bulletin No.'49 of U. S. Geological Survey. During the winter of 

1889-'90 the agate V's of this transit were replaced by brass V's, both 

of which were made immovable, and the pivots were at the same time 

repolished. These changes made the instrument somewhat more stable 

in azimuth and in inclination than it had been during the autumn of 

1889. The inequality of pivots was also reduced to an inappreciable 

quantity.

The instruments used in the field were meridian transit No. 20 by 

Wiirdemann, a chronograph by Fauth & Co., and a break-circuit sidereal chronometer, No. 187, by Bond & Sons. The principal constants 

of this transit are given in Bulletin No. 49 of U. S. Geological Survey. 

Since the constants given in that publication were determined, however, 

the pivots have been turned again, a new glass diaphragm has been 

supplied, and additional data for the value of the zenith distance mi-
WOODWARD.] LATITUDES. 13

crometer screw have been obtained. The new values for the constants 

used in the work to which this report relates are the following : 

Equatorial intervals of diaphragm lines from mean of middle five lines.

Wire A! + 24s .22 } 

A2 + 20 .22 

A3 + 16 .08

1 + 8 .07

2+4 .03

3 + 0 .05 . Clamp west. 

 4 4 .02

5 8 .12 

B! 16 .09 

B2 20 .13 

B3 -24.173

Inequality of pivots = + 08 .096 for clamp west.

Value half revolution of micrometer screw = 40".356.

The value of a half revolution of the micrometer screw determined 

in 1884 from transits of Polaris near its elongation, is 40".381. 1 The 

value given above is a mean of this value (40".381) and a value (40".331) 

determined from a large number of observations made by Mr. B. C. 

Washington, jr., and Mr. S. S. Gannett on a graduated staff placed at 

a known distance from the transit.

LATITUDE^.

(4) The latitudes of the piers were determined by Talcottfs method. 

At each station a meridian mark, whose azimuth was accurately 

determined by the time observations, was used to keep the error of 

collimation small, and the Hue of collimation close to the meridian.

Pairs of stars were selected from Prof. Safford's catalogue of 2,018 

stars.2 In computing the apparent places of these stars, corrections 

for secular variation of precession were applied.

The computations for the latitudes of Spearville, Kansas; Boise" City, 

Idaho; and Cisco, Texas, were made chiefly by Mr. S. S. Gannett; those 

for the latitude of Sierra Blanca, Texas, were made chiefly by Mr. B. C. 

Washington, jr.

The details of the latitude work are given in Table I following, and 

the individual results, weights, etc., are given in Table II. The weights 

applied are the same as those given on page 32 of Bulletin No. 49 of D". 

S. Geological Survey.

1 Bulletin No. 49, U. S. Geological Survey, p. 12.

2 Mean declinations of 2,018 stars between Oh and 2h and 12h and 24h right ascension, and 10° and 70° 

north declination, for January 1. 1875. Prepared under the direction of Lieut. George M. Wheeler 

Corps Engineers, U. S. Aitay. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1879.
14 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. 

TABLE I. Details of latitude ivork: Station, Spearville.

[HULL. 10..

Date.

1889. 

Oct. 25 

25 

25 

25 

24 

25 

24 

25 

25 

23 

25 

24 

25 

26 

25 

26 

24 

25 

26 

24 

25 

26 

28 

24 

25 

26 

28 

25 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

24 

25 

27 

28 

24 

25 

26 

27 

24 

25 

' 27 

28 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

24 

25

Star 

number.

1261 1274 

1287 1313 

1320 1326 

1359 1372 

1424 1438

1448 1475 

1450 1464 

1500 1502 

1535 1539

1558 1559

1579 1598

1608 1619

1645 1658

1683 1702 

1687 1694

1692 1702 

1703 1707 

1718 1727

1744 1752

1762 1782

1792 180.1

1800 1814 

1824 1836

1833 1853 

1850 1867

«i

45 43 37. 06 

38 56 10.80 

23 09 30.21 

50 41 25. 44 

28 25 52.43 

52.53 

J4 03 50. 17 

56 17 41. 38 

19 39 49. 86 

29 52 33.11 

33.22 

39 47 29. 46 

29.61 

29.78 

49 27 19. 90 

20.12 

52 37 17. 30 

17.51 

17. 76 . 

57 56 37. 02 

37.26 

37.55 

51 00 43. 15 

18 30 33. 50 

33.58 

. 33.68 

50 54 41. 75 

49 49 41. 58 

57 55 11. 56 

11.82 

12.13 

12.43 

12.72 

38 04 15. 97 

16.15 

16. 56 

16.77 

56 10 18. 48 

18.75 

19.05 

19.35 

26 38 53. 17 

53.31 

53.60 

28 42 51. 87 

57 13 55.47 

55.74 

56. 04 

56.37 

50 58 22. 53 

20 48 33. 23 

33. 30

«.

29 45 47. 72 

36 38 28. 51 

52 28 36. 56 

25 04 41. 22 

47 23 52.41 

52.56 

41 31 31. 54 

19 24 50. 11 

56 03 27. 31 

45 38 17. 60 

17.78 

35 45 55. 71 

55.84 

56. 02 

26 15 13. 48 

13.60 

23 08 18. 54 

18.63 

18.75 

17 47 27. 35 

27.43 

» 27.51 

24 31 48. 23 

56 53 16. 55 

16.81 

17.10 

24 31 48. 23 

26 18 27. 16 

17 36 00.52 

00.60 

00.68 

00.78 

00.89 

37 21 33. 76 

33.95 

34.35 

34.57 

19 41 16. 96 

17.05 

17.15 

17.27 

48 44 -58. 91 

59.13 

59.67 

47 15 40. 92 

18 35 28. 34 

28.42 

28.51 

28.63 

24 41 58*98 

54 22 52. 73 

52.93

4(Sl+*2)

37 44 42. 39 

47 19.65 

49 03. 39 

53 03. 33 

54 52. 42 

54 52. 54 

47 40. 85 

51 15. 75 

51 38. 58 

45 25. 35 

45 25. 50 

46 42. 58 

46 42. 72 

46 42. 90 

51 16. 69 

51 16. 86 

52 47.92 

52 48. 07 

52 48. 25 

52 02. 19 

52 02. 35 

52 02. 53 

46 15. 69 

41 55.02 

41 55.20 

41 55.39 

43 14. 99 

38 04 04. 37 

37 45 36. 04 

36.21 

36.40 

36.60 

36.80 

42 54. 87 

55.05 

55.45 

55.67 

37 55 47. 72 

47.90 

48.10 

48.31 

37 41 56. 04 

56.22 

56.63 

37 59 16. 3J 

54 41. 90 

42.08 

42.27 

42.50 

50 10. 75 

35 42. 98 

43.11

i(Z,-Z2)

Micrometer.

+ 6 21.45 

+ 3 43.45 

+ 2 00. 58 

 1 56.59. 

 3 40. 02 

 3 45. 63 

+ 3 22. 51 

 0 13.48 

 0 37. 21 

+ 5 35. 40 

+ 5 39. 23 

+ 4 25. 71 

+ 4 14.77 

+ 4 20. 82 

 0 12. 79 

 0 09. 73 

 1 43. 27 

 1 46. 30 

 1 43. 76 

 0 56. 94 

 0 58. 11 

 0 60.61. 

+ 4 48. 95 

+ 9 11.34 

+ 9 12. 77 

+ 9 13. 36 

+ 7 49. 58 

 12 57. 79 

+ 5 32. 01 

+ 5 29. 10 

+ 5 27. 01 

+ 5 30. 23 

+ 5 29.87 

+ 8 13. 15 

+ 8 09. 68 

+ 8 15.37 

+ 8 11.33 

 4 39. 75 

 4 40.60 

 4 38. 09 

 4 42. 90 

+ 9 07. 76 

+ 9 04. 93 

+ 9 12.68 

 8 08. 15 

 3 32. 96 

 3 39.13 

 3 31. 99 

 3 36.51 

+ 0 53. 88 

+15 24. 12 

+15 27.98

Level.

+ 0.47 

+ 4.67 

+ 1.52 

+ 0.10 

 4.20 

+ 2.94 

+ 3.88 

+ 1.57 

+ 2.41 

+ 5.56 

+ 3.15 

 1.10 

+10. 29 

+ 3.99 

+ 2.41 

 0.79 

+ 4.09 

+ 5.09 

+ 1.36 

+ 0.16 

+ 0. 89 

+ 3.41 

+ 0.26 

+ 0.37 

 3.83 

 3.67 

+ 0.26 

0.00 

 1.10 

 0.84 

+ .1.47 

 2.10 

- 1.00 

0.00 

+ 2.89 

 5.30 

 2.10 

 1.26 

0.00 

 1.42 

 0.94 

+ 0.84 

+ 3.57 

 7.61 

 1.31 

0.00 

+ 4.67 

' 3.20 

 0.37 

+0 0. 26 

+ 3.10 

 2.83

Sorrec- 

;ion for 

refraction.

+0.10 

+0.06 

+0.03 

 0.05 

 0.06 

 0.06 

+0.06 

0.00 

 0.01 

+0.10 

+0.10 

+0.08 

+ 0.08 

+0.08 

0.00 

0 00 

 0. 03 

-0.03 

-0.03 

-0.02 

 0.02 

-0.02 

+0.09 

+0.17 

+0.17 

+ 0.17 

+0.14 

 0.22 

+0.10 

+0.10 

+0.10 

+0.10 

+0.10 

+0.14 

+0.14 

+0.14 

+ O.U 

 0.10 

 0.10 

 0.10 

 0.10 

+0.16 

+0.16 

+0.16 

 0.14 

 0.07 

-0.07 

-0.07 

 0.07 

+0.02 

+0.26 

+0.26

*

o / // 

37 51 04.41 

' 07. 83 

05.52 

06.79 

08.14 

09. 79 

07.30 

03.84 

03.77 

06.41 

07. 98 

07.27 

07.86 

07.79 

06.31 

06.34 

08.71 

06.83 

05.83 

05. 39 

05.11 

05.31 

04.99 

06.90 

04.31 

05.35 

04.97 

06.36 

07.05 

04.57 

04.98 

04.83 

05.77 

08.16 

07.76 

05.66 

05.04 

06.61 

07.20 

08.49 

04.37 

04.80 

04.88 

01.86 

06.79 

08.87 

07.55 

' 07.02 

05.55 

04.91 

10.46 

08.52
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF LATITUDE WORK.

TABLK I. Details of latitude work: Station, Spearville Continued.

15

Date.

1889. 

Oct. 27 

26 

28 

24 

25 

27 

28 

24 

25 

26 

27 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

24 

25 

26 

27 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28

Star 

number.

1850 1867 

1859 1873

1883 1888

1909 1929

1937 1957

1983 1996

2013 2018

«i

O ' "

20 48 33. 55 

29 04 16. 55 

16.88 

30 50 20.08 

20.21 

20.57 

20.76 

17 14 39. 12 

39.19 

39.26 

39.36 

40 51 16. 38 

16.58 

16.79 

17.03 

17.28 

29 02 30. 86 

30.99 

31.14 

31.31 

17 43 25. 31 

25.36 

25.44 

25.54 

25.63

«. '

O / /'

54 22 53. 38 

46 39 16.59 

17.12 

44 45 05. 05 

05.27 

05.78 

 06.05 

58 39 58. 61 

58.89 

59.20 

59.53 

34 41 23. 10 

23.26 

23.46 

23.67 

23.86 

46 33 25. 25 

25.47 

25.72 

25.99 

57 53 53. 22 

53.52 

53.82 

54.14 

54.46

i(«i+«z)

o / ;/ 

37 35 43. 46 

51 46. 57 

47.00 

47 42. 57 

42.74 

43.17 

43.40 

57 18. 87 

19.04 

19.23 

19.44 

46 19. 74 

19.92 

20.12 

20.35 

20.57 

47 58. 05 

58.23 

58.43 

58.65 

48 39. 26 

39.44 

39.63 

39. 84 

40. 04

J(Z,-Z2)

Micrometer.

+15 24.00 

 0 38. 66 

 0 38. 14 

+ 3 18.56 

+ 3 21. 94 

+ 3 18. 76 

+ 3 22. 55 

 6 14. 39 

 6 11. 03. 

 6 04. 54 

 6 11. 40 

+ 4 51.17 

-f- 4 47. 74 

+ 4 42. 33 

+ 4 49. 55 

+ 4 40. 72 

+ 3 09. 68 

+ 3 08. 18 

 + 3 09. 63 

+ 3 09. 59 

+ 2 24. 92 

+ 2 23. 95 

+ 2 30. 97 

+ 2 25. 93 

+ 2 26. 69

Level.

 5.14 

-1.31 

-2.00 

+5. 2u 

+1.21 

+2.99 

+0.58 

 0.42 

 0.26 

-8.77 

 0.42 

 2.20 

+2.68 

+3.41 

 4.09 

+ 7.19 

+0. 89 

+1. 89 

 1.10 

 5.46 

+2.36 

+3.04 

-6.77 

+1.05 

 1.05

Correction 1'or 

refraction.

+0.26 

 0.01 

 0.01 

+0.06 

+0.06 

+0.06 

+0.06 

 0.12 

 0.12 

-0.12 

 0.12 

+0.08 

+0.08 

+0.08 

+0.08 

+0.08 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05 

+0.05

*

0 / '/

37 51 02. 58 

06.59 

06.85 

' 06.39 

06. 07 ' 04. 98" 

06.64 

03.94 

07.63 

05.85 

07. 50 , 

08. 79* 

10.42 

05.94 

05.89 

08.56 

08.67 

08. 35 

07.01 

02.83 

06.59 

06.48 

03. 88 

06.87 

05.73
16 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70. 

TABLE I Continued. Details' of latitude ivork : Station, Boise City.

Date.

1889. 

Nov. 14 

14 

14 

J4 

13 

13 

14

13 

14

14 

13 

14

12 

13

14

14 

13 

14

13 

14

14 

13 

14

13 

14

13 

14

14

13 

13 

14

' 13 

14

13 

13

14

13

14

13 

14

13 

14

Star

number.

1409 1417 

1427 1431 

1470 1473 

(') 

(2) 

1581 1584

1615 1630

1647 1656 

1647 1662

1669 1681

1713. 1719 

1747 1758

1783 1798

1810 1815 

1821 1830

1834 1841

1871 1874

1885 1894 

1893 1906 

1911 1915

1948 1960

1965 1984 

1993 2005

1993 2008

2001 2005

2001 2008

*i

0. / II

61 01 24. 00 

62 35 15.13 

59 35 54. 93 

63 00 55.86 

57 51 18. 43 

66 37 08. 03 

08.14

67 30 43. 80 

43.96

43 27 69. 00 

43 27 59. 92 

60.00

28 45 10. 96 

11.03

11.07

26 30 01. 77 

36 10 34. 41 

34.51

27 40 21.85 

21.92

40 05 17. 82 

23 40 07. 73

A7 70

60 31 19.03 

19.25

20 09 13. 25 

13.29

20 26 58. 45 

42 21 36. 59 

42 53 14.89 

15.07

67 29 12. 35 

12.65

19 32 00. 28 

23 02 15. 29 

15.37

23 02 15. 29 

15.37

23 0.3 31.41 

31.49

23 03 31.41 

31.49

«.

0 I II

26 18 10. 98 

24 48 32. 91 

27 46 40. 46 

24 01 18.08 

29 38 50. 3 

20 32 28. 87 

28.85

19 57 23. 70

91 fift

43 39 21. 00 

43 43 36. 16

Oft Oft

58 21 13. 65

10 QA

13 99

60 42 12. 20 

51 24 42. 65 

42.81

59 43 15. 85 

. 16. 06

47 40 60. 05 

63 38 58. 37

KQ ftO

26 36 46. 92

46 99

67 11 36. 15 

36.44

67 14 14. 50 

44 57 09. 67 

44 50 20. 12

on 01

19 43 59. 69 

59.75

68 08 41. 42 

64 22 12. 56 

12.86

64 34 27. 72 

9a nn

64 22 12. 56 

12.86

64 34 27. 72 

28.00

4 (<*i+4)

0 1 II

43 39 47. 49 

41 54. 02 

41 17. 70 

31 06. 97 

45 ,04. 37 

34 48. 45 

48.50

44 03. 75 

03.82

38 40. 50 

35 48. 04 

48.13

33 12.30 

12.43

10 tV>

36 06. 98 

47 38. 53 

38.66

41 48. 85 

48.99

53 08. 93 

39 33. 05 

QO on

34 02. 98

03 19

40 24. 70 

24.87

50 36. 48 

39 23. 13 

51 47. 50

d.7 fiQ

36 36. 02

qc Oft

50 20.85 

42 13.92 

14.11

48 21. 50

91 fiS

42 51. 98 

52.17

48 59. 57 

59.75

J(Z,_S

Micrometer.

 3 46. 12 

 5 53. 84 

 5 16. 39 

+ 4 49. 15 

 9 06. 39 

+ 1 09.33 

+ 1 07. 07

 8 06. 50 

 8 04. 60

 2 45. 42 

+ 0 07. 75 

+ 0 05. 69

+ 2 44. 61

+ 0 AC. 7R

+ 2 44. 33

 0 10. 94 

-11 38. 97 

11 42. 24

 5 52. 67 

5 53. 56

 17 11. 22 

 3 39. 09

+ 1 54. 89

 4 29. 10

A OQ O7

 14 32. 71 

 3 26. 74 

 15 48. 09

1 K K1 Q1

 0 35. 96

 14 19. 27 

 6 18. 18 

6 15. 64

 12 26. 55 

12 25. 30

 6 57. 32 

6 55, 15

 13 OE. 69 

 13 04.80

!«)

Level.

 2.94 

-4.41 

-3.78 

-0.84 

 1.26 

 1.05 

+2.89

+1.36 

+0.31

+441 

+0.32 

+6.82

+0.10 

, o 73

+2.10

+2.05 

+0.79 

+2.10

+0.89

ft Rf?

+2.00 

+3.78

 0.10 

+0.10

+0.79 

+1.42

-4.36 

+4.36 

+1.42 

+1.36

 3.15 

0.05

 2.05 

+3.10 

+1.42

+3.10 

+ 1.78

+3.57 

+2.62

+3.57 

+2.99

Correction for

refraction.

 0.07 

-0.11 

 0.12 

+0.10 

-0.16 

+0.02 

+0.02

 0.16 

0 16

 0.04 

0.00 

0.00

+0.04 

+0.04

*+0 04

 0.00 

 0.20 

0.20

 0.10 

 0.10

 0.33 

-0.07 

 0.07

+0.03 

+0.03

 0.09 

0.09

-0.29 

-0.06 

 0.27 

0.27

 0.01 

0.01

 0.29 

-0.12 

0.12

 0.24 

0.24

 0.13 

-0.13

 0.25 

 0.25

<*>

0 1 a

43 35 58. 36 

55.66 

57.49 

55.38 

56.56 

56.75 

58.48

58.45

en 07

59.45 

56.11 

60.64

57.05

59.00

58. 09 

60.15

CO qO

56.97 

54.76

59.38 

57. 67

C7 oo

57.80

56.30

17 93

59.12 

60.69 

60.08 

56.97

56.90

K7 rjA

59.24 

58.72 

59 77

57.81 

57.92

58.10 

59. 51

57.20 

57.69

1 30 Cephei. n Pegasi. 8 i Cephei. -n Pegasi.
WOODWAKD.] DETAILS OF LATITUDE WORK.

TABLE I Continued. Details of latitude work: Station, Cisco.

11

1889. 

Dec. 4 

5

4 

5

3 

4

5

4 

5

3 

3 

4

5

3 

4

5

5

3

4

4 

3

3 

4

3

4

5

3 

4

5

3 

5

3 

4

5

3 

4

2 

3

4

5

2 

3

4

5

 4 

5

4 

5

4 

5

Star

number.

1510 1519

1531 1537

1541 1544

1557 1562

1562 1568 

1571 1579

1588 1601

1609 1629 

1618 1619-

1636 1652 

1637 1640

1655 ' 1663

1693 1707

1732 1740

1765 1766

1797 1802

1831 1844

1875 1886

1897 1903

1917 1934

1917 1939

1927 1934

o / ii 

50 58 47. 63 

47.61

41 14 38, 65 

38.62

24 01 17. 65 

17. 60

17. 55

44 09 69.74 

59.74

20 10 46.38 

15 38 25.18 

25.12

25.07

45 47 44. 13 

44.10

44.10

44 34 03. 26 

41 28 40. 43 

40.44

31 46 54. 97 

22 47 56. 25 

56.18

16 12 59. 29 

59. 25

38 40 15. 53 

15.54

15.56

45 27 42. 94 

42.99

43.04

49 22 43. 87 

44.02

34 47 44. 11 

44.14

44.17

27 06 42. 16 

42.15

35 02 17. 50 

17.60

17.60

17.70

36 4829.42- 

29.46

29.53

29.58

16 30 34. 51 

34.49

16 30 34. 51 

34.49

16 23 07. 10 

07.08

82

o / a 

13 58 13. 89 

13. 82

22 59 15. 15 

15.10

41 22 22. 90 

22.87

22.85

20 10 46.32 

46.27

44 47 12. 99 

<I9 27 23.54 

23. 53

23. 54

19 02 01. 50 

01.43

01.39

20 13 35.50 

23 08 19.30 

19.30

32 53 23.92 

42 18 30. 17 

30.18

48. 54 19.53 

19.58

26 18 29. 22 

29.19

29.19

19 35 42. 14 

42.09

42.08

15 24 56. 62 

56.54

30 15 35. 10 

35.20

35.20

37 54 13. 60 

13.60

29 30 23. 38 

23.38

23.41

23.44

28 09 48. 44 

48.45

48.46

48.48

48 09 44. 26 

44.38

48 04 19..40 

19. 30

48 C9 44. 26 

44. 38

i(8i+S2)

o / // 

32 28 30. 76 

30.71

06 56. 90 

56.86

41 50.27 

50.23

50.20

10 23. 03 

23. 00

28 59. 68 

32 54. 30 

54.32

54.30

24 52. 81 

52. 76

52.74

23 49. 38 

18 29.87 

29.87

20 09.45 

33 13.21 

13.18

33 39. 41 

39.41

29 22. 38 

22.37

' 22. 38

31 42. 24 

42.54

42.56

23 50. 25 

50.28

31 39.60 

39.67

39. 69

30 27. 88 

27.87

16 20. 44 

20.49

20.51

20. 57

29 08. 93 

08.96

09.00

09.03

20 09. 39 

09.44

17 26. 95 

26.90

16 25. 68 

25.73

*<z,-.

Micrometer.

 5 03. 56 

 5 02. 35

+"l6 30.58 

+16 36. 18

-18 19. 54 

 18 22.33

 18 15.72

+13 05.49 

+ 13 07.07

- 5 31. 57 

 9 24. 99 

- 9 24. ! 9

- 9 25. 95

 1 25.56 

 1 21.03

 1 28. 38

 0 20. 30 

+ 5 03. 40 

+ 4 57. 30

+ 3 20. 21 

 9 44. 20 

 9 32. 69

 10 04. 58 

 10 08. 13

 5 52. 47 

 5 56. 62

 5 52. 07

 8 13. 20 

 8 07.94

8 10. 25

 0 19. 53 

 0 21.11

 8 04. 35 

8 08. 55

- 8 08. 84

 6 58. 98 

 6 57.16

+ 7 19.04 

+ 7 10. 12

+ 7 10. 32

+ 7 24. 24

- 5 38. 42 

5 39. 55

5 37. 74

5 40. 28

+ 3 25. 05 

+ 3 23. 37

+ 6 07. 56 

+ 6 05. 34

+ 7 07. 29

-U 7 (U 87

K

Level.

+2.10

+2.47

+3.15 

 2.57

+2.89

+1.47

-2.73

+3.62 

+0.47

+0. 63 

+0.52 

+4.15

4-0 Qd

+1.36 

+2.00

+5.25

+ 3.15 

 1.26 

+5.25

+3. 31 

-1-1.05 

 6.77

-3.99 

-1.57

+0.31 

+ 6.40

+0.42

 0.21 

 4.67

1.00

 1.00 

+1.42

 2.62 

+1.15

+3.36

+1.84

\(\ QA

 6.56 

+1.36

+5.98

8.56

+1.68 

+0.21

+0.26

+4.09

 1.36 

0.21

 2.41 

+0.05

 1.26 

' +0. 26

Correction for

refraction.

 0.10 

 0.10

+0.28 

+0.28

 0.33 

-0.33

 0.33

+0.23 

+0.23

-0.10 

 0.17 

 0.17

_ 0 17

 0.03 

 0.03

-0.03

 O.Ot 

+0.09

+0.06 

 0.17 

-0,17

 0.19 

 0.19

-0.10 

 0. 10

 0.10

-0.14 

 0.14

 0.01 

0.01

 0.13 

0.13

0.13

 0.12 

0.12

+0.13 

+0.13

+0.13

+0.13

 0.09 

0.09

0.09

 0.10

+0.06 

+0.06

+0.11 

+0.11

+0.13 

+0.13

o / " 

32 23 29. 20 

30.73

30.91 

30.75

33.34 

29.04

31-47

32.37 

30.77

28.64 

29.72 

33.31

29.12

28.58 

33.70

29.58

32.22 

32.10 

32.52

33.03 

29.89 

33.55

30.65 

29.52

30.12 

32.05

30.63

28.99 

29.79

31.17

29.71 

30.59

32.50 

32.14

34.08

30.62 

31.53

33.07 

. 32. 10

36.94

36.38

32. 10 

29.53

31.43

32.74

33.14 

32.56

32.21 

32.40

31.84 

30.99

Bull. 70-
18 ASTRONOMICAL WORK 6F 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

TABLE I. Details of latitude work: Station, Cisco Continued.

jLcoy. 

Dec. 4

3 

4 

5

5 

5 

4 

5

2 

3

4

5

2 

3

4

5

Star

number.

*

1927 1939

1936 1939 

1950 1955

1964 1965 

1969 1976 

1976 1978

1993 2010

2010 (')

*i

16 23 07. 10 

07.08

16 52 10. 96 

40 01 14. 81 

14.88

45 35 18. 32 

10 17 36. 76 

54 36 14. 13 

14.29

23 02 16. 20 

16.19

16.20

16.20

41 48 08. 5* 

08.6

08.7 

08.9

6,

48 04 19. 4*

1Q 3

48 04 19. 6 

25 11 23. 98 

24.00

19 32 00.75 

54 36 14. 29 

10 29 50. 82 

50.78

41 48 08. 5* 

08.6

08.7

08.9

22 56 30. 8* 

30.9

30.9

31.0

i(<*i «z)

32 13 43. 25 

43.19

28 15.28 

36 19.40 

19 44

33 39. 53 

26 55. 53 

33 02.48 

02.53

25 12. 35 

12.40

12. 45

12.55

22 19. 65 

19.75

19.80

19.95

4(Z| +

Micrometer.

+ 9 49. 81

+ O A.R QQ

 4 47. 34 

-12 52.38 

12 48. 74

 10 06. 92 

 3 26.34 

 9 28. 38 

 9 32, 49

 1 38. 55 

 1 42. 87

 1 41. 25

 1 42. 10

+ 1 11.47 

+ 1 12. 00

+ 1 09. 17

+ 1 09.21

Z*)

Level.

 2.31 

+0. 52

+2.99 

+5.83 

+0.05

+0.10 

+0.84 

 3.04- 

+0.21

 3.20 

+1.73

+0.05

+0.31

0.00 

+0.63

+ 1.57

+2.57

Correction for

refraction.

+0.18 

+0.18

 0.09 

 0. 23

(\ OQ

 0.19 

 0.07 

 0.18 

 0.18

 0. 03 

 0.03

 0.03

 0.03

+0.02 

+0.02

+0.02

+0.02

*

32 23 30. 93 

30.82

30.84 

32.63

on KO

32.52 

30.10 

30.88 

30.13

30.57 

31.23

31.22

30.96

31.14 

32.40

30.5ti

31.75

1 a Arietis. 

* Declinations taker, from Berliner Jahrbuch.
WOODWABD.] DETAILS OP LATITUDE WORK. ' 19 

TABLE I Continued. Details of latitude liiork: Station, Sierra Blanca.

Date.

1890. 

May 17 

18 

18 

17 18' 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

18 

17 

18 

17 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

 18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

17 

18 

18 

17

Star 

number.

8 13

19 23 

56 66

68 79

92 102

109 112

122 132

142 152

173 175

184 186 

197 201

197 205 

207 220

226 233

240 252

257 262

272 273 

287 293

312 323

344 346

349 359

367 373

423 431

456 460

469 484

495 496

503 520 

509 524

Si

21 09 18. 50 

. 18. 62 

23 38 46. 87 

25 10 33.68 

33.87 

17 41 44. 81 

44.91 

49 04 07. 12 

07.32 

44 08 56. 39 

56.58 

24 25 04. 43 

04.57 

12 08 27. 87 

27.98 

24 55 06. 36 

06.52 

51 16 35. 72 

23 35 19.52 

19. 70 

23 15 19. 52 

49 51 50. 00 

50.23 

40 52 53.01 

53.26 

18 12 13. 23 

13.39 

32 48 48. 43 

48.65 

15 46 18. 95 

19 43 17. 25 

17.43 

44 52 47. 77 

48.05 

40 04 53. 52 

53.79 

25 26 32. 93 

33.17 

19 23 21. 61 

21.81 

15 27 52. 66 

52.86 

26 24 15. 21 

15.47 

16 01 11. 24 

11.44 

45 13 20.55 

20.87 

42 39 19. 42 

29 25 16. 57

«i

41 16 28. 28 

28.45 

38 30 53. 85 

37 01 59. 77 

59.95 

44. 42 26. 38 

26.57 

13 00 58.45 

58.56 

18 00 09. 73 

09.86 

38 00 38. 45 

38.63 

50 15 45. 28 

45.52 

37 44 49. 11 

49.33 

11 18 16. 87 

39 03 20. 43 

20.66 

39 05 39. 56 

12 42 30. 80 

30.93 

21 29 31.74 

31.91 

44 22 43. 47 , 43. 72 ' 

29 37 11.64 

11.85 

46 35 40. 39 

42 17 35. 02 

35.29 

17 25 47. 20 

47.38 

22 28 51. 13 

51.34 

36 52 43. 19 

43.46 

42 34 50. 95 

51.24 

47 09 35.42 

35.73 

35 59 52. 01 

52. 29 

16 20 27. 89 

28.20 

16 56 57. 48 

57.68 

19 24 37. 74 

32 35 19. 54

4(Si + Ss)

31 12 53. 39 

12 53. 54 

04 50. 36 

06 16.72 

06 16. 91 

12 05. 60 

12 05.74 

02 32. 78 

02 32. 94 

04 33. 06 

04 33. 22 

12 51. 44 

12 51. 65 

12 06. 58 

12 06. 75 

19 57. 74 

19 57.92 

17 26. 30 

09 19. 98 

09 20. 18 

10 29. 54 

17 )0.40 

17 10. 58 

11 12. 38 

11 12.58 

17 28.35 

17 28. 56 

13 00. Ot 

13 00. 25 

10 59.67 

26.14 

26.36 

09 17. 48 

09 17.76 

16 52. 32 

16 52. 56 

09 38. 06 

09 38. 32 

30 59 06. 28 

30 59 06. 52 

31 18 44. 04 

18.44.30 

12 03.61 

12 03. 88 

10 49. 56 

10 49. 82 

05 09. 02 

05 09.28 

01 58. 58 

18.06

J(Z,-Z2 )

Micrometer.

 2 26. 41 

 2 26. 01 

+ 5 37. 98 

+ 4 09. 00 

+ 4 10. 73 

 1 37. 30 

 1 33.46 

+ 7.53.38 

+ 7 54. 63 

+ 5 53. 84 

+ 5 54. 37 

 2 26. 09 

 2 26. 09 

 1 42. 58 

 1 40. 81 

 9 32. 37 

 . 9 30. 71 

 6 58. 53 

+ 1 08.89 

+ 1 08. 20 

 0 01.41 

 6 40. 74 

 6 46. 34 

 0 45. 88 

 0 45. 76 

 6 59. 95 

 6 57. 16 

 2 31.61 

 2 31.58 

 0 35. 11 

+10 01.26 

+10 01.34 

+ 1 08.44 

+ 1 11.07 

 6 25. 36 

 6 25. 80 

+ 0 50. 93 

+ 0 50. 28 

+11 19. 15 

+11 18.42 

 8 17. 79 

 8 21. 42 

 1 38.23 

 1 36.29 

 0 23. 20 

 0 24.29 

+ 5 16. 11 

+ 5 19. 50 

+ 8 28. 60 

+10 10.95

Level.

+0.58 

+0.42 

 1.37 

 0.37 

+1.42 

+0.84 

 4.41 

 1.00 

-0.16 

+247 

 2.10 

0.00 

 0.74 

+3.10 

 0.53 

+1.68 

+1.68 

 2.68 

+0.58 

+1.00 

+0.58 

 0.16 

+4.78 

0.00 

+0.11 

+2.52 

+0.37 

+0.32 

 2.42 

+3.26 

 0.42 

+ 0.32 

+0. 32 

 0.95 

+1.00 

 1.05 

+0.53 

+ 0.11 

+ 1.05 

+2.57 

-t-3.99 

+2.31 

+3.99 

 0.42 

+0.48 

+2.36 

+2.99 

 1.58 

-0.89 

 0.16

Correction for 

refraction.

 0.05 

 0.05 

+0.14 

+0.08 

+0.09 

 0.03 

 0.03 

+0.18 

+0.18 

+0.13 

+0.13 

 0.05 

 0.05 

 0.03 

 0.03 

 0.21 

 0.21 

 0.15 

+0.02 

+0.02 

0.00 

 0.13 

 0.14 

 0.02 

 0.02 

 0.18 

 0.15 

 0.07 

 0.05 

 0.01 

+0.23 

+0.23 

+0. 02 

+0.02 

 0.14 

 0.14 

+0.02 

+0.02 

+0.26 

+0.26 

 0.18 

 0.19 

-0.03 

 0.03 

 0. 01 

 0.01 

+0.12 

+0.11 

+0.19 

+0.23

4>

o / // 

31 10 27.51 

27.90 

27.23 

25.43 

29.15 

29.11 

27.84 

25.34 

27.59 

29.50 

25.62 

25.30 

24.77 

27.07 

25.38 

26.84 

28. 68 

24:94 

29.47 

29.40 

28.71 

29.37 

28.88 

26.48 

27.15 

30.74 

31.62 

28.68 

26. 20 

28.02 

27.21 

28.25 

26.26 

27.90 

27.82 

' 25.69 

29.61 

29.29 

26.74 

27.77 

30.06 

25.00 

29.34 

27.14 

26.83 

27.88 

28.24 

27.52 

26.48 

29.08
20 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70-

TABLE II. Results for latitude. Station, Spearville, Kansas.

Star numbers and 

class. ..

1261A 1274A 

1287A 1313A 

1320A 1326C 

1359A 1372A 

1424A 14380 

1448B 14750 

1450B 1464C 

1500A 1502B 

1535B 1539B 

1558B 1559C 

1579A 1598A 

1608A 1619A 

1645B 1658A 

1683B 1702A 

1687AA 1694A 

1692B 1702A 

17030 1707A 

1718A 1727B 

1744A 1752A 

1762C 1782A 

17920 1801B 

1800AA 1814A 

1824A 1836A 

1833B 1853B 

18500 1867A 

1859B 1873B 

1883B 1888B 

1909A 1929C 

1937B 1957A 

1983A 19960 

2013A 2018C

Individual results.

Oct. 24.

0 ' II

37 51

08.14 

07.30

06.41 

07.27

08.71 

05.39

06.90

07.05 

08.16 

06.61 

04.80

08.87

30.46

06.39 

03.94 

08.79 

08.67 

06. 59

Oct. 25.

04.41 

07.83

05.52

06.79

09.79

03 fld.

03.77

07.98 

07. 86 

06.31 

06.83 

05.11

04.31

OC. 36

04.57 

07.76 

07. 20 

04.88

07.55

08.52

06.07 

07.63 

10.42 

08.35 

06.48

Oct. 26.

"

07.79 

06.34 

05.83 

05.31

05.35.

04.98

08.49

07.02

06.59

05.85 

05.94 

07.01 

03.88

Oct. 27.

»

04.83 

05.66 

04.37 

01.86

05.55

02.68

04.98 

07. 50 

05.89 

02.83 

06.87

Oct. 28.

»

04.99

04.97

05.77 

05.04

06.79

04.91

06.85 

06.64

08.56

05.73

Mean.

04.41 

07.83 

05.52 

06.79 

08.96 

07.30 

03.84

03.77 

07.19 

07.64 

06.32 

07.12 

05.27 

04.99 

05.52 

04.97 

06.36 

05.44 

06.65 

06.67 

03.85 

06.79 

07.25 

04.91 

07.19 

06.72 

06.02 

06.23 

07.92 

06.72 

05.91

Weight.

0.9 

0.9 

0.8 

0.9 

1.3 

0.8 

0.8 

0.9 

1.5 

s 1.5 

1.7 

2.4 

2.2 

0.9 

2.6 

0.9 

0.8 

3.1 

3.0 

1.9 

1.5 

1.0 

3.0 

0.9 

1.6 

1.5 

2.5 

J.9 

3.1 

1.9 

2.1

Weighted mean, 37° 51' O6 .34 ± O",14.
WOODWARD.] .DETAILS OF LATITUDE WORK. 21

TABLE II Continued. Results for latitude: Station, Boist City, Idaho.

Star numbers and class.

1409A 1417C 

. 1427B 1431A 

J470B 1473 A 

30 Cephei AA /i Pegasi AA 

dCepheiAA TJ Pegasi A A 

1581A 1584C 

1615A 1630A 

1647C 1656B 

1647C 1662A 

1669A '1681B 

1713A 1719B 

1747A 1758B 

1783B 1798B 

1810B 1815A 

1821A 1830A 

1834A 1841A 

1871 B 1874B 

1885B 1894B 

1893C 1906A 

1911B 1915B 

1948A 1960B 

' 1965B 1984A 

1993A 2005A 

1993A 2008B 

200] A 2005 A 

2001A 2008B

Individual results.

Nov. 12.

O / II

43 35

. 57.05

Nov. 13.

»

56.56 

56.75 

58.45

56.11 

57.46

60.15 

56.97

57.67 

57.80 

56.30

60.69 

60.68 

56.90

58.72 

57.81 

58.10 

57.20

Nov. 14.

58.36 

55.66 

57.49 

55.38

58.48 

59.37 

59.45 

. 60. 64 

59.00 

58.09 

58.32 

54.76 

59.38 

57.88 

56.41 

57.23 

59.12

56.97 

57.74 

59.24 

59.77 

57.92 

59.51 

57.69

Mean.

58.36 

55.66 

57.49 

55.38 

56.56 

57.62 

58.91 

59.45 

58.47 

57.84 

58.09 

59.24 

55.87 

59.38 

57.77 

57.10 

56.77 

59.12 

60.69 

58.83 

57.32 

59.24 

59.25 

57.86 

58.80 

57.45

Weight.

0.8 

0.9 

. 0.9 

1.0 

1.0 

1.3 

1.7 

0.8 

1.3 

2.2 

0.9 

1.6 

1.5 

. 0.9 

1.7 

1.7 

1.5 

C. 9 

0.8 

1.5 

1.6 

0.9 

1.7 

1.6 

1.7 

1.6

Weighted mean, 43° 35' 57"'.98±O".16.
22 ASTEONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

TABLE II Continued. Results for latitude: Station, Cisco, Texas.

Star numbers 

and class.

1510B 1519C 

1531A 15Z1A. 

1541A 15440 

1557B 1562A 

1562A 1568C 

15710 1579A 

1588B 16010 

16090 1629B 

1618A 1619A 

1636A 1652A 

1637A 1640B 

1655A 1663C 

1693C 1707A 

1732A 1740AA 

1765B 1766A 

 1797A 1802A 

1831A J 844 A A 

1875AA 1886A 

18970 1903A 

1917B 1934B 

1917B 1939AA 

1927A 1934B 

1927A 1939AA 

1936B 1939AA 

1950A 19550 

19640 1965B 

19690 1976 0 

1976C 1978A 

1993A 2010AA . 

2010AA (!)

Individual results.

Dec. 2.

o / // 

32 23

33.07 

32.10

30.57 

31.14

Dec. 3.

;/

33.34

28.64 

29.72 

28.58

32.10

29.89

30.65 

30.12 

28.99 

29.71

32.50 

30.62 

32.10 

29.53

30.84

31.23 

32.40

Dec. 4.

29.20 

30.91 

29. 04 c 

32.37

33.21 

33.70

32.52 

33.03

29.52 

32. 05 

29.79

32. H 

31.53 

36.94 

31.43 

33.14 

32.21 

31.84 

30.93

32.63

30.88 

31.22 

30.56

Dec. 5.

30.73 

30.75 

3.'. 47 

30.77

29.12 

29.58 

32.22

33.55

30.63 

31.17 

30.59 

34.08

36.38 

32.74 

32.56 

32.40 

30.99 

30.82

30. 52 

32'. 52 

30.10 

30.13 

30.96 

31.75

Mean.

29.97 

30.83 

31.28 

31.57 

28.64 

30.68 

30.62 

32.22 

32.31 

33.03 

31.72 

3J.08 

30.93 

29.98 

30.15 

32.91 

31.15 

34.62 

31.45 

32.85 

32.30 

31.42 

30.88 

30.84 

31.58 

32.52 

30.10 

30.50 

30.99 

31.46

Weight.

1.2 

1.7 

'1.6 

1.6 

0.8 

1.6 

1.5 

0.8 

1.7 

0.9 

1.6 

1.3 

1.6 

2.6 

1.6 

2.4 

1.8 

3.2 

1.9 

1.5 

1.7 

1.6 

1.8 

0.9 

1.3 

0.8 

0.7 

1.3 

3.2 

3.5

1 a Arietis AA. 

Weighted mean, 32° 23' 31".45±0".15.
WOODWAED.] LONGITUDES. 23 

TABLE II Continued. Results for latitude: Station, Sierra Blanca, Texas.

Star numbers and 

class.

8A ^ ISA 

19A 23C 

56A 66B

68A 79B

92B 102A

109C 112A

122B 132A

142B 152B

173B 175 A 

184C 186B 

197A 201 C 

197A 205C 

207 A A 220B

226C 233C

2400 252A

257A 262B 

272C 273A 

287A 293A

312A 323B

344A 34GB

349B 359C

367B 373B

423A 431B

456A 460A

469A. 484A

495A 496B 

503B 520AA 

509A 524 A

Individual results.

May 17.

o / '/

31 10 27.51

25.43

29.11

2S..34

29.50 .

25.30

27.07

26.84

29.47 

28.71 

29.37

26.48

30.74

28.68

, 27.21

26.26

27.82

29.61

26.74

30.06

29.34

26.83

28.24

29.08

May 13.

27. 90 

27.23 

29.15

27.84

27.59

25.62

24.77

25.38

28.68 

24.94 

29.40

28.88

27.15

31.62

26. 20 

28.02 

28.25

27.90

25.69

29.29

27.77

25.00

27.14

27.88

27.52 

26.48

Mean.

n

27.70 

27.23 

27.29

28.47

26.46

27.56

25.04

26.22

27.76 

24.94 

29.44 

28.71 

29.12

26. J'2

31.18

27.44 

28.02 

27.73

27.08

26.75

29.45

27.26

27.53

28.24

27.36

27.88 

26.48 

29.08

Weight.

1.7 

0.8 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.3

1.6

1.5 .

1.6 

0.8 

1.3 

0.9

1.7

1.0

1.3

1.6 

0.8

l- 7.

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6 

0.9 

0.9

Weighted mean, 31° 1O' 27".64±O".I6.

LONGITUDES.

(5) The methods of observation and computation adopted in the 

time work were substantially the same as those followed by Prof. 

Pritchett and myself in 1884-'85, and described at length in Bulletin 

No. 49 of U. S. Geological Survey. In the work of 1889->90, however, 

equal weights were given to the mean transits of the stars. Nearly all 

of the stars observed fell in declination between 20° and +65°; so 

that the theoretical inequality in weights would be slight, while experience seems to justify the conclusion that in a well arranged time 

determination the application of weights is an illusory refinement.

ID 1889 Prof. Pritchett observed, in general, transits on five lines of 

the diaphragm. In 1890 he observed, in general, on seven lines. At all
24 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

the field stations and in the personal equation work at St. Louis, the 

writer observed, as a rule, on five lines. Departures from this rule 

occurred only when transits were broken by clouds or rendered uncertain by atmospheric unsteadiness. It would appear that, under 

ordinarily favorable conditions, the advantages of the use of a greater 

number of lines than five are inappreciable.

The details of the time work are given in Table III following. The first 

column in these tables gives the name of the star observed; the second, 

the position of the clamp; the third, the azimuth factor; the fourth, the 

collimation factor ; the fifth gives the observed time t of transit of the 

star, corrected for inclination of. horizontal axis .and for daily aberration; and the last column gives the residuals v resulting from the substitution of the derived clock correction, azimuth, and collimation in 

the observation equations.

The right ascensions used were taken either directly from the Berliner Jahrbuch or reduced to the Jahrbuch system.

Along with each of the Tables III are given the normal equation 

for the clock correction, the resulting clock correction with the corresponding epoch, and the adopted azimuths and collimation.

A preliminary computation of the results from Prof. Pritchett's observations in 1889 was made by him during the course of the work. This 

computation was revised and checked during the winter of 1S89-'90 by 

Mr. S. S. Gannett. The observations made by Prof. Prichett for the 

determination of Sierra Blanca, Texas, were completely reduced by 

him, all computations and readings of chronograph sheets being carefully checked. The results from my time observations were computed 

during the progress of the work and subsequently revised also by me.

(6) Personal equation icork. In the work of 1889, observations for 

personal equation were made at the observatory at St. Louis on two 

nights after the observations at the field stations were completed. The 

transits were set up on piers 4.2 feet apart and the difference in longitude of these observed, each observer using his own transit, transit 

key, chronograph, and electric apparatus, precisely as in the longitude 

work. For the longitude of Sierra Blanca in 1890, the same method of 

determining personal equation was adopted; and observations were 

made on three nights before and on four nights after the work at Sierra 

Blanca. The details of the time work for personal equation are given 

along with the other time work at St. Louis.
WOODWAKD.J DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABLE III. Details of time^ivork. 

[Spearville, Kansas, October 27,1889. Before signals. Observer, Woodward.

25

Name of star.

i Cygni. ..........................

Clamp.

. W.

w.

E.-

E.

A

i 

+0. 7788

+0. 1618

+0. 5474

 0. 8791

+0. 9470

 1. 5654

 0. 0471

+0. 4833

+0. 8494

 0. 2885

G

+1. 022

1.152

1.004

2.139

+1. 086

 2. 935

1.308

. 1.013

1.044

 1. 518

t

h. m. s. 

21 03 23.32

08 42.66

10 -21.81

17 32.44

19 59.64

29 35.66

33 14.03

38 54. 19

,£0 At AQ

V

s. 

+.02

. +.02

.04

.05

+.11

 .05

.14

+.01

+.11

+ AK

Normal equation, 10A« + 1.5559a» 0.5683ae 1.413c+328'.98=0

Chronometer fast 39'.23 at 21M1.

[Spearville, Kansas, October 27. After signals. Observer, "Woodward. J

t Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

 0. 3181

+0. 6231

+0. 4707

+0. 1642

 1. 1290

0. 0908

+0. 4077

. 2. 2914

+0. 2762

+0. 6046

0

 1.547

1.000

1.016

1.150

 2.422

+1.340

1.033

3. 8i:{

1.087

+1. 000

t

h. m. s.

29 40.75

36 06.95

38 18.73

47 38.75

C7 OK QQ

59 28.83

15 32.08

21 16.98

V

s.

-i. 9fl

+ ' ' 14.

-L 19

.29

 .20

+.04

 .02

.04

.03

+.06

Normal equation, lOAt-1.0937a,<, 0.1891a« + 1.138c+474«.58=0

Adopteda«,= + 64".29 a«=+64'.29 c = + 0'.24

Chronometer fast 39'.24 at 22h .87.
26 ASTEONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70,

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[Spearville, Kansas, October 28, 1889. Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

Name of star.

/SCephei... .......................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.78

+ 0.16

+0.53

-0.88

+0.95

-1.56

-0.05

+0.50

+0.85

-0.29

0

+1.02

1 "I ^

1.00

2.14

+1.09

 2.93

.1 OA

1.01

1.04

 1.52

«

h. m. s. 21 04 13.41

10 57 13

15 36.72

27 55.73

DO OK 17

41 Qt\ fiO

43 23.05

V

8.

+.05

.00 

ft*>

no

+.04

+ ns

+.04 

 .02

04

Normal equation, 10At+l. 5iaw 0. 55oe 1. 40e+4'. 51=0

Adopted au,=+0'. 55 a^+0'. 55 c=+0". 135

Chronometer fast 39'. 49 at 21b . 41.

[Spearville, Kansas, October 28,1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

0.31

+0. 62

+0.47

+0.16

 1.13

+0.85

 0.09

+0.41

-2, 29

+0.28

0

1.55

1.00

1.02

1.15

+1.04

1.34

1.03

3.81

+-1.09

t

h. m. s.

99 97 9£ 1^

30 20.40

36 36.97

38 29.61

4fi 97 QA

49 26.45

57 30.73

59 55.21

23 04 06.87

15 50.12

t>

s. 

-.10

.00

+ no

 .01

+.09

no

+.06

00

-.07

j- n<*

Normal equation, 10A« 0.84ate 0.19ae +1.17c+6'. 29= 0 

Adopted aw =+0'. 74 a<! -+0<- 74 c=+OM2 

Chronometer fast 39'. 57 at 22b . 81.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

4 TABLE III. Details of time tvork Continued.

[Spearville, Kansas, November 2,1889. Before signals. Observer, Woodward.]

27

Name 'of star.

ir»Cygni.. .................. ..;....

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.70

1 ^fi

+0. 50

0.29

+0.24

+0.54

1.79

+0.73

+0.64

-0.31

0

+1.01

2.93

1.01

1.52

+1.11

 1.00

Q OA

1.01

1.00

1.55

t

h. m. s,

91 9fi 9°. 9Q

OQ AO f\f.

OQ OC »M

43 26.07

AQ A/3 fift

22 05 17.18

no 01 77

11 38. 93

16 36.18

27 27.97

V

s. 

 .01

09

+.07

.00

+ AO

 .01

+ 18

 .07

+.01

 .11

Normal equation, 10A(-0.60a-0. lSc+1191 . 29=0

Adopted aw =+4'.30 a<! =+4'.30 c=-0'.04

Chronometer fast 41". 67 at 21*. 93

[Spearville, Kansas, November 2, 1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

79 "Pftfrnfli

Clamp.

E.

, E.

W.

«»

W.

A

0.09

+0.41

 2.29

+0.58

1 -fl °R

0.85

+0.44

+0.14

2.81

0

1 31

]

AQ

3.81

1.00

+1.09

2

1 1

i no

1.16

+4.45

t

h. m. s.

CQ KG 7O

23 05 17.37

12 05.98

ic ri on

20 43.01

24 14.42

90 in 17

OK AR QQ

V

S.

 .08

.01

+.01

+.06

+.01

+ AQ

.02

.01

Normal equation, 9A<-4.19a+2. 65c+123». 24=0

Adopted aw=+4:'. 38 ac=+48 .38 c=i-0". 05

Chronometer fast 41'. 64 at 23h . 26.
28 ASTRONOMICAL WOKK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time viorlc Continued. 

[Bois6 City, Idaho, November 15, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Woodward.]

[BULL. 70.

Name of star. Clamp.

w. .

W.

E.

E.

A.

+0.70

+0.62

 0.45

 0.23

 0.16

+0.70

+0.56

+0.38

 0.91

0

+1.00

1.01

1.87

+1.61

 1.55

1.00

1.02

1.09

 2.42

t .

h. m. s. 

22 00 41.48

05 12. 68

07 39.09

19 50.15

27 22.36

30 16.34

36 32.99

41 48.94

46 25.20

V

8.

+.04

 .06

+.10

 .11

+.06

+.10

 .02

 .07

 .08

Normal equation, 9A«+1.21o 1.59c+58'. 30=0

Adopted aw=+Z>. 43 ae=+2'.43 c=+0'.22

Chronometer fast 36". 77 at 22h. 40.

[Bois6 City, Idaho, November 15, 1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

12 Ceti...... .......................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+ 0.61

-0.49

+0.50

+0.81

+0.75

-0. 28

+0.27

 1. 90?

+0.37

0

 1.01

1.92

1.03

1.01

+1. 00

1.67

1.16

3.71

+1.09

t

h. m. s. 

23 54 14.45

0 03 56.86

08 09.26

14 23.66

24 59. 60

31 27.59

34 02.05

39 05.43

49 (IT 43

t)

S. 

+.06

-L. ftd

 .03

+.01

+.09

+.05

 .01

 .14

 .06

Normal equation, 9AJ+0.64a+3.66c+57". 72=0 

Adopted aw=+2". 37 ae=+2». 37 c=+0". 22

Chronometer fast 36«. 68 at Ob. 35.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 29

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

[Boise City, Idaho, November 23, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star. 0 Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0. 62

+0.80

. +0. 71

0.23

 0.46

+0.11

+0.56

+0.28

+0.38

0.91

-1.97

C

+1. 01

1.01

1.00

1.61

+1.88

-1.28

1.02

1.15

1 00

2.42

 3.81

t

h. m. s. 

22 05 18.65

11 41.41

16 38.02

19 54.46

25 45.95

34 59.00

36 37.89

38 30.19

41 53.46

Afi Ofi 1 K

23 05 04. 69

V

s. 

,04

+.12

 .07

 .07

+.06

 .07

.04

(1Q

+.07

+.15

 .19

Normal equation, HAt+1.44aM) 1.55ae 4.26c+449'.64=0

Adopted aw =+0'.26 ac =+0'.26 cr= 0'.27

Chronometer fast 40'.98 at 22b .52.

[Boise City, Idaho, November 23,1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

iCeti..... ........................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.30

+0.50

+0.81

-0.28

+0.27

 1.90

4-rt Q7

 0.57

+0 18

G

 1.14

i n^

1.01

 1.67

+1.16

3.72

1 flQ

2.01

1.01

1 1 OO

t

h. m. s.

08 14.00

14 29.15

31 31.01

34 07.50

39 07.38

42 11.12

50 45.95

57 54.50

1 04 15 12

V

s. 

.10

 .01

_L 19

+.02

+.08

+.07

+.10

ia

10

Normal equation, 10A<+0.28a+5.36c+410".98=0

Adopted «u,=+0'.2£ ae =+0«.29 c= 0».29

Chronometer fast 40".95 atOh .57.
,-30 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[Boise City, Idaho, November 24, 1889. Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

[BULL. 70.

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 0.16

+0.70

+ 0.38

 0.91

40.31

 1.97

+0.38

 0.65

+0.53

0

+1.55

1.00

1

AQ

1.09

+2.42

 1.13

3.8J

1.09

2.11

 1.02

t

h. m. s. 

22 27 25.88

30 21.73

on qo 10

41 53.74

46 26.92

59 05.82

23 05 04.95

15 60.98

20 37.24

24 14.92

V

g. 

+.10

.02

.00

 .09

 .09

+.05

-.02

 .07

+.05

Normal eqiiation, 10A«+0.57aw 1.40ae 2.08c+407».96=0

Adopted aw =+0'.29 ae =+0'.31 c= 0'.23

Chronometer fast40».82 at22h .91.

[Boise City, Idaho, November 24, 1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.30

+0.50

+0.81

 0.28

 1.90

+ 0.37

 0.57

+0.60

0

 1.14

1 fi°.

1.01

 1.67

IP 71

1.09

2 fi1

+1.01

t

h. m. s.

O AO 91 79

no 10 01

14 28.98

31 30.80

39 07.10

50 45.78

57 54.18

V

8.

.05

+.01

+.03

+.01

 .01

+.08.

no

-.06

Normal equation, 8A« 1.50at(,+1.33a(,+2.97c+326s.96=0

Adopted aw =+0».36 ' ac =+OM6 c= 0'.25

Chronometer fast 40'.74 at O h .51.
WOODWARD] DETAILS OF TIME WOEK.

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

[Cisco, Texas, December 8, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Woodward.]

31

Name of star.

41 H. Cepbei ......................

12 Ceti ............................

ft Ceti ............................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.1763

+0.3513

 1.4729

+0. 2530

4-0.4432

 0. 8446

+0.3162

+0. 6032

 0. 5969

 0. 7132

+0. 8198

+0. 1656

O

+ 1.09

1.02'

2.58

1.05

1.01

1.92

-HI. 03

 1.00

1.67

1.78

1.05

 1.09

t

h. m. s. 

23 15 12.64

21 39.52

42 14.27

46 56.15

5:t 45.34

0 03 03.60

07 37. S3

24 33.86

29 39.69

34 03.14

38 15.87

41 31.74

V

8. .03

+.10

+ .05

+.14

.00

 .19

 .09

+.07

+.03

+.02

 .14

+.01

Normal equation, 12A« 0.7775au,+0. 2785ae +3. lie 15s. 31=0

Adopted aw = 16s. 20 ae= 16s. 31 c= 0'. 07

Chronometer slow O1.62 at 0". 08.

[Cisco, Texas, December 8, 1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

!N"aiiie of star.

ft Ar! AH a

67 Ceti ............................

f2 Ceti ............................

0 Persei. .........................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

1. 1309

+0. 8703

0.2194

+0. 1783

+0. 6383

+0.4175

2. 1162

+0.2033

 0. 4276

0

 2.21

1.07

1.07

1 34

 1.08

+1.01

1.01

3.30

1.07

+1.52

t

h. m. s. 

I 46 10.07

48 36.31

55 02.70

57 04.32

2 01 00.06

11 39.51

22 24.62

27 01.55

32 36. 98

36 33.87

V

'S. 

+ no

ft"

+.10

+ .02

.12

+.02

 .12

.06

+.17

 .02

Normal equation, lOAt 1.2847aw 0. 0778ae+l. 14c 27'. 52=0

Adopted aw = 16s. 33 ae= 16s. 33 c 0s. 11

Chronometer slow 0s. 54 at 2h . 17.
32 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III Details of time work. Continued. 

I Cisco, Texas, December 10, 1889. Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

[BULL. 70.

Name of star.

12Ceti....... ......................

/3Ceti...... ........... ............

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

, E.

A

+0.26

+0.45

 0.84

 +0. 32

+ 0.68

+0.61

0.59

0.70

+6.82

+0.17

 0.92

+0.43

0

+1.06

1.01

1.92

1.03

+1.01

 1.00

1.67

1.78

1.06

1.09

2.01

1.01

t

h. m. s. 

23 46 54.79

53 41.01

0 03 19.70

07 35.54

10 cn Qfi

24 27.11

34 17.37

41 31.89

50 05.89

57 15.73

V

s. 

+.11

 .01

.00

 .07

+.01

+.06

.05

.00

 .07

 .07

+ .10

+ .04

Norinal equation, 12&t+0.85aw 0.l8ae 3.59 c+2G3.31=0

Adopted aw= 0».40 a e ~ 0».40 c= + 0«.02

Chronometer fast 2M7 at Oh.39.

[Cisco, Texas, December 10,1889. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

67 Ceti...... .......................

f Ceti. ............................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

w.

A

.... o 47

1.12

1 A OO

+0.87

-0.21

+0.18

+0.64

+ 0.42

 2.10

+ 0.21

O

1.56

l.Ofe

2.21

1.07

+1.34

1.09

1.01

1.01

3.30

+1.08

t

h. m. s. 

1 36 47.78

39 36. 95

46 31.29

48 35.65

54 51.63

56 11.08

2 01 00. 59

11 32.23

22 20.79

27 38. 06

32 36.33

V

s.

A9

.02

+ .05

 .05

+.07

_1_ 19

+.13

+.05

in

 .07

 .11

Normal equation, HAt 0.08ae 0.86a +1.96c+26'.13=0 

Adopted ffu>=-0'.36 « = 0-.24 c 0-.07 

Chronometer fast 2J.39 at 2b .03
WOODWAHD.] DETAILS OF TIME WOEK.

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

[Cisco, Texas, December 11,1889: Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

33

Name of star.

12Ceti .............................

/SCeti .............................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

*

 0.84

+0.32

+0. 68

+0.01

 0.59

 0.70

+0.82

 +0. 17

+0.43

 0.05

\

0 X

+ 1.92

1.03

1.01

1.00

+1.07 .

 1.78

1.06

1.09

1.01

 1.22

t

h. in. s. 

0 03 20.69

07 36. 33

13 51.63

24 27.75

30 52.81

34 18.27

38 06.64

41 32.82

57 16.52

1 03 36.87

V

s.

+.07

 .04

+.06

.00

 .09

+.01

 .01

+.01

 .02

+.03

Normal equation, 10AJ+0.18»IC +0. 67ac+0. 47c+30'.55=0

Adopted aw= 0s. 24 ae= 0s. 36 c=+0s.04

Chionometer fast 3: 03 at O h . 53.

[Cisco, Texas, December 11.1889. After signals. Observer, Wood ward. 1

Name of star,

v _A.t'iotis

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

A

 1.12

+0.21

 0.41

 0.68

0

-2.21

1.07

1 SO

+1.76

t

h. m. s. 

1 46- 32.09

36 44.50

49 40 41

V

S. 

 .02

.05

+.10

 .02

.Normal equation, 4At 2. OOa 3. 04c+12". 33=0

Adopted aM= 0s. 50 ac= 0s. 50 c=+0s. 08

Chronometer fast 3s. 27 at 2h. 41.

Bull. 70-
34 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[Sierra Blanca, Texas, May 16,1890. Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

Name of star.

/3 Urs.Maj .......................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.70

 0.08

 0.80

+ 0.19

 0.05

 1. 82

' +0.28

+0.48

C

+1 04

1.22

1.83

1.42

+ 1.07

 1.20

2.92

1.51

1.04

 1.00

t

h. in. s. '

49 20.24

57 24.79

11 05 40. 19

08 25. 49

11 43.35

25 08.58

40 26.55

43 37.05

45 07.63

V

s. 

 .01

+.03

+.02

 .00

 .08

+.12

 .09

 .17

+.02

+.13

Normal equation, lOAt 1.83a 1. 09c+105s. 31=0

Adopted a=+2". 49 c=+0». 067

Chronometer fast 10s. 07 at llh .25.

[Sierra Blanca, Texas, Mfiy 16,1890. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

f Urs.Maj......................

69 H. Urs.Maj...................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+ 0.76

0.25

+0.53

+0.06

0.78

+0.34

+ 0.59

+0.87

 0. 73

 1.00

y~t

 1.04

1.34

1.00

1.13

1.81

+ 1.02

1.00

1.08

1.77

+2.03

t

h. m. s. 

12 24 19.68

28 42.95

36 14.95

46 31.67

49 24 99

56 52.34

13 04 25.01

19 43.47

24 39.32

V

«. 

+.04

 .09

-.06

+ .05

I f)A

.03

+.03

 .02

+ .11

 .11

Normal equation, 10AJ+0.39a+0.58c+99".86=0

Adopted aw=ac=+2a. 26 c=+0». 02

Chronometer fast 10». 08 at 12b . 91.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 25, 1890. Before signals. Observer, Woodward.]

35

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 C. 80

0.34

+0.19

+0. 73

+P.42

+0.47

+0.52

0.45

+0.28

 0.67

0

+ 1.83

1.42

1.07

1.03

+1.01

 1.00

1.00

1.51

1,04

 1.71

{

h. m.' s. 

10 55 30.45

11 03 46.92

08 33. 42

14 08.15

15 45.80

22 34.43

31 36.48

40 32.14

43 44. 56

48 20.57

V

«. 

^.04

+.02

 .01

 .07

+.07

+.09

 .08

 .09

.00

+ .07

Normal equation, 10A«+0. 20aw +0. 15ae+0. lOc+73". 05=0

Adopted aw=+Q». 21 ae Oa .OO ' c= 0s. 227

Chronometer fast 17s. 31 at llh . 38.

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 25, 1890. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

20 Can. Ven ........................

69 H. TJrs. Maj .....................

r Bootis ..........................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

"W.

A

+0.05

0.23

0.73

+0.52

+0.64

+0.24

 0.50

G

1.02

1.00

 1.14

1.33

 1.77

+2.03

1.00

1.01

1.05

+ 1.55

t

h. m. s. 

12 57 00.09

13 04 33.16

07 02.69

12 55.04

19 48.64

24 45.05

on OQ 07

36 08.88

42 20.80

43 31.06

V

s. 

+ .01

.04

+s.oi

.01

+.01

+ AC

.02

; .05

.02

Normal equation, 10AJ 0.10aw +0. 02ac+0. 38c+73s. 92 = 0 

Adopted «, = +0'. 23 ae= +0'. 23 c= 0'. 236 

Chronometer fast 17s. 38 at 12h . 36.
36 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

[Sierra Blanca, Texas, May 28, 1890. Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

[BULL. 7d.

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

0.80

0.34

+0.19

+0.73

+0.42

+ 0.52

0 15

t n OQ

+0.48

 0.67

C

1 CQ

1.42

1.07

1.03

 1.01

+1.00

1.51

1.04

1.00

+1.71

t

h. m. s.

11 03 47.51

08 34.52

14 09.52

15 47.04

01 DO Q-i

AC\ 00 Ql

4

r> Afi QO

45 17.36

48 22,13

V

s. 

+.01

.01

. +.04

.09

+.08

.04

.04

+.04

+.01

+ .05

1

Normal equation, 10At+0.16aw +0. 20aB 0.10c+6'. 56=0 

Adopted aw= 0s. 32 ae= °s- 39 c= 0s. 09 

Chronometer fast 18s. 64 at 1 lh . 41.

[Sierra Blanca, Texas, May 28, 1890. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

20 Can. Ven .......................

69 H. Urs. Maj .....................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.46

+0.34

+0 50

0.23

0.73

1.00

+ 0.52

+0 64

0.50

G

1.02

LOO

+ 1.77

2.03

1.00

1.01

1.05

1.55

t

h. m. s. 

12 50 23.45

13' 04 34 94

24 45 43

36 10.03

42 21 91

43 32.48

V

s.

AO

1 0°

.01

+.11

+.08

.08

.00

10

Normal equation, 10At+0.43«w 0. lOa^ 0.52c+7». 10=0

Adopted aw=0'. 00 ae=: 0». 10 " c= 0-.09

Chronometer fast 18'. 72 at 13h . 33.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 37

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Coutinued. 

[Sierra Blanca, Texas, May 29, 1890. Before signals. Observer, "Woodward.]

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

B.

E.

A

+0.73.

+0.52

 1.53

0.45

+0.28

 0.67

+0.41

+0.38

 0.83

+0.52

C

+1. 03

1.00

2.60

1.5.1

+ 1.04

-1.71

1.01

1.01

1.87

 1.00

«

h. in. s. 

11 14 10. 07

31 38.66

36 39.69

40 3415

43 46. 70

48 23.07

55 34.34

59 56. 55

12 10 19.40

14 36.93

V

s. 

.00

 .04

 .01

+.02

+.06

+.10

.00

.00

-.12

 .03

Normal equation, 10A« 0. 45aw 0.19^+0. 58c+2".82=0

Adopted aw = 0'.253 ae= 0».209 c=+0». 181

Chronometer fast 19'. 31 at IP. 79.

[Sierra Blanca, Texas, May 29,1890. After signals. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

Tt

20 Can. Ven ........................

69 H. Urs.Maj .....................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.34

+0.59

0.23

A 70

-1.00

+0. 52

+ 0.64

+0.24

 0.50

C

 1.02

1.00

1.14

1.33

' 1.77

_J_O flO

1.00

1.01

1.05

+ 1.55

t

h. tn. s. 

 12 56 62.66

13 04 35.79

07 05.04

19 ^71^

94 46 13

29 25.66

49 99 SO

V

s:

01

 .04

1 Q

+.14

+ 1Q

 .10

+.04

13

Normal equation, 10dJ-0.10aTO +0.02ft,+0.38c+4".26=0

Adopted an;=0'.00 ae = O'.OS c=+OM41

Chronometer fast 19'.43 at!3h .36
38 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

| St. Louis, Missouri, October 27, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.

[HULL. 70.

. Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0. 637

+0. 263

+0.125

 1. 750

-4-0 73Q

+0.614

+0. 634

 1.941

+ 0.180

+0. 276

0

+1. 000

1.102

1.187

3.200

+1.011

1 1.000

1.000

3.434

3.150

 1. 095

t

h. in. s. 

22 06 36. 28

08 22.44

11 35.32

14 15.52

17 29.86

26 07. 46

36 10.14

39 36.01

44 19.35

51 10. 29

V

s.

+.09

 .08

-.03

+.02

 .02

.00

+.03

 .11

+ .10

Normal equation, 10M+0.004au) 0/237^ 0.179c 99s. 30=0

Adopted «, = 1". 214 ae= 1s-102 c=+0s. 262

Clock fast 389'. 91 at 22h . 32.

[St. Louis, Missouri, October 27, 1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett. 1

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

\ ft °01

+0. 617

+0. 456

1 OQO

+0. 363

i A cqo

c

 1. 087

i o con

1.055

1. 006

t

h. m. s. 

23 21 40.24

27 45. 74

49 12.52

53 22.94

0 00 08.83

14 03.49

V

s. o*>

10

+.11

.06

+ '19

+.04

.07

Normal equation, 7A«+0.92aw +l. 364ae+2. 5640 69'. 67=0

Adopted a,w= l". 264 *<,= 1 s- 041 c=+0'. 338

Clock fast 390«. 05 at 23h . 67.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 39

TABLE III. Details of lime work Continued. 

[St. Louie, Missouri, October 28, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.64

+0.26

+0.12

1 7C

+0.74

+0.61

+0.63

 1.94

+0.18

+ 0.28

G

+1.00

1.10

1.19

3 9ft

+1.01

1.00

1.00

3.43

1.15

1.09

t

h. m. s. 

22 06 38.22

08 24.40

11 37.20

H I 7 3Q

17 31.71

36 11.99

39 37.75

44 21..r,0

51 12. 09

V

s. 

+.06

+.14

.10

.03

.07

.03

09

+.03

t 1 0

.03

Normal equation, 10A{+0. Olaro 0.24ac 0.17c 18s. 48=0

Adopted'alo= l'.22 ae= 1».04 c=+0».26

Clock fast 39K83 at 22h.32.

[St. Louis, Missouri, October 28, 1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett. 1

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

f) OK

+ 0.29

+0.62

+0.46

0.09

 1.23

+0.36

+0.54

 0.17

+ 0.42

G

3.81

1.09

1.00

1.02

1.36

+2.58

1.05

1.01

1.42

+1.03

«

A., m. s.

oq i A en 70

21 42.33

27 47.85

 >n ic on

49 14.40

11 08.69

14 05.38

V

s. 

_i_ nq

+.06

-I. (\9

+ 09

.14

+ .03

1 I Q

4-.06

.09

.17

Normal equation, lOAt 0.08aw 0. 97ae 1.19c 21'.42=0

Adopted », = 1".20 ae= l8- 16 c=+0'.30 

Clock fast 392'. 06 at 23h . 62.
40 ASTKONOMICAL WOEK OF 1889 AND 1890

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 2, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

[BULL. 70.

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.78

 1.94

+0.29

+0.28

+ 0.22

 2.25

+0.71

+ 0.29

+0.62

O

 1.02

1.00

1 OQ

+1.09

1 1 3

3.81

1.01

1.00

+1.00

t

h. .m. s. 

22 31 28.02

36 20.88

OQ AK 7O

47 53. 06

51 °1 25

23 05 06.49

11 10.18

15 1C. 60

21 51.38

27 36.87

V

s.

.13

07

.01

.12

+.10

+.09

.07

+.02

 .01

Normal equation, 10A<- 0. 13aw 0. 24ae+2. 60c 6'. 72=0

Adopted aw= 1M4 ae - 0».92 c=+0».29

Clock fast 400'. 56 at 22". 87.

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 2, 1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett. 1

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

-0.12

 1.23

+0. 36

+0.54

+ 0.75

+0. 61

+0.69

40.12

+ 0.17

 2.17

0

+1.38

2.58

1.06

 1.01

1.00

1.00

1.19

1.16

 3.71

«

h. TO. s. 

23 41 40.09

49 22. 89

53 33.25

24 00 19.37

20 28.31

26 25.03

31 04.58

37 40.09

40 06.41

45 07.62

V

s. 

 .17

+ .05

 .03

-)- 11

- .01

+.10

+ .03

 .02

 .08

+.01

Normal equation, 10AJ 0.45«ro +0.17ae 3. 04c 5". 89=0

Adopted aw= I1 .29 a0= 1". 00 c=+0'.26

Clock fast 400». 63 at 24". 18.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 41

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 15, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritcbett.J

Name of star. Clump.

E. '

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.56

1.23

+0.54

0.65

+0 06

+0.12

+0.17

2.16

+0.28

+ 0.53

+0.52

C

 1.00

2.58

1.06

1.01

1.92

 1.24

+ 1.19

1.16

3,71

.1.09

1.01

+ 1.01

t

h. m. a. 

23 34 01.32

42 25.64

46 37.64

53 23. 80

0 03 04.24

12 19. 59

30 45.76

33 11.84

38 14.13

41 15.49

42 43.27

V

s.

.+.04

.00

.00

 .11

+.06

+ .01

 .10

+.17

-.06

.04'

 02

Normal equation, 12A«-0. 90a+0. 36c + 51". 85=0

Adopted am = 1". 04 ae - 1".04 c=+0'.28

Clock slow 14s. 41 at 24h . 27.

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 15, 1889. After signals. Observer, Pritcbett.]

Name of star.

f Ceti ............................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+C. 56

+0.51

0.92

+0.29

+ 0.09

+0.51

-1.21

0

+1.00

1.01 .

+2.21

1 09

1 91

1.01

-2.55

t

h. m. s.

1 qc 97 1 n

46 17.30

02 44.79

06 54.53

19 47.32

V

S. 

+ .07

1 ^

+ .07

08

01

1 flQ

+ .01

Normal equation, 7AJ+0.15<r.w 0. 32a0 1. (its f 1QO«. 85=0

Adopted » , = -!». 37 ae=-l'.0;i c= + 0'.37

Clock slow 14s. 34 at l h . 93.
42 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890

TABLE III. Details of time worfc Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 23,1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

[BULL. 70.

Name of star'. Clamp.

W.

\V.

E.

 E.

A

+0.54

+0.20

+0.42

+ 0.06

+ 0.61

0.86

-0.42

+0.17

2.16

+0.28

+0.53

+0 01

+0.52

C

+ 1.01

1.14

1.03

1.24.

1.00

2.15

+1.68

-1.16

3.72

1.09

1.01

1 97

1.01

t

h. TO. 8.

23 53 24. 33

0 02 27.33

12 20.45

19 30.57

26 32.44

30 37.05

33 11. 32

38 11.96

41 15. 01

42 42.80

50 23.92

56 58.27

ti

S. 

+.10

.04

.06

-.02

-.07

+ .07

+ .11

.02

-.03

-.07

.02

+.03

Normal equacion, 13A«+0.55ai() 0.65ae -0.01c+184'.82^0

Adopted aw =-0'.95 ae=-lM5 c=+0'.30

Clock slow 14".23 at 24".46.

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 23,1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

f*Ceti..... ......................

SCeti. ............................

yCeti. ............................

Clamp.

E.

 E.

W.

AV.

A

+ 0.56

+0.51

+0.36

1.77

-0.07

+0.30

+0.08

+0.11

-1.21

+ 0.52

+0.63

4-0.59

C

1.00

1.01

1.06

3.21

1.34

-1.08

1.20

2.55

1.01

1.00

+1.00

t

h. TO. s.

39 19.72

47 14. 56

53 51.21

56 53.89

2 00 43.11

02 45.67

10 32.25

19 49.29

22 03. 91

33 35.75

37 21.16

V

s. 

+.04

.12

-.20

.06

+.28

+.06

+.03

-.01

-.13

+.02

+ .04

Normal eqixation, 12A« - 0: 

Adopted a!(= 1M9

w -0.73C+51M6 = 0 

aa=-lMl c=:+0'.28 

Clock slow 14M8 at 2h .08.
WOODWAKU.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 43

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, November 25, 1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett ]

Name of star.*

SCeti.. ...........................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.63

+0.59

+0.49

+0.23

 2. 85

+0.33

+0.51.

 0.71

+0.45

 1.64

+0.28

+0.55

0

+1.00

1.00

1.01

1.12

4.56

+1.07

 1.01

1.97

1.02

3.07

1.09

 1.01

t

h. m. s. 

2 33 35.57

37 21,11

38 44.85

43 16. 05

3 06 15.84

08 20.05

18 38.05

19 56.12

24 32.73

38 33.13

40 41.57

57 02.77

V

s. 

+.07

 .05

 .04

 .02

.00

+.04

+.13

+.03

 .14

 .03

 .05

+.07

Normal equation, 12A« 0. 5Saw 0. 56ae+0.59c+50'. 28 = 0 

Adopted aw = 1s. 23 ac= I'. 22 c^+0". 32 

Clock slow U«. 32 at 3". 18.

Louis, Missouri, Decembers, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

12 Ceti. .............................

Clamp. 1

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.61

+0.69

+0.12

+0.17

 2.16

+0.52

+0.08

+0.46

+0.56

+0.51

0

1.00

1.00

1.19

1.16

 3.73

+1.01

1.22

1.02

+1.01

t

h. m. s.

24 08.08

30 43.73

33 10.08

38 09.86

1 03 18.64

30 59.72

35 26.01

39 18.87

V

s.

+.05

.07

 .02

 .01

+ 1 O

 .06

+.01

+.02

.09

Normal equation,' 10A« +2.13aw 0. 57ae 2. 82c +157". 44 = 0

Adopted aw= ! . 08 ae l'.Q8 c = + G'.26

Clock slow 15". 50 at Oh . 92.
44 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 8, ^889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

y Ceti ............................

17 Tauri.... ......................

Clamp.

W.

w.

E.

E.

A

+ 0. 63

+0.59

+0.49

+0.23

 3.39

+0.01

 2.85

+0.33

+0.51

+0.50

+0.45

+0.28

+0.28

c

+1.00

1.00

1.12

5.24

+1.28

 4.56

1.07

1.01

1.01

1.02

1.10

 1.09

t

h. m. s.

37 19.98

43 1.4. 84 '

51 21.70

57 52.55

3 06 11.49

08 18.39

24 31.51

38 04.40

40 40.64

V

8. 

+.11

.00

+ 06

+ .04 .

 .09

.12

+ .07

 .04

+.10

+.10

+.02

.06

1Q

Normal equation, 13A« 1.44«w 0.50ac 0.21c + 199».26 = 0

Adopted aw= l>. 04 ae = ls.17 c = + 0'.29

Clock wlow 15».48 at 3h .08.

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 10, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

\

40 Casssiopeae ....................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

 0.86

+0.12

+0.17

+0.28

 0.74

+0.52

+0.08

+0.18

+0.42

 1.85

+0.56

+0.19

G

 2.15

1.19

1.16

1.09

2.01

 1.01

+1.22

1.15

1.03

3.32 

' 1.00

+1.14

t

h. m. s. 

0 26 29.34

30 43.64

33 09. 88

41 13.62

49 48.67

56 56.91

1 03 18.68

05 20.25

25 19. 68 

29 32.23 

35 26.02

46 32.93

V

s.

+ .04

 .07

+.09

 .06

 .03

+.04

 .05

 .01

-.04

.00 

+.12

 .02

Normal equation, 12A£ 0.42a 0.51a +H).25c+ 184'.74=0

Adopted aw= l'.OB ae= 1-.09 e= + 0».32

Clock slow 15'.49 at lh .04.
WOODWABD.J DETAILS OF TIME WOEK. 45

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 10,1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

|»Ceti. ............................

f'Ceti. ............................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.51

+0.11

+0. 52

+0.32

+0.23

+0. 42

1 n qo

c

+1.01

l.OG

1.01

+ 1.07

 1.12

1.03

1.06

1 01

t

h. in. g. 

2 00 54.07

10 30.95

11 44.54

22 02. n3

32 18.44

45 08.83

18 37.21

V

s.

+ .02

+.01

.02

+ 09

 .03

+.01

 .03

O- 09

no.

+.04

Normal equation, 10A«+1.81aw +1.84a,,+0 06c+158'.07=0

Adopted aw l'. 12 ae = I'.OO c=+0'.25

Clock slow 15».40 at 2h .64.

ISt. Louis, Missouri, December 11, 1889. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

\V.

A

9.68

+0.08

+0.18

+0.58

+0.23

1.85

+0.19

+0.34

0

 13. 23

-1.01

1.22

1.15

i.odi

 1.12

3.32

1.00

1.14

+1.07

t

h. m. s. 

0 53 44.92

56 56.78

1 03 17.76

05 19.54

29 32.07

46 32.85

48 17.74

V

s. 

 .11

+ 1 0

+ no

 .05

+.03

 .08

.00

+.02

.10

+.01

+.01

Normal equation, 12At O.l7aw 8.09ac 10.16c+180'.01=0

Adopted ow = 1-.09 a c = 1M5 c=+0'.30

Clock slow 15-.51 at lh .32.
46 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time icorlc Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 11, 1889. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.j

[BULL. 70.

Name of star.

£2 Ceti. ............................

36 H.Cass .........................

S Ceti.............................

47 H.Cephei. .......................

Clamp.

, w.

 w.

E.

E.

A

+0.11

+0.51

 1.83

+0.32

+0.63

+0.23

+0.42

 3.39

+0.35

+0.33

+0.51

O

+ 1.20

1.01

1.07

+1.00

 1.12

1.03

5.24

1.06

1.07

 1.01

t

h. m. s. 

2 in ^n Q7

22 02,41

'27 23.29

i 32 18.45

33 34. 30

43 14.00

45 08.77

51 18.31

3 05 03.77

08 18. 43

18 36.86

V

s. 

.12

+.10

03

 .13

+.17

+.10

 .19

+.01

+.07

_ 16

1 1 Q

Normal equation, 11A< 0.26aw 1. 55a0 2. 95c+170'.61=0

Adopted aw= Q°. 90 ae = 1'. 05 c=+0".29

Clock slow 15'. 60 at 2". 64.

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 18, 1889. First series. Observer, Pritchett. ]

Name of star.

43 H.Cephei.......................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.54

+0.71

0.65

+0.42

+0.06

+0.61

 0.42

+0.17

+0.28

+0.53

 0.74

-9.64

+0.58

+0.23

 0.71

+0.42

+0.46

0

 1.01

1.01

1 Q9

i m

1 94

1.00

1.68

1.16

i no

1.01

" m

+13. 18

1.00

1.12

1 QQ

1.03

+ 1.02

t

h. m. s.

58 24.81

0

0 AO OK

7 17.11

12 18.07

30 34.26

33 09 90

42 41.41

49 48.39

53 46.67

1 11 50. 87

18 22 41

25 19.36

30 59.55

V

s. 

+.01

+.02

 .04

+.01

.00

.07

+.04

-4- 04

.CO

+ .02

no

 .01

n°

 .05

+ 09

+ OQ

1 Od

Normal equation, 17at 8. 66aw +l. 51ae +5.17c 257'. 68=0

Adopted aw = +0". 89 a =+0». 82 . c= OM8

Clock slow 15«. 59 at 24h . 83.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Lquis.^Missouri, December 18, 1889. Second series. Observer, Pritchett.]

47

Name of star.

Gr. 848..........................

<Tauri.. .........................

Clamp.

 w.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.67

 2.45

 0.56

+0.36

+ 0.59

 0. 12

+ 0.32

 0.91

+0.32

 0.30

+0.03

+0.57

+0.42

 1.45

v C

+1.00

4.06

1.81

1.06

1.00

1.38

+1. 07

2.20

1.07

1.55

1.26

1.00

1.03

 2.84

t

h. m. s. 

4 30 33. 38

33 52.05

38 36.13

44 40.66

 48 15.38

53 49.37

56 15.53

5 19 32.50

30 48.12

' 38 07. 26

51 57.60

58 53.32

6 01 01.31

06 29.70

V

s.

+.01

+.21

+.05

-.03

+.05

+ .10

+.02

 .21

.00

 .01

.15

+.11

+.01

 .08

Normal equation, 14A« 1.19aw 1.32ae +0.43c-217'.21 = 0

Adopted aw =+0».93 ae =+0".84,, c- 0'.24

Clock slow 15-.68 at 5».26.

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 19, 1889. First series. .Observer, Pritchett. J

Name of star.

f'Ceti. ............................

fCeti.... .......... ..............

 yCeti.. ...........................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.42

 1.85

 1.26

+0.51

0.92

I A KO.

1.76

j o. °o

+0.51

_ 1 21

+0.52

 1.83

+0.32

+0.59

+ 0.23

+ 0.42

0

 1.03

3.32

2

f!1

1.01

2 91

1.00

3 99

1 09

1.21

+ 9 ££

1.01

3 on

1.08

1.00

1.12

+1.03

t

h. m. s. 

1 25 19.08

29 29.70

39 18.35

46 13 74

47 34.90

CO AQ 77

02 43.59

19 46.95

90 no A\

27 22.69

qo 1C QO

07 i n QA

43 14.78

45 09 19

V

8.

+.02

.14

f\x.

.00

+.07

I AO

.06

+.10

+.10

29

+ .01

.06

fl£

.02

n9

Normal equation, 17Ai 0.96a ro 3.38^ 6.620 261S .20=0

Adop-edaw =+ls.02 . ae =+0s.83 c= O'.2.1

Clock slow 15s .51 at 2h .09.
48 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

TABLE III. Details of time ^vork Continued.

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 19,1889. Second series. Observer, Pritchett.]

ifnme of star.

Gr.848. .........................

Clamp

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.28

+0.28

+0.28

 0.77

+0.46

+0.55

J-ft 79

+0.41

+0.36

+0 07

 2.45

 1.1 4

+0.59

C

+ 1.09

1.09

2.05

1.02

1.00

+1.01

 1.04

1.06

1.00

4.06

2.47

-1.00

t

h. in. s. 

3 39 04.89

40 41.08

42 21.60

47 31.70

C.A 1Q Oq

58 02.31

4 06 13.77

13 15.82

21 55.48

30 33.06

33 50.74

42 52.93

48 15.00

V

s. 

 .04

 - 09

 .05

 .01

+.04

+.05

+.03

+.01

.00

 .03

+.04

-.01

+.08

Normal equation, 13A«+ 1.80aw 1.56ac 2.28c-203'.06 = 0

Adopted aw + 0'.98 ae = + Q'.W c = OM9

Clock slow 15-.57 at 4".15.

[St. Lonis, Missouri, December 18, 1889. First series. Observer, "Woodward.]

Name of star.

43H. Cephei.. .....................

Clump

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.54

+0.71

+0.42

+0.06

+0.61

0.42

+0.17

+0.53

0.74

 9.64

+0.08

+0.23

0.71

+0.42

+0.46

+0.51

 0.92

O

+1.01

1.01

1.03

1.24

1.00

1.68

1.16

1.01

+2.01

 13. 18

1 99

1 19

1 08

1.03

1.02

1.01

o 01

t

h. m. s.

59 43.51

0 07 35.44

19 Hfi 17

19 47.17

30 51.86

33 28.05

42 59.90

50 05.52

53 51.61

1 03 35.83

13 26. 90

18 39.13

25 37. 59

31 18.04

39 37.14

46 31.24

V

s. 

+.09

.06

 .08

+ 09

+ .01

-J_ 03

n^

n^

4- fl3

+.06

OK

 .05

 .08

 .05

+.10

+ 1 ^

+ .04

Normal equation, 17A« 7.69a 11.62c + 2».63 = 0 

Adopted at|) = O1.33 ac = 0'.33 c = +0'.09 

Chronometer fast 2'.24 at O h .83.
WOODWAKU.J DETAILS OF TIME WOKK. 49

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

/St. Louis, Missouri, December 18, 1889. Second series. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

Gr. 848.... ......................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

w.

. A

+0.67

2.45

O Cfi

0.12

i n Q'"1

1 ft 7*5

0.91

+0.13

+0.32

0.30

+0.03

+0.57

0

 1.00

1 fi'>

1.05

1

OQ

1.07

+1.01

2.20

1 1 ft

1.07

I

KK

1.26

+1.00

«

h. m. s.

34 07.65

QQ CO A7

44 58.84

54 07.00

KG 00 rj(\

5 12 18.55

19 49.86

Oe qo in

30 06.68

17 9"i 97

52 15.64

59 12.20

V

s. 

.00

_i_ no

 .11

 .04

.09

.06

+.14

+.05

no

+ AQ

+.03

.00

+.07

Normal equation, 13A(+0. Waw l. 78ae 1. llc-f 29s. 83=0.

Adopted aw= 0'. 10, ae= 0". 29, c=+0'. 065.

Chronometer fast 2". 32 at 5b. 24.

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 19, 1889. First series. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

f'Ceti. ............................

^Ceti. ............................

xCeti. ...... ......................

Clanip.

W.

W.

E.

E.

^

+0.42

+0.51

0.92

1.76

+0. 29

+0.09

+0.51

1.21

+0.51

 1.83

+0.59

+0.23

+0.42

0

+ 1.03

1.01

2 91

3 22

i fin

1.21

+1.01

O KK

1.01

3.30

1.08

1.00

1.12

 1.03

t

h. in. s.

1 oc Q7 77

39 37.16

40 31.00

f\A (\A Ql

2 01 00.34

03 01.86

07 12.34

22 21.07

27 38.15

32 36.64

37 38.57

43 32.90

45 27.84

V

s. i net

+ 19

.00

.07

.01

.07

+ 03

+ OQ

.30

.01

no

.11

+.14

Bull. 70-

Normal equation, 14A«+1. 83a 0.31c+35». 25=0.

Adopted am=ae 0'. 28, c=+o«. 18.

Chronometer fast 2". 55 at 2b . 20.

-4
50 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, December 19,1889. Second series. Observer, Woodward.^

[BULL. 70.

Name of star.

Gr.848............... ...........

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0.28

+0.28

+0.28

 0.77

+0.46

+0.72

+0.41

+0.36

+0.67

 2.45

1.14

+0.59

0

 1.09

1 09

2.05

1.02

 1.01

+1.04

1.06

 i.oo

4.06

2.48

+1.00

t

h. TO. 8.

3 38 23.22

40 59.46

42 39.90

47 48.63

54 37.94

4 06 32.78

13 34.62

22 14.16

Oft RO IS

34 05.66

43 10.01

48 34.13

V

s. 

 .01

+.09

 .03

 .10

+.06

+.06

 .02

 .05

+.01

-.29

+ 09

+.01

Normal equation, 12A« 1.56aw +1.25ae+3 29c+30".30=0.

Adopted aw = 0'.47, afl= 0'.22, c=+OMO.

Chronometer fast 2«.58 at 4b .17.

[St. Louis, Missouri, April 29, 1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

Gr. 1706. ........................

X Ure-Maj ........................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0. 514

+0. 322

-l-fl V77

1 £1 K

+0. 627

0.256

0

_ A nr.rr

1.010

1.001

1.072

+1. 001

2 916

1.000

1.506

+1.036

t

h. m. e. 

10 49 40.83

CO KQ Qd.

11 00 55.54

IY7 ^9 Q*>

21 54.06

<>q OK OQ

30 56.36

on CA A'I

U 49 AQ Ofi

V

8. 

.00

+ AO

+ AO

AC

ft**

+.01

 .06

+.11

+.01

Normal equation, 9Afr 0.155aw 1.742ae 0.581c 25".09=0

Adopted atu = 2°.213 ae= 2-.271 c=+0'.34l

Clock alow 24-.3
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 1,1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

51

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

 1. 5150

+0. 6213

 0. 2551

+0. 5918

+0. 5251

+0. 4958

-3. 1255

+0. 3165

+0. 3566

+0. 5698

G

-2. 916

1.000

1.506

1.001

1.008

+1. 013

4 QflO

1.075

1.058

+1. 003

t

h. m. s. 

11 24 52.56

30 45.43

39 54.82

44 25.06

M 19 34

11 59 05.62

12 07' 32.52

oq xq QA

29 08.42

12 49 31.99

V

+!oi

 .07

.01

+.10

+.04

-.02

.02

.04

-i_ fli

 .03

Normal equation, 10A« 1.3878aw 0.031Uae+l. 621c 220s. 56= 0

Adopted aw=+15".344 ae=+15'.370 c= 0».332

Clock slow 24".29 at 12h.OO.

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 2,1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 6.827

+0. 464

+0. 692

1 A OAO

 0. 303

, +0.356

+0. 596

 1. 044

+0. 250

0

in CQI

1.021

1.004

+1. 137

1.552

1.058

1.001

2.357

 1. 109

t

h. in, s. 

]2 48 05.24

56 18.88

13 03 52.08

06 21.46

18 07.57

4R (U 94.

55. 40.48

14 01 02.46

05 00.31

V

«. 

+.01

.04

01

+ (\K

.08

+ O.9

+ flK

+ .01

 .01

Normal equation, 9A« 5.469aw 0.145ac + 5.676c 38".94 =0

Adopted ati,= OMOO ae = 0'.997 c=+0'.025

Clock slow 24-.2S at 13h.30.
52 ASTRONOMICAL WOEK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 16, 1890. Before signals. Observer, Pritohett.)

[BULL. 70.

Name of star.

6 Can. Ven .......................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.53

+0.50

3.13

+0.62

 0.02

+0.32

 1.57

+0.64

+0.21

+0.57

G

+1.01

1.01

4 90

1.00

+1.30

 1.07

2.98

1.00

1.13

-1.00

t,

h. m. g. 

11 54 53.45

12 06 44 49

14 55.90

20 05.14

12 23 50.17

28 25.32

35 43.61

45 58.94

12 49 42.35

V

s.

+ 10

+ ftq

.01

05

 .11

+.07

.00

 .11

 .07

+.11

Normal equation, lOAt 1.500aw+0.170ac+2.040c 22".43=0

Adopted Ow= 0".503 «< = Os.490 c= (K435

Clock slow 22°.26 at 12h .36.

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 16,1890. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

Gr. 2001...........= ..............

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

 1.93

+0.62

+0.37

+0.36

+0.60

 J.04

+0.25

+0.70

+0.16

C

 3.41

1.00

1.05

 1.06

+1.00

2.36

1.11

1.00

+1.16

t

h. m. s. 

13 22 58.97

28 44.02

41 40.84

49 05.53

13 55 42.45

14 01 05.70

05 02.73

09 54.50

14 26 45.21

V

8.

+.02

+.01

+.02

 .04

 .10

 .01

+.08

 .01

+.03

Normal equation, 9A«+0.67ow O.58ae+O.llc 195.93=0

Adopted a»= OM60 ae= 0'.527 c= 0-.410

Clock slow 22'.23 at 13b .85,
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABLE III. Details of time worlc Continued.

 [St. Louis, Missouri, May 25,1890. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

53

Name of star.

fi-T* 9001

Clamp.

E.

B.

W.

W.

A

3 1O«

0.062

+0. 624

+0.316

+0. 355

+0.206

+0. 570

+0. 464

+0. 202

 1. 926

0

 4.90

1.33

1.00

1.07

 1.06

+1.13

1.00

1.02

1.14

+3.41

t

h. im. s.

19 Hfi AQ QO

10 16. 32

10 K A K7

33 50. 45

39 15.30

45 00.48

49 42.79

12 56 21.41

13 06 24. 58

22 07.84

V

s. 

+.01

.07

+.06

_i_ ru

.03

 .10

+ (\Z.

+.02

+.05

 .02

Normal equation, lOdt 0.484aw ~ 1.888ae 1.66c 4».93=0

Adopted aro=+2».270 ae=+2s.394 c 0».406

Clock slow 20".99 at 12h .63.

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 25,1890. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

10Q \riT*rriTiia

/STTrs.Mm.. .....................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 1.044

+0. 250

+0. 157

+0. 217

+0. 592

2.215

+0. 220

C

+1.00

2.36

1.10

+1.17

 1.13

1.00

3.77

 1. 13

t

h. m. s.

TO CC Af) -1C

14 00 09.63

05 03.21

26 46.00

39 50.44

59 23.41

V

S. 

n9

 .01

+.01

+.01

.05

+.07

..00

.01

Normal equation, 8A« 0.041aw 1.186»e 1.40c 5".65=0

Adopted a,,,=+2'.194 «e=+2s.395 c 0s.426

Clock slow 21-.00 »t 14*.45.
54 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 28,1890. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

[BULL. 10.

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

+0. 496

 3.126

 0. 062

 +0. 024

1 A OlfT

- 1.571

+0. 206

+0. 570

-i-ft 4ftl

0

 1.01

4.90

1.0'4

 1.33

+1.07

2.98

1.13

1.00

+1.02

t

h. in. s. 

11 59 14.24

12 06 54.36

10 16. 87

13 54.19

23 51.52

28 35.84

46 00.72

49 42.49

56 21.22

V

s 

+.01

-.01

 .05

+.06

-i_ 19

-.01

 .11

+.04

 .04

Normal equation, 9At 0.014aw 2.006ae 1.08c 176»'. 70=0

Adopted a«=+3s. 725 ae~+&. 769 c= 0s. 440

Clock slow 20'. 46 at 12h. 45.

[St. Louia, Missouri, May 28, 1890. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of alar.

20 Can. Ven .......................

Gr. 2001...... ...................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

. 0. 692

LA 909

 0. 059

 1. 931

 1. 044

+0. 250

+0. 699

C

-1.00

1.14

1.33

-3.41

+2.36

1.11

+1.00

t

h. m. s.

i q no eq 09

nft oq 07

12 17.08

23 08.14

14 01 11.78

09 *i3 35

V

8. 

+.01

+.01

rto

+ A9

+.01

.00

no

Normal equation, 7At 0.095aw 1.096ae 2.40c 1393.62=0 

Adopted au,=+8». 745 a0=+3". 660 c= 0». 436 

Clock slow 20°. 42 at 13h . 69.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 55

TABLE III.' Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 29, 1890. Before signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

Gr.2001 ..........................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 1. 571

+0.20C

-1-0. 570

+0.464

+0.770

 1. 931

+0. 024

+0. 735

+0. 371

C

+2.98

1.13

1.00

+1.02

 1.02

. 3.41

1.00

1.01

 1.05

t

h. m. s. 

12 28 25.97

46 02.23

49 40.31

12 56 24.45

13 19 06.39

22 55.70

28 47.42

55 32.77

41 43.54

V

s. 

.00

.10

+.03

+.03

+ (14

+.04

+ .04

.04

 .05

Normal equation, 9A« 0. SSla^+OTSeOa, 1.36c 182'. 22=0

A dopted », = 2'. 650 a= 1\ 830 c= 0s. 439

Clock slow 20'. 26 at 13h. 16.

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 29, 3890. After signals. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

109 Virginis ........................

^Bootis.. ........................

c5 Bootis. .........................

IH.TJrs.Min ....................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

W.

A

 1.044

+0. 250

+ 0.699

+0. 648

+0. 157

+0. 387

+0. 696

+0. 592

+ 0.220

+0. 102

 1. 290

G

-2.36

1.11

1.00

1.00

 1.16

> +1.04

1.00

1.00

1.13

1.20

t

h. m. g. 

H 01 02.89

05 04.17

22 14.43

26 46.36

35 16.08

36 59. 27

40 24.46

59 26.22

15 10 46.20

13 03.38

V

s. 

.00

+.01

.00

+.03

 .06

+ .04

+.07

 .06

 .12

.01

Normal equation, 11A<+0. 707at(.+0. 7]0a,+l. 39c 108». 48=0

Adopted aw= 2". 77 ae= -' 83 c= 0'. 480

Clock slow 20'. 28 at 14h . 58.
56 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE III. Details of time ivork Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, June 7, 1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

[HULL. 70.

Name of star. Clamp.

E.

E.

TV.

W

A

-3. 072

+0. 157

+0. 387

+0. 696

+ 0.592

 2. 215

+0. 748

+ 0.403

+ 0.182

+ 0. 224

0 i t

i h. in. s. 

 4.84 ; 14 08 42.62

J.2C ' 26 47.99

1.05 i 35 17.42

1.00 j 36 01.57

 1.00 ', 40 26.45

+3.77 1 14 50 36.45

1.01 j 15 10 52.66

1.04 1 20 26.81

1.15 23 02.03

+ 1.12 15 29 46.46

V

8. 

.00

 .10

+.03

+.03

+.04

+.01

 .04

+.05

 .02

 .01

Normal equation, 10A« 0. 658ato 1. 2400,, 0. 9GC-200'. 53 0 

Adopted aw=5'. 820 <V=5'- 662 c=0'. 569 

Clock slow 18". 91 at 14". 87.

[St. Louis, Missouri, June 9, 1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star. Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.60

-1.04

+0.25

+0.70

 0.20

+0.16

+0.39

+0.59

 2.22

+0.22

+0.75

G

+1.00

2.36

1.11

1.00

+1.46

 M6

1.05

1.00

3.77

1.13

 1.01

t

h. in. g. 

13 55 46.21

14 01 12.29

05 06.80

09 58.10

11 57.06

26 46.57

35 14.50

40 22.22

50 44.43

14 59 25.25

16 10 40.30

t;

s. 

+.04

 .01

 .03

+.08

 .10

 .04

.00

 .01

.00

 .01

+.06

Normal equation, llAt+0.31a,0 0. llae 2.19c 207'. 15=0"

Adopted att=+0>. 891 a4=+0'. 807 c-= I1.267

Clock slow 18«. 56 at 14». 49
WOODWARD. I DETAILS OF TIME WORK. 57

TABLE III. Details oftimeioorlc Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, June 10, 1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

Pz. XIV, 221 ..................

/SLibraj. .........................

<Urs.Min ......................

Clamp.

E.

E.

W.

w.

+0.648

 2.559 

+0.387 

+0.592 

+0.842 

+0.416

+0. 748 

+0.403 

+0.224 

+0. 531 

+0.404 

+0.666

 3. 099

0

 1.00

4.20

1.04

1.00

1.04

 1.04

+ 1.01

1.04

1.12

1.01

1.04

1.00

+4.87

t

h. m. s. 

14 22 11.93

27 40.30

35 14.38

40 21.43

44 26.86

50 42.67

15 10 45.77

. 20 23.37

29 44.77

38 32.51

40 48.71

43 '33:77

48 02.21

V

8.

 .03

.00

 .02

+.01

+.06

-.03

 .07

+.07

 .01

 .01

 .01

+.03

.00

Normal equation, 13A( 0.123aw +0. 32Cac+l. 77c 237'. 28=0 

Adopted am =+4». 090 ae=+4'. 079 c= 0'.453 

Clock slow 18'. 25 at 15". 12.

[St. Louis, Missouri, June 11, 1890. Observer, Pritchett.]

Name of star.

£TJrs. Min. .......................

iOphhiuchi ......................

Clamp.

AV.

*.

A

 1.82

+0.18

+0.22

+0.53

+0.40

+0.67

+0. 56

 3. 10

+0.22

+0.67

+0.35

C

+3.28

1.15

1.12

1.01

+1.04

 1.00

1.00

4.87

1.12

1.00

 1.06

t

h. in. s. 

15 20 41.50

22 01.64

29 49.95

38 34. 97

40 50.67

43 35.90

45 03.11

47 45. 14

52 45.12

16 08 18.08

16 47.33

V

8.

+.03

 .07

+.05

+.02

+.06

 .04

+.01

 .02

 .09

 .02

+.06

Normal equation, llAt 0.49aw 0. 63ac 2.45c 89'. 25=0

Adopted aw= 0". 126 oe= 0'. 128 c= O1.403

Clock slow 18'. 01 at 15b . 73.
58 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

TABLE III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Miasouri, April 29, 1890. Observer, Woodward. 1

Name of star.

Gr. 1706...... ...................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

K

A

-3.17

+0.51

+0.59

+0.32

+0.58

 1.52

+0.63

 0.26

+0.41

V

G

+4.97

1.01

1.00

+1.07

 1.00

2.92

1.00

1.51

 1. 04

t

h. m. s. 

10 51 17.07

59 31.96

11 01 29.07

08 26.55

22 26.61

24 56. 90

31 28.97

40 22. 46

43 36.56

V

s. 

+.04

+.04

 .06

-.03

 .06

 .06

-.02

+ .06

+.11

Normal equation, 9A< 1.91a+0.58c+73".66=0

Adopted au)=-2a .43 afl=2».43 c= 0».89

Chronometer fast 8".64 at llb .29.

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 1, 1890. Observer, Woodward.]

Name, of star.

20 Comse ..........................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 1.52

+0.63

 0.26

+0.59

+0.52

+0.50

 3.10

+0.32

+0.57

0

+2.92

1.00

1.51

1.00

+1.01

 1.01

4.91

1.08

1.06

 1.00

t

h. m. s. 

11 25 11.39

31 32.83

40 29.90

45 11. 86

55 28.14

59 47.48

12 07 12.99

24 23. U

29 48.19

50 15.14

V

+.'08

+.01

 .04

+.03

fW

 .12

 .01

 .01

+.06

+.03

Normal equation, 10A< 0.04aw 1.35a,, 1.62c+117>.75=0

Adopted aw~+Q'.43 : oe=+0'.26 c=-l'.43

Chronometer fast llz .97 at 12k .02.
WOODWARD.] DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABLE III. Details of time worfcp-Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, May 2,1890. Observer, "Woodward.]

59

Name of star.

20 Comae ...........................

£TJrs.Maj ........................

Clamp.

W,

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.32

1 KH

+0.46

+0.69

+0.20

0.51

+0.36

+0.60

-1.04

+0.25

0

+1.08

2 Oft

1.02

1.00

+1.14

1 77

1.06

1.00

2.36

 1.11

t

h. in. s. 

12 24 26.61

OQ AC C7

56 56.92

13 4 29.92

6 59.62

19 45.45

49 41.57

56 17.46

14 01 41.64

05 37.79

V

s. 

-,.03

- .01

+.01

.00

.00

 .11

.00

+.02

+.13

-.02

Normal equation, 10At+0. lOa,,, 0. 34ae 0.08c+8'. 68=0

Adopted aw=+(K 61 ac=+0». 43 c= 0'. 20

Chronometer fast 13'. 86 at 13". 32.

[St. Lonia, Missouri, June 7,1890. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

/ffUrs.Min......... ..............

|8Cor.Bor........ ................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

 3.07

+0.16

+0.39

+0.70

+0.59

 2.22

+0.75

+0.40

. +0.18

+0.22

G

+4.84

1.16

1.05

1.00

+1.00

 3.77

1.01

1.04

1.15

 1.12

t

h. in. s. 

14 -10 06.92

27 48.58

36 16.14

37 58.15

41 23.63

51 49.80

15 11 47.42

21 24.02

.24 00.55

30 44.92

 y

s. 

.00

+.21

+.03

-.09

 .16

.00

 .10

+.09

 .11

+.10

Normal equation, lOAt 1.23aM 0.67ac+0.96c 18'. 14=0

Adopted », =+0'. 77 <*e=+l'- 02 c= 0'. 048

Chronometer fast 41'. 65 at 14b. 89.
ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULt. fO.

TABLE III.- Details of time toor/c Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, June 9, 1890. Observer, Woodward.]

Name of star.

i ^Tirffinis

109Virgini8........................

0TJrs. Maj. ......................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.35

+0.60

1.04

+0.25

+0.70

 0.20

+0.16

+0.39

 0.59

 2.22

+0.22

+0.75

c

+1.06

1.00

2.36

1.11

1.00

+1.46

 1.16

1.04

1.00

3.77

1.13

-1.01

i

h. ni. a. 

13 50 10.31

56 46.36

06 06.69

10 58.24

12 56. 25 >

27 48.84

36 17.11

41 24.87

51 48.74

15 00 27.70

11 48.89

*

*. 

 .00

.00

 .05

+.07

 .03

+.05

 .25

+.14

+.11

.00

 .02

+.02

Normal equation, 12A«+0. 66aw 0.]lae 1.12c+4'. 77=0

Adopted a(0 =+0'. 173 ac =+0".239 c= 0s. 047

Chronometer fast 42». 41 at 14h .43.

[St.Louis, Missouri, .Tune 10, 1890. Observer Woodward.]

Name of star.

Pz. XIV, 221......1............

J3 Cor. Bor. .......................

£TJrs. Min. ......................

Clamp.

W.

W.

E.

E.

A

+0.65

 2.56

+0.59

+0.42

+0.75

+0.40

+0.18

+0.22

+0.40

+0.67

 3.10

C

+1.00

4.20

1.05

1.00

1.04

+1.04

 1.01

1.04

1 IK

1.12

1.04

1.00

 4.87

t

fc. in. s. 

14 23 16.01

28 33.32

36 17.46

41 25.26

45 31.61

C1 JC Of!

15 11 49.10

91 OC DQ

24 01.85

30 45.91

41 50.70

44 36.71

AQ Aft QO

V

8. .02

.00

.00

 .01

^ .05

+.10

 .07

+ 19

+.05

.08

+.01

.04

.00

Normal equation, 13At+0. 33aw 0.48a4 1.90c+8". 87=0

Adopted ow=+0'. 089 »e=+0'. 161 c= 0'. 093

Chronometer fast 42*. 69 at 15b . 12.
WOODWARD.] . DETAILS OF TIME WORK.

TABI^E III. Details of time work Continued. 

[St. Louis, Missouri, June 11, 1890. Observer, Woodward.]

61

Name of star. Clamp. O

y*T7rs. Min........................ W.

0 Cor.Bor.......................

a Cor. Bor .........._.........

a Serpentls'......................

/SSerpentis............ ........ W.

fiSerpentis.................. _... E.

 Serpentis..__...... ......

SUrs.Min......................

e Cor. Bor.......................

<5 Ophiuchi......................

 yHerculis ........ ... ........ E.

 1.82 

+0.18 

+0.22 

+0.53 

+0.40

+0.67 

+0.56

 3.10 

+0.22 

+0.67 

+0.35

+3.28 

1.15 

1.12 

1.01

+1.04

 1.00 

1.00 

4.87 

1.12 

1.00

-1.06

h. in. 

15 21

24

30

39,

41

14

46

48

53

09

17

16

s. 

41.60

02.27

46.43

35.57

51.23

37.07

04.26

48.41

46.48

19.18

48.46

8.

 ,02

 .02

 .04 

+ . 06 

+ .04

+ .01 

.00

 .01 

.00

 .04

 .02

Normal equation, HAt 0. 49aw 0.63ae 2.45e+10'.30=0

Adopted au>=0'. 00 a<]=+OMll c=-0«.084

Chronometer fast 42>. 95 at 15h . 76.
62 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

7. Time-piece corrections and rates. Collecting the clock corrections 

and their epochs from the preceding tables and computing the hourly 

rates from the differences of the corrections and epochs, there results 

the following Table IV:

TABLE IV. Time-piece corrections, epochs, rates, etc.

Station.

Spearville, Kansas ........

Boise City, Idaho..........

Cisco, Texas ...............

St.. Louis, Missouri ........

Sierra Blanca, Texas .......

St. Louis, Missouri ........

Date.

1889.

Oct. 27

28

Xov. 2

15

23

24

Dec. 8

10

11

inJ Q

. 19

1890.

Apr. 29

May 1

2

16

25

28

29

June 7

9

10

11

Chronometer correction.

8.

-39. 23

 39. 24

 39. 49

 39. 57

 41. 67

 41. 64

 36. 77

 36. 68

 40.98

 40.95

 40.82

 40. 74

+ 0.62

+ 0.54

 2. 17

 2.3b

 3.03

 3.27

- o &. 0,1 £n

 2.32

 2.55

 2.58

 8.64

 11. 97

 13. 86

 10. 07

 10. 08

 17. 31

 17. 38

 18. 64

 18. 72

 19. 31

 19. 43

 41. 65

-42.41

-42. 69

 42.95

Epoch.

h.

21.41

22.87

21.41

22.81

21.93

23.26

22.40

24.35

22.52

24. 57

22.91

24.51

0.08

2.17

0.39

2..03

0.53

2.41

O QO * Oo

5.24

2.20

4.17

11.29

12.02

13.32

H

OC

. UlJ

12.91

11. 38

13. 36

11.41

13. 33

11.79

13.36

14.89

14.43

15.12

15.76

Hourly rate 

of timepiece.

s.

 0. 003

 0. 057

-t- 0.023

+ 0.051

+0. 015

+0. 050

 0. 038

 0. 134

 0. 128

 0. 018

 0. 015

+0. 000

+0.035

+ 0.042

+0. 070

Chronometer by 

Bond & 

Sons.

187

,
WOODWABDJ TIME-PIECE CORRECTIONS, ETC. 63

. TABLE IV. Time-piece corrections, epochs, rates, etc. Continued.

Station.

St. Louis, Missouri ........

! 

\

Bate.

188D.

Oct 27

28

Nov. 2

15

23

25

Dec. 8

10

11

18

19

1890.

Apr. 29

May 1

2

16

25

, 28

29

June 7

9

10

n

Clock 

correction.

«.

 389. 91

 390. 05

 391. 83

 392. 05

 400. 56

 400. 63

+ 14.41

+ 14.34

+ 14. 23

+ 14. 18

+ ]4. 18

+ 14. 32

+ 15. 50

+ 15.48

+ 15.49

+ '15. 40

+ 15.51

+ 15. 60

+ 15.59

+ 15. 68

+ 15.51

+ 15.57

+ 24.33

+ 24.29

+ 24.23

+ 22.26

+ 22. 23

+ 20. 99

+ 21. 00

+ 20.45

+ 20. 42

+ 20. 26

+ 20.28

4- 18. 91

+ 18.56

+ 18.25

+ 18.01

Epoch.

h.

22.32

23.67

22.32

23.62

22, 87

24.18

0.27

1.93

0.46

2.08

2?. 97

3.18

0.92

3.08

1.04

2.64

1.32

. 2.64

0.83

5.26

2.09

4.15

11.28

12.00

13.30

12. 3G

13.85

12.63

14.45

12.45

13.63

13.16

14.58

14.87

14.49

15.12

15.73

Hourly rate 

of timepiece.

K.

 0. 104

 0. 169 '

 0. 053

 0. 041

 0. 030

+0. 046

 0. 010

 0. 051

+0. 069

+0. 020

+0. 029

 0. 020

 0. 006

 0. 026

+0. 014

Clock by 

Howard.

214
64 ASTRONOMICAL WOKK OF 188!) AJSD 1800 [HULL. 70.

(8) Record of cloclc comparisons and apparent differences of longitudf. 

In comparing time-pieces both automatic and arbitrary signals were 

exchanged. In general the comparisons were derived from the mean of 

the arbitrary signals so selected as to give a nearly symmetrical distribution throughout a whole minute and throughout one re volution of the 

chronograph cylinder. A like distribution of automatic signals, when 

equally legible, gave the same result. The records of these comparisons and the apparent differences of longitude of the-field stations and 

St. Louis are given in Table V, and the corresponding data for the personal equation work are given in Table VI.

TABLE V. Apparent differences of longitude* 

[Results for differences from arbitrary signals made at field station.]

Field station. Date.

1889. 

Oct. 27

 28

Nov. 2 

15

23

24 

Dec. 8

10

11

1890. 

May 16

25

28

29

Mean difference of clockface times.

h. in. s. 

0 44 02.23

03.68

10. 45 

1 43 12.01

07.97

08.11 

0 34 51.54

48.72

47.78

0 60 04.15

59 58.11

59 57. 32

59 56.80

Number of

signals.

25

25

30 

19

21

15 

22

11

19

13

15

8

11

St. Louis 

clock correction.

m. s. 

-6 29.99

 6 31.95

-6 40.59 

+ 14. 36

+ 14.20

+ 14. 22 

+ 15. 49

+ 15.44

+ 15. 57

+ 22. 24

+ 20. 99

+ 20. 44

+ 20.27

Field 

chronometer correction.

8.

-39.24

 39. 54

 41. 65

 36. 71

 40. 96

 40. 78

+00. 56

 02. 31

 03. 1C

 10. 08

 17. 36

 18. 70

 19. 39

Field station 

west of St. 

Louis.

h. m. g.

0 38 11.48

11.28

11.51

1 44 03.08

03.13

03.11

35 06.47

06.47

06.51

1 00 36.47

36.46

36.46

36.46

{Results for differences from arbitrary signals made at St. Lotiis.J

Cisco, Texas. ...............

Sierra Blanca, Texas. .......

1889.

Oct. 27

28

Nov. 2

15

23

24

Dec. 8

10

11

1890.

May 16

25

28

29

03.57

10.33

1 43 11 72

07.70

07.84

0 34 61.39

48.59

47.64

0 60 03.91

59 67.82

59 57.00

59 56,52

12

21

23

23

26

16

90

24

18

1 t\

13

11

7

 6 29.98

 6 31.94

 6 40.59

+ 14. 36

+ 14. 20

+ 14.22

+ 15.49

+ 15. 44

+ 15. 56

+ 22. 24

+ 20. 99

+ 20. 44

+ 20. 27

 39.24

 39.54

-41.65

-36.71

 40.96

 40. 78

+00. 56

-02. 30

 03. 16

 10. 08

 17. 36

 18. 70

 19. 39

0 38 11. 36

11.16

11.39

1 44 02.79

02.86

02.84

0 35 06.32

06.33

06.36

1 00 36.23

36.17

36.14

36.18
WOODWARD.] PERSONAL EQUATION WORK. 65

TABLE VI. Apparent differences of longitude. Personal equation ivork at St. Louis.

[From record of Geological Survey chronograph.]

Date.

1889.

Dec. 18

19

1390.

Apr. 29

May 1

2

June 7

9

10

11

Mean difference of 

clock-face 

times.

«.

17.97

18.00

18.01

18.06

18.06

18.06

18.25

18. 25

18.26

18.28

18.28

18.29

33.23

36.44

38.17

60.83

61.13

61.16

61.10

Number 

of 

signals.

21

17

13

18

15

18

5

5

5

5

5

5

10

10

15

15

15

15

15

St. Louia 

clock correction.

«.

-1-15.57

+15. 59

+15. 61

+15.60

+15.68

+15. 70

+15.49

+15. 51

+15. 53

+15. 55

+15. 57

+15. 59

+24. 33

+24. 29

+24. 23

+18. 91

+18. 56

+18.25

+18.01

Field chronometer 

correction.

s.

 2.22

 2.24

- 2,25

 2.30

 2.32

 2. 34

 2. 54

 2.55

 2.56

- 2.57

 2.58

 2.59

 8.63

-11. 97

. 13. 88

 41.65

 42.41

 42. 69

 42. 95

AA

8.

0.18

.17

.15

.10

.06

.04

.22

.19

.17

.16

.13

.11

.27

.18

.06

.27

.16

.22

.14

[From record of Prof. Pritchett's chronograph.]

1889.

Dec. 18

19

1890.

Apr. 29

May 1

2

June 7

9

10

11

17.99

18.00

18.00

18.07

18.07

18.08

18.24

18.22

18.25

18.28

18.28

18.28

33.21

36.42

38. 17

60.81

61.11

61.16

61.10

9

9

13

16

11

17

5

5

4-15.57

+15. 59

+15. 61

+15. 66

+15. 68

+15. 70

+15.49

+15. 51

5 +15. 53

5

5

5

10

10

15

15

15

15

15

+15. 55

+15. 53

+15. 55

+24.33

+24. 29

+24.23

+18. 91

+18. 56

+18. 25

+18. 01

 2.22

 2. 24

 2.25

 2.30

 2.32

 2. 34

 2.54

 2.55

 2.56

- 2.57

 2.58

- 2.59

 8.63

 11.97

 13. 88

-41.65

-42. 41

 42. 69

 42. 95

0.20

.17

.14

.11

.07

.04

.21

.16

.16

.16

.13

.10

.25

.16

.06

.25

.14

.22

.14

Bull. 70 5
66 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. (BULL. 70.

(9) Longitude differences uncorrected for personal and instrumental 

equation. Calling the result for a longitude difference from the record 

of the western observer's chronograph z/Al5 and the corresponding result from the eastern observer's chronograph JA2 , we get the following 

table of results for longitude differences and transmission times :

TABLK VII. Approximate results for longitude differences and transmission times.

Station.

Bois6 City, Idaho .........

Cisco, Texas .............

Sierra Blanca, Texas. ....

Date.

1889.

Oct. 27

28

Nov. 2

Nov. 15

22

24

Dec. 8

10

11

1890.

May 16

25

28

29

AA,

h. TO. «.

0 38 11.36

11.18

11.39

1 44 02.79

02.86

02.84

0 35 06.32

06.33

06.36

1 00 36.23

36.17

36.14

36. 18

AA2

h. m. s.

0 38 11.48

11.28

11.51

1 44 03.08

03.13

03.11

0 35 06.47

06.47

06. 51

1 00 36.47

36.46

36. 46

36.46 -

i(A\,+AA,)

h. m. «.

0 38 11.420

.230

.450

1 44 02.935

.995

.975

0 35 06.385

.400

.435

1 00 36.350

.320

.300

.320

|(AA2 AA,

0.060

.050

.060

0.145

.135

.135

0.075

.070

.075

0.120 I

.145 |

.160 !

.140 !

The values of ^(z/A.1 4-JA2 ) in the preceding table give a series of 

observation equations of the form

Denoting the values of /JA for the several stations by accents we find 

the following equations:

Obcervalion equations for the quantities Ah.

Station . Date.

1889.

Oct. 27

28

Nov. 2

15

23

24

Dec. 8 "

10

11

1890.

May 16

25

28

29

Equation.

h. in. «.

1 .230

1 .450

1AA" 1 44 02.935

1 .995

1 .975

lAA"'1 0 35 06. 385

1 .400

1 .435

1AA1 ' 1 00 36.350

1 .320

1 .300

1 .320

Residual.

«.

 0. 053

+0. 137

 U. 083

+0. 031

 0. 029

 0. 009

+0. 016

+0. 001

 0. 034

+0. 028

 0. 002

 0. 022

 0. 002

Weight.

1

1

1

1

0.2

1

1

1

0.5

1

1

1

1
WOODWARD.] PERSONAL AND INSTRUMENTAL EQUATION, 1889. 67

The result of November 23 for Bois6 City is given a weight of 0.2 for 

the reason that no time observations were made at St. Louis on that 

date, the clock correction being interpolated from observations of November 22 and 24. Likewise, the result of December 11 for Cisco is 

given half weight for the reason that the time determinations both at 

St. Louis and Cisco were imperfect (on account of cloudiness) after 

exchange of signals on that date.

Since the results for the first three stations were obtained under similar circumstances, and will have the same correction for personal equation applied to them, we shall treat the first nine of the above equations 

as one group and the last four as another group. There result, therefore,

h m s 8 -

Ate =0 38 11.367 ±0.028, 

JA."=1 44 02.966± 0.033, 

JAiij=0 35 06.401± 0.031, 

4^=1 00 36.322± 0.007.

(10) Corrections for personal and instrumental equation, 1889. As 

stated in section (6), the observations for personal equation were made 

in the same way as those for longitude. In the work of 1889, however, 

six comparisons of the time-pieces were made on each of the dates of 

observation instead of one, as is usual in the longitude work. These 

comparisons were made at the beginning of each of the two time determinations, at the epoch of each reversal, and at the end of each determination. The earlier and later of such comparisons have less weight 

than those made near the mean of the epochs of the two clock corrections; and since the rates of the time-pieces are obtained by dividing 

the difference of the clock corrections by the difference of their epochs, 

the early and late comparisons will show in an exaggerated form any 

change in personal equation which may occur. But since the personal 

equation is the unknown quantity sought, we have considered the 

clock corrections as fallible quantities giving rise to discrepant values 

of the personal equation. If we call At{ and tl the clock correction and 

epoch respectively from the first time determination, and denote by At" 

and t" the corresponding quantities from the second determination, the 

correction to either time- piece at the time #+.# is of the form

(1 m)Ml + mJf11 , (a) 

in which

and if t is the time of comparison,

T = t-t\

Assuming the probable errors of At1 and dt" equal, the weight of the 

-above correction is proportional to

(1-2W+2W2 )- 1 , (6)
68 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

A result for personal equation, or £(JA!+A2 ) involves the difference 

of two corrections of the form (a), but since the values of m are nearly 

identical iu the two, weights may be computed from (6). The following table gives the results for personal equation, together with their 

weights aud the data on which the latter depend:

Results for personal equation 0/1889.

Date.

1889.

Dec. 18

18

18

18

18

18

19

19

19

19

19

19

tf t? t

h. h.

4.42 1.16

 0.23

+0.77

+ 3.47

+4.20

+ 5.35

 0.79

+0.04

+ 0.64

+ J.38

+2.11

+2. 74

m

 0. 262

 0. 005

+0. 174

+0. 785

+0. 950

+1.210

 0. 392

+0. 020

+0.317

+0. 683

+1.049

+1.356

Weight.

0.60

0.99

1.40

1.51

1.11

0.66

0.47

1.04

1.76

1.76

0.91

0.51

Result

£(AA,+AA2).

s.

0.190

.170

.145

.105

.065

.040

0. 215

.175

.165

.160

.130

.105

Weighted 

mean.

s.

0.119

0. 159

The results from the individual comparisons indicate a progressive 

decrease of the equation on both dates. A decrease is no doubt real in 

each case, but its apparent progressive character is due to the linear 

function used in computing the clock corrections rather than to any 

such systematic change in the equation itself. It would appear that 

the early and late comparisons were of little value except to show that 

the rates attributed to the time-pieces are not the real rates. The two 

weighted mean values, however, differ immaterially from the values 

which would have resulted from single comparisons at times falling 

midway between the epochs of the clock corrections.

Taking the half sum of the two weighted means in the table and 

computing a probable error from their difference, we have

0s. 139 ± 08.013.

Prof. Pritchett's transit during this personal equation work was west 

of Woodward's 4.2 feet, or 08.004. This diminishes the above result to

OM35 ± 0".013.

In view of the previous and subsequent experience of the same observers in determining their relative equation, it would appear that the 

probable error just given is too small. As explained below, the mean of 

seven results, obtained on as many different dates in 1890, shows a 

probable error of ± 08.021. It is evident that the mean of the more 

consistent though smaller number of results of 1889 should not have a 

less probable error. Hence we adopt as the value applicable to the 

work for 1889

OM35 ± 08.021.
WOODWARD.] PERSONAL AND INSTRUMENTAL EQUATION, 1890. 69

This correction will be applied to JA.*, JA.11 , and JAui given in section 

(9) above. It means that Pritchett observes the transit of a star later 

than Woodward, and hence the longitude differences are to be increased 

by this amount.

(11) Correction for personal and instrumental equation, 1890. In the 

personal equation work of 1890, applicable to the apparent longitude 

difference of St. Louis and Sierra Blauca, Texas, or JA.iv, given in section (9) above, but one time determination and one comparison of timepieces were made on any date. Observations were made at St. Louis 

on April 29, May 1, and May 2, before going to Sierra Blanca, and on 

June 7, 9,10, and 11, after returning from that station. The results 

derived from Table III are given below:

Results for personal equation of 1890.

Date.

1890.

Apr. 29

May 1

2

June 7

9

10

11

Result.

K.

0.26

0.17

0.06

0.26

0.15

0.22

0.14

Correction 

for position 

of piers.

8.

+ 0.004

-f 0. 004

+0. 004

-0. 004

 0. 004

 0. 004

 0. 004

Corrected 

result.

«. 

0.264

0.174

0.064

 0.256

0.146

0.216

0.136

The piers used in this personal equation work were 4.2 feet or 08.004 

apart. Pritchett was east of Woodward on the first three dates and 

west of him on the last four dates. Hence the corrections given in the 

third column of the table above.

Assigning equal weights to the results in this table, the mean of the 

first three values in the last column, or the mean value of the equation 

before the exchanges for the longitude of Sierra Blanca, is 0s. 167. 

Likewise the mean of the last four corrected results, or the mean value 

of the equation after the longitude exchanges, is 08.188. The half sum 

of these two values, or 08.178, was applied to JA,iv of section (9) above 

in deriving the longitude of Sierra Blanca for the purpose of fixing the 

one hundred and fifth meridian. It would have been better, perhaps, 

to have used the mean of all the corrected results. This mean is Os.179 

±08.021. It differs immaterially from the applied value, but its probable error derived from the discrepancies between the seven individual results and their mean, appears to be the best index of the precision of the applied value. Hence we adopt for the personal equation 

correction to be added to the longitude difference of St. Louis and 

Sierra Blanca, or /7Aiv of section (9),

0».178±0».021.
70 ASTRONOMICAL WOEK OF 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

(12) Arrangement of telegraphic circuits, transmission times, and instrumental'equation. The routes of the telegraphic circuits used and their 

approximate lengths are as follows:

Miles. 

St. Louis to Spearville, Kansas, via Kansas City, Missouri.................... 640

St. Louis to Boise" City, Idaho, via Omaha, Nebraska, and Ogden, Utah... .... 1,950

St. Louis to Cisco, Texas, via Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and Dallas, Texas........ 860

St. Louis to Sierra Blanca, Texas, via Cairo, Illinois, Pine Bluff and Texarkana, 

Arkansas, and Sherman and Dallas, Texas................................. 1,344

In the first of these circuits there were repeaters at Kansas City, and 

Nickerson, Kansas; in the second there were repeaters at Oinaha, Nebraska, and at Ogden, Utah; in the third there were repeaters at Pine 

Bluff, Arkansas, and at Dallas, Teias; in the fourth at Pine Bluff, 

Arkansas, at Dallas, Texas, and at Big Springs, Texas.

Taking means of the transmission times given in Table VII, we have 

the following table of results:

Transmission times, lengths of circuits, etc.

Field station.

Average 

transmission 

time.

s. 

0.057

0.138

0.073

0.141

Number 

of repeaters 

used.

 >

2

3

Approximate total 

length of 

telegraph 

lino.

Miles. 

640

1,950

800

1,344

In all cases the transmission times given above involve the action 

times of three relays in addition to the action times of the repeaters. 

These relays are the clock relay, which repeats to the chronograph circuit ; the main line relay, which also repeats to the chronograph circuit, and the chronograph relay. The electric apparatus used by Prof. 

Pritchett differed from that used by the field observer only in the chronograph relay and in the transit key. Whatever difference these may 

have produced should appear in the correction for personal equation 

given in sections (10) and (11) above.

(13) Adopted longitudes. Applying the corrections for personal and 

instrumental equation given in sections (10) and (ll), namely, +OM35 

±08 .021 for 1889, and +08.178± 08 .021 for 1890, we have for the longitudes of the several field stations relative to the pier used at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri:

West of St. Louis.

h. m. s.

Spearville, Kansas......................................... 0 38 11.502^0.035

Bois<5 City, Idaho. .......................................... 1 44 03.101^0.039

Cisco, Texas............................................... 0 35 06.536^0.03?

Sierra Blauca, Texas....... ................................ 1 00 36,500^0.022
WOODWAKD-1 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH MERIDIAN. 71

The longitude relative to Greenwich of the pier at St. Louis, used 

from 1881 to 1884, has been determined by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic 

Survey. Its adjusted value, given on page 423 of the report of that

Survey for 1884, is

6h 00m 49s.163i

The pier used in 1889 is 6 feet or 08.005 west of this position, while the 

pier occupied during the longitude exchanges in 1890 is Os.001 west 

of this position. Hence, to get longitudes with respect to Greenwich, 

we must add to the first three of the above differences 6h 00m 49M68, 

and to the last 6U 00ra 49M64. Applying these values, we have 

West of Greenwich.

h. m. s. *

Spearville, Kansas. ................................................. 6 39 00.670

Bois<5 City, Idaho. .................................................. 1 44 52.269

Cisco, Texas ........................................................ 6 35 55-704

Sierra Blanca, Texas ............................................... f 01 25.668

(14) Geographical positions of piers. Collecting the weighted mean 

latitudes of the observing piers given in Table II, and converting 

the longitudes just derived into arc, we have the following table of 

definitive values:

TABLE VIII. Geographical positions of piers.

Station. Latitude.

O / /'

37 59 06. 34

43 35 57.98

32 23 31.45

31 10 27.64

Longitude.

o / /;

99 45 10. 05 .

116 13 04.04

98 58 55. 56

105 21 24.96

FIXATION OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH MERIDIAN IN EL PASO

COUNTY, TEXAS.

(15) The intersection of the one hundred and fifth meridian of longitude with the Rio Grande determines the common corner of El Paso, 

Jeff Da vis, and Presidio Counties, Texas. The position of this meridian 

was not known, except within rather wide limits of error, prior to 

the determination of the longitude of Sierra Blanca. After the first 

night of longitude work at this station the observing pier was found 

to be about twenty-one miles west of the meridian. The method which 

the nature of the country suggested as most practicable and accurate 

for measuring this distance was that of triangulation. From their 

junction at Sierra Blanca, the Texas and Pacific and Southern Pacific 

.Railways run toward the southeast along a level valley furnishing many 

suitable sites for base-lines, and very favorably flanked by mesas and 

mountains available for triangulation. stations. Accordingly, the 

method of triangnlatiou was adopted.
72 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890. I BULL. 70.

As already stated, the details of this work were carried out chiefly 

by Mr. A. P. Davis. It is proper to state, also, in this connection that 

very substantial aid was rendered us by Prof. W. von Streeruwitz, of 

the Texas Geological Survey. Engaged in geological and topographical work in the same vicinity, he placed his assistants and camp outfit at our disposal and thus solved for us the serious problem in this 

region, especially destitute of water, of subsistence and transportation. 

During the previous winter in connection with his topographic work, 

Prof. Streeruwitz had measured in the same valley a base-line about 

four rniles long (6,400.70 meters) with the secondary apparatus of the 

TJ. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. This line, which was connected 

with our triangulation, served as a valuable check on the correctness 

of our work.

(16) Measurement and length of base-line. The site selected for a baseline was a nearly level and straight portion of the Texas and Pacific 

Kailway, extending from Sierra Blanca to Arispe, a station or section 

house about five miles east. On the south side of and 80.5 feet perpendicularly from the south rail of the main track at Arispe, an iron rod 

about two inches in diameter and two and one-half feet long was driven 

into the ground so that its upper end was a few inches below the surface of the ground. This rod marks the east end of the base and is 

called Arispe. The measurement of the base was made along the south 

rail of the main track from the point on this rail defined above to the 

point of intersection of the rail with the meridian through the center 

of the transit instrument at Sierra Blanca. This center is defined by a 

small hole drilled into the top of the capstone of the pier. This hole 

marks the west end of the base and is called Pier. The distance along 

the meridian from Pier to the west end of the line measured on the railway track is 296.84 feet, the pier being south of the track. The angle at 

the Pier between true north and Arispe is 108° 30' 06".6, determined 

in a way explained below.

The length of the line between the two points on the railway track 

defined above was measured with a 100-foot Chesterman steel tape, U. 

S. G. S. Ko. 5. The measurement was made during the night of June 

1, 1890. For very efficient aid rendered in this measurement the 

Survey is indebted to Prof. W. vou Streeruwitz and his assistant, Mr. 

Taff of the Texas Geological Survey, and to Mr. Otto Peterler of the engineer staff of the Southern Pacific Railway.

The tape was stretched on the surface of the rails with a tension of 

16 pounds, maintained by means of a spring-balance. The rear end of 

the tape was carried by Mr.Taff, who, with the assistance of Mr. Peterler, 

brought the 100-foot graduation of the tape into coincidence with the 

successive marks made on the rails at the front end. The front end 

was carried by Mr. Davis, who kept the tape at the standard tension. 

The position of the front end >of the tape for a few tape lengths was
WOODWARD.] MEASUREMENT AND LENGTH OF BASE LINE. 73

marked on the rail by Prof. Streeruwitz with a cold-chisel. Although 

this method is a good one it failed in this instance for want of a sufficiently hard chisel. For the remainder and greater portion of the line 

tlie front end of the tape was marked by the writer with a sharp file. 

This method gives a well-defined mark and is more expeditious than 

the former, but is perhaps not quite so precise. Pins were used as in 

ordinary chaining to indicate the positions of the marks on the rails, 

and the count of the tape lengths was kept independently by three different persons. The time required in the measurement was about five 

hours.

Hhe temperature of the tape was assumed to be the same as that of 

the rails on which it lay in close contact. To determine this temperature a thermometer was placed on the rail at the end of every ten 

str0tches of the tape. Care was taken to bring the bulb of the thermoHneter into metallic contact with the rail so that it might commnicate 

its temperature to the bulb by the relatively rapid process of conduction. The observations showed that the measurement was begun somewhat too early in the evening (about 8 o'clock local time) for the most 

advantageous temperature conditions, since the temperature fell from 

85° to 67° F. during the time of the first hundred stretches of the tape, 

and remained nearly stationary thereafter. The observed temperatures 

ranged from 85° F. to 61° F., the average being 68° F,

The whole distance measured was 244 tape lengths plus 8.833 feet. 

A tape length as here used is the distance between the 2-inch mark 

and the 100-foot mark of this tape when lying on a horizontal support 

and under a stress of 16 pounds.

The length of this space on the tape was determined by comparisons 

with a 300-foot steel tape of the Missouri River Commission. For this 

valuable courtesy the Survey is indebted to Lieut. J. C. Sanford, Corps of 

Engineers, U. 8. Army, secretary of that Commission, and to his assistant engineers, O. B. Wheeler and G. A. Marr, who made the comparisons. The tapes were stretched in the basement of the exposition building at St. Louis, June 7, 1890. They were held up about fifteen inches 

above the floor on nearly frictionless supports which were placed at 

intervals of 33 feet along the length of the tape. The tapes were placed 

on the supports successively and were free to sag between supports. 

Temperatures were observed by three thermometers placed at intervals 

along the tape. The two comparisons, which differed by only 0.02 inch, 

gave in mean the equation 

3 X 100-foot tape at 70.4° F. = 300-foot tape+0.28 inch at 70.6° F.

The length assigned by the Missouri River Commission to the 300- 

foot tape used in these comparisons is

300,03162 feet + 300x0.00000685(£ 62°),
74 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OP 1889 AND 1890. [BULL. 70.

t being the temperature F. of the tape. Assuming the two tapes to 

have the same co-efficient of expansion, the above equations give

100-foot tape = 100.01845 feet at 62° F.1

Deducting from this value two inches, or 0.16667 foot, and applying 

the same co-efficient of expansion as given above for the 300-foot tape, 

we find for the tape length used in the base measurement

99.85178 feet+0.00068(£-62°) feet.

Since, as stated above, there were 244 tape lengths at an average 

temperature of 68° F., we have for the length of the measured line

244x99.85178 feet = 24363.834 feet

Temperature correction=+ 0.996 feet

Fractional length =+ 8.833 feet

Total = 24373.663 feet

According to a topographic map of the vicinity projected from the 

surveys of Prof. Streeruwitz, the elevation of the railway at Arispe is 

about one hundred and thirty feet less than at Sierra Blanca. Assuming the slope to be uniform between' the two ends of the measured line, 

the grade angle would be 18' 20", and the corresponding grade correction is 0.35 foot. The measured line corrected for grade is, therefore, 

24373.31 feet. The correction, derived from the data given above, to 

be applied to this length to get the line Pier-Arispe, is 95.69 feet. 

This gives for the latter line 24277.62 feet.

The elevation of Sierra Blanca abpve sea-level is given by the Southern Pacific Bail way as 4,512 feet. Deducting from this one-half of the 

fall to Arispe, or 65 feet, we have for the mean height of the base above 

sea-level 4,447 feet. The base being in latitude 31° 10', and having a 

mean inclination to the meridian of 71° 29', the reduction to sea-level 

for the above elevation is 5.16 feet.

Collecting the several elements of the base just given, we Lave the 

following summary:

Feet. 

Leugth of measured line.................. .......... .................... 24373. C6

Correction for grade .................................................... 0.35

Correction for transfer to line Pier-Arispe............................... 95.69

Correction for elevation................................................. 5.16

Sea-level length of line Pier-Arispe...................................... 24272.46

(17) Angles oftriangulation. The angles of the triangulation connecting the astronomical station with the one hundred and fifth meridian 

and with the base of the Texas Geological Survey, were measured by

'A comparison of this tape with the mural standard of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, made 

June 2C, 1890, at a temperature of 82° F., the tape heing supported without sag on tbestandard, gave

100-foot tape = 100.02083 at G2& F.

This value depends on the assumption that the mural standard and tape have the same rate of expansion. The correction for the error of this assumption and the correction for sag of tape as used at St. 

Louia would both diminish the discrepancy between the two values, which is now about ifjoso-
v.m,DW »BD.| TRIANGULATION. 75

Mr. A. P. Davis with a non-repeating theodolite, No. 437, made by 

Fauth & Co. This instrument has a circle eight inches in diameter 

graduated to 10'. The circle is read by two micrometer microscopes 

whose headsare divided to 2". The telescopehas an objective two inches 

in diameter and a focal length of about sixteen inches. It has a convenient device for shifting the circle, and is in all respects a high 

grade of instrument.

In general, four measurements of each angle were made on as many 

equidistant parts of the circle. By a measurement is meant the mean 

of two results obtained by moving the microscopes in the direction of 

the graduation and immediately afterwards in the opposite direction, 

or, vice versa, so as to eliminate twist of the instrument or its support.

The instrument was mounted in general on its heavy tripod and was 

protected from the sun and wind by a canvas screen. The signals 

used were either well defined targets of white cloth or symmetrical 

cairns of stones. Nearly all the stations are marked by such cairns so 

that they may be identified easily so long as they remain undisturbed.

Table IX, following, gives the angles and derived data used in computing the connection with the meridian and with the base of the 

Texas Geological Survey. As may be seen from the sketch of the 

triangulation below, many more angles than those used were measured.

..Signal.

- 

TRIANOULATION CONNECTING SiumABLANCAPitn WITH 1051* MIFUDIAN, D.PASOCOUNTv.TtxAs.

Scale of mllea, 

f _-L J £__ J -f

Since our principal object was to locate the one hundred and fifth 

meridian well within the limits of the unavoidable errors in the astronomical longitude of the Pier, it was unnecessary to make use of all 

these angles as might have been done by means of a complex adjustment. Accordingly, the best chain of triangles essential to this purpose was selected and the angles of these triangles were adjusted for 

errors of closure simply.1 As may be seen from the table, the maximum 

error of closure of these triangles is 5".4 and the average error 2".9. 

These errors of closure indicate a probable error of about i 1".3 for a 

measured angle. ____

i To this statement there is ono exception, viz, in the angles at Arispo. They were subjected to a 

local adjustment, and the angles Riven in the table are the locally adjusted angles. The maximum 

correction from this adjustment, however, was only 0".5
76 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE IX. Principal triangles and their logarithmic sides.

I HULL 7(1

Taff .................

Pier ........... ......

Pier .................

Taff .................

Taff .................

Taff .................

Taff..................

Eagle ................

Signal ...............

E. Base. .............

E.Base ..............

W.Base .............

Measured 

angles.

O ' n

49 01 42.2

AC K1 C7 Q

05 06 22.8

KK Aft OO 7

59 56 31.8

64 20 07.7

113 21 50.2

32 33 35.6

34 04 33.2

32 33 35.6

34 04 33.2

113 21 50.2

80 36 43.3

39 48 49.9

59 34 30. 6

47 18 20.6

20 26 02.4

112 15 36.3

126 54 38.3

19 22 47.5

33 42 31.9

102 51 17.9

49 OK qc c

30 52 10.1

88 49 40.2

70 10 9O ft

86 39 00.0

67 49 59. 3

40 39 41.8

71 30 15.2

Spherical 

excess.

"

0.10

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.49

0.18

0.20

1.06

0.61

0.20

0.07

Adjusted spherical angle.

O / '/

49 01 41.3

65 51 56.9

55 43 22.0

59 56 31.1

64 20 07.0

113 21 50.6

32 33 35.9

34 04 33.6

32 33 35.9

34 04 33.6

113 21 50.6

80 36 42.2

39 48 48.8

59 34 29. 5

47 18 20.9

20 26 02.7

112 15 36.6

126 54 39.1

19 22 48.3

33 42 32.3

 102 51 17.2

QO oo (\n e\

JO O?. QA Q

30 52 08.3

QQ ,40 OQ A

60 18 13.9

79 40 28.0

86 38 58.2

13 40 84.0

67 50 01.6

40 39 42.1

71 30 16.4

Log. sines.

9. 877965

9. 960276

9 01 71 ^n

9. 937276

9.954890

9. 962844

9. 730929

9. 748414

9. 730929

9. 748414

9. 962844

9. 994144

9. 806377

9. 935654

9. 866277

9. 542986

9. 966364

9. 902854

9. 520919

9. 744274

9. 988977

9 749,180

9

QOQCEO

9. 710181

a QQQQflQ

9. 938852

9. 992909

9 QQQ9S7

9. 373707

9. 966655

9. 813975

9. 976968

Log. sides 

in meters.

3. 786814

3

Q«Q1OC

3. 866499

3. 848998

3. 886739

4. 080913

3. 866483

3. 849014

4. 080929

4. 268680

4. 210190

4. 110106

4.210192

4. 268674

4. 110094

4. 515167

4. 364744

4. 075016

4. 303687

4. 262332

3. 643130

3. 795809

3. 806123

(18) Connection with base of Texas Geological Survey. The logarithm 

of the base Pier-Arispe expressed in English feet, is 4.385114. Using 

Clarke's ratio for converting feet to meters, the corresponding logarithm 

of the base in meters is 3.869125. Using this logarithm and the angles 

of the triangles in Table IX, we find for the logarithm of the Texas 

base 3.806123, corresponding to 6399.16 meters.
WOODWABD.J TRIANGULATION. 77

The length of the Texas base, corrected for grade and temperature 

of measuring bars, as given me by Prof. Streeruwitz, is 6400.70 

meters. The elevation of this base above sea-level is about the same 

as that of Torbert Station, which is given by the Southern Pacific Bailway as 4,343 feet. The mean latitude of the base is 31° 05', and its 

azimuth from the east end is 119° 05'. Hence, the reduction to sealevel is 1.33 meters, giving for the sea-level length of this base 6399.37 

meters.

 The discrepancy between this and the computed value given above 

is 0.21 meters, or g^oo" part. It is smaller than might reasonably be 

expected, since a change 0.5" in the angle at Yucca of the triangle 

Mesa-East Base-Yucca would change the discrepancy by To-ooo Par^ 

For a precise connection of the two bases this triangle is ill-shaped. 

 The connection suffices to show, however, that no error comparable 

with that in the longitude work lies in the triaugulation.

(19) Azimuth of base-line Pier-Arispe. The azimuth of the base-line 

depends on the azimuth of a meridian mark set up about one mile north 

of the pier. This mark was very nearly bisected by the middle line of 

the transit diaphragm during the period covered by the time observations May 25, 28, and 29. The average of the twelve azimuth factors 

of these dates (see Table III) makes the mark east of north 0".85. 

Special observations, however, were made for the azimuth of the mark 

on May 31 with the meridian transit. Nine circumpolar stars, five at 

upper and four at lower culmination, were observed. The times of 

transit of the stars across the mid line of the instrument were recorded 

on the chronograph, and the small angles between the stars and the 

mark were measured by means of the micrometer screw of the movable 

V. The error of the chronometer was accurately known from its rate 

and previously determined error as well as from time stars observed 

during the course of the azimuth work. Correcting the results for inclination of horizontal axis arid collimation, they gave in the mean 

0".58 east of north for the azimuth of the mark, a value not differing 

materially from the value derived from the time work as stated above. 

The angle at the pier between the meridian mark and Arispe was 

measured with the 8-inch theodolite described in section (17). Six 

measures on as many equidistant parts of the circle were made. Their 

mean value is 108° 30' 06".0. Adding to this the correction just given 

and 180°, we have for the adopted azimuth of the line Pier-Arispe 

288° 30'06".6.

(20) Geodetic positions of points in triangulation. Using the triangulatiou given in Table IX and the initial azimuth derived above, the following geodetic positions and azimuths result:
78 ASTRONOMICAL WORK OF 1889 AND 1890.

TABLE X. Geodetic positions and azimuths in triangulation.

Stations.

"Pi or

Taff ..............

Meridian Signal . .

Latitudes.

O i n 

01 1 A 97 KA.

31 12 28.86

Q-l AQ I 1 00

31 OC 40.08

31 07 16.43

31 04 54.70

30 59 51.56

Longitudes.

0 I II

105 21 24.96

105 17 25.68

105 17 00.09

105 20 51.72

105 09 12.38

105 09 32.38

105 13 03.41

105 05 08.13

104 59 56.49

Azimuths.

0 I II

239 28 25

288 30 07

352 50 14

306 20 11

26 56 51

285 54 22

52 49 01

266 29 34

280 10 08

310 05 09

312 52 12

343 44 20

6 55 07

119 04 55

224 03 40

Stations.

Taff ..............

Iilesi

Reverse 

azimuths.

O n

59 30 29

108 32 24

172 50 31

126 24 27

232 47 01

86 35 35

100 15 59

130 13 15

132 56 '59

163 46 26

186 54 57

299 03 08

44 07 21

(21) Positions of stones marking one hundred and fifth meridian. From 

the latitude and longitude of Meridian Signal given in Table X it appears that the one hundred and fifth meridian lies 305.51 feet west of 

that signal. The stones marking the meridian were actually set 295.94 

feet west of Meridian Signal. This discrepancy between their actual 

positions and their proper positions relative to the triangulation arose 

in the following manner: By reason of a blunder in the field computation, made by the writer in deriving the tape length used in measuring 

the base, a linear error of TSOTU Part (1-88 feet in length of base) was 

introduced into the triangulation. This error made the longitude of Meridian Signal 104° 59' 56.60", instead of 104° 59' 56.49" as given above.1 

As explained in section (22) below, however, this error of 9.57 feet in 

placing the meridian stones is small in comparison with,the error of the 

initial longitude, and is entirely negligible in comparison with the unavoidable deflections of the plumb-line.

The meridian stones were set June 16, 1890, by Mr. A. P. Davis with 

the assistance of Prof. W. von Streeruwitz and Mr. J. A. Taff, of the 

Texas Geological Survey, and Col. J. E. Marmion, county surveyor of 

Presidio County. The stones are about one mile apart in a true north 

and south line, the northerly one being due east of Meridian Signal or 

in latitude 30° 59' 51.56''. They are of limestone, dressed to a square 

cross section at their upper ends, and project a few inches above ground.

'The error of the tape length used in the field computation was ^X^XO. 28 foot, and was due to 

the omission of the term 0.28 inch from the observed equation of the 100-foot tape with the 300-foot tape 

of the Missouri River Commission (see section 16). The omission was not discovered until June 26, 

when the 100-foot tape was compared with the nwral standard of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic 

Survey.
WOOBWAKD.] TRIANGULATION. 79

(22) Probable error of position of meridian as defined by marking 

stones. It will be of some theoretical interest to state what degree of 

precision is attainable in fixing a meridian on the surface of the earth, 

and what probable error must be attributed to the position of the one 

hundred and fifth meridian defined by the stones set in El Paso County.

Evidently, the error in position of any meridian fixed by means of a 

longitude determination will depend on the errors of the longitude differences which enter into the determination. Other things being equal 

the uncertainty increases with the number of differences added together 

to make up the determination. If but one difference is involved the 

relative longitude of two places may be found with a probable error not 

greater than 08 .02 to 08.03, or 15 to 20 feet in middle latitudes. In general, however, the longitude of a place depends on several such differences and the probable error is correspondingly greater.

In the present case we have to consider three differences of longitude, 

viz, the difference of St. Louis and Greenwich, Sierra Blanca and St. 

Louis, and Sierra Blanca and Meridian Signal. The probable error of 

the first of these differences is unknown, but it can hardly be less than 

i08.050. The probable error of the second difference is given in section (16) as i08 .022. The probable error of the last difference, or that 

measured by the triangulation, may be estimated as Toihf^ Part of the 

linear distance between the meridian of the pier at Sierra Blanca 

and the one hundred and fifth meridian j that is, in time, iOB.009. 

Taking the square root of the sum of the squares of these probable 

errors, we get for the probable error of the position of the one hundred 

and fifth meridian as fixed on the ground

±<K055= ± 0".S25=± 72 feet.

This probable error, it will be seen, is substantially the same as that of 

the position of the pier at Sierra Blanca.

' The probable error just given takes no account of the deviation of 

the plumb-line at Sierra Blanca from the normal to the earth's spheroid, 

and the question may be asked, would the adopted position of the one 

hundred and fifth meridian agree with the position which might be 

found by geodetic connection with some other astronomical station? 

The answer to this question is, in" all probability it would not by some 

hundreds, of feet. The average plumb-line deflection in such mountainous 

regions is three to five seconds of arc, which for the latitude of Sierra 

Blanca means 250 feet to 440 feet. This being the case, no two determinations from different initial longitude stations could be expected to 

agree except within some such limits as those just assigned, even if the 

astronomical and geodetic work could be done with perfect accuracy. 

Discrepancies of this character could be avoided only by means of geodetic operations too elaborate and too costly to be employed in fixing 

& boundary line.