UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

Washington, DC 20549 

FORM 3 

INITIAL STATEMENT OF BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES 

The Commission is authorized to solicit the information required by this Form pursuant to Sections 

16(a) and 23(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Sections 30(h) and 38 of the Investment 

Company Act of 1940, and the rules and regulations thereunder. 

Disclosure of information specified on this form is mandatory. The information will be used for the primary purpose of disclosing the holdings of directors, officers, and beneficial owners of registered companies. Information disclosed will be a matter of public record and available for inspection by members 

of the public. The Commission can use it in investigations or litigation involving the federal securities 

laws or other civil, criminal, or regulatory statutes or provisions, as well as for referral to other governmental authorities and self-regulatory organizations. Failure to disclose required information may result 

in civil or criminal action against persons involved for violations of the federal securities laws and rules. 

Potential persons who are to respond to the collection of information

contained in this form are not required to respond unless the form displays

a currently valid OMB control number. 

SEC 1472 (05-19) 
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Who Must File 

(a) This Form must be filed by the following persons (“reporting person”): 

(i) any director or officer of an issuer with a class of equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the 

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”); (Note: Title is not determinative for purposes of determining “officer” 

status. See Rule 16a-1(f) for the definition of “officer”); 

(ii) any beneficial owner of greater than 10% of a class of equity securities registered under Section 12 of the 

Exchange Act, as determined by voting or investment control over the securities pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(l) (“ten percent 

holder”); 

(iii) Removed and Reserved. 

(iv) any officer, director, member of an advisory board, investment adviser, affiliated person of an investment 

adviser or beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of outstanding securities (other than short-term paper) of a registered 

closed-end investment company, under Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940; and 

(v) any trust, trustee, beneficiary or settlor required to report pursuant to Rule 16a-8. 

(b) If a reporting person is not an officer, director, or ten percent holder, the person should check “other” in Item 5 

(Relationship of Reporting Person to Issuer) and describe the reason for reporting status in the space provided. 

(c) If a person described above does not beneficially own any securities required to be reported (See Rule 16a-1 and 

Instruction 5), the person is required to file this Form and state that no securities are beneficially owned. 

2. When Form Must be Filed 

(a) This Form must be filed within 10 days after the event by which the person becomes a reporting person (i.e., 

officer, director, ten percent holder or other person). This Form and any amendment is deemed filed with the Commission or the 

Exchange on the date it is received by the Commission or the Exchange, respectively. See, however, Rule 16a-3(h) regarding 

delivery to a third party business that guarantees delivery of the filing no later than the specified due date. 

(b) A reporting person of an issuer that is registering securities for the first time under Section 12 of the Exchange Act 

must file this Form no later than the effective date of the registration statement. 

(c) A separate Form shall be filed to reflect beneficial ownership of securities of each issuer. 

3. Where Form Must be Filed 

(a) A reporting person must file this Form in electronic format via the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering Analysis 

and Retrieval System (EDGAR) in accordance with EDGAR rules set forth in Regulation S-T (17 CFR Part 232), except that a 

filing person that has obtained a hardship exception under Regulation S-T Rule 202 (17 CFR 232.202) may file the Form in paper. 

For assistance with technical questions about EDGAR or to request an access code, call the EDGAR Filer Support Office at 

(202) 942-8900. For assistance with questions about the EDGAR rules, call the Office of EDGAR and Information Analysis at 

(202) 942-2940. 

(b) At the time this Form or any amendment is filed with the Commission, file one copy with each Exchange on which 

any class of securities of the issuer is registered. If the issuer has designated a single Exchange to receive Section 16 filings, 

the copy shall be filed with that Exchange only. 

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(c) [Removed and Reserved]

4. Class of Securities Reported 

(a) (i) Persons reporting pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall include information as to their beneficial 

ownership of any class of equity securities of the issuer, even though one or more of such classes may not be registered 

pursuant to Section 12 of the Act. 

(ii) Removed and Reserved. 

(iii) Persons reporting pursuant to Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 shall 

include information as to their beneficial ownership of any class of securities (equity or debt) of 

the registered closed-end investment company (other than “short-term paper” as defined in 

Section 2(a)(38) of the Investment Company Act).

(b) The title of the security should clearly identify the class, even if the issuer has only one class of securities 

outstanding;for example, “Common Stock,” “Class A Common Stock,” “Class B Convertible Preferred Stock,” etc. 

(c) The amount of securities beneficially owned should state the face amount of debt securities (U.S. Dollars) or the 

number of equity securities, whichever is appropriate. 

5. Holdings Required to be Reported 

(a) General Requirements. Report holdings of each class of securities of the issuer beneficially owned as of the date 

of the event requiring the filing of this Form. See Instruction 4 as to securities required to be reported. 

(b) Beneficial Ownership Reported (Pecuniary Interest). 

(i) Although for purposes of determining status as a ten percent holder, a person is deemed to beneficially own 

securities over which that person has voting or investment control (see Rule 16a-1(a)(1)), for reporting purposes, a person is 

deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities if that person has or shares the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or 

share in any profit derived from a transaction in the securities (“pecuniary interest”). See Rule 16a-1(a)(2). See also Rule 16a-8 

for the application of the beneficial ownership definition to trust holdings and transactions. 

(ii) Both direct and indirect beneficial ownership of securities shall be reported. Securities beneficially owned 

directly are those held in the reporting person’s name or in the name of a bank, broker or nominee for the account of the 

reporting person. In addition, securities held as joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or as community 

property are to be reported as held directly. If a person has a pecuniary interest, by reason of any contract, understanding or 

relationship (including a family relationship or arrangement) in securities held in the name of another person, that person is an 

indirect beneficial owner of those securities. See Rule 16a-1(a)(2)(ii) for certain indirect beneficial ownerships. 

(iii) Report securities beneficially owned directly on a separate line from those beneficially owned indirectly. 

Report different forms of indirect ownership on separate lines. The nature of indirect ownership shall be stated as specifically 

as possible; for example, “By Self as Trustee for X,” “By Spouse,” “By X Trust,” “By Y Corporation,” etc. 

(iv) In stating the amount of securities owned indirectly through a partnership, corporation, trust, or other 

entity, report the number of securities representing the reporting person’s proportionate interest in securities beneficially 

owned by that entity. Alternatively, at the option of the reporting person, the entire amount of the entity’s interest may be 

reported. See Rule 16a-1(a)(2)(ii)(B) and Rule 16a-1(a)(2)(iii). 

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(v) Where more than one person beneficially owns the same equity securities, such owners may file Form 3 

individually or jointly. Joint and group filings may be made by any designated beneficial owner. Holdings of securities owned 

separately by any joint or group filer are permitted to be included in the joint filing. Indicate only the name and address of the 

designated filer in Item 1 of Form 3 and attach a list of the names and addresses of each other reporting person. Joint and group 

filings must include all required information for each beneficial owner, and such filings must be signed by each beneficial 

owner, or on behalf of such owner by an authorized person. 

If this Form is being filed in paper pursuant to a hardship exemption and the space provided for signatures is 

insufficient, attach a signature page. If this Form is being filed in paper, submit any attached listing of names or signatures on 

another Form 3, copy of Form 3 or separate page of 8 1⁄2 by 11 inch white paper, indicate the number of pages comprising the 

report (Form plus attachments) at the bottom of each report page (e.g., 1 of 3, 2 of 3, 3 of 3), and include the name of the 

designated filer and information required by Items 2 and 3 of the Form on the attachment. 

See Rule 16a-3(i) regarding signatures. 

(c) Non-Derivative and Derivative Securities. 

(i) Report non-derivative securities beneficially owned in Table I and derivative securities (e.g., puts, calls, 

options, warrants, convertible securities, or other rights or obligations to buy or sell securities) beneficially owned in Table II. 

Derivative securities beneficially owned that are both equity securities and convertible or exchangeable for other equity 

securities (e.g., convertible preferred securities) should be reported only on Table II. 

(ii) The title of a derivative security and the title of the equity security underlying the derivative security should 

be shown separately in the appropriate columns in Table II. The “puts” and “calls” reported in Table II include, in addition to 

separate puts and calls, any combination of the two, such as spreads and straddles. In reporting an option in Table II, state 

whether it represents a right to buy, a right to sell, an obligation to buy, or an obligation to sell the equity securities subject to 

the option. 

(iii) Describe in the appropriate columns in Table II characteristics of derivative securities, including title, 

exercise or conversion price, date exercisable, expiration date, and the title and amount of securities underlying the derivative 

security. 

(iv) Securities constituting components of a unit shall be reported separately on the applicable table (e.g., if a 

unit has a non-derivative security component and a derivative security component, the non-derivative security component shall 

be reported in Table I and the derivative security component shall be reported in Table II). The relationship between individual 

securities comprising the unit shall be indicated in the space provided for explanation of responses. 

6. Additional Information 

(a) If the space provided in the line items on the electronic Form is insufficient, use the space provided for footnotes. 

If the space provided for footnotes is insufficient, create a footnote that refers to an exhibit to the form that contains the 

additional information. 

(b) If the space provided in the line items on the paper Form or space provided for additional comments is insufficient, 

attach another Form 3, copy of Form 3 or separate 8 1⁄2 by 11 inch white paper to Form 3, completed as appropriate to include the 

additional comments. Each attached page must include information required in Items 1, 2 and 3 of the Form. The number of 

pages comprising the report (Form plus attachments) shall be indicated at the bottom of each report page (e.g., 1 of 3, 2 of 3, 3 

of 3). 

(c) If one or more exhibits are included, whether due to a lack of space or because the exhibit is, by nature, a separate 

document (e.g., a power of attorney), provide a sequentially numbered list of the exhibits in the Form. Use the number “24” for 

any power of attorney and the number “99” for any other exhibit. If there is more than one of either such exhibit, then use 

numerical subparts. If the exhibit is being filed as a confirming electronic copy under Regulation S-T Rule 202(d) (17 CFR 

232.202(d)), then place the designation “CE” (confirming exhibit) next to the name of the exhibit in the exhibit list. If the exhibit 

is being filed in paper pursuant to a hardship exception under Regulation S-T Rule 202 (17 CFR 232.202), then place the 

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designation “P” (paper) next to the name of the exhibit in the exhibit list. 

(d) If additional information is not reported as provided in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this instruction, whichever apply, 

it will be assumed that no additional information was provided. 

7. Signature 

(a) If the Form is filed for an individual, it shall be signed by that person or specifically on behalf of the individual by a 

person authorized to sign for the individual. If signed on behalf of the individual by another person, the authority of such 

person to sign the Form shall be confirmed to the Commission in writing in an attachment to the Form or as soon as practicable 

in an amendment by the individual for whom the Form is filed, unless such a confirmation still in effect is on file with the 

Commission. The confirming statement need only indicate that the reporting person authorizes and designates the named 

person or persons to file the Form on the reporting person’s behalf, and state the duration of the authorization. 

(b) If the Form is filed for a corporation, partnership, trust, or other entity, the capacity in which the individual signed 

shall be set forth (e.g., John Smith, Secretary, on behalf of X Corporation). 

8. Amendments 

(a) If this Form is filed as an amendment in order to add one or more lines of ownership information to Table I or Table 

II of the Form being amended, provide each line being added, together with one or more footnotes, as necessary, to explain the 

addition of the line or lines. Do not repeat lines of ownership information that were disclosed in the original Form and are not 

being amended. 

(b) If this Form is filed as an amendment in order to amend one or more lines of ownership information that already 

were disclosed in Table I or Table II of the Form being amended, provide the complete line or lines being amended, as amended, 

together with one or more footnotes, as necessary, to explain the amendment of the line or lines. Do not repeat lines of 

ownership information that were disclosed in the original Form and are not being amended. 

(c) If this Form is filed as an amendment for any purpose other than or in addition to the purposes described in 

paragraphs (a) and (b) of this General Instruction 8, provide one or more footnotes, as necessary, to explain the amendment. 

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