Appendix B1

Area and Non-Nonroad Model 

Inventory Document

(Maryland Department of the Environment)
1

MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

AIR AND RADIATION MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION

State Implementation Plan

2011 Base Year SIP Emissions 

Inventory Methodologies

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Prepared By:

Maryland Department of the Environment
Maryland Department of the Environment

2011 Base Year Emissions Inventory Methodologies

 Maryland Department of the Environment

Air and Radiation Management Administration

1800 Washington Boulevard, Suite 730

Baltimore, Maryland 21230

Phone 410.537.3240 • Fax 410.631.3202
Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................4

2.0 POINT SOURCES........................................................................................................................5

2.1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................5

2.2 COMPILING THE POINT SOURCE LIST...................................................................................5

2.2.1 EMISSION CALCULATIONS..................................................................................................... 6

2.2.1.1 Seasonal Adjustments.................................................................................................................7

2.2.2 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR)......................................................................... 8

3.0 AREAS SOURCES.......................................................................................................................9

3.1 EMISSION ESTIMATION METHOD BY CATEGORY .............................................................9

3.1.1 PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION LOSSES................................................................................... 9

3.1.1.1 Tank Truck Unloading .............................................................................................................10

3.1.1.2 Stage II Refueling.....................................................................................................................15

3.1.1.3 Underground Tank Breathing...................................................................................................17

3.1.1.4 Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit ..............................................................................................20

3.1.1.5 Aviation Gasoline Distribution Stage 1 and Stage 2 ................................................................22

3.1.1.6 Petroleum Vessel Unloading Losses........................................................................................25

3.1.1.7 Portable Fuel Containers ..........................................................................................................30

3.1.2 STATIONARY SOURCE SOLVENT APPLICATION ............................................................ 36

3.1.2.1 Dry Cleaners.............................................................................................................................36

3.1.2.2 Industrial and Institutional Cleaning ........................................................................................38

3.1.2.3 Architectural Surface Coating ..................................................................................................42

3.1.2.4 Auto Refinishing ......................................................................................................................51

3.1.2.5 Traffic Markings.......................................................................................................................53

3.1.2.6 Industrial Surface Coating........................................................................................................57

3.1.2.7 Industrial Adhesives and Sealants............................................................................................61

3.1.2.8 Graphic Arts .............................................................................................................................64

3.1.2.9 Asphalt Paving and Roofing.....................................................................................................67

3.1.2.10 Synthetic Organic Chemical Storage Tanks.........................................................................70

3.1.2.11 Pesticide Application............................................................................................................70

3.1.2.12 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use ....................................................................................76

3.1.3 BIOPROCESS EMISSIONS SOURCES.................................................................................... 80

3.1.3.1 Bakeries....................................................................................................................................80

3.1.3.2 Breweries..................................................................................................................................83

3.1.3.3 Wineries....................................................................................................................................85

3.1.3.4 Distilleries.................................................................................................................................86

3.1.4 CATASTROPHIC/ACCIDENTAL RELEASES ....................................................................... 87

3.1.4.1 Oil Spills...................................................................................................................................87

3.1.4.2 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks / Soil Remediation........................................................89

3.1.5 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, TREATMENT, AND RECOVERY........................................... 91

3.1.5.1 On-site Incineration ..................................................................................................................91
3.1.5.2 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)...........................................................................92

3.1.5.3 Open Burning – Land Clearing Debris.....................................................................................94

3.1.5.4 Open Burning – Residential Municipal Solid Waste ...............................................................97

3.1.5.5 Open Burning – Residential Yard Waste ...............................................................................103

3.1.5.6 Cremation – Animal and Human............................................................................................109

3.1.5.7 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills............................................................................................112

3.1.6 SMALL STATIONARY SOURCE FOSSIL FUEL USE ........................................................ 114

3.1.6.1 Small Electric Utility Boilers .................................................................................................114

3.1.6.2 Other Fuel Consumption ........................................................................................................114

3.1.6.3 Fuel Oil Combustion ..............................................................................................................115

3.1.6.4 Coal Combustion....................................................................................................................120

3.1.6.5 Natural Gas Combustion ........................................................................................................127

3.1.6.6 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Combustion ...................................................................................131

3.1.6.7 Wood Combustion..................................................................................................................135

3.1.6.8 Commercial Cooking..............................................................................................................137

3.1.7 FUGITIVE SOURCES.............................................................................................................. 143

3.1.7.1 Residential Construction Activity ..........................................................................................143

3.1.7.2 Heavy Construction Activity..................................................................................................147

3.1.7.3 Road Construction Activity....................................................................................................150

3.1.7.4 Agricultural Land Preparation................................................................................................153

3.1.7.5 Paved Roads ...........................................................................................................................157

3.1.7.6 Unpaved Roads.......................................................................................................................162

3.1.8 FIRE SOURCES ....................................................................................................................... 171

3.1.8.1 Vehicle Fires...........................................................................................................................172

3.1.8.2 Forest Fires.............................................................................................................................174

3.1.8.3 Slash/Prescribed Burning .......................................................................................................174

3.1.8.4 Agricultural Burning ..............................................................................................................176

3.1.8.5 Structure Fires ........................................................................................................................176

3.1.8.6 Orchard Heaters......................................................................................................................178

3.1.9 AMMONIA SOURCES ............................................................................................................ 179

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 179

Emission Calculations Methodology......................................................................................................... 179

3.1.9.1 Agricultural Livestock Production Operations.......................................................................179

3.1.9.2 Dairy Cattle (cows).................................................................................................................180

3.1.9.3 Hogs and Pigs.........................................................................................................................182

3.1.9.4 Chickens (Pullets, Layers, Broilers, and Misc Poultry) .........................................................184

3.1.9.5 Sheep ......................................................................................................................................186

3.1.9.6 Goats (Angora and Milk)........................................................................................................188

3.1.9.7 Horses.....................................................................................................................................190

3.1.9.8 Ducks, Geese and Turkeys .....................................................................................................192

3.1.9.9 Agricultural Fertilizer Application .........................................................................................194

3.1.9.10 Human Breath and Perspiration..........................................................................................198

4.0 NONROAD SOURCES............................................................................................................199

4.1 NONROAD VEHICLES/ENGINES..........................................................................................199

4.2 RAILROADS .............................................................................................................................200
4.3 AIRCRAFT ................................................................................................................................206

4.3.1 Commercial Aircraft.................................................................................................................. 208

4.3.2 General Aviation ....................................................................................................................... 210

4.3.3 Military Aircraft ........................................................................................................................ 212

4.4 MARINE VESSELS...................................................................................................................214
4

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In 2012, U.S. EPA designated area nationwide as nonattainment for the new 8-Hour Ozone 

National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments 

(CAAA) requires all states to revise and submit State Implementation Plans (SIP) for areas 

classified as nonattainment of the NAAQS for ozone. 

As part of designation of nonattainment areas for the 8-hour ozone standard, a new attainment 

demonstration SIP will be necessary. A key element in the overall SIP planning process is the 

need for an updated emissions inventory. This document presents the 2011 Base Year Ozone 

SIP Emissions Inventory for Maryland as required by the CAAA of 1990. It includes NOx and 

VOC emissions for all anthropogenic emissions for the State of Maryland. Theses emissions are 

categorized as point, quasi-point, area, biogenic, on-road mobile and non-road mobile. 

This technical report documents the procedures and methodologies that were used in the 

development of summer day volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) 

emissions for all counties in Maryland. This report describes the following:

1. Identification of stationary and mobile sources included in the inventory;

2. Sources of data, and data collection methods used in the development of the inventory;

3. Methods and procedures used to estimate emissions

4. Assumptions considered in the development of the emissions inventories.

The intent of this report is to describe how the inventory was prepared and what information was 

considered in the inventory development. 

This document is comprised of six sections, one section for each source category type. 
5

2.0 POINT SOURCES

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The Maryland Department of the Environment Air and Radiation Management Administration 

(ARMA) is the lead agency responsible for compiling the point source emissions inventory, 

including identification of sources, documenting the method used to calculate emissions from 

each source, and presenting the findings. In order to provide EPA with a written documentation 

of emissions calculations for major point sources, confidential information was included in the 

documentation. It is included with the understanding that EPA is also bound to respect the 

confidentiality of the information, including appropriate storage of the information. Any 

contractors employed by EPA to review the inventory are also subject to confidentiality 

provisions, or the EPA must remove the confidential material before submitting the document for 

review. This information does not appear in copies prepared public review. 

The Maryland stationary point source inventory is the result of efforts to characterize air 

emissions sources since the early 1970's. This section describes data collection, verification and 

emission estimation methods used to estimate point source emissions from stationary sources. 

For the 2011 Periodic Emissions Inventory, point sources are defined as stationary commercial 

or industrial operations that emit more than 10 tons per year of volatile organic compounds 

(VOC); 100 tons per year of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter with 

an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10), and total suspended particulates 

(TSP); or 25 tons per year of oxides of nitrogen (NOx. In addition, stationary sources included in 

previous PEI submissions were included herein regardless of the amount of air pollutants 

emitted. These emissions criteria are more commonly referred to as “emissions thresholds” or 

simply, “thresholds.”

2.2 COMPILING THE POINT SOURCE LIST 

Maryland has a substantial database of both small and large air emission sources compiled over 

the last eighteen years. Since the thirteen central counties of Maryland and Baltimore City have 

been nonattainment for ozone since before 1982 and 80% of the state's population and major 

industrial sources lie within these counties, the database of over 10,700 sources (both above and 

below the point source thresholds) is reasonably complete. The list of point sources in this 

inventory was developed by applying the appropriate thresholds to the emission levels in the 

database to differentiate between point and area stationary sources. Sources with emission levels 

greater than the threshold or sources previously included in PEI submittals are by definition point 

sources while sources with emissions levels less than the thresholds are by definition area 

sources.

Several methods of source identification are used by ARMA to ensure the point source inventory 

is as complete as possible. The primary data source is the Permitting Program, which overseas 

the registration requirements found in Title 26, Subtitle 11, Chapter 02, Code of Maryland 
6

Regulations (COMAR). The Compliance Program identifies other point sources though annual 

facility inspections and through investigations conducted in response to citizen complaints.

The primary means of new source identification is the steady influx of permit applications and 

equipment registrations. Many sources are required by COMAR 26.11.02, Permits, Approvals 

and Registration, to register with ARMA. From 700 to 1,000 new sources are registered with the 

Department each year. Most of these sources are not considered to be point sources as defined 

for inventory purposes, even though they require permits. As an example, emissions from some 

sources can be less than one ton per year. However, all sources that are registered with the 

Department are tracked until the Department receives notification that the equipment or emission 

source has ceased operations. An emissions source or its equipment is not permanently deleted 

from the registration database until the installation is demolished. 

The Department has established a Small Business Assistance Program as required by the Clean 

Air Act Amendments to acquaint the owners of potential sources with the State’s permitting 

requirements, including air quality permits. The Department has also published a guidebook, 

Environmental Regulation: A Business Guide to the Maryland Department of the Environment's 

Permitting Process as part of its outreach program. 

A secondary means of new source identification are the emission sources identified by 

Compliance Program staff during annual field inspections of major point sources. During these 

inspections, unregistered equipment is sometimes discovered. Statewide response to the Air 

Pollution Report and the Air Quality Complaint Hotline, has also led to the discovery of 

previously unidentified emissions sources. Sources discovered in this manner may be the result 

of the citizen complaints, or the result of further investigation of visual evidence such as 

buildings, storage yards, visible emissions, etc., sighted elsewhere during the response.

2.2.1 EMISSION CALCULATIONS

The ARMA technical staff uses one of the following methodologies to calculate criteria pollutant 

emissions: 

 EPA-supplied emission factors

 EPA-supplied emission models

 Material balances

 Emissions based on source test data

 Agency or company-generated emission factors

The Compliance Program facility inspectors calculate annual emissions estimates following their 

annual facility inspections. The results are then entered into ARMA’s Registration Files for 

Facilities and Equipment, which lists facilities by premise numbers and equipment by 

registration numbers under each facility. Both the stack and fugitive emissions, from all 

registered equipment at a specific facility are summed to yield the annual facility emissions 
7

estimate. This total facility estimate is used to determine whether the facility satisfies the criteria 

for classification of as a point source.

The estimation of emissions on a facility-wide basis can result in emissions from equipment in 

some subcategories, such as boilers, being obscured. For example, boiler emissions are included 

in the Amerada Hess Corporation’s total emissions. Therefore, these boiler emissions are 

included with emissions from gasoline storage and handling operations and included in the 

Storage, Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Volatile Organic Liquids 

source category rather than in External Combustion Sources category.

Emissions from specific subcategories of sources can be extracted from the inventory to estimate 

possible reductions from various control strategies. However, the emissions from specific 

equipment subcategories cannot be excluded from the facility-wide emissions because of the 

limitations of the software used to create the Registration File. Therefore, subcategories of 

equipment emissions are not included in the inventory as separate line items for to do so would 

result in the double counting of those emissions.

The estimates prepared by the facility inspectors following the annual inspection of each facility 

are compared to the annual emissions reported by each facility in its Annual Emissions 

Certification. A person who owns or operates a major facility as defined in COMAR 

26.11.01.05-1 must submit to the Department an emissions statement by April 1 of each year for 

the previous calendar year. The owner or operator of the facility must further certify that the 

emissions statement is accurate to the best of the owner/operator’s best knowledge. After the 

certified emissions statements are logged in, they are thoroughly reviewed by the assigned 

facility inspectors. Each inspector compares their emissions estimate to that prepared by the 

respective company for consistency of methodology and final emissions estimate results. The 

facility inspectors resolve any discrepancies between the two estimates with the owner/operator 

of the facility in question. When all discrepancies are resolved to the satisfaction of MDE, the 

final emissions estimates are then submitted as an update to ARMA’s Registration File for 

Facilities and Equipment.

2.2.1.1 Seasonal Adjustments 

ARMA has collected extensive data for the temporal allocation of emissions. Companies send 

us annual, quarterly, monthly, and daily usage, activity, and emission estimates. More specific 

information allows allocation of emissions to time of day. 

In cases where the facilities did not provide peak ozone season emission estimates, the peak 

ozone season emissions were calculated by the following method and are included in the 

emissions summary tables, by county, at the end of this section: 

1) Annual emissions in pounds per year were converted into pounds per day emissions by 

dividing annual emissions by operating days, 

2) Pounds per day emissions were then multiplied by a seasonality factor, 
8

3) The seasonality factor was based on the quarterly percentage of operations estimated by 

the company adjusted for June, July, and August. 

4) The ratio obtained in Step 3 was multiplied by the daily emissions calculated in Step 1 to 

generate the seasonally adjusted emissions. 

2.2.2 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR)

MDE-ARMA compiled a 2011 point source emission inventory in order to satisfy EPA 

reporting requirements under the Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule. This will be the 

primary resource for developing refined estimates of PM2.5 and NH3 emissions. 
9

3.0 AREAS SOURCES

3.1 EMISSION ESTIMATION METHOD BY CATEGORY

3.1.1 PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

Evaporative emissions occur at all points in the gasoline distribution process. These operations, 

generally inventoried as area sources, are gasoline dispensing outlets and gasoline tank trucks in 

transit. Bulk terminals and gasoline bulk plants, which are intermediate distribution points 

between refineries and outlets, have been inventoried as point sources. Most gasoline dispensing 

outlets emit less than 10 tons of VOC per year and therefore have been inventoried using area 

source methods. 

VOC emissions from gasoline dispensing outlets result from vapor losses during tank truck 

unloading into underground storage tanks, vehicle fueling (boat fueling at marinas), and 

underground storage tank breathing. Evaporative losses from each activity in this source 

category have been tabulated separately so that various emission reduction control measures 

could be easily evaluated.

Emissions from vehicle fueling, including spillage during fueling, were calculated with the 

MOVES model and the methodology is described in Section 5.0 Mobile Sources. Tank truck 

unloading, underground tank breathing, tank trucks in transit and aircraft refueling were 

calculated using emissions factors from AP-42 and EIIP.
10

3.1.1.1 Tank Truck Unloading 

SCC: 25 01 060 053

25 01 060 051

Emissions from tank truck unloading are affected by whether the service station tank is equipped 

for submerged, splash or balance filling. Therefore calculations were based on the filling method 

used and gallons sold.

VOC and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is presented in EIIP1, Chapter 11, Gasoline 

Marketing, which extracts the emission factors from AP-42, Volume I, Table 5.2-7. 

Activity

The Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) 

provided annual gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and 

non-taxed gasoline purchased by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales 

are included in the taxable sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was 

allocated to the county level proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the 

county. Vehicle registration data was collected from the Maryland Department of 

Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration that supplied the data to MDE’s Mobile 

Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel fuel powered vehicle totals were 

subtracted from the Maryland and county registration numbers.

Percentages of submerged, balanced submerged and splash-fill tanks were determined with 

the assistance of MDE Waste Management. MDE staff reported no splash filling at 

Maryland service stations in 2011. All underground storage tanks within the nonattainment 

areas of the State of Maryland are required to use vapor-balance submerged filling 

methods. Waste Management's underground tank inspection program and regulations 

concerning underground storage tanks have eliminated splash-fill tanks in the state. A 

recent SSCD study determined that the rule effectiveness factor for vapor balance controls 

was 91%. 

An activity level of 7 days per week was used, based on observations by MDE staff of 

unloading at Maryland retail gas stations. A rule effectiveness of 91% was determined 

from a study of Stage I compliance performed in Regions III and IV by the MDE/ARMA 

enforcement program in 1991. In the attainment counties outside of Regions III and IV, a 

 

1 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description:

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources:
11

default rule effectiveness of 80 % was used. This survey data was used to determine the 

penetration of each filling technology. The total fuel sales in the county were multiplied 

by the fraction using each filling technology. The AP-42 technology-specific emission 

factors were then used to estimate emissions from submerged filling and balanced 

submerged filling. The emissions from each filling technology were summed to estimate 

total emissions. 

Filling Method Non-Attainment 

Area

Transport 

Region

Attainment Area

Submerged 9% 9% 20%

Balanced Submerged 91% 91% 80%

Splash 0% 0% 0%

Emission Factors

Emission factors are affected by true vapor pressure and temperature. Emissions from 

loading petroleum liquid can be estimated (with a probable error of ±30 percent) using the 

following expression2:

T

S P M

LL

* *

12.46*

where:

LL = loading loss, pounds per 1000 gallons (lb/103 gal) of liquid loaded 

(The loading loss is equivalent to an emission factor)

S = a saturation factor (see Table 5.2-1)

P = true vapor pressure of liquid loaded, pounds per square inch absolute (psia)

(see Figure 7.1-5, Figure 7.1-6, and Table 7.1-2)

M = molecular weight of vapors, pounds per pound-mole (lb/lb-mole) 

(see Table 7.1-2)

T = temperature of bulk liquid loaded, °R (°F + 460)

Table 5.2-1 from AP-42 shows that the saturation factor (S) is a constant for a specific 

petroleum liquid, carrier and type of loading service

The true vapor pressure (P) can be estimated from the Reid vapor pressure using the 

following equation:

The molecular weight varies slightly with temperature and pressure, however for this 

analysis it is assumed to be constant.

 

2 AP42, Chapter 5.2: Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Liquids

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  15.64

459.6

8742 2.013 log

459.6

2416

459.6

1042 *log 1.854

459.6

413.0

exp 0.7553 1 0

0.5

1 0

0.5

T

RVP

T

S

T

S RVP

T

P
12

Proportioning the loading factors yields

1* 2

2* 1

1

12.46* 1* 1* 1

2

12.46* 2* 2* 2

1

2

P T

P T

T

S P M

T

S P M

LL

LL

 

1* 2

2* 1

2 1*

P T

P T

LL  LL

The loading factor or emission factor is directly proportional to true vapor pressure and 

inversely proportional to temperature in degrees Rankin.

LL1 = 0.3 at RVP of 10 and 60 F; this yields LL1 =0.3; P =5.186; T=520 R

To calculate LL2 at RVP of 6.7 and 81.8 F or P = 5.094; T = 541.8 R

0.2828

5.186 *541.8

5.094 *520 0.3*

1* 2

2 * 1

2  1*  

P T

P T

LL LL

Initial emission factors of 0.3 lb VOC per 1000 gallons throughput for balanced submerged 

filling and 7.3 lb VOC per 1000 gallons throughput for submerged filling were used in all 

Maryland counties. These factors were then adjusted with county-specific monthly 

average temperature and true vapor pressure values using the above technique.

Filling Method Base Emission Factor

Lb. VOC per 1,000 gallon

Balanced Submerged 0.3

Submerged 7.3

Diesel Fuel Unloading 0.014

Emissions from Andrews Airforce Base were subtracted from Prince Georges County emission 

totals.

Controls for this source category are reflected in the emission factors.

Spatial

Spatial allocation source data was base on vehicle registration data that was provided 

through the Maryland Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration and 

source data supplied to MDE’s Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel 

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
13

fuel powered vehicle totals were subtracted from the Maryland and county registration 

numbers.

Temporal

Monthly temporal allocation activity data was provided through the Maryland Comptroller 

of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) provided annual gallons of 

gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and non-taxed gasoline purchased 

by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales are included in the taxable 

sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was allocated to the county level 

proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the county.

The equation for estimating emissions from tank truck unloading is:

Efj =

(Gi x Fi (fm) x EFfm) + (Gi x Fi (fm) x EFfm) Where: 2000 

Efj = Emissions of VOC in tons per day from tank truck unloading per county i

Gi = Gallons of gasoline sold in county i during 2011

Fi (fm) = Fraction of gasoline dispensed per county i per filling method (balanced 

submerged or submerged) during 2011

EFfm = Emission factor per filling method for tank truck unloading adjusted by RVP and 

temperature: 

(0.3 lb. VOC/1000 gallon throughput or 7.3 lb. VOC/1000 gallon throughput)

Tank Truck Unloading Sample Calculation (Carroll County)

To calculate fuel usage for Carroll County:

Filling Method

Carroll County 

Adjusted Emission Factor

Lb. VOC per 1,000 gallon

Balanced Submerged 0.2486

Submerged 6.0503

Diesel Fuel Unloading 0.014

Total fuel sold in Maryland in 20113 = 2,446,714,344 gallons

Allocate gallons of fuel sold to the county level by the 2011 county vehicle registration 

proportion:

 

3 Annual sales of gasoline from Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices)

Emissions 

Calculation
14

Carroll County vehicle registration4

=

160,603

= 0.0356 Total MD vehicle registration 4,512,010

G = 2,446,714,344 x 0.0356 = 87,089,715 gallons sold in Carroll County

EM = (G * Market % * EF adjusted / 1000) / 2000 

EMbs = balanced submerged emissions 

EMs = submerged emissions 

EMbs = (87,089,715 * 91% * 0.2486 / 1000) / 2000 = 9.85 tons VOC per year

EMs = (87,089,715 * 9% * 6.0503 / 1000) / 2000 = 23.71 tons VOC per year

 

4

State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration and MDE Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices).
15

3.1.1.2 Stage II Refueling

SCC: 25 01 060 100

Emissions from Stage II refueling are substantially less than those from Stage I because gasoline 

vapors that ordinarily might have escaped during vehicle fueling are re-circulated by a special 

nozzle back into the pump. The start year for Stage II refueling in all Maryland ozone 

nonattainment areas was 1993. Gasoline stations were required to have Stage II nozzles installed 

by November of that year. Calculations were based on the filling method used and gallons sold. 

VOC

EPA recommends that the MOVES model be used to generate refueling (Stage II) emission 

factors for highway vehicle emission inventories (EPA, 2003). The model, designed to support 

the evaluation of air pollution from gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, generates emission 

factors for tailpipe emissions and refueling activities. 

Activity

The MOVES model produces estimates of refueling emissions in units of grams per mile. 

These values are multiplied by fuel economy (in units of miles per gallon) and total 

gasoline sales (in units of gallons purchased/sold) in the study area resulting in refueling 

emissions in terms of grams. It should be noted that MOBILE makes use of improved 

predictive equations to calculate refueling emission factors, including sensitivity to 

temperature and Reid vapor pressure (RVP), and these have not yet been incorporated into 

published AP-42 factors for refueling. Additionally, the user may provide information on 

local Stage II emission controls to develop an emission factor for controlled emissions.

Refueling emissions have two mechanisms of introducing emissions to the environment: 

(1) vapor displacement from the vehicle fuel tank during refilling; and (2) gasoline spillage 

during refueling. The MOBILE user may request either a single emission factor that 

combines the two mechanisms or separate emission factors for displacement and spillage. 

Because both mechanisms should be taken into account when estimating refueling 

emissions, the preferred approach is to request the combined emission factor.

Emission Factors

ARMA mobile sources staff ran the MOVES2010b model to estimate the refueling 

emissions using the grams per mile (g/mile) methodology described above. The emission 

estimates were converted from grams to tons. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
16

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

Controls for this source category include Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems and Onboard 

Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) systems. The controls are reflected in the emission 

estimates produced by the (MOVES2010b) model.

Spatial

The MOBILE6.2 model spatially allocates input files specify state county-level gasoline 

sales data to spatially allocate emission estimates.

Temporal

The MOBILE6.2 model allocates monthly activity data per state county-level and national 

level estimates.

The equation for estimating emissions from tank truck unloading is:

EStII =

(Gi x EFStII x MPG x SAF) Where: 2000 

EStII = emissions of VOC in tons per day from stage II refueling

Gi = gallons of gasoline sold in county i during 2011

EFStII= emission factor for stage II refueling from the MOBILE6 model (grams/mile)

MPG= average fuel economy (miles/gallon)

SAF = seasonal adjustment factor to reflect summer weekday emissions

Stage II Refueling Sample Calculation 

Since all calculations are included in the MOBILE6.2 model output, a sample calculation is not 

available for this source category. 

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
17

3.1.1.3 Underground Tank Breathing 

SCC: 25 01 060 201

Underground tank breathing occurs when gasoline is drawn out of the tanks and into the pump 

lines. During this process air moves into the tank evaporating gasoline and emitting vapors. 

VOC and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is presented in EIIP5, Chapter 11, Gasoline 

Marketing, which extracts the emission factors from AP-42, Volume I, Table 5.2-7.

Activity

The Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) 

provided annual gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and 

non-taxed gasoline purchased by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales 

are included in the taxable sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was 

allocated to the county level proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the 

county. Vehicle registration data was collected from the Maryland Department of 

Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration that supplied the data to MDE’s Mobile 

Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel fuel powered vehicle totals were 

subtracted from the Maryland and county registration numbers.

Emission Factors

An emission factor of 1.0 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons throughput was used. The emission 

factor was taken from EIIP, Chapter 11, Gasoline Marketing, which extracts the emission 

factors from AP-42, Volume I, Table 5.2-7. Factors were adjusted with county-specific 

monthly average temperature and true vapor pressure values.

MDE used the same sources for gasoline sales and car registration as in tank truck 

unloading (see Appendices).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

 

5 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description:

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources:

Point Source 

Adjustments
18

Controls for this source category are reflected in the emission factors.

Spatial

Spatial allocation source data was base on vehicle registration data that was provided 

through the Maryland Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration and 

source data supplied to MDE’s Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices). Diesel 

fuel powered vehicle totals were subtracted from the Maryland and county registration 

numbers.

Temporal

Monthly temporal allocation activity data was provided through the Maryland Comptroller 

of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices) provided annual gallons of 

gasoline and diesel fuel sold. This data includes taxable and non-taxed gasoline purchased 

by the U.S. Government. State and local government sales are included in the taxable 

sales data. The statewide total of gallons of fuel sold was allocated to the county level 

proportional to the number of registered vehicles within the county.

The equation used to estimate emissions from underground tank breathing is:

Eutb =

(Gi x EFutb) Where: 2000

Eutb = emissions of VOC in tons per day from underground tank breathing and 

emptying

Gi = gallons of gasoline sold in county i during 2011

EFutb = emission factor for underground tank breathing (1.0 lbs. VOC/1000 gallon 

throughput)

Underground Tank Breathing Sample Calculation (Carroll County)

To calculate fuel usage for Carroll County:

Total fuel sold in Maryland in 20116 = 2,668,913 kgallons 

 

6 Annual sales of gasoline from Maryland Comptroller of the Treasury, Gasoline Tax Division (see Appendices)

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
19

Allocate gallons of fuel sold to the county level by the 2011 county vehicle registration

proportion:

Carroll County vehicle registration7

=

160,603

Total MD vehicle registration 4,512,010 = 0.0356

Gcarr = 2,668,913 x 0.0356 = 95,013 kgallons sold in Carroll County in 2011.

EFutb = 0.8288lbs. VOC/1000 gallon

Eutb =

(93,983 x 1000 x 0.8288 / 1000)

2000

Eutb = 39.37 tons VOC per year

 

7

State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration and MDE Mobile Sources Control Program (see Appendices).
20

3.1.1.4 Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit 

SCC: 25 05 030 120

Breathing losses from tank trucks during the transport of gasoline are caused by leaking delivery 

trucks, pressure in the tanks, and thermal effects on the vapor and on the liquid. A worst case 

situation arises if a poorly sealed tank has been loaded with gasoline and pure air becomes 

saturated. During the vaporization process, pressure increases and venting occurs. Emissions 

from this source category include the evaporation of petroleum vapor from:

 loaded tank trucks during transportation of gasoline from the bulk plant/terminal to the 

service station or other dispensing outlet, and

 from empty tank trucks returning from service stations to bulk plant/terminals

VOC

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is presented in EIIP8, Chapter 11, Gasoline 

Marketing (Stage I & Stage II), and dated September 1997. 

Activity

Emission Factors

EPA documents the emission factors in AP-42, Table 5.2-5 and EIIP states the emission 

factors within the above-referenced document in Table 11.3-1. The AP-42 emission 

factors represent a typical range of values. EIIP averages the “typical range values” within 

AP-42 and arrives at average emission factor values of 0.055 and 0.005 lbs. VOC per 1000-

gallon gasoline, respectively for emissions from empty tank trucks and emissions from full 

tank trucks.

Emission Source EIIP Table 11-3.1

Lb/1000 gallon

“Average”

AP-42 Table 5-2.5

Lb/1000 gallon

“Typical Range”

Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit

Empty Tank Trucks 0.055 0 - 0.11

Full Tank Trucks 0.005 0 - 0.01

MDE used the same sources for gasoline sales and car registration as in tank truck unloading 

(see Appendices). MDE used the emission factors from EIIP, Volume I, and Table 5.2-5, of 

0.06 pounds VOC per 1000 gallons throughput (combines 0.005 lb VOC /1000 gallon full tank 

 

8 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
21

truck delivery and 0.055 lb VOC /1000 gallon empty tank return). MDE also used a bulk 

facility throughput adjustment factor of 1.09 and calculated throughput by a ratio of county 

retail sales and state retail sales times state fuel sales. 

Emission Factors:

Full tank truck delivery 0.005 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons 

Empty tank truck return 0.055 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons 

Combined (full & empty) 0.060 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons

Bulk Facility Throughput Adjustment Factor: 1.09

Equation:

Ett =

(Gi x 1.09 x EFtt) Where: 2000 

Ett = emissions of VOC in tons per day from tank trucks in transit

Gi = thousand gallons of fuel sold in county i

EFtt = Combined (full & empty) tank trucks in transit emission factor

2011 Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit Sample Calculation (Carroll County)

To calculate fuel usage for Carroll County:

Total on-road and non-road fuel sold in Carroll County = 98,329 kgallons

G = 98,329 kgallons sold in Carroll County

Ett =

(98,329 x 1.09 x 0.06)

2000

Ett = 3.22 tons VOC per year emitted from tank trucks in transit in Carroll County.
22

3.1.1.5 Aviation Gasoline Distribution Stage 1 and Stage 2 

SCC: 25 01 080 050

25 01 080 100

In Stage I aviation gasoline (also called “AvGas”) used in small reciprocating piston-engines is 

shipped to airports for use in civil aviation. AvGas is first placed into bulk terminals, and then 

into tanker trucks. These filling processes will cause the displacement of vapors into the 

atmosphere during the transfer of gasoline from tank trucks to storage tanks, and vice versa.

Stage II is the transfer of fuel from the tanker trucks into general aviation aircraft; during this 

process vapors are also displaced into the atmosphere.

VOC, Pb (Lead), and HAPs

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No adjustments for controls.

Spatial

County-level AvGas fuel distributions reported through Energy Information 

Administration -EIA was spatial allocated for this sources.

Temporal

Annual county-level emissions from PAD-level AvGas consumption from EIA, 

Petroleum Supply Annual 2011 reports were temporally allocated for this sources. 

MDE staff used the methodology developed from the PECHAN/ERTAC Study, 2007, base on 

terminals using AvGas fuel activity assumptions data. 

Activity

MDE used selected data from the Department of Energy’s State Energy Data System 

obtain fuel consumption data. MDE used airport survey data and the Maryland Aviation 

Description

Pollutants

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Method and 

Data Sources
23

Administration’s 2011 Operations Count for Public-Use Airports to obtain operational 

counts. A few airports, such as Andrews Air Force Base, provided their own operations 

count (see Appendices).

Fuel Type Fuel Consumption 

(1,000 Gallons)

Commercial Jet 123,900

Aviation Gasoline 1,806

Military Jet 1,239

Emission Factors

Emission factors for AvGas distribution from came from the (TRC Environmental Corporation’s

Estimation of Alkylated Lead Emissions, Final Report, which was prepared for the U.S

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. RTP,

NC 1993. 

The emissions factors are separated by emissions source such as

EFtf = Aviation Gasoline from Tank Fill 

EFst = Aviation Gasoline from Storage Tank 

EFc = Aviation Gasoline from Composite 

EFbl = Aviation Gasoline from Breathing Losses 

Factors Not Used:

EFv = Aviation Gasoline from Valves (There are NO AvGas Facilities/Tank Farms in MD)

EFp = Aviation Gasoline from Pumps (There are NO AvGas Facilities/Tank Farms in MD)

EF Type VOC Emission Factors Units

Tank Fill 0.009021383 LB/GALLON AvGas

Storage Tank 0.003605215 LB/GALLON AvGas

Composite 0.010306575 LB/GALLON AvGas

Breathing Losses 0.001694117 LB/GALLON AvGas

Valves Not Used 0.573201882 LB/VALVE*DAY

Pumps Not Used 5.952481079 LB/SEAL*DAY

EFsum (Sum of Factors Used) 0.024627290 LB/GALLON AvGas

Tanker to Truck Transfer Stage II 0.0136 LB/GALLON AvGas
24

Emission Estimate Equation: County Level

EM = EFsum x Fraction of LTOs x

Amount of 

Aviation Gasoline

EM i = EFsum x (CA i / SA i) x Fi

Where: 

Fi = County aircraft fuel use

CA i= County aircraft activity (LTO)

SA i = State aircraft activity (LTO)

EFsum i = Sum of Factors Used

EM i= specific county (i) emissions from aircraft refueling in tons VOC per year 

2011 Sample Calculation for Stage I AvGas Distribution (Allegany County)

F_ Allegany = 1,806,000 gallons

Fraction of LTOs =

EFsum _Allegany Stage I = 0.0246272899 lb/gal AvGas

EM _Allegany = (0.0246272899 x 0.0176 x 1,806,000)/2000 = 0.39 tons VOC /year 

2011 Sample Calculation for Stage II AvGas Distribution (Allegany County)

F_ Allegany = 1,806,000 gallons 

Fraction of LTOs =

EFsum _Allegany Stage II = 0.0136 lb/gal AvGas

EM _Allegany = (0.0136 x 0.0176 x 1,806,000)/2000 = 0.22 tons VOC /year 

CA_ Allegany

=

15,561

= 0.0176 SA 882,301

CA_ Allegany

=

15,561

= 0.0176 SA 882,301
25

3.1.1.6 Petroleum Vessel Unloading Losses 

SCC:

Petroleum liquids are transported via ships and barges, and on-land transportation. The

procedures discussed below relate to marine transport of petroleum liquids. This category does 

not include emissions from fuel consumed by vessels while in transit or in port. Evaporative 

VOC emissions from ocean going ships and barges carrying petroleum liquids result from 

loading losses, ballasting losses and transit losses. Petroleum liquids are classified into groups 

which are represented by crude oil, gasoline, jet naphtha, distillate oil/kerosene, or residual oil. 

Loading and ballasting losses do not occur with pipeline transport of petroleum products (AP-42, 

Section 5.2).

Loading losses occur as organic vapors in “empty” cargo tanks are displaced to the atmosphere 

by the liquid being loaded into the tanks. These vapors are a composite of vapors formed in three 

ways:

 Vapors which are formed in the “empty” tank by evaporation of residual product from 

previous loads;

 Vapors transferred to the tank from a vapor balance system that was used when the 

previous load was being unloaded; and

 Vapors generated in the tank as the new product is being loaded.

Loading losses are usually the largest source of evaporative emissions from petroleum vessels

(EPA, 1996).

Ballasting losses are associated with the unloading of petroleum liquids at marine terminals and 

refinery loading docks. It is common practice to load several cargo tank compartments with sea 

water after the cargo has been unloaded. This water, called “ballast,” improves the stability of the 

empty tanker during the subsequent voyage. Ballasting emissions occur as vapor-laden air in the 

empty cargo tank is displaced to the atmosphere by ballast water being pumped into the tank.

Transit losses are similar to breathing losses associated with petroleum storage. Transit loss is 

the expulsion of vapor from a vessel compartment through vapor contraction and expansion, 

which are the result of changes in temperature and barometric pressure. This loss may be 

accompanied by slight changes in the level of the liquid in the tank due to liquid expansion or 

contraction due to the temperature change. Some ships are equipped with controls for these 

losses.

2505020030 crude oil 

2505020090 distillate oil

2505020120 Gasoline

2505020150 jet naphtha

2505020060 residual oil

2505020180 kerosene

Description
26

VOC

Activity

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC) is presented in EIIP9, Chapter 12, 

Marine Vessel Loading, Ballasting and Transit, dated May 1998.

A significant part of the emissions from this source are from the Eastern Shore of 

Maryland because petroleum products are delivered to this area by barge rather than by 

pipeline as in the rest of the state. To compile emissions MDE used guidance in EIIP, 

Chapter 12, Marine Vessel Loading, Ballasting and Transit and emissions factors from 

EIIP Table 12.4-5, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Waterways and Harbors 

Atlantic Coast, Part 1, 2010 data, and AP-42, Table 7.1-2 liquid densities. Waterborne 

Commerce supplied tonnage and type of petroleum products delivered to the various ports 

in Maryland for the year 2010 (see Appendices). Tonnages of petroleum delivered were 

converted into Kgal.s (1000 gallons) and then used to calculate emissions.

Factors

UNCONTROLLED VOC EMISSION FACTORS FOR PETROLEUM CARRYING 

MARINE VESSELS (EPA, 1996)

Petroleum 

Liquid

Ship/Ocean 

Vessel Loading

(Lbs. VOC per 

1,000 gallons 

Transferred)

Barge Loading 

(Lbs. VOC per 

1,000 gallons 

Transferred)

Ballasting 

(Lbs. VOC per 

1,000 gallons 

Transferred)

Transit 

(Lbs. VOC per 

1,000 gallons 

Transferred)

Crude Oil 0.61 1 1.1 1.3

Gasoline 1.8 3.4 0.8 2.7

Jet Naphtha / 

Other 0.5 1.2 NA 0.7

Distillate Oil / 

Kerosene

0.005 0.012 NA 0.005

Residual Oil 4 x 10 -59 x 10 –5 NA 3 x 10 -5

 

9 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
27

Data obtained from sources such as the Waterborne Commerce of the United States are typically 

provided in terms other than 1,000 gallons (Mgal) as is required in EIIP Equation 12.4-1 and 

must be converted. Equation 12.4-3 can be used to convert units from 1,000 ton (Mtons) to Mgal.

Where:

PP V = (PP M / d) x (2,000 lb/ton) x (Mgal/1,000 gallons) x (1,000 tons/Mtons)

PP V = Amount of petroleum liquid (Mgal)

PP M = Amount of petroleum liquid (Mtons)

d = Density of petroleum liquid; see Table 7.1-2 in AP-42 (lb/gallon)

Density10

(lb/gal)

Distillate Oil 7.10

Residual Oil 7.90

Gasoline 5.60

Kerosene 7.00

Crude Oil 7.10

Jet Naphtha 6.40

If controls exist, then control efficiency can be calculated:

PP C = PP U x (1 - CE/100)

Where:

PP C = Controlled emissions (tons) 

PP U = Uncontrolled emissions (tons)

CE = Control efficiency (%)

Equation:

PVP =

[(SOEFP x PPS,P) + (BREFP x PPB,P) + (BLEFP,U x 0.20 x PPBL,P) + (TREFP x 

PPT,P)]

2000

Where: 

PVP : Total VOC emissions from petroleum vessel loading, ballasting, and transit 

for each of the petroleum liquids (p) transported: crude oil, gasoline, kerosene, 

distillate oil, and residual oil (tons)

SOEFP: Ship/ocean vessel loading emission factor (pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons 

transferred)

 

10 AP-42, Table 7.1-2
28

PPS,P: Amount of petroleum liquid (p) loaded into ships and ocean vessels in the 

inventory region (1,000 gallons)

BREFP: Barge vessel loading emission factor (pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons 

transferred)

PPB,P: Amount of petroleum liquid (p) loaded into barges in the inventory region 

(1,000 gallons)

BLEFP,U : Ballasting emission factor (pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons water ballasted)

PPBL,P: Amount of petroleum liquid (p) unloaded from vessels that are ballasted 

(1,000 gallons)

TREFP : Vessel transit emission factor (pounds VOC per week per 1,000 gallons 

transferred)

PPT,P: Amount of petroleum liquid (p) transported by marine vessels in the inventory 

region (1,000 gallons)

2011 Petroleum Vessel Unloading Losses Sample Calculation (Gasoline – Baltimore City

Gallons (in Thousands) of Petroleum Shipped in Baltimore Harbor

Crude Oil Distillate 

Oil

Gasoline Jet 

Naphtha

Residual 

Oil

Kerosene

Baltimore 

City

5,634 10,986 329,286 625 405,316 241,143

Tonnage of distillate oil shipped in Baltimore Harbor (from Waterborne Commerce of the U.S., 

2010) were converted in thousands of gallons (Kgal.s) and then used to calculate emissions. 

Vessel Loading Emissions

For vessel loading operations, 90 percent of the total throughput was loaded at terminals with a 

control system of 95 percent efficiency. According to the local port authorities, transit time in the 

inventory area is two days (2/7 of a week). Emissions for each emission point are calculated 

using Equation 12.4-1 and the emission factors from Table 12.4-5. In this example, emissions for 

each emission point are calculated separately and then totaled. Note that CE is applied to vessel 

loading emissions, and transit emissions are apportioned to two days per week by multiplying 

emissions by 2/7.

Baltimore City:

Vessel Loading gas = 0.00 Kgal

Barge Loading gas = 0.00 Kgal

Ballasting gas = 0.00 Kgal

Transit gas = 329,286 Kgal

Baltimore gas Total = (0.00 + 0.00 + 0.00 + 329,286) = 329,286 Kgal
29

Vessel Loading (gasoline) emissions are calculated:

PV GAS = [(1.8 lbs VOC/Kgal) x (0.00 Kgal/yr) x {0.10 + [0.9 ( 1 – 95/100)]}÷ 2,000 lb/ton

PV GAS = 0.00 tons/year

Barge Loading emissions are calculated:

PV GAS = [(3.4 lbs VOC/Kgal) x (0.00 Kgal/yr)] ÷ 2,000 lb/ton

PV GAS = 0.00 tons/year

Ballasting emissions are calculated:

PV GAS = [(0.8 lbs VOC/Kgal) x (0.00 Kgal/yr) x (0.20)] ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton

PV GAS = 0.00 tons/year

Note that the calculation for ballasting emissions in the equation includes a correction term of 

0.20. This correction term reflects the practice of loading a ship or barge at some fraction of 

capacity when ballasting.

Transit emissions are calculated:

According to the Maryland Port Authorities transit time is 6 hours out of 24 or 25% during a 

week (7 days).

PV GAS = (2.7 lbs VOC/Kgal) x (329,286 Kgal/yr) x (0.25/7wk) ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton

PV GAS = 15.88 voc tons/year 

Total VOC emissions are calculated as follows:

Total VOC = 0.00 tons/year + 0.00 tons/year + 0.00 tons/year + 15.88 tons/year

Total VOC = 15.88 tons/yr 
30

3.1.1.7 Portable Fuel Containers 

SCC: 25 01 011 011 (Residential – Permeation)

25 01 011 012 (Residential – Diurnal)

25 01 011 013 (Residential – Transport)

25 01 011 014 (Residential – Refiling At The Pump - Vapor Displacement)

 25 01 011 015 (Residential – Refiling At The Pump - Spillage)

25 01 012 011 (Commercial – Permeation)

25 01 012 012 (Commercial – Diurnal)

25 01 012 013 (Commercial – Transport)

 25 01 012 014 (Commercial – Refiling At The Pump - Vapor Displacement)

 25 01 012 015 (Commercial – Refiling At The Pump - Spillage)

Portable fuel containers (PFCs) store and transport fuel from gasoline service stations to 

residential homes and businesses. Emissions from PFC use include: 

 Permeation Emissions, which are produced after fuel has been stored long enough in a 

can for fuel molecules to infiltrate and saturate the can material.

 Diurnal Emissions, which result when stored fuel vapors escape to the outside of a gas 

can through any possible openings while the gas can is subjected to daily cycle of 

increasing and decreasing ambient temperatures. Diurnal emissions are dependent on the 

closed- or open-storage condition of a gas can.

 Transport Emissions arise when fuel escapes (e.g., spills, etc.) from gas cans that are in 

transit.

 Equipment Refueling Emissions results when fuel escapes (e.g., spillage, vapor 

displacement) during the refueling of nonroad equipment; however these emissions are 

handled by EPA’s NONROAD model. Activity data from the NONROAD model were 

used to estimate these emissions (described below).

Both residential and commercial PFCs are included. The SCCs for PFCs are also new and are 

shown above.

VOC

The method used to calculate emissions (all VOC), is adopted from a CARB11 survey and 

methodology adopted by OTC12. 

 

11 ARB’s Mailout MSC 99-25, “Public Meeting to Consider Approval of CA’s Portable Gasoline-Container 

Emissions Inventory, “ (ARB, 199b)

12 Control Measure Development Support Analysis of Ozone Transport Commission Model Rules, E.H. PECHAN 

& Associates, Inc. 5528-B Hempstead Way, Springfield, VA 22151, March 31, 2001.

Description

Pollutants

Method Data 

Sources and 
31

Portable fuel container emissions are calculated by accounting for emissions from five different 

components related to gas container use: permeation, diurnal, transport-spillage, refueling 

spillage and refueling vapor displacement emissions. The permeation, diurnal emissions 

(associated with storage) and transport-spillage (associated with filling the can) emissions are 

included in the area source inventory. The equipment refueling spillage and refueling vapor 

displacement emissions are calculated from the non-road model and are included in the non-road 

inventory

Activity

The following input data is required to calculate emissions for this source category.

1. Rather than assuming that the numbers of PFCs per household and per business were 

consistent across the entire State, MDE used EPA’s non-road emissions model 

(NONROAD2005) to estimate nonroad consumption of gasoline by county by source 

category classification (SCC) code. Each SCC code has a unique usage (commercial 

versus residential), a unique ratio of the percent of fuel dispensed from PFCs * The 

previous draft version of this report (EPA420-D-06-003) was based on estimates from the 

draft NONROAD2004 model.(versus from fuel pumps), and a unique spillage rate 

(grams per gallon). 

2. Number of commercial businesses

13 2002 expected to have at least one gas can by county, 

NAICS 11, 23, 31, 32, 33, 411, 447, 45299, 484, 488, 493, 53131, 5321, 532291, 5323, 

5324, 54132, 54162, 54169, 56173, 71391, 71393, 7212, 811, and 81293. 

3. MDE was able to estimate by county by source category classification (SCC) code the 

total quantity of gasoline supplied from PFCs as well as the total spillage (from using the 

PFCs to refuel the individual pieces of equipment) for residential usage and for 

commercial usage. For example, running the NONROAD2005 model for calendar year 

2011 produced the following estimates (obtained by summing the individual state-bystate estimates).

Emission Factors

Separate emission factors were developed for permeation, diurnal, transport and spillage 

emissions for PFC (both for commercial and residential PFCs). These emission factors 

were derived from CARB’s survey data (CARB, 1999).

Because the application of architectural surface coating is defined as an area source, there is no 

need to subtract point source emissions from the total, and all emissions estimated for this source 

are area source emissions. 

 

13 Total 2011 employment and business establishments by 6 digit NAICS code and by county, County Business 

Patterns

Point Source 

Adjustments
32

Maryland’s COMAR 26.11.13.07 rule regulates control adjustments of VOC emissions from 

portable fuel containers (PFC’s) that requires performance standards for PFCs and/or spouts that 

will reduce emissions do to storage, transport, and refueling activities. (2011 control efficiency 

of 65% and a control factor of 35.75%). COMAR web link: 

http://www.dsd.state.md.us/comar/title_search/Title_List.aspx

Spatial

For the residential PFC SCCs, emissions were allocated to the local area level based on a 

housing surrogate. Commercial PFC emissions were allocated to the local area level based 

on commercial and industrial business location. 

Temporal

For the residential PFC SCCs, the emissions were allocated based on the monthly and 

weekday/weekend day temporal profiles for residential lawn and garden equipment in the 

NONROAD model. For the commercial PFC SCCs, these emissions were allocated based 

on temporal profiles for the NONROAD model engines used in commercial applications.

The equation used to estimate emissions from portable fuel containers is:

Equation:

The residential-gas-can population is calculated as follows:

PopR = (N)*(A)*(CountR) (Eq. 1)

where: PopR = Statewide Residential-Gas-Can Population

N = Number of Occupied-Housing Units in OTC State

A = Percentage of Households with Gas Cans (46%)

CountR= Average Number of Residential-Gas Cans per Household

Statewide residential-gas-can-permeation emissions are computed as follows:

HCPR =  (PopR)*(S)*(EFP)*(BR)*(SizeR)*(Level)/CF (Eq. 2)

where: HCPR = Permeation Emissions in tons per day (tpd) 

PopR = Statewide Residential-Gas-Can Population

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
33

EFP = Appropriate Permeation-Emission Factor (g/gal-day)

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70%)

BR = Percentage of Cans Stored in Closed Condition with respect to 

Material (Plastic 53%; Metal 13%)

SizeR = Weighted Average Capacity of Residential-Gas Cans (2.34 gal.)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49%)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

Diurnal emissions from both open- and closed-system-residential-gas cans are calculated as 

follows:

HCDR = (PopR)*(S)*(EFD)*(BR)*(SizeR)*(Level) (Eq. 3)

Where: HCDR = Diurnal Emissions (tpd) for Residential-Gas Cans with respect to 

Storage Condition (Open or Closed) and Material (Plastic or 

Metal) 

PopR = Statewide Residential-Gas-Can Population

S = Percentage of Gas-Can Population Stored with Fuel (70%)

EFD = Appropriate Diurnal-Emission Factor with respect to Storage 

Condition and Material (g/gal-day or g/day)

BR = Percentage of Gas-Can Population with respect to Storage 

Condition and Material 

SizeR = Weighted Average Capacity of Residential-Gas Cans (2.34 gal.)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49%)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

Residential-transport-spillage emissions are determined as:

HCTR = (PopR)*(S)*(RefillR)*(EFT)*(BR) (Eq. 4)

Where: HCTR = Residential-Gas-Can-Transport-Spillage Emissions (tpd)

PopR = Statewide Residential-Gas-Can Population 

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70%)

RefillR = Average Number of Residential-Gas-Cans-Pump-Refills per Day 

per Can (refill/day from survey)

EFT = Transport-Emission Factor with respect to Storage Condition 

(g/refill)

BR = Percentage of Gas Cans with respect to Storage Condition and 

Material

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The commercial-gas-can population is calculated as follows:

PopC = (NC)*(CountC) (Eq. 5)
34

Where: PopC = Statewide Commercial-Gas-Can Population

NC = Number of Occupied Businesses in State

CountC= Average Number of Gas Cans per Business

Statewide commercial-gas-can-permeation emissions are computed as follows:

HCPC =  (PopC)*(S)*(EFP)*(BC)*(SizeC)*(Level) (Eq. 6)

Where: HCPC = Permeation Emissions (tpd) 

PopC = Statewide Commercial-Gas-Can Population

EFP = Appropriate Permeation-Emission Factor (g/gal-day)

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% for Residential 

Survey)

BC = Percentage of Applicable Gas Cans Stored in Closed Condition 

SizeC = Weighted Average Capacity of Commercial-Gas Cans (3.43 gal)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49% from Residential 

Survey)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The amount of diurnal emissions from both open- and closed-system commercial-gas cans is 

calculated as follows:

HCDC = (PopC)*(S)*(EFD)*(BC)*(SizeC)*(Level) (Eq. 7)

Where: HCDC = Diurnal Emissions (tpd) for Commercial-Gas Cans with respect to 

Storage Condition (Open or Closed) and Material (Plastic or 

Metal) 

PopC = Statewide Commercial-Gas-Can Population

EFD = Appropriate Diurnal-Emission Factor with respect to Storage 

Condition and Material (g/gal-day or g/day) 

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% from Residential 

Survey)

BC = Percentage of Gas Cans with respect to Storage Condition and 

Material 

SizeC = Weighted Average Capacity of Commercial-Gas Cans (3.43 gal.)

Level = Weighted Average Amount of Stored Fuel (49% from Residential 

Survey)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The non-lawn-and-garden-equipment commercial-gas-can refills at the pump is derived as 

follows:

 

     



















SIZE POP S

Fuel

REFILL

C NON

C

* *

(Eq. 8)
35

Where: RefillC = Average Number of Non-Lawn-and-Garden Equipment 

Commercial-Gas-Cans Pump Refills per Day per Can (refill/day)

Fuel = Non-Lawn-and-Garden Equipment Fuel Consumption (gal/day) for 

2000

SizeC = Weighted Average Capacity of Commercial-Gas Cans (3.43 

gal/can-refill)

POPNON = Statewide Commercial-Gas-Can Population with respect to NonLawn-and-Garden Businesses 

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% from Residential 

Survey)

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The commercial-transport-spillage emissions are determined as:

HCTC = (PopC)*(S)*(BC)*(RefillC)*(EFTC) (Eq. 9)

Where: HCTC = Commercial-Gas-Can-Transport-Spillage Emissions (tpd)

PopC = Statewide Commercial-Gas-Can Population

S = Percentage of Gas Cans Stored with Fuel (70% from Residential 

Survey)

BC = Percentage of Gas Cans with respect to Storage Condition and 

Material 

RefillC = Average Number of Gas-Cans Pump Refills per 

Day per Can

EFTC = Transport-Spillage Emission Factor (g/refill) with respect to 

Storage Condition

CF = 907,184.5844 g/ton

The total area source portable fuel container emissions are summed as follows:

EPFC - A = HCPR+HCDR+HCTR+HCPC+HCDC+HCTC

EPFC - SD = EPFC - A *SAF//ADDF

Where:

EPFC - A = (tons/yr) for an annual emission of pollutant by county

EPFC - SD = (tons/day) for a typical summer day emission of pollutant 

AADF = Annual activity day factor (WAF * 52 weeks/year)

SAF = Seasonal adjustment factor
36

3.1.2 STATIONARY SOURCE SOLVENT APPLICATION

3.1.2.1 Dry Cleaners 

SCC: 24 20 000 000

Dry-Cleaning facilities utilize solvents in their cleaning process which causes the emission of 

VOCs into the air. 

VOC 

Emissions from the dry-cleaning process were estimated by taking county employment and 

adjusted employment numbers from dry-cleaning and multiplying them by a given per capita 

emission factor for VOCs. 

Activity

The County Business Patterns reports employment data for the counties of Maryland. 

Employment data is listed by the North American Industrial Classification Standard (NAICS) 

code(s) (81231, 81232, and 81233) that are used to determine county-level employment. 

Employment data collected was allocated to each county using County Business Patterns

employment data for 2010 for the counties of Maryland. County Business Patterns internet 

addresses (http://censtats.census.gov/cgi-bin/cbpnaic/cbpsel.pl). Midpoint adjustments were 

determined for counties which had employment given a letter range.

Emission Factor

Emission factors for dry cleaning came from 2008 Emission Inventory Data & 

Documentation (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) Nonpoint section 

for Dry Cleaning: in Table 2, created by EPA and ERTAC committee through a joint 

study. 

VOC = 10 lbs per person. 

None

None

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Source

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls
37

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Emissions are calculated for each county using emission factors and activity as:

Ex,y = EMPx × EFy

where:

Ex,y = annual emissions for county x and pollutant y

EMPx = employment data associated with county x

EFy = emission factor for pollutant y

2011 Sample Calculation Dry-Cleaning Emissions (Anne Arundel County)

EAllegany = EMPAllegany × EFvoc 

EAllegany = 440 person × 10 lbs voc/person 

EAllegany = 4,400 lbs. voc 

EAllegany = 2.2 tons voc per year

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
38

3.1.2.2 Industrial and Institutional Cleaning

SCC: 24 15 300 000

Industrial and Institutional Cleaning (Cold Cleaning Degreasing) is seen primarily at auto repair 

stations or manufacturing facilities, where solvents at room temperature (or slightly warmed) are 

used to clean parts via immersion or rinsing.

Industrial and Institutional Cleaning are usually individually small emission sources and because 

they are widely scattered and frequently used, they are most easily treated as area sources. If they 

are collocated at a major source, they may be included in the point source inventory and those 

emissions will need to be subtracted from the area source estimate.

There are two basic types of cleaning machines: batch and in-line cleaning machines (also called 

continuous cleaning machines). Both of these equipment types are designed to use solvent to 

clean parts. The solvent is either used to clean in its non-vapor liquid form (at a temperature 

below the boiling point, referred to as cold cleaning), or heated to a temperature above its boiling 

point (referred to as vapor cleaning). Other solvent cleaning operations involve the use of solvent 

in wipe-cleaning and equipment cleanup. Emissions from solvent cleaning machines can also be 

considered to be point sources; therefore, the estimation process for the source category must 

take this into account to prevent double counting of emissions. Additionally, emissions from 

solvent cleanup may be included as a part of an industry- or process-specific emission estimate.

VOC and HAP (Trichloroethylene – 79016)

MDE staff used the methodology developed from the PECHAN/ERTAC Study, 2007, base on 

emplacement activity data and method documented in EIIP14, Chapter 6, Solvent Cleaning, dated 

September 1997 to emission estimation for this source category. 

Activity

The County Business Patterns reports employment data for the counties of Maryland. 

Employment data is listed by the North American Industrial Classification Standard 

(NAICS) code(s) that are used to determine county-level employment. Employment data

collected was allocated to each county using County Business Patterns employment data 

for 2010 for the counties of Maryland. County Business Patterns internet addresses 

(http://censtats.census.gov/cgi-bin/cbpnaic/cbpsel.pl).

 

14 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Source
39

An activity level of 6 days a week with no seasonal adjustment factor was used as 

recommended in the EIIP document. Solvent storage and recycling centers such as Safety 

Kleen are included in the point source inventory. The 2010 County Business Patterns 

employment data for Maryland by county is listed in the appendices. A 2002 reduction 

factor (Phase II Attainment Plan for the Baltimore Nonattainment Area and Cecil County) 

of 53.60% was applied to the calculated emissions. This factor combines reductions from 

technology rules and good housekeeping practices and the application of rule effectiveness 

as shown below:

Reduction factor = (control efficiency) x (rule effectiveness) x (rule penetration)

Reduction factor = 0.67 x 0.80 x 1.00

Reduction factor = 0.5360

Emission Factor

Table 6.5-2 of the EIIP document lists a total emission factor of 87 lbs. VOC per employee 

per year for solvent cleaning operations. The emission factor for the HAPs 

Trichloroethylene – 79016 was developed from the PECHAN/ERTAC Study, 2007. The 

study included a HAP Trichloroethylene emission factor base on a percent weight factor of 

total solvent VOC which is 0.00686. This percent weight factor of total solvent VOC was 

multiply by the total emission factor of 87 lbs. VOC per employee per year and divided by 

100 that resulted in Trichloroethylene emission factor of 0.59685 lbs. Trichloroethylene

/yr/employee.

Factors

Ecc = 87 lbs VOC per employee per year for cold cleaning degreasers

CEcc = 67%

REcc = 80%

RPcc = 100%

Note:

Emissions from this source category have increased because of a change in the emission factor 

and emission estimation methodology. In previous emission inventories, only cold cleaning 

degreasing operations were considered an area source and open top and conveyor degreasing 

operations were considered point sources that were listed in the MDE/ARMA registration files. 

No point source emissions were then subtracted from the area source inventory. MDE 

previously used an emission factor from AP-42, Section 4.6 – Solvent Degreasing, Table 4.6-1

15

. 

This table reports a 4.0 lbs. VOC per capita emission factor that includes 25 percent non-reactive 

VOCs, yielding an effective emission factor of 3.0 lbs. VOC per capita. A 1996 reduction factor 

of 0.70 was applied to the calculated emissions (rule effectiveness was not applied). This factor 

 

15 Non-methane VOC Emissions from small cold cleaning degreasing operations
40

combines reductions from technology rules and good housekeeping practices. In effect, MDE 

increased the emission factor from 3.0 to 4.3. 

Solvent cleaning emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted from the 

area source inventory to avoid double counting.

Maryland has adopted a cold and vapor degreasing regulation (COMAR 26.11.19.09). The 

regulation mandates that all cold degreasing material must have a vapor pressure less than or 

equal to 1 mm Hg at 20 degrees centigrade after May 15, 1996. The regulation also requires that 

good operating practices be implemented to minimize VOC losses. MDE estimates a 67 percent 

control efficiency for this control. 

Spatial

CBP employment data was spatial allocation for this source.

Temporal

Annual employment data through CBP for temporal was allocate for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from cold cleaning/degreasing is:

Equation:

 C C C C C C  PtSourceCC

j cc

C C CE RE RP E

EMPL EF E 













 * 1 ( * * )

2000

*

Where:

Ecc = Emissions of VOC in tons/day from cold cleaners

EMPLj = 2010 employment of county j 

EFcc = VOC emissions factor for cold cleaning degreasing

CEcc = Control efficiency for cold cleaning degreasing

REcc = Rule Effectiveness for cold cleaning degreasing

RPcc = Rule Penetration for cold cleaning degreasing

E PtSourceCC = Point Source Emissions from cold cleaning degreasing

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
41

2011 Sample Calculation for Cold Cleaning Degreasing Products Industrial and Institutional 

(Baltimore County)

(22,80916 employee x 87 lbs. VOC /employee/year)/(tons/2000 lbs.) = 992 tons VOC /year emitted.

Converting to tons per day: 992 / (312 operating days per year17) = 3.18 tons VOC per day emitted 

(there is no seasonal adjustment18).

To adjust for controls

992 tons VOC /year x [1 – (0.67 x 0.80 x 1.00)] = 460.38 tons VOC / year emitted with 2002

controls applied

 

16 County Business Patterns 2010 employment data for Maryland by Counties (see appendices)

17 6 days per week operation from EIIP

18 No seasonal adjustment from EIIP
42

3.3.2.3 Surface Coating

Surface coating includes paints, enamels, varnishes, lacquers and other product finishes. Some 

of those coatings contain a solvent-based liquid carrier; others use a water-based liquid carrier 

but still contain a small portion of solvents. Solvents are also used to clean up painting 

equipment. The primary types of surface coating applications are architectural coatings, 

automobile refinishing and traffic paints. 

3.1.2.3 Architectural Surface Coating 

SCC: 24 01 002 000 (Solvent-based)

SCC: 24 01 003 000 (Water-based)

Architectural surface coating is an area source that occurs from homeowners and contractors 

painting homes, buildings and signs. 

VOC

MDE staff used an alternative per capita emission estimation method documented in EIIP19, 

Chapter 3, Architectural Surface Coating, dated November 1995. The document provides an 

outline for developing a per capita usage factor, and for using that usage factor and an emission 

factor to calculated a VOC emission estimate. 

Activity

Determine the per capita usage factor by dividing the national total architectural surface 

coating quantities20 for solvent- and water-based coatings by the U.S. population21 for that 

year.

Per Capita Usage Factor Development

The table below shows a portion of Table 2 from the U.S. Bureau of Census MA325F(10)-

1 - Paint and Allied Products 2010. This section of the table summarizes the market 

information available on architectural coatings for the year of 2010. In the table, types of 

paints are identified as being either solvent- or water-based paints, except for the two 

types listed as Architectural Lacquers and Architectural Coatings N.S.K. These latter

types of paints can be assumed to be entirely solvent-based coatings. The calculation to 

 

19 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

20 Total national coating usage is compiled by the Bureau of the Census, Report MA325F—Paint and Allied 

Products, available on the Census Bureau Bulletin Board, (301)457-2310.

21 Population data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates Branch (see Appendices).

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
43

obtain the number of gallons of solvent based paints totals the gallons for Exterior Solvent 

Type, Interior Solvent Type, Architectural Lacquers and Architectural Coatings N.S.K:

Solvent-Based Paints = 113,964 thousand gallons of paints

The calculation to obtain the number of gallons of water based paints totals the gallons for 

Exterior Water Type and Interior Water Type:

Water-Based Paints = 510,560 thousand gallons of paints

The per capita usage factor is calculated by dividing the total usage of solvent based paints by 

the U.S. population, and the total usage of water based paint by the U.S. population.

Per Capita Solvent Based Usage Factor = Gallons of Solvent Based Paints

U. S. Population

= 

113,964,000

311,591,917

= 0.3657

Per Capita Water Based Usage Factor = Gallons of Water Based Paints

U. S. Population

= 

510,560,000

311,591,917

= 1.6386

Table 2. Quantity and Value of Shipments of Paint and Allied Products: 2010 and 2009

Product 

code Product description Year

 

Quantity

3255101 Architectural coatings 2010 643,900

2009 634,874

3255101111 Exterior, solvent thinned paints and tinted bases, including barn 2010 33,847

and roof paints 2009 33,571

3255101115 Exterior, solvent thinned enamels and tinted bases, including 2010 17,367

exterior-interior floor enamels 2009 14,755

3255101119 Exterior, solvent thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 6,816

2009 6,448
44

3255101121 Exterior, solvent thinned clear finishes and sealers 2010 4,028

2009 4,054

3255101125 Exterior solvent thinned stains, including shingle and shake 2010 13,618

2009 12,096

3255101129 Exterior, other solvent thinned coatings, including 2010 1,578

bituminous paints 2009 1,671

3255101131 Exterior, water thinned paints and tinted bases, including barn 2010 92,625

and roof paints 2009 93,665

3255101135 Exterior, water thinned exterior-interior deck and floor enamels 2010 10,583

2009 10,727

3255101139 Exterior, water thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 10,587

2009 10,725

3255101141 Exterior, water thinned stains and sealers 2010 21,501

2009 20,678

3255101145 Exterior, other exterior water thinned coatings 2010 9,035

2009 8,980

3255101211 Interior, flat solvent thinned wall paint and tinting bases, including 2010 1,155

mill white paints 2009 1,288

3255101215 Interior, gloss and quick drying enamels and other gloss solvent 2010 3,983

thinned paints and enamels 2009 3,389

3255101219 Interior, semigloss, eggshell, satin solvent thinned paints and 2010 9,870

tinting bases 2009 9,691

3255101221 Interior, solvent thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 21,702

2009 (D)

3255101225 Interior, solvent thinned clear finishes and sealers 2010 (S)

2009 (S)
45

3255101229 Interior, solvent thinned stains 2010 1,309

2009 1,216

3255101231 Interior, other solvent thinned coatings 2010 (D)

2009 (D)

3255101235 Interior, flat water thinned paints and tinting bases 2010 144,394

2009 142,894

3255101239 Interior, semigloss, eggshell, satin, and other water thinned paints 2010 183,428

and tinting bases 2009 176,562

3255101241 Interior, water thinned undercoaters and primers 2010 38,407

2009 42,781

3255101245 Interior, other interior water thinned coatings, stains, and sealers 2010 5,119

2009 5,250

3255101249 Architectural lacquers 2010 4,086

2009 4,126

3255104 Product finishes for original equipment manufacturers (OEM), 2010 329,931

excluding marine coatings 2009 285,070

3255104111 Automobile, light truck, van, and sport utility vehicle finishes 2010 43,172

2009 31,580

3255104121 Automobile parts finishes 2010 2,792

2009 1,929

3255104131 Heavy duty truck, bus, and recreational vehicle finishes 2010 5,757

2009 5,352

3255104141 Other transportation equipment finishes, including aircraft 2010 5,369

and railroad 2009 4,187

3255104211 Appliance, heating equipment, and air-conditioner finishes 2010 3,990

2009 4,266

3255104215 Wood furniture, cabinet, and fixture finishes 2010 34,578
46

2009 32,500

3255104219 Wood and composition board flat stock finishes 2010 7,135

2009 6,274

3255104221 Metal building product finishes (including coatings for 2010 36,455

aluminum extrusions and siding) 2009 35,303

3255104225 Container and closure finishes 2010 40,164

2009 35,647

3255104229 Machinery and equipment finishes, including road building 2010 10,151

equipment and farm implement 2009 9,462

3255104231 Non-wood furniture and fixture finishes, including business 2010 22,155

equipment finishes 2009 20,710

3255104235 Paper, paper board, film, and foil finishes, excluding pigment 2010 (S)

binders 2009 10,854

3255104239 Electrical insulating coatings 2010 1,015

2009 866

3255104241 Thermoset general decorative, appliance powder coatings 1/ 2010 8,951

2009 6,933

3255104245 Thermoset general decorative, automotive powder coatings 1/ 2010 3,765

2009 2,437

3255104249

Thermoset general decorative, architectural powder coatings (such as 

aluminum 2010 1,096

extrusions) 1/ 2009 959

3255104251 Thermoset general decorative, lawn and garden powder coatings 1/ 2010 999

2009 890

3255104255 Thermoset general decorative, general metal finishing powder coatings 1/ 2010 19,806

2009 16,225

3255104259 Thermoset functional powder coatings (for pipe, rebar, 2010 (D)
47

electrical insulation, etc.) 1/ 2009 (D)

3255104261 Thermoplastic powder coatings (all) 1/ 2010 (D)

2009 (D)

3255104263 Other powder coatings 2010 (D)

2009 (D)

3255104265 Other industrial product finishes 2010 23,378

2009 20,774

3255107 Special purpose coatings, including all marine coatings 2010 168,326

2009 158,575

3255107111 Industrial new construction and maintenance paints, interior 2010 35,570

2009 34,704

3255107115 Industrial new construction and maintenance paints, exterior 2010 16,571

2009 13,886

3255107121 Traffic marking paints (all types; shelf goods and highway 2010 37,335

department) 2009 35,047

3255107131 Automotive, other transportation and machinery refinish 2010 55,899

paints and enamels, including primers 2009 52,504

3255107141 Marine paints, ship and off-shore facilities and shelf goods for 2010 10,924

both new construction and marine refinish and 2009 11,498

maintenance. Excludes spar varnish

3255107151 Marine paints for yacht and pleasure craft, new construction, 2010 (D)

refinish and maintenance 2009 (D)

3255107161 Aerosol - paint concentrates produced for packaging in 2010 (D)

aerosol containers 2009 (D)

325510B Miscellaneous allied paint products 2010 145,119

2009 134,263

325510B111 Paint and varnish removers 2010 (D)
48

2009 5,075

325510B121 Thinners for lacquers and other solvent based paint products 2010 (D)

2009 30,249

325510B131 Pigment dispersions 2010 (D)

2009 25,877

325510B141 Other miscellaneous allied paint products, including brush 2010 83,708

cleaners, ink vehicles, putty and glazing compounds, etc. 2009 73,062

Emission Factor

Use the emission factors for architectural surface coatings (EPA, 1993A), that are shown 

in Table 5-2 of the EIIP document and reproduced below:

Coating Type VOC Content

Lbs / gallon

Water-based 0.74

Solvent-based 3.87

Total 4.61

This activity occurs 7 days a week and is usually more common in the summer months as 

indicated by a seasonal adjustment factor of 1.3 (see Table 5.8-1 in Procedures). It should 

be noted that 99% of solvents in these coatings are VOC. 

Because the application of architectural surface coating is defined as an area source, there is no 

need to subtract point source emissions from the total, and all emissions estimated for this source 

are area source emissions. 

EPA surface coating regulation provides a 20% reduction for phase I of the AIM rule and 31% 

reduction for phase II; this creates a 44.8% control efficiency. 

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
49

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from architectural surface coatings is:

Equation to calculate solvent-based emissions is:

EM ASC – SB

=

POPi x UF ASC - SB x EF SB x [(1 – (CE ASC x RE ASC x RP ASC )]

2000

Where:

EM ASC – SB = VOC emissions in tons per day from solvent-based architectural surface coatings

POPi = 2011 population of county i

UF ASC – SB = Usage factor for solvent-based architectural surface coatings

EF SB = VOC emission factor for solvent-based architectural surface coatings 

CE ASC = Control efficiency22 for architectural surface coatings

RE ASC = Rule effectiveness23 for architectural surface coatings

RP ASC = Rule penetration for architectural surface coatings

Equation to calculate water-based emissions is:

EM ASC –

WB =

POPi x UF ASC - WB x EF WB x [(1 – (CE ASC x RE ASC x RP ASC )]

2000 

Where:

EM ASC – WB = VOC emissions in tons per day from water-based architectural surface coatings

POPi = 2011 population of county i

UF ASC – WB = Usage factor for water-based architectural surface coatings

EF WB = VOC emission factor for water-based architectural surface coatings 

CE ASC = Control efficiency for architectural surface coatings

 

22 An overall 44.8% reduction in emissions is due to EPA’s AIM regulation 

23 EPA’s AIM regulation is a federal rule applying to architectural surface coatings

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
50

RE ASC = Rule effectiveness for architectural surface coatings

RP ASC = Rule penetration for architectural surface coatings

2011 Example Calculation Architectural Surface Coating (Allegany County)

Solvent-Based

POPAllegany = 74692 persons

UF ASC – SB = 0.3657 gal/capita

EFSB = 3.87 lbs. VOC/gal/year

CE ASC = 44.8%

RE ASC = 100% 

RP ASC = 100% 

EM ASC – SB = ((74,692 x 0.3657 x 3.87) x [1 – (0.448 x 1.00 x 1.00)]) / 2000 

EM ASC – SB = 29.18 tons VOC per year 

Water-Based

POPAllegany = 74692 persons

UF ASC – WB = 1.6386 gal/capita

EFWB = 0.74 lbs. VOC/gal/year

CE ASC = 44.8%

RE ASC = 100% 

RP ASC = 100% 

EM ASC – WB = ((74,692 x 1.6386 x 0.74) x [1 – (0.448 x 1.00 x 1.00)]) / 2000 

EM ASC – WB = 25.00 tons VOC per year
51

3.1.2.4 Auto Refinishing 

SCC: 24 01 005 000

Automobile refinishing is the repainting of worn or damaged automobiles, light trucks and other 

vehicles. Coating of new cars is not included in this category but falls under industrial coating. 

In automobile refinishing, lacquers and enamels are usually applied with hand-operated spray 

guns. Because the vehicles contain heat-sensitive plastics and rubber, the coatings are dried or 

cured in low-temperature ovens or at ambient conditions. MDE adopted a regulation based upon 

federal guidance that requires the use of reformulated coatings and equipment with greater 

transfer efficiency in the application of coatings. 

VOC

MDE staff used an alternative per employee emission estimation methodology documented in 

EIIP1, Chapter 13, Auto Body Refinishing, dated January 2000. The document provides an 

outline for developing a per employee emission factor using a national VOC emission estimate 

and national employment data. 

Activity

MDE calculated an emission factor of 592.6774 lbs. VOC per employee per year using an 

estimate of 151.9 million pounds of solvents sold nationally in 2007 and dividing it by 

2007 County Business Patterns employment number of 256,331 for NAICS 81112: 

Automotive Body, Paint, Interior and Glass Repair. The amount of solvent sold was 

provided by the EPA in conjunction with The Freedonia Group and ERTAC. 

EPA had a federal rule already in effect allowing a 37% reduction of emission for auto 

body refinishing in 2011. Maryland has an auto body regulation this is more stringent than 

the national rule, which allowed MDE to take an additional 8% reduction. 

The autobody refinishing category does not include new car coating. 

Emission Factor:

592.6774 lbs of VOC per employee per year

 

1 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
52

No autobody refinishing emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted 

from the area source.

Autobody refinishing emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted from 

the area source inventory to avoid double counting.

An EPA memo on auto body refinishing allows a 37% reduction for the federal rule. Maryland’s 

auto body regulation allowed MDE to take an additional 8% reduction. 

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from automobile refinishing is:

E AR =

EMP J x EF AR x [ 1- (RE x RP x CE)]

- E Point Source AR 2000

Where: 

E AR = VOC emissions in tons per year from auto refinishing

EMP J = Number of employees in county j for NAICS 811121 (auto refinishing) from 

County Business Patterns 

EF AR = VOC emission factor for auto refinishing

E Point Source AR = Point source emissions from auto body refinishing 

Divided by 2000 lbs. to convert to tons

2011 Example Calculation Auto Refinishing (Baltimore County)

E AR =

678 x 592.6774 x [1- (1.0 x 1.0 x .08)]

- 0.00 2000

E AR = 184.84 Tons VOC / year

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
53

3.1.2.5 Traffic Markings 

SCC: 24 01 008 000 - Traffic paints

Traffic paints are used to mark pavement, the majority of which is used to create dividing lines 

for traffic lanes. These markings are applied by state or local highway maintenance crews or by 

contractors. VOC emissions result from the evaporation of organic solvents during and shortly 

after the application of the marking paint. All traffic paint emissions are included in the area 

source inventory. 

VOC

MDE surveyed city, county, and state agencies for gallons of paint used and the VOC content of 

the paint used.

Activity

The Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) keeps data on gallons of traffic 

marking paint used by district and a few individual counties. For emissions from SHA line 

painting, each county’s proportion of the total district’s lane miles was multiplied by total 

gallons painted in a district to get an estimated amount of gallons used for each county. In 

a few counties, SHA does all the line painting. Also, data was collected from the 

Maryland Aviation Administration (MAA) and the Mass Transit Administration (MTA).

MDE was able to gather information on gallons of traffic paint used during the ozone 

season and during a year. The Material Safety Data Sheets and Environmental Data Sheets 

were collected for each paint and solvent used by each local jurisdiction and State agency 

doing the striping. It was necessary to collect data on yellow and white paint separately 

because the amount of VOCs per gallon is different for each type of paint.

The emission totals are slightly lower than in previous inventories because many 

jurisdictions have switched to latex (water-borne) paints for traffic marking, and those 

areas already using latex paints have switched to using a latex paint that is lower in VOC 

content than what was previously used. The widespread use of latex paints means that 

there are no longer any emissions from the solvents used to clean painting equipment when 

oil based paints are used.

The following information was collected from all public agencies using traffic marking 

paint in Maryland:

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
54

Gallons of yellow traffic paint and solvent used in 2011

Gallons of white traffic paint and solvent used in 2011

The MSDS and Environmental Data Sheets per type of paint provided the following 

information:

 Percent volatile by weight

 Percent water by weight

 Percent volatile organic compounds by weight

 Total VOC (lbs./gal)

 VOC/gallon less water

Emission Factor

Traffic Paints VOC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/gallons)

Yellow Paint 0.36 to 0.78

White Paint 0.11 to 0.78

The VOC pound per gallon of paint was obtain from the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for 

each color and brand of paint used. The appropriate factor was used for each calculation and the 

table above shows the range for each color.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

MDE surveyed the various state agencies that apply coatings to road surfaces and transportation 

projects. MDE collected data on the gallons of paint applied and the VOC content of the paint. 

MDE made emission estimates based on this data and therefore no controls are available for this 

source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
55

Traffic Paint Sample Calculation (Harford County)

(1) Calculate VOC emissions from yellow and white traffic paints for year 2011

a. State Highway Administration (SHA) Traffic Paint Use

Total yellow gallons used in 2011 = 13,107 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of yellow paint used25 = 0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon

Total white gallons used 2011 = 17,374 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of white paint used26 = 0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon 

E Yellow Paint =

(13,107 gallons) x (0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton) 

E Yellow Paint = 3.735 tons / year

E White Paint =

(17,374 gallons) x (0.57 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton) 

E White Paint = 4.952 tons / year

E Local Paint Total = E Yellow Paint + E White Paint

E Local Paint Total = 3.735 + 4.952

E Local Paint Total = 8.687 tons / year

b. Maryland Aviation Administration (MAA) Traffic Paint Use

The MAA did not apply any paint in Harford County. 

c. Maryland Transportation Administration (MTA) Traffic Paint Use

The MTA did not apply any paint in Harford County. 

 

25 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways

26 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways

Emissions 

Calculation
56

d. Local Jurisdiction Traffic Paint Use Harford County

Total yellow gallons used in 2011 = 4,320 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of yellow paint used27 = 0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon

Total white gallons used 2011 = 1,149 gallons

Total VOC per gallon of white paint used28 = 0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon 

E Yellow Paint =

(4,320 gallons) x (0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton) 

E Yellow Paint = 1,685 tons / year

E White Paint =

(1,149 gallons) x (0.78 lbs. VOC /gallon)

(2,000 lbs./ton)

E White Paint = 0.448 tons / year

E Local Paint Total = E Yellow Paint + E White Paint

E Local Paint Total = 1.685 + 0.448

E Local Paint Total = 2.133 tons / year

(2) VOC emissions from paint cleaning solvent use were zero. None of the above listed 

agencies used cleaning solvents.

(3) Total VOC emissions from traffic paint use and paint cleaning solvent use :

E Paint Total = E SHA Paint Total + E MAA Paint Total + E MTA Paint Total + E Local Paint Total + E Paint Solvent

E Paint Total = 8,687 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 2.133 + 0.0

E Paint Total = 10,820 tons / year

Yellow Total = 3.735 +1.685 = 542 tons / year 

White Total = 4.952 + 0.448 = 5.40 tons / year

 

27 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways

28 MSDS from Caroline County's Department of Public Works, Division of Highways
57

3.1.2.6 Industrial Surface Coating 

SCC: 24 01 015 000 (Finish Wood Product Manufacturing)

24 01 020 000 (Wood Furniture and Fixtures)

24 01 025 000 (Metal Furniture and Fixtures)

24 01 030 000 (Paper, Film, and Foil)

24 01 040 000 (Metal Cans)

24 01 060 000 (Household Appliances Manufacturing)

24 01 065 000 (Electronic and Other Electrical)

24 01070 000 (Motor Vehicles)

24 01 075 000 (Aircraft)

24 01 080 000 (Marine)

24 01 085 000 (Railroads)

24 01 090 000 (Miscellaneous Manufacturing)

24 01 100 000 (Industrial Maintenance Coatings)

24 01 200 000(Other Coatings)

Industrial surface coatings are applied during the manufacture of a wide variety of products, 

including furniture, cans, automobiles, other transportation equipment, machinery, appliances, 

metal coil, flat wood, wire and other miscellaneous products. In addition, coatings are used in 

maintenance operations at industrial facilities but these are considered paint sources. 

VOC and HAPs

MDE used the methods and procedures documented in EIIP29, Chapter 8, Industrial Surface 

Coatings, dated September 1997. Applicable point source emissions (those within the same

NAICS) taken from the MDE/ARMA registration files have been subtracted from the emissions 

calculated on a per capita and per employee basis; and are presented below. 

Activity

The choice between using per capita factors or per employee factors for categories where 

made based on the quality of data. County Business Patterns (internet address:

http://censtats.census.gov/cgi-bin/cbpnaic/cbpsel.pl) lists employee data by North 

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Many values are based on actual data. 

However, some county NAICS list a range for the number of employees through a letter 

code. In this case the arithmetic average number of employees per letter code per county 

was adjusted so that the state total employment in a NAICS matched the sum of the 

number of employees reported per county. For those categories where all or most of the 

employment data was listed as a range, the per capita factor was assumed to be more 

reliable and was used to calculate emissions. The U.S. Census Bureau reports population 

 

29 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
58

statistics for the counties of Maryland. Population statistics for 2011 for the counties of 

Maryland were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau Internet address 

(http://www.census.gov). 

Because the emission factors were developed based on NAICS employment data and 2010 

was the last year employment data was available per NAICS, MDE used the 2010 County 

Business Patterns as the source for employment figures. 

Emission Factor

Per employee factors were used for the industry surrogate employment SIC and NAICS 

because they are generally more reliable (see Procedures, Table 4-10.1), and a comparison 

with per capita emissions in one county showed that for these SICs, the per capita factors 

led to a large overestimation of emissions. Per capita factors were used for the industry 

surrogate population SIC and NAICS because they prove to be more reliable for emission 

calculations than the per employee factor.

Industry SCC NAICS Surrogate

Finish Wood Product Manufacturing 2401015000 321 Employment

Wood Furniture and Fixtures 2401020000 337110, 337121, 337122, 337127, 

337129, 337211,337212, 337215, 

339111

Employment

Metal Furniture and Fixtures 2401025000 337124, 337127, 337214, 337215, 

339111

Employment

Paper, Film, and Foil 2401030000 322222 Employment

Metal Cans 2401040000 33243 Employment

Household Appliances 

Manufacturing

2401060000 3352 Employment

Electronic and Other Electrical 2401065000 331319, 31422, 331491, 35921, 335929 Employment

Motor Vehicles 2401070000 3361, 3362, 3363 Employment

Aircraft 2401075000 3364 Employment

Marine 2401080000 3366, 488390 Employment

Railroads 2401085000 3365 Employment

Miscellaneous Manufacturing 2401090000 339, 3369 Employment

Industrial Maintenance Coatings 2401100000 NAa Population

Other Coatings 2401200000 NAa Population

Furthermore, NAICS used were the best correspond to SIC for each source category so 

that emission factors that were generated from EIIP SIC data could be used. EPA 

provided the correlation between NAICS and SIC. Per employment emission factors are 

listed in Table 8.5-1 in the EIIP Industrial Surface Coating document and below. As an 

example, MDE has chosen finish wood product manufacturing for presentation of an 
59

equation and emissions by county. The EIIP document lists no seasonal adjustment 

factor. 

 

Industrial Maintenance Coatings (NAICS) and Other Coatings (NAICS), per capita 

emission factors are listed in Table 8.5-2 in the EIIP Industrial Surface Coating document 

and below. 

Industry

Per Employment VOC 

Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/employee/year)

Per Capita

VOC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)

Finish Wood Product Manufacturing 43 NA

Wood Furniture and Fixtures 244 NA

Metal Furniture and Fixtures 772 NA

Paper, Film, and Foil 735 NA

Metal Cans 2,326 NA

Household Appliances 

Manufacturing

254 NA

Electronic and Other Electrical 24.7 NA

Motor Vehicles 164 NA

Aircraft 15 NA

Marine 198 NA

Railroads 222 NA

Miscellaneous Manufacturing 136 NA

Industrial Maintenance Coatings NA 0.8

Other Coatings NA 0.8

Applicable point source emissions (those within the same NAICS) taken from the MDE/ARMA 

registration files have been subtracted from the calculated emissions, and their emissions are 

separated from the totals presented below. 

MDE surveyed the various state agencies that apply coatings to road surfaces and transportation 

projects. MDE collected data on the gallons of paint applied and the VOC content of the paint. 

MDE made emission estimates based on this data and therefore no controls are available for this 

source category.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
60

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Equation:

E FW = 

EMPLi x EF FW

2000 

Where:

E FW = VOC emissions in tons per year from finish wood product manufacturing.

EMPLi = employees in county i employed in NAICS 321.

EF FW = VOC emission factor for finished wood which is 43 lbs. VOC per employee per year

2011 Example Calculation Industrial Surface Coating – Finish Wood Product Manufacturing

(Baltimore County)

Number of employees in NAICS 321 in Baltimore County 

(2010 County Business Patterns): 52

Emission factor for finish wood product manufacturing (lbs. VOC/employee/year): 4330

5 days per week activity level, no seasonal adjustment factor

E FW(Baltimore Co) =

(52 x 43) 

2000

E FW(Baltimore Co) = 1.12 tons VOC per year

 

30 Table 8.5-1, EIIP Chapter 8 Industrial Surface Coatings

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions

Calculation
61

3.1.2.7 Industrial Adhesives and Sealants

SCC: 2440020000

Industrial adhesives are the application of a liquid or powder substance, such as solvent type 

paints, varnishes, and lacquers to a surface for decorative or protective purposes. The substances 

can be applied by brushing, rolling, spraying, dipping or flow coating. VOCs are released into 

the air as the substance dries. Powder coatings are applied to a hot surface and then melted; 

VOCs are released as the powder melts and dries.

VOC and HAPs

MDE staff used EPA’s “Solvent Mass Balance” methodology for estimating emissions from 

nonpoint solvents, which uses the total solvent production and sales for a particular source 

category to estimate overall emissions then subtracting out emissions due to point sources, waste 

management, and recycling.

Activity

Per capita activity data was used and downloaded from the US Census Bureau (internet 

address: http://www.census.gov) July 1, 2011 population statistic estimates for the counties 

of Maryland31. 

Emission Factor

MDE used the emission factor of 1.10 lbs/capita/year developed by Determination of 

Reasonably Available Control Technology and Best Available Retrofit Control Technology 

for Adhesives and Sealants, California Air Resources Board document for adhesives and 

sealants (CARB RACT/BARCT for Adhesives/ Sealants, Dec 1998)32.

CARB RACT/BARCT estimated emission factor calculation for adhesives/sealants is as 

following: 

 

VOC = 45 tons/day estimated in 1994 * 365 days/year * 2000 lbs/ton / 29,760,021 capita 

where 45 tons/day is the estimated state-wide emissions for industrial adhesives in 

California, 2000 lbs/ton is a conversion factor, and 29,760,021 capita is the 1990 

population of California. 

VOC Emf = 1.10 lbs/capita/year of industrial adhesives

 

31 2011 estimated population from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimation Branch (see Appendices).

32 Emission factors were developed by CARB RACT/BARCT for Adhesives/ Sealants, Dec 1998.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
62

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

Maryland has adopted an industrial adhesive and coatings regulation (COMAR 26.11.19.15). 

The regulation is similar to the one proposed by the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) and 

achieves VOC reductions through two basic components: sale and manufacture restrictions that 

limit the VOC content of specified adhesives, sealants and primers sold in the state; and use 

restrictions that apply primarily to commercial/industrial applications. 

A reasonably available control technology determination (CARB RACT/BARCT for Adhesives/ 

Sealants, Dec 1998) prepared by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in 1998 forms the 

basis of this model rule. In the years 1998-2001, the provisions of the CARB determination were 

adopted in regulatory form in various air pollution control districts in California including the 

Bay Area, Ventura County, Sacramento Metropolitan and San Joaquin Valley. 

CARB and OTC estimate a 64.4 percent reduction in emissions from the source category 

regulation that was fully implemented in Maryland in 2009. 

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Equation:

E OC = 

POPi x EF OC

x [1 – (CE x RE x RP)]

 2000 

Where:

E OC = VOC emissions in tons per year from industrial adhesives.

POPi = 2011 population of county i (Appendix A Section 1).

EF OC = VOC emission factor for industrial adhesives.

CE = Control Efficiency

RE = Rule Effectiveness

RP = Rule Penetration

To adjust for control efficiency OTC-PECHAN Control Measure Report:

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
63

2011 base year where:

CE = 0.644, RE = RP = 1.

Then new emission control efficiency for 2011 is: [1 – (0.644 x 1 x 1)] = 1 

2011 Per Capital Sample Calculation for industrial adhesives in Montgomery County:

2011 U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimate for Montgomery County: 989,79433

Emission factor for industrial adhesives (lbs. VOC/person/year): 1.1034

5 days per week activity level, no seasonal adjustment factor

Equation:

E OC = 

POPi x EF OC

x [1 – (CE x RE x RP)]

 2000 

2011 Per Capital Sample Calculation for industrial adhesives in Montgomery County: 

989,794 x 1.10 lbs. VOC/capita/year x [1 – (0.644 x 1.0 x 1.0)] = 387,603 lbs. VOC per person 

Converting to tons per year: 387,603 / 2000 lbs. per year = 193.80 tons VOC per year.

 

33 2011 estimated population from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimation Branch (see Appendices).

34 Emission Inventory Improvement Program Vol. III, Ch. 6, September 1997.
64

3.1.2.8 Graphic Arts 

SCC: 24 25 000 000 (Screen & Plateless)

24 25 010 000 (Offset Lithography)

24 25 020 000 (Letterpress)

24 25 030 000 (Rotogravure)

24 25 040 000 (Flexography)

Graphic arts include operations that are involved in the printing of newspapers, magazines, 

books and other printed materials. There are six basic operations used in graphic arts: 

lithography, gravure, letterpress, flexography, screen printing and metal decorating (plateless). 

In our calculations screen and plateless printing were paired together and make up a combined 

6% market share of all printing. Lithography accounts for nearly half of all graphic arts 

operations. 

VOC

MDE staff used an alternative per capita emission estimation method documented in EIIP4, 

Chapter 7, Graphic Arts, dated November 1996. The EIIP methodology recommended an 

emission factor of 1.3 lbs. VOC per capita per year emission factor (EPA, 1991) for graphic arts 

sources emitting less than 100 tons VOC per year. Yearly activity was used with no seasonal 

adjustment factor as recommended in Table 5.8-1 in Procedures. All point source graphic arts 

facilities (NAICS 11531) in the ARMA registration files for 2011 emissions where subtracted 

from the area source inventory. 

Activity

The estimated percentage of market share, reported in Table 7.2-3 of the EIIP document 

and reproduced below, was used to allocate the total graphic arts emissions to specific 

printing types. Maryland has different regulations regarding specific types of printing 

operations and thus to calculate controlled emissions the estimated percentage that each 

type of printing operation contributes to the total had to be determined. 

Type of Printing (MStype )

Estimated Percentage of 

Product Market Share

Rotogravure 18

Flexography 18

Offset Lithography 47

Letterpress 8

Screen 3

Plateless 3

 

4 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
65

Emission Factor

1.3 lbs. VOC per capita per year

Graphic arts emissions from facilities identified as point sources were subtracted from the area 

source inventory to avoid double counting.

Control efficiency is based on Maryland regulations for each type of printing process and has 

been developed within technical support documents for the graphic arts printing regulations. 

Rule penetration has been defined as the estimated percentage that each type of printing 

operation. Rule effectiveness has been assigned the EPA default value of 80 per cent. 

Lithographic Rotogravure Letterpress Flexographic Screen

Rule Effectiveness (RE) 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

Rule Penetration (RP) 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

Control Efficiency (CE) 0.750 0.630 0.000 0.540 0.350

Reduction factor (RE x RP x CE) 0.600 0.504 0.000 0.432 0.280

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from graphic arts is:

Equation:

E GA = 

MStype x POPi x EF GA x (1 - RF GA ) 2000 

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
66

Where:

E GA = VOC emissions in tons per year from graphic arts

MStype = Market share percent of the type of printing 

POPi = 2011 population of county i (Appendix A)

EF GA = VOC emission factor for graphic arts (1.335 lbs. VOC per person per year)

RF GA = Reduction Factor for Printing

RF L = Reduction Factor for Lithographic Printing

RF LP = Reduction Factor for Letterpress Printing

RF R = Reduction Factor for Rotogravure Printing

RF F = Reduction Factor for Flexographic Printing

RF S = Reduction Factor for Screen & Plateless Printing

2011 Example Calculation Graphic Arts (Anne Arundel County)

E GAL = 0.47 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1 – 0.600)

2000 

E GALP = 0.08x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1 – 0.0) 

2000 

E GAR = 0.18 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1 – 0.504) 

2000 

E GAF = 0.18 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1 – 0.432) 

2000 

E GAS = 0.06 x 544,403 x 1.3 x (1 – 0.280) 

2000 

E GAsum = ( E GAL + E GALP + E GAR + E GAF + E GAS ) 

E GAsum = (66.53 + 28.31 + 31.59 + 36.18 + 15.29) 

E GAsum = 177.89 tons VOC per person (Totals may be slightly different due to rounding) 

 

35 Emission factor from EIIP Chapter 7 Graphic Arts
67

3.1.2.9 Asphalt Paving and Roofing

SCC: 24 61 022 000 Emulsified

24 61 020 000 Misc. Application (Road Oil)

24 61 021 000 Cutback 

24 61 023 000 Roofing 

The two types of asphalt paving used for road paving and repair are cutback asphalt and 

emulsified asphalt. Cutback asphalt is a liquefied road surface prepared by blending (or "cutting 

back") asphalt cement with different petroleum distillates or (road oils). The second type, 

emulsified asphalt, is also a liquefied road surface, but is prepared with a water/soap mixture 

instead of petroleum distillates. Cutback asphalt emits more VOCs, and its use has been limited 

in Maryland to the non-ozone period of April 15 to October 15. Asphalt like tar is also used for 

roofing similar to rubberizing. 

VOC

MDE calculated emissions for this category by using a combination of factors from the 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) 1991 Survey, the 

California Air Resources Board, and EPA’s AP-42. It estimated that 80% of all asphalt used in 

Maryland is for paving, and the remaining 20% is for roofing. 

Activity

Total barrels of asphalt used in Maryland was obtained from the Energy Information 

Administration (EIA) and separated to county level. Maryland used 3,322,000 barrels of 

asphalt in 2010. Also, 2011 population statistics for the counties of Maryland were 

collected from the Census Bureau Internet address (http://www.census.gov). 

Emission Factors:

Asphalt Related 

Material VOC Emission Factors EF Units

Emulsified 17.9 lbs/ton

Road Oils 70.4 lbs/ton

Cutback 268.3 lbs/ton

Asphalt Roofing 6.2 lbs/ton

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
68

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

State of Maryland Department of Environment regulations (COMAR 26.11.11.02B), prohibit use 

of cutback asphalt paving from April 15 to October 15 so ozone precursor emissions from 

cutback asphalt application were not calculated. Cutback asphalt is made by blending asphalt 

cement with petroleum distillates that evaporate when the road surface is "cured" after 

application. Cutback was given a control efficiency of 100 %, rule effectiveness of 80%, and rule 

penetration of 100%. All other asphalts had no controls applied. Emulsified asphalt is asphalt 

cement mixed with a blend of water and an emulsifier, usually soap.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Emission estimates were calculated by converting total barrels used to tons of asphalt, 

multiplying it by appropriate emission factor, and then proportioning them by population to the 

county level. There is 350 lbs of asphalt in each barrel. Out of all asphalt used in the state, 

approximately 80% is used for paving and 20% is used for roofing. Paving asphalt usage is 

further separated below:

Paving Asphalt Percent Tons of Paving Asphalt 

Paving Hot-mix: 92% Hot-mix: 427,874

Paving Emulsified: 5% Emulsified: 23,254

Paving Road Oils: 2% Road Oils: 9,302

Paving Cutback 1% Cutback 4,651

Roofing of state total 20% Roofing 116,270

Hot-mix emissions were calculated by facilities and reported with point source inventory. 

The equation used to estimate emissions from asphalt paving is:

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
69

E A = CLAType x EF Type x (1 – (RE x RP x CE))

2000 

Where:

E A = VOC emissions tons 

CLAType = Estimated amount of asphalt type used (tons)

EF Type = emission factor for type of asphalt in lbs. VOC per ton of asphalt per yr

RE = Rule Effectiveness 

RP = Rule Penetration

CE = Control efficiency

2011 Emulsified Asphalt Sample Calculations: Anne Arundel County

E A = CLAType x EF Type x (1 – (1 x 1 x 0))

2000 

E Ann Arundel = 2,172 x 17.9 x (1 – (1 x 1 x 0))

2000 

E Ann Arundel = 19.44 tons VOC 

Below is an alternate calculation method and check, by estimating emission for the state and 

ratioing out Anne Arundel County by county population.

E MDEm Total = 23,254 tons of asphalt for all of Maryland.

Total Maryland Population for 2011 was 5,828,289 people. 

Anne Arundel County population for 2011 was 544,403.

Usage ratio for Anne Arundel County is USEa = (544,403 / 5,828,289) = 0.0934

E MDEmulsified = 23,254 x 17.9 x (1 – (1 x 1 x 0))

2000 

E MDEmulsified = 208.12 tons VOC Maryland

E Ann Arundel = (208.12 x 0.0934) tons VOC 

E Ann Arundel = 19.44 tons VOC 

(Similar calculation can be done for each asphalt type for each county)
70

3.1.2.10 Synthetic Organic Chemical Storage Tanks 

This category is fully represented in the point source inventory. 

3.1.2.11 Pesticide Application 

SCC: 24 61 800 000

Pesticides are substances or mixtures used to control plant and animal life for the purposes of: 

agricultural production, public health from pest-borne disease, reducing property damage due to 

pests, and improving the aesthetic quality of outdoor and indoor surroundings. Agriculture, 

homeowners, industry, and government agencies use pesticides. The largest usage of pesticides 

by weight is in agriculture. Agricultural pesticides control weeds, insects, mites, fungi, 

nematodes, and other threats to the yield, quality, or safety of food production.

Emissions arise from pesticide use because of the volatile nature of many ingredients, solvents, 

or other additives used in the formulations. Many pesticide formulations use solvents as carriers 

for more active organic or inorganic ingredients. In pesticide formulations, the organic or 

inorganic solute is the "active ingredient" (AI), while the solvent carrier is the "inert carrier." 

Thus, the terms "active" and "inert" in pesticide formulations refer to toxicological action, and 

are not indicators of photochemical activity. Both the active and inert ingredients in these 

formulations evaporate and contribute to VOC emissions. 

VOC and HAPs

Activity data for 2011 was not available and the Pesticide Regulation Section of the 

Maryland Department of Agriculture reported that the amount of pesticide usage for the 

state did not change from 2004. The emissions for this category have remained constant 

and are the same as our last report; for these reasons the following estimation description 

is the same as previous. 

Maryland Agricultural Statistics service in cooperation with the Pesticide Regulation 

Section of the Maryland Department of Agriculture compiled information for Maryland's 

2000 pesticide statistics document. The document, Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 

2000, reported pesticide usage in pounds used in a year by active ingredient for each 

Maryland County. Along with the pounds of AI applied, the document also listed the 

form of many pesticides and the formulation of some selected pesticides. From this, 

MDE used the EIIP’s emission inventory reference document titled Pesticides –

Agricultural and Nonagricultural, December 1997, Section 9.2.2 to generate the VOC 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Source:
71

emissions for the active ingredient and inert carrier of the pesticide. This required 

assumptions and other references to collect the best information used in the calculations.

Emission estimation for 2011 was adapted from 2002 averaged pounds of pesticide per 

acre.

The EPA method for estimating pesticide emissions uses a six-step procedure as follows:

1. Determine both the application method and the quantity of pesticide product applied.

2. Determine the type of formulation used.

3. Determine the specific AI(s) in the formulation and their vapor pressure(s).

4. Determine the percentage of the AI (or each AI) present.

5. Determine the VOC content of the formulation.

6. Calculate the emissions.

MDE slightly deviated from this method, since information was presented to MDE in pounds of 

active ingredient. With the active ingredient, the vapor pressure and general application method 

(surface application or soil incorporation) was determined from the EPA's AP-42 document or 

The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database For Environmental Decision-Making, by R. D. 

Wauchope, et al. Then the form (i.e. wet-table powder, emulsified concentrate, granule, etc.) of 

the most likely pesticide was determined from a list in the Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 2000. 

Also, the statistics listed some formulations, for example 80% inert, 20% AI. Most of the 

formulations were assumptions based on the information provided with the form of the pesticide 

in the Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 2000.

The table below lists the EIIP emissions factors taken from AP-42 (Table 9.2.2-4) used to 

calculate this category.

Uncontrolled Emission Factors for Pesticide Active Ingredients

Vapor Pressure Range Emission Factor

(mm Hg at 20 to 25 C) kg/Mg lbs./ton

Surface Application

1 x 10-4 to 1 x 10-6350 700

> 1 x 10-4580 1160

Soil Incorporation

< 1 x 10-62.7 5.4

1 x 10-4to 1 x 10-621 42

> 1 x 10-452 104
72

Equations:

E pest = VOC Emissions from Active Ingredient (AI) + VOC Emissions from the Inert Ingredients (Inert).

VOC Emissions Active Ingredients (AI) = (lbs AI / year) x (lbs VOC / lb AI)

VOC Emissions Inert Ingredients = [(lbs AI / year) / % AI] x % Inert Ingredients x % VOC INERT INGREDIENTS

E pest =

(lbs AI/year) x EF AI in lbs VOC/ton AI

+

(lbs AI/year)

x (% Inert) x (% VOC in Inert)

2000 lbs. Per ton (1 - % Inert)

Daily Emissions =

Annual Emissions

x Seasonal Adjustment Factor

312 days / year

where:

AI = Active Ingredient (lbs. /yr)

EF AI = Emission Factor (lbs. VOC / ton AI)

% inert = percentage of formulation that contains the Inert Carrier

% VOC in the inert = percentage of VOCs in the Inert Carrier portion of the pesticide

SAF = seasonal adjustment factor of 1.3 to adjust for the summer ozone season

MDE assumed six working days per week and 100% volatilization of the VOC portion of the 

inert carrier.

Sample Calculations:

The following information was compiled from The Maryland Pesticide Statistics for 2000 and 

The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making:

Table 3-26 

Allegany County Pesticide Information

VOC

V. Press Formulation Formula % VOC EF Alleg. Alleg.

Pesticide mm Hg Application Type (% Inert) Inert lbs. VOC/ 

lbs. A.I. lbs of A.I. Lbs/yr

2,4-D 8E-06 foliar spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 2,058 3107.580

Acephate 1.7E-06 crop spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 62 93.620

Alachlor 1.4E-05 soil spray gas 0.15 0.29 0.35 19 7.622

Amitrole 4.40E-07 foliar spray gas 0.784 0.29 0.35 6 8.416

Atrazine 2.89E-07 soil surface wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 478 645.300

Azinphos-Methyl 2E-07 crop spray ec 0.35 0.56 0.35 33 21.501

Azoxystrobin crop spray gas 0.77 0.29 0.35 1 1.321

Bacillus thuringiensis neg crop spray gr 0.96 0.25 0.35 107 679.450

Benomyl 1E-10 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 9 12.150

Bifenthrin 1.8E-07 crop spray gas 0.1 0.29 0.35 2 0.764

Boric Acid 0.0001 spray wp 0.1 0.25 0.35 4 1.511

Captan 8E-08 crop spray gas 0.5 0.29 0.35 727 465.280
73

VOC

V. Press Formulation Formula % VOC EF Alleg. Alleg.

Pesticide mm Hg Application Type (% Inert) Inert lbs. VOC/ 

lbs. A.I. lbs of A.I. Lbs/yr

Carbaryl 1.2E-06 crop spray gas 0.5 0.29 0.35 93 59.520

Carbofuran 6E-07 foliar spray fog 0.56 0.39 0.35 1 0.846

Chloroneb 0.003 spray wp 0.35 0.25 0.58 17 12.148

Chlorothalonil 1E-03 crop spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.58 368 640.320

Chlorpyrifos 1.7E-05 soil 

incorporation

gas 0.15 0.29 0.021 36 2.598

Clomazone 1.4E-04 soil 

incorporation

ec 0.3 0.56 0.052 3 0.876

Clopyralid 0 foliar spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 1 1.510

Cyanazine 1.6E-09 crop spray dust 0.8 0.21 0.35 31 36.890

Cyfluthrin 1.6E-08 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 153 69.943

Cypermethrin 1.4E-09 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 5 2.286

Diazinon 6E-05 crop spray pellet 0.143 0.27 0.35 21 8.296

Dicamba 0 spray gas 0.8 0.29 0.35 126 190.260

Dichlobenil 1E-03 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.58 3 4.740

Dicofol 4E-07 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 25 11.429

Diflubenzuron 9E-10 crop spray wp 0.25 0.25 0.35 80 34.667

Dimethenamid > 1.0 soil spray gas 0.468 0.29 0.35 5 3.026

Diuron 6.9E-08 soil surface wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 310 418.500

Endosulfan 1.7E-07 crop spray gas 0.5 0.29 0.35 2 1.280

Esfenvalerate 1.1E-08 crop spray dust 0.3 0.21 0.35 7 3.080

Fenarimol 2.2E-07 crop spray wp 0.3 0.25 0.35 1 0.457

Flumetsulam ND spray aq 0.18 0.21 0.35 12 4.753

Fluvalinate 1E-07 crop spray rtu 0.8 0.2 0.35 69 79.350

Fosamine Ammonium 4E-06 foliar spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 8 9.520

Glyphosate 0 foliar spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 2,610 3105.900

Hydroprene ? ? gr 0.09 0.25 2 0.049

Imidacloprid 1.50E-09 spray aq 0.786 0.21 0.35 1,426 1598.986

Iprodione 1E-07 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 24 32.400

Lambda-cyhalothrin 1.50E-09 spray ec 0.87 0.56 0.35 8 32.782

MCPP 0 foliar spray aq 0.5 0.21 0.35 49 27.440

Malathion 8E-06 contact spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 7 4.130

Mancozeb 0 crop spray Fl aq conc 0.8 0.21 0.35 165 196.350

Maneb 0 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 26 35.100

Metalaxyl 5.62E-06 soil spray wp 0.25 0.25 0.35 7 3.033

Metam-Sodium 20 soil spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.58 334 474.280

Methoprene 17.5 spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.58 26 36.920

Methoxychlor 0 spray wp 0.25 0.35 3 1.050

Methyl Bromide 1824 release of gas Fl aq conc 0.8 0.21 0.58 58 82.360

Metolachlor 3.135E-05 soil spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 488 287.920

Metribuzin 1E-05 soil surface Fl aq conc 0.75 0.21 0.35 3 2.940

Metsulfuron Methyl 2.5E-12 foliar spray gr 0.2 0.25 0.35 1 0.413

Nicosulfuron 1.20E-16 grass spray gr 0.162 0.25 0.35 2 0.797

Oryzalin 1E-08 soil spray wp 0.75 0.25 0.35 77 84.700

PCNB 1.1E-04 soil spray wp 0.6 0.25 0.58 88 84.040

Paclobutrazol 6.00E-10 spray wp 0.5 0.25 0.35 13 7.800

Paraquat 0 target spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 124 147.560

Pendimethalin 9.4E-06 soil spray ec 0.6 0.56 0.35 1,257 1495.830

Permethrin 1.3E-08 crop spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 9,455 5578.450
74

VOC

V. Press Formulation Formula % VOC EF Alleg. Alleg.

Pesticide mm Hg Application Type (% Inert) Inert lbs. VOC/ 

lbs. A.I. lbs of A.I. Lbs/yr

Petroleum Oils 1.0E-03 spray ec 0.56 0.58 1,503 871.740

Phosmet 4.9E-07 crop spray wp 0.5 0.25 0.35 26 15.600

Picloram Neg foliar spray aq 0.8 0.21 0.35 252 299.880

Primisulfuron-methyl 1.50E-05 crop spray gr 0.49 0.25 0.35 2 1.180

Propachlor 7.90E-05 spray gr 0.35 0.25 0.35 2 0.969

Propoxur 9.7E-06 crop spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 2 1.180

Quizalofop-ethyl 3E-07 foliar spray ec 0.2 0.56 0.35 1 0.490

Sethoxydim 1.6E-07 foliar spray ec 0.3 0.56 0.35 1 0.590

Simazine 2.21E-08 soil spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 776 1047.600

Sulfentrazone spray gr 0.25 0.25 0.56 1 0.643

Sulfometuron Methyl 6E-16 soil spray gr 0.2 0.25 0.35 7 2.888

Sulfur 0 dust dust 0.2 0.21 0 96 5.040

Terbacil 3.1E-07 soil spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 4 5.400

Thifensulfuron methyl 1.3E-10 foliar spray gr 0.2 0.25 0.35 1 0.413

Thiophanate-methyl 1E-07 crop spray wp 0.5 0.25 0.35 37 22.200

Triadimefon 1.5E-08 crop spray wp 0.8 0.25 0.35 7 9.450

Trichlorfon 2E-06 crop spray sp 0.8 0.12 0.35 36 29.880

Triclopyr 1.26E-06 foliar spray ec 0.8 0.56 0.35 454 1175.860

Trifluralin 1.1E-04 soil 

incorporation

ec 0.015 0.56 0.052 3 0.182

Vinclozolin 120.0099 spray ec 0.5 0.56 0.58 16 18.240

Zinc Phosphide 0 powder pellet 0.8 0.27 0 1 1.080

County Total 24529 23472.544

Emissions are calculated for each pesticide active ingredient per county and then summed.

Example calculation for the emissions from Pendimethalin pesticide used in Allegany county.

Emis

Pendimethalin

1257

Lbs

x

0

.

3

5

lbs. VOC

+

1257

year x 0.6 x 0.56 lbs. AI (1-0.6)

Emis

Pendimethalin

= 1495.83 lbs. VOC / year

Emis

Pendimethalin = 1495.83 / 2000 = 0.7479 tons VOC / year

Emis

Pendimethalin = 0.7479 tons VOC / year

The remaining pesticides used in Allegany County are calculated in a similar manner. 

Results:

Since the EPA has released new guidance on the calculation of agricultural pesticide application, 

the new methodology vastly differs from the method used in 1990. In the Maryland Ozone 

Precursor Inventory for 1990, Air and Radiation Management, MDE, September 1993, pesticide 
75

application for the state totaled 42 tons per day. This method assumed 90% volatilization of the 

AI. The method also assumed the inert carrier content to be 145% by weight of the AI. Another 

major assumption is 100% volatilization of the inert carrier. 

Since publication, the accuracy of the old pesticide methodology has been debated by different 

groups. General thoughts from scholars and private industry is that the old methodology over

predicts the volatility of the organics in the pesticide. The new methodology, presented here 

requires many assumptions and uses data that takes account for the different vapor pressures of 

individual active ingredients. This method, along with some general assumptions, estimated 

pesticide emissions at 8.7 tons per day for the state. The decrease is due to the change in 

method, along with a decline in pounds of pesticides applied in the state.

(While the state amount of overall pesticide used in 2011 was similar to 2008, the amount used

in each county for 2011 varied base on the number of harvested acres in each county).
76

3.1.2.12 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use 

SCC: 24 60 100 000 (Personal Care)

24 60 200 000 (Household)

24 60 400 000 (Automotive Aftermarket)

24 60 500 000 (Coatings and Related)

24 60 600 000 (Adhesives and Sealants)

24 60 800 000 (FIFRA - Regulated)

24 60 900 000 (Miscellaneous Products)

Certain commercial/consumer uses of products containing volatile organics cannot easily be 

identified by questionnaires, surveys or other inventory procedures yielding locale-specific 

emission estimates. This category includes the following sources: household products, toiletries, 

aerosol products, rubbing compounds, windshield washing fluid, polishes, waxes, non-industrial 

adhesives, space deodorants, moth control agents and laundry detergents. 

VOC and HAPs

The recommended emission factor that combines emissions from all these sources is 7.84 pounds 

VOC per person per year, from EIIP Volume III, Area Sources, Preferred and Alternate Methods 

(July, 1997). This emission factor excludes non-reactive VOC and takes into account more 

recent volatility levels based on product reformulation, than does AP-42, Fifth Edition. MDE 

used an activity level of 7 days a week and no seasonal adjustment factor as suggested in Table 

5.8-1 in Procedures.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau reports and collects population statistics for the counties of 

Maryland. U.S. Census Bureau Internet address: (http://www.census.gov). 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
77

Emission Factors:

Commercial and Consumer Products (All) 7.84 lbs. VOC/person/year

Original EPA Per Capita VOC Emission Factors 36, 37

Industry SCC

1996 Per Capita

VOC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)

Personal Care Products 2460100000 2.32

Household Products 2460200000 0.79

Automotive Aftermarket Products 2460400000 1.36

Coatings and Related Products 2460500000 0.95

Adhesives and Sealants 2460600000 0.57

FIFRA - Regulated Products 2460800000 178

Miscellaneous Products 2460900000 0.07

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Products) = 7.84

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

Federal regulations provide a 20 percent reduction in emissions from a 3.9 lbs. VOC/person subset 

of the total commercial and consumer products category.

Commercial and consumer products are regulated by three separate category measures. The 

three control measures are; the original Federal regulations, effective, OTC Phase I controls, 

effective, and OTC Phase II controls effective. Each of the control measures are discussed 

briefly below: 

Control Set 1: Federal regulations provide a 20 percent reduction in emissions from 3.9 lbs. 

VOC/person subset of the total commercial and consumer products category. This results in 

following controls per commercial and consumer solvent subcategory:

 

36 Source: Adapted from EPA, 1995

37 Emission factors are based on usage and population data for 1990.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
78

Per Capita VOC Emission Factors After Federal Rule

 Product Category SCC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)c

Personal Care Products 24601000000 2.08

Household Products 24602000000 0.63

Automotive Aftermarket Products 24604000000 1.13

Adhesives and Sealants 24606000000 0.51

FIFRA-Regulated Products 24608000000 1.68

Coatings and Related Products 24605000000 0.95

Miscellaneous Products 24609000000 0.07

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Products) = 7.06

Control Set 2: OTC Phase I rule was based on the five CARB consumer products rules and 

further emission reductions of 14.20 % beyond federal regulation provided in control set one above. 

This results in the following controls per commercial and consumer solvent subcategory:

Per Capita VOC Emission Factors After OCT Phase 1

 Product Category SCC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)c

Personal Care Products 24601000000 1.79

Household Products 24602000000 0.54

Automotive Aftermarket Products 24604000000 0.98

Adhesives and Sealants 24606000000 0.43

FIFRA-Regulated Products 24608000000 1.44

Coatings and Related Products 24605000000 0.82

Miscellaneous Products 24609000000 0.07

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Products) = 6.06

Control Set 3 : OTC Phase II rule was based on the five CARB consumer products rules and 

further emission reductions of 2.0 % beyond federal regulation provided in control set one above. 

This results in the following controls per commercial and consumer solvent subcategory:

Per Capita VOC Emission Factors After OCT Phase 2

 Product Category SCC Emission Factor

(lbs. VOC/person/year)c

Personal Care Products 24601000000 1.7529695
79

Household Products 24602000000 0.5268063

Automotive Aftermarket Products 24604000000 0.9571004

Adhesives and Sealants 24606000000 0.4269687

FIFRA-Regulated Products 24608000000 1.4084942

Coatings and Related Products 24605000000 0.8047066

Miscellaneous Products 24609000000 0.0581146

Total (All Commercial & Consumer Products) = 5.9351604

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The per capita equation used to estimate emissions from commercial and consumer solvents is:

E CC = 

[ POPi x EF CC ] - [ (POPi x CS CC ) x CE CC ]

2000

Where:

E CC = VOC emissions in tons per day from commercial and consumer solvents

POPi = 2011 population of county i (Appendix A)

EF CC = VOC emission factor for commercial and consumer solvents (7.84 lbs. VOC/person)

CS CC = Controlled subset of commercial and consumer solvents (3.9 lbs. VOC/person)

CE CC = Control efficiency for controlled subset of commercial and consumer solvents (20%)

2011 Sample Calculation All Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use (Anne Arundel County)

E CC = 

[ (544,40338) x (7.84 39) ] - [ (544,403x 3.940 ) x 

(0.20)41 ]

2000 

E CC = 1,615.560 tons VOC per year

 

38 2011 Population data from U.S. Bureau of Census, Population Estimates Branch (see Appendices)

39 Emission factor from EIIP Chapter 5 Commercial and Consumer Solvent Use

40 EPA memo from John Sietz

41 EPA memo from John Sietz

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
80

3.1.2.12.1 Barge, Tank, Tank Truck, Rail Car and Drum Cleaning 

SCC: 24 61 160 000

The EPA explained to MDE staff that the agency has not developed an emission factor for this 

category. The EPA also stated that most barge, tank truck, rail car and drum cleaning is done by 

steam cleaning and the residue goes to industrial and public waste disposal treatment plants. It is 

impossible to separate this category's portion of the treatment plant emissions. EPA considers 

the emissions from this category to be insignificant. Emissions from this category are calculated 

for the appropriate facilities in the point source inventory. 

3.1.3 BIOPROCESS EMISSIONS SOURCES

3.1.3.1 Bakeries 

SCC: 23 02 050 000

Bakeries emit VOC, primarily ethanol formed by yeast fermentation of bread or dough, during 

the baking process. Ethanol is emitted through a vent, along with combustion product gases. 

Large commercial bakeries are inventoried as point sources. In-store and neighborhood bakeries 

have lower emissions, and thus are considered area sources. 

VOC

MDE staff followed methodology described in an EIIP Area Source Category Method Abstract –

Bakeries, dated June 1999 and an emission factor of 0.11 tons VOC per employee cited in an April 

24, 1992 Technical Memorandum prepared by Radian Corporation for EPA. Applicable point 

source emissions (those within the same NAICS) taken from the MDE/ARMA registration files 

have been subtracted from the emissions calculated on a per employee basis; and are presented 

below.

Activity

Employee numbers were taken from County Business Patterns 2010 - Maryland, NAICS 

311812, Bakery Products and 311811, Retail Bakeries (see Appendices). Some county 

employment data is represented by a letter code indicating a range for the number of 

employees for that NAICS. In this case the arithmetic average number of employees per 

letter code per county was adjusted so that the state total employment in a NAICS matched 

the sum of the number of employees reported per county.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
81

Emission Factor

An emission factor of 0.11 tons VOC per employee cited in an April 24, 1992 Technical 

Memorandum prepared by Radian Corporation for EPA was utilized. 

Bakery emissions from facilities identified as point sources (NAICS 311812 and 311811) were 

subtracted from the area source inventory to avoid double counting.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from bakeries is:

Equation:

E BAK = EF BAK x EMPj

Where:

E BAK = VOC emissions from small bakeries in tons per year

EF BAK = per employee emission factor for bakeries

EMPj = number of employees at small (less than 20 employees), bakeries in county j

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
82

Point Source Adjustments

E BAK-ADJ = EF BAK x EMPj Pt. Sources

42

Where:

E BAK-ADJ = Point source adjusted bakery emissions

EF BAK = Calculated area source bakery emissions

EMPj Pt. Sources = Point Source Adjustment was done by subtracting employment for Baltimore 

City related sources before calculating emissions. 

2011 Sample Calculation for Bakery VOC Emissions (Baltimore City):

Employees in NAICS 311811 and 311812 in Baltimore City: 1,362 emp

Employees in Baltimore City Bakeries: 947.16 

EMPj Pt. Sources = 1,362 - 947.16 emp

E BAK = 220 x 510.82 lb.s VOC per person per year

E BAK = 112,380 lb.s VOC per person per year

E BAK = (112,380 / 2000) tons VOC per year

E BAK = 56.19 tons VOC per year

 

42 Point Source Reduction from MDE ARMA registration files
83

3.1.3.2 Breweries 

SCC: 23 02 070 001

During the fermentation process, breweries emit ethanol and other VOCs. Although large-scale 

commercial breweries have been inventoried as point sources, there are microbreweries and 

brewpubs that emit lower levels of VOCs and therefore must be inventoried as area sources. 

These smaller breweries emit most of their VOCs from the fermentation room, not the brew 

kettle as is the case with the large breweries. 

VOC

MDE/ARMA staff surveyed small brewpubs and microbreweries in Maryland. 

Activity

The survey questionnaire asked the brewing facilities to provide MDE/ARMA with the 

amount of barrels brewed per month for the calendar year 2011. For those facilities that 

reported only annual production amounts, an average monthly value was used. 

Emission Factor

Emissions from the small breweries were calculated using an emission factor cited in a 

February 5, 1992 Technical Memorandum prepared by Radian Corporation for EPA. This 

emission factor is 56.743 lbs. VOC per 1000 barrels produced. One barrel equals 31 gallons. 

Note: Emf conversion is: 56.743 lb VOC/1000 barrels = 0.05674 lb/barrel = 0.0018303 

lb/gal.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

No controls are available for this source category.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
84

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from bakeries is:

E BREW =

EF BREW x BPj

2000

Where:

E BREW = VOC emissions from small bakeries in tons per year

EF BREW = emission factor for small breweries

BPj = 2011 beer production in barrels

2011 Sample Calculation for Small Brewery VOC Emissions (Baltimore City):

Number barrels produced by microbreweries in Baltimore City = 40,394.85

E BREW =

0.05674 x 40,394.85

2000

E BREW = 1.146E-00 tons VOC per year

Emissions 

Calculation
85

3.1.3.3 Wineries 

SCC: 23 02 070 005

Ethanol emissions from wineries occur during the fermentation process. The emissions vary, 

depending upon the type of wine (red vs. white), the fermentation temperature and the sugar 

content of the grapes used. 

VOC

MDE used the methods and procedures documented in AP-4243, Chapter 12, Beverages, Section 

2, Wines and Brandies dated September 1995. AP42 Chapter 9.12.2

Activity

The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, State 

of Maryland Comptrollers Office, and direct survey of most of Maryland’s wineries 

revealed that approximately 351,819 gallons of wine was produced in 2011. The survey 

suggests that 191,088 gallons of white and 160,731 gallons of red wine were actually 

produced.

Emission Factor

Table 9.12.2-1 of AP-42 shows that ethanol emissions are 1.8 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons of 

white wine fermented and 4.6 lbs. VOC per 1000 gallons of red wine fermented.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

No controls are available for this source category.

 

43 AP42, Chapter 9.12.2: Food and Agricultural Industries, Beverages, Wines and Brandies

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
86

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Emissions Calculation

Emission Factors:

White wine EMtotal = (191,088 gal. x 0.0018 

lb.voc/gal.) / 2000 

White wine EMtotal = 0.172 tons of ethanol

Red wine EMtotal = (160,731 gal. x 0.0046 lb.voc/gal.) / 2000

Red wine EMtotal = 0.370 tons of ethanol

Using the above figures, the production of wine by all Maryland wineries in 2011 resulted in the 

production of 0.542 tons of ethanol. 

3.1.3.4 Distilleries 

Ethanol emissions are the largest component of the VOCs emitted from distilleries. Distilleries 

produce both grain alcohol for industrial and fuel purposes, and distilled spirits such as whiskey 

and brandy for consumption purposes. The emissions points in the distilled spirits 

manufacturing process are likely to be the same as in breweries and wineries, with the aging 

process as an additional source of emissions. During the aging process, ethanol and water seep 

through the wooden barrels used to age whiskey and evaporate into the air. Aging and barrel 

emptying are the major sources of VOC emissions from whiskey production. 

VOC

MDE staff indicated that no distilleries below the 10 ton per year point source cutoff operated in 

the inventory area during 2011. Fugitive VOC emissions from the aging process at large 

distillery operations can be substantial and will be included in the point source inventory. 

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

 red = 0.0046 lb.voc/gal.

white = 0.0018 lb.voc/gal.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
87

3.1.4 CATASTROPHIC/ACCIDENTAL RELEASES

3.1.4.1 Oil Spills 

SCC: 28 30 000 000

Oil spills involve oil tanker accidents, tanker truck accidents, and spills and blowouts from oil 

rigs or pipelines in coastal and inland areas. Because a wide range of fuel types may be spilled, 

the nature and quantity of emissions can vary. Emissions are also influenced by the clean-up 

procedure and by dispersion and weathering processes.

Oil spill evaporation produces local VOC emissions. If spills catch fire, additional SO2, CO, 

CO2, PM, NOx and VOC emissions may result. Other potentially toxic chemical compounds 

may also be released as a result of chemical cleanup

VOC

Activity

Data on oil spills in Maryland were obtained from MDE's Oil Control Program. They 

provided MDE/ARMA staff a yearly report of all oil spills that occurred in Maryland 

during 2011. Spills around Maryland totaled to about 54,373 gallons.

Emission Factor

MDE staff used an emission factor recommended to the Metropolitan Washington Council 

of Governments by E.H. PECHAN and Associates, Inc., the contractor used by MWCOG 

to prepare their 1990 base year inventory. This emission factor was based on a California 

Air Resources Board (CARB), study of air emissions from large oil spills (over 10 million 

gallons of oil). Based on this study, a range of evaporation estimates for reactive organic 

gases was found to be between 5,500 and 13,000 tons. Using this information, an average 

emission factor was calculated to be 0.0000925 tons VOC per gallon of oil spilled. 

No point source adjustments were made.

No controls are available for this source category.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
88

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from oil spills:

E Oil Spills = EF Oil Spills x GOSj

Where:

E Oil Spills = VOC emissions from oil spills in tons VOC per year

EF Oil Spills = tons of pollutant per gallon of oil spilled

GOSi = gallons of oil spilled in county I

2011 Sample Calculation for Oil Spill VOC Emissions (Prince George’s County):

Annual Emissions:

Number gallons oil spilled in Prince George’s County 2011: 5,958 gallons

E Oil Spills = (0.0000925) x (5,958)

E Oil Spills = 0.5511 tons VOC per year

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
89

3.1.4.2 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks / Soil Remediation 

SCC: 26 60 000 000

Many underground storage tanks (USTs) are over 15 years old and are constructed of steel, 

which may rust over time. The underground piping connected to these tanks also has the 

potential to leak. Leaking USTs (leaking underground storage tank sites or LUST sites) are of 

concern because they may result in the contamination of drinking water, subsurface soils, and 

ground and surface water, and may emit toxic and/or explosive vapors. The contaminated soil 

and water may also emit VOC.

VOC

Activity

Emission calculation methods were taken from EIIP, AREA SOURCE CATEGORY 

METHOD ABSTRACT - REMEDIATION OF LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE 

TANKS, 2001. The numbers of LUST sites by county were obtained from MDE’s Oil 

Control Program. No seasonal variation was assumed. Each remediation event takes an 

average of 30 days; during this period emissions are released. 

Emission Factor

An emissions factor of 28 lbs of VOC per day per site was used. 

No point source adjustments were made.

No controls are available for this source category. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
90

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

E LUST =

LS1j x EF x 30 day

2000 lb./ton

Where:

E LUST = VOC emissions in tons per year from leaking underground storage tanks

LS1j = number of remediation site(s) in county j 

EF = emissions factor

2011 Sample Calculation for Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (Anne Arundel County)

No seasonal variation assumed

E LUST-AA =

2 x 28 VOC lbs./day x 30 day

2000 lb./ton

E LUST-AA = 0.84 tons VOC per year

Emissions 

Calculation
91

3.1.5 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, TREATMENT, AND RECOVERY

3.1.5.1 On-site Incineration 

SCC: 2601020000

On-site incineration is the confined burning of waste on a small scale by institutions such as 

hospitals, nursing homes, veterinary offices, funeral homes and laboratories. Large-scale 

incineration is included in the point source inventory.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and HAPS,

In Maryland incinerators are regulated under COMAR 26.11.08. Maryland began regulating 

incinerators for control of particulates in the 1970's. In AQCRs III and IV single chamber 

incinerators, the type that would be used for on-site residential incineration, were banned. All 

such incinerators were rendered inoperative under the direction of the Maryland Department of 

the Environment (MDE). Over 1700 small incinerators were eliminated under this requirement.

In the other Maryland counties included in the Washington, D.C. nonattainment area, 

incineration of trash in on-site incinerators is prohibited except in areas where public trash 

collection is not provided.

COMAR 26.11.08.09 now requires all incinerators to obtain a permit to operate and any person 

who owns or operates an incinerator must obtain certification from MDE and renew the 

certification annually.

MDE/ARMA maintains a registry of all incinerators within the State. Because of the 

requirements prohibiting single chamber incinerators, the requirement for a permit to operate, 

and the operator certification requirements, staff used the sum of the incinerators in the registry 

as representing the total area source emissions from incinerators of all types emitting less than 10 

tons/VOC, 100 tons/yr CO and 50 tons per year NOx. Incinerators from the registry with 

emissions above these thresholds are included in the point source inventory.

No seasonality is applied. The emission factor is chosen by type of incinerator: waste, 

pathological, hazardous, industrial, special medical, sewage sludge and municipal waste 

combustors. The burn rate is determined by stack test or AP-42. Hours of operation and tons of 

waste per day are supplied by the operator. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
92

3.1.5.2 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) 

SCC: 26 30 020 000

Wastewater is usually collected and treated at a public waterworks facility to be filtered and 

reused or discharged into surrounding waterways. While the wastewater is held and being treated 

VOCs are released into the air due to contaminates and byproducts in the water.

VOC 

The emissions from these facilities were calculated based on the method described in EPA EIIP 

II Chapter 5 Section 5.1. 

Activity

The amount of actual flow for each POTW in Maryland was supplied by the MDE’s 

Wastewater Management Administration (see Appendices). MDE staff multiplied this 

amount by the emission factor listed to get VOC emissions from each POTW. The 

individual POTW emissions were then totaled by county. 

Emission Factor

EPA and ERTAC supplied MDE with a new emission factor of 0.44 pounds VOC per 

million gallons of actual flow of wastewater discharged. 

VOC stack emissions in the Air Management registration files from the Patapsco, Western 

Branch, and Back River Wastewater Treatment Plants were subtracted from the totals below.

A seasonal adjustment factor of 1.4 was used when calculating ozone season or daily emissions 

not yearly.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
93

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate yearly emissions from POTWs is:

E POTWY =

ADF I J x EF POTW x 365 days

2000

For seasonal emissions:

E POTWS =

ADF I J x EF POTW x SAF POTW

2000

Where:

E POTWY = VOC emissions in tons VOC per year from POTWs

ADF I J = Actual daily flow into POTW i in county j

EF POTW = VOC emission factor44 for POTWs

SAF POTW = Seasonal adjustment factor45 for peak ozone season which is 1.4

Plant operation is 365 days a year 

2011 Sample Calculation for POTW VOC Emissions (Howard County):

Little Patuxent Treatment Plant statistics46:

Actual daily flow (MGD)47: 15.755

E POTWY =

(15.755) x (0.44 lbs.VOC / gal) x 365 days

2000

E POTWY = 1.27 tons VOC / year 

 

44 Emission factor taken from Procedures, Section 3.5.1

45 Seasonal adjustment factor taken from Procedures, Table 5.8.1

46 Supplied by the Maryland Water Management Administration (see Appendices)

47 MGD : Million Gallons per Day

Emissions 

Calculation
94

3.1.5.3 Open Burning – Land Clearing Debris 

SCC: 26 10 000 500

Open burning of land clearing debris refers to the clearing of land for new construction and the 

burning of organic material (i.e., trees, shrubs and other vegetation). The clearing of land for the 

construction of new buildings and highways often results in debris consisting of trees, shrubs, 

and brush. This debris may be burned in place but it is usually collected in piles for burning. The 

burning of land clearing wastes may be practiced by private individuals, corporations, and 

government agencies (e.g., highway construction department). There are no federal laws 

restricting the open burning of land clearing wastes, although state or local laws may exist.

Residential open burning without a permit is prohibited under Maryland law (COMAR 

26.11.07), where trash and leaf collection is available. The basic difference between the 

regulation as it applies to counties in AQCRs III and IV and the rest of the state is the 

requirements under which the burn takes place, i.e., minimum setbacks from property lines, etc. 

In the more rural counties, areas with no available trash collection are more prevalent. MDE 

adopted a regulation that prohibits open burning during the peak ozone period (June to August). 

The seasonal prohibition only affects those counties that lie within serious and severe ozone 

nonattainment areas. Certain exemptions must be in place however so as not to adversely affect 

agriculture or restrict fire training and recreational activities. Commercial open burning without 

a permit is prohibited in Maryland. 

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM10 and PM2.5

The method used to calculate emissions, is presented in EIIP48, Chapter 16, Open Burning 

(Revised Final 2001). 

Activity

The number of acres disturbed by residential, non-residential and roadway construction are 

estimated and then these values are added together to obtain a county-level estimate of total 

acres disturbed by land-clearing. County-level emissions from land clearing debris are then 

calculated by multiplying the total acres disturbed by construction by a weighted loading 

factor and emission factor. 

The BELD database in BEIS was used to determine the number of acres of hardwoods, 

softwoods, and grasses in each county. Average loading factors were weighted according 

to the percent contribution of each type of vegetation class to the total land area for each 

county. The loading factors for slash hardwood and slash softwood were further adjusted 

 

48 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
95

by a factor of 1.5 to account for the mass of tree that is below the soil surface that would 

also be subject to burning once the land is cleared.

Fuel loading factors are as follows:

Fuel Type Fuel Load Factor 

(tons/acre)

Adjusted Load Factor 

(tons/acre)

Hardwood 99 148.5

Softwood 57 85.5

Grass 4.5 4.5

Average fuel loading factors were calculated as follows:

LF OB –LCD – COi =

(Acres HW-COi x LFAdj-HW) +(Acres SW-COi x LFAdj-SW) +(Acres GR-COi x LFAdj-GR)

Acres TOT-COi

LFOB –LCD – COi = Average Load Factor in County i

Acres HW-COi = Acres of hardwood in County i from BELD database

LFAdj-HW = Adjusted Load Factor for Hardwood

Acres SW-COi = Acres of softwood in County i from BELD database

LFAdj-SW = Adjusted Load Factor for Softwood

Acres GR-COi = Acres of grasses in County i from BELD database

LFAdj-GR = Adjusted Load Factor for Grasses

Acres TOT-COi = Total Land Acres in County i 

Emission Factors 

49

Emission factors in lbs. /ton were taken from AP-42 Table 2.5-1, Emission Factors for Open 

Burning of Municipal Refuse and are listed below:

VOC 11.6 Lbs. VOC/ ton 

SOx 0.0 Lbs. SOx/ ton 

CO 169 Lbs. CO/ ton 

PM10 17 Lbs. PM10/ ton 

PM2.5 17 Lbs. PM2.5/ ton

NOx 5 Lbs. NNOx/ ton 

Ozone Season Daily (OSD) emissions calculated by multiplying annual emissions by 0.25 

then dividing by 92.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

 

49 Emissions factors for VOC NOx, CO, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were obtained from AP-42 Table 2.5-1.

Point Source 

Adjustments
96

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Emissions are temporally allocated to months or seasons by the number of permits issued 

per month per county.

Annual Emissions

E OB –LCD – Ann =

AD R-NR-Road x LF OB –LCD – COi x EF OB i

2000

E OB –LCD – Ann = Annual emissions from open burning of land clearing debris

AD R-NR-Road = Acres disturbed from Residential, Non-residential and Roadway 

construction in the county

LF OB –LCD – COi= Average Load Factor in County i 

FL HW-SW-G = Fuel loading factor for hardwoods, softwoods, and grasses

EF OB i = Open burning emission factor for pollutant i in lbs. / ton 

Ozone Season Daily Emissions

E OB –LCD – Day =

E OB –LCD – Ann

4 x 92

E OB –LCD – Day = Ozone Season Daily emissions from open burning

E OB –LCD – Ann = Annual emissions from open burning of land clearing debris

4 = Number of seasons in the year

92 = Days in the season

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
97

3.1.5.4 Open Burning – Residential Municipal Solid Waste 

 

SCC: 26 10 030 000

Open burning is the unconfined burning of wood, leaves, land clearing debris, household waste, 

and agricultural crop waste. Household waste is often referred to as residential municipal solid 

waste (MSW); a term for nonhazardous refuse produced by households (e.g., paper, plastics, 

metals, wood, glass, rubber, leather, textiles, and food wastes). 

Open burning without a permit is prohibited in Maryland where trash and leaf collection is 

available, (COMAR 26.11.07). The basic difference between the regulation as it applies to 

counties in AQCRs III and IV and the rest of the state is the requirements under which the burn 

takes place, i.e., minimum setbacks from property lines, etc. In the more rural counties, areas 

with no available trash collection are more prevalent. MDE adopted a regulation that prohibits 

open burning during the peak ozone period (June to August). The seasonal prohibition only 

affects those counties that lie within serious and severe ozone nonattainment areas. Certain 

exemptions must be in place however so as not to adversely affect agriculture or restrict fire 

training and recreational activities.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions is presented in a study/survey conducted by the MidAtlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU), titled “Open Burning in Residential Areas 

Emissions Inventory Development Report.”50

Activity

The purpose of the survey was to obtain data for developing activity estimates and control 

information (e.g., bans on burning) that would form the basis of an improved open burning 

emission inventory for Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) states and 

tribes for the year 2002. But for 2011, the percentages used to calculate emissions are the 

same; the emissions increase or decrease due to the estimated number of households that 

burn and the amount of material burned. 

A rule effectiveness (RE) survey was also taken to estimate controlled emissions for areas

under restriction. Household waste burning surveys were completed for 72 respondents or 

jurisdictions, while yard waste surveys were conducted for 181 respondents. The 

respondents for this survey were typically local fire wardens or chiefs. Rule effectiveness 

surveys related to residential MSW rules were conducted for 49 respondents, while RE 

 

50 Open Burning in Residential Areas Emissions Inventory Development Report, Prepared by E.H. PECHAN & 

Associates, Inc. for the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, dated January 31, 2004.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
98

surveys for yard waste burning rules were performed for 51 respondents. In obtaining 

survey responses, PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas 

classified as urban, suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined 

using data from the 2000 U.S. Census). PECHAN also developed a control database for 

each open burning category that describes the recommended control efficiency (CE) and 

rule penetration (RP) values by state and county, and by sub-county, where applicable.

Open burning activity estimates recorded from the survey were used directly to estimate 

emissions for the surveyed jurisdictions. For the non-surveyed areas, including tribal lands, 

the default activity data derived from all survey responses were applied. Households are 

defined as detached single-family unit dwellings, and were updated by using the 2011 U.S. 

Census.

Emission Factors

Emission factors in lbs/ton total mass were taken from AP-42 Table 2.5-1 Emission 

Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse and from a 1997 EPA research paper on 

open burning51 are listed below: 

Type of PM2.5 PM10 VOC NOX SO2 CO

SCC Waste lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton

2610030000 HH MSW 34.8 38 8.56 6 1 85

2610000100 Leaf Waste 22 22 28 6.2 0.76 112

2610000400 Brush Waste 15.21 19.73 19 5 1.66 140

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

If an area has controls or prohibitions on residential burning, controlled emissions were

calculated from uncontrolled emissions using the following equation:

Ec = Euc * [(1-(CE)(RP)(RE)] 

 

51 EPA. 1997. Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning Of Household Waste in Barrels. EPA-600/R-97-

134a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Control Technologies Center./ Research Triangle Park, North 

Carolina.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls
99

Where:

Ec = Controlled area source emissions

Euc = Uncontrolled area source emissions

CE = % Control efficiency varied 0 to 100%

RP = % Rule penetration varied 0 to 100%

RE = % Rule effectiveness was 96.8%

The following sections describe how values for CE, RP and RE were derived from surveys.

Rule Effectiveness

PECHAN evaluated differences in RE between rural/suburban and urban areas, as well as 

differences in RE for MSW and yard waste burning. Although one may expect that RE would be 

higher for urban than for suburban or rural areas, ANOVA of the survey results from these 

geographic subdivisions, as well as for the different open burning categories, did not show that 

RE values were drawn from distinct populations. Therefore, the final selection of RE reflects a 

value for all areas and all burning categories.

There were a total of 26 RE survey responses that included information on the number of 

violating households. To calculate RE, PECHAN used the number of households violating the 

rule, and the number of households expected to perform open burning for areas in the region 

where there is no rule (i.e., # households x fraction of open burning households by region from 

survey). 

The RE values obtained from the survey responses will be used for the specific State or

jurisdiction surveyed. Non-surveyed areas could not be assigned a jurisdiction-specific RE

because no responses were obtained. PECHAN did not develop state specific RE value. They 

believed that local jurisdictions in individual states implemented their rules the same as local 

jurisdictions in the MANE-VU region. To estimate a default RE value for the remaining areas, 

the survey data were statistically analyzed. After evaluating the data using the Census 2000 data, 

a mean value of 96.8 percent reflected the best estimator of central tendency. As such, PECHAN

applied a rule effectiveness of 96.8 percent to all areas and for both MSW and yard waste 

burning (PECHAN, 2002b).

Control Efficiency and Rule Penetration

For those areas identified to have a control, CE is assumed to be 100 percent (since the control is 

typically a ban on burning activity). For MSW burning, with the exception of Pennsylvania, 

PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and 100 percent RP to urban and suburban areas in the 

MANE-VU region (i.e., even if the state did not have a statewide ban on burning). In

Pennsylvania, unless a jurisdiction or county (e.g., Allegheny County) was determined via

survey to have a ban, it will be assumed that suburban and rural areas allow open burning. For

yard waste burning, PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and RP to all urban areas in the MANEVU region. Yard waste emissions calculated for suburban and urban areas were assumed to be

uncontrolled, unless the survey data or other statewide or local control information indicated

otherwise. For municipal yard waste burning areas were assumed to either perform this activity
100

and have associated emissions, or did not conduct burns and therefore were assigned zero

emissions.

In determining annual emissions for those areas with a seasonal ban, PECHAN adjusted the RP

by the length of the seasonal ban relative to the entire year. The RP value also depends on how

the time period of the ban overlaps with the activity profile for the specific category of burning.

For example, for brush waste burning, the survey data revealed an average activity profile as

follows: Winter–20%; Spring–46%; Summer–6%; and Fall–28%. So, for an area that has a brush 

burning ban in the summer, although some percentage of burning is likely to be prevented during 

this season, we assume that 2 percent of the summer season brush burning in August is delayed 

until September when burning is permitted, resulting in an RP of 4 percent to apply to annual 

brush waste burning emissions. As mentioned in the discussion of temporal allocation profiles, 

this also has an affect on the monthly activity profile. A summer RP value of 4 percent would 

result in a revised temporal allocation profile to be: Winter–20%; Spring–46%; Summer–4%; 

and Fall–30%.

Control Percentages used for each county:

STATE CO SCC RE RP CE

24001 2610030000 96.80% 82.61% 82.61%

24003 2610030000 96.80% 93.62% 100%

24005 2610030000 96.80% 94.80% 100%

24009 2610030000 96.80% 60.29% 100%

24011 2610030000 96.80% 28.57% 28.57%

24013 2610030000 96.80% 100% 100%

24015 2610030000 96.80% 62.50% 100%

24017 2610030000 96.80% 68.75% 100%

24019 2610030000 96.80% 33.33% 33.33%

24021 2610030000 96.80% 71.88% 100%

24023 2610030000 96.80% 14.29% 14.29%

24025 2610030000 96.80% 80% 100%

24027 2610030000 96.80% 92.68% 100%

24029 2610030000 96.80% 40% 40%

24031 2610030000 96.80% 98.31% 100%

24033 2610030000 96.80% 100% 100%

24035 2610030000 96.80% 25% 100%

24037 2610030000 96.80% 40% 40%

24039 2610030000 96.80% 50% 50%

24041 2610030000 96.80% 33.33% 33.33%

24043 2610030000 96.80% 0% 0%

24045 2610030000 96.80% 94.12% 94.12%

24047 2610030000 96.80% 75% 75%

24510 2610030000 96.80% 0% 0%
101

Spatial

PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas classified as urban, 

suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined using data from the 

2000 U.S. Census).

Temporal

Activity estimates and associated emissions are calculated on an annual basis. PECHAN

proposes the following temporal allocation profiles to represent monthly, weekly, and daily 

activity profiles by SCC (see Tables II-2 through II-5). The monthly activity profiles were 

developed based on data obtained from the survey. The weekly and weekday/weekend 

profiles were developed based on engineering judgment. These profiles will be applied to 

annual activity for all areas of MANE-VU (i.e., variations in regional, State, or tribal areas 

are not accounted for).

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (monthly)

SCC 

Month 

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

2610030000 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 

2610000400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067 

2610040400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067 

2610000100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.333 0.333 0.333 0.000 

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (weekly)

SCC

Day of Week

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

2610030000 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610000400 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610040400 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.000 0.000

2610000100 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekday)

SCC 

Weekday Hour 

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

SCC 

Weekday Hour 

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0000 

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
102

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekend day)

SCC 

Weekend Day Hour 

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

SCC 

Weekend Day Hour 

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0000 

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

Emissions were calculated at a census tract level and summed over a county for county level 

emissions. A county level sample emission calculation will not be presented here, however the 

equations for a particular census tract are presented below. All of the census tracts in a county 

would then be summed for county level emission estimates.

The equation for estimating the mass of waste burned is:

WtmSW  HH *Bt *M

Where:

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

HH = Number of households that burn (Question 1, Part 2 of survey)

Bt = Number of burns per time period (Question 3, Part 2)

M = Mass of waste per burn (Question 5, Part 3) 

Uncontrolled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

EUNC = Wt MSW* EF 

Where:

EUNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

EF = Emission factor per pollutant

Controlled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

EC = EUNC * [(1-(CE)(RP)(RE)] 

where: EC = Controlled area source emissions

EUNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions

Emissions 

Calculation
103

3.1.5.5 Open Burning – Residential Yard Waste

SCC: 26 10 000 100 (Leaf Debris)

SCC: 26 10 000 400 (Brush Debris)

Open burning is the unconfined burning of wood, leaves, land clearing debris, household waste, 

and agricultural crop waste. Household waste often referred to as residential municipal solid 

waste (MSW), is a term for nonhazardous refuse produced by households (e.g., paper, plastics, 

metals, wood, glass, rubber, leather, textiles, and food wastes). 

Open burning without a permit is prohibited in Maryland where trash and leaf collection is 

available, COMAR 26.11.07. The basic difference between the regulation as it applies to 

counties in AQCRs III and IV and the rest of the state is the requirements under which the burn 

takes place, i.e., minimum setbacks from property lines, etc. In the more rural counties, areas 

with no available trash collection are more prevalent. MDE adopted a regulation that prohibits 

open burning during the peak ozone period (June to August). The seasonal prohibition only 

affects those counties that lie within serious and severe ozone nonattainment areas. Certain 

exemptions must be in place however so as not to adversely affect agriculture or restrict fire 

training and recreational activities.

VOC, NOx, SOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and HAPs

The method used to calculate emissions is presented in a study/survey conducted by the MidAtlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU), titled “Open Burning in Residential Areas 

Emissions Inventory Development Report.”52

Activity

The purpose of the survey was to obtain data for developing activity estimates and control 

information (e.g., bans on burning) that would form the basis of an improved open burning 

emission inventory for Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) states and 

tribes for the year 2002. But for 2011, the percentages used to calculate emissions are the 

same; the emissions increase or decrease due to the estimated number of households that 

burn and the amount of material burned. 

A rule effectiveness (RE) survey was also taken to estimate controlled emissions for areas

under restriction. Household waste burning surveys were completed for 72 respondents or 

jurisdictions, while yard waste surveys were conducted for 181 respondents. The 

respondents for this survey were typically local fire wardens or chiefs. Rule effectiveness 

surveys related to residential MSW rules were conducted for 49 respondents, while RE 

 

52 Open Burning in Residential Areas Emissions Inventory Development Report, Prepared by E.H. PECHAN & 

Associates, Inc. for the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, dated January 31, 2004.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
104

surveys for yard waste burning rules were performed for 51 respondents. In obtaining 

survey responses, PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas 

classified as urban, suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined 

using data from the 2000 U.S. Census). PECHAN also developed a control database for 

each open burning category that describes the recommended control efficiency (CE), rule 

penetration (RP) values by state per county, and by sub-county, where applicable.

Open burning activity estimates recorded from the survey were used directly to estimate 

emissions for the surveyed jurisdictions. For the non-surveyed areas, including tribal lands, 

the default activity data derived from all survey responses were applied. Households are 

defined as detached single-family unit dwellings, and were updated by using the 2011 U.S. 

Census.

Emission Factors

Emission factors in lbs/ton total mass were taken from AP-42 Table 2.5-1 Emission 

Factors for Open Burning of Municipal Refuse and from a 1997 EPA research paper on 

open burning53 are listed below: 

Type of PM2.5 PM10 VOC NOX SO2 CO

SCC Waste lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton lb/ton

2610030000 HH MSW 34.8 38 8.56 6 1 85

2610000100 Leaf Waste 22 22 28 6.2 0.76 112

2610000400 Brush Waste 15.21 19.73 19 5 1.66 140

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

If an area has controls or prohibitions on residential burning, controlled emissions were

calculated from uncontrolled emissions using the following equation:

Ec = Euc * [(1-(CE)(RP)(RE)] 

 

53 EPA. 1997. Evaluation of Emissions from the Open Burning Of Household Waste in Barrels. EPA-600/R-97-

134a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Control Technologies Center / Research Triangle Park, North 

Carolina

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls
105

Where:

Ec = Controlled area source emissions

Euc = Uncontrolled area source emissions

CE = % Control efficiency varied 0% to 100%

RP = % Rule penetration varied 0% to 100%

RE = % Rule effectiveness 96.8%

The following sections describe how values for CE, RP, and RE were derived from surveys.

Rule Effectiveness

PECHAN evaluated differences in RE between rural/suburban and urban areas, as well as 

differences in RE for MSW and yard waste burning. Although one may expect that RE would be 

higher for urban than for suburban or rural areas, ANOVA of the survey results from these 

geographic subdivisions, as well as for the different open burning categories, did not show that 

RE values were drawn from distinct populations. Therefore, the final selection of RE reflects a 

value for all areas and all burning categories.

There were a total of 26 RE survey responses that included information on the number of 

violating households. To calculate RE, PECHAN used the number of households violating the 

rule, and the number of households expected to perform open burning for areas in the region 

where there is no rule (i.e., # households x fraction of open burning households by region from 

survey). 

The RE values obtained from the survey responses will be used for the specific State or

jurisdiction surveyed. Non-surveyed areas could not be assigned a jurisdiction-specific RE

because no responses were obtained. PECHAN did not develop state specific RE value. They 

believed that local jurisdictions in individual states implemented their rules the same as local 

jurisdictions in the MANE-VU region. To estimate a default RE value for the remaining areas, 

the survey data were statistically analyzed. After evaluating the data using the Census 2000 data, 

a mean value of 96.8 percent reflected the best estimator of central tendency. As such, PECHAN

applied a rule effectiveness of 96.8 percent to all areas and for both MSW and yard waste 

burning (PECHAN, 2002b).

Control Efficiency and Rule Penetration

For those areas identified to have a control, CE is assumed to be 100 percent (since the control is 

typically a ban on burning activity). For MSW burning, with the exception of Pennsylvania, 

PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and 100 percent RP to urban and suburban areas in the 

MANE-VU region (i.e., even if the state did not have a statewide ban on burning). In

Pennsylvania, unless a jurisdiction or county (e.g., Allegheny County) was determined via

survey to have a ban, it will be assumed that suburban and rural areas allow open burning. For

yard waste burning, PECHAN assigned 100 percent CE and RP to all urban areas in the MANEVU region. Yard waste emissions calculated for suburban and urban areas were assumed to be

uncontrolled, unless the survey data or other statewide or local control information indicated

otherwise. For the municipal yard waste burning category, areas that performed this activity had

associated emissions, or did not conduct burns and therefore were assigned zero emissions.
106

In determining annual emissions for those areas with a seasonal ban, PECHAN adjusted the RP

by the length of the seasonal ban relative to the entire year. The RP value also depends on how

the time period of the ban overlaps with the activity profile for the specific category of burning.

For example, for brush waste burning, the survey data revealed an average activity profile as

follows: Winter–20%; Spring–46%; Summer–6%; and Fall–28%. So, for an area that has a brush 

burning ban in the summer, although some percentage of burning is likely to be prevented during 

this season, we assume that 2 percent of the summer season brush burning in August is delayed 

until September when burning is permitted, resulting in an RP of 4 percent to apply to annual 

brush waste burning emissions. As mentioned in the discussion of temporal allocation profiles, 

this also has an affect on the monthly activity profile. A summer RP value of 4 percent would 

result in a revised temporal allocation profile to be: Winter–20%; Spring–46%; Summer– 4%; 

and Fall–30%.

Spatial

PECHAN collected activity data and control information for areas classified as urban, 

suburban, and rural, or a combination of these designations (defined using data from the 

2000 U.S. Census).

Temporal

Activity estimates and associated emissions are calculated on an annual basis. PECHAN

proposes the following temporal allocation profiles to represent monthly, weekly, and daily 

activity profiles by SCC (see Tables II-2 through II-5). The monthly activity profiles were 

developed based on data obtained from the survey. The weekly and weekday/weekend 

profiles were developed based on engineering judgment. These profiles will be applied to 

annual activity for all areas of MANE-VU (i.e., variations in regional, State, or tribal areas 

are not accounted for).

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (monthly)

SCC 

Month 

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

2610030000 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 

2610000400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067 

2610040400 0.067 0.067 0.153 0.153 0.153 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.093 0.093 0.093 0.067 

2610000100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.333 0.333 0.333 0.000 

 Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (weekly)

SCC

Day of Week

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

2610030000 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610000400 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

2610040400 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.000 0.000

2610000100 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.222 0.222

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
107

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekday)

SCC 

Weekday Hour 

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

SCC 

Weekday Hour 

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0000 

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

Temporal Allocation Profile Formats (daily; weekend day)

SCC 

Weekend Day Hour 

0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 

2610030000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610040400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

2610000100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 

SCC 

Weekend Day Hour 

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 0000 

2610030000 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610040400 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

2610000100 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0.071 0 0 0 0 

Emissions were calculated at a census tract level and summed over a county for county level 

emissions. A county level sample emission calculation will not be presented here, however the 

equations for a particular census tract are presented below. All of the census tracts in a county 

would then be summed for county level emission estimates.

The equation for estimating the mass of waste burned is:

WtmSW  HH *Bt *M

Where:

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

HH = Number of households that burn (Question 1, Part 2 of survey)

Bt = Number of burns per time period (Question 3, Part 2)

M = Mass of waste per burn (Question 5, Part 3) 

Emissions 

Calculation
108

Uncontrolled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

EUNC = Wt MSW* EF 

Where:

EUNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions

Wt MSW = Mass of waste burned per time period

EF = Emission factor per pollutant

Controlled emissions were then calculated using the following equation:

EC = EUNC * [(1-(CE)(RP)(RE)] 

Where:

EC = Controlled area source emissions

EUNC = Uncontrolled area source emissions

CE = % Control efficiency/100

RP = % Rule penetration/100

RE = % Rule effectiveness/100
109

3.1.5.6 Cremation – Animal and Human

SCC: 28 10 060 100 (Humans)

28 10 060 200 (Animals)

Propane-fired burners (afterburner and ignition) are typically used at cemeteries for human body 

and animal cremation. Burners are usually rated at 2,115,000 Btu per hour capacity. Newer units 

installed in the late 1980's are equipped with a modulating ignition burner. When afterburner 

temperatures reach about 1800 F (980 C), the ignition burner modulates to a low-fire mode that 

will reduce the Btu per hour usage.

When the crematory reaches an operating temperature of 1,250 F (680 C) the body container is 

placed on the combustion chamber grate and the ignition burner is fired to attain a target 

combustion temperature sufficient for the proper reduction of human remains. The chamber 

preheats by the afterburner reaches 1,250 F (680 C) in about 30 to 45 minutes prior to ash 

removal. When the body container is introduced into the combustion chamber, and the burner is 

ignited, cremation begins at about 1600 to 1800 F (870 to 980 C). Flame impingement on the 

body takes two to three minutes; cremation occurs for about two hours. The remains are then 

raked towards the ignition burner for about two minutes. Cool-down follows for 45 minutes to 

1.5 hours.

HAPs (Criteria Pollutants were not calculated)

The method used to calculate emissions, is presented in “Documentation for the 1996 Base Year 

National Toxics Inventory for Area Sources” prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc. (May 31, 

2001) and distributed by U.S. EPA Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division, Emission 

Factor and Inventory Group. 

Activity

In Maryland crematories are regulated under COMAR. COMAR now requires all 

crematories to obtain a permit to operate and any person who owns or operates an 

crematory must obtain certification from MDE and renew the certification annually.

MDE/ARMA maintains a registry of all crematories within the State. Because of the 

requirement for a permit to operate, and the operator certification requirements, staff used 

the sum of the crematories in the registry as representing the total area source emissions 

from crematories of all types emitting less than 10 tons/VOC, 100 tons/yr CO and 50 tons 

per year NOx. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
110

Emission Factors

Emission factors these hazardous air pollutants, except formaldehyde, were taken from the 

State of California Air Resources Board Test Report No. C-90-00454. The emission factor 

used for formaldehyde was reported in the USEPA FIRE55 system database. 

Emission factors were converted to a pound per ton basis using the procedure provided by 

the Emission Standards Division56. National activity was provided by the Emissions 

Standards Division based on an assumed body weight of 150 pounds and information 

reported by the Cremation Association of North America57 that 21.13 percent of bodies 

were cremated and that there were 2,322,265 deaths in the United States in 199658.

Pollutant

Animal and Human Cremation 

Emission Factor

Lbs. pollutant / ton cremated

arsenic 4.00E-04

beryllium 1.84E-05

cadmium 1.48E-04

chromium 3.99E-04

formaldehyde 2.89E-09

nickel 5.09E-04

POM as 16-PAH 9.63E-04

POM as 7-PAH 1.03E-09

Mercury 4.39E-02

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

 

54 State of California Air Resources Board, Engineering Evaluation Branch, Monitoring and Laboratory Division. 

“Evaluation Test on Two Propane Fired Crematories at Camellia Lawn Cemetary.” Test Report No. C-90-004. 

October 29, 1992

55 U.S. EPA. Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) System Database, Version 5.1a. Research Triangle Park, NC. 

September 1995.

56 Crume, Richard, U.S. EPA, Emission Standards Division. Note to Anne Pope, U.S. EPA/Emissions Monitoring 

and Analysis Division. Comments on Human and Animal Cremation information in the “Baseline Emission 

Inventory of HAP Emissions from MACT Sources – Interim Final Report,” September 18, 1998. October 30, 1998.

57 Cremation Association of North America. 1996 Statistics as found on the Internet Cremation Society, Cremation 

Stats Nationwide webpage: www.cremation.org/stats.htm

58 Ventura, S. et al. “Births and Deaths: United States, 1996.” Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 64, No. 1, 

Supplement 2. Setpember 11, 1997. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Dieseas Control 

and Prevention, National Center for Health and Statistics.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls
111

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation for estimating emissions from crematories is:

2000

TON * EF Ecty

CREM 

Where:

E CREM = Annual emissions from crematories 

TON cty = Tons cremated per year in county

EF = Emission Factor per pollutant (lbs/ton)

2011 Sample Calculation (Harford County)

Arsenic Annual Emissions:

2000

TON * EF Ecty

CREM 

TON cty = 226.67

EF = 0.0004 lbs Arsenic/Ton Cremated

E CREM =

(226.67) x (0.0004)

(2000 lbs/ton)

E CREM = 4.53E-05 tons Arsenic per year

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
112

3.1.5.7 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

SCC: 26 20 030 000

Municipal solid waste landfills receive household and commercial trash. VOC emissions are 

produced from volatilization, chemical reaction and biological decomposition of waste. Methane 

and Carbon dioxide are the primary constituents of landfill gas, and are produced during 

anaerobic decomposition of cellulose and proteins in the land filled waste. 98.7 percent of 

landfill emissions are methane and carbon dioxide according to the Volatile Organic Compounds 

Species Data Manual, an EPA publication. In addition to methane and carbon dioxide, nonmethane organic carbons (NMOCs) are produced as a small fraction of the landfill gas emissions 

(less than 1%). NMOCs include hazardous air pollutants and reactive VOCs.

VOC

The method used to calculate emissions, is presented in AP-42, Chapter 2.4, Municipal Solid 

Waste Landfills and EIIP59, Volume III, Chapter 15, Landfills, dated September 1997. 

Emission estimation assumptions were also made using supporting documents Standards of 

Performance for New Stationary Sources (NARA, 1991a) and Emission Guidelines for Control 

of Existing Sources (NARA, 1997b). 

To estimate emissions for the various compounds present in landfill gas, total landfill gas 

emissions must first be estimated. Emissions of landfill gas were calculated using a computer 

program known as the Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM 3.02). The model equation is 

as follows:

 

Where:

QCH4 = annual methane generation in the year of the calculation (m3/year)

i = 1 year time increment

n = (year of the calculation) - (initial year of waste acceptance)

j = 0.1 year time increment

k = methane generation rate (year-1)

Lo = potential methane generation capacity (m3/Mg)

 

59 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
113

Mi = mass of waste accepted in the ith year (Mg)

tij = age of the jth section of waste mass Mi accepted in the ith year (decimal years, e.g.,

3.2 years)

Site-specific landfill information is generally available for variables Mi, n, and tij. A more 

detailed explanation on how to run the model can be found in the LandGEM 3.02 Users Guide at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/landgem-v302-guide.pdf .

Landgem Model Parameters AP-42 Default Values

Lo : 100.00 m3/ Mg Methane Generation Potential

k : 0.0400 1/yr Decay Rate/Rate of Decomposition

NMOC : 595.00 ppmv Non-methane Concentration

Methane : 50.00 % volume 

Carbon Dioxide : 50..00 % volume

Activity

Data was obtained from MDE’s Solid Waste Program and from the landfill facilities 

directly.

Emission Factors

 All factors are incorporated into the LandGEM model.

Thirteen municipal solid waste landfills were considered point sources and LandGEM model 

runs for these landfills were done, but keep out of the Area source emission estimates.

Emission reductions were calculated for landfills that used control technology to reduce 

emissions.

Controlled emissions from landfills were calculated in the following manner:

Equation:

E CON-LF = {E UNC-LF x (1 – CEFF)} + {E UNC-LF x C EFF x [1 – (D EFF x RE)]}

Where:

E CON-LF = Controlled emissions from landfills

E UNC-LF = Uncontrolled emissions from landfills (generated from the LandGEM model)

C EFF = Landfill collection efficiency (EPA default = 75%)

D EFF = Control device destruction efficiency (98%)

RE = Rule effectiveness (EPA default 80%) 

Data for spatial and temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
114

3.1.6 SMALL STATIONARY SOURCE FOSSIL FUEL USE

3.1.6.1 Small Electric Utility Boilers 

All small electric utility boilers are inventoried in the point source category. The list of small 

boilers from Inventory of Power Plants in the United States, DOE/EIA-0095(88) was obtained 

and indicated that all small electric boilers were included in the point source inventory.

3.1.6.2 Other Fuel Consumption 

Coke and process gas emissions will be inventoried as point sources. 
115

3.1.6.3 Fuel Oil Combustion 

SCC: 21 04 011 000 (residential kerosene)

21 03 011 000 (commercial/institutional kerosene)

21 04 004 000 (residential distillate oil)

21 03 004 000 (commercial/institutional distillate oil)

21 03 005 000 (commercial/institutional residual oil)

Data collection for fuel oil consumption covers the use of both distillate and residual oil. 

Distillate oil includes fuel oil grades 1,2 and 4. Diesel fuel and kerosene also can be considered 

as distillate oils. Residential and commercial/institutional sources are the largest consumers of 

distillate oil, nationwide. Residual oil includes fuel oil grades 5 and 6. In most areas residual oil 

is not used by residential sources, but industrial and commercial/institutional users may consume 

significant amounts. 

PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

Activity

Total sales statistics of kerosene, distillate oil, and residual oil in the State of Maryland 

were obtained from the Annual Report on Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene, 2011, published 

by Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy60.

Emission Factors

Uncontrollled Emission Factors – AP-42 Tables 1.3-1 and 1.3-3 (hand-fed units)

Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial

Distillate Kerosene Distillate Kerosene Residual Residual 1% S

lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal lbs/Kgal

PM10-FIL 1.080 1.080 1.080 1.080 13.494 7.703

PM2.5-FIL 0.830 0.830 0.830 0.830 5.011 2.861

PM-CON 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.500 1.500

NH3 1.000 1.000 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

SO2 43.200 41.657 43.200 41.657 318.000 159.000

NOx 18.000 18.000 20.000 20.000 55.000 55.000

CO 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000

VOC 0.713 0.713 0.340 0.340 1.130 1.130

 

60 Total residential distillate oil use in the State of Maryland in 2011 from U.S Department of Energy, Energy 

Information Administration, Office of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, "Annual Report on Sales of Fuel 

Oil and Kerosene, 2011".

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
116

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

This information on total sales of kerosene, distillate oil and residual oil was broken down 

to the county level using a spatial allocation factor documented and recommended by 

EIIP61 in an Area Source Method Abstract for Residential and Commercial/Institutional 

Fuel Oil and Kerosene combustion.

MDE developed an allocation factor from local and state totals of annual heating-degree 

days and population with fuel oil to spatially allocate fuel oil consumption. The method is 

A “heating-degree day” is a unit of measure used to indicate how cold it has been over a 

24-hour period. Daily heating-degree days are calculated as the difference between the 

base value of 65°F and the mean temperature for the day (mean of the high and low 

temperatures for the day).

Annual heating degree days are the sum of the daily heating degree days. Heating degree 

data is available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 

(NOAA).62





AllCountiesInState

County County

InventoryCounty InventoryCounty

InventoryCounty

HDD POP

HDD POP SAF

( * )

*

Where:

SAF InventoryCounty = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county

HDD InventoryCounty = Annual heating degree days for inventory county 

POP InventoryCounty = Population of the inventory county 

HDD County = Annual heating degree days for each county in the state 

POP County = Population for each county in the state

 

61 Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) Area Source Method Abstract – Residential and 

Commercial/Institutional Fuel Oil and Kerosene Combustion, dated April 2011.

62 http://www.noaa.gov (home page) or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html#PUBS (for a list 

of available data)

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
117

The spatial apportioning factor is used to allocate the state fuel total to the county level using 

the following equation:

Fuel INVENTORY COUNTY = SAF INVENTORY COUNTY x Fuel TOTAL STATE

Where:

Fuel INVENTORY COUNTY = Total Fuel consumed annually in the inventory county

Fuel TOTAL STATE = Total Fuel consumed annually in the state

Temporal

Kerosene, distillate oil, and residual oil are almost entirely used for space heating. MDE 

made the assumption that the amount of fuel consumed in a county over the course of a 

month is proportional to the number of heat degree days in that county for the month. 

The total amount of fuel consumed in the county annually is allocated from state totals 

using the following formula. 

FuelInventoryCountyAnnual  SAFInventoryCounty*FuelTotalState

Where:

Fuel InventroyCountyAnnual = Total Fuel consumed annually in the inventory county

Fuel TotalState = Total Fuel consumed annually in the state

The amount of fuel consumed in a month per county is proportional to the number heat 

degree days for the month in the county divided by the total number heat degree days for 

the year in the county. 

InventoryCounty Annual

InventoryCounty Month

InventoryCountyPerMonth InventoryCountyAnnual

HDD

HDD Fuel Fuel





 *

Activity Data Gathered

 Total amount of fuel (kerosene, distillate oil, and residual oil) consumed in the 

state.

 Number of heat degree days per county per month for the year of the inventory.

Calculate Spatial Apportioning Factor





AllCountiesInState

County County

InventoryCounty InventoryCounty

InventoryCounty

HDD POP

HDD POP SAF

( * )

*

Emissions 

Calculation
118

Apportion State Fuel Consumption to the County Level

F I - CTY = SAF CTY x F ST (see Appendices)

 Where

F I - CTY = Fuel type I consumed in county

SAF CTY = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county 

F ST = Total fuel consumed in the state.

Calculate Annual Emissions

Emissions were calculated in tons/year for residential, commercial and industrial categories 

from each type of fuel combustion using following equations.

EM R = (F I - CTY x EF R) / 2000

Where

EM R = Emissions from residential category.

F I - CTY = Total annual residential sales of fuel i in the county.

EF R = Residential emission factor for fuel i from AP-42

EM C = (F I - CTY x EFC) / 2000

Where

EM C = Emissions from commercial/institutional category.

F I - CTY = Total annual commercial/institutional sales of fuel i in the county.

EFC = Commercial emission factor for fuel i from AP-42.

Residential Distillate Oil Combustion Sample Calculation (Baltimore City)

Residential Distillate Oil Consumed State of Maryland = 6,14363 kilogallons

Spatial apportioning factor for Baltimore City:

SAF Baltimore City =

HDD Baltimore City x POP Units Heating Baltimore City

64

 ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x POP Units Heating State)

SAF Baltimore City = 0.089899

To calculate the total annual kilogallons of distillate oil used in city of Baltimore for residential 

space heating:

Fuel Baltimore City = SAF Baltimore City x Fuel TOTAL STATE

Fuel Baltimore City = 0.089899 x 6,143,000

 

63 From EIA: Adjusted Sales for Residential End Use: Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene, 2011 (Thousand Barrels)

64 Population data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, The Maryland Department of Planning.
119

Fuel Baltimore City = 552.25 kilogallons

Annual Emissions Calculation

E Baltimore City – Res - VOC = Fuel Baltimore City x EF VOC

E Baltimore City – Res - VOC = 552.25 x 0.713 

E Baltimore City – Res - VOC = 393.75 lbs VOC / year

E Baltimore City – Res - VOC = 0.1969 tons VOC / year 

All pollutants (PM, SOx, NOx, VOC, and CO) are calculated in a similar manner.

Commercial and industrial emissions from this source category are calculated in a similar 

manner with the exception that the number of days in an ozone season changes from 214 for 

residential to 168 for commercial and industrial. Residential ozone season days are based on 7 

days per week activity. Commercial and industrial ozone season days are based on 6 days per 

week activity. 
120

3.1.6.4 Coal Combustion 

SCC: 21 04 002 000 (Residential Coal)

SCC: 21 03 002 000 (Commercial/Institutional Coal)

This source category covers air emissions from coal combustion in the residential sector. 

Bituminous coal, mined here in Maryland, represents the bulk of the coal used residentially for 

space heating in the State. Although mined nearby in Pennsylvania, readily available, and 

cleaner burning, anthracite coal is not used much in Maryland because of its expense. 

PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

Activity

The following assumptions were made in the computation of emissions from coal 

combustion from the residential sources.

(i) Number of Dwelling Units using Coal

The number of dwelling units using coal for space heating for 2011 was obtained from 1990 

Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and Housing; the 

number of new housing units authorized for construction between 1990 and 2011 was 

obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning – New Residential Units Authorized for 

Construction by Building Permits (http://www.op.state.md.us). MDE estimated that no new 

housing units would be equipped to burn coal as a home heating fuel. 

COMAR 26.11.09.04 prohibits the use of solid fuel-burning equipment that has a rated heat 

input of less than 35 million BTU per hour.

(ii) Residential Coal Activity Consumption Data

The State Energy Data Report, Consumption Estimates, by the Energy Information 

Administration, provided information on estimated coal consumption. The report indicates 

that in Maryland mostly bituminous coal was used in 2011. It was assumed, therefore, that 

bituminous coal was consumed by most of the hand-fired residential coal sources in the State 

of Maryland.

Description 

Residential 

Coal

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
121

Emission Factors

Emission factors were obtained from AP-42, Tables 1.1-3 and 1.1-4 (Residential-hand-fed 

units) and PM2.5 from ERTAC.

Coal Emission Factors

NOx CO VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI SO2 

(lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton)

Residential 9.1 275 10 6.2 3.84 37.2

Maryland’s 2008 average sulfur content in coal = 1.2% Sulfur DOE/EIA State Electricity 

Profiles 2008, March 2010 Table 6. page 124 

AP42 Table 1.1-19 (hand fed units) Emission factor SO2 = 31S 

In formula S = 1.2, such that SO2 EF =31*1.2 = 37.2 lb/ton

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

MDE developed an allocation factor from local and state totals of annual heating-degree 

days and housing units heating with coal to spatially allocated coal consumption. The 

method is documented and recommended by EIIP65 in an Area Source Method Abstract for 

natural gas and LPG combustion. Because the emission factor was specifically adjusted to 

reflect seasonal emissions through heating degree days, no further seasonal adjustment 

factor is necessary.

A “heating-degree day” is a unit of measure used to indicate how cold it has been over a 

24-hour period. Daily heating-degree days are calculated as the difference between the 

base value of 65°F and the mean temperature for the day (mean of the high and low 

temperatures for the day).

 

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
122

Annual heating-degree days are the sum of the daily heating-degree days. Heating degree 

data is available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 

(NOAA).66





AllCountiesInState

County County

InventoryCounty InventoryCounty

InventoryCounty

HDD CHU

HDD CHU SAF

( * )

*

Where:

SAF INVENTORY COUNTY = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for inventory county 

CHU INVENTORY COUNTY = Housing units using coal in inventory county 

HDD COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for each county in the state 

CHU COUNTY = Housing units using coal for each county in the state

The spatial apportioning factor is used to allocate the state fuel total to the county level using 

the following equation:

Coal INVENTORY COUNTY = SAF INVENTORY COUNTY x Coal TOTAL STATE

Where:

Coal INVENTORY COUNTY = Total Coal fuel consumed in the inventory county

Coal TOTAL STATE = Total Coal fuel consumed in the state. 

Temporal

MDE assumed that all residential coal combustion is used for space heating purposes. The 

total coal consumed in the county can be allocated by month or period using proportions of 

annual and monthly (or period) heating-degree days. 

Residential Fuel MONTH = Residential Fuel ANNUAL x

HDD MONTH

HDD ANNUAL

Where:

Residential Fuel MONTH = Space heating fuel use for inventory month 

Residential Fuel ANNUAL = Space heating fuel use for inventory year 

HDD MONTH = Heating degree days for inventory month 

HDD ANNUAL = Heating degree days for inventory year 

 

66 http://www.noaa.gov (home page) or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html#PUBS (for a list 

of available data)
123

Equation:

E COALR =

(EF COAL i x Coal INVENTORY COUNTY)

2000

E COALR = Yearly emissions from residential coal combustion

EF COAL i = Emission factor for coal combustion for pollutant i

Residential Coal Combustion Sample Calculation (Allegany County) (tons / year)

Total Residential Coal Consumption – State of Maryland 2,000 tons

To calculate spatial apportioning factor for Allegany County:

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY =

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x CHU INVENTORY COUNTY

 ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x CHU COUNTY)

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.2013417

To calculate tons of coal used in Allegany County:

Residential Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY x Coal TOTAL STATE

Residential Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.2013417x 2,000 

Residential Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 402.68 tons

Equation:

Residential Coal SO2 Emission Calculation for Allegany County

E COALR = 7.490 tons SO2 year

Emissions 

Calculation

E COALR =

(EF COAL SO2 x Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY)

2000

E COALR =

(37.2 x 402.68 )

2000
124

Commercial and Institutional sources of coal combustion above the point source threshold are 

included in the point source portion of the inventory. The following table lists area source 

emissions from commercial and institutional sources smaller than the threshold values.

The following assumptions were made in the computation of emissions from coal combustion 

from the commercial and institutional sources not included in the point source inventory.

Activity

(i) Coal Consumption Data

The State Energy Data Report (SEDR) estimated that approximately 31,000 tons/year of total 

coal was used commercially by Maryland in 2011. 

(ii) Number of Dwelling Units using Coal

The number of dwelling units using coal for space heating for 2011 was developed from 

1990 Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and Housing. 

The number of new housing units authorized for construction between 1990 and 2011 was 

obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning – New Residential Units Authorized for 

Construction by Building Permits (http://www.op.state.md.us). MDE estimated that no new 

housing units would be equipped to burn coal as a home heating fuel. 

COMAR 26.11.09.04 prohibits the use of solid fuel-burning equipment that has a rated heat 

input of less than 35 million BTU per hour.

Emission Factors

EMISSION FACTORS WERE OBTAINED FROM AP-42, TABLES 1.1-3 AND VOCS 

(TNMOC) TABLE 1.1-19 (AVERAGE OF OVERFEED AND UNDERFEED STOKER). PM10 

AND PM2.5 EF ON TABLES 1.1-10 AND 1.1-11

Coal Emission Factors

NOx CO VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI SO2

(lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton)

Commercial / 

Institutional 8.5 8.5 0.675 6.1 3 41.4

Description -

Commercial and 

Institutional Coal 

Methods and 

Data Sources
125

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Spatial temporal allocations to this source category were calculated in the same manner as 

the residential coal combustion category. 

Temporal

Spatial and temporal allocations to this source category were calculated in the same 

manner as the residential coal combustion category. 

Commercial Coal Combustion Sample Calculation (Allegany County) (tons / year)

Total Commercial Coal Consumption – State of Maryland 16,000 tons

To calculate spatial apportioning factor for Allegany County:

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY =

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x CHU INVENTORY COUNTY

 ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x CHU COUNTY)

SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.351336

To calculate tons of coal used in Allegany County:

Commercial Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = SAF ALLEGANY COUNTY x Coal TOTAL STATE

Commercial Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 0.351336 x 16,000 

Commercial Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY = 5,621.38 tons

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
126

Equation:

Commercial Coal VOC Emission Calculation for Allegany County

E COALC = 1.897 tons VOC year

E COALC =

(EF COAL VOC x Coal ALLEGANY COUNTY)

2000

E COALC =

(0.675 x 5,621.38)

2000
127

3.1.6.5 Natural Gas Combustion 

SCC: 21 04 060 000 (Residential Natural Gas)

SCC: 21 03 060 000 (Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas)

This source category covers air emissions from natural gas combustion in the residential and 

commercial/institutional sectors for space heating, water heating, and cooking. This category 

includes small boilers, furnaces, heaters and other heating units that are not inventoried as point 

sources. Residential and commercial sectors comprise housing units; wholesale and retail 

businesses; health institutions; social and educational institutions; and Federal, state and local 

government institutions (e.g., military installations, prisons, office buildings). Natural gas is one 

of the major fuels used throughout the country. It is used mainly for power generation, for 

industrial process steam and heat production, and for domestic and commercial space heating. It 

is also used for domestic cooking and hot water heating. 

PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, CO, NH3, VOC

The following assumptions were made in the computation of the emissions from natural gas 

combustion.

Activity

(i) Number of Dwelling Units using Natural Gas

The number of dwelling units using natural gas for space heating for 2011 was developed 

from 1990 Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and 

Housing. The number of new housing units authorized for construction between 1990 and 

2011 was obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning – New Residential Units 

Authorized for Construction by Building Permits (http://www.op.state.md.us). The total 

number of additional housing units constructed in the county was apportioned to type of 

home heating fuel by the same ratio as the 1990 Census figures. 

(ii) Residential and Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Consumption Data

Total residential and commercial/institutional natural gas consumption data in the State of 

Maryland for 2011 was obtained from surveying the following companies: Baltimore Gas 

and Electric (Constellation Energy Group), Washington Gas Energy Services (Maryland 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
128

Division), Chesapeake Utilities Corporation, Columbia Gas of Maryland, Easton Utility 

Commission, and Elkton Gas Company. The companies provided natural gas sales 

statistics for the year 2011 in therms or cubic feet for all counties in their service area for 

the residential, commercial, and industrial categories. These statistics were then converted 

into million cubic feet using a conversion factor of 1 therm equals 100 cubic feet.

Emission Factors

(iii) Emission Factors – Natural Gas

Emission factors for residential natural gas came from 2008 Emission Inventory Data & 

Documentation (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) Nonpoint section 

for Residential Heating: Natural Gas factors for combustion of natural gas in commercial 

boilers are presented in Table 1.4-1 and 1.4-2 of Section 1.4 of AP-42. Commercial factors 

came from the ICI Workbook on the same website created by EPA and ERTAC committee 

through a joint study. 

Natural Gas Emission Factors

Nox CO VOC PM 10 PM 2.5 NH3 

(lbs./106scf) (lbs./106scf) (lbs./106scf) (lbs./106scf) (lbs./106scf) (lbs./106scf) (lbs

Residential 94 40 5.5 0.2 0.11 20 

Commercial 100 84 5.5 0.2 0.11 0.49 

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The natural gas survey of suppliers provided MDE with county totals for natural gas 

consumption. Therefore MDE did not have to use an allocation factor derived from local 

and state totals of annual heating degree days and housing units heating with natural gas to 

spatially allocated natural gas consumption to the county level for most of the counties.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
129

Temporal

In addition to space heating, natural gas is often used for cooking and water heating. For 

ozone and other seasonal inventories, consumption for cooking and water heating may be 

assumed to be constant through the year, but fuel used for space heating must be 

apportioned according to heating needs. 

To separate residential space heating natural gas usage from cooking and water heating, 

MDE used data from the State Energy Data Report, Consumption Estimates, Energy 

Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. Department of 

Energy. Specifically data was collected from Table 15 – Natural Gas Deliveries to 

Residential Customers, by State, 1998-2011. The residential deliveries for the month with 

the lowest deliveries can be assumed to be only for cooking and water heating. The 

percentage of residential natural gas consumption for cooking and water heating may then 

be calculated:

Annual Non-Space 

Heating Percent =

12 * Lowest Monthly Fuel Use * 100 Annual Fuel Use

Annual Non-Space 

Heating Percent =

12 * 1635 * 100 80,447

Annual Non-Space 

Heating Percent = 24.389 %

The annual non-space heating percent can be calculated in a similar manner for 

commercial/institutional natural gas usage. The percentage of commercial/institutional natural 

gas consumption for non-space heating may then be calculated:

Annual Non-Space 

Heating Percent =

12 * Lowest Monthly Fuel Use * 100 Annual Fuel Use

Annual Non-Space 

Heating Percent =

12 * 2440 * 100 65323

Annual Non-Space 

Heating Percent = 44.823 %

This percentage may be applied to the inventory area’s total residential and/or 

commercial/institutional natural gas consumption to calculate the non-space heating portion 

of usage. This portion can be subtracted from the annual total, and the remaining 

consumption, which is being used for space heating, can be allocated by month or period 

using proportions of annual and monthly or period heating degree days.

Space Heat Fuel MONTH = Space Heat Fuel ANNUAL x

HDD MONTH

HDD ANNUAL

Where:

Space Heat Fuel MONTH = Space heating fuel use for inventory month 

Space Heat Fuel ANNUAL = Space heating fuel use for inventory year 
130

HDD MONTH = Heating degree days for inventory month 

HDD ANNUAL = Heating degree days for inventory year 

Emission Calculation – Residential Emissions

Equation:

ENatGas = Yearly emissions from natural gas combustion

EF NatGas-P = Emission factor for natural gas combustion for pollutant i

NG i = Natural gas consumed for county i

Total Residential Natural Gas Consumption – Baltimore City67 13,700.31 M ft3

Total Natural Gas Delivered ( M ft3 )

Residential Commercial

State of Maryland 77,411.73 61,737.32

 ENatGas 37.68 tons VOC year

The same equation and methodology can be used to estimate emission of various pollutants.

 

3 Natural gas consumption data gathered from MDE survey – Baltimore County data from BGE

Emissions 

Calculation

ENatGas =

(EF NatGas-P x NG i )

2000

ENatGas =

(EF NatGas-voc x NG Bato.City )

2000

ENatGas =

(5.5 x 13,700.31)

2000
131

3.1.6.6 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Combustion 

SCC: 21 04 007 000 (Residential LPG)

SCC: 21 03 007 000 (Commercial/Institutional LPG)

This source category covers air emissions from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) combustion in the 

residential and commercial sectors for space heating, water heating, or cooking. LPG includes 

propane, propylene, butane, and butylenes. The product used for domestic heating is composed 

primarily of propane. This category includes small boilers, furnaces, heaters and other heating 

units that are not inventoried as point sources. Residential and commercial sectors comprise 

housing units; wholesale and retail businesses; health institutions; social and educational 

institutions; and Federal, state and local government institutions (e.g., military installations, 

prisons, office buildings). 

PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, CO, NH3, VOC

The following assumptions were made in the computation of the emissions from liquefied 

petroleum gas (LPG) combustion.

Activity

1. Number of Dwelling Units using LPG

The number of dwelling units using LPG for space heating for 2011 was developed from 

1990 Census Profile Series, Social and Economic Characteristics of Population and 

Housing. The number of new housing units authorized for construction between 1990 and 

2011 was obtained from the Maryland Office of Planning – New Residential Units 

Authorized for Construction by Building Permits (http://www.op.state.md.us). The total 

number of additional housing units constructed in the county was apportioned to type of 

home heating fuel by the same ratio as the 1990 Census figures. 

2. Residential and Commercial LPG Activity Consumption Data

Total residential and commercial LPG consumption data for space heating in the State of 

Maryland (LPG ST) for 2011 were obtained from State Energy Data Report, Consumption 

Estimates, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets, and End Use, 

U.S. Department of Energy.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
132

Emission Factors

Emission factors for LPG came from 2008 Emission Inventory Data & Documentation 

(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) Nonpoint section for Residential 

Heating: LPG Combustion Table 1. Commercial factors came from the ICI Workbook on the 

same website created by EPA and ERTAC committee through a joint study. Factors have been 

rounded to one and two decimal places. 

LPG Emission Factors

NOx CO VOC PM10-FIL

(lbs./kbbl)

PM2.5-FIL 

(lbs./kbbl)

NH3 

(lbs./kbbl)

SO2

(lbs./kbbl) (lbs./kbbl) (lbs./kbbl) (lbs./kbbl)

Residential 562.8 159.6 21.91 0.8 0.44 1.95 2.39

Commercial 597.66 334.74 21.84 0.84 0.42 2.1 2.52

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

MDE developed factors from local and state totals of annual heating degree days and housing 

units that heat with liquid propane gas; to spatially allocate liquid propane gas consumption. 

The method is documented and recommended by EIIP68 in an Area Source Method Abstract 

for natural gas and LPG combustion.

A “heating degree day” is a unit of measure used to indicate how cold it has been over a 24-

hour period. Daily heating degree days are calculated as the difference between the base 

value of 65°F and the mean temperature for the day (mean of the high and low temperatures 

for the day).

 

68 Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) Area Source Method Abstract – Natural Gas and LPG 

Combustion, dated 2011

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
133

Annual heating degree days are the sum of the daily heating degree days. Heating degree data 

is available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).69

SAF INVENTORY COUNTY =

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x LP-HU INVENTORY COUNTY

 ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x LP-HU COUNTY)

Where:

SAF INVENTORY COUNTY = Spatial apportioning factor for inventory county

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for inventory county 

LP-HU INVENTORY COUNTY = Housing units using LP gas for inventory county 

HDD COUNTY = Annual heating degree days for each county in the state 

LP-HU COUNTY = Housing units using LP gas for each county in the state

The spatial apportioning factor is used to allocate the state fuel total to the county level 

using the following equation:

LPG INVENTORY COUNTY = SAF INVENTORY COUNTY x LPG TOTAL STATE

Where:

LPG INVENTORY COUNTY = Total LPG fuel consumed in the inventory county

LPG TOTAL STATE = Total LPG fuel consumed in the inventory county 

Temporal

In addition to space heating, liquid propane gas is often used for cooking and water heating. 

For ozone and other seasonal inventories, consumption for cooking and water heating may be 

assumed to be constant through the year, but fuel used for space heating must be apportioned 

according to heating needs. 

Emission Calculation

E LPGi = Yearly emissions from liquid propane gas combustion in county i 

EF LPG p = Emission factor for LPG combustion for pollutant p

LPG County i = LPG consumed for space heating in county i

 

69 http://www.noaa.gov (home page) or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html#PUBS (for a list 

of available data)

Emissions 

Calculation

E LPGi =

(EF LPG p x LPG County i )

2000
134

2011 Residential LPG Combustion Sample Calculation (Baltimore City) (tons/year)

Total Residential LPG Consumption – State of Maryland 2,023 thousand barrels (kbbl)

To calculate spatial apportioning factor for Baltimore City:

SAF BALTIMORE CITY =

HDD INVENTORY COUNTY x LP-HU INVENTORY COUNTY

 ALL COUNTIES IN STATE (HDD COUNTY x LP-HU COUNTY)

SAF BALTIMORE CITY =

4,705 x 2,080

300,519,851

SAF BALTIMORE CITY = 0.032565

To calculate thousand barrels of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used in Baltimore City:

Residential LPG BALTIMORE CITY = SAF BALTIMORE CITY x LPG TOTAL STATE

Residential LPG BALTIMORE CITY = 0.032565 x 2,023

Residential LPG BALTIMORE CITY = 65.88 kbbl

Equation:

E LPGi = 0.7217 tons VOC per year 

E LPGi =

(EF LPG voc x LPG County i )

2000

E LPGi =

(21.91 x 65.88 )

2000
135

3.1.6.7 Wood Combustion

SCC: 21 04 008 000 (Residential Wood Combustion)

This source category covers air emissions from wood combustion in the residential sectors 

primarily for space heating and aesthetics. The inventory includes emission estimates for indoor 

wood-burning equipment (e.g. fireplaces, woodstoves, pellet stoves, furnaces/boilers) and 

outdoor wood burning equipment (e.g. outdoor fireplaces, fire pits, wood-fired barbecues, 

chimneys).

NOx, CO, VOC, PM10, PM2.5, NH3, SO2, and HAPs

Maryland’s Residential Wood Combustion Emission Inventory was calculated using a new EPA 

emissions estimation tool called the, RWC TOOL. A detailed explanation of how activity data 

and emission factors were developed in order to predict emissions for several states can be read 

in Appendix X. A collection of surveyed, census, housing tract, equipment use, and wood 

burned data was used in the tool along with EPA’s estimation methodologies and statistics to 

create an emissions profile for Maryland that can be used repeatedly with a few periodic updates. 

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

To produce county-level temporal profiles, the same process used to go from response 

level profiles to group-level profiles was used to go from group profiles to county profiles. 

Activity or emissions for each census tract were assigned to each temporal unit based on 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
136

the tract level temporal profiles. These values were then summed across all tracts in the 

county and normalized to give activity fractions. 

Temporal

Temporal allocation profiles were also developed for this project using the residential 

wood survey data. Profiles were first developed for each sample group. Activity (for 

outdoor equipment) or emissions (for indoor equipment) for each respondent was divided. 

The following RWC methodology comes directly from E.H. PECHAN memo on how 

emission calculations were made for the category. 

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY AND UPDATES

The emissions from RWC are calculated using the Equation 1 below.

Ey = u × EFy × (1-CFy) (Eq. 1)

Where y is a specific pollutant and:

Ey = annual emissions (ton/year) for a specific appliance (or SCC);

u = annual activity (tons of fuel burned);

EFy = emission factor (tons of pollutant emitted/mass of fuel used); and

CFy = control factor.

Each of the terms in Equation 1 and their sources are explained further below.

Activity (u): Methodologies for determining the activity varied by the type of RWC appliance. Activity for the 

majority of appliance types was derived from census data.

Fireplaces, Inserts, and Woodstoves

For the first method, which applies to fireplaces, fireplace inserts, and woodstoves, activity in terms of tons of fuel 

burned was calculated based on several factors as shown in Equation 2 below.

u = P × AP × WBP × CP × UR × BR × D (Eq. 2)

Where:

P = Number of occupied housing units in a county in 2011;

AP = Percentage of occupied housing units for a specific appliance category (e.g., woodstoves used as main 

heating equipment, fireplaces without inserts used for other heating, etc.);

WBP = Wood-burning percentage – percentage of wood burned for each purpose from AHS;

CP = Certification Profile - percentage of a specific appliance category per SCC (e.g., for woodstoves: 

uncertified, certified catalytic, certified non-catalytic);

UR = Urban or Rural adjustment – Profile adjustment based on county population density;

BR = Burn rate (cords/year); and

D = average density of the wood fuel burned.
137

3.1.6.8 Commercial Cooking 

 

SCC: 2302002100 (Conveyorized Charbroiling) 

2302002200 (Under-fired Charbroiling) 

2302003000 (Deep Fat Frying) 

2302003100 (Flat Griddle Frying)

2302003200 (Clamshell Griddle Frying)

This source category covers air emissions from commercial cooking in the Maryland area(s). 

These emissions (i.e. emissions from commercial cooking of meats) represent the “greatest 

sources of commercial cooking emissions. In particular, emissions of particulate matter (PM) and 

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most significant. Of the cooking processes that have 

been identified, charbroiling is the most important air pollutant emissions contributor” 70. It 

follows that this category includes the following meat sources: hamburger, steak, fish, pork, and 

chicken. And the five equipment types: chain-driven (conveyorized) charbroilers, under-fired 

charbroilers, deep fat fryers, griddles, and clam shell griddles. 

PM, PM10, PM2.5, CO, VOC, HAPs 

The recommended methods for calculating emissions and emission factors to commercial 

cooking possessing sources was obtain from PECHAN Technical Memorandum (December 

2003) and EIIP Web site Volume III, Area Sources document series methods and web link:

http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/eiip/techreport/volume03/charbroilingtechmemo_122303.pdf.

http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei13/pointarea/roe.pdf.

Activity

Total number of restaurants came from County Business Patterns 2010 - Maryland, 

NAICS: 7221, Full-Service Restaurants and 72213, Limited Service Restaurants. Base 

year 2010 Restaurants statistics for Maryland’s counties were collected from the U.S. 

Census Bureau Internet Website address 

(http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html). Table 3.7.1.8-a shows CBP total

number of Maryland county restaurants. MDE staff calculated the percent of county 

restaurant types (i.e. Ethnic Food, Fast Food, Family Food, and Seafood) reported in the 

PECHAN Technical Memorandum. Table 3.7.1.8-b shows the percent of each restaurant 

type per county calculated from the PECHAN Technical Memorandum. This percentage 

was applied to the total number of restaurants collected from the County Business Patterns 

to determine the number of each type of restaurant facility in each county1, 71. Table 

 

70 Source: Adapted from PECHAN December 2003 Commercial Cooking Processes Technical Memorandum.

71 Source: Adapted from County Business Patterns (CBP) and U.S. Census Bureau 2010 reports.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
138

3.7.1.8-c gives average number of equipment pieces by restaurant type. Table 3.7.1.8-d 

shows average pounds of meat cooked on each type of equipment per week (lbs/week). 

And Table 3.7.1.8-e gives emission factors (lb/ton meat).

Table 3.7.1.8-a 2010 CBPs’ 

Total Number of County 

Rest.

County Name

NAICS Code 

7221 & 72213

Allegany 57

Anne Arundel 423

Baltimore CO 500

Calvert 66

Caroline 13

Carroll 116

Cecil 66

Charles 90

Dorchester 20

Frederick 166

Garrett 30

Harford 150

Howard 210

Kent 34

Montgomery 733

Prince George’s 324

Queen Anne’s 45

St Mary’s 69

Somerset 14

Talbot 59

Washington 111

Wicomico 80

Worcester 189

Baltimore City 415

 

3 Total may not be multiplier and divisional because of rounding.
139

Table 3.7.1.8-b Percent of Each County Restaurant Type3

County Name Ethnic Fast Food Family Seafood Steak & Barbeque

Allegany 17 27 8 0 5

Anne Arundel 115 202 49 42 14

Baltimore CO 148 240 58 39 14

Calvert 15 27 10 10 3

Caroline 2 9 1 1 13

Carroll 23 69 17 4 3

Cecil 15 34 8 5 3

Charles 25 45 14 9 5

Dorchester 3 13 4 8 1

Frederick 44 79 29 11 3

Garrett 3 16 10 0 1

Harford 35 80 13 15 7

Howard 71 110 16 8 5

Kent 3 14 10 7 0

Montgomery 332 314 50 16 22

Prince George’s 97 168 24 20 16

Queen Anne’s 3 21 1 17 2

St Mary’s 12 28 11 11 7

Somerset 0 6 3 5 0

Talbot 11 27 6 13 2

Washington 27 56 16 10 1

Wicomico 22 34 8 12 3

Worcester 46 80 19 35 9

Baltimore City 109 238 29 32 9

Note: Divide decimal numbers in Table 3.7.1.8-b by 100 to change % into fraction values.

Table 3.7.1.8-c Percent of Restaurants with each type of cooking equipment 1, 2

Restaurant Category

Chain-Driven 

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest

Underfired 

Charbroilers 

(ufc) Rest.

Deep-Fat Fryers (dff) 

Rest.

Flat 

Griddles 

(fg) Rest. 

Clamshell Griddles 

(cg) Rest.

Ethnic 3.5 47.5 81.9 62.7 4

Fast Food 18.6 30.8 96.8 51.9 14.7

Family 10.1 60.9 91.4 82.9 1.4

Seafood 0 52.6 100 36.8 10.5

Steak & Barbeque 6.9 55.2 82.8 89.7 0
140

Table 3.7.1.8-d Average Number of Equipment Pieces by Restaurant Type1, 2

Restaurant Category

Chain-Driven 

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest

Underfired Charbroilers 

(ufc)

Rest.

Deep-Fat 

Fryers (dff) 

Rest.

Flat Griddles 

(fg) Rest.

Clamshell 

Griddles (cg) Rest.

Ethnic 1.62 1.54 1.63 1.88 1.8

Fast Food 1.07 1.58 3.1 1.43 2.09

Family 1.71 1.29 2.34 2.03 0

Seafood 0 1.1 2.47 1.11 1.5

Steak & Barbecue 0 1.63 2.42 1.35 0

Table 3.7.1.8-e Average Pounds of Meat Cooked on Each Type of Equipment Per Week 1, 2

(lbs/week)

Type of Meat

Chain-Driven 

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest

Underfired 

Charbroilers

(ufc) Rest.

Deep-Fat Fryers 

(dff)

Rest.

Flat Griddles (fg) 

Rest.

Clamshell Griddles 

(cg) Rest.

Steak 236 180 181 166 94

Hamburger 798 270 274 362 1314

Poultry, with 

Skin 147 144 365 88 113

Poultry, Skinless 266 179 208 111 108

Pork 57.6 148 58.6 112 118

Seafood 119 143 159 92.1 632

Other 0 41.5 274 57.5 0

Emission Factors

Table 3.7.1.8-f Emission Factor (lb/ton meat)

1, 2

Equipment Type (fuel) SCC Meat/Food PM PM10 PM2.5 CO NOX VOC

Under firedcharbroiler (charcoal) 

(ufc) Rest. 2302002200

Beef 16.2 15 14.2 327 4.8 9.4

Beef (marinated) 19 18.4 17.4 335.2 7.2 11.6

Chicken (marinated) 19.6 18.8 18.2 315.8 8.4 9

Under firedcharbroiler (natural 

gas) (ufc) Rest. 2302002200

Hamburger (25%fat) 65.4 65.4 63.8 27.44 0 7.88

Steak 34.4 34.4 33.6 9.94 0 1.72

Chicken (whole) 21.0 21.0 19.8 9.68 0 3.64

Seafood 6.6 6.6 6.4 0 0 0.76

Conveyorized 

Charbroiler (natural 

gas) (cdc) Rest. 2302002100 Hamburger (21%fat) 14.8 14.8 14.6 16.58 0 4.54
141

Deep fat fryer (natural 

gas) (dff) Rest. 2302003000

Shoestring potatoes 0 0 0 0 0 0.42

Breaded chicken 0 0 0 0 0 0.24

Breaded fish 0 0 0 0 0 0.28

Griddle (electric) (fg) 

Rest. 2302003100

Hamburger (24% 

fat) 10 10 7.6 0.76 0 0.14

Chicken (boneless 

breast) 0 0 0 0.9 0 0.8

Seafood 0 0 0 0 0 0.22

Double-sided 

(clamshell) Griddle 

(electric) (cg) Rest. 2302003200 

Hamburger (24% 

fat) 1.7 1.7 1.44 0 0 0.02

Chicken 0 0 0 0 0 0.114285714

Seafood 0 0 0 0 0 0.031428571

 No point source subtraction of emissions. 

 No adjustments for controls in Maryland for this source.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is the number of restaurant per county from CBPs’.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The following steps were used to calculate commercial cooking emissions for Maryland:

i. Multiply total restaurants in a county (i.e. from CBPs’ data source) by percent (%) type 

of restaurant (i.e. from PECHAN document) Table 3.2.6.8-a, and Table 3.2.6.8-b.

ii. Multiply county-level facility counts by the fraction (i.e. percent) of restaurants with each 

type of cooking equipment (Table 3.2.6.8-c).

iii. Multiply number of restaurants with each type of cooking equipment by number of pieces 

of equipment (Table 3.2.6.8-d).

iv. Sum number of pieces of cooking equipment across restaurant types.

v. Multiply total summed number of pieces of cooking equipment per restaurant types by 

average pounds of meat cooked on each type of equipment per week (Table 3.2.6.8-e).

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls 

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
142

vi. Finally, multiply results from v by emission factor (lb/ton meat) (Table 3.2.6.8-f) and

divided emission values by 2000 by 365 for daily lbs/ton unit.

 

 Bpoe 

Where:

E CC = Commercial Cooking Emissions in pound (lbs) per tons (i.e. Activity data times 

EFmeat type) for county per restaurant food type and equipment type SCC.

N = Total number of food restaurants in county (see CBP report 2004).

Frac n = Fraction of restaurant type for that type of cooking equipment.

Bpoe = Number of food restaurants for SCC with restaurants type of equipment. 

Dtn = Total number of restaurants type of equipment at food restaurant.

Sumall, = Total number of summed of pieces of cooking equipment across restaurant type. 

 Meattype = Total pounds per week of meat type cooked on restaurants equipment in county.

EFmeat type = Meat type emission factor (lb/ton meat).

Example 2011 Commercial Cooking Emission Calculation for Baltimore County, Fast Food

Restaurant Type, SCC 2302002100, Chain-Driven Charbroiler (Conveyorzed). Note: Emissions 

are calculated for only a particular county, restaurant, food equipment, and food type. In order to 

determine emission for a particular county, all emission for meat types must be summed at the 

equipment level and multiply by the appropriate meat type emission factor.

 Step i.

E

3

BC,cdc, 

FFood,PM = 500 * (48/100) = 240.00 

 Step ii. 

E

3

BC,cdc, 

FFood,PM 

 = 240.00*(18.6/100) = 44.64 

 Step iii. 

E

3

BC,cdc, 

Fast food, PM = 44.64 * 1.07 = 47.7648

Step iv. 

Sumall, 

E

3

BC,cdc, 

Fast food, PM 

= 47.7648

 

E CC = (N*(Fracn/100))* D tn * Sumall * Meattype * EFmeat type /2000
143

 Step v. 

E

3

BC,cdc, 

Fast food, PM = 47.76 * 240.00 = 11,262.40

Step vi. 

E

3

BC,cdc, 

Fast food, PM 

=(11,462.40 * 3.891)/2000

= 22.30

 

E

3

BC,cdc, 

Fast Food, PM10-PRI = 22.30 tons per year 

3.1.7 FUGITIVE SOURCES

Other area sources include forest fires, slash and prescribed burning, agricultural burning, 

structure fires, orchard heaters, leaking underground storage tanks and natural organic sources. 

Although often intermittent in nature, many of these sources can produce large quantities of air 

pollutant emissions.

3.1.7.1 Residential Construction Activity

SCC: 23 11 010 000 

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from residential construction activities.

PM10, PM2.5 , and HAPs 

Activity

For residential construction, housing permit data for single-family units, two-family units, 

and apartments were obtained at the county level from the U.S. Department of 

Commerce’s (DOC) Bureau of the Census. 

Estimated the number of buildings in each category, and then estimated the total acres 

disturbed by construction by applying conversion factors to the housing start data for each 

category as follows:

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
144

• Single-family 1⁄4 acre/building

• Two-family 1⁄3 acre/building

• Apartment 1⁄2 acre/building

Housing construction PM10 emissions are calculated using an emission factor of 0.032 

tons PM10/acre/month, the number of housing units created a units-to-acres conversion 

factor, and the duration of construction activity. The duration of construction activity for 

houses is assumed to be 6 months.

Apartment construction emissions are calculated separately using an emission factor of 

0.11 tons PM10/acre/month; with a 12 months period assumed for apartment construction.

For areas in which basements are constructed to estimate the cubic yards of dirt moved per 

house, an average value of 2000 square feet is assumed for both single family and twofamily homes. Multiplying the average total square feet by an average basement depth of 8 

feet and adding in 10 percent of the cubic feet calculated for peripheral dirt removed 

produces an estimate of the cubic yards of earth moved during residential construction. The 

percentage of one-family houses with basements was obtained from the DOC. The 

percentage of houses per Census region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) that 

contain full or partial basements is applied to the housing start estimates for each of these 

respective regions. The best available control measures (BACM) Level 2 equation 

(emission factor of 0.011 tons PM10/acre/month plus 0.059 tons PM10/1000 cubic yards 

of on-site cut/fill) is applied once the number of acres disturbed due to the estimated 

number of houses built with basements is determined.

Emission Factors

Single-family 

Construction

Two-family 

Construction

Multi-family 

Construction

ton PM10/acre/month ton PM10/acre/month ton PM10/acre/month

PM 10 

Emission 

Factor 

0.032 0.032 0.11

Duration of 

Activity 6 months 6 months 12 months

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls
145

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

E RC I = E RC – SFH + E RC – 2FAM + E RC – MF

Where:

E RC i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential construction activity

E RC - SFH = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single-family 

home construction activity

E RC – 2FAM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential two-family home 

construction activity

E RC – MF = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential multi-family 

construction activity

and:

E RC – SFH = E RC – SFH, w BM + E RC – SFH , w/o BM

Where:

E RC – SFH, w BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single-family 

home construction activity of homes with basements

E RC – SFH, w/o BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single-family 

home construction activity of homes without basements

E RC – SFH, w/o BM =

HSSFH x (1- HS SFH,w BM) x (AD RC – SFH ) x (PD RC – SFH) x EF RC – SFH

2000

Where:

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
146

E RC – SFH, w/o BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single-family 

home construction activity

HS SFH = Residential single-family housing starts

HS SFH, w BM = Percent of residential single-family housing starts with basements

AD RC - SFH = Acres disturbed per housing type (residential single-family) 

PD RC - SFH = Average project duration in months 

EF RC – SFH i = Emissions factor in tons PM10/acre/month for pollutant i

E RC – SFH, w BM = Emissions from residential construction + Emissions from basement excavation

E RC – SFH, w BM =

[HSSFH x HS SFH,w BM x (AD RC – SFH ) x (PD RC – SFH) x EF RC – SFH] + 

[HSSFH x HS SFH,w BM x AHS RC – SFH x ABD RC – SFH x PDE RC – SFH x EF Acres-Disturb]

2000

Where:

E RC – SFH, w BM = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from residential single-family 

home construction activity

HS SFH = Residential single-family housing starts

HS SFH, w BM = Percent of residential single-family housing starts with basements

AD RC - SFH = Acres disturbed per housing type (residential single-family) 

PD RC - SFH = Average project duration in months 

EF RC – SFH i = Emissions factor in tons PM10/acre/month for pollutant i

AHS RC - SFH = Average residential single-family house size 

(national default = 2000 ft2)

ABD RC - SFH = Average basement depth for residential single-family homes 

(national default = 8 ft)

PDE RC – SFH = Peripheral dirt excavated for residential single-family homes 

(national default = 10 percent)

EF Acres-Disturb = Emissions factor for the acres disturbed during basement excavation 

activities during residential single-family home construction in tons 

PM10/1000 cubic yards 
147

3.1.7.2 Heavy Construction Activity

SCC: 28 10 001 000 

Emissions produced from the construction of nonresidential buildings are estimated using the 

value of construction put in place. The national value of construction put in place is obtained 

from the Bureau of the Census72. The national value of construction put in place is allocated to 

the state level using non-residential building construction employment data within NAIC Code 

2362 obtained from 2010 County Business Patterns73. The state value of construction put in 

place is allocated to the county level using non-residential building construction employment 

data within NAIC Code 2362 obtained from the 2010 County Business Patterns for the State of 

Maryland.

PM10 and PM2.5 

Activity

ARMA used data from the U.S. Census Bureau on the national value of construction put in 

place- Not Seasonally Adjusted. The national value of construction put in place is 

allocated to the state level and then to the county level using non-residential building 

construction employment data within NAIC 2362 obtained from 2010 County Business 

Patterns.

A conversion factor of 1.301 acres/106dollars ($) is applied to the construction valuation 

data. This conversion factor is developed by adjusting the1999 value of 2 acres/$106to 

1999 - 2010 constant dollars using The Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index74

for Construction. The duration of construction activity for nonresidential construction is 

estimated to be 11 months.

Employee numbers were taken from County Business Patterns 2010 - Maryland, NAIC 

2362, Non-residential Building Construction (see Appendices). Some county employment 

data is represented by a letter code indicating a range for the number of employees for that 

 

72 Bureau of Census, Annual Value of Construction Put in Place - Not Seasonally Adjusted in the United States: 

2010; http://www.census.gov/const/C30/priv2008.pdf 

73 U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, NAIC Code 2362, Industry Nonresidential Building Construction 

2010 http://censtats.census.gov/cgi-bin/cbpnaic/cbpsect.pl

74 U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2010 http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html Select 

county then “Browse more data sets” then County Business Patterns Economic Profile for 2007 – Repeat for each 

county.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
148

SIC. In this case the arithmetic average number of employees per letter code per county 

was adjusted so that the state total employment in a NAIC matched the sum of the number 

of employees reported per county.

Emission Factors

PM 10 PM 2.5

(tons/acre/month) (tons/acre/month)

Emissions 0.11 20% of PM 10

Duration of Project 11 months

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Value of Construction Work 

in the U.S. - HC J

$261,776,000,000

Number of Employees 

within NAIC 2362 in the 

U.S. - EMPus

766,961

Number of Employees 13936

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
149

within NAIC 2362 in 

Maryland 

E HC i = HCj x (EMPj / EMPus ) x CF HC x AEF HC i x DC HC

Where:

E HC,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from heavy construction

HC J = Value of Heavy construction in US j in 2010

EMPus = Employment NAICS 2362 US in 2010

EMPj = Employment NAICS 2362 County j in 2010

CF HC = Conversion factor (acres/million dollars) for heavy construction (1.262)

AEF HC i = Adjusted Emissions factor in tons per acre per month for pollutant i

DC HC = Duration of construction activity (11 months)

2011 Sample Calculation Heavy Construction (Anne Arundel County)

Number of Employees within NAIC 

2362 in Anne Arundel County 904

PE = precipitation-evaporation value for each State,

S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried

AEF HC i = Initial EF HC I x (24/PE) x (S/9%)

AEF HC i = 0.19(PM 10) x (24/114.1) x (33/9%)

AEF HC i = 0.771253287

E HC i = HCj x (EMPj / EMPus ) x CF HC x EF HC i x DC HC

E HC i = 261,776,000,000 x (904 / 766,961) x 1.264 x 0.19(PM 10) x 11

E HC i = 628.614 tons/year PM 10
150

3.1.7.3 Road Construction Activity

SCC: 23 11 030 000

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from road construction activity. PM10

emissions produced by road construction are estimated using an emission factor for heavy 

construction and the State capital outlay for new road construction. 

PM10 and PM25

Activity

To estimate the acres disturbed by road construction, the Federal Highway Administration 

(FHWA) has Highway Statistics, Section IV - Highway Finance, Table SF-12A, State 

Highway Agency Capital Outlay1for 2011 which outlines spending by state in several 

different categories. For this SCC, the following columns are used: New Construction, 

Relocation, Added Capacity, Major Widening, and Minor Widening. These columns are 

also differentiated according to the following six classifications:

• Interstate, urban

• Interstate, rural

• Other arterial, urban

• Other arterial, rural

• Collectors, urban

• Collectors, rural

Dollar expenditures are converted to miles constructed using data obtained from the North 

Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) in 2000. A conversion of $4 million/mile 

is applied to the interstate expenditures. For expenditures on other arterial and collectors, a 

conversion factor of $1.9 million/mile is applied, which corresponds to all other projects.

.

Miles are converted to acres for each of the 6 road type areas using the following estimate 

of acres disturbed per mile:

• Interstates: Urban, Rural, and Urban Other Arterial - 15.2 Acres Disturbed/mile

• Rural, Other Arterials - 12.7 Acres Disturbed/mile

• Urban, Collectors - 9.8 Acres Disturbed/mile

• Rural, Collectors - 7.9 Acres Disturbed/mile

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
151

Emission Factors

A PM10 emission factor of 0.42 tons/acre/month is used to account for the large amount of 

dirt moved during the construction of roadways. The duration of construction activity for 

road construction is estimated to be 12 months. 

PM25 emissions are estimated by applying a particle size multiplier of 0.10 to PM10

emissions.

Soil Moisture Level

To account for the soil moisture level, base emissions were multiplied by 24 divided by the 

precipitation-evaporation (PE) value. Precipitation-Evaporation (PE) values were obtained 

from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. Average PE values for each State were estimated based on 

PE values for specific climatic divisions within a State. These values range from 7 to 41.

Silt Content

To account for the silt content, base emissions were multiplied by percent dry silt content 

in soil divided by 9 percent. A data base containing county-level dry silt values were 

applied to PM10 emissions for each county. These values were derived by applying a 

correction factor developed by the California Air Resources Board to convert wet silt 

values to dry silt values. 

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

For construction emissions, a control efficiency of 50 percent is used for both PM10 and PM2.5

for PM nonattainment areas.

Spatial

State-level estimates of acres disturbed are distributed to counties according to the 

housing starts per county, estimated for the residential construction category.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
152

E RC, i =

Exp x MCi x ADi x EF RC i x DUR

2000

where:

E RC,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from road construction

Exp RC,i = Expenditures per road type i 

MC RC,i = Miles constructed per road type i

AD i = Acres disturbed per road type i

EF RC i = Emissions factor (tons per acre per month for pollutant i)

DUR = Duration of project (months)

This calculation would have to be made for each road classification in a county and then summed 

to get total for that pollutant for that county.

Emissions 

Calculation
153

3.1.7.4 Agricultural Land Preparation 

SCC: 28 01 000 003 

The land preparation source category includes estimates of the airborne soil particulate emissions 

produced during the preparation of agricultural lands for planting and after harvest activities. 

Operations included in this methodology are dicing, tilling, leveling, chiseling, plowing, and 

other mechanical operations used to prepare the soil. Dust emissions are produced by the 

mechanical disturbance of the soil by the implement used and the tractor pulling it. Soil 

preparation activities tend to be performed in the early spring and fall months.

Particulate emissions from land preparation operations are computed by multiplying an emission 

factor (EF) by an activity factor. The agricultural tilling emission factor provided in the 4th 

edition of U.S. EPA’s AP-42 document is used to estimate soil preparation emissions. The 

activity factor is based on the number of acres of each crop in production for each county in the 

State. Because different crops need different operations to prepare the soil, each crop also has its 

own acre-pass value. Acre-passes are the number of passes, per acre, that are typically needed to 

prepare a field for planting a particular crop. By combining the crop acreage, crop specific acrepass data, and the agricultural tilling emission factor, we estimate the particulate matter produced 

by agricultural land preparation operations.

Agricultural soil preparation particulate dust emissions are estimated for each crop in each 

county in Maryland using the following equation:

Emissions CROP = Emission Factor x Acres CROP x Acre-passes/acre CROP

The crop emissions for each county are summed to produce the county and statewide particulate 

matter (PM) and PM emission estimates. 

PM10 and PM2.5

Activity

The acreages used for estimating soil preparation emissions were collected from the 

Maryland Cooperative Extension Service and the Maryland Agricultural Statistics Service. 

A summary of crop acreage harvested in 2010 thru 2011 from individual county 

agricultural commissioner reports was used to calculate emissions.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
154

In computing land preparation PM emissions, acre-passes are the number of passes 

typically performed to prepare a crop for planting. These operations may occur following

harvest or closer to planting, and can include dicing, tilling, land leveling, and other

operations. Each crop is different in the type of soil operations performed and when they 

occur. MDE used acre-pass estimates compiled by the California Air Resources Board 

(CARB). For the crops that were not explicitly updated, we either applied an updated crop 

profile from a similar crop, or used one of the existing CARB profiles. 

Emission Factors

The emission factor used to estimate the dust emissions from agricultural land preparations 

is from U.S. EPA’s AP-421. This emission factor was developed in 1981 based on test data 

measured in California and Kansas by Midwest Research Institute. Because of a lack of 

more detailed estimates, this single emission factor is used for all land preparation 

operations, all locations, and all seasons. The form of the emission factor is:

Emission Factor (lbs PM/acre-pass) = k (4.8) (s)0.6

Where:

k = particle size fraction of interest (EPA default = 0.042 for PM2.5 or 0.21 for PM10)

s = average percent soil silt content (EPA default = 18%)

For PM the value of ‘k’ used in California is 0.148. This is based on the EPA estimate that 

33% of the total particulate entrained to the air during agricultural operations is 30 microns 

or less. Of this, analysis of California soil samples indicates that about 45% of the 30 

micron or less sized particles are 10 microns or less in aerodynamic size (i.e., PM ). So, the 

California PM particle size multiplier is 0.148 (i.e., 0.33 x 0.45 = 0.148). Maryland 

decided to use the EPA default values listed above for the particle size fraction. For the 

percent soil silt value, the EPA default value of 18% soil silt is used for most counties. 

PM 2.5 PM 10

(Lbs. PM2.5 /acre-pass) (Lbs. PM10 /acre-pass)

Emission Factor 1.141968254 5.709841268

The EPA emission factor does not include an association between soil moisture and 

emissions. Because it is known that dust emissions are reduced when soil moisture is 

higher, California ARB staff has incorporated an emission correction during the wettest 

months of the year. The correction was based on some limited agricultural dust source test 

data, as well as the control factor used for watering at construction sites and their best

judgment. During December and March, California ARB reduced the emission factor by 

25% from the standard uncorrected value. In January and February, often the wettest 

 

1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Section 11.2.2, 

Fourth Edition. September 1985.
155

months, the emission factor is reduced by 50%. This produces a seasonal emissions profile 

that is more consistent with California’s actual ambient air dust levels, and also better 

reflects that soil preparation operations typically do not occur while the soil is excessively 

wet or muddy. 

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Crop acreages are collected on a county basis. 

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source in Maryland.

In collecting updated acre-pass data, California also collected detailed information on 

when agricultural operations occur. Using these data, it was possible to create detailed 

temporal profiles that help to indicate when PM emissions from land preparations may be 

highest. The more detailed background document includes detailed crop calendars for each 

crop with updated information. For all of the acre-pass and crop calendar information, the 

farmers and other agricultural experts of the San Joaquin Valley were instrumental in 

helping us to update our crop information.

E ALP i =

EF ALP i x A I x AP I

2000

Where:

E ALP = Annual PM emissions of pollutant i in tons per day from agricultural land 

preparations.

EF ALP i = Emissions factor in pounds per acre-pass for pollutant i

A i = Acres of crop I harvested in county j in 2011

AP i = Acre-passes per acres for crop i

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
156

2011 Sample Calculation Agricultural Land Preparation (Alleghany County):

E ALP PM2.5 = 

EF ALP PM2.5 x [(A wheat x AP wheat) + (A corn-gr x AP corn-gr) + (A hay x AP hay) + (A soy x AP soy) 

+ (A barley x AP barley) 

2000

E ALP PM2.5 = (1.141968254 x [(0 x 1) + (500 x 4) + (7,500 x 1) + (0 x 6) + (0 x 1)) / 2000

E ALP PM2.5 = (1.141968254 x 9,500)/2000

E ALP PM2.5 = 5.42 tons per year of PM2.5
157

3.1.7.5 Paved Roads

SCC: 22 94 000 000 

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from activity on paved roads. 

ONLY A GENERAL OUTLINE OF HOW THIS SOURCE WAS CALCULAED WILL BE 

GIVEN DUE TO THE LARGE NUMBER OF CALCULATIONS NEEDED TO SHOW A 

SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR ANY ONE COUNTY. 

PM10 and PM2.5

Activity

The basis for the activity data for fugitive dust emissions from paved roads is the statelevel vehicle miles traveled per paved road type and the state-level vehicle miles traveled 

per unpaved road per road type. 

Emission Factors 

To calculate emissions for Paved Roads we used the The Predictive Emission Factor Equation 

13.2.1.3 from AP-42, Fifth Edition, Vol. I Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Sources and the 

particle size multipliers, k from Table 13.2.1-1.

Several factors used for Paved Road emissions calculations came from 2008 Emission 

Inventory Data & Documentation http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html ) 

Nonpoint section for Paved Roads. Such as, Silt Loading factors for Maryland from Table 

2, factors below:

Roadway Class

sL

(g/m2)

Rural Interstate 0.015

Rural Other Principal Arterial 0.03

Rural Minor Arterial 0.06

Rural Major Collector 0.2

Rural Minor Collector 0.2

Rural Local 0.6

Urban Interstate 0.015

Urban Other Freeways and Expressways 0.015

Urban Other Principal Arterial 0.03

Urban Minor Arterial 0.03

Urban Collector 0.06

Urban Local 0.2

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
158

The old calculation equation is

EFCF = k (sL/2)

0.98 

x (W/3)

0.53 

x (S/30)

0.16

x (CF)

The new calculation equation is

EFPAV = [(k) x (sL)0.91 x (W)1.02] x (1-P/4N)

EFCF = A calculated emission factor for a given road type in a month having CF

precipitation

EFPAV = A calculated emission factor for a given road type in a month

k = particle size multiplier; particle size range and units used were 0.015 (lb/VMT) for PM10, and 

0.0037 (lb/VMT) for PM2.5 from Table 13.2.1-1. PARTICLE SIZE MULTIPLIERS FOR PAVED 

ROAD EQUATION

sL = road surface silt loading (grams per square meter) (g/m

2

), 

W = average weight (tons) of the vehicles traveling the road (Maryland estimates the average wt. to be 

6,360 pounds or 3.18 tons)

P = number of "wet" days with at least 0.254 mm (0.01 in) of precipitation during the

averaging period

N = number of days in the averaging period (e.g., 365 for annual, 91 for seasonal, 30

for monthly

S = average speed (mph) of the vehicles traveling the road.

CF = Correction factor for monthly rain/precipitation

2008 average with 2011 bold monthly rain/precipitation

MONTH

P

No. of Days 

of Rain > 0.01 

inches

No. of Days 

of Snow > 

1.0 inches

No. of Days of 

Rain & Snow > 

0.01 inches

N

Days in 

Averaging 

Period

CF RAIN

Jan 7 0 9 31 0.9274

Feb 9 1 9 28 0.9196

Mar 12 0 11 31 0.9113

Apr 20 0 12 30 0.9000

May 14 0 9 31 0.9274

Jun 12 0 9 30 0.9250

Jul 9 0 11 31 0.9113

Aug 15 0 4 31 0.9677

Sep 15 0 9 30 0.9250

Oct 14 0 4 31 0.9677

Nov 10 0 7 30 0.9417

Dec 9 1 14 31 0.8871
159

(Maryland estimates the average speed (S) to be:

Road Type Speed (mph)

Rural Interstate 65.5

Rural Other Principal Arterial 51.7

Rural Minor Arterial 46.2

Rural Major Collector 41.7

Rural Minor Collector 40

Rural Local 30.9

Urban Interstate 58.1

Urban Other Freeways and 

Expressways 55.5

Urban Other Principal Arterial 28.7

Urban Minor Arterial 27.8

Urban Collector 24.6

Urban Local 21.1

A temporal VMT fraction factor was supplied by which was used to breakdown yearly VMT into 

seasonal and then monthly VMT (millions of miles by road type).

LookUp RUR_URB SEASON VMTFRAC

RURALWINTER RURAL WINTER 0.2199

RURALSPRING RURAL SPRING 0.2403

RURALSUMMER RURAL SUMMER 0.2845

RURALFALL RURAL FALL 0.2553

URBANWINTER URBAN WINTER 0.236

URBANSPRING URBAN SPRING 0.2547

URBANSUMMER URBAN SUMMER 0.264

URBANFALL URBAN FALL 0.2453

A Transport factor (TF) also of 1, was used in estimation. The transport factor relates to the 

Modelers, and it is the fraction of Paved Road Dust PM that is transported more than a few 

yards.

An emission factor was created for each month, for each road type, and each county, almost 

14,000 emission factors. 
160

Annual Rural Traffic VMT (millions of miles)

Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS 

State County 

FIPs

Rural

InterState

Rural

Other 

Principal 

Arterial

Rural

Minor 

Arterial

Rural

Major 

Collector

Rural

Minor 

Collector

Rural

Local

TOTAL 

RURAL 

ALLEGANY 24001 179 30 51 28 50 43 381

ANNE ARUNDEL 24003 324 79 174 58 32 94 761

BALTIMORE 24005 434 68 104 204 44 120 974

CALVERT 24009 0 331 19 48 38 59 495

CAROLINE 24011 0 101 111 73 53 42 380

CARROLL 24013 0 54 247 127 62 63 553

CECIL 24015 455 52 220 57 53 116 953

CHARLES 24017 0 288 82 108 55 71 604

DORCHESTER 24019 0 122 81 33 59 35 330

FREDERICK 24021 513 337 129 210 127 176 1492

GARRETT 24023 179 70 68 70 91 57 535

HARFORD 24025 466 80 174 128 68 125 1041

HOWARD 24027 269 83 87 100 28 80 647

KENT 24029 0 30 51 56 26 20 183

MONTGOMERY 24031 142 0 106 93 40 51 432

PRINCE GEORGE'S 24033 39 159 32 88 39 47 404

QUEEN ANNE'S 24035 0 540 79 90 56 105 870

ST. MARY'S 24037 0 153 175 96 63 63 550

SOMERSET 24039 0 99 36 29 31 24 219

TALBOT 24041 0 245 100 33 33 56 467

WASHINGTON 24043 512 24 134 122 96 117 1005

WICOMICO 24045 0 231 19 51 50 44 395

WORCESTER 24047 0 227 37 58 33 48 403

BALTIMORE CITY 24510 0 0 0 1 1 0 2

GRAND TOTALS 3512 3403 2316 1961 1228 1656 14076
161

Annual Urban Traffic VMT (millions of miles)

Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS 

State County 

FIPs

Urban

Interstate

Urban

Freeways 

& 

Expressways

Urban

Other 

Principal 

Arterial

Urban

Minor 

Arterial

Urban

Collector

Urban

Local

TOTAL 

URBAN 

ALLEGANY 24001 162 0 168 65 28 33 456

ANNE ARUNDEL 24003 907 1532 903 762 453 351 4908

BALTIMORE 24005 3449 470 1140 1173 477 517 7226

CALVERT 24009 0 31 114 34 49 18 246

CAROLINE 24011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CARROLL 24013 39 0 479 77 67 51 713

CECIL 24015 127 13 171 37 26 29 403

CHARLES 24017 0 0 378 141 75 46 640

DORCHESTER 24019 0 0 38 11 9 4 62

FREDERICK 24021 549 306 167 163 177 105 1467

GARRETT 24023 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

HARFORD 24025 283 135 434 252 131 95 1330

HOWARD 24027 1084 1069 224 448 260 238 3323

KENT 24029 0 0 12 6 2 2 22

MONTGOMERY 24031 2473 227 2134 1047 598 499 6978

PRINCE GEORGE'S 24033 2879 1502 1706 970 632 592 8281

QUEEN ANNE'S 24035 0 47 2 5 0 4 58

ST. MARY'S 24037 0 8 194 33 33 21 289

SOMERSET 24039 0 46 0 7 8 5 66

TALBOT 24041 0 0 110 10 11 10 141

WASHINGTON 24043 457 0 216 153 62 69 957

WICOMICO 24045 0 184 155 109 88 41 577

WORCESTER 24047 0 26 204 36 18 22 306

BALTIMORE CITY 24510 1044 138 1164 690 237 252 3525

GRAND TOTALS 13453 5734 10114 6229 3441 3004 41975

VMT should be converted into monthly totals by county by road type 

using seasonal fraction factors.

Ert = EFCF x VMT x TF

Where:

Ert = is the emissions for a particular road type 

VMT = the vehicle miles traveled in millions of miles on a 

particular road type

TF = 1
162

3.1.7.6 Unpaved Roads

SCC: 22 96 000 000 

This source category covers fugitive dust emissions from activity on unpaved roads. 

PM10-PRI, PM10-FIL, PM25-PRI, PM25-FIL

Activity

The basis for the activity data for fugitive dust emissions from unpaved roads is the 

county-level miles of unpaved roads. The unpaved road mileage is converted to countylevel vehicle miles traveled per unpaved road type by the following equation: 

VMTUNPAVED (x, i) =

ADTV (i) * MILESUNPAVED (x, i) * DAYSYR

1,000,000

Where:

VMTUNPAVED (x, i): Annual vehicle miles traveled for county x and road type i (in

millions)

ADTV (i): Average Daily Traffic Volume for road type i

MILESUNPAVED (x, i): Miles of unpaved roads in county x and road type i

DAYSYR: Days per year (365) conversion of daily traffic to annual traffic

Maryland received unpaved road mileage by county from the Maryland State Highway 

Administration. The unpaved road mileage data was divided into two functional classes, 

(Rural Local and Urban Local). The Rural Local and Urban Local roads were further 

divided into Rural Unpaved and Urban Unpaved roads. The VMT for Unpaved and 

Unimproved urban and local roads was calculated and then summed by county.

Mileage on urban and rural local roads was broken down into two groups of average daily 

travel volume (ADTV) in the 1996 Highway Statistics publication (the last year that data 

was published). These groups are shown in Table 3.2.7.6.a. Maryland used a reasonable 

assumption that no more than 50 vehicles travel its urban and rural local unpaved roads 

daily. The assumed ADTV is 5 for both urban and rural groups (<50 Rural Local volume 

group). 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
163

Table 3.8.1.6.a Assumed Values for Average Daily Traffic Volume by Volume Group

Rural Roads

Volume Category (vehicles per day per mile) < 50 50-199 200-499 > 500

Assumed ADTV 5* 125** 350** 550***

Urban Roads

Volume Category (vehicles per day per mile) < 200 200-499 500-1999 > 2000

Assumed ADTV 20* 350** 1250** 2200***

Notes: *10% or volume group’s maximum range endpoint, ** Average of volume group’s range endpoints, 

*** 110% or volume group’s minimum

Table 3.8.1.6.b Daily VMT by County and Road Class

County Name 2011 Daily VMT Rural rt210 2011 Daily VMT Urban rt330

ALLEGANY 0.2076 0.5947

ANNE ARUNDEL 0.0032 0.0529

BALTIMORE 0.0024 0.0368

CALVERT 0.1063 0.1260

CAROLINE 0.4473 0.0000

CARROLL 0.1949 0.2587

CECIL 0.0467 0.0424

CHARLES 0.0215 0.0422

DORCHESTER 0.1420 0.0983

FREDERICK 0.1695 0.4235

GARRETT 0.1852 0.0000

HARFORD 0.0896 0.3122

HOWARD 0.0023 0.0162

KENT 0.0031 0.0011

MONTGOMERY 0.0076 0.2619

PRINCE GEORGE'S 0.0041 0.1557

QUEEN ANNE'S 0.0553 0.0365

ST. MARY'S 0.0246 0.0150

SOMERSET 0.0456 0.0427

TALBOT 0.0086 0.0051

WASHINGTON 0.0544 0.1170

WICOMICO 0.0762 0.1659

WORCESTER 0.0437 0.0759

BALTIMORE CITY 0.0000 0.0542
164

Unpaved road VMT was calculated first by State and roadway class using temporally allocated 

NAPAP Inventory factors (seasonal temporal allocations factors or VMT fractions – VMTFRAC 

values). These factors are provided in the EPA publication, “Paved and Unpaved Road VMT 

temp factors.xls”. The seasonal VMT fractions were then multiplied by the ratio of the number 

of days in a month to the number of days in a season to adjust to monthly VMTFRAC. The 

emission factors were then applied to estimate emissions by month.

Below is Table 3.8.1.6.c and d

Seasonal VMT Fractional Values by Road Class

Rural rt210 EPA Urban rt330 EPA

SEASON VMTFRAC SEASON VMTFRAC

WINTER 0.2199 WINTER 0.2360

SPRING 0.2403 SPRING 0.2547

SUMMER 0.2845 SUMMER 0.2640

FALL 0.2553 FALL 0.2453

Emission Factors:

Re-entrained road dust emissions for unpaved roads were estimated using unpaved road 

VMT and the emission factor equation from AP-42 76:

   

 

C

M

k

s SPD

EF c

a b













0.5

30

*

12

*

where k, a, b, and c are empirical constants given in Table 1 and 

EF = size specific emission factor (lb/VMT)

s = surface material silt content (%)

SPD = mean vehicle speed (mph)

M = surface material moisture content (%)

C = emission factor for 1980's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear (lb/VMT)

Table 3.8.1.6.e Constants for Unpaved Roads Re-entrained Dust Emission Factor Equation

Constant PM25 PM10

K (lb/VMT) 0.18 1.8

a 1 1

b 0.5 0.5

c 0.2 0.2

 

76 United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. “Compilation of 

Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Section 13.2.2 

Unpaved Roads.” Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003.
165

C 0.00036 0.00047

Source: AP-42

Average State-level unpaved silt content values, developed as part of the 1985 National 

Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Inventory, were obtained from the 

Illinois State Water Survey77. Silt contents of over 200 unpaved roads from over 30 States 

were obtained. Average silt contents of unpaved roads were calculated for each State that 

had three or more samples for that State. For States that did not have three or more 

samples, the average for all samples from all States was used. Samples and default values 

were provided by state. Silt content (%) from (AP-42 Table 13.2.2-1) of 3.9 was used for 

the Unpaved/Unimproved roads.

Table 3.8.1.6.f State-Level Unpaved Road Surface Material Silt Content Values used in MANE-VU 

Fugitive Dust Calculations

State

Unpaved Road 

Surface Material Silt 

Content (%)

Data Source

Connecticut 3.9 DEFAULT

Delaware 0 No Unpaved Roads

DC 0 No Unpaved Roads

Maine 3.9 DEFAULT

Maryland 3.9 DEFAULT

Massachusetts 3.9 DEFAULT

New Hampshire 3.9 DEFAULT

New Jersey 3.9 DEFAULT

New York 4.7 SAMPLES

Pennsylvania 3.3 SAMPLES

Rhode Island 3.9 DEFAULT

Vermont 3.9 DEFAULT

Table 3.8.1.6.g lists the speeds modeled on the unpaved roads by roadway type. These 

speeds were determined based on national average speeds modeled for onroad emission 

calculations and weighted to determine a single average speed for each of the roadway 

types. The value of 0.5 percent for M was chosen as the national default as sufficient 

resources were not available to determine more locally-specific values for this variable.

 

77 G. Stensland, Illinois State Water Survey, personal communication with W. Barnard of E.H. PECHAN & 

Associates, Inc., Durham, NC. 1989.
166

Table 3.8.1.6.g Speeds Modeled by Roadway Type on Unpaved Roads

Unpaved Roadway Type Speed (mph)

Rural Minor Arterial 39

Rural Major Collector 34

Rural Minor Collector 30

Rural Local 30

Urban Other Principal Arterial 20

Urban Minor Arterial 20

Urban Collector 20

Urban Local 20

The emission factor for paved roads is calculated from the empirical AP-42 formula and 

then is adjusted for precipitation. Correction factors were applied to the emission factors to 

account for the number of days with a sufficient amount of precipitation to prevent road 

dust resuspension. Monthly-corrected emission factors by State and roadway classification 

were calculated using the following equation:

 











 



D

D p

EFCORR EF *

Where: 

EFCORR = unpaved road dust emission factor corrected for precipitation effects

EF = uncorrected emission factor

D = number of days in the month

p = number of days in the month with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation
167

The number of days in each county with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation in each month 

was obtained from the National Climatic Data Center78. For counties with more than one 

precipitation collection station with valid data from the NCDC data set, an average number 

of precipitation days were calculated for each month from all valid stations in the county. 

Counties with no precipitation collection station or no valid data were assigned the data 

from an adjacent county. The 2011 monthly precipitation data for MANE-VU counties 

were updated and are shown in Table 4. This method of assigning monthly precipitation 

days by county improves on the NEI approach of assigning monthly precipitation data by 

State. These are the same precipitation data used to calculate paved road emissions for the 

MANE-VU States.

Table 3.8.1.6.h 2011 Number of Days with at Least 0.01 Inches of Precipitation

State County JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

MD ALLEGANY 7 9 12 20 14 12 9 15 15 14 10 9

MD ANNE ARUNDEL 9 9 12 14 12 10 8 16 16 11 9 7

MD BALTIMORE 4 5 7 8 8 3 3 2 13 10 8 6

MD CALVERT 9 4 14 12 11 12 9 10 12 9 11 9

MD CAROLINE 11 10 11 12 11 11 8 14 12 15 11 6

MD CARROLL 12 9 11 16 15 10 7 17 22 14 8 11

MD CECIL 8 12 11 15 10 9 9 14 19 14 10 5

MD CHARLES 9 4 14 12 11 12 9 10 12 9 11 9

MD DORCHESTER 9 4 14 12 11 12 9 10 12 9 11 9

MD FREDERICK 10 9 12 16 16 10 6 14 22 11 9 7

MD GARRETT 20 16 18 20 17 12 11 13 14 18 11 15

MD HARFORD 8 12 11 15 10 9 9 14 19 14 10 5

MD HOWARD 7 6 14 14 10 2 7 8 10 11 8 8

MD KENT 11 8 9 15 8 8 7 16 13 11 7 6

MD MONTGOMERY 10 9 12 17 12 7 7 13 18 12 8 11

MD PRINCE GEORGE'S 9 10 12 15 13 8 6 11 14 16 9 9

MD QUEEN ANNE'S 11 10 11 12 11 11 8 14 12 15 11 6

MD ST. MARY'S 8 6 12 10 11 7 9 11 13 10 9 6

MD SOMERSET 10 7 12 10 7 8 9 12 12 9 12 9

MD TALBOT 9 7 11 12 11 11 9 14 12 13 9 10

MD WASHINGTON 11 10 14 15 16 5 10 16 16 12 8 7

MD WICOMICO 12 9 12 9 9 14 9 13 13 11 10 8

MD WORCESTER 10 7 12 10 7 8 9 12 12 9 12 9

MD BALTIMORE CITY 9 10 10 13 11 8 7 16 13 11 7 6

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

 

78 U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Summary of the Day 

Element TD-3200, 2002 data provided on CD. National Climatic Data Center. 2003.

Point Source 

Adjustments
168

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

BMC provided miles of unpaved roads at the county-level to spatially allocate emission 

estimates.

Temporal

The unpaved road VMT data were temporally allocated by month using the NAPAP 79

temporal allocation factors.

AP-42 Unpaved Roads Emission Factor Formula

   

 

C

M

k

s SPD

EF c

a b













0.5

30

*

12

*

Where k, a, b, and c are empirical constants given in Table 1 and 

EF = size specific emission factor (lb/VMT)

s = surface material silt content (%)

SPD = mean vehicle speed (mph)

M = surface material moisture content (%)

C = emission factor for 1980's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear (lb/VMT)

Calculate Local Unpaved Roads Emission Factors

Example: Anne Arundel County - Local Rural Unpaved Roads – PM25

   

 

C

M

k

s SPD

EF c

a b

PM 











0.5

30

*

12

*

2 5

 

79 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory: Development of Temporal 

Allocation Factors,” EPA-600/7-89-010d. Air & Energy Engineering Research Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, 

NC. April 1990.

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
169    

 

0.00036

0.5

0.5

30

30 *

12

3.9 0.27 *

0.2

1 0.5

2 5 









EFPM 

EFPM 25  0.08739

Adjust Emission Factor Formula for Precipitation

 











 



D

D p

EFCORR EF *

Where: 

EFCORR = unpaved road dust emission factor corrected for precipitation effects

EF = uncorrected emission factor

D = number of days in the month

p = number of days in the month with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation

Calculate Unpaved Roads Emission Factors Adjusted for Precipitation

(Example Calculation: Anne Arundel County – July – PM25)

 











 

 

D

D p

EFPM 2 5 CORR EFPM 2 5*

 











 

 

31

31 8

EFPM 2 5 CORR 0.08739*

EFPM 25CORR 0.064838

Emission Equation:

 CE RE RP

EF VMT VMTFRAC EM PM CORR

PM

* 1 * *

2000

2 5

* *

2 5  



Where: 

EM PM25 = PM25 emissions in tons per year for unpaved roads in county i 

VMTi = Annual VMT (million miles of Vehicle Miles Traveled for county i)

VMTFRAC = Temporal Allocation Factor

EF PM25-CORR i = Unpaved road emission factor adjusted for precipitation in county i

CE = Control efficiency of 0% applied to Urban and Rural roads

RE = Rule effectiveness of 100% applied to Urban and Rural roads

RP = Rule penetration of 100% applied to Urban and Rural roads 

Sample Calculation Unpaved Roads (Anne Arundel County - July)
170  CE RE RP

EF VMT VMTFRAC EM PM CORR

PM

* 1 * *

2000

2 5

* *

2 5  



*1 0*100*100

2000

0.0648377*0.0001533*0.09586 EM PM 2 5  

EMPM 25  4.764

x E-10 Tons
171

3.1.8 FIRE SOURCES

Other area sources include forest fires, slash and prescribed burning, agricultural burning, 

structure fires, orchard heaters, leaking underground storage tanks and natural organic sources. 

Although often intermittent in nature, many of these sources can produce large quantities of air 

pollutant emissions.

Date: September 10, 2012

This note is intended to support the DRAFT 2011 day-specific emissions estimates that EPA has 

posted for Wild Land Fires (WLF= prescribed and wild fires) intended for the NEI EVENT data 

category. These data are posted as .csv files for every state. The state FIPS is used in the title of 

the file to identify the area in question. The methods used by EPA reflect use of the 

SMARTFIRE2 (SF2) framework. We have provided background on these methods as part of the 

training(s) we have offered over the past few months on the 2011 NEI submittal process. For 

further information on this training, please see our 2011 webpage under “Events Inventory” 

training at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eidocs/training.html#eis.

For the 2011 cycle, EPA is offering three options for SLTs to submit WLF emissions into the 

EVENTS module. 

Note: EPA’s methods will be reporting all Wild Fires to SCC 281001000; all Prescribed Fires to 

2811015000; all Wild Land Fire Use to 2810001001. MDE calculated and reported emissions for 

Prescribed Fires.

Option 1: Review the DRAFT 2011 emission estimates and report back to EPA through a 

Support Request in the Emission Inventory System (EIS) indicating that your agency accepts the 

EVENT data from EPA.
172

3.1.8.1 Vehicle Fires

SCC: 28 10 001 000 

This emission guidance report covers air emissions from accidental vehicle fires. Vehicles 

included are any commercial or private mode of transportation that is authorized for use on 

public roads.

PM10, NOx, CO, VOC

Activity

Local data was collected from state or local fire marshals and public safety departments. 

See the spatial apportioning section for available information sources.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are available for open burning of automobile components including 

upholstery, belts, hoses, and tires (AP-42, Section 2.5 Open Burning) (EPA, 1996)80. The 

amount of vehicle material burned (the fuel loading) in a vehicle fire must be estimated to 

use these factors. A conservative assumption is that an average vehicle has 500 pounds of 

components that can burn in a fire, based on a 3,700 pound average vehicle weight 

(CARB, 1995)81. Maryland used a more conservative assumption based on a 2,000 pound 

average vehicle weight. EPA and ERTAC committee through a joint study estimated 

PM2.5-PRI to be 100 lbs per ton of material burned in fire. Also, EIIP, Vehicle Fires –

January 1999 and 2000.

Pollutant Lbs/ton burned

VOC 32

NOx 4

CO 125

PM10-PRI 100

PM2.5-PRI 100

 

80 EPA. 1996. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors--Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. Fifth 

Edition, AP-42. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. (GPO 055-

000-00251-7). Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

81 CARB. 1995. Emission Inventory Procedural Manual, Vol. III: Methods for Assessing Area Source Emissions. 

California Environmental Protection Agency: Air Resources Board.

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
173

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The activity data for vehicle fires was collected at a county-level. No other method to 

spatially profile the vehicle fire source category was used.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

E VF, i =

VBj x FLF VF x EF VF i

2000

Where:

E VF,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from vehicle fires

VBJ = Vehicles burned in county j in 2011

FLF VF = Fuel loading factor (tons/vehicle burned) for vehicle fires (500 lbs/2000 lb auto)

which is also equal to 0.25 tons/vehicle burned

EF VF i = Emissions factor in pounds per ton burned for pollutant i

2011 Sample Calculation Vehicle Fires (Anne Arundel County)

E VF, i =

VBj x FLF VF x EFVOC

2000

E VF, i =

(241 x (0.25) x 32)

2000

E VF, i = 0.96 tons VOC per year emitted from vehicle fires in Anne Arundel County in 2011

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
174

3.1.8.2 Forest Fires 

SCC: 28 10 001 000 (Wildfires)

(MDE accepted EPA’s Wild Fire Emissions generated by their SmartFire Tool, but calculated 

emissions for forest fires in order to compare them with the tool.)

3.1.8.3 Slash/Prescribed Burning 

SCC: 28 10 015 000 (prescribed burn)

SCC: 28 10 005 000 (slash burn)

Slash burning is a technique used to control waste from logging operations burned under 

controlled conditions to reduce the potential fire hazard in forests and to remove brush that can 

serve as a host for destructive insects. Also, to cleared forest to create fields for farming, pastures 

for livestock, and many other reasons. Prescribed burning is used as a forest management 

practice to establish favorable seedbeds, remove competing underbrush, accelerate nutrient 

cycling, control tree pests and contribute other ecological benefits.

PM10 and PM2.5-PRI

Activity

Emissions from this source were calculated using data from the Maryland Forest Service 

for prescribed burning by county and type of material burned (see Appendices). 

Emission Factor

VOC CO NOx PM10-

FIL

PM2.5-

FIL

SO2

(Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton) (Lbs./ton)

Prescribed Marsh Grass 13.6 289 6.2 28.1 24.1 1.7

Pine Slash 19 140 4 17 unavailable unavailable

Fuel loading 

factors: tons/acre

Prescribed 2

Slash 30

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources 
175

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The activity data for prescribed burning was collected at a county-level. No other method 

to spatially profile the prescribed burning source category was used. 

Temporal

Because prescribed burning is done at different times of the year, ARMA used no seasonal 

adjustment factor. The activity level is seven days per week.

E PB i =

ABj x EF PB i x FLFm

2000

Where:

E PB,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from prescribed burning

FLF m = Fuel loading factor for type of material burned j (for marsh grass the factor is 2 

tons per acre and for pine slash it is 30 tons per acre burned)

ABk = Acres burned in county k in 2011

EF PB,i = Emission factor for pollutant i

2011 Sample Calculation Prescribed Burning (Frederick County)

E PB i =

ABj x EF PB i x FLFm

2000

E PB i = (55.5 x 13.6 x 2)

2000

E PB i = 0.75 tons VOC / year

Slash burning calculations are done in a similar manner.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
176

3.1.8.4 Agricultural Burning 

SCC: 21 01 500 000

This source category covers agricultural burning practices used to clear and/or prepare land for 

planting. Operations included under this category are stubble burning, burning of agricultural 

crop residues, and burning of standing field crops as part of harvesting (e.g., sugar cane).

PM10 and PM2.5

Emissions from this source were assigned to the open burning category because the county 

permits issued in 2008 did not require information distinguishing the amount of agricultural 

waste to be burned versus other materials.

3.1.8.5 Structure Fires 

SCC: 28 10 030 000

Building fires produce short-term emissions of organic compounds.

PM10 and PM2.5

MDE staff used emission factors, fuel loading factors and methodology documented in EIIP82, 

Structure Fires, dated July 1999.

Activity

The Maryland State Fire Marshal's office provided the number of structure fires by county. 

Emission Factors

VOC NOx CO PM10-PRI

(lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton) (lbs./ton)

Emissions 11.0 1.4 60.0 10.8

Fuel loading factor: 1.15 Tons/fire

 

82 Emission Inventory Improvement Program

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
177

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

The activity data for structure fires was collected at a county-level. No other method to 

spatially profile the prescribed burning source category was used. 

Temporal

Because structure fires occur at different times of the year, ARMA used no seasonal 

adjustment factor. The activity level is seven days per week.

E SF i =

SFk x EF SF i x FLF SF

2000

where:

E FF,i = Emissions of pollutant i in tons per year from structure fires

FLF SF = Fuel loading factor (tons/acre burned) for structure fires

SF k = Structure fires in county k in 2011

EF SF,i = Emission factor for pollutant i in pounds per ton 

ARMA used an activity level of 7 days a week with no seasonal variation as given in Table 5.8-1 

in the EIIP document.

2011 Sample Calculation Structure Fires (Baltimore County)

Equation:

E SF i =

SFk x EF SF i x FLF SF

2000

E SF i =

310 x 11 x 1.15 

2000

E SF i = 1.96 tons VOC / year

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
178

3.1.8.6 Orchard Heaters 

SCC: 28 01 520 000

In areas of the country where frost threatens orchards, heaters may be used in cold portions of the 

growing season.

PM10 and PM2.5

Calls to several orchards in Washington and Frederick Counties (where most of the orchards in 

Maryland are located), revealed that no heaters were used. One orchard used fans to move air on 

still nights when there would be danger of frost to fruit tree blossoms. Therefore, orchard heaters 

are not included in Maryland's baseline inventory. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
179

3.1.9 AMMONIA SOURCES

INTRODUCTION

Currently, there is a significant amount of uncertainty concerning the contribution of soil to 

ammonia emission levels. High quality emission factors for this category do not exist, and even 

the physics of ammonia-surface exchange is not well understood. Soils emit and uptake ammonia 

so it is difficult to evaluate the net contribution, emissions may be potentially significant in some 

regions if the uptake is not substantial. Indeed, the literature shows that a soil-plant canopy 

system can be a source of ammonia emissions under certain conditions and a sink under other 

conditions. Because of this uncertainty, the State of Maryland has decided not to include 

emissions from soils. MDE inventoried the following sources for ammonia emissions.

 Agricultural Livestock Production Operations

 Agricultural Fertilizer Application 

 Mobile Sources 

 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) 

 Human activity 

Emission Calculations Methodology

Normally, the Department use the Carnegie Mellon University Ammonia Model (CMUAmmonia Model version 3.6) 83 computer program to develop an ammonia emissions inventory. 

However, for the 2011 NEI emissions inventory cycle, MDE has accepted EPA’s 2011 emissions 

inventory data. 

The CMU-Ammonia Model program is an approve methodology by EPA for developing 

ammonia source categories emissions inventory. Basically, the CMU-Ammonia Model program 

multiplies emission factors per source category by its particular activity data

3.1.9.1 Agricultural Livestock Production Operations

Livestock waste is one of the most important sources of ammonia when considering the sheer 

magnitude of the emissions. Existing ammonia inventories indicate that livestock wastes are 

responsible for 50-70% of national ammonia emissions. The United States Department of 

Agriculture publishes the Census of Agriculture (USDA, 2007), conducted every five years, 

which includes accurate inventories for livestock; however, the categories of animals reported at 

the county level differ from the categories of animals for which current emission factors exist. 

2007 activity data were used from the USDA Census of Agriculture data to develop the 2011 

ammonia emission inventory. 

 

83 Copyright 2004, CMU- NH3 Ammonia Model Inventory Version 3.6 computer program. Departments of Civil 

and Environmental Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy Porter Hall Room 119, Carnegie Mellon 

University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
180

3.1.9.2 Dairy Cattle (cows)

 SCC: 2805001100 (Beef feedlots (drylots) Confinement)

 2805001200 (Beef Manure handling & storage)

2805002000 (Beef Not Elsewhere Classified)

 2805003100 (Beef pasture Confinement)

 2805018000 (Not elsewhere classified Composite)

2805019100 (Flush Confinement)

2805019200 (Flush Manure handling & storage)

 2805019300 (Flush Land application of manure)

 2805021100 (Scrape Confinement)

 2805021200 (Scrape Manure handling & storage)

 2805021300 (Scrape Land application of manure)

 2805022100 (Deep pit Confinement)

 2805022200 (Deep pit Manure handling & storage)

 2805022300 (Deep pit Land application of manure)

 2805023100 (Drylot pasture Confinement)

 2805023200 (Drylot pasture Manure handling & storage)

 2805023300 (Drylot pasture Land application of manure)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from cattle is to count the number of animals, 

then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value provides the 

emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a methodology 

approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was use to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
181

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for cows in an individual county

EM COWS-2011 Total = 2011EMBC + 2011 EMMC + 2011EMHF + 2011 EMST

Where:

EM COWS-2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from cows, all categories

EMBC = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from beef cows

EMMC = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from milk cows

EMHF = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from heifers

EMST = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from steers

Where:

EM BC = (ACBC * EFBC) 

EM MC = (ACBC * EFMC) 

EM HF = (ACBC * EFHF)

EM ST = (ACBC * EFST) 

Where:

ACBC = Activity level (number) of beef cows 

ACMC = Activity level (number) of milk cows 

ACHF = Activity level (number) of heifers 

ACST = Activity level (number) of steers 

EFBC = Emission factor for beef cows

EFMC = Emission factor for milk cows

EFHF = Emission factor for heifers

EFST = Emission factor for steers

Spatial and

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
182

3.1.9.3 Hogs and Pigs

SCC: 28 05 025 000 (Swine Composite)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from hogs and pigs are to count the number 

of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value 

provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a 

methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
183

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for swine in an individual county

EM SWINE-2011 Total = 2011 EMHOGS + 2011 EMPIGS

Where:

EM SWINE-2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from swine, all categories

EMHOGS = 2011Uncontrolled emissions from hogs

EMPIGS = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from pigs

Where:

EM HOGS = (ACHOGS * EFHOGS) 

EM PIGS = (ACPIGS * EFPIGS) 

Where:

ACHOGS = Activity level (number) of hogs 

ACPIGS = Activity level (number) of pigs 

EFHOGS= Emission factor for hogs

EFPIGS = Emission factor for pigs

Emissions 

Calculation
184

3.1.9.4 Chickens (Pullets, Layers, Broilers, and Misc Poultry)

SCC: 28 05 007 100 (Chickens Composite)

 28 05 007 300 (Chickens Composite)

 28 05 008 100 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 008 200 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 008 300 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 009 100 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 009 200 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 009 300 (Chickens Composite)

28 05 030 000 (Misc Poultry)

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from chickens composite is to count the 

number of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting 

value provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, 

a methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
185

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for chickens in an individual county

EM CHICKENS-2011 Total = 2011 EMPULLET + 2011 EMLAYER + 2011 EMBROILER

Where:

EM CHICKENS-2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from chickens, all categories

EMPULLET = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from pullets

EMLAYER = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from layers

EMBROILER = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from broilers

Where:

EM PULLET = (ACPULLET * EFPULLET) 

EM LAYER = (ACLAYER * EFLAYER) 

EM BROILER

= 

(ACBROILER * EFBROILER)

Where:

ACPULLET = Activity level (number) of pullet chickens 

ACLAYER = Activity level (number) of layer chickens 

ACBROILER = Activity level (number) of broiler chickens 

EFPULLET = Emission factor for pullet chickens

EFLAYER = Emission factor for layer chickens

EFBROILER = Emission factor for broiler chickens

Emissions 

Calculation
186

3.1.9.5 Sheep

SCC: 28 05 040 000 (Sheep Composite) 

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from sheep composite is to count the number 

of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value 

provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a 

methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
187

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for sheep in an individual county

EM SHEEP = ACSHEEP * EFSHEEP

Where:

EM SHEEP = Total NH3 emissions from sheep, all categories

ACSHEEP = Activity level (number) of sheep 

EFSHEEP = Emission factor for sheep

Emissions 

Calculation
188

3.1.9.6 Goats (Angora and Milk)

SCC: 28 05 045 001(Goats Composite) 

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from goats are to count the number of 

animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value provides 

the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a methodology 

approved by the EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
189

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for goats in an individual county

EM GOATS-2011 Total = 2011 EMAG + 2011 EMMG

Where:

EM GOATS-2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from goats, all categories

EMAG = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from angora goats

EMMG = 2011 Uncontrolled emissions from milk goats

Where:

EM AG = (ACAG * EFAG) 

EM MG 

=

(ACAG * EFAG) 

Where:

ACAG = Activity level (number) of angora goats 

ACMG = Activity level (number) of milk goats 

EFAG = Emission factor for angora goats

EFMG = Emission factor for milk goats

Emissions 

Calculation
190

3.1.9.7 Horses

SCC: 28 05 035 000 (Horses) 

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from horses are to count the number of 

animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting value provides 

the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, a methodology 

approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
191

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for horses in an individual county

EM HORSE = ACHORSE * EFHORSE

Where:

EM HORSE = Total NH3 emissions from horses, all categories

ACHORSE = Activity level (number) of horses 

EFHORSE = Emission factor for horses

Emissions 

Calculation
192

3.1.9.8 Ducks, Geese and Turkeys

SCC: 28 05 030 007 (Ducks)

SCC: 28 05 010 100 (Turkeys)

28 05 010 200

28 05 010 300

 SCC: 28 05 030 008 (Geese) 

These animals and livestock are sources of ammonia emissions that are due to the biological 

decomposition of their waste products. 

NH3

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from ducks, geese and turkeys are to count 

the number of animals, then multiply this by the average emissions per animal, and the resulting 

value provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program utilizes this approach, 

a methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory for other categories.

Activity

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factors

Emission factors are the defaulted values in the CMU ammonia model (version 3.6).

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

The CMU-NH3 ammonia model temporally allocates activity data to the different months 

of the year or annually (yearly).

Description

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
193

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for ducks in an individual county

EM DUCKS = ACDUCKS * EFDUCKS

Where:

EM DUCKS = Total NH3 emissions from ducks, all categories

ACDUCKS = Activity level (number) of ducks 

EFDUCKS = Emission factor for ducks

Emissions 

Calculation
194

3.1.9.9 Agricultural Fertilizer Application

SCC: 28 01 700 001 (Anhydrous Ammonia)

 28 01 700 002 (Aqueous Ammonia)

 28 01 700 003 (Nitrogen Solutions)

 28 01 700 004 (Urea)

 28 01 700 005 (Ammonium Nitrate)

 28 01 700 006 (Ammonium Sulfate)

 28 01 700 007 (Ammonium Thiosulfate)

 28 01 700 010 (Mix-N-P-K MGN Fertilizers)

 28 01 700 011 (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate)

 28 01 700 012 (Potassium Nitrate)

 28 01 700 013 (Diammonium Phosphate)

 28 01 700 014 (Monoammonium Phosphate)

 28 01 700 015 (Liquid Ammoniu Polyphosphate)

 28 01 700 099 (Miscellaneous Fertilizers)

Fertilizer in this category refers to any nitrogen-based compound, or mixture containing such a 

compound, that is applied to land to improve plant fitness. The consumption of fertilizer data 

includes total fertilizer sales or shipments for farm and non-farm usage. Fertilizer application is 

typically considered to be the second or third most important source on a national level.

Fertilizer emissions were calculated per fertilizer types per SCC listed above. These fertilizer 

types are the activity input files for the CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6.

Finally, ammonia emissions from fertilizer application have a strong temporal component that 

has previously been ignored; yearly averages have been used in existing inventories. 

Significantly more fertilizer is applied in the spring and fall than in the summer and winter, 

corresponding to crop cycles. To improve temporal allocation, USDA data on crop planting 

times and fertilizer application times and rates were used to generate a monthly distribution of 

fertilizer application. 

NH3

The method for estimating emissions from fertilizer sources is simple: collect data on the amount 

of fertilizer sold to farmers and non-farms in a specific county, and then multiply this by the per 

cent of ammonia released per fertilizer application (that is Table: Fertilizer Nitrogen Content),

and the resulting value provides the emissions. The fertilizer activity files provided with the 

CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 were use and county-level ammonia emissions were then calculated 

by running the model. The model corrects for the difference in mass between nitrogen and 

ammonia.

Description:

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
195

Activity

Activity level data for fertilizer application was obtained from the Fertilizer Institute’s 

Commercial Fertilizers 2007 reports and the Association of American Plant and Food Control 

Officials (AAPFCO). These fertilizer reports show sales to farmers and non-farms per county 

level activities. AAPFCO dataset only contained state-level resolution; the USGS dataset was 

used to allocate the AAPFCO state-level data to county-level.

Emission Factors

Emission factors (percent of Nitrogen volatilized as Ammonia) were collected from 2004 

CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 run and is presented in the table below: 

Emission Factors and Source

Fertilizer Type

Emission Factor

% N volatilized as NH3

Source of 

Emission Factor

Ammonium Nitrate 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Ammonium Sulfate 10.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Ammonium Thiosulfate 2.5 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Anhydrous Ammonia 4.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Aqueous Ammonia 4.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Diammonium Phosphate 5.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate 5.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Miscellaneous Fertilizers 6.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Monoammonium Phosphate 5.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Nitrogen Solutions 8.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Mix: N-P-K (multi-grade nutrient) 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Potassium Nitrate 2.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Urea 15.0 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Table: Fertilizer Nitrogen Content

Fertilizer

Nitrogen 

Content 

(percent)

Ammonium Nitrate 36

Ammonium Sulfate 22

Ammonium Thiosulfate 12

Anhydrous Ammonia 82

Aqueous Ammonia 21

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 17

Diammonium Phosphate 18

Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate 10

Miscellaneous 8

Mix 12

Monoammonium Phosphate 11

Nitrogen Solutions 29

Potassium Nitrate 14

Urea 46
196

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

The CMU ammonia model automatically applies controls, when applicable for a given year.

Spatial

The CMU ammonia model spatially allocates activity data emissions. Input files specify 

the state or county then set up county-level allocations factor files for the chosen state. 

Temporal

Finally, ammonia emissions from fertilizer application have a strong temporal component that 

has previously been ignored; yearly averages have been used in existing inventories. 

Significantly more fertilizer is applied in the spring and fall than in the summer and winter, 

corresponding to crop cycles. To improve temporal allocation, USDA data on crop planting 

times and fertilizer application times and rates were used to generate a monthly distribution of 

fertilizer application (USDA, 1997; USDA-ERS, 1991; USDA-ERS, 1996; USDA-ERS, 

1996-1997; USDA-NASS, 1992-1997a; USDA-NASS, 1992-1997b; USDA-NASS, 1992-

1997c; USDA-NASS, 1992-1997d; USDA-NASS, 1992-1997a; USDA-NASS, 1995; USDANASS, 1997). Results show that assuming a yearly average for this category results in a 

substantial error for most months of the year.

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions for agricultural fertilizer sources in an individual county

EM FERT-2011 Total = 

EMAmmNit + EMAmmSul + EMAmmThio + EMAnhyAmm EMAqueAmm + 

EMCalAmmNit + EMNitSol + EMUrea + EMDiAmmPhos + EMMonoAmmPhos + 

EMLiqAmmPhos + EMPotNit + EMMix-N-P-K + EMMisc 

Where:

EM Fertilizer-2011 Total = Total NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application, all categories

EMAmmNit = Emissions from Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer

EMAmmSul = Emissions from Ammonium Sulfate fertilizer

EMAmmThio = Emissions from Ammonium Thiosulfate fertilizer

EMAnhyAmm = Emissions from Ammonium Anhydrous Ammonia

EMAqueAmm = Emissions from Ammonium Aqueous Ammonia

EMCalAmmNit = Emissions from Calcium Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer

EMNitSol = Emissions from Nitrogen Solutions fertilizer

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
197

EMUrea = Emissions from Urea fertilizer

EMDiAmmPhos = Emissions from Diammonium Phosphate fertilizer

EMMonAmmPhos = Emissions from Monoammonium Phosphate fertilizer

EMLiqAmmPhos = Emissions from Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate fertilizer

EMPotNit = Emissions from Potassium Nitrate fertilizer

EMMix-N-P-K = Emissions from Mix-N-P-K (multi-grade nutrient)

EMMisc = Emissions from Miscellaneous fertilizer

 Where:

EM AmmNit = (ACAmmNit * Per Cent Released AmmNit) 

EMAmmSul = (ACAmmSul * Per Cent Released AmmSul)

EMAmmThio = (ACAmmThio * Per Cent Released AmmThio)

EMCalAmmNit = (ACCalAmmNit * Per Cent Released CalAmmNit)

EMNitSol = (ACNitSol * Per Cent Released NitSol)

EMUrea = (ACUrea * Per Cent Released Urea)

EMDiAmmPhos = (ACDiAmmPhos * Per Cent Released DiAmmPhos)

EMMonAmmPhos = (ACMonAmmPhos * Per Cent ReleasedMonAmPhos)

EMLiqAmmPhos = (ACLiqAmmPhos * Per Cent Released LiqAmmPhos)

EMPotNit = (ACPotNit * Per Cent Released PotNit)

EMMisc = (ACMisc * Per Cent Released Misc)

EMMix-N-P-K = (AC=Mix * Per Cent Released Mix-N-P-K)

EMAnhyAmm =(ACAnhyAmm * Per Cent Released AnhyAmm)

EMAqueAmm = (ACAqueAmm * Per Cent Released AqueAmm)

Where:

ACAmmNit = Activity level (amount of Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer 

applied per county) (Appendix 8.**)

Per Cent Released AmmNit = Per Cent of NH3 released during fertilizer application
198

3.1.9.10 Human Breath and Perspiration

SCC: 28 10 010 000 (Human Perspiration)

Description

Ammonia emissions from human breath and perspiration comprise a few percent of the national 

ammonia emission inventory.

Data Sources

Activity Data Source

The U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 was used to obtain activity level data for this category.

Emission Factor Data Source

Emission factors were obtain from 2007 CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 run and is presented 

in the table below: 

Emission Factors and Source

Emission Category

Emission Factor

Kg NH3/person*month

Source of 

Emission Factor

Human Breathe & Perspiration 0.0367 CMU NH3 Model v.3.6

Method Sources

Conceptually, the method for estimating emissions from human breathe and perspiration is 

simple: count the number of people, and then multiply this by the average emissions per person 

and the resulting value provides the emissions. The CMU Ammonia Model v.3.6 program 

utilizes this approach, a methodology approved by EPA for developing the emissions inventory 

for other categories.

Equation:

2011 TPY ammonia emissions from human breathe and perspiration in an individual county

EM HUMAN B&P = ACHUMAN * EFHUMAN B&P

Where:

EM HUMAN B&P = Total NH3 emissions from human breathe and perspiration

ACHUMAN = Activity level (number) of people per county 

EFHUMAN B&P = Emission factor for human breathe and perspiration
199

4.0 NONROAD SOURCES

4.1 NONROAD VEHICLES/ENGINES

This section contains the nonroad source emission inventory for volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOX), particulate matter 

(PM2.5 and PM10), ammonia (NH3), and toxic air pollutants. Nonroad mobile sources include 

motorized vehicles and equipment that are normally not operated on public roadways to provide 

transportation. Nonroad mobile sources explained within are broken up into the following 

categories:

 Railroads

 Commercial aviation

 Air taxis

 General aviation

 Military aviation

 Commercial marine vessels
200

4.2 RAILROADS

SCC: 22 85 002 006 (Class I - Line Haul)

SCC: 22 85 002 007 (Class II and III)

SCC: 22 85 002 008 (Passenger)

SCC: 22 85 002 009 (Commuter)

SCC: 22 85 002 010 (Yard Engines)

Railroad locomotives used in the United States are primarily of two types: electric and dieselelectric. Electric locomotives are powered by electricity generated at stationary power plants. 

Emissions are produced only at the electrical generation plant, which is considered a point source 

and therefore not included here. Diesel-electric locomotives, on the other hand, use a diesel 

engine and an alternator or generator to produce the electricity required to power its traction 

motors. Emissions produced by these diesel engines are of interest in emission inventory 

development. Other sources of emissions from railroad operations include the small gasoline and 

diesel engines used on refrigerated and heated rail cars. These engines are thermostatically 

controlled, working independently of train motive power, and fall in the category of nonroad 

equipment, addressed elsewhere in this document.

Locomotives can perform two different types of operations: Line Haul and Yard. Line haul 

locomotives, which perform the line haul operations, generally travel between distant locations, 

such as from one city to another. Yard locomotives, which perform yard operations, are primarily 

responsible for moving railcars within a particular railway yard. The use of these engines can be 

further divided into subcategories such as, Class 1, Class 2, Class3, Passenger, and Commuter. 

Rail Classification – Subcategory Description:

1. A Class I railroad is a large freight railroad company, with annual operating revenue in access 

of $250 million dollars as defined by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS).

2. Class II railroads are mid-sized freight-hauling railroads with revenues greater than $20.5 

million, but less than $250 million for at least three consecutive years. Switching and terminal 

railroads are excluded from Class II status.

3. A Class III railroads annual operating revenue is less than $20 million. Class III railroads are 

typically local short line railroads, serving a few towns or industries; many Class III railroads were 

once part of larger railroads. 

Class II and Class III are also defined by different labor regulations creating the two classes.

4. Passenger Railroad consists of passenger trains or passenger-carrying vehicles. It may be a 

self powered railcars, or else a combination of one or more engines and one or more unpowered 

trailers. These trains travel station to station or to a depot where passengers board and get off, 

usually operate on a fixed schedule. 

Description
201

5. Commuter rail, also called suburban rail, transport passengers, but only between a city and 

outer suburbs or near by towns where people need to travel to on a daily basis, for reasons like 

working. Commuter trains also operate by schedules. 

PM2.5-PRI, SOx, NOx, CO, VOC and HAPs

The following thirteen railroad companies operate in Maryland and were asked to provide the 

amount of fuel used in 2011, and the distribution of the company's track mileage by Maryland 

County:

 Railroad Company Railroad Classification

1. AMTRAK Passenger Railroad

2. Canton Railroad Company Class III - Yard Railroad 

3. CSX Transportation, Incorporated Class I – Yard Railroad

4. Bay Coast Railroad Class II Railroad 

5. Maryland & Delaware Railroad Company Class I – Yard Railroad 

6. Maryland Midland Railway, Incorporated Class II – Yard Railroad 

7. Norfolk and Southern Railway Company Class I – Yard Railroad

8. R. G. Steel Railroad Holdings LLC Class III Railroad 

9. Western Maryland Scenic Railroad Class III Railroad 

10. Winchester and Western Railroad Company Class III Railroad 

11. MARC Commuter Railroad 

12. Walkersville Southern Railroad Passenger – Yard Railroad

For CSX and Norfolk railroad operating statistics contained in R-1 reports obtained from the 

Surface Transportation Board under the Office of Economics, Environmental Analysis and 

Administration were used to add in estimating the amount of fuel used within the state. 

MDE received fuel usage and track mileage data from all the railroads. Fuel usage was 

proportioned to each county by the amount of track miles each company utilized in a county. 

Activity

A survey of railroad petroleum consumption and track mileage was conducted.

Emission Factor

Emission factors were obtained from the EPA's Procedures for Emission Inventory 

Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, 1992.

TABLE 4.4.1-a Emission Factor for Locomotives

Line Haul Yard

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources:
202

VOC 0.0179 lbs/gal VOC 0.0325lbs/gal

NOx 0.3285 lbs/gal NOx 0.5181 lbs/gal

CO 0.0587 lbs/gal CO 0.0587 lbs/gal

SO2 0.0001 lbs/gal SO2 0.0001 lbs/gal

PM10 0.0097 lbs/gal PM10 0.0117 lbs/gal

PM25 0.0094 lbs/gal PM25 0.0113 lbs/gal

SO2 emissions were calculated based on a sulfur content percent weight. 

EPA estimates that yard locomotives operate 365 days per year (assuming that when a yard engine 

is taken in for repairs it is replaced during this period) and consumes an average of 228 gallons per 

day.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary.

Controls through Tier regulations were included in the EPA estimated emission factors.

Spatial

Emission estimates are based on fuel consumption. Company supplied state total fuel usage 

was allocated to the county level by the proportion of track miles used in a particular county.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

When specific county information was not provided, the following equations were used to 

compute the amount of fuel consumed by each railroad in each Maryland County.

G CTY = M CTY * G ST

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustments 

for Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
203

M ST

Where:

M CTY = mileage of company tracks in the county

M ST = mileage of company tracks in the state

G ST = amount of total fuel used in gallons by the company in the state

G CTY = amount of total fuel used in gallons by the company in the county

The following equation was used to calculate the emissions for line haul locomotives from each 

railroad company operating in a county.

E LH – i – CTY j =

Fuel CTY x EF LH

2000 

Where:

E LH – i – CTY j = Emissions from line haul railroad locomotives for pollutant i in County j

Fuel CTY j = Total amount of fuel consumed by every railroad operating in the 

calculated county

Fuel CTY j = (Gcty1 + Gcty2 + ... + Gcty12)

EF LH = line haul locomotive emission factor for a given pollutant

The following equation was used to calculate the yearly emissions for yard locomotives from each 

railroad company operating in a county.

E YL – i – CTY j =

N YL – i – CTY j x 228 x EF YL x 365

2000

Where:

E YL – i – CTY j = Emissions from yard locomotives for pollutant i in County j

N YL – i – CTY j = number of yard locomotives operated by each railroad company in 

county j

N YL – i – CTY j = (Ncty1 + Ncty2 + ... + Ncty12)

EF YL = Yard locomotive emission factor for a given pollutant

Example Calculations:

Montgomery County Emissions (not reflected in emissions table)

Line Haul Emission Estimate

AMTRAK, CSX, and MARC operated line haul locomotives in the county. AMTRAK also 

operated one yard (switcher) locomotive in the county.

Amount of fuel used in gallons by AMTRAK’s line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:
204

Gcty1 = 25,463.8 gallons used in Montgomery Co. per year by AMTRAK

(Information provided by AMTRAK)

Amount of fuel used in gallons used by CSX Transportation line haul locomotives in Montgomery 

County:

Gcty4 =

36.37 track miles in Montgomery Co. for CSX x 10,512,431.53 gallons used in state per 

514.97 track miles in the state for CSX year

Gcty4 = 742,445.45 gallons used in Montgomery Co. per year by CSX

Amount of fuel in gallons used by MARC line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

Gcty12 =

28 track miles in Montgomery Co. for MARC x 1,782,750 gallons used in state per year 156 track miles in the state for MARC

Gcty12 = 319980.77 gallons used in Montgomery Co. per year by MARC

VOC Emissions from line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

EMVOC =

(25,463.8 gal / yr + 742,445.45 gal / yr + 319980.77 gal / yr ) * 0.0213 lbs. VOC /gal

(2000 lbs. per ton) 

EMVOC = 11.53 tons VOC / year

NOx Emissions from line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

EMNOX =

(25,463.8 gal / yr + 742,445.45 gal / yr + 319980.77 gal / yr ) * 0.4931 lbs. NOX /gal

(2000 lbs. per ton) 

EMNOX = 268.20 tons NOX / year

CO Emissions from line haul locomotives in Montgomery County:

EMCO =

(25,463.8 gal / yr + 742,445.45 gal / yr + 319980.77 gal / yr ) * 0.0626 lbs. CO / gal

(2000 lbs. per ton) 

EMCO = 34.05 tons CO / year

Yard Locomotives Emission Estimate

CSX operated 2 yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

VOC Emissions from yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

EMVOC =

(2 engine * 228 gallons per engine per day * 0.0509 lbs. VOC / gallon) * 365

(2000 lbs. per ton)
205

EMVOC = 4.23 tons VOC / year

NOx Emissions from yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

EMNOX =

(2 engine * 228 gallons per engine per day * 0.5044 lbs. NOX / gallon) * 365

(2000 lbs. per ton)

EMNOX = 41.98 tons NOX / year

CO Emissions from yard locomotives in Montgomery County:

EMCO =

(2 engine * 228 gallons per engine per day * 0.0894 lbs. CO / gallon) * 365

(2000 lbs. per ton)

EMCO = 7.45 tons CO / year

Total Emissions

Emissions from maintenance equipment used in the switching yards were calculated using the 

EPA’s Non-Road Model and then added for the appropriate county. 

Total VOC Emissions for Montgomery County:

EmisVOC = 11.53 tons / year from line haul + 4.23 tons / year from yard + 0.4745 tons VOC / year 

from EPA Non-Road Model.

EmisVOC = 16.23 tons VOC / year

Total NOx Emissions for Montgomery County:

EmisNOx = 268.20 tons / year from line haul + 41.98 tons / year from yard + 0.1825 tons NOx / 

year from EPA Non-Road Model.

EmisNOx = 310.36 tons NOx / year

Total CO Emissions for Montgomery County:

EmisCO = 34.05 tons / year from line haul + 7.45 tons / year from yard + 18.9.1 tons CO / year 

from EPA Non-Road Model.

EmisCO = 60.47 tons CO / year
206

4.3 AIRCRAFT

SCC: 22 75 020 000 (Commercial Aircraft)

SCC: 22 75 050 000 (General Aviation)

SCC: 22 75 060 000 (Air Taxi)

SCC: 22 75 001 000 (Military Aviation)

This category includes three sub-categories identified as: commercial aircraft, general aviation, 

and military aircraft. Commercial aircraft are used in regularly scheduled flights transporting 

passengers, freight, or both. General aviation, which includes air taxis and commuter aviation, is 

used for recreational flying, business travel, personal transportation, and various other activities. 

Military aviation is the operation and activities of military aircraft at airports in Maryland. Air 

Taxi operation can be separated into its own subcategory.

PRI-PM10, PRI-PM2.5, SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

ARMA used a variety of sources for data and emission calculation methods as follows:

Data sources 

1) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) website contains airport activity statistics for 

some Maryland airports and air fields by subcategory description, plane, and engine 

types.

2) Landing and takeoff cycle information was obtained from the Maryland Aviation 

Administration for BWI, Martin State, Military Bases, several large, and several small 

airport and air fields. 

3) The MDE’s Emission Inventory section also performed a statewide survey to obtain 

LTO, engine type, location, and usage data from over 200 individual airports and air 

fields.

Methods sources

1) For general aviation ARMA used emission factors supplied in Procedures for Emission 

Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, EPA’s Office of Mobile Sources, 

1992. This source provided emission factors for specific commercial engine types, and 

alternative fleet average factors for general aviation, air taxis, and commuter aircraft.

2) For military aircraft ARMA used a composite factor from section 5.2.5, Table 5-7 of 

Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, 1988. 

This method required ARMA to collect LTO data rather than specific aircraft data. 

For the 2011 inventory ARMA requested operation data for military aircraft from 

Maryland Army, Navy, and Air Force base environmental support offices.

Description:

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources
207

3) For commercial aviation ARMA used FAA’s EDMS84 emissions model and databases. 

EDMS is designed to assess the air quality impacts of airport emission sources, 

particularly aviation sources, which consist of aircraft, auxiliary power units, and 

ground support equipment. EDMS features the latest aircraft engine emission factors 

from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emissions 

Data Bank, vehicle emission factors from EPA MOBILE 6.2, and EPA-validated 

dispersion algorithms. Aircraft activity includes landside and airside operations. 

EDMS defines four distinct modes of aircraft operation based upon EPA and FAA 

guidance: approach, taxi/idle, takeoff, and climb out. Together, these four modes 

constitute one Landing and Takeoff (LTO) cycle. EDMS calculates aircraft emissions 

based on these four modes. 

4) For all aircraft types, ARMA used a default mixing height value of 3,000 feet above 

ground level. The mixing height is the layer of air where airplane emissions affect 

ground level emission concentrations. Above the mixing level, pollutants are 

transported away according to sections 5.2.2 of the 1992 Procedures. Because of the 

mixing height, ARMA assigned all aircraft emissions from a particular airport to the 

county where that airport was located. We assumed no seasonal variation and a seven 

day per week activity level.

No subtraction of emissions from point sources is necessary. 

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Data for spatial allocation is not available for this source.

Temporal

In EDMS actual weather (annual average values or hourly values) are in used for both 

modeling. 

 

84 Emissions & Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) Version 5.1 for Windows from CSSI, Inc.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations
208

4.3.1 Commercial Aircraft 

SCC: 22 75 020 000

Steps in Creating and Airport Emission Inventory in EDMS:

1) Open the EDMS model and create a new study for the airport in question. Choose the airport 

identification code. Enter the parameters (name, measuring and reporting units, and analysis 

year you want modeled). 

2) Provide EDMS with information to compute the emissions inventory. Begin by matching 

engines with aircraft and assigning them to the study. Select the aircraft to be used in the 

study (data that is collected from the airport) by picking the aircraft name from the menus. 

EDMS automatically associates specific aircraft with certain engine types (Choose from list). 

3) For each aircraft fill in the yearly LTO cycles provided by surveying the airport. 

4) Each time you fill in LTOs the model will automatically default the taxi time and queue time 

specific to the specified airport or use the EDMS provide default values.

5) Continue to add each aircraft/engine type, LTO cycle until all are LTOs are entered for that 

study.

6) EDMS has tables built into the model that associate aircraft type with the number of engines, 

auxiliary power units and ground support equipment. The model also assigns default values 

for Takeoff Time (typically 0.3 minutes), Climb-out Time (typically 5 minutes), and Approach 

Time (typically 6 minutes). 

7) If emissions from parking lots, roadways, stationary sources, and training fires are also 

required, complete the dialog boxes associated with each of these subcategories. 

8) Run the EDMS emission inventory program and view the results.

The data for aircraft engines listed below in Table 4.5.1-a, are defaults used to calculate emissions 

within the EDMS Model. Each mode of operation, such as, annual LTO operations, average taxi 

time, approach, climb-out, takeoff, and annual queue times are used in the estimation of emissions, 

but LTO operations was taken from FAA and airport records. 

TABLE 4.5.1-a EDMS Aircraft & Engine Estimated Averages and Defaults Data

Aircraft 

Name

Aircraft 

Type

Engine 

Assigned

Approach 

Time

(min)

Climb-out 

Time

(min)

Takeoff 

Time 

(min)

Annual 

LTO

Taxi 

Time

(min)

Queue 

Time

(min)

Falcon 100 GA TFE731-3 1.60 0.50 0.40 1825 10.50 3.00

P-337P Skymaster GA TSIO-360C 4.50 2.50 0.50 9490 10.50 3.00

550 Citation GA JT15D-4 (B,C,D) 1.60 0.50 0.40 2190 10.50 3.00

A320 Comm CFM56-5B4 4.00 2.20 0.70 2555 10.50 3.00

AH-1 Military T53-L-11D 6.80 6.80 0.00 1825 10.50 3.00

ATR42 Comm PW120 4.50 2.50 0.50 2190 10.50 3.00

B727-100 Comm JT8D-7A 4.00 2.20 0.70 8030 10.50 3.00

B737-200 Comm JT8D-15A 4.00 2.20 0.70 21900 10.50 3.00

B737-300 Comm CFM56-3B 4.00 2.20 0.70 13140 10.50 3.00

B737-400 Comm CFM56-3B 4.00 2.20 0.70 3650 10.50 3.00

Emissions 

Calculation
209

B737-500 Comm CFM56-3B 4.00 2.20 0.70 8030 10.50 3.00

B737-700 Comm CFM56-3C-1 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

B747-100 Comm JT9D-7A 4.00 2.20 0.70 183 10.50 3.00

B757-200 Comm PW2037 4.00 2.20 0.70 7665 10.50 3.00

B767-200 Comm CF6-80A (A1) 4.00 2.20 0.70 1095 10.50 3.00

BAE ATP Comm PT6A-45 4.00 2.20 0.70 2555 10.50 3.00

BH-1900 Comm PT6A-65B 1.60 0.50 0.40 3285 10.50 3.00

C-12A/B/C Military PT6A-41 3.50 0.80 0.40 730 10.50 3.00

C-130 Hercules Military T56-A-16 5.10 1.20 0.40 365 10.50 3.00

C-9A Military JT8D-9 5.10 1.20 0.40 365 10.50 3.00

Canadair Reg-100 Comm CF34-3A1 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

Cessna 150 GA O-200 6.00 5.00 0.30 5110 10.50 3.00

Convair liner Comm RDA10 4.50 2.50 0.50 365 10.50 3.00

DC10-10 Comm CF6-50C 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

DC9-10 Comm JT8D-7A 4.00 2.20 0.70 4380 10.50 3.00

DHC-8 Comm PW120 4.50 2.50 0.50 3650 10.50 3.00

DHC-8-400 Comm PW123 4.50 2.50 0.50 18250 10.50 3.00

F-16 Military F100-PW-100 3.50 0.80 0.40 183 10.50 3.00

F-27 Series Military RDa7 4.50 2.50 0.50 365 10.50 3.00

Fokker 100 GA TAY650 4.00 2.20 0.70 365 10.50 3.00

H-46 Sea Knight Military T58-GE-8F 6.80 6.80 0.00 183 10.50 3.00

Kingair B200 GA PT6A-41 1.60 0.50 0.40 5840 10.50 3.00

Learjet 25B GA CJ610-6 1.60 0.50 0.40 1460 10.50 3.00

MD-11 Comm CF6-80C2D1F 4.00 2.20 0.70 730 10.50 3.00

MD-80 Comm JT8D-209 4.00 2.20 0.70 4563 10.50 3.00

MD-80-88 Comm JT8D-217 4.00 2.20 0.70 1825 10.50 3.00

MD-90-10 Comm V2525-D5 4.00 2.20 0.70 365 10.50 3.00

Porter PC6/B2 Military PT6A-27 4.50 2.50 0.50 730 10.50 3.00

SF-340-A Comm CT7-5 4.50 2.50 0.50 730 10.50 3.00

Swearingen Merlin Comm TPE331-3 4.50 2.50 0.50 2920 10.50 3.00

Swearingen Merlin Comm TPE331-3 4.50 2.50 0.50 365 10.50 3.00

Once all of the data is entered into the model, the model produces an emission inventory. Annual 

emission totals inventory are listed in the table below:

The model will also produce an inventory specific to each aircraft type, which allows the data to

be separated into types (commercial, general aviation, and military) of operation. For BWI the 

separation results in the following:

TABLE 4.5.1-b BWI Category Emissions Summary Using EDMS 

NAME CO

Tons/year

VOC

Tons/year

NOX

Tons/year

SOX

Tons/year

PM10

Tons/year

PM2.5

Tons/year

Commercial Aircraft 2553.98 322.80 1859.37 220.17 20.72 20.72

General Aviation 237.06 29.96 172.58 20.44 1.92 1.92

Air Taxi 148.16 18.73 107.86 12.77 1.20 1.20

Military Aviation 29.63 3.75 21.57 2.55 0.24 0.24

Total 2968.83 375.24 2161.39 255.94 24.08 24.08
210

The model was run for all aircraft at BWI, Martin State, Hagerstown Regional, Ocean City 

Municipal, Frederick County, and Andrews Air Force Base. Aircraft emissions for Aberdeen 

Phillips Air Field, and Weide Army Air Field were submitted to ARMA by the military. 

4.3.2 General Aviation

SCC: 22 75 050 000

Estimates of emissions were calculated after information on the LTO operations of aircraft and 

operation types were obtained from Maryland’s airports. This method used the alternative fleetaverage procedure of Section 5.2.4.2 of Procedures, 1992. The composite emission factors used 

are listed in the table below.

TABLE 4.5.2-a EPA Emission Factors for Aircraft

Aviation Category 

CO VOC NOx SO2 PM10-

PRI

PM2.5-

PRI

(lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO) (lbs./LTO)

General Aviation 12.014 0.382 0.065 0.100 0.020 0.020

Air Taxis 28.130 1.223 0.158 0.015 0.020 0.020

Military 48.800 27.10 9.160 1.430 15.23 15.23

* Requires Hydrocarbon to VOC conversion factor of 0.9708 for General Aviation and 0.9914 for 

Air Taxis.

1) EmissVOC = LTO (GA) * EF (GA)VOC

Where:

LTO (GA) = LTOs for General Aviation

EF (GA)xx = Emission Factors for General Aviation

2) EmissVOC = LTO (AT) * EF (AT)VOC

Where:

LTO (AT) = LTOs for Air Taxis

EF (AT)xx = Emission factors for Air Taxis

Sample Calculation – General Aviation:

This calculation is for Easton Airport/Newman Field in Talbot County. The airport had 11,513.5 

General Aviation LTOs over a twelve month period. Performing step 1 Equations (above) the 

calculations were:

Emission 

Calculation
211

EmissVOC = [LTO (GA) * EF (GA)HC]* CF (VOC/HC) 

EmissVOC = [(11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.394 (lbs. HC / LTO)] * 0.9708 (lbs. VOC / lbs. HC))))

EmissVOC = 4,403.86 lbs. VOC / Year 

EmissVOC = 2.2 Tons VOC / Year

EmissCO = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 12.014 (lbs. CO / LTO)]

EmissCO = 138,323.19 lbs. of CO / Year 

EmissCO = 69.16 Tons CO / Year

EmissNOx = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.065 (lbs. NOx / LTO)] 

EmissNOx = 748.38 lbs. of NOx / Year

EmissNOx = 0.374 Tons NOx / Year

EmissSO2 = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.100 (lbs. SO2 / LTO)]

EmissSO2 = 1,151.35 lbs. of SO2 / Year 

EmissSO2 = 0.576 Tons SO2 / Year

EmissPM2.5-PRI = [11,513.5 LTOs / Year * 0.020 (lbs. PM10 / LTO)]

EmissPM2.5-PRI = 230.27 lbs. of PM PM2.5-PRI / Year

EmissPM2.5-PRI = 0.115 Tons PM PM2.5-PRI / Year

Sample Calculation – Air Taxi:

This calculation is for Easton Airport/Newman Field in Talbot County. The airport had 1,247.5 

Air Taxi Aviation LTOs over a twelve month period. Performing step 1 Equations (above) the 

calculations were:

EmissVOC = [L (AT) * EF (AT)HC]* CF (VOC/HC) 

EmissVOC = [(1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 1.234 (lbs. HC / LTO)] * 0.9914 (lbs. VOC / lbs. HC))))

EmissVOC = 1,526.18 lbs. VOC / Year 

EmissVOC = 0.763 Tons VOC / Year

EmissCO = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 28.130 (lbs. CO / LTO)]

EmissCO = 35,092.18 lbs. of CO / Year 

EmissCO = 17.55 Tons CO / Year

EmissNOx = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 0.158 (lbs. NOx / LTO)] 

EmissNOx = 197.11 lbs. of NOx / Year 

EmissNOx = 0.099 Tons NOx / Year

EmissSO2 = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 0.015 (lbs. SO2 / LTO)]

EmissSO2 = 18.71 lbs. of SO2 / Year 

EmissSO2 = 0.009 Tons SO2 / Year

EmissPM2.5-PRI = [1,247.5 LTOs / Year * 0.020 (lbs. PM / LTO)]

EmissPM2.5-PRI = 24.95 lbs. of PM PM2.5-PRI / Year 

EmissPM2.5-PRI = 0.012 Tons PM PM2.5-PRI / Year 
212

4.3.3 Military Aircraft

SCC: 22 75 001 000

There are five military airports in Maryland. They are Andrews Air Force Base, Fort 

Meade/Tipton, Aberdeen, Patuxent River Naval Air Station, and Martin State Airport. ARMA 

received LTO and onsite emission information from some military airports and emission totals 

from others due to national security concerns. Most of the county airports also receive a small 

number of military operations.

Since ARMA asked for and received LTO information by aircraft operation type, ARMA used 

composite emission factors from Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: 

Mobile Sources, 1988 and the EDMS model (version 5.1). 

TABLE 4.5.3-a EPA Emission Factors for Military Aircraft

CO

(lbs./LTO)

VOC

(lbs./LTO)

NOx

(lbs./LTO)

SO2

(lbs./LTO)

PM

(lbs./LTO)

Military Aircraft 48.80 27.10 9.160 1.43 15.230

1) EmissVOC = L(MA) * EF(MA)VOC

Where:

L(MA)= LTOs for Military Aircraft

EF(MA)xx = Emission factors for Military Aircraft

This calculation is for Patuxent River Naval Air Station in St. Mary’s county. The airport had 

82,331 LTOs in 2011. Using step 1 from Equations (above) the calculations were:

EmissVOC = [L (AT) * EF (MA)HC]

EmissVOC = [(82,331 LTOs / Year * 27.10 (lbs. VOC / LTO)] 

EmissVOC = 2,231,170.1 lbs. VOC / Year 

EmissVOC = 1,115.59 Tons VOC / Year

EmissCO = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 48.80 (lbs. CO / LTO)]

EmissCO = 4,017,752.8 lbs. of CO / Year 

EmissCO = 2,008.88 Tons CO / Year

EmissNOx = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 9.160 (lbs. NOx / LTO)] 

EmissNOx = 754,151.96 lbs. of NOx / Year 

Method and 

Data Sources

Emissions 

Calculation
213

EmissNOx = 377.08 Tons NOx / Year

EmissSO2 = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 1.43 (lbs. SO2 / LTO)]

EmissSO2 = 117,733.33 lbs. of SO2 / Year 

EmissSO2 = 58.87 Tons SO2 / Year

EmissPM2.5-PRI = [82,331 LTOs / Year * 15.23 (lbs. PM / LTO)]

EmissPM2.5-PRI = 1,253,901.13 lbs. of PM PM2.5-PRI / Year

EmissPM2.5-PRI = 626.95 Tons PM PM2.5-PRI / Year
214

4.4 MARINE VESSELS

 

 SCC: 2280002100 (Diesel Oil – Port)

 2280002200 (Diesel Oil – Underway)

 2280003100 (Residual Oil – Port)

 2280003200 (Residual Oil – Underway)

Description 

Commercial vessels include all boats and ships used either directly or indirectly for commerce or 

military activity. These include vessels ranging in size from 20-foot charter boats to the largest 

tankers and military vessels, which can exceed 1,000 feet in length.

PM2.5-FIL, PM10-FIL, SO2, NOx, CO, HC, CO2, VOC, NH3, and 22 HAPS

MDE used marine vessels data prepared by the Baltimore Maritime Exchange (BME). BME 

vessel data was analyzed to major categories associated with ship and port operations and their 

relationship to air quality issues in the Baltimore non-attainment area. 

To calculated emissions from commercial marine vessels, MDE adapted the marine emission 

inventory guidance method outlined in Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessels Emissions and 

Fuel Consumption Data (EPA-450-R-00-002), February 2000. The methodology is based on a 

three-step calculation. The first step apportions the time spent by a vessel in a port area to different 

operating modes. The second calculates fuel consumption in each operating mode. The third step 

calculates emissions using fuel consumption specific emission factors, which is how marine 

engine emission factors have been historically specified. All of these calculations are made by 

vessel type and class, with the type specifying whether the vessel is a tanker, passenger liner, etc, 

and the class specifying either the weight or horsepower range.

This new methodology considers new information collected on marine vessels. The other factors 

used in the emission estimate computation are examined, with particular focus on the emission 

factors, for all pollutants of concern. One reason for a detailed reconsideration of the emission 

factors is that a number of large marine diesels have been tested for emissions and their tests 

results have become available in the last few years. In addition, both the EPA and CARB have 

recently sponsored studies to calculate marine vessel emissions in the South Coast Air Basin and 

in some areas of Region IX, so that there is a body of new research available to update emission 

factors. Hence, the use of a larger and newer database on marine vessel emission is expected to 

substantially improve the quality of the derived emission factors

Activity

The computation of emissions can be performed by ship type for a given port and requires 

the following inputs:

Pollutants

Method and 

Data Sources 
215

 The number of calls to the port by vessel class and deadweight tonnage.

 The time spent, by ship type, in each of four operating modes defines as: normal cruise, 

slow cruise, maneuvering, and hostelling.

Emission Factors

Emission rates were calculated per pollutant (except SO2) per vessel type per mode of 

operation within the guidance document using the following formula:

E (i) = a * (Fractional Load) –x+ b

Where:

E (i)= Emission rate of pollutant i in grams per kilowatt-hour

a = Coefficient

x = Exponent

b = Intercept

Emission rates were calculated per pollutant (SO2 only) per vessel type per mode of operation 

within the guidance document using the following formula:

E (SO2) = a * (Fuel Sulfur Flow in g/kW-hr) + b

The marine engine emission factor and fuel consumption algorithms are presented in the table 

below:

TABLE 4.6.1-a Marine Engine Emission Factor and Fuel Consumption

Pollutant Exponent (x) Intercept (b) Coefficient (a)

PM 1.5 0.2551 0.0059

NOx 1.5 10.4496 0.1255

SO2 1 0 2.3735

CO 1 0 0.8378

HC 1.5 0 0.0667

CO2 1 648.6 44.1

The marine engine emission rates in grams per kilowatt-hour are presented in the table below:

Vessel Type Cruise Slow Cruise Maneuvering Hoteling

PM10-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

PM10-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

PM 10-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

PM10-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 0.75 0.2784 0.75 0.75

General Cargo 0.75 0.2836 0.75 0.75

Passenger 1.14 0.3211 1.14 1.14

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 0.75 0.291 0.75 0.75

All non-oceangoing 1.14 0.2784 1.14 1.14

PM2.5-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

PM2.5-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

PM2.5-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

PM2.5-FIL 

(gr/kw-hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 0.28 0.2784 0.28 0.28
216

Vessel Type Cruise Slow Cruise Maneuvering Hoteling

General Cargo 0.28 0.2836 0.28 0.28

Passenger 1.1 0.3211 1.1 1.1

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 0.28 0.291 0.28 0.28

All non-oceangoing 1.1 0.2784 1.1 1.1

SO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

SO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

SO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

SO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 6.16 28.6027 6.16 11.1

General Cargo 6.16 29.2012 6.16 11.1

Passenger 11.1 32.7919 11.1 57.9273

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 6.16 29.9991 6.16 11.1

All non-oceangoing 11.1 28.6027 11.1 11.1

CO 

(gr/kw-hr)

CO 

(gr/kw-hr)

CO 

(gr/kw-hr)

CO 

(gr/kw-hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 1.1 2.0945 1.1 1.1

General Cargo 1.1 2.3937 1.1 1.1

Passenger 1.1 4.189 1.1 1.1

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 1.1 2.7927 1.1 1.1

All non-oceangoing 1.1 2.0945 1.1 1.1

HC 

(gr/kw-hr)

HC 

(gr/kw-hr)

HC 

(gr/kw-hr)

HC 

(gr/kw-hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 0.4 0.2637 0.4 0.4

General Cargo 0.4 0.3221 0.4 0.4

Passenger 0.4 0.7457 0.4 0.4

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 0.4 0.4059 0.4 0.4

All non-oceangoing 0.4 0.2637 0.4 0.4

CO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

CO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

CO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

CO2 

(gr/kw-hr)

Bulk Carriers & Tankers 620.62 758.85 620.62 620.62

General Cargo 620.62 774.6 620.62 620.62

Passenger 620.62 869.1 620.62 620.62

Container/ RORO/ Reefer/Auto Carrier 620.62 795.6 620.62 620.62

All non-oceangoing 620.62 758.85 620.62 620.62

No point source emissions were subtracted from the area source inventory.

Point Source 

Adjustments

Adjustment for 

Controls
217

No controls are available for this source category.

Spatial

Divided cruise emissions out to counties along travel route.

Temporal

Data for temporal allocation is not available for this source.

The equation used to estimate emissions from commercial marine vessels is:

Emissionsigh = Tripsi x Powerih x LFi g x Timei g x EFi

a. Tripsi = Number of trips or vessel calls by vessel (i) and engine type (h)

 b. Poweri = rated power of propulsion engine by vessel (i) and engine type (h)

c. LFi g = Load factor (fraction of rated power) in mode g (cruise, slow cruise or maneuvering)

 d. Timeig = average time for each mode by vessel (i) and mode (g) (hours) 

This information can be obtained from local Port Authorities. If information is not available 

for certain ports, EPA developed a port matching method that can be used to match an 

unknown port to a port with detailed characteristics (EPA, 2002). 

e. EFi h = Emission factor in mode (i) and by engine type (h)

Emission Factors - Commercial Marine Emission Inventory Development 

(EPA420-R-02-019, July 2002)

TIME VCC, DWT, MODE =

CALLS VCC, DWT x LENGTH VCC, DWT x %TIME VCC, DWT, 

MODE

100

EMISSIONS VCC, DWT, MODE =

(EF)(LF MODE ) x (HP) (DWT) x LF MODE x TIME VCC, DWT, 

MODE

Where:

VCC is the vessel class (bulk carrier, tanker, container, general cargo, passenger, reefer, 

RORO, tug, vehicle carrier, or miscellaneous)

DWT is the deadweight tons

EF is the emissions factor

LF is the mode specific load factor

Spatial and 

Temporal 

Allocations

Emissions 

Calculation
218

For the calculation, the TIME equation requires port areas input estimation data from port calls, 

vessel types and typical times in different operating modes. Three different speeds were 

considered: cruising, reduced speed zone (RSZ), and maneuvering. For port calculations, diesel 

and residual fueled ships can use the same calculation methodology. 

While the guidance method outlined in Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessels Emissions and 

Fuel Consumption Data (EPA-450-R-00-002), February 2000, provides the EF and HP 

relationships. 

Data on the type of vessels, number of calls per vessel type, deadweight tons per vessel type, and 

time in each mode per vessel type using Baltimore port facilities came from the Baltimore 

Maritime Exchange (BME). 

In addition, the BME provided data that translated into approximately 85 percent of the vessels 

arriving from the south (up the Chesapeake Bay) and 15 percent of the vessels arriving from the 

north (down from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal). The data allowed MDE to allocate slow 

cruising emissions to the appropriate counties to the north and south of the Port of Baltimore. 

Emissions associated with "normal cruising" were assumed by MDE not to have occurred while in 

the Maryland air shed.

All of the maneuvering and hoteling emissions were assigned to the City of Baltimore.
Appendix B2

Area and Non-Nonroad Model 

Inventory Document

(Virginia Department of Environmental Quality)
(12708thousand gallons)(10563Employees)(0.2lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2102004000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Distillate Oil

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.07744 tons/year VOC

154.88549 lb/year VOC

(StIDisti)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.07744 * / /

0.0002482DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Oil

Tier 3 Description: Distillate

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil

This category covers non-point industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume distillate fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes.

Small Stationary Source Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion

2011 statewide industrial distillate oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were subtracted from the EIA state total fuel consumption. The remaining statewide industrial distillate fuel consumption attributed to nonpoint sources was apportioned from a state level to a county level based on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a

potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment.
(5926kgal)(10563Employees)(0.28lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2102005000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Residual Oil

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.05056 tons/year VOC

101.11677 lb/year VOC

(StIResid)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.05056 * / /

0.000162DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Oil

Tier 3 Description: Residual

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil

This category covers industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume residual fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes.

Small Stationary Source Industrial Residual Oil Combustion

2011 statewide industrial residual oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA total state fuel consumption value in order to avoid double counting fuel in the non-point source inventory

that has already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide industrial residual oil consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on employment data for NAICS 31-33 which was obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater

than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment.
(21453million cubic feet)(10563Employees)(5.5lb/mil cubic ft)(0.48)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2102006000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Natural Gas

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.7257 tons/year VOC

3451.4014 lb/year VOC

(StINGas)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.7257 * / /

0.0055311DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Gas

Tier 3 Description: Natural

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Natural Gas

This category covers non-point industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume natural gas for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes.

Small Stationary Source Industrial Natural Gas Combustion

2011 statewide industrial natural gas fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted in order to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source emission inventory that have already been

accounted for in the VDEQ point source emission inventory. The remaining statewide industrial natural gas consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a county level based

on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC

employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment.
(26342858553180btu)(10563Employees)(0.000000058tons/btu)(0.1768lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(ActCF)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2102008000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 8.23089 tons/year VOC

16461.77667 lb/year VOC

(StIWood)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(btu to tons)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 8.23089 * / /

0.0263811DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Other

Tier 3 Description: Wood/Bark Waste

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Biomass

This emission inventory category covers industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume wood and wood waste used as a fuel for the operation of space heating, boiler operation,

energy generation, and other industrial manufacturing purposes.

Small Stationary Source Industrial Wood Combustion

2011 statewide industrial wood and wood waste consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ

air permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA state fuel consumption total to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source inventory that

have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide industrial wood and wood waste consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state non-point fuel consumption down to a county level.
(396thousand gallons)(10563Employees)(0.19lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(173334Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2102011000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Industrial

SCC_L3: Kerosene

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.00229 tons/year VOC

4.58514 lb/year VOC

(StIKero)(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 31-33)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.00229 * / /

0.0000073DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Industrial

Tier 2 Description: Other

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil

This category covers non-point industrial stationary fuel combustion sources that consume kerosene for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation and other industrial manufacturing purposes.

Small Stationary Source Industrial Kerosene Combustion

2011 statewide industrial kerosene consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air permits

with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA statewide fuel consumption total to avoid double counting. The remaining statewide industrial kerosene

consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 31-33 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources

with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption down to the

county level.
(34686tons)(506572Employees)(0.05lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103002000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.15793 tons/year VOC

315.85954 lb/year VOC

(StCBit)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.15793 * / /

0.0000003DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Coal

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Coal

This emission inventory category covers commercial/institutional fuel combustion sources that consume bituminous and subbituminous coal for the operation of space heating, boilers, energy

generation, and other commercial and institutional purposes.

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion

2011 statewide commercial bituminous coal fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with permitted facilities

with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted. The remaining statewide commercial bituminous coal consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a

county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified

in the VEC employment data and manually removed in order to avoid double counting of the emissions from these sources in both the point source and non-point inventories.
(19065.49kgal)(506572Employees)(0.34lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103004000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Distillate Oil

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.59029 tons/year VOC

1180.58337 lb/year VOC

(StCDisti)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.59029 * / /

0.0000013DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Oil

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil

This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume distillate oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation and other commercial/institutional purposes.

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion

2011 statewide commercial distillate oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA state total fuel consumption value to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source inventory

that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial distillate oil consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point sources with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption data down to a county level.
(504kgal)(506572Employees)(1.13lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103005000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Residual Oil

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.05186 tons/year VOC

103.72388 lb/year VOC

(StCResid)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.05186 * / /

0.0000001DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Oil

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil

This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume residual fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation, and other commercial/institutional purposes.

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion

2011 statewide commercial residual oil fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA state total fuel consumption estimate to prevent double counting emissions in the non-point source

emission inventory that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial residual consumption attributed to non-point

sources was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than

100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state level fuel consumption estimate down to a county level.
(61001million cubic feet)(506572Employees)(5.5lb/mil cubic ft)(0.66)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103006000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Natural Gas

SCC_L4: Total: Boilers and IC Engines

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 20.16431 tons/year VOC

40328.6203 lb/year VOC

(StCNGas)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 20.16431 * / /

0.0000433DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Commercial/Institutional Gas

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Natural Gas

This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume natural gas for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines, energy

generation and other commercial/institutional purposes.

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion

2011 Statewide commercial natural gas fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA statewide fuel consumption total in order to avoid double counting emissions in the non-point source

inventory that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial natural gas consumption attributed to non-point sources

was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption value down to a county level.
(56248kgal)(506572Employees)(0.52lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103007000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.66348 tons/year VOC

5326.96913 lb/year VOC

(StCLpGas)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.66348 * / /

0.0000057DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Misc. Fuel Comb. (Except Residential)

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Other

This category covers commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume liquid petroleum gas for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation and other commercial/institutional purposes

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion

2011 statewide commercial liquid petroleum gas consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ

air permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted. The remaining statewide commercial liquid petroleum gas consumption attributed to non-point sources was

apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100

tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state level fuel consumption data down to a county level.
(2006403786000btu)(506572Employees)(0.000000058tons/btu)(0.1768lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(ActCF)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103008000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Total: All Boiler Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.87356 tons/year VOC

3747.12682 lb/year VOC

(StCWood)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(btu to tons)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.87356 * / /

0.000004DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Misc. Fuel Comb. (Except Residential)

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Biomass

This emission inventory category covers non-point commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume wood and wood waste for the operation of space heating, boilers,

energy generation, and other commercial/institutional purposes.

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Wood Combustion

2011 statewide commercial wood fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted. The remaining statewide commercial wood consumption attributed to non-point sources was apportioned to a county

level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater than 100 tons/year were identified in the

VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state total fuel consumption estimate down to a county level.
(1092kgal)(506572Employees)(0.33lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(2781451Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2103011000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L3: Kerosene

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.03282 tons/year VOC

65.6306 lb/year VOC

(StCKero)(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - Codes 42-81)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.03282 * / /

0.0000001DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Misc. Fuel Comb. (Except Residential)

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil

This category covers non-point commercial/institutional stationary fuel combustion sources that consume kerosene for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation and other commercial/institutional purposes.

Small Stationary Source Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion

2011 statewide commercial kerosene fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration. Point source fuel consumption associated with facilities with VDEQ air

permits with a potential to emit greater than 100 tpy were was subtracted from the EIA total fuel consumption estimate in order to avoid double counting of emissions in the non-point source

emission inventory that have already been accounted for in the VDEQ point source air emission inventory. The remaining statewide commercial kerosene coal consumption attributed to nonpoint sources was apportioned to a county level based on NAICS 42-81 employment data obtained from the Virginia Employment Commission. VDEQ point source with a potential to emit greater

than 100 tons/year were identified in the VEC employment data and manually removed prior to apportionment of the state fuel consumption total down to a county level.
(9900tons)(1063957People)(10lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104002000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.73771 tons/year VOC

13475.41708 lb/year VOC

(StRBit)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.73771 * / /

0.0000145DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Other

This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume bituminous and subbituminous coal for the operation of space heating, boilers, energy

generation and other residential purposes.

Small Stationary Source Residential Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Combustion

2011 Statewide residential bituminous coal fuel consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level

population data.
(118188thousand gallons)(1063957People)(0.7lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104004000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Distillate Oil

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.63052 tons/year VOC

11261.03835 lb/year VOC

(StRDisti)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.63052 * / /

0.0000121DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Distillate Oil

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Oil

This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume distillate fuel oil for the operation of space heating, boilers, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation, and other residential purposes.

Small Stationary Source Residential Distillate Oil Combustion

2011 Statewide residential distillate fuel oil consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level population

data.
(79301million cubic feet)(1063957People)(5.5lb/mil cubic ft)(0.66)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104006000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Natural Gas

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 19.59126 tons/year VOC

39182.51671 lb/year VOC

(StRNGas)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 19.59126 * / /

0.0000421DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Natural Gas

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Natural Gas

This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume natural gas for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines,

turbines, energy generation, and other residential purposes.

Small Stationary Source Residential Natural Gas Combustion

2011 Statewide residential natural gas consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level population data.
(142128kgal)(1063957People)(0.52lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104007000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.02991 tons/year VOC

10059.81499 lb/year VOC

(StRLpGas)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.02991 * / /

0.0000108DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Other

This category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume liquid petroleum gas for the operation of space heating, boiler operation, reciprocating engines, turbines,

energy generation, and other residential purposes.

Small Stationary Source Residential Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion

2011 Statewide residential liquid petroleum gas consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on2011 county level

population data.
(1year)(1138800lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Fireplace: general

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 569.4 tons/year VOC

1138800 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 569.4 * / /

0.0012225DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Fireplaces

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers residential fireplaces in general where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Fireplace: general

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(1372314lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008210 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 686.157 tons/year VOC

1372314 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 686.157 * / /

0.0014732DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers non-EPA certified woodstove fireplace inserts where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(99132.4lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008220 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; non-catalytic

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 49.5662 tons/year VOC

99132.39844 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 49.5662 * / /

0.0001064DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers EPA certified non-catalytic woodstove fireplace inserts where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; non-catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(41305.2lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008230 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; catalytic

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 20.6526 tons/year VOC

41305.19922 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 20.6526 * / /

0.0000443DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers EPA certified catalytic woodstove fireplace inserts where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(119305.2lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008310 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA certified

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 59.6526 tons/year VOC

119305.20312 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 59.6526 * / /

0.0001281DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers freestanding non-EPA certified woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA certified

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(8619.42lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008320 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, non-catalytic

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.30971 tons/year VOC

8619.41992 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.30971 * / /

0.0000093DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers freestanding EPA certified non-catalytic woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, non-catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(3583.86lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008330 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, catalytic

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.79193 tons/year VOC

3583.86011 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.79193 * / /

0.0000038DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers freestanding EPA certified catalytic woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, catalytic

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(24.067lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008400 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Woodstove: pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert)

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.01203 tons/year VOC

24.067 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.01203 * / /

0DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Woodstoves

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers freestanding and fireplace insert pellet-fired woodstoves where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Woodstove: pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert)

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(49450.4lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008510 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Furnace: Indoor, cordwood-fired, non-EPA certified

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 24.7252 tons/year VOC

49450.39844 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 24.7252 * / /

0.0000531DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers indoor cordwood-fired non-EPA certified furnaces where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily for the space heating.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Furnace: Indoor, cordwood-fired, non-EPA certified

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(8579.12lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104008700 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Wood

SCC_L4: Outdoor wood burning device, NEC (fire-pits, chimeas, etc)

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.28956 tons/year VOC

8579.12012 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.28956 * / /

0.0000092DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers fire-pits, chimeas and other miscellaneous outdoor wood burning devices where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Outdoor wood burning device, NEC (fire-pits, chimeas, etc)

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(40820lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104009000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Firelog

SCC_L4: Total: All Combustor Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 20.41 tons/year VOC

40820 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 20.41 * / /

0.0000438DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Wood

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Wood

This emission inventory category covers Fireplaces of all combustor types where wood and wood wastes are used as a fuel primarily.

Small Stationary Source Residential Wood Combustion, Fireplace: Total: All Combustor Types

2011 county level residential wood emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA Residential Wood Combustion Estimation Tool were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission

Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(6510thousand gallons)(1063957People)(0.672lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(7816585People)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2104011000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC_L2: Residential

SCC_L3: Kerosene

SCC_L4: Total: All Heater Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.29773 tons/year VOC

595.46642 lb/year VOC

(StRKero)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StPop)

0.0000665589 1 31

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.29773 * / /

0.0000006DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Fuel Comb. Other

Tier 2 Description: Residential Other

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Fuel Comb - Residential - Oil

This emission inventory category covers residential stationary fuel combustion sources that consume kerosene for the operation of space heaters and/or boilers.

Small Stationary Source Residential Kerosene Combustion

2011 Statewide residential kerosene fuel oil consumption data was obtained from the Energy Information Administration and apportioned to a county level based on 2011 county level

population data.
(13719LTOs)(0.1207947lb/LTO)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2275070000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Aircraft

SCC_L3: Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units

SCC_L4: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

82963214

County Loudoun County

Washington Dulles Inter

Washington Dulles Inter

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.82859 tons/year VOC

1657.18196 lb/year VOC

(Aircraft /Auxiliary Power Unit)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.82859 * / /

0.0022701DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

EF_Facility_Name

Facility

EIS Emissions Process ID

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Aircraft

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Other

This category covers the emissions associated with aircraft auxiliary power units

Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units

Aircraft auxiliary power units emissions calculated based on number of aircraft LTOs taking place at designated airfield
(1year)(156.75lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2280002200 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Marine Vessels, Commercial

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Underway emissions

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.07837 tons/year VOC

156.74995 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.07837 * / /

0.0002147DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Marine Vessels

Tier 3 Description: Diesel

EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Commercial Marine Vessels

This source category emission inventory covers emissions from commercial marine vessels powered by diesel engines while underway.

Commercial Marine Vessels, Diesel, Underway

2011 county level commercial marine vessel emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(497.212lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2280003200 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Marine Vessels, Commercial

SCC_L3: Residual

SCC_L4: Underway emissions

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.24861 tons/year VOC

497.21201 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.24861 * / /

0.0006811DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Marine Vessels

Tier 3 Description: Diesel

EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Commercial Marine Vessels

This source category emission inventory covers emissions from commercial marine vessels powered by residual fuel engines while underway.

Commercial Marine Vessels, Residual, Underway

2011 county level commercial marine vessel emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(21277.34lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2285002006 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Railroad Equipment

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Line Haul Locomotives: Class I Operations

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1

County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 10.63867 tons/year VOC

21277.33789 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 10.63867 * / /

0.029147DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Railroads

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Locomotives

This source category emission inventory covers the emissions from Class I locomotive engines.

Class I Line Haul Locomotive Engines

2011 county level Class I line haul rail emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia

state inventory.
(114322.726VMT)(2.12gallons per train mile traveled)(0.0179lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2285002008 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Railroad Equipment

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Line Haul Locomotives: Passenger Trains (Amtrak)

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.16916 tons/year VOC

4338.31866 lb/year VOC

(Train_VMT_Amtrak)(Amtrak Passenger Rail)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.16916 * / /

0.0059429DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Railroads

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Locomotives

This source category emission inventory covers the emissions from passenger rail locomotive engines operated by AMTRAK throughout portions of Virginia.

Passenger Rail Locomotive Engines

VDEQ staff collected CY 2011 passenger rail activity data and developed a comprehensive passenger rail emission inventory in-house.
(132114.656VMT)(4.55gallons per train mile traveled)(0.02981lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2285002009 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Mobile Sources

SCC_L2: Railroad Equipment

SCC_L3: Diesel

SCC_L4: Line Haul Locomotives: Commuter Lines

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 8.95972 tons/year VOC

17919.43755 lb/year VOC

(CommuterRailMilesTraveled)(VRE Commuter Rail)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 8.95972 * / /

0.0245472DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Off-Highway

Tier 2 Description: Railroads

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Mobile - Locomotives

This source category emission inventory covers the emission from commuter rail locomotives operated by the Virginia Rail Express in Northern Virginia

Commuter Rail Locomotive Engines

VDEQ obtained CY 2011 commuter rail fuel consumption data from VRE and allocated it to each county based on actual county specific locomotive VMT. In 2011, VRE replaced their entire fleet

of tier 0 locomotives with new cleaner burning tier 2 locomotives. The new locomotives were phased-in over the course of the year. In CY 2011, approximately 1/2 the annual VMT were

attributed to Tier 0 locomotives and the other 1/2 of the annual VMT were attributed to Tier 2 locomotives. Beginning in CY 2012, the entire fleet will be operating as Tier 2 locomotives.
(1063957People)(1.205601E-02lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302002100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling

SCC_L4: Conveyorized Charbroiling

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.41354 tons/year VOC

12827.07607 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.41354 * / /

0.0234284DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking

EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from conveyorized commercial charbroiling cooking appliances.

Conveyorized Commercial Cooking Charbroiling

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1063957People)(4.148031E-02lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302002200 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling

SCC_L4: Under-fired Charbroiling

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 22.06663 tons/year VOC

44133.2625 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 22.06663 * / /

0.0806087DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking

EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from under-fired conveyorized commercial charbroiling cooking appliances.

Under-fired Commercial Cooking Charbroiling

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1063957People)(1.260815E-02lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302003000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Frying

SCC_L4: Deep Fat Fying

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.70727 tons/year VOC

13414.53046 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.70727 * / /

0.0245014DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking

EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from commercial deep fat frying commercial cooking appliances.

Commercial Deep Fat Frying Commercial Cooking

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1063957People)(5.943282E-03lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302003100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Frying

SCC_L4: Flat Griddle Frying

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.1617 tons/year VOC

6323.39604 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.1617 * / /

0.0115496DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking

EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from flat griddle frying commercial cooking appliances.

Commercial Flat Griddle Frying Commercial Cooking

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1063957People)(2.31564E-04lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302003200 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Commercial Cooking - Frying

SCC_L4: Clamshell Griddle Frying

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.12319 tons/year VOC

246.37411 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.333333333 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.12319 * / /

0.00045DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Commercial Cooking

EPA_SECTOR: Commercial Cooking

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from clamshell griddle frying commercial cooking appliances.

Commercial clamshell Griddle Frying Commercial Cooking

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1063957People)(0.31lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302050000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Bakery Products

SCC_L4: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 164.91334 tons/year VOC

329826.67254 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 164.91334 * / /

0.6342821DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Feed Mills

EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - NEC

This non-point category covers bakery non-point emissions

Bakery

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1016469gallons)(34Facilities)(0.00374lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(249facilities)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302070005 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Fermentation/Beverages

SCC_L4: Wineries

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.25955 tons/year VOC

519.09317 lb/year VOC

(WineProduced)(WineryCount)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(WineryCount)

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.25955 * / /

0.0009983DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - NEC

This non-point category covers the emissions associated with winery fermentation and bottling activities

Winery

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1year)(112.9986lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2302070010 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Industrial Processes

SCC_L2: Food and Kindred Products: SIC 20

SCC_L3: Fermentation/Beverages

SCC_L4: Distilleries

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 99

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.0565 tons/year VOC

112.9986 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.0565 * / /

0.0001548DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Other Industrial Processes

Tier 2 Description: Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - NEC

This non-point category covers the emissions associated with distillery operations

Distillery

2011 county commercial cooking emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(1063957People)(1.88lb/gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401001000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Architectural Coatings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1000.11958 tons/year VOC

2000239.15493 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.33 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1000.11958 * / /

3.6168708DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Architectural

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Non-Industrial Surface Coating

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of non-industrial architectural surface coatings.

Non-Industrial Architectural Surface Coatings

VDEQ developed 2011 county level architectural surface coating emission estimates using a per capita based emission factor.
(4891Employees)(94.69lb/emp)(1)(1-(0.36 * 1 * 1))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401005000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Auto Refinishing: SIC 7532

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 148.20122 tons/year VOC

296402.43324 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Auto Ref)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 148.20122 * / /

0.5700047DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Auto Refinishing

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of automotive refinishing surface coating products.

Surface Coating - Auto Refinishing

VDEQ developed 2011 county level auto refinishing surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(3157.93305858833road miles)(21.576lb/road miles)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401008000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Traffic Markings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 34.06778 tons/year VOC

68135.56435 lb/year VOC

(Road Miles)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 34.06778 * / /

0.1310299DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Traffic Markings

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of lane markings to paved road surfaces.

Traffic Markings

VDEQ developed 2011 county level traffic markings surface coating emission estimates using an activity level of paved road miles and an emission factor that estimates emissions based on miles

of roads lane markings applied.
(98Employees)(48.07lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401015000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.35543 tons/year VOC

4710.85997 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Factory Finished Wood)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.35543 * / /

0.0090593DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Flatwood Products

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coating products to factory finished wood.

Surface Coating - Factory Finished Wood

VDEQ developed 2011 county level factory finished wood surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission

factor.
(394Employees)(524.1249lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401020000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Wood Furniture: SIC 25

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 103.2526 tons/year VOC

206505.2019 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Wood Furn)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 103.2526 * / /

0.3971254DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Wood Furniture

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to wood furniture.

Surface Coating - Wood Furniture

VDEQ developed 2011 county level wood furniture surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(158Employees)(887.8026lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401025000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Metal Furniture: SIC 25

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 70.1364 tons/year VOC

140272.8031 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Metal Furn)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 70.1364 * / /

0.2697554DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Metal Furniture

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to metal furniture.

Surface Coating - Metal Furniture

VDEQ developed 2011 county level metal furniture surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(14Employees)(609.3888lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401030000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Paper: SIC 26

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.26572 tons/year VOC

8531.44312 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Paper, foil, and film)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.26572 * / /

0.0164066DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Paper

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coating products to paper, foil and film.

Surface Coating - Paper, Foil, and Film

VDEQ developed 2011 county level paper, foil, and film coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(7Employees)(3035lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401040000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Metal Cans: SIC 341

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51600

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax city

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 10.6225 tons/year VOC

21245 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Metal Can Coating)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 10.6225 * / /

0.0408558DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Metal Cans

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coating to metal cans.

Surface Coating - Metal Cans

VDEQ developed 2011 county metal cans surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(1496Employees)(51.64lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401055000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 38.62672 tons/year VOC

77253.43909 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Machinery and Equipment)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 38.62672 * / /

0.1485643DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Machinery

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to machinery and equipment.

Surface Coating - machinery and equipment

VDEQ developed 2011 county level machinery and equipment surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.
(2Employees)(24.7lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401065000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.0247 tons/year VOC

49.4 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Electronic and other Electric Coatings)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.0247 * / /

0.000095DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Electronic & Other Electrical

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to electrical and electronic products.

Surface Coatings - Electrical and Electronic

VDEQ developed 2011 county level electrical and electronic surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.
(2Employees)(24.7lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401065000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.0247 tons/year VOC

49.4 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Electronic and other Electric Coatings)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.0247 * / /

0.000095DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Electronic & Other Electrical

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to electrical and electronic products.

Surface Coatings - Electrical and Electronic

VDEQ developed 2011 county level electrical and electronic surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.
(49Employees)(194.497lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401070000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Motor Vehicles: SIC 371

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 4.76518 tons/year VOC

9530.35121 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Motor Vehicles)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 4.76518 * / /

0.0183276DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Autos & Light Trucks

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to motor vehicles.

Surface Coatings - Motor Vehicles

VDEQ developed 2011 county level motor vehicle surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(151Employees)(12.98lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401075000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Aircraft: SIC 372

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51683

Scenario: 1

County Manassas city

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.97999 tons/year VOC

1959.97993 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Aircraft)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.97999 * / /

0.0037692DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Aircraft

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to aircraft.

Surface Coatings - Aircraft

VDEQ developed 2011 county level aircraft surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(151Employees)(12.98lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401075000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Aircraft: SIC 372

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.97999 tons/year VOC

1959.97993 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Aircraft)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.97999 * / /

0.0037692DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Aircraft

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to aircraft.

Surface Coatings - Aircraft

VDEQ developed 2011 county level aircraft surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(424Employees)(92.42051lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401090000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Miscellaneous Manufacturing

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 19.59315 tons/year VOC

39186.29596 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Miscelaneous Manufacturing)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 19.59315 * / /

0.0753583DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to miscellaneous manufacturing products.

Surface Coatings - Miscellaneous Manufacturing

VDEQ developed 2011 county level miscellaneous manufacturing surface coating emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based

emission factor.
(1063957People)(0.15lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401100000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Industrial Maintenance Coatings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 79.79678 tons/year VOC

159593.55634 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.33 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 79.79678 * / /

0.4051221DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Maintenance Coatings

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of surface coatings to industrial maintenance products.

Surface Coatings - Miscellaneous Maintenance

VDEQ developed 2011 county level industrial maintenance surface coating emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(1063957People)(6.42852E-03lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2401200000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Surface Coating

SCC_L3: Other Special Purpose Coatings

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.41983 tons/year VOC

6839.66906 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.33 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.41983 * / /

0.0173622DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions resulting from the application of other special product coatings.

Surface Coatings - Other Special Purpose

VDEQ developed 2011 county level other special purpose coatings , OSP, surface coating emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(21044Employees)(36.96504lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2415000000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Degreasing

SCC_L3: All Processes/All Industries

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 388.94617 tons/year VOC

777892.34625 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Degreasing)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 388.94617 * / /

1.2466223DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Degreasing

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Degreasing

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions emitted from solvent degreasing.

Degreasing

VDEQ developed 2011 county level degreasing emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(1067Employees)(10lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2420000000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Dry Cleaning

SCC_L3: All Processes

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.335 tons/year VOC

10670 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Dry Cleaning)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.335 * / /

0.0170994DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Dry Cleaning

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Dry Cleaning

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from dry cleaning.

Dry Cleaning

VDEQ developed 2011 county level dry cleaning emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(1022Employees)(201lb/emp)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2425000000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Graphic Arts

SCC_L3: All Processes

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 102.711 tons/year VOC

205422 lb/year VOC

(NAICS Employment - Graphic Arts)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 102.711 * / /

0.3950423DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Graphic Arts

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Graphic Arts

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from graphic art printing.

Graphic Arts

VDEQ developed 2011 county level graphic arts emission estimates using employment data from the Virginia Employment Commission and an employee based emission factor.
(1year)(408194lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2440020000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Industrial

SCC_L3: Adhesive (Industrial) Application

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 204.097 tons/year VOC

408194 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.28 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 204.097 * / /

0.6262702DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Surface Coating

Tier 3 Description: Industrial Adhesives

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from the use of industrial adhesives.

Industrial Adhesives

2011 county miscellaneous industrial adhesives emission estimates that were estimated by the EPA were obtained from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1063957People)(1.9lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460100000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Personal Care Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1010.75914 tons/year VOC

2021518.27463 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1010.75914 * / /

2.7692031DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from personal care products.

Personal Care Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level personal care products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(1063957People)(1.8lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460200000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Household Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 957.56127 tons/year VOC

1915122.54927 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 957.56127 * / /

2.6234555DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from household products.

Household Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level household products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(1063957People)(1.36lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460400000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Automotive Aftermarket Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 723.49077 tons/year VOC

1446981.53522 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 723.49077 * / /

1.9821665DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from automotive aftermarket products.

Automotive Aftermarket Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level automotive aftermarket products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(1063957People)(0.95lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460500000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Coatings and Related Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 505.37957 tons/year VOC

1010759.13732 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 505.37957 * / /

1.3846016DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Consumer Solvents

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from consumer and commercial solvents.

Commercial and Consumer Solvents

VDEQ developed 2011 county level miscellaneous non-industrial consumer and commercial products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission

factor.
(1063957People)(0.57lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460600000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All Adhesives and Sealants

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 303.22774 tons/year VOC

606455.48239 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 303.22774 * / /

0.8307609DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Adhesives

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from commercial and consumer adhesives and sealants.

Adhesives and Sealants

VDEQ developed 2011 county level adhesives and sealants emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(1063957People)(1.78lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460800000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: All FIFRA Related Products

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 946.92171 tons/year VOC

1893843.42956 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 946.92171 * / /

2.5943061DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers all FIFRA related commercial and consumer pesticide products.

FIFRA Regulated Pesticide Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level all FIFRA related products emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per capita based emission factor.
(1063957People)(0.07lb/person)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2460900000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer and Commercial

SCC_L3: Miscellaneous Products (Not Otherwise Covered)

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 37.2385 tons/year VOC

74476.99032 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 37.2385 * / /

0.1020233DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers miscellaneous non-FIFRA commercial and consumer pesticide products.

Miscellaneous Pesticide Products

VDEQ developed 2011 county level miscellaneous non-industrial consumer and commercial products not otherwise covered emission estimates using 2011 county level population data and a per

capita based emission factor.
(8602bbl)(10528.9Million Miles)(88lb/bbl)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(76659Million Miles)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2461021000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Cutback Asphalt

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 51.98427 tons/year VOC

103968.54389 lb/year VOC

(Cutback Paving Asphalt)(Paved Roads VMT)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Paved Roads VMT)

0.389286078 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 51.98427 * / /

0.3113347DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Cutback Asphalt

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from cutback asphalt paving.

Cutback Asphalt Paving

VDEQ estimated 2011 cutback asphalt emissions by apportioning statewide cutback asphalt consumption to a county level based on paved road miles and then by applying an emission factor of

88 lbs VOC per barrel of cutback asphalt consumed.
(349853bbl)(10528.9Million Miles)(9.2lb/bbl)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(76659Million Miles)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2461022000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Emulsified Asphalt

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 221.03613 tons/year VOC

442072.26827 lb/year VOC

(Emulsified Paving Asphalt)(Paved Roads VMT)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Paved Roads VMT)

0.389286078 0.25 260

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 221.03613 * / /

1.3237891DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Other Asphalt

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions from emulsified asphalt paving

Emulsified Asphalt Paving

VDEQ estimated 2011 emulsified asphalt emissions by apportioning statewide emulsified asphalt consumption to a county level based on paved road miles and then by applying an emission

factor of 88 lbs VOC per barrel of cutback asphalt consumed.
(129000000lbs)(7220Employees)(1063957People)(2.45lb/lb)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(413361Employees)(7816585People)

(National Acttivity Level)(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2461800000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Pesticide Application: All Processes

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 375.69942 tons/year VOC

751398.84443 lb/year VOC

(PESTI_I/C/G_USA)(I/C/G_PesticideApplicators_State)(CoPop)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(I/C/G_PesticideApplicators_USA)(StPop)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 375.69942 * / /

1.2041648DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from the application of institutional/commercial/governmental pesticide.

I/C/G Pesticide Application

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by apportioning national institutional/commercial/governmental pesticide consumption to a county level and then applying an appropriate emission

factor.
(877000000lbs)(142452Acres)(2.45lb/lb)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(919990000Acres)

(National Acttivity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2461850000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial

SCC_L3: Pesticide Application: Agricultural

SCC_L4: All Processes

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 166.34936 tons/year VOC

332698.72037 lb/year VOC

(PESTI_Ag_USA)(FarmAcres)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(UsaFarmAcres)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 166.34936 * / /

0.533171DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from agricultural pesticide application.

Agricultural Pesticide Application

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by apportioning national agricultural pesticide consumption to a county level based on acres of cultivated farmland and then applying an appropriate

emission factor.
(127000000lbs)(8038612People)(222612Households)(2.45lb/lb)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(311591917People)(1772227households)

(National Acttivity Level)(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2465800000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Solvent Utilization

SCC_L2: Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Consumer

SCC_L3: Pesticide Application

SCC_L4: Total: All Solvent Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 504.15482 tons/year VOC

1008309.64255 lb/year VOC

(PESTI_HG_US)(StPop)(Households)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(UsaPop)(Households)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 504.15482 * / /

1.6158808DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Solvent Utilization

Tier 2 Description: Nonindustrial

Tier 3 Description: Pesticide Application

EPA_SECTOR: Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from consumer pesticide application.

Consumer Pesticide application

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by apportioning national consumer pesticide consumption to a county level using population and household data and then applying an appropriate

emission factor.
(1year)(115897.1lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501011011 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Permeation

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 57.94854 tons/year VOC

115897.07031 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 57.94854 * / /

0.239982DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers permeation emissions resulting from residential portable gas cans.

Residential Portable Gas Can Permeation Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(226285lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501011012 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses)

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 113.1425 tons/year VOC

226285 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 113.1425 * / /

0.4685566DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers evaporation and diurnal losses from residential portable gas cans.

Residential Portable Gas Can Evaporation and Diurnal Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(119813.5lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501011013 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Spillage During Transport

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 59.90674 tons/year VOC

119813.48438 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 59.90674 * / /

0.2480915DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from residential portable fuel can spillage that occurs during transport.

Residential Portable Gas Can Spillage During Transport Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(42525.01lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501011014 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Vapor Displacement

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 21.2625 tons/year VOC

42525.00781 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 21.2625 * / /

0.0880543DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from vapor displacement at the pump that take place while the residential gas cans are being filled.

Residential Portable Gas Can Vapor Displacement At the Pump Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(3968.615lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501011015 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Residential Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Spillage

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.98431 tons/year VOC

3968.61475 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.98431 * / /

0.0082176DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from residential portable fuel can spillage that at the pump.

Residential Portable Gas Can Spillage At The Pump

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(3701.778lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501012011 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Permeation

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.85089 tons/year VOC

3701.77783 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.85089 * / /

0.0076651DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers permeation emissions resulting from commercial portable gas cans.

Commercial Portable Gas Can Permeation Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(7227.593lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501012012 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses)

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.6138 tons/year VOC

7227.59326 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.6138 * / /

0.0149658DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers evaporation and diurnal losses from commercial portable gas cans.

Commercial Portable Gas Can Evaporation and Diurnal Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(163444.1lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501012013 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Spillage During Transport

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 81.72203 tons/year VOC

163444.0625 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 81.72203 * / /

0.3384351DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from commercial portable fuel can spillage that occurs during transport.

Commercial Portable Gas Can Spillage During Transport Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(81954.96lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501012014 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Vapor Displacement

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 40.97748 tons/year VOC

81954.96094 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 40.97748 * / /

0.1696999DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from vapor displacement at the pump that take place while the commercial gas cans are being filled.

Commercial Portable Gas Can Vapor Displacement At the Pump Losses

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(7635.947lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501012015 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Commercial Portable Gas Cans

SCC_L4: Refilling at the Pump - Spillage

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 3.81797 tons/year VOC

7635.94727 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 3.81797 * / /

0.0158114DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category covers emissions resulting from commercial portable fuel can spillage that at the pump.

Commercial Portable Gas Can Spillage At The Pump

2011 county level portable fuel container emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the

Virginia state inventory.
(53970kgal)(42.6938775510204Employees)(127.8218lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1178Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501050120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1

County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 125.0108 tons/year VOC

250021.59879 lb/year VOC

(Motor Gasoline)(NAICS Employment - 42471)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - 42471)

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 125.0108 * / /

0.5177067DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions associated with gasoline petroleum bulk terminals and plants.

Petroleum Bulk Terminals and Plants, Gasoline

VDEQ used data from the Army Corps of Engineers 'Waterborne Commerce' reports to developed an emission inventory to quantify the air emissions of ocean going petroleum tankers involved in

the transport of gasoline.
(53970kgal)(42.6938775510204Employees)(127.8218lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1178Employees)

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501050120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 125.0108 tons/year VOC

250021.59879 lb/year VOC

(Motor Gasoline)(NAICS Employment - 42471)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(NAICS Employment - 42471)

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 125.0108 * / /

0.5177067DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions associated with gasoline petroleum bulk terminals and plants.

Petroleum Bulk Terminals and Plants, Gasoline

VDEQ used data from the Army Corps of Engineers 'Waterborne Commerce' reports to developed an emission inventory to quantify the air emissions of ocean going petroleum tankers involved in

the transport of gasoline.
(1year)(12254.34lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501055120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Plants: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51013

Scenario: 1

County Arlington County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.12717 tons/year VOC

12254.33984 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.12717 * / /

0.0253744DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions as a result of evaporative losses from gasoline product at bulk terminals and plants.

Bulk Plant Evaporative Losses, Gasoline

2011 county level gasoline bulk plant evaporative losses emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered

directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(1year)(12254.34lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501055120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Bulk Plants: All Evaporative Losses

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51510

Scenario: 1

County Alexandria city

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 6.12717 tons/year VOC

12254.33984 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.377893245 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 6.12717 * / /

0.0253744DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Bulk Terminals & Plants

Tier 3 Description: Area Source: Gasoline

EPA_SECTOR: Bulk Gasoline Terminals

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions as a result of evaporative losses from gasoline product at bulk terminals and plants.

Bulk Plant Evaporative Losses, Gasoline

2011 county level gasoline bulk plant evaporative losses emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered

directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(3867030.279kgal)(1144257Gas Sales ($1,000))(5.955217lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0.958481674194336 * 0.8 * 0.8))

(14237780Gas Sales ($1,000))

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501060053 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Gasoline Service Stations

SCC_L4: Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 279.67738 tons/year VOC

559354.75185 lb/year VOC

(StGasolineMotorFuelTaxed)(CoGasSales)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StGasSales)

0.262525702 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 279.67738 * / /

0.8046301DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage I

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage 1 emissions that take place when gasoline tank trucks transfer fuel into gas station gasoline storage tanks equipped with

balanced submerged filling equipment.

Stage 1 Refueling, Submerged Filling

Where gasoline Stage 1 balanced submerged filling applied, VDEQ apportioned state total fuel sales data to a county level based on county level sales tax data obtained from Va Division of Motor

Vehicles and the applied the appropriate emission factor.
(10860.4588790001Million VMT)(31.99795lb/MilVMT)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501060100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Gasoline Service Stations

SCC_L4: Stage 2: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 173.7562 tons/year VOC

347512.39513 lb/year VOC

(AnnualVMT)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.262525702 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 173.7562 * / /

0.4998955DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage II emissions that take place when vehicles are fueled with gasoline.

Stage II Automobile Refueling, Gasoline

VDEQ estimated Stage II refueling emissions using the EPA Mobile Model and entered the emission estimates directly into the state inventory system.
(5495997kgal)(1144257Gas Sales ($1,000))(0.8764497lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(14237780Gas Sales ($1,000))

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501060201 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Gasoline Service Stations

SCC_L4: Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 193.56409 tons/year VOC

387128.17987 lb/year VOC

(StMotorFuelTaxed)(CoGasSales)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StGasSales)

0.262525702 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 193.56409 * / /

0.5568827DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the emissions from underground storage tank breathing losses that result from internal vapor pressure inside the tanks needing to be

vented.

Underground Storage Tank Breathing Losses

VDEQ apportioned state total fuel consumption data to a county level based on county level sales tax data obtained from Va Division of Motor Vehicles and the applied the appropriate emission

factor.
(1year)(11620lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501070100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Diesel Service Stations

SCC_L4: Stage 2: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 5.81 tons/year VOC

11620 lb/year VOC

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.262525702 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 5.81 * / /

0.0167153DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Service Stations: Stage II

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage II emissions that take place when vehicles are fueled with diesel.

Stage II Automobile Refueling, Diesel

2011 county level Stage II diesel emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
(83775lbs VOC)(1LB / LB VOC)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501080050 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Airports : Aviation Gasoline

SCC_L4: Stage 1: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 2

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 41.8875 tons/year VOC

83775 lb/year VOC

(Aviation Gasoline Distribution - Stage I)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.26 0.25 300

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 41.8875 * / /

0.14521DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage 1 emissions that take place when aviation gasoline is delivered to airport fueling stations.

Stage 1 Airport Refueling, Gasoline

2011 county level Stage I aviation gasoline distribution emission estimates that were calculated by the EPA were downloaded from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly

into the Virginia state inventory.
(43638000Gal)(128832.621768LTOs)(0.0136lb / gal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(LTOsGal)

(Regional Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Regional Activity Level)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2501080100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage

SCC_L3: Airports : Aviation Gasoline

SCC_L4: Stage 2: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 2.17351 tons/year VOC

4347.02835 lb/year VOC

(AvGas)(LTOs)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(LTOs)

0.26 0.25 300

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 2.17351 * / /

0.0075348DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Gas Stations

This non-point source emission inventory category covers the Stage II emissions that take place when aircraft are fueled with gasoline.

Stage II Airport Refueling, Gasoline

VDEQ apportioned state total aviation gasoline consumption data to a county level based on aircraft LTO activity data and then applied the appropriate emission factor.
(5495997kgal)(1144257Gas Sales ($1,000))(1.25gallons transported per gallon taxed)(0.04895lb/kgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(14237780Gas Sales ($1,000))

(State Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Fips Activity Level_Total)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2505030120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport

SCC_L3: Truck

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 13.51327 tons/year VOC

27026.54376 lb/year VOC

(StMotorFuelTaxed)(CoGasSales)(TTIT_FuelTransported)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(StGasSales)

0.262525702 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 13.51327 * / /

0.0454818DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions that result from the venting of internal vapor pressure of on-board gasoline storage tanks of tank trucks while in transit.

Tank Trucks in Transit

VDEQ apportioned state total fuel consumption data to a county level based on county level sales tax data obtained from Va Division of Motor Vehicles and then applied the appropriate emission

factor.
(191688239lbs VOC)(404750Thousand Barrels)(42.6938775510204Employees)(1LB / LB VOC)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1139500thousand barrels)(EmployeesThousand Barrels)

(National Acttivity Level)(Regional Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Regional Activity Level)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2505040120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport

SCC_L3: Pipeline

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1

County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 90.37255 tons/year VOC

180745.10057 lb/year VOC

(National Pipeline VOC Emissions)(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 90.37255 * / /

0.2896556DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from gasoline pipelines.

Pipeline Emissions

VDEQ apportioned national pipeline emission data to a county level and then applied the appropriate emission factor.
(191688239lbs VOC)(404750Thousand Barrels)(42.6938775510204Employees)(1LB / LB VOC)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(1139500thousand barrels)(EmployeesThousand Barrels)

(National Acttivity Level)(Regional Activity Level)(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(State Activity Level Total)(Regional Activity Level)

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2505040120 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Storage and Transport

SCC_L2: Petroleum and Petroleum Product Transport

SCC_L3: Pipeline

SCC_L4: Gasoline

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 90.37255 tons/year VOC

180745.10057 lb/year VOC

(National Pipeline VOC Emissions)(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

(Gasoline Moved By Pipeline)(NAICS Emp - Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals)

0.25 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 90.37255 * / /

0.2896556DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Storage & Transport

Tier 2 Description: Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from gasoline pipelines.

Pipeline Emissions

VDEQ apportioned national pipeline emission data to a county level and then applied the appropriate emission factor.
(1063957People)(0.054tons per capita)(5.94lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2601020000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery

SCC_L2: On-site Incineration

SCC_L3: Commercial/Institutional

SCC_L4: Total

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 170.63743 tons/year VOC

341274.85061 lb/year VOC

(CoPop)(INCINI_CI)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 170.63743 * / /

0.4674998DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Waste Disposal & Recycling

Tier 2 Description: Incineration

Tier 3 Description: Commercial/Institutional

EPA_SECTOR: Waste Disposal

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from on-site commercial and institutional waste disposal incineration.

On-site Incineration, Commercial/Institutional

Virginia DEQ estimated 2011 emissions for this category based on 2011 county level employment data, a per person activity factor of 0.054 tons per person an appropriate emission factor.
(184.66138197Million Gallons)(21.44986lb/Mgal)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2640000000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery

SCC_L2: TSDFs

SCC_L3: All TSDF Types

SCC_L4: Total: All Processes

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.98048 tons/year VOC

3960.96072 lb/year VOC

(IndustrialWastewaterTreated)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.98048 * / /

0.005426DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Waste Disposal & Recycling

Tier 2 Description: TSDF

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Waste Disposal

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from industrial wastewater treatment plants.

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants, IWW

Virginia DEQ estimated 2011 industrial wastewater treatment emissions based on volume of industrial wastewater treated per county multiplied by an appropriate emission factor.
(1810703.7037037lbs)(0.000001n/a)(176ppmw)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(ActCF)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2660000000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery

SCC_L2: Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

SCC_L3: Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

SCC_L4: Total: All Storage Types

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 13

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.15934 tons/year VOC

318.68385 lb/year VOC

(UST Soil Remediated)(ppm to ppp)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.15934 * / /

0.0004366DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Waste Disposal & Recycling

Tier 2 Description: Other

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Waste Disposal

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from the remediation of leaking underground storage tanks.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Virginia estimated emissions from remediation of leaking underground storage tanks by estimating the volume of soil remediated during the leaking tank removals multiplied by an appropriate

emission factor.
(2159.23Acres)(18.20515lb/acre)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2801500000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Agriculture Production - Crops - as nonpoint

SCC_L3: Agricultural Field Burning - whole field set on fire

SCC_L4: Unspecified crop type and Burn Method

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 19.65455 tons/year VOC

39309.0991 lb/year VOC

(Agricultural Land Burned)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 19.65455 * / /

0.0538481DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Agricultural Fires

EPA_SECTOR: Fires - Agricultural Field Burning

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions from agricultural burning which generally involves the burning off of whole fields which are set on fire to clear residual

plant matter in preparation for the next crop.

Agricultural Burning

Virginia estimated emissions from agricultural land burning based on the estimate annual agricultural land burned per county multiplied by an appropriate emission factor.
(1year)(26277.22lb/yr)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2810001000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion

SCC_L3: Forest Wildfires

SCC_L4: Wildfires

Pollutant: voc

FIPs Code 51107

Scenario: 1

County Loudoun County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 13.13861 tons/year voc

26277.22461 lb/year voc

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 13.13861 * / /

0.0359962DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day voc

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Forest Wildfires

EPA_SECTOR: Fires - Wildfires

Emissions from each wildfire 'event' taking place in Virginia are estimated on an individual fire by fire basis.

Forest Wildfires

2011 county level wildfire emissions that were estimated by the EPA were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state inventory.
(215Fires)(1.15tons/fire)(11lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2810030000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion

SCC_L3: Structure Fires

SCC_L4: Unspecified

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 1.35987 tons/year VOC

2719.75 lb/year VOC

(StructuralFires)(StructuralFires)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.2 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 1.35987 * / /

0.0029805DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Structural Fires

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates emissions resulting from structural fires.

Structural Fires

VDEQ staff obtained the number of structural fires that occurred in each county in 2011 and applied a per fire fuel burned factor of 1.15 tons/fire multiplied by an appropriate emission factor to

estimate structural fire emissions.
(3041Bodies)(0.084265929tons per body)(8.333334E-02lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(FuelLoadingFactor)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2810060100 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion

SCC_L3: Cremation

SCC_L4: Humans

Pollutant: VOC

FIPs Code 51059

Scenario: 1

County Fairfax County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 0.01068 tons/year VOC

21.35439 lb/year VOC

(Bodies Cremated)(Human Cremation)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.3 0.25 312

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 0.01068 * / /

0.0000411DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day VOC

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Other

EPA_SECTOR: Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates emissions resulting from human cremation.

Human Cremation

VDEQ estimated emissions for this category by multiplying the number of human bodies cremated per county in 2011 by an average weight of 0.0842 tons per body times an appropriate emission

factor.
(1year)(1092067lb/ton)(1)(1-(0 * 0 * 0))

(Fips Activity Level)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

EMISSION CALCULATION:

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

2811015000 Inventory Year: 2011

SCC_L1: Miscellaneous Area Sources

SCC_L2: Other Combustion - as Event

SCC_L3: Prescribed Forest Burning

SCC_L4: Unspecified Burn Method

Pollutant: voc

FIPs Code 51153

Scenario: 1

County Prince William County

ANNUAL EMISSIONS =

ANNUAL EMISSIONS = 546.03369 tons/year voc

1092067.375 lb/year voc

(ActualEmissions)(EF)(Reactivity)(1-(CE * RP * RE))

0.25 0.25 365

DAILY EMISSIONS = ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/yr) * Seasonal Adjustment Factor/Peak Ozone Season / Days per Period

DAILY EMISSIONS = 546.03369 * / /

1.4959827DAILY EMISSIONS = tons/day voc

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 2011 Area and Nonroad Sample Calculations

rev:062714a

Tier 1 Description: Miscellaneous

Tier 2 Description: Other Combustion

Tier 3 Description: Prescribed Burning

EPA_SECTOR: Fires - Prescribed Fires

This non-point source emission inventory category estimates the emissions resulting from prescribed burning.

Prescribed Burning

2011 county level prescribed burning emissions that were estimated by the EPA were obtained directly from the EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory and entered directly into the Virginia state

inventory.
Emissions Inventory Documentation 

for the District of Columbia:

2011 Area Source Methodologies

February 2014

Prepared by:

Monitoring and Assessment Branch

Air Quality Division

District Department of the Environment

1200 First Street NE, Fifth Floor

Washington, DC 20002
Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: ANNUAL EMISSIONS ESTIMATES.........................................................................................................1

1.0 Fuel Use Emissions........................................................................................................................1

1.1 Coal ...........................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Natural Gas................................................................................................................................1

1.3 Distillate Oil...............................................................................................................................1

1.4 Kerosene ...................................................................................................................................1

1.5 Residual Oil................................................................................................................................1

1.6 Liquified Petroleum Gas............................................................................................................1

1.7 Residential Wood Combustion .................................................................................................2

2.0 Petroleum Losses; Transport of Fuels...........................................................................................2

2.1 Railroads....................................................................................................................................2

2.2 Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs)................................................................................................2

2.3 Stage I & II .................................................................................................................................3

2.4 Aviation Gas..............................................................................................................................3

2.5 Marine Gas................................................................................................................................3

3.0 Emissions from Solvents ...............................................................................................................4

3.1 Architectural Surface Coatings..................................................................................................4

3.2 Auto Refinishing........................................................................................................................4

3.3 Traffic Markings ........................................................................................................................4

3.4 Surface Coatings........................................................................................................................4

3.5 Cold Cleaning ............................................................................................................................5

3.6 Dry Cleaners..............................................................................................................................5

3.7 Graphic Arts ..............................................................................................................................5

3.8 Commercial/Consumer Solvents...............................................................................................6

3.9 Asphalt Paving...........................................................................................................................6

3.10 Pesticides and Fertilizers...........................................................................................................6

4.0 Waste & Miscellaneous.................................................................................................................7

4.1 Road Dust..................................................................................................................................7

4.2 Commercial Cooking .................................................................................................................7

4.3 Construction Dust .....................................................................................................................8

4.4 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs).............................................................................8
4.5 Fires...........................................................................................................................................8

5.0 Marine, Air, Rail (MAR) .................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 2: OZONE SEASON DAY EMISSIONS ........................................................................................................9
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 1

CHAPTER 1: ANNUAL EMISSIONS ESTIMATES

1.0 Fuel Use Emissions

1.1 Coal

(The District assumes the use of 100% bituminous/subbituminous coal)

Residential, 2104002000

Commercial/institutional, 2103002000

Industrial, 2102002000 

1.2 Natural Gas

Residential, 2104006000

Commercial/institutional, 2103006000

Industrial, 2102006000

1.3 Distillate Oil 

Residential, 2104004000

Commercial/institutional, 2103004000

Industrial, 2102004000

1.4 Kerosene

Commercial/institutional, 2103011000

Industrial, 2102011000

1.5 Residual Oil

Commercial/institutional, 2103005000

Industrial, 2102005000

1.6 Liquified Petroleum Gas

Residential, 2104007000

Commercial/institutional, 2103007000

Industrial, 2102007000

For Sections 1.1 to 1.6 – Calculation:

(fuel use in the District)*(emission factor per pollutant) = emissions;

(emissions for all sources) minus (point source estimate to avoid doublecounting) = area source estimate

For Sections 1.1 to 1.6 – Data Sources:

o Fuel use: Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy Data System 

(SEDS): found at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/

o Emission factors: As determined by the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory 

Committee (ERTAC), found at 
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 2

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2011inventory.html (“Nonpoint Emissions 

Tools and Methods”) or at ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2011nei/doc/

1.7 Residential Wood Combustion

The District adopted EPA’s estimates using a revised RWC emissions estimation tool.

2.0 Petroleum Losses; Transport of Fuels

2.1 Railroads

Line haul locomotives, Class I operations (CSX), 2285002006

Line haul locomotives, Passenger trains (Amtrak), 2285002008

Line haul locomotives, Commuter lines (MARC, VRE), 2285002009

Yard locomotives (“switchers”), 2285002010

Calculation:

(fuel use)*(emission factor per pollutant) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Fuel use: Estimates are provided by CSX, Amtrak, MARC, and VRE. Generally, 

they are based on the number of trips per train per day, mileage of tracks within 

the District, approximation of gallons per mile, and the number of days the trains 

run per year. 

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

o For VOCs instead of an emission factor, a HC-to-VOC conversion factor is 

used

2.2 Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs)

Residential

Permeation, 2501011011

Evaporation (includes diurnal losses), 2501011012

Spilling during transport, 2501011013

Refilling at the pump (vapor displacement), 2501011014

Refilling at the pump (spillage), 2501011015

Commercial

Permeation, 2501012011

Evaporation (includes diurnal losses), 2501012012

Spilling during transport, 2501012013

Refilling at the pump (vapor displacement), 2501012014

Refilling at the pump (spillage), 2501012015

The District adopted EPA’s estimates using the NONROAD2008a model, which accounts 

for VOC controls and benzene standards.
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 3

2.3 Stage I & II

Bulk terminals, 2501050120 – This category was not calculated because 

there are no petroleum bulk terminals (NAICS 42471) in the District

Bulk plants, 2501055120 – This category was not calculated because there are no 

petroleum bulk stations (NAICS 42471) in the District

Gasoline refueling (Stage II), 2501060100 

Gasoline service station unloading (balanced submerged), 2501060053

Gasoline distribution, underground storage tank (breathing and emptying), 

2501060201

Tank trucks in transit, 2505030120

Calculation:

(total gallons sold annually)*(emission factor)*(conversion factor or rule 

effectiveness, as appropriate) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Gallons sold annually: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway 

Administration, “Monthly Motor Fuel Reported by States” (January 2012), found 

at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/quickfinddata/qffuel.cfm

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC 

o Conversion factor (for Stage II only): 0.002205 grams per pound

o Rule effectiveness (for balanced submerged Stage I only): According to the 

Maryland Department of the Environment, there was a study that determined 

the rule effectiveness factor for vapor balance controls was 91 percent (plus 

emissions for the 9 percent)

2.4 Aviation Gas

Stage I, 2501080050

Stage II, 2501080100

Underground tank breathing/emptying, 2501080201

Calculation:

(fuel consumed)*(unit conversion factor)*(emission factor per SCC) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Fuel use: Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy Data System 

(SEDS): found at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/

o Presumption is that jet fuel estimates represent heliport activity 

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

2.5 Marine Gas

2505020000 – This category was not calculated for the District because there are no 

ships or barges that transport petroleum liquids in or near the District. 
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 4

3.0 Emissions from Solvents

3.1 Architectural Surface Coatings

Solvent-based + water-based, 2401001000

Calculation:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at 

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District, 

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)

3.2 Auto Refinishing

All processes, 2401005000

The District adopted EPA’s estimates based on 2010 County Business Practices 

estimates.

3.3 Traffic Markings

2401008000

Calculation:

(# road miles paved)*(emission factor per road mile) = emissions

Data Source:

o Road miles paved: District Department of Transportation

o Emission factor: As determined by ERTAC

3.4 Surface Coatings

Industrial maintenance, 2401100000

Other special purpose coatings, 2401200000

Calculations:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at 

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District, 

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 5

The District adopted EPA estimates for:

Wood furniture and fixtures, 2401020000

Miscellaneous manufacturing, 2401090000

Aircraft coatings, 2401075000

EPA assumed that no activity occurs in the District for:

Finished woods, 2401015000

Paper, foil and film, 2401030000

Metal cans, 2401040000

Miscellaneous finished metals, 2401050000

Large appliances, 2401060000

Electronic and electric coatings, 2401065000

Motor vehicles, 2401070000

Other transportation, 2401990000

Railroad coatings, 2401085000

Marine manufacturing, 2401080000

Metal furniture, 2401025000

Metal sheet, strip and coil, 2401045000

Machinery and equipment, 2401055000

3.5 Cold Cleaning

Degreasing, 2415000000

The District adopted EPA’s estimates based on county employment adjustments.

3.6 Dry Cleaners

All processes, 2420000000

Calculations:

(# employees)*(emission factor) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Employee estimates: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 

“Occupational Employment Statistics”, found at 

http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_dc.htm

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

3.7 Graphic Arts

All processes, 2425000000

Calculation:

(# employees)*(emission factor) = emissions;
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 6

(emissions for all sources) minus (point source estimate to avoid doublecounting) = area source estimate

Data Sources:

o Employee estimates: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 

“Occupational Employment Statistics”, found at 

http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_dc.htm

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

3.8 Commercial/Consumer Solvents

Personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries), 2460100000

Household cleaning products, 2460200000

Auto aftermarket, 2460400000

Coatings and related products, 2460500000

Adhesives and sealants, 2460600000

FIFRA-regulated products, 2460800000

Miscellaneous products (not otherwise covered), 2460900000

Calculations:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at 

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District, 

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)

3.9 Asphalt Paving

Cutback asphalt, 2461021000 – The District assumes that the ban on cutback 

asphalt during ozone season except for roofing (20 DCMR § 709) means 

that little if any is used, so does not estimate emissions for this category

Emulsified asphalt, 2461022000

The District adopted EPA’s estimates based on data from a 2008 Asphalt Usage Study, 

purchased by EPA from the Asphalt Institute.

3.10 Pesticides and Fertilizers

Application, 2461800000

Calculation:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 7

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at 

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District, 

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC (based on 2007 Freedonia data)

4.0 Waste & Miscellaneous

The District believes there is no activity in the District for the following categories:

Open burning, 2610000100, 2610000400, 2610030000, 2830000000

Cremation, 2810060100, 2810060200

EPA/ERTAC no longer estimates emissions for the following categories due to resource 

constraints:

Dental preparation and use, 2850001000

General laboratory activities, 2851001000

Lamp breakage/recycling, 2861000000, 2861000010

Swimming pools, 2862000000

(Not since before 2007): Bakeries, Breweries, Composting, Incineration, LUSTs, 

MSWLs

4.1 Road Dust

Paved roads, 2294000000

Unpaved roads, 2296000000

The District adopted EPA’s estimates based on VMT and precipitation.

4.2 Commercial Cooking

Conveyorized charbroiling, 2302002100

Under-fired charbroiling, 2302002200

Deep fat frying, 2302003000

Flat griddle frying, 2302003100

Clamshell griddle frying, 2302003200

Calculation:

(# people living in the District)*(emission factor per person) = emissions

Data Sources:

o District population: The latest MWCOG Cooperative Forecast, found at 

http://www.mwcog.org/publications/departmental.asp?CLASSIFICATION_ID=6&

SUBCLASSIFICATION_ID=27; and/or US Census Bureau QuickFacts for the District, 

found at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 8

4.3 Construction Dust

General building construction (residential), 2311010000

Heavy construction (non-residential), 2311020000

Road construction, 2311030000

The District adopted EPA’s estimates.

4.4 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)

Wastewater, 2630020000

Calculation:

(adjusted DC flow rate)*(emission factor) = emissions

Data Sources:

o Adjusted DC flow rate: District of Columbia’s Climate Action Plan data

o Emission factor: As determined by EPA

4.5 Fires

Structure fires (accidental), 2810030000

Structure fires (fire fighter training), 2810035000

Vehicle fires, 2810050000

Calculation:

(# of fires)*(fuel loading factor)*(emission factors) = emissions

Data Sources:

o # of fires: District of Columbia’s Fire and EMS Department (DCFEMS)

o Fuel loading factor: EIIP (2000, 2001)

o Emission factors: As determined by ERTAC

5.0 Marine, Air, Rail (MAR)

The District has no large ocean-bearing marine vessels that go through ports (“marine”) 

and no airports (“air”). Section 2.1 of this document discusses rail emissions (“rail”).

o Any EPA commercial marine vessel (CMV) estimates would be part of the 

following SCCs: 2280002200 and 2280003200

o Any EPA airport estimates would be part of the following SCCs: 2275087000 

(point) as well as 2275050011 and 227505012 (nonpoint)
2011 Area Source Methodologies

Page 9

CHAPTER 2: OZONE SEASON DAY EMISSIONS

Ozone season day emissions were estimated for CO, NOx, and VOCs based on the following 

equation:

typical ozone season daily emissions =

(annual tons/yr)(2000 lb/ton)(SAF/peak ozone season as % of yr)

divided by 

operating schedule as in (days/week)(weeks/year)

Seasonal adjustment factors (SAFs) for 2011 were developed and shared by the Maryland 

Department of the Environment (MDE). For SCCs where there was no SAF, an SAF was 

developed based on other MDE SAFs.
Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10-FIL

PM2.5-

FIL

PMCON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

2102002000 industrial coal 5 12 1.4 0.04 0.03 11 38 0.05 lb/ton

2102004000 industrial distillate oil 5 1 0.25 1.3 0.8 20 142 0.2 lb/million gal.

2102005000 industrial residual oil 5 10.68 6.96 1.5 0.8 55 157 0.28 lb/million gal.

2102006000 industrial NG 84 0.13 0.11 0.32 3.2 100 0.6 5.5

lb/million cu. 

Ft.

2102007000 industrial LPG 11.95 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 9.49 0.06 0.52 lb/Kgal

2102011000 industrial kerosene 4.82 0.96 0.24 1.25 0.77 19.29 137 0.19 lb/million gal.

2103002000 comm/inst coal 5 12 1.4 0.04 0.03 11 38 0.05 lb/ton

2103004000 comm/inst distillate oil 5 1.08 0.83 1.3 0.8 20 142 0.34 lb/million gal.

2103005000 comm/inst residual oil 5 10.68 6.96 1.5 0.8 55 353.25 1.13 lb/million gal.

2103006000 comm/inst NG 84 0.2 0.11 0.32 3.2 100 0.6 5.5

lb/million cu. 

Ft.

2103007000 comm/inst LPG 11.95 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 9.49 0.06 0.52 lb/Kgal

2103011000 comm/inst kerosene 4.8 1.04 0.8 1.3 0.8 19.3 142 0.672 lb/million gal.

2104002000 residential coal 275 6.24 3.84 0.04 2 9.1 31 10 lb/ton

2104004000 residential distillate oil 5 1.08 0.83 1.3 1 18 142 0.71 lb/million gal.

2104006000 residential NG 40 0.2 0.11 0.32 20 94 0.6 5.5

lb/million cu. 

Ft.

2104007000 residential LPG 3.8 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 13.4 0.06 0.52 lb/Kgal

(many) RWC (2104008100 to 2104009000) - - - - - - - -

2285002006 railroads, line haul, class I (CSX) 0.0587

0.0097 

(PRI)

0.97 

(PRI) - - 0.3285 0.0041 0.0170 (HC) lb/gal

2285002008

railroads, line haul, passenger 

(Amtrak) 0.0587

0.0099 

(PRI)

0.97 

(PRI) - - 0.3682 0.0041 0.0179 (HC) lb/gal

2285002009

railroads, line haul, commuter 

(MARC, VRE) 0.0587

0.0099 

(PRI)

0.97 

(PRI) - - 0.3682 0.0041 0.0179 (HC) lb/gal

2285002010 railroads, yard locomotives 0.0894

0.0121 

(PRI)

0.97 

(PRI) - - 0.5044 0.036 0.0506 (HC) lb/gal

2294000000 road dust, paved - - - - - - - -

2296000000 road dust, unpaved - - - - - - - -
Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10-FIL

PM2.5-

FIL

PMCON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

2302002100

comm cooking - conveyorized 

charbroiling 0.0424 0.00016 0.00016 0.0496 - - - 0.0121 lb/person

2302002200

comm cooking - underfired 

charbroiling 0.135 0.001 0.001 0.3517 - - - 0.0415 lb/person

2302003000 comm cooking - deep fat frying - - - - - - - 0.0126 lb/person

2302003100 comm cooking - flat griddle frying 0.0127 0.0003 0.0002 0.1028 - - - 0.0059 lb/person

2302003200

comm cooking - clamshell griddle 

frying 0 1.98E-05

1.69E056.97E03 - - - 0.0002 lb/person

2311010000 construction - general, residential - - - - - - - -

2311020000 construction - heavy, non-residential - - - - - - - -

2311030000 construction - roads - - - - - - - -

2401001000

surface coatings - architectural 

coatings - - - - - - - 1.88 lb/capita

2401005000 surface coatings - auto refinishing - - - - - - - -

2401008000 surface coatings - traffic markings - - - - - - - 22.1 lb/road miles

2401015000 surface coatings - finished woods - - - - - - - -

2401020000 surface coatings - wood furniture - - - - - - - -

2401025000 surface coatings - metal furniture - - - - - - - -

2401030000 surface coatings - paper, foil, film - - - - - - - -

2401040000 surface coatings - metal cans - - - - - - - -

2401045000

surface coatings - sheet, strip, and 

coil - - - - - - - -

2401050000

surface coatings - misc finished 

metals - - - - - - - -

2401055000

surface coatings - machinery and 

equipment - - - - - - - -

2401060000 surface coatings - large appliances - - - - - - - -

2401065000

surface coatings -

electronics/electrical - - - - - - - -

2401070000 surface coatings - motor vehicles - - - - - - - -
Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10-FIL

PM2.5-

FIL

PMCON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

2401075000 surface coatings - aircraft - - - - - - - -

2401080000

surface coatings - marine 

manufacturing - - - - - - - -

2401085000 surface coatings - railroads - - - - - - - -

2401090000

surface coatings - misc. 

manufacturing - - - - - - - -

2401100000

surface coatings - ind. maintenance 

coatings - - - - - - - 0.15 lb/person

2401200000

surface coatings - other special 

purpose ctngs - - - - - - - 0.064 lb/person

2415000000 solvent degreasing (cold cleaning) - - - - - - - -

2420000000 dry cleaning - - - - - - - 10 lb/employee

2425000000 graphic arts - - - - - - - 201 lb/employee

2460100000 cc products, cosmetics and toiletries - - - - - - - 1.9 lb/person

2460200000 cc products, household - - - - - - - 1.8 lb/person

2460400000 cc products, auto aftermarket - - - - - - - 1.36 lb/person

2460500000

cc products, coatings and related 

products - - - - - - - 0.95 lb/person

2460600000 cc products, adhesives and sealants - - - - - - - 0.57 lb/person

2460800000 cc products, FIFRA - - - - - - - 1.78 lb/person

2460900000 cc products, misc. - - - - - - - 0.07 lb/person

2461022000 emulsified asphalt - - - - - - - -

2461800000 ag chemicals - pesticides - - - - - - - 0.299 lb/person

2501011011 pfcs residential, permeation - - - - - - - -

2501011012

pfcs residential, evap (incl. diurnal 

losses) - - - - - - - -

2501011013

pfcs residential, spilling during 

transport - - - - - - - -

2501011014

pfcs residential, refilling, vapor 

displacement - - - - - - - -
Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10-FIL

PM2.5-

FIL

PMCON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

2501011015 pfcs residential, refilling, spillage - - - - - - - -

2501012011 pfcs commercial, permeation - - - - - - - -

2501012012

pfcs commercial, evap (incl. diurnal 

losses) - - - - - - - -

2501012013

pfcs commercial, spilling during 

transport - - - - - - - -

2501012014

pfcs commercial, refilling, vapor 

displacement - - - - - - - -

2501012015 pfcs commercial, refilling, spillage - - - - - - - -

2501050120

gas distrib., stage I, bulk terminals, 

evap losses - - - - - - - -

2501055120

gas distrib., stage I, bulk plants, evap 

losses - - - - - - - -

2250160051

gas distrib., st I, unloading 

submerged filling - - - - - - - -

2250160052

gas distrib., st I, unloading splash 

filling - - - - - - - -

2501060053

gas distrib., st I, unldng blncd 

submerged - - - - - - -

0.0003, 

0.0073 lb/gallon

2501060100

gas distrib., stage II, refueling at gas 

service stations - - - - - - - 1.716 g/gallon

2501060201

gas distrib., stage I, underground 

tanks, breathing and emptying - - - - - - - 1 lb/Kgal

2501080050 aviation gas, stage I - - - - - - - 19.3 lb/Kgal

2501080100 aviation gas, stage II - - - - - - - 0.0136 lb/gal

2501080201

aviation gas, underground tank 

breathing/emptying - - - - - - - 5.3 lb/Kgal

2505030120

gas distribution, stage I, trucks (in 

transit) - - - - - - - 0.06 lb/Kgal

2505040120 gas distribution, pipeline - - - - - - - -
Appendix A: Area Source Emission Factors used by the District in 2011

SCC Source Category CO PM10-FIL

PM2.5-

FIL

PMCON NH3 NOx SO2 VOC units

2610000100 open burning, yard leaves - - - - - - - -

2610000400 open burning, yard brush - - - - - - - -

2610000500 open burning, land clearing - - - - - - - -

2610030000 open burning, household waste - - - - - - - -

2630020000 POTWs - - - - - - - 0.44 lb/million gal.

2810015000 fires - prescribed - - - - - - - -

2810030000 fires - structure, accidential 60 10.8 - - - 1.4 - 11 lb/ton

2810035000 fires - structure, training 60 10.8 - - - 1.4 - 11 lb/ton

2810050000 fires - vehicles 100 100 - - 4 - 32 lb/ton

2810060100 cremation, human - - - - - - - -

2810060200 cremation, animal - - - - - - - -

2850001000 (misc mercury sectors) - - - - - - - -

2851001000 (misc mercury sectors) - - - - - - - -

2861000000 (misc mercury sectors) - - - - - - - -

2861000010 (misc mercury sectors) - - - - - - - -