14064 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices 

based on the morphology of one tooth, 

as well as the associated funerary 

objects and the archeological context. 

29LE1 has been identified as Jornada 

Mogollon. The human remains and 

associated funerary objects were found 

in the museum collection on November 

6, 2007, during an inventory/ 

computerization project. 

In 1960, human remains representing 

a minimum of one individual were 

removed from 29OT3 (Hatchet Site), 

Tularosa Basin, Otero County, NM, by 

Eugene McCluney. No known 

individual was identified. No associated 

funerary objects are present. 

The remains are Native American 

based on the archeological site context. 

29OT3 has been identified as Jornada 

Mogollon. McCluney excavated the 

remains as a part of his graduate work 

at the University of Colorado. The 

remains were transferred to the museum 

in 1960. 

Determinations Made by the University 

of Colorado Museum 

Officials of the University of Colorado 

Museum have determined that: 

• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), a 

relationship of shared group identity 

cannot be reasonably traced between the 

Native American human remains and 

associated funerary objects and any 

present-day Indian tribe. 

• According to Indian Land Claims 

Commission decisions, as well as oral 

tradition, Catron, Grant, Lea, and Otero 

Counties, NM, are within the aboriginal 

land of the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of 

Oklahoma and the Mescalero Apache 

Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New 

Mexico. 

• Based on oral tradition, Catron, 

Grant, Lea, and Otero Counties, NM, are 

within the aboriginal land of the Hopi 

Tribe of Arizona; Pueblo of Acoma, New 

Mexico; Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; 

Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico; White 

Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort 

Apache Reservation, Arizona; and Zuni 

Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New 

Mexico. 

• Based on oral tradition of the San 

Carlos Apache of the San Carlos 

Reservation, Arizona, Catron, Grant, 

Lea, and Otero Counties, NM, were 

aboriginal gathering places for them, but 

these counties are the aboriginal land of 

the Chiricahua (Fort Sill Apache Tribe 

of Oklahoma and the Mescalero Apache 

Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New 

Mexico). 

• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the 

human remains described above 

represent the physical remains of five 

individuals of Native American 

ancestry. 

• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), 

the six objects described above are 

reasonably believed to have been placed 

with or near individual human remains 

at the time of death or later as part of 

the death rite or ceremony. 

• Pursuant to 43 CFR 10.11(c)(1), the 

disposition of the human remains and 

associated funerary objects is to the 

Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico. 

Additional Requestors and Disposition 

Representatives of any Indian tribe 

that believes itself to be culturally 

affiliated with the human remains and 

associated funerary objects or any other 

Indian tribe that believes it satisfies the 

criteria in 43 CFR 10.11(c)(1) should 

contact Steve Lekson, Curator of 

Anthropology, University of Colorado 

Museum, in care of Jan Bernstein, 

NAGPRA Consultant, Bernstein & 

Associates, 1041 Lafayette St., Denver, 

CO 80218, telephone (303) 894–0648, 

before April 14, 2011. Disposition of the 

human remains and associated funerary 

objects to the Pueblo of Acoma, New 

Mexico, may proceed after that date if 

no additional claimants come forward. 

The University of Colorado Museum 

is responsible for notifying the Fort Sill 

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma; Hopi Tribe 

of Arizona; Mescalero Apache Tribe of 

the Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico; 

Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo 

of Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo of Zia, 

New Mexico; San Carlos Apache of the 

San Carlos Reservation, Arizona; White 

Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort 

Apache Reservation, Arizona; and Zuni 

Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New 

Mexico, that this notice has been 

published. 

Dated: March 9, 2011. 

Sherry Hutt, 

Manager, National NAGPRA Program. 

[FR Doc. 2011–5853 Filed 3–14–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4312–50–P 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

National Park Service 

[2253–665] 

Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. 

Department of the Interior, Bureau of 

Indian Affairs, Washington, DC and 

Arizona State Museum, University of 

Arizona, Tucson, AZ 

AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. 

ACTION: Notice. 

Notice is here given in accordance 

with the Native American Graves 

Protection and Repatriation Act 

(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the 

completion of an inventory of human 

remains and associated funerary objects 

in the control of the U.S. Department of 

the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 

Washington, DC, and in the physical 

custody of the Arizona State Museum, 

University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. The 

human remains and associated funerary 

objects were removed from sites within 

the boundaries of the Fort Apache 

Indian Reservation, Gila and Navajo 

Counties, AZ. 

This notice is published as part of the 

National Park Service’s administrative 

responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 

U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in 

this notice are the sole responsibility of 

the museum, institution, or Federal 

agency that has control of the Native 

American human remains and 

associated funerary objects. The 

National Park Service is not responsible 

for the determinations in this notice. 

A detailed assessment of the human 

remains was made by Arizona State 

Museum professional staff in 

consultation with representatives of the 

Hopi Tribe of Arizona; White Mountain 

Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache 

Reservation, Arizona; and the Zuni 

Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New 

Mexico (hereinafter referred to as ‘‘The 

Tribes’’). 

In 1979, fragmentary human remains 

representing a minimum of 18 

individuals were removed from the 

Hilltop Ruin Site, AZ P:14:12(ASM), 

Navajo County, AZ, during a legally 

authorized survey conducted by the 

University of Arizona Archaeological 

Field School under the direction of 

Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by 

Hinkes describes the presence of at least 

45 unauthorized excavation pits at this 

site. The human remains were collected 

from these pits or adjacent backdirt 

piles. There is no record in Arizona 

State Museum files regarding the 

accession of these human remains. 

However, the collection likely entered 

the museum in the same year as other 

collections from the summer field 

school. No known individuals were 

identified. No associated funerary 

objects are present. 

The Hilltop Ruin is a pueblo site of 

75 to 100 rooms. The ceramic types 

indicate that the village was occupied 

during the period A.D. 1300 to 1400. 

These characteristics are consistent with 

the archeologically described Upland 

Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo 

traditions. 

In 1979, fragmentary human remains 

representing a minimum of 106 

individuals were removed from the 

Brush Mountain Pueblo Site, AZ 

P:14:13(ASM), Navajo County, AZ, 

during a legally authorized survey 

conducted by the University of Arizona 


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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices 14065 

Archaeological Field School under the 

direction of Madeleine Hinkes. A report 

prepared by Hinkes describes the 

presence of 65 unauthorized excavation 

pits at this site. The human remains 

were collected from these pits. 

There is no record in Arizona State 

Museum files regarding the accession of 

these human remains. However, the 

collection likely entered the museum in 

the same year as other collections from 

the summer field school. No known 

individuals were identified. The two 

associated funerary objects are one 

ceramic sherd and one turquoise 

fragment. 

The Brush Mountain Pueblo site 

contains about 150 rooms. The ceramic 

types indicate that the village was 

occupied during the period A.D. 1300 to 

1400. These characteristics are 

consistent with the archeologically 

described Upland Mogollon or 

prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions. 

At an unknown date, human remains 

representing a minimum of eight 

individuals were removed from the 

Martinez Ranch Site, AZ P:14:17(ASM), 

Navajo County, AZ. The site card was 

filed in the summer of 1965, during the 

University of Arizona Archaeological 

Field School, and it is possible that the 

human remains were removed during 

this survey of the site. There is no 

record in Arizona State Museum files 

regarding the accession of these human 

remains, although the label on the box 

in which the human remains were 

found is dated 1983. No known 

individuals were identified. No 

associated funerary objects are present. 

The Martinez Ranch Site contains the 

remains of a building with one to four 

rooms. Ceramics found on the surface 

indicate that the site dates to the 

Puebloan period, approximately A.D. 

900 to 1400. 

During the years 1976 to 1989, legally 

authorized excavations were conducted 

at the site of Chiwodista ́s, AZ 

P:14:24(ASM), Navajo County, AZ, by 

the University of Arizona 

Archaeological Field School under the 

direction of J. Jefferson Reid. No human 

burials were intentionally excavated 

during this project. Archeological 

collections from the site were brought to 

the museum at the end of each field 

season, but no accession number was 

assigned to them. In 2009 and 2010, 

Arizona State Museum staff found 

fragmentary human remains 

representing a minimum of 16 

individuals intermingled with animal 

bone collections from this site. The 

animal bones are not considered to be 

associated funerary objects. No known 

individuals were identified. No 

associated funerary objects are present. 

The Chiwodista ́s site is a small pueblo 

of about 20 rooms arranged around a 

plaza. Based on ceramic styles, the site 

has been dated to the period from A.D. 

1263 to 1295. The ceramic and 

architectural forms are consistent with 

the archeologically described Upland 

Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo 

traditions. 

In 1979, fragmentary human remains 

representing a minimum of seven 

individuals were removed from the 

Pinnacle Site, AZ P:14:71(ASM), Navajo 

County, AZ, during a legally authorized 

survey conducted by the University of 

Arizona Archaeological Field School 

under the direction of Madeleine 

Hinkes. A report prepared by Hinkes 

describes the presence of five 

unauthorized excavation pits at this site. 

The human remains were collected from 

these pits or elsewhere downslope. 

There is no record in Arizona State 

Museum files regarding the accession of 

these human remains. However, the 

collection likely entered the museum in 

the same year as other collections from 

the summer field school. No known 

individuals were identified. No 

associated funerary objects are present. 

The Pinnacle Site contains a pueblo of 

about 10 rooms. It is dated to the period 

from A.D. 1275 to 1400 on the basis of 

the ceramic assemblage. The ceramic 

and architectural forms are consistent 

with the archeologically described 

Upland Mogollon or prehistoric Western 

Pueblo traditions. 

In 1978, legally authorized 

excavations were conducted at site AZ 

P:14:176(ASM), Navajo County, AZ, by 

the University of Arizona 

Archaeological Field School under the 

direction of Brian Byrd. No human 

burials were intentionally excavated 

during this project. Archeological 

collections from the site were brought to 

the museum at the end of each field 

season, but no accession number was 

assigned. In 2009 and 2010, Arizona 

State Museum staff found fragmentary 

human remains representing a 

minimum of two individuals 

intermingled with animal bone 

collections from this site. No known 

individuals were identified. No 

associated funerary objects are present. 

Site AZ P:14:176 is a small pithouse 

site located in the vicinity of 

Chiwodista ́s. Based on the ceramic 

assemblage and architectural forms, the 

site has been dated to the early 

Mogollon period, approximately A.D. 

500 to 1000. These characteristics are 

consistent with the archeologically 

described Upland Mogollon or 

prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions. 

In 1979, fragmentary human remains 

representing a minimum of 74 

individuals were removed from an 

unnamed site, AZ P:14:281(ASM), 

Navajo County, AZ, during a legally 

authorized survey conducted by the 

University of Arizona Archaeological 

Field School under the direction of 

Madeleine Hinkes. A report prepared by 

Hinkes describes the presence of at least 

70 unauthorized excavation pits at this 

site. The human remains were collected 

from these pits or adjacent backdirt 

piles. There is no record in Arizona 

State Museum files regarding the 

accession of these human remains. 

However, the collection likely entered 

the museum in the same year as other 

collections from the summer field 

school. No known individuals were 

identified. The three associated funerary 

objects are two modified animal bones 

and one bone bead. 

Site AZ P:14:281 contains a pueblo of 

about 31 rooms with additional stone 

alignments. Based on the ceramic 

assemblage, the site is dated to the 

period from A.D. 1275 to 1400. The 

ceramic and the architectural forms are 

consistent with the archeologically 

described Upland Mogollon or 

prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions. 

In 1929, human remains representing 

six individuals were removed from 

Canyon Creek Ruin, AZ C:2:8(GP)/AZ 

V:2:1(ASM), Gila County, AZ, during 

legally authorized excavations 

conducted by the Gila Pueblo 

Foundation, under the direction of Emil 

Haury. In 1950, the Gila Pueblo 

Foundation closed and the collections 

were transferred to the Arizona State 

Museum. No known individuals were 

identified. The 69 associated funerary 

objects are 1 basketry artifact, 9 pieces 

of botanical material, 1 piece of cotton 

roving, 2 cradleboards, 1 gourd bottle, 1 

gourd dipper, 2 gourd scoops, 1 hair 

bundle, 3 ceramic bowls, 1 cotton 

manta, 1 basketry bowl, 1 basketry mat, 

7 basketry mat fragments, 1 basketry 

tump strap, 1 reed-grass bundle, 2 

sandals, 1 wood spindle, 2 cotton 

spindle sticks, 27 textile fragments, 1 

torch, 1 yucca fiber apron, 1 yucca fiber 

quid, and 1 lot of yucca fiber yarn. 

In 1979, human remains representing 

a minimum of one individual were 

removed from Canyon Creek Ruin, AZ 

C:2:8(GP)/AZ V:2:1(ASM), Gila County, 

AZ, during a legally authorized survey 

conducted by the University of Arizona 

Archaeological Field School under the 

direction of Madeleine Hinkes. The 

purpose of this project was to survey 

vandalism at Canyon Creek Ruin and 

other sites in the vicinity and to recover 

human remains that had been disturbed 

by unauthorized excavations. No known 

individual was identified. No associated 

funerary objects are present. 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
14066 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices 

Canyon Creek Ruin is a cliff dwelling 

site of approximately 140 rooms. Based 

on ceramic and perishable artifact 

assemblage, the site is dated to A.D. 

1300 to 1400. The ceramic and the 

architectural forms are consistent with 

the archeologically described Upland 

Mogollon or prehistoric Western Pueblo 

traditions. 

In 1980, a collection survey was 

conducted at the Hole Canyon Ruin 

Site, AZ V:2:5(ASM), in Gila County, 

AZ, under the auspices of the University 

of Arizona Archaeological Field School 

under the direction of David Tuggle. No 

human burials were intentionally 

excavated during this project. 

Archeological collections from the site 

were brought to the museum at the end 

of each field season, but no accession 

number was assigned. In 2007, Arizona 

State Museum staff found fragmentary 

human remains representing a 

minimum of one individual 

intermingled with the perishable items 

collections from this site. No known 

individual was identified. No associated 

funerary objects are present. 

Hole Canyon Ruin is a cliff dwelling 

with approximately 19 rooms. Based on 

the ceramic assemblage, the site may be 

dated to the period A.D. 1300 to 1400. 

The ceramic and the architectural forms 

are consistent with the archeologically 

described Upland Mogollon or 

prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions. 

In 1969, human remains representing 

a minimum of two individuals were 

removed from site AZ V:2:12(ASM), 

Gila County, AZ, during legally 

authorized salvage activities conducted 

by the University of Arizona 

Archaeological Field School under the 

direction of David Tuggle. The site had 

previously been extensively vandalized, 

and the objective of the University of 

Arizona archeologists was to recover 

human remains that had been disturbed. 

Archeological collections from the site 

were brought to the museum at the end 

of each field season, but no accession 

number was assigned. No known 

individuals were identified. No 

associated funerary objects are present. 

Site AZ V:2:12 consists of a small 

pueblo of about 10 to 20 rooms and is 

associated with late Puebloan ceramics. 

On this basis, the site may be dated to 

A.D. 1275 to 1400. These characteristics 

are consistent with the archeologically 

described Upland Mogollon or 

prehistoric Western Pueblo traditions. 

A detailed discussion of the basis for 

cultural affiliation of archeological sites 

in the region where the above sites are 

located may be found in ‘‘Cultural 

Affiliation Assessment of White 

Mountain Apache Tribal Lands (Fort 

Apache Indian Reservation)’’, by John R. 

Welch and T.J. Ferguson (2005). To 

summarize, archeologists have used the 

terms Upland Mogollon or prehistoric 

Western Pueblo to define the 

archeological complexes represented by 

the 10 sites listed above. Material 

culture characteristics of these 

traditions include a temporal 

progression from earlier pit houses to 

later masonry pueblos, villages 

organized in room blocks of contiguous 

dwellings associated with plazas, 

rectangular kivas, polished and paintdecorated ceramics, unpainted 

corrugated ceramics, inhumation 

burials, cradleboard cranial 

deformation, grooved stone axes, and 

bone artifacts. The combination of the 

material culture attributes and a 

subsistence pattern, which included 

hunting and gathering augmented by 

maize agriculture, helps to identify an 

earlier group. Archeologists have also 

remarked that there are strong 

similarities between this earlier group 

and present-day tribes included in the 

Western Pueblo ethnographic group, 

especially the Hopi Tribe of Arizona 

and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni 

Reservation, New Mexico. The 

similarities in ceramic traditions, burial 

practices, architectural forms, and 

settlement patterns have led 

archeologists to believe that the 

prehistoric inhabitants of the Mogollon 

Rim region migrated north and west to 

the Hopi mesas, and north and east to 

the Zuni River Valley. Certain objects 

found in Upland Mogollon 

archeological sites have been found to 

have strong resemblances to ritual 

paraphernalia that are used in 

continuing religious practices by the 

Hopi and Zuni. Some petroglyphs on 

the Fort Apache Indian Reservation 

have also persuaded archeologists of 

continuities between the earlier 

identified group and current-day 

Western Pueblo people. Biological 

information from the site of 

Grasshopper Pueblo, which is located in 

close proximity to the ten sites listed 

above, supports the view that the 

prehistoric occupants of the Upland 

Mogollon region had migrated from 

various locations to the north and west 

of the region. 

Hopi and Zuni oral traditions parallel 

the archeological evidence for 

migration. Migration figures 

prominently in Hopi oral tradition, 

which refers to the ancient sites, 

pottery, stone tools, petroglyphs, and 

other artifacts left behind by the 

ancestors as ‘‘Hopi Footprints.’’ This 

migration history is complex and 

detailed, and includes traditions 

relating specific clans to the Mogollon 

region. Hopi cultural advisors have also 

identified medicinal and culinary plants 

at archeological sites in the region. 

Their knowledge about these plants was 

passed down to them from the ancestors 

who inhabited these ancient sites. 

Migration is also an important attribute 

of Zuni oral tradition, and includes 

accounts of Zuni ancestors passing 

through the Upland Mogollon region. 

The ancient villages mark the routes of 

these migrations. Zuni cultural advisors 

remark that the ancient sites were not 

abandoned. People returned to these 

places from time to time, either to 

reoccupy them or for the purpose of 

religious pilgrimages—a practice that 

has continued to the present-day. 

Archeologists have found ceramic 

evidence at shrines in the Upland 

Mogollon region that confirms these 

reports. Zuni cultural advisors have 

names for plants endemic to the 

Mogollon region that do not grow on the 

Zuni Reservation. They also have 

knowledge about traditional medicinal 

and ceremonial uses for these resources, 

which has been passed down to them 

from their ancestors. Furthermore, Hopi 

and Zuni cultural advisors have 

recognized that their ancestors may 

have been co-resident at some of the 

sites in this region during their ancestral 

migrations. 

There are differing points of view 

regarding the possible presence of 

Apache people in the Upland Mogollon 

region during the time that these ancient 

sites were occupied. Some Apache 

traditions describe interactions with 

Ancestral Puebloan people during this 

time, but according to these stories, 

Puebloan people and Apache people 

were regarded as having separate 

identities. The White Mountain Apache 

Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, 

Arizona, does not claim cultural 

affiliation with the human remains and 

associated funerary objects from these 

10 ancestral Upland Mogollon sites. As 

reported by Welch and Ferguson (2005), 

consultations between the White 

Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort 

Apache Reservation, Arizona, and the 

Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & 

Utah; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; 

and Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico, 

have indicated that none of these tribes 

wish to pursue claims of affiliation with 

sites on White Mountain Apache Tribal 

lands. Finally, the White Mountain 

Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache 

Reservation, Arizona, supports the 

repatriation of human remains and 

associated funerary objects from these 

10 ancestral Upland Mogollon sites and 

is ready to assist the Hopi Tribe of 

Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2011 / Notices 14067 

Reservation, New Mexico, in their 

reburial on tribal land. 

Officials of the Bureau of Indian 

Affairs and Arizona State Museum have 

determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 

3001(9), that the human remains 

described above represent the physical 

remains of 241 individuals of Native 

American ancestry. Officials of the 

Bureau of Indian Affairs and Arizona 

State Museum also have determined, 

pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), that 

the 74 objects described above are 

reasonably believed to have been placed 

with or near individual human remains 

at the time of death or later as part of 

the death rite or ceremony. Lastly, 

officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs 

and Arizona State Museum have 

determined, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 

3001(2), that there is a relationship of 

shared group identity that can be 

reasonably traced between the Native 

American human remains and 

associated funerary objects and the Hopi 

Tribe of Arizona and Zuni Tribe of the 

Zuni Reservation, New Mexico. 

Representatives of any other Indian 

tribe that believes itself to be culturally 

affiliated with the human remains and 

associated funerary objects should 

contact John McClelland, NAGPRA 

Coordinator, Arizona State Museum, 

University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 

85721, telephone (520) 626–2950, before 

April 14, 2011. Repatriation of the 

human remains and associated funerary 

objects to the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and 

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New 

Mexico, may proceed after that date if 

no additional claimants come forward. 

The Arizona State Museum is 

responsible for notifying The Tribes that 

this notice has been published. 

Dated: March 9, 2011. 

Sherry Hutt, 

Manager, National NAGPRA Program. 

[FR Doc. 2011–5888 Filed 3–14–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4312–50–P 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

National Park Service 

[2253–665] 

Notice of Inventory Completion: 

University of Massachusetts, 

Department of Anthropology, Amherst, 

MA and Nantucket Historical 

Association, Nantucket, MA 

AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. 

ACTION: Notice. 

Notice is here given in accordance 

with the Native American Graves 

Protection and Repatriation Act 

(NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the 

completion of an inventory of human 

remains and associated funerary object 

in the possession of the University of 

Massachusetts, Department of 

Anthropology, Amherst, MA, and the 

Nantucket Historical Association, 

Nantucket, MA. The human remains 

and associated funerary object were 

removed from the Marshall Site, 

Nantucket County, MA. 

This notice is published as part of the 

National Park Service’s administrative 

responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 

U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in 

this notice are the sole responsibility of 

the museum, institution, or Federal 

agency that has control of the Native 

American human remains and 

associated funerary object. The National 

Park Service is not responsible for the 

determinations in this notice. 

A detailed assessment of the human 

remains was made by University of 

Massachusetts, Department of 

Anthropology, professional staff in 

consultation with representatives of the 

Wampanoag Repatriation Confederation, 

representing the Mashpee Wampanoag 

Tribe, Massachusetts; Wampanoag Tribe 

of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of 

Massachusetts; and the Assonet Band of 

the Wampanoag Nation, Massachusetts, 

a non-Federally recognized Indian 

group. 

In 1966, human remains representing 

a minimum of three individuals were 

removed from the Marshall Site, 

Nantucket, Nantucket County, MA, 

during an archeological field school 

conducted by Professor William 

Harrison of the University of 

Massachusetts. It is believed that the 

two grave shafts were originally one 

multiple interment that was disturbed 

by the repeated digging of shallow fire 

pits. No known individuals were 

identified. The one associated funerary 

object is a pottery vessel. In 1989, the 

vessel was transferred to the Nantucket 

Historical Association for permanent 

curation and is no longer in the control 

of the University of Massachusetts, 

Department of Anthropology, instead it 

is in the control of the Nantucket 

Historical Association. 

Based on excavation records, 

condition of the human remains, the 

associated funerary object and burial 

methods, the individuals have been 

identified as Native American. Material 

culture and site features indicate that 

the Marshall Site was utilized for shortterm, sporadic occupations from the late 

Archaic/early Woodland period into the 

19th century. The human remains most 

likely date to the late Woodland Period 

or later (post-A.D. 1000). 

Ethnohistoric documents, including 

European colonial maps, missionary 

accounts and Wampanoag oral history, 

indicate that the Wampanoag people 

and their allies, through marriage and 

war pacts (e.g. 1675 King Phillip’s War), 

were occupants of Massachusetts and 

Rhode Island at the time of contact and 

European colonization. Wampanoag oral 

history indicates a maintained, longterm occupation of the region to which 

can be traced a common ancestry to a 

‘‘first Mother,’’ predating the 

colonization of the area including the 

Marshall Site. The present-day Indian 

tribes and group that are most closely 

affiliated with members of the 

Wampanoag Nation are the Mashpee 

Wampanoag Tribe, Massachusetts; 

Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head 

(Aquinnah) of Massachusetts; and the 

Assonet Band of the Wampanoag 

Nation, Massachusetts, a non-Federally 

recognized Indian group. 

Officials of the University of 

Massachusetts, Department of 

Anthropology, have determined, 

pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), that the 

human remains described above 

represent the physical remains of three 

individuals of Native American 

ancestry. Officials of the University of 

Massachusetts, Department of 

Anthropology, and Nantucket Historical 

Association also have determined, 

pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), that 

the one object described above is 

reasonably believed to have been placed 

with or near individual human remains 

at the time of death or later as part of 

the death rite or ceremony. Lastly, 

officials of the University of 

Massachusetts, Department of 

Anthropology, and Nantucket Historical 

Association have determined, pursuant 

to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), that there is a 

relationship of shared group identity 

that can be reasonably traced between 

the Native American human remains 

and the associated funerary object and 

the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, 

Massachusetts; Wampanoag Tribe of 

Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts; 

and the Assonet Band of the 

Wampanoag Nation, Massachusetts, a 

non-Federally recognized Indian group. 

Representatives of any other Indian 

tribe that believes itself to be culturally 

affiliated with the human remains 

should contact either Robert Paynter, 

Repatriation Committee Chair, 

telephone (413) 545–2221, or Rae 

Gould, Repatriation Coordinator, 

telephone (413) 545–2702, University of 

Massachusetts, Department of 

Anthropology, 201 Machmer Hall, 240 

Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, and 

any representatives of any other Indian 

tribe that believes itself to be culturally 


srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES