Vital and

Health Statistics

Advance Data

From Vital and

Health Statistics:

Numbers 161–1 70

Series 16:

Compilations of Advance Data

From Vital and Health Statistics

No, 17

Data in this report include provisional data from the National Health Interview

Survey concerning the entire U.S. adult, black, and Hispanic populations’

knowledge of and attitudes about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) awareness, HIV transmission, and prevention of

HIV infection; practice patterns of office-based ophthalmologists over the 12-year

period from March 1985 through February 1986; national estimates of health

characteristics of person 18 years of age and over in the noninstitutionalized

population of the United States who were in the labor force for 1983-85; patterns of

inpatient surgery for 1983-87; and data on the prevalence and coprevalence of

nine common chronic conditions in a national sample of persons 60 years of age

and older and an assessment of the impact of comorbidity, These reports were

originally published in 1988 and 1989,

US. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Maryland

April 1995

DHHS Publlcatlon No. (PHS) 95-1876
Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance data from vital and health

statistics; numbers 161–1 70. National Center for Health Statistics. Vial Health

Stat 16(1 7). 1995.
National Center for Health Statistics

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Director

Jemifer H. Madans, Ph. D., Acting Deputy Director

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph. D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemiology, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Planning and

Extramural Programs

Peter L. Hurley, Associate Director for Vital and Health

Statistics Systems

Robert A. Israel, Associate Director for International

Statistics

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for

Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for Data

Processing and Services

Monroe G. Sirken, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology
AIDS fiowledge and Attitudes for July 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 161

Practice Patterns of the Office-Based Ophthalmologist, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1985 (Rev.) . . . . . No, 162

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes: August 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 163

AIDS Knowledge andAttitudes for September 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.164

AIDS Knowledge andAttitudes ofBlackAmencans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.l&5

AIDS Knowledge andAttitudes of HispanicAmericans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.166

AIDS Knowledge andAttitudes for October and November 1988.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.167

Health Characteristics ofWorkersby occupation and Sex: United States, 1983-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.168

Hospital Inpatient Surgery: United States, 1983-87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.169

Aging in the Eighties: The Prevalence of Comorbidity and Its Association with Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.170

...

Ill
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 161 ● October 11, 1988

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudesfor July 1988

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has included

a special set of supplemental questions on the adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeficiency syndrome’ (AIDS) in the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS). The first AIDS Knowledge and

Attitudes Survey was in the field from August through

December 19S7. Provisional resuks of that survey were

pubiished on a monthly basis in Ad\wnce Data for Vital and

Health Statistics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153). During

the first four months of 198S, the NHIS AIDS questionnaire was revised to meet current program needs for

information about AIDS awareness. The revised AIDS

Knowledge and Awareness Survey entered the field in Nlay

1988. Provisional findings for May and June, the first two

months of data collection with the new questionnaire, were

published in Advance Data for Wtal and Health Statistics,

No. 160. This report presents provisional results for July

1988.

The Ad}’ante Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

data have been restricted to simple descriptive statistics to

facilitate their timely release. Thus, these reports do not

attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS knowledge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes, and

perceived risk. The 1987 and 198S NHIS AIDS data bases

will permit more complex analyses than those presented in

this series of Advance Data reports, and such analyses are

being undertaken by various groups in the Public Health

Service.

The AIDS questionnaires were designed to provide

estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS

transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection. The

data were needed as input for the planning and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for monitoring

major educational efforts, e.g., the series of radio and

television public service announcements entitled “America

Responds to AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding

AIDS: both developed by the Centers for Disease Con(rol.

The 1987 and 19SS AIDS questionnaires were developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and

interagency working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the

Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The

working groups included representatives from the Centers

for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration;

and the Health Resources and Semites Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AfDS information; self-assessed level of AIDS

knowledge; basic facts about the AIDS virus and how it is

transmitted; blood donation experience; awareness of and

experience with the bIood test for the AIDS virus; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures; selfassessed chances of getting the AIDS virus; personal

acquaintance with persons with AIDS or the AIDS virus;

and willimgmessto take part in a proposed national seroprevalence survey. A general risk behavior question, similar to

that asked by the Red Cross of potential blood donors, is

included in the 19SS AIDS questionnaire.

This report presents provisional data for July 19SS!for

most items included in the AIDS questionnaire, including

questions designed to monitor the household mailing of the

AIDS information brochure, coordinated by the Centers

for Disease Control. Table 1 displays percent distributions

of persons 18 years of age and over by response categories

according to age, sex, race, and education. In most cases,

the actual questions asked of the respondents are reproduced verbatim in table 1, along with the coded response

categories. In a few cases, questions or response categories

have been rephrased or combined for clearer or more

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . Public Health Service . Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

concise presentation of results. Refusals and other nonresponse categories are excluded from the denominator in

the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know”

are included.

This report contains few comparisons with data from

the 1987 h3-HS AIDS survey, and those comparisons that

are included must be interpreted with caution. The wording

of some questions was changed slightly, and the context in

which the questions are asked was modified by the addition

of a number of new questions. In addition, the order in

which response categories to certain questions were read to

respondents was changed between 19S7 and 19SS (see

technical notes). Thus, differences obsewed between 1987

and 1988 results may reflect these questionnaire charges as

well as actual changes in AIDS knowledge and attitudes.

Selected findings

The following highlights describe various aspects of

AIDS knowledge and attitudes as observed in the July 1988

data from the hWHS AIDS survey. Based on the measures

included in this survey, AIDS knowledge was maintained in

July at about the same level as in June. Those differences

cited in the text are statistically si-mificant unless otherwise

noted (see table II for approximate standard errors of

estimates).

Sources of AIDS information –In July 1988,86 percent

of all adults in the United States reported having seen

public service announcements abou: AIDS on television; 48

percent stated that they had heard AIDS public service

announcements on the radio. The proportion of persons

who reported having seen or heard such announcements

was higher for persons 18-49 years of age than for those 50

years and over and was hi$her for persons with 12 or more

years of school than for those with less than 12 years of

school. Twenty-four percent of all adults stated that the

announcements they had heard on television and the radio

were part of the “America Responds to AIDS” series.

One-fourth (25 percent) of U.S. adults reportedly read

brochures or pamphlets about AIDS in the month preceding the May NHIS interview. In June this proportion

increased to more than one-half (52 percent), and it remained at that level in July. During the month of June

1988, the Centers for Disease Control mailed a brochure

entitled “Understanding AIDS” to all households in the

United States. The large proportion of adults who had read

AIDS brochures in the l-month periods preceding the June

and July interviews probably reflects the results of this

mailing. In July, 68 percent of adults reported ever having

read pamphlets or brochures about AIDS, compared to 43

percent in May and 64 percent in June.

By the time they were interviewed in July, 63 percent of

all adults reported that they remembered having received

the brochure “Understanding AIDS” at the household. Of

those who had received the brochure, 58 percent had read

all or almost all of it, 21 percent had read half or less, and

Z() percent had not read any of the brochure. More than

one-half of the adults who stated that they had read at least

some of the brochure claimed to have read it Carefu]]y,with

the remainder having just skimmed through it. About

one-third of those who had read the brochure fe]t that it

had given them new information or answered que5tionsthat

they had about AIDS.

Self-assessed knowledge—As of July 1988, 23 F,ercent

of adults stated that they knew a lot about ~1)$ 44

percent said they knew some, 25 percent fe]t they knew a

little, and 7 percent claimed to know nothing about AIDS.

General knowledge– General knowledge about AIDS

and the AIDS virus showed little change between June and

July. The great majority of adults thought it was definitely

true that AIDS leads to death (88 percent), that there is no

cure for AIDS at present (85 percent), and that the AIDS

virus can be transmitted by means of sexual intercourse (81

percent) and from mother to infant (80 percent). Approximately three-fourths (74 percent) of adults thought it was

definitely false that an AIDS vaccine is available to the

public.

As shown in table 1, there were large differences by

education in the proportions of adults responding correctly

to these general information questions, with the more

highly educated individuals the more likely to provide

correct answers. Adults 30-49 years of age responded more

accurately, on average, than individuals who were either

younger or older, and white adults more often answered

correctly than did black adults. There was no consistent

difference by gender in general AIDS information level.

Transmission of the AIDS virus-Although the 1987

AIDS survey revealed widespread misinformation about

the risk of AIDS virus transmission through casual contact,

accurate knowledge in this area increased continuously

between August and December. This aspect of AIDS

knowledge also improved between May and June 1988, but

did not change behveen June and July.

Blood donation and testing—Based on July data, 42

percent of all adults in the United States have donated

blood at some time in their lives, and 14 percent have

donated blood since 1985 when automatic testing of blood

donations for the AIDS virus began. Six percent of adults

reported having donated blood in the 12 months before

interview. Younger adults were the most likely to have

donated blood recently. The proportion of adults who had

donated blood since 1985 increased with education, from 6

percent of persons with less than 12 years of school to 19

percent of those with more than 12 years.

Seventy-five percent of adults had heard of the blood

test for the AIDS virus infection. Eighty-three percent of

individuals 1849 years of age had heard of the test,

compared to 62 percent of those 50 years and over. Awareness of the AIDS blood test was greater among white than

black adults (77 compared to 65 percent) and increased

with education, from 52 percent of those with less than 12

years of school to 77 and 87 percent, respectively, of those

with 12 years and more than 12 years of school. Two-thirds

(67 percent) of adults correctly believed that blood donations are now routinely tested for the AIDS virus,

only 3 percent of all U.S. adults reported having

received counseling about taking the AIDS virus test,
advancedata 3

Altogether, 18 percent of adults have had their blood tested

for the AIDS virus. This figure includes 8 percent who

reported having had the test, about the same as AugustDecember 1987, and 10 percent who denied or were unaware of having had the test but reported having donated

blood since 1985, which had been subjected to routine

testing for the AIDS virus. Persons age 18-29 years and

30-49 years were more than hvice as likely as those age 50

years and over to have had the AIDS blood test (24 and 20

percent, respectively, compared to 9 percent), and men

were more likely than women to have done so (21 versus 15

percent). The proportion of adults whose blood had been

tested increased with education, from 9 percent of those

with less than 12 years of school to 23 percent of those with

more than 12 years.

Seventy-five percent of all persons who reported having

had their blood tested for the AIDS virus one or more

times stated that at least one of the tests was done as a

routine part of blood donation, 16 percent (3 percent of the

total adult population) reported having taken a test voluntarily, and 12 percent took a test as part of some other

activity that included routine blood testing (e.g., military

induction, immigration).

Just over half (54 percent) of the individuals who

reported having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus

reported having received the results of the test. This proportion was much higher for black than for white adults (76

compared t% 49 percent) and was greater for persons with

less than 12 years of school than for those with 12 or more

years (72 compared to 51 percent).

Seven percent of all adults reported plans to have their

blood tested for the AIDS virus in the next 12 months. This

proportion decreased with age, from 11 percent of persons

age 18-29 years to 3 percent of those age 50 years and over.

Five percent of all adults in the United States received

blood transfusions between 1977 when the AIDS virus is

believed to have entered the United States and 1985 when

routine testing of blood donations for the AIDS virus was

initiated. As of July 1988, 45 percent of adults stated that

the blood supply is now safe for transfusions; 26 percent did

not believe the blood supply is safe; and 29 percent were

uncertain. The proportion of adults trusting the safety of

the blood supply increased with education, was higher for

men than women, was higher for white than for black

individuals, and was higher for persons 18-49 years of age

than for those 50 years and over.

Preventive meczsures-Thirty percent of adults thought

that condoms are very effective in preventing transmission

of the AIDS virus, and 54 percent thought that this method

is somewhat effective. Eighty-three percent realized that

having a monogamous relationship with a person who does

not have the AIDS virus is a very effective way to prevent

getting the virus. Over half of all adults realized that the

diaphragm, spermicidal jellies and creams, and vasectomy

are not effective in preventing AIDS virus transmission,

with most of the remainder uncertain about the effectiveness of these methods.

Risk of getting the ADS virus-Three percent of all

adults stated that they belonged to one or more of the

behavior groups associated with increased risk of AIDS

virus transmission, i.e., hemophiliacs, intravenous drug users, homosexuals, etc. This proportion decreased with age,

from 4 percent of adults age 18-29 to less than 1 percent of

adults age 50 or over.

As of July 1988, 79 percent of U.S. adults believed

there is no chance that they have the AIDS virus. Fifteen

percent reported a low chance, 2 percent a medium chance,

and less than 1 percent a high chance. Americans assessed

their chances of getting the AIDS virus as minimal as well.

Seventy-two percent reported no chance of getting the

viruy 21 percent perceived themselves as being at low risk,

3 percent at medium riskj and less than 1 percent at high

risk. Adults age 50 years and over were the least likely to

perceive some risk of getting the AIDS virus, and women

were slightly less likely than men to feel at risk.

Two-thirds (66 percent) of adults have talked to friends

or relatives about AIDS, a proportion that varied with

education, from 45 percent of those persons with less than

12 years of school to 78 percent of those with more than 12

years.

One-tenth of the aduks in the United States reported

knowing or having known someone with AIDS or the AIDS

virus. This proportion was higher for adults age 18-49 years

than for those age 50 years and over and was twice as high

for persons with more than 12 years of school as for those

with less education. Most of the individuals who had known

someone with AIDS or the AIDS virus stated that more

than 6 months had passed since they had seen that person.

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05
4 advancedata

Table 1, Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and ati”tudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, July 1988

[Data are based on household Interviews of the cMl!=m nonmsltfuhonallzed POPUlatkM.The survey design, general qualifications, and Information on the reliability of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sex Race Educdon

18-29 30-49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or afhtude To!al years years and over Male Female Whrte Black 72 yews 12 yaacs 12 years

Tolat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...100

1.

la

1b.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

In the past month, have you–

Seen any publ~ service announcements about AIDS on

telewson?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Heard any pubic serwce announcements about AIDS on

theracho?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Were any of those pubhc service announcements called

“Amerwa Responds to AIDS’?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Oon’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Neither heard norsawany pubilc service announcements. . 11

Inthepasl month, have youread any brochures or pamphlets

ebouf AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Oon’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Where dld you get the pamphlets or brochures?”2

Clmtc, otherthan worKclinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Doclor’sofftce (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Public heatfhdepartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Recetved in mailwithoutesking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

RedCross/RedCrossblooddomtiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Otherblooddonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

School, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Sent/phonedfor/requestedit,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Federal/State/localgovemment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Work, otherthanclmicornurse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Work, nurseorchnic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The Government L3mailmg a brochure wrth basic mfomrat!on

about AIDS to each household in the country. Was thi$

brochure received a! this household?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

How much of the brochure did you read?’

Alloralmostall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

About half. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Lessthan half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

When you read tt, dd you read II carefully, or dKl you just skim

through tt?3

Readcarefully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Sklmmedthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Dk5 not read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Did Ihe brochure gwe you any new Inforrna[ion or answer any

queshcns you had about AIDS?3

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Did notread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Did you discuss the brochure wih anyone else in the family?3

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

No... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

See fcdnoles al end of table.

100

86

13

1

54

42

4

31

10

48

11

54

45

0

72

27

0

2

11

0

2

37

2

1

11

0

24

8

2

16

60

24

16

55

14

8

22

1

46

31

1

0

22

31

46

0

22

35

85

0

100

90

9

1

53

42

5

27

11

54

8

56

43

1

74

26

0

2

7

1

2

41

2

1

4

1

29

15

4

13

0

65

23

12

61

14

7

18

1

47

34

0

0

18

23

5a

18

43

57

100

83

14

2

38

56

5

16

9

60

15

47

52

1

60

39

1

1

5

0

0

47

1

2

0

35

7

1

12

0

63

26

11

56

13

10

20

1

43

36

1

0

m

20

60

0

20

33

67

Percent distnbutioni

100 100 100 100

87

12

1

52

43

5

23

11

55

11

47

52

1

65

34

1

2

6

0

1

39

2

0

6

1

30

12

1

14

0

62

24

14

52

14

9

25

0

39

35

1

0

25

22

53

0

25

37

63

86

12

2

44

52

4

25

9

54

11

57

42

1

72

28

1

2

9

1

2

43

2

0

5

;

10

4

13

0

64

24

12

63

13

8

16

1

51

33

1

0

16

26

58

0

16

36

62

0

86

12

1

48

48

4

23

10

55

11

53

47

1

69

31

1

1

7

1

1

42

2

0

5

0

31

11

2

13

0

64

23

13

60

12

6

20

1

45

34

1

0

20

22

58

0

20

36

62

0

66

10

2

45

47

8

34

7

49

10

53

46

2

69

30

1

7

10

1

2

37

8

0

21

11

3

19

61

28

11

44

23

9

2?

‘i

47

28

2

1

23

38

39

0

23

32

66

Ial

60

16

3

40

54

5

24

8

51

17

40

59

1

fi50

, 49

1

5

6

0

2

43

1

3

29

10

2

11

0

54

34

12

47

10

11

31

1

39

29

0

32

23

45

0

32

34

86

100

89

10

1

48

48

4

27

11

53

9

51

48

1

68

31

1

;

1

1

46

2

1

3

0

26

10

2

13

0

64

23

13

57

18

6

19

0

46

35

1

0

19

24

56

0

19

31

69

0

foo

87

11

2

52

43

5

22

10

57

10

60

39

1

79

21

1

2

9

1

1

37

2

0

8

1

32

12

3

14

67

20

13

63

13

8

16

1

48

35

1

0

16

24

59

0

16

46

54
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowiedge and attitudes from the

1988 Nationai Heaith interview Survey, by selected characteristics United States, July 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household lnterv!ews of the Clvllkmnoninstitutlonalized population. The survey (18Slgn,general quahfiiations, and Information on the rellabhfy of

the estimates are gtven in techmcat notes]

Age sax Race Educ4ion

76-29 30+9 50 years

AIDS knowledge or attitude

Less than More than

Totat years Yeats and over Male Female Whale Black 12 yrnrs 12 years 12 years

13.

14.

15.

16.

21.

22.

23a.

Dld any of your children agad 10-17 read the brochure?3’4

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Was the brocfwxe discussed wilhany of your children

aged 10-17?3’4

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Have you ever discussed AIDS wlh any of your children

aged I&l??’

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Havesnyorallof yourchlldranaged 10-17 had instruction at

schcd about AIDS?4

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0

How much would you say you know about AIDS?

Alit .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Aliffle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

To the best of your knowledge, is there a difference between

having the AIDS virus and having the disease AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Dfher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

AIDS can reduce the bodv’s natural Drotect!an aaalnst disease.

Defm!felytrue . . . .-. . . . ...’. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 74

Protiablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Defmfielyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO

23b. AIDS is especially common in okter people.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Definifelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

23c. AIDS can damage the brain.

Defmilelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X!

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Definielyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’ttmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2g

23d. AIDS usually leads to heart alsaase.

Defmtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IO

Probablytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2CI

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Dorttlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

23e.AIDSisan infectious disaasecausadby avirus.

Deflmtelytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M

23f.

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Definlelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Teenagers cannot get AIDS.

Detinitely!nre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g:

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

23g. AIDS leads to death.

Defmfelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Probabiytme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Defimtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

10

66

22

15

85

37

63

37

16

46

23

50

24

4

66

22

0

12

77

11

2

3

7

1

2

23

67

7

23

29

12

7

28

7

19

22

14

37

6a

16

2

3

9

1

1

3

94

1

6a

10

0

1

1

29

46

25

36

81

3

64

36

59

2

3a

47

21

2

0

72

15

1

12

81

9

1

3

6

1

1

16

76

4

27

2e

9

2:

27

20

18

32

70

17

2

3

8

1

0

9:

2

89

8

1

1

1

31

45

24

33

65

2

52

4a

63

7

31

16

37

32

15

0

!%

10

0

32

64

14

2

3

17

1

1

19

67

13

29

30

6

4

31

13

m

14

9

44

53

2a

3

3

21

2

:

65

7

66

7

0

1

4

32

39

2e

35

6a

6

54

46

57

6

37

22

43

27

8

0

54

16

1

19

74

12

2

3

9

1

1

20

70

7

26

2e

10

6

28

10

20

21

15

35

65

2U

2

3

11

1

0

4

92

3

87

9

0

2

2

26

52

21

35

65

1

m

31

61

15

24

24

45

24

7

0

66

14

0

19

74

10

2

3

11

1

1

18

73

6

28

3a

6

5

29

10

20

17

13

40

63

17

2

3

14

2

1

3

91

3

89

8

0

1

2

.2a

45

26

35

62

2

63

37

59

12

29

24

44

25

7

0

67

15

0

18

76

11

1

3

9

1

1

E

7

27

29

9

6

28

10

20

19

14

37

64

19

2

3

12

1

1

9:

3

88

9

0

1

2

2e

43

28

31

60

8

6a

40

56

9

32

17

44

28

11

54

2a

1

25

57

13

4

6

2a

:

16

67

13

24

3a

8

6

32

11

20

14

11

44

62

17

:

17

1

0

4

6a

6

89

5

2

4

27

46

27

2e

66

4

4a

52

55

10

35

1~

3a

37

21

40

la

o

41

52

13

2

4

29

2

2

19

58

19

27

27

4

4

38

13

20

11

7

48

47

18

3

4

2.9

3

2

5

79

11

68

4

1

7

2e

4a

23

35

63

2

64

36

62

:

20

47

26

5

0

64

17

0

18

74

12

2

4

7

0

1

19

75

5

25

3a

9

6

2e

;

16

13

39

63

2a

2

4

10

1

0

3

94

2

W

7

0

1

1

28

46

26

35

61

4

65

35

59

12

29

34

49

16

1

81

12

0

7

66

9

1

2

3

1

1

20

75

4

26

31

12

6

23

8

16

26

18

31

73

17

;

6

1

0

3

e5

1

66

12

1

1

1

See fcdmtes at et-dof tsble,
6 advancedata

Table l. Provisional estimates of the percent ofpersons 18years ofageand over with selected AIDSknowledge andatiitudes flrom the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, July 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household fnlerviewe of the ctwllen noninstitutbnaftzed population. The survey design, general qualifiiatiins, and information on the reliebilff of

the estimates are given In tecfmlcal noteq

Age sex Race Eduoefiorr

16=29 3&19 50 years

AIDS Mwwfedge or e!flfude

Leas than h40re than

Total years years and over Male Female Whlfe Black 12 yeBrs 12 years 12 years

23h. A pereon can be Infected with the AIDS VIIUSend not have the

cfisaese AIDS.

Definitely lrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Probebly line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Defmifely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’t Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

23i. Looking ataperson lsenough totenif heorsheha,s the

AIDS VlrUS.

Defmitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probeblytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Defmitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

23j. Anyparson with the AIDS virus cenpaes ttontosom@neel~

during sexual Intercourse.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Probeblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Deflnifelyfalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

23k.Apersonwho hastheAIDSvlfus Cenlookandfeel heatthy

end well.

f)OfinttOlytNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2g

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Definilelyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

231. Apregnantwomanwho hasfheAIDSvlmscangNelheAIDS

virus to her baby.

Definltelyirue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Probablyfafee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Deflnitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

23m.There Isa vaccine avelleble to the publii Ihat protects a person

from getting the AIDS virus.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

23n. There is no cure for AIDS et present.

Defmnelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E5

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DefmtIelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

24. Howllkely doyouthink tlisthat aparson will get AIDS orthe

AIDSvirus infection from24s. Living near a hospital or home for AIDS patenls?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Ver’yunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Defmrtelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

24b. Working near someone wKh the AIDS vims?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:

Somewhatunhkefy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Deflnitelynol possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

24c, Eating lnarestaurant where thecook hasthe AIDS vlms?

Veryllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewha! likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Somewhatunl!kely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Defmltelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

65

24

5

6

11

1

4

15

75

5

82

14

1

;

50

30

7

4

9

82

12

0

1

4

2

3

11

74

9

83

7

1

5

4

2

4

8

37

46

3

2

11

10

38

36

4

7

1s

15

34

19

6

59

22

4

5

9

2

3

15

75

5

83

12

1

1

2

52

28

5

7

7

83

13

0

1

3

1

2

8

80

9

es

5

2

3

2

1

2

8

35

49

4

2

9

11

38

34

5

7

16

15

34

18

10

45

22

4

4

25

2

5

19

57

18

78

12

1

1

6

38

29

7

6

m

76

14

0

1

9

1

2

10

66

21

83

6

:

7

1

4

9

32

42

11

3

10

10

35

30

11

7

16

13

32

14

19

52

22

5

5

15

2

4

17

87

9

80

14

1

1

4

48

2s

6

6

11

78

15

1

1

5

2

2

10

75

11

85

6

:

4

1

3

8

35

46

6

3

9

11

37

34

6

7

15

15

34

17

12

Percent dietributiont

54

23

4

4

15

2

3

15

70

9

a2

12

1

1

5

46

30

6

5

13

82

12

0

1

5

1

2

9

73

15

65

5

1

4

5

1

4

8

35

46

6

2

10

11

37

33

8

7

17

14

33

17

13

58

22

4

4

14

2

3

16

71

8

al

13

1

1

4

48

29

6

5

12

81

13

0

1

5

1

2

9

75

12

87

5

:

4

1

3

a

35

48

6

2

9

10

38

34

6

6

15

15

35

18

12

41

22

5

8

24

2

6

19

59

14

80

12

1

1

6

39

2s

8

9

15

80

11

1

2

6

3

1:

63

21

76

8

1

6

8

4

6

11

34

35

11

5

14

13

30

2s

11

13

22

12

24

12

16

:

5

6

38

3

7

21

46

24

77

12

1

1

10

26

28

6

9

29

73

74

0

1

11

2

3

9

58

28

76

6

1

3

12

3

6

9

28

38

18

6

13

10

29

27

16

12

17

11

24

13

24

52

25

5

5

13

1

4

16

70

8

84

12

1

1

2

47

30

7

6

10

82

12

0

1

4

1

2

11

74

12

85

6

1

4

3

1

4

10

36

44

5

2

10

12

37

32

6

7

18

14

32

16

12

66

21

4

4

6

2

2

12

81

3

81

13

2

1

3

58

30

4

3

5

83

14

0

1

2

1

:

82

7

SS

5

:

1

1

1

5

37

54

2

1

7

10

41

38

3

4

14

17

40

19

7

%efcdnotesat endoftable,
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Heaith Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, July 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the CMISn f10fllflStiWfkMallZ4d populatbn. The survey des!gn, general qualifiiafkms, end informatbn on the relbblllly of

the estlmales are given in technical notesi

Age sex Race Education

13-29 3G49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or attflude

Less than More than

Total years yaam end over Male Female While 131ack 12 yaws 12 years 12 years

24d. lasslng-wiIh exchange of saliva-a person who has the

AIDS ViillS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Defimtelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

24e. Shaking hands, touching, or klsslng on the cheek someone

who has the AIDS virus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Somewhaf unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

DefintIely notpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

24f. Shartng plates, forks, orglasswi7h someone who hasthe

AIDS VklJS?

Very likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Definitelynotpx.sible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24g. Using public toilets?

Vefyllkely . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

.Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunlikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Definifefynotposslbie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24h.SharingneedW fordfugueewlh somwsewhohas the

241.

24j.

24k.

25.

26a

AIDSvlrus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Somewhatlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhafunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

DefintIelynotposSble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Selngcoughador sneezadonbysomeone whohasthe

AID.Svirus?

Verylilseiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

.somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Vefyunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Definilelynotpx.slble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Attending school with a child who has the AIDS virus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhatlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Definitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Mosquitoes or other Insects?

Vefyllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Somewhafunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Definltelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Have you ever donated blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have vou donated blood since March 1985?

Yak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26b. Have you donated blofxl In the past 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Don?know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

16

30

16

20

9

9

1

6

14

37

39

4

6

17

14

34

22

8

4

14

12

35

27

7

95

3

1

0

1

6

16

17

30

22

8

2

5

12

39

38

6

6

15

10

25

25

18

32

66

0

18

81

1

8

91

1

22

25

16

19

9

9

3

4

10

41

36

4

6

16

15

32

21

9

4

11

12

=

8

95

2

0

1

1

1

6

18

17

33

18

9

2

6

11

40

35

6

7

~4

9

E

19

45

55

0

16

63

0

8

92

0

24

28

10

14

5

18

3

6

14

35

30

11

10

20

13

24

17

17

6

14

12

z

16

91

2

1

1

5

6

23

13

23

14

19

2

7

10

35

31

15

7

16

7

20

21

28

45

54

0

7

92

1

3

96

1

20

29

15

18

7

12

2

5

13

40

35

6

8

16

15

31

20

10

4

10

14

35

27

10

94

3

0

1

1

2

6

18

17

31

18

11

2

6

12

39

33

9

7

15

9

24

23

21

54

46

0

17

63

1

7

92

1

Percent d~trlbutbn’

23

27

13

17

8

12

3

6

12

36

36

7

8

16

13

29

20

12

5

15

11

33

25

11

94

2

0

1

1

2

7

20

15

27

18

14

2

6

10

37

35

9

7

15

8

23

24

23

31

69

0

11

69

0

5

94

1

20

28

15

18

7

12

2

5

12

38

37

6

7

17

14

30

21

10

4

12

12

35

27

10

94

3

0

1

1

2

6

19

16

30

18

12

2

6

11

36

35

8

7

13

9

25

25

22

;

o

15

84

1

7

92

1

29

27

9

14

6

15

5

7

15

34

29

10

14

18

13

25

14

16

7

16

13

30

18

13

90

2

0

1

2

5

11

20

15

21

16

17

4

9

15

2

14

11

24

7

17

17

24

33

67

0

6

93

0

3

97

0

26

24

10

12

5

23

6

8

12

30

26

18

12

21

13

19

14

22

9

20

8

25

17

20

66

3

0

1

;

13

21

13

18

11

25

5

9

E

25

21

13

18

6

17

15

31

30

69

0

6

94

1

2

97

1

22

26

13

17

8

12

2

5

15

37

36

5

8

19

13

29

20

11

5

14

14

32

25

11

95

2

0

1

0

1

6

20

16

28

18

11

2

6

14

37

34

8

8

16

8

22

24

22

38

62

0

12

87

1

6

94

1

18

22

17

22

8

6

1

4

10

42

41

1

6

14

16

36

23

6

2

8

12

41

31

5

95

3

0

1

1

0

3

17

17

35

21

6

1

4

9

43

39

4

4

12

10

30

28

16

51

48

0

19

60

1

9

90

1

Seefcdnobsaterd dtsble.
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estlmatea of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, July 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the clvllian noninslttufionalized pOPUk3fk3n.The survey @Sfgn, generet quetifiifiins, and Information on the reliabilii of

the est!mates are grven in techntcel notes]

Age 5.9X Race Educatbrr

1E%?9 W9 50 years Leaa than More than

AIDS knowledge or altitude Tofat years years and over Male Female WhH8 Black 12 yaws 12 yams i12years

27. Have you ever heard of a blood test that can detect the AIDS

virus Infecfiin?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

28. To the best of your knowledge, are Mood donat!cms routinely

tesled now for the AIDS virus hfechon?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Neverheardoftast5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

29a. Have you ever received counseling or had a tatk with a heaith

professional about IakmgtheAIDSvws test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

29b. Was the discussion-l”*

30.

31.

32.

33.

Wflhaprlvaledoctor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Atafamlly-plannmgclinic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

OnanAIDSfIofllne? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Ataprenatal clink? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Atari STDoreexuallytransmtBctd iseasa clinic? . . . . . . . 5

At an AIDS/HIV counseling and testing site? . . . . . . . . . . 7

Wthsome other health profess!anal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Wlthsomeofhercounealor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

During that discussion, did you recefve Inforrnahcm about how

to avoid getting or passing on the AIDS WI.IS?E

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Have you ever bean adweed by a health professional not to

have the blood test for the AIDS virus infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftesls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Have you ever been advised by friends or relabvas not to have

the blood test for the AIDS vitus Infedm?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftest5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Have you had your blood tasted for the AIDS virus Infection?

Y& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Neverhearcloftests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

35a_ How many !Imes have you had your blood tested for the AIDS

virus mfectlon?

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Twice, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3-5tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6-12fimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Morethan 12tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Neverheardofornevertooktast’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

35b. How many times In the past 12 months have you had your

bloodtestedfor theAIDS viruslnfeclon?

None infhepast 12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Morefhanonce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Neverheardofornevertooklest’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

36. Was the iestiwere any of the tests, mcludmg those you had

beforethepastl 2months–l”B

Partofabloed donation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Parlofabioodtransfuwon? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Voiuntarllysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Part ofsomeotherachvifythat rsqulres a blood sample? . . 12

82

14

4

74

3

4

18

7:

0

18

46

8

6

7

12

38

12

77

27

2

1

al

18

1

81

18

24

80

1

16

7

1

1

0

13

76

2

7

2

13

76

71

0

20

14

63

14

3

74

4

5

17

3

80

17

40

1

i

4

11

58

40

2

0

63

17

0

82

0

17

20

63

1

16

5

1

1

1

0

12

80

2

4

2

12

80

79

2

13

13

62

31

7

53

3

6

36

1

60

0

36

63

34

9

75

25

0

62

0

38

0

62

36

9

52

3;

2

0

1

0

6

91

1

2

1

6

91

74

2

18

8

76

20

4

67

4

5

24

3

72

0

24

47

4

3

6

8

51

14

73

26

1

0

75

24

0

75

2:

21

55

2

22

4

1

1

1

13

60

2

4

2

13

79

77

1

14

14

Percent dlstrlbution$

75

20

5

68

3

6

25

3

72

0

25

49

5

6

3

6

35

9

61

37

2

1

74

0

25

1

75

0

25

15

61

1

24

4

1

1

1

0

6

66

2

3

1

8

88

73

2

20

11

77

18

5

m

3

5

23

3

74

0

23

44

5

6

6

7

48

13

66

33

1

1

77

23

0

77

0

23

~8

59

1

21

4

1

1

1

0

11

82

2

4

2

11

62

76

1

15

12

65

30

5

54

3

8

35

5

60

0

35

63

4

8

20

6

63

31

6

&

64

0

35

1

64

35

12

53

d

4

:

0

6

88

2

4

1

6

88

53

3

25

14

52

40

9

41

2

8

49

3

49

48

51

33

20

64

30

6

0

51

0

49

0

51

0

46

9

42

2

47

3

0

0

0

5

91

1

3

1

4

91

62

0

19

14

77

18

5

67

5

5

23

2

75

23

36

10

7

to

42

11

60

31

0

77

23

0

76

23

16

62

1

21

4

1

1

0

10

84

2

3

1

10

64

76

2

15

13

87

10

3

80

2

5

13

5

62

1

13

50

4

8

5

8

47

9

67

31

1

1

66

13

1

67

13

23

63

2

11

6

;

1

0

14

77

2

5

3

14

77

77

2

16

12

See fodraes at erd of table.
advancedata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by seiected characteristics: United States, July 1988-Con.

[Oata are based on household Interviews of the ctvilien nonlnstiiutionatized population. The survey rles!gn, general queffcallons, and Information on the reliability of

me estimates are gwen in technhal notesl

—

Age Sex Race Educatbr

1&29 30-f9 50 years Less than Mom than

AIDS knowledge or aftitude Total years yaars and over Male Female W7ufe Black 12 YC%WS 12 years 12 years

36. Did you get the resulls of your tesf/any of your tesls?8

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

41. Do you expect to have a blind tesl for the AIDS virus infection

in the next 12 monlhs?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Neverheard obtests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z5

42. Willthetestba-l”g

Partofablooddonalion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Voluntenlysoughl? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

PartofsomeotheractfvHythatrequirOSa blood sample? . . 15

44a Dkl you have a blood tranfusicn et any time between

1977end1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

44b. Do you think the present supply of blood is safe for trenfuskms?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

45. Hereare some methods p80pleuSe toprevent geftlngthe MDS

virus through sexual actwHy. How effective fs45s. Using a diaphragm?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Don’tknowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Donl knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

45b. Using a condom?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

NotatalleffectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’tknowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Donlknowmeltmcf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

450. Using a spermicldal jelly, foam, or cream?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhaleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Notatalleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Don’tknowhoweffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’tknowmeIhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

45d. Having a vasectomy?

Veryeffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

SomewhateffacIlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notatalleffachve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Don’tknowhoweffectiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

45e. Two people who do not have the AIDS virus having sax only

wth each other?

Veryeffectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

somewhateffactiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Notatalleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknowhoweffactNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

46. Whatare yourchances ofhaving the AIDSvirus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

47. Whatare yourchences ofgetting the AtDSvlrus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

HighchanceofalreadyhavingAIDSvirus. . . . . . . . . . . . 0

59

41

11

66

5

18

36

84

9

3

97

1

48

30

22

2

17

61

17

4

33

56

6

4

2

3

18

57

18

5

3

4

86

18

7

82

10

4

3

1

J

22

71

3

0

5

31

m

3

1

50

47

3

7

71

5

17

49

43

22

5

e4

1

47

25

27

3

12

63

16

6

33

55

6

4

2

2

14

82

16

6

1

1

79

11

7

87

6

3

2

1

1

2

17

78

3

0

3

22

72

3

1

53

44

3

3

57

2

38

41

58

9

6

92

2

40

23

37

3

74

44

m

9

24

51

6

16

3

1

15

41

32

11

1

3

62

26

6

77

8

3

9

2

0

1

9

87

3

0

1

13

82

4

0

53

45

2

8

64

4

24

42

50

19

4

95

1

49

24

27

3

14

54

23

6

31

55

5

7

2

2

16

51

24

7

2

3

70

18

7

83

8

3

5

1

1

2

18

77

2

0

4

26

67

3

1

Percent distribution

55

43

1

6

65

4

25

42

59

9

5

93

1

42

27

31

3

14

56

20

6

28

53

7

9

3

2

15

56

20

7

;

71

18

8

62

8

3

5

2

0

2

13

62

3

0

2

17

77

4

0

49

49

2

6

87

4

23

48

49

14

5

94

1

47

24

26

3

14

58

20

5

30

55

6

7

2

2

16

55

21

6

1

3

73

17

6

84

7

3

5

1

0

2

15

60

2

0

2

22

73

3

0

76

24

11

49

5

35

21

76

14

5

93

2

34

32

34

4

13

43

31

9

29

46

9

13

4

2

15

43

30

10

3

1

57

28

13

70

13

6

9

2

1

3

17

73

6

0

5

18

68

7

1

72

26

5

44

3

48

26

87

10

5

93

1

32

30

38

4

13

38

31

14

21

45

9

19

7

2

11

38

33

16

2

4

49

26

17

71

9

4

12

4

0

2

9

83

5

0

2

12

79

6

0

50

48

2

7

65

5

23

39

51

20

5

94

1

45

26

29

3

14

58

21

6

30

55

6

6

1

2

14

56

22

6

2

2

71

16

6

83

8

4

4

1

;

13

82

3

0

3

20

73

4

1

51

47

2

7

76

4

13

50

54

12

5

95

1

53

23

24

2

16

85

15

2

34

66

4

4

1

2

19

m

16

4

1

2

81

12

3

89

7

2

2

0

:

21

7s

2

0

2

28

67

2

1

See fmmtes at endof table.
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowfed$fe and attitudes from the

1988 National Health interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, July 19SS-Con.

[Data are based on household mtertewa of me CMMUI nontneffiufionmm PoPukdion. T~ SIJrVeYdesign, 9eneraI qualmions, and information on the reliabilii of

the estlmatee are given In technical notes]

Age sax Race Educafion

18-W 3049 so years LOSSthan More than

AIDS knowledge or antlude Total &ers years and over Male Female Whfle Black 12 yams 12 years 12 yeafs

49.

52,

53

54.

55.

56.

57.

56

Do you say yo~~chanca of geffmg AIDS S high or medium

because youHave hadablood transfusion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Have had sexual contact wlfh someone who might have

Ihevlrus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Someotherreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Have you ever cf!scussed AIDS with a friend or relettve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

When was the last time you discussed AIDS wllh a friend or

relaltve?

0-3daye ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4-7cJays ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

&14days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Morethan 31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Never discuseedlt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Have you ever personally known anyone wfth AtDS or [he

AIDS vims?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

How long has It bean since you saw this p8t’SOn?

Withlnpas12weeKs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2week&lessthen l month.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

lmonfh-lessthan3 months.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3month?-lassthan6monthe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’fknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

NeverknewanyonewithAlDS12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

How well do you know this persco?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fairlywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notve~well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’treallyknowparaonaliy... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’fknowhowwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

NeverknewenyonewtthAlDS12.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

IS any of these S.!atemente true for you?

a Youhave hemophilia andhave racatved clotting facfor

concentrates sinm 1977.

b.Youareanative ofHaltlorCanlral orEastAfrkawho has

enteradtheUnitad Statessince1977.

c. Youarea manwhohas hadeaxwlfh another manataome

timesince1977, even lllme.

d. You have taken illegal drugs by needle at any time shca

1977.

e. Since 1977, youareor have baenthe sexpertner of any

pereon who would answer yes to any of the ilems above

(57 a-d).

f. Youhave hadaaxformoneyordrugsat anytimeslncs

1977.

Yestoalleast l statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notoallstalemenls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The U.S. Publk Health Sarvka has said that AIDS Is one of the

major health problems in Ihe cwntry but exactly how many

people it affects ts not known, The Surgeon General has

proposed !hat a study be condudad and blood samples be

taken 10 help fmd out how widespread the problem !s. If you

were ealected inthtsnallonal eampieofpaopleto have their

blood tested with assurances of privacy of test results, would

you have the test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Dither .,.............,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5

17

72

72

28

0

9

11

6

18

21

5

28

:7

2

0

1

1

0

8

0

69

2

3

3

2

1

69

4

96

0

77

19

1

3

13

14

60

73

26

0

9

11

9

E

5

27

;

2

1

1

1

1

7

0

87

2

3

8

1

1

87

3

97

71

20

2

7

2

76

52

48

1

7

8

7

12

12

5

49

9;

2

1

0

1

1

5

0

93

1

2

3

1

1

93

0

100

0

65

26

3

6

8

14

65

63

36

1

8

10

8

16

17

5

37

9

66

2

1

1

1

1

6

0

91

2

3

4

1

1

91

4

86

0

72

21

2

5

8

16

71

67

32

0

8

10

9

17

38

5

33

11

67

2

;

1

1

7

0

69

:

4

2

1

69

2

90

0

70

22

2

6

7

11

72

66

33

0

8

9

9

17

19

5

34

E

2

1

1

1

1

6

0

xl

1

2

4

1

1

90

2

86

0

0

72

21

2

5

13

32

51

63

37

0

9

16

5

16

11

5

3a

15

63

2

:

:

9

65

1

6

4

:

65

5

95

66

25

3

7

15

34

46

45

55

1

8

8

6

:

5

55

7

82

2

0

1

0

:

93

1

2

2

0

0

93

2

98

65

26

2

7

12

13

69

65

35

1

7

10

8

::

5

35

9:

2

1

1

1

1

5

92

1

2

3

1

1

92

3

97

72

21

2

5

8

77

78

22

0

9

12

10

3

5

22

15

63

2

1

1

2

1

9

0

85

2

3

6

2

2

85

3

97

0

0

72

20

2

5

See fcometes at end of table,
advancedata 11

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age ●nd over with seiected AIDS knowiedge and attitudes from the

1988 Nationai Heaith interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United stStOS, Juty 19BB-Con.

[Dafa are based on household interviews of the civlliaI’I noninsMutbnMzedfmpulatbn. The survey desfgn, general quatMoetbns, and Irrfonnatbn on the reliability of

the estimatesare given In Iechnkal noW]

A@ sex Race Education

1%?9 m myw-s Less than More than

AIDS knOWh?@78 or atwde Tofal years ymrs and over MaIa Female WtMe Black 12 yeers 12 years 12 years

59. why wouldn’t you take pert in the leS!?lg

Don’fwantto knowifl have NDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Donlwent anycounsalhg HAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Fearl’llget AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Donllilreto give blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Donltmst Government programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

nlsawaste of money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’t believe AIDS can really be cured anyway . . . . . . . . 1

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

61. When Federal publio health ofllciels gtve Information about

AIDS, do you believe what they say or are you doublful about

lhe Informetbn they give?

Sieve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

62. When they ipubllo health officials] give advice about how to

help keep from gettingAIDS, do you Wave their adviceor are

you doubtfuli3bOUtwhat they S@

Selleve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

10

4

6

15

7

4

2

37

18

70

25

4

64

13

4

4 2

2

: 8

14 10

10 3

2 3

2 1

5056

16 15

66 61

2529

7 11

62 73

14 18

5 9

Percentdisk’ibutbn$

44 47

22 24

58 6 10

9 15 12 18

95 75

33 3

1 2 1 :

52505243

15 17 18 16

6567 s688

28262722

78 7 10

79 60 60 77

16 14 15 12

56 5 11

4 5 4

4 1 2

8 6 6

13 13 11

2 5 10

3 3

2 2 ;

47 55 49

18 12 19

!sa 65 72

28 26 23

14 7 5

69 79 66

20 16 11

12 5 3

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Interview Sumey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes was

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed interviews with 3,248 persons, or about 89

percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to alIow

readers to derive provisiomd estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have had their blood

tested for the AIDS virus. The population figures in table I

are based on first-quarter 1987 data from the NHIS;

theyare not official population estimates. Table II shows

approximate standard errors of estimates presented in

table 1.

Table L Sample sizes for the 1986 National Health Interview

Survey of AfDS Knowiedge and Attitudes and estimated aduit

population 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, Juiy 1988

Estknafed

ciw-acfwbtks

population

SerrrP& size in thousands

Alladulfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A@

le-28years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50years andow3r . . . . . . . . . .

84X

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fem8te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rata

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Educetbn

Lessthan12years..........

12yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 12yeem . . . . . . . . .

3,248

746

1,223

1,279

1,382

1,666

2,695

451

739

1,206

1,25a

174,528

47,725

88,109

60,695

62,703

91,625

151,003

19,107

41,503

66,475

62,363
12 advancedata

Both the estimates in table 1 and the standard errors in

table II are provisional. They may differ slightly from

estimates made using the final data file because they were

calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that

does not adjust for all the factors used in weighting the

final data file. A final data file covering the entire data

collection period for 1988 will be available in 1989.

A number of measures of AIDS knowledge declined

slightly between 1987 and 1988. These small decreases may

reflect the effects of a methodological experiment that was

included in the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes during May, June, and

July. This experiment was designed to investigate two aspects of questionnaire design effect: the effect of varying

the order in which response categories were read to respondents and the effect of varying the order in which questions

or subparts of questions were asked. The experiment

involved comparison of four different versions of the

questionnaire, which were randomly assigned to respondents. In the first version, the response category order

and question order were identical to those used for

mmparable questions in the 1987 AIDS survey. In the

second version, the response category order was reversed;

in the third version, the question order was modified; and in

the fourth version, both the response category order was

reversed and the question order was modified. The

questions involved were numbers 21, 23, 24, 45-47, 61,

and 62.

Table IL Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of Al DS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, July 1988

Age sax Race Education

78-2s7 30-49 50 years Lass ttran More than

Estlmatad cement Tots/ years years and over Male Female White Black 12 years 12 years 12 yaars

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 i.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1

150r85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 2.2 1.7 i .3 1.3

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.5

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.6 1.0 1.6

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

1.6

2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 2.8 2.2 1.7 <.7

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 2.9 2.3 1.6 1.7

400r6Q. ., d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.2 3.0 2.? 1.8 1.8

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.8

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.8

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, D. A. Dawson.

AIDS knowledge and attitudes for July 1988,

Provisional data from the National Health Interview

Survey. Advance Data From Vital and Healrh

Statistics. No. 161. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 891250.

Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 162 (Rev.) ● January 31, 1989

Practice Patterns of the Office-Based Ophthalmologist,

National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1985

by Hugo Koch, Dlws!on of Health Care Statlstlcs

Introduction

In this report. the findings of the National Ambulatory

Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) are used to describe the practice patterns of office-based ophthalmologists over the 12-

month period from Nlarch 1985 through February 19S6. The

NAMCS limits itself to that portion of ambulatow care provided in the physician’s office. The National Center for Health

Statistics, which periodically conducts the survey, obtains the

NAMC S data base from a sample of non-Federal physicians

selected from the doctors of medicine and doctors of osteopathy

who are primarily engaged in office-based. patient-care practice throu+@tout the coterminous United States.

Because the estimates presented in this report are based on

a sample rather than on the entire universe of office \’isits, the

data are subject to sampling variability. The Technical notes at

the end of this report provide guidelines for judging the precision of the estimates. They also supply a brief description of

the sample design and a copy of the data collection instrument

Most Americans requiring eye care seek it among the

following professional providers:

. Ophthalmologists (or oculists)

● Other physicians [doctors of medicine or osteopathy)

● Optometrists

● Opticians

Figure 1 charts the scope of senices each group is qualified to

perform (Committee on Eye Care for the American People.

1987). Although a substmtial degree of overlappin~ is evident

among the four professional groups. ophthalmologists are the

PhWCIJflS

orher rhan

Serwce Ophthalmologists ophthalmologists Optometrists Opfm/ans

Diagnose system lcdrsease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x

Screen foreyedlsease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x x

Diagnose eyedwease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x (’)

Treat eyedlsease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x (’)

Perform eye surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Perform refraction to determme need for eyeglasses and contact

lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x

Prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x

Dwpense and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x x x

‘Laws !n cenaan Slates permdt optometrists to use drugs In dlagnos!s and treatment of eye dweme

SOURCE: Commttxee on Eye Care for the Amertcan People 1987 Eye Care for the Amer,can People San Franc sm Amer!can Academv Of Omtha mQ{%W

(Copyright 1987 Used w!rh the perm,ss,on of the American Academy of Oph~halmology I

Figure 1. Eye professionals and their scope of services

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Sem:ce . Centers fcr Disease Con:rol
achncechta

only e!c-care providers professionally and legally qualified to

dia.gno>e and treat all eye problems.

The last comprehensive survey of eye care conducted by

~he National Center for Health Statistics took place in 1979

and 19S0 (NCHS. 1984). A population-based surve~. it found

that about one of every three Americans made at least one eyecare visit during the 12 months prior to the interview. Fortythree percent of all visits for eye care were made to ophthalmologists. compared with 32 percent to optometrists and 16

percent to physicians other than ophthalmologists. Visits to

opticians or optical establishments accounted for most of the

remaining 9 percent of visits.

In 1985. office-based ophthalmologists constituted about

92 percent of all active. nonresident ophthalmologists (American Medical Association. 1986). The primary purpose of this

report is to describe the practice characteristics of these ofTcebased ophthalmologists. as derived from the estimaled 40.1

million office \’isits made to them o~er the suwey period. As a

secondary aim the report explores the role played by other

oflice-based physicians in the screening. diagnosis, and treatment of eye problems.

At appropriate points in the report. contrasts are made

with earlier NAMCS findings. This is done chiefly to assess

the possible impact on the ophthalmologists office practice

associated with the sometimes dramatic developments in eyecare requirements and delive~ that have occurred in the recent

past. Among these developments are the following:

● Population growth. especially the disproportionate increase

in the elderly subpopulation

● Expanding technologies of ambulatory ophthalmologic

care

. Reductions in episodes of hospitalization and in average

length of stay

● Competition with other eye-care professionals and the

grov-th of alternative systems of eye-care delivery

Data highlights

General

From March 1985 through Februa~ 1986. ophthalmologists \vithin the scope of the National Ambulato~ Medical

Care Sumey (NAMCS) accounted for an e>timated 40.062.000

office visits. about 173 visits for every 1.000 members of the

civilian noninstitutiona] ized population. In sheer number of

office visits. ophthalmologists \\ere second only to physicians

in the primary care specialties (table 1).

Betv. een 1980 and 1985. there was a 30-percent increase

in the number of visits to ophthalmologists. In the same time

span. there was a concomitant increase of about 20 percent in

the number of otlce-based ophthalmologists. resulting in 1985

in roughly 5 ophthalmologists for every 100.000 Americans.

About 83 percent of these ophthalmologists practiced

\vithin the limits of standard metropolitan statistical areas

(American Medical Association. 1986). accounting for 88 percent of the 40.1 million i’isits made to all ophthalmologists in

1985 (table 2). From the findings in table 2. it is clear that

ophthalmologists \vere not unique in their strong preference for

metropolitan practice: the preference was shared by most other

Table 1. Number and percent distribution of visits to office-based

physicians by physician specialty: United States, 1985

Spec{atty of off!ce-based phvsician Visits

All office-based physicians . . . . . . . .

General or fam!ly practice . . . . . . . .

Inxernal medlctne ..,.,.. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pedlatrlcs, . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . . . . . . . . . .

Obsfetr!cs and gynecology . . . .

Oohthaimolog}. . . . .

Ovhopeolc surgefi . . . . . . . . .

Genera l surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Psych lat~, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ololawngoiogv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Urological surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cardiovascular d[sease. . . . . . . . . .

Neurology ..,..,...,,,....,.. . . . . . . .

All other office-based phvsic!ans . . . .

Number

in Percent

thousands dwtr!butlon

—.

636,386 100.0

193,995 30.5

73,727 11,6

72,693 11,4

56,642 8.9

40,062 63

31,482 4.9

29,858 4.7

24,124 3,8

17,989 2.8

16,097 2.5

11,699 1.8

10,617 1.7

4,992 0.8

52,408 8.2

oflice-based specialists. Visit distributions in table 2 also indicate an abo~’e-average tendency for ophthalmologists to favor

solo practice over multiple-member practice forms. There is

evidence. however. of a trend away from solo practice. In

1975. multiple-member practice accounted for about 35 percent of visits to ophthalmologists: in 1985 the proportion was

42 percent.

Reasons for making an eye-care visit

A useful approach to understanding the clinical scope and

content of ophthalmologic office practice is first to examine the

reasons that motivated a person to visit an ophthalmologist.

These reasons are summarized as follows:

Percent of

Prmclpal reason for visit vism

All visits to the ophthalmologist (40,062,000) . . . 100.0

Visits due to abnormal appearance, sensation, or

function of the eye (symptom-motivated visits) ., . 41.6

Vwts to obtain diagnostic or screening services. t 20,5

Vwlts for an eye problem already diagnosed . . . . . 17.9

Vistts for a specific form of treatment. . . . . . . . . . . 14,9

Vlsns due to lnJurv or adverse effect . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6

Other (for example, vlstt to obtain test results) . . . 2.5

SOURCE National Center for Health Stat, st!cs. D Scllne,der L

4pplelon ana T McLemore 1979 A reason for VISII class the.s:, on

+or a~uu, s:or, care !Atai and Health Sratmr!cs Ser!es 2. No 78.

DHEW Pub No IPHSI 79-1352 Publ K Heal Ih Service

Washington U S Government Pr, nllng Otilce

Table 3 offers a listing of the symptoms or signs of

emerging eye problems that the ophthalmologist encountered

in office practice. When visits for eye injuries (cornea] abrasion. black eye. and so forth) are numbered with other symptommotivated visits. the list accounts for an estimated 16.7 million

symptom-moti~’ated visits. or about 44 percent of all visits LO

office-based ophthalmologists.

The 10 symptoms or signs that appear in table 3 also

motivated some 5.3 million visits to physicians other than

ophthalmologists. Thus. of a total of 22.0 million symptommotitated. eye-care visits. these practitioners—chiefly phy-
ackncedata 3

Table 2. Percent distribution of office visits by physician location and type of practice, according to physician specialty: United States. 1985

Locamm of pracr/cel Type of pracrfce

All Multiple

Specialty of office-based physlc!an Wslts Meuopoliran Vonmerropol[r3n solo memoer

Percent d]strlbution of JISIIS

Alloffice-based physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 79.6 20,4 509 49.1

General or famliy practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 64,9 351 548 45.1

internal medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 82.5 17.5 46,1 53.9

Pedlatrlcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 87.3 12.7 35.4 64.6

Obstetrics and gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 86.6 13.4 49.8 50.2

Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 88.3 11.7 580 42.0

Orthopedic surgew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 874 12,6 35.6 64.4

General surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 70.9 29,1 625 37.6

Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 93.5 6.5 8? 5 17.7

Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 96.6 3.4 72,5 27,4

0tolaryn90109y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 89.2 108 54,8 45,1

Cardiovascular disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 88.4 11.6 39.1 61,0

Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 86.7 11.3 39.9 60.1

Urological surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 84.8 15,2 387 61.3

Another off!ce-based physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 86.9 13.1 45,5 54.5

‘The term “melropolttan”’ denotes a wsn made wlthln a standard metropolitan stat!st!cal area

Table 3. Number and percent distribution of symptom-motivated

visits to office-based ophthalmologists by the symptoms or signs of

eye problems presented by patients United States, 1985

Symptom-motivated

Symptom or sign of eye probleml visits

Number

m Percent

thousands d[str[butlon

All eye symptoms or signs . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,734 100,0

Vmlon dysfunctions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,546 51.1

Abnormal sensations of the eye3 . . . . . . . 3,117 186

Symptoms not elsewhere classtftedd . . . . 1,265 7.6

Abnormal appearance of eyes. . . . . . . . . . 880 5.3

Symptoms of eyelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 5.2

Discharge from eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 3.7

Eye Injury (corneal abrasion, black eye,

and so forth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 2,7

Fore! gn body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 2.4

Eye InfectIon and Inflammation. . . . . . . . . 297 1.8

Abnormal eye movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 1.7

lBased on Nauonal Cenrer for Health Statm; ics, D, Schne!der, L. Appleton. and

T. McLemore. 1979. A reason for vis!t classrflcation for ambulator{ care [RVC]

Vxa/ arrd Hea/rh Sfat~stfcs. Series 2, No. 78 DHEW Pub No. IPHSI 79-1352

Pub!lc Health Sew!ce, Washlrrgton: U.S. Government Pnnong Office.

‘Blindness. d!rnln,shed vmo”, extraneous vuslon, ancj double wsmn, Excludes

refr3ctwe errors,

3PJ. n ltch!ng. burnung. and stra!n.

4Co~!ac1 lens problems. allergy. and swelllng,

sicians in primary-care practice— accounted for about 24 percent. as the following tabulation shows:

Percent 5f

Spec!aJry of the office-based phystc!an Vlslts

All symptom-motivated, eye-care vlslts

(22,020 .000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Ophthalmologw,ts, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0

Primary-care physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2

General or family practitioners . . ., . . . 12.6

Ped!atrlc!ans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7

Intern ists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9

Other office-based physlc[ans, . . . . . . . . . . . ., 48

Certain symptoms of eye problems v.’ere more likely than

others to be presented to the nonophthalmologi st. as the ‘indings in table 4 show. These generally were indicators of ..;ute

conditions (for example. eye injury. infection. or inflammation) that did not require the ophthalmologists expertise. lying

within the therapeutic reach of other physicians. At the 9 percent of these 5.3 million visits tvhere referral did occur. vision

dysfunction was usually involved. requiring more specialized

attention.

Diagnostic and screening activity

At 83 percent of their oflice visits. ophthalmologists

ordered or provided at least one diagnostic or screening procedure. The intensity of their screening function is e~ident in the

use of visual acuity tes[ing at 31.2 million (76 percent} of their

ofilce visits. It is interesting to note the degree to tvhich

ophthalmologists shared overall screening for visual acuity

with other ofllce-based specialists:

Percenr of

Spectalty of the off(ce-based phvs,c(an Vlslts

Visual acuity test!ng bv all offtce-based phvs[c!ans:

[40,945 .000 vls!tsl. . . . . . . . .,, ,. 100,0

Ophthalmologists . . . . . . . ,,, . . . . 761

Prtmary-care physlc;ans, . . . . . . .,, ... .,. l&2

General or faintly practmoners . . . . . . 8.5

Pedlatrlclans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

lnternwts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1

Obstetrlc!ans/gy necologwts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5

Other ofhce-based physlc!ans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7

Thus. physicians other than ophthalmologists were found to

test for visual acuity at 9.7 million of their office visits.

accounting for nearly 24 percent of this vital screening function.

Principal diagnoses and professional activities

The most precise and cogent descrip~ion of the clinical

content of the ophthalmologists office practice lic~ in the

formal diagnoses as>]:med b} the ~h} sician, T:ible 5 ,Iffcrs a
4 adwncedata

Table 4. Number of visits to all office-based physicians chtefly motivated by an active symptom or sign of an eye problem and percent

distribution of these visits by type of physlclan, according to specific eye symptom or sign: United States, 1985

Visits

Ali Other M.D.

office-based or D. O.

Symptom or s{gn of eye probleml physicians Ophthalmologists phy.sic\ans2

Number

in

thousands Percent dlstrlhutlon

Allsymptom-motwated v!sNs for eye care.... . . . . . . . . 22,020 76.0 24,0

Vtslondysfunctr ons~ ,, .,, ,,. . . ,, ,. . . . 9,266 92.2 7.8

Abnormal sensations of theeye4 ,,. ,,, ., . . . . . . . . . . . 4,170 74.8 25,2

Symptoms notelsew,here classlf!ed5 . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 63.9 36.1

Abnormal appearance of the eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627 54.1 45.9

Symptoms ofeyellds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238 69.7 30.3

Discharge from eye ., ..., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,175 53.2 46,8

Eyelnjury (black eye, cornea l abrasion, and so forth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 49.7 50.3

Foreign body . .,,,...., ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 58.1 ’41.9

Eye!nfectlon andlnflammatlon. . . . ,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 42,4 !j7,6

Abnormal eye movements. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “304 91.9 “8.1

lBased on Na[!onal Cenler for Healln Stal!sl!cs, D Schneider, L Appleton, and T McLemore 1979, A reason forvlslt classhcal!on for ambulatory care [RVC]. V/ta/

and Hea/th Srat)srlcs Series 2, No 78, DHEW Pub No (PHS) 79-1350 Publ!c Health Sewxce Wash! nglon U.S Government Prtntlng Of f!ce.

‘M D IS docloro$ medtc(ne DO IS rioctorof osteopathy

3Bllndness d!m(ntshed vtslon, extraneous vmon, and double wston Excludes refcactwe errors

4Paln, !tch!ng, burning and stra, n

5Con1ac! lens problems, allergy, and swell(ng

Table 5. Number and percent distribution of the23 principal diagnoses or professional activities most frequently rendered by office-based

ophthalmologists in rank order of frequency of mention: United States, 1985

ICD-9-CM

Rank Pnnc\paf dtagnos!s or other pro fess!onalactwt~of ophthalmologist codel Visits

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

~~

23

Allprlnclpal diagnoses or other contacts. ,.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cataract and cataract surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dworders of refract !onandaccommodat lon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Glaucoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherdmorders ofeye2, . . . . . . ,, ...,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disorders ofconjunct!va, . . . . . . . . . ...,,,.., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherret!nal dlsorders3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inflammat! onofeyeilds, ,,, . .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . .

Keratltls ...,,,.....,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flttlng and adjustment of spectacles and contact lenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Strabmmus and other disorders of b!nocular eye movements .,...., ,., . .,

O[abetes w!th ophthalmic mantfestatlons ... . . . . . ,. ...

Disorders oftrlsand cll!ary body ,.. . . . ,., ,,, ,, .,....., ... .

Corneal opacity and other disorders of cornea . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disorders oflacrlmal system.,, .,. . . .

Vtsualdlsturba nces4, ,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Superflctal ln)uryof eyeandadnexa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Observation and evaluation forsuspected conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fore! gnbodyon external eye ., ,,. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rettnal detachments and defects . . . . . . . .

Other disorders ofeyeltds, ,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenllal anomalles of eye ,..

Contusion ofeveandadnexa .,. . . . . . . .

Disorders of opttc nerve and visual pathways. .

Residual ., .,. ...,, .,. . ...4.

. . .

366; V43

367

365

379

372

362

373

370

V53

378

250.5

364

371

375

368

918

V71

930

361

374

743

921

377

,.

Number

in

thousands

40,062

8,085

8,058

4,207

2,610

2,231

1,631

1,227

783

773

705

661

546

512

511

444

411

368

355

350

321

200

179

171

4,723

Percent

distribution

100,0

20.2

20,1

10.5

6.5

5.6

4.1

3.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1,6

14

1,3

1,3

1.1

1,0

0.9

09

0.9

08

05

0,4

0.4

11,7

Cumuiatlve

percent

. . .

20.2

40.3

5(1.8

5:7.3

62.9

6:7.0

701

72.1

74.0

75,8

77,4

78.8

80.1

81 4

8.2.5

83.5

84.4

85.3

86.2

870

87.5

87.9

88.3

1000

‘Based on the /nrernar!ona/ C/ass! f:cat!on of Diseases, 9rh Rev!s/on, Cim!ca/ Mod!,f/car,on (ICO-9-CM} The V code subclass tf]callon IS provided for occastons when

c!rcumslances other than a a,sease or Injury class tf!able 10 categonas 001-999 (the ma, n body of lhe ICD) are recordad as diagnoses” or ‘pro blems. ”

‘Sclerllls and eplsclerms orher d,sorders of sclera d,sorders of wlreous body aphak, a and o!her disorders of lens, anomalles of puptllary fuDCtlOn, nyslagmus and

olher !rregu!ar eve mo. emen!s and o!her spec, fted and unspeclf[ed d,sorders

3Chlefly macular degenerar, on

4Amblyop, a s,ub, ec!,ve L,s”a> dzslurbances d,u, op!a olher d,sorders of b,nocular VIS!O” v,sual f,eld objects color vm, on de f,c]encles, n!ghl bl!ndness, and of her

Spectfled and unspecl+, ec! d,so,aers
admncedata 5

ranked listing of the 23 first-listed (principal) diagnoses or professional procedures rendered by otllce-based ophthalmologists.

The list accounts for S8 percent of their oflice practice. Prominent are the vision problems and procedures associated with

ad} ancing age: for example. glaucoma. cataract. artificial lens

replacement. and macular degeneration—a reminder that the

largest single proportion (44 percent) of visits to ophthalmologists were made by patients 65 years old and over. The lists in

table 6 further illustrate the substantial extent to which the

patient’s age affected the clinical content of ophthalmologic

office practice. For example. diagnoses of disorders of refraction and of conjunctival, the first-ranked diagnoses among

patients under 65 years of age. are supplanted by cataract and

glaucoma in the age group 65 years and over.

Of the diagnoses listed in tables 5 and 6. physicians other

than ophthalmologists were chiefly involved with twr+disorders

of the conjunctival and supertlcial injuries of the eye and

adnexa. They treated about 50 percent of the conjunctival disorders and 55 percent of the injuries. General practitioners.

family physicians, and pediatricians accounted for most of

this effort.

Table 7 offers selected comparisons between the clinical

content of ophthalmologists’ office practices in 1985 and that

of 1980. Over this period, the most noteworthy change in

diagnostic mix resulted from the virtual doubling of the percent

of visits for cataract and cataract surgery. These dramatic

increases were chiefly the result of an expanding technology in

ambulatory ophthalmologic care that. in this interval alone,

produced an 84-percent increase in the number of visits at

\vhich ambulatory surgical procedures \vere provided or ordered

in the course of the office visit. Of the total 1.5 million visits for

ambulatory surgical procedures made in 1985 to otllce-based

ophthalmologists. the largest single proportion (about 31 percent) involved cataract surgery.

The 1980-85 gro\vth in ambulatory eye surgery was predictably accompanied by a concurrent decrease in the eye surgery performed in the inpatient setting. Findings from a survey

of the nation”s shofi-stay. non-Federal hospitals reveal that eye

operations performed on inpatients declined in total number

from 1.050.000 in 1980 to 718.000 in 1985. A significant part

of this decrease was the reduction of lens extractions by more

than one half. from 467.000 extractions in 1980 to 211.000 in

1985 (NCHS, 1980 and 1985).

In 1985. as in 1980. determining and correcting errors of

refraction and accommodation (ICD-9-CM codes 367 and

V53, table 7) continued in sheer volume to dominate the

clinical content of oftlce-based ophthalmology. Treated as the

principal problem or procedure associated with a visit, this

activity accounted for one-fifth of visits to ophthalmologists in

both years. (In 1985. a checkbox for “corrective lenses” was

added to the data collection form (item 13. figure I. Technical

notes). Its intent was to probe for all activities associated with

the prescription, provision. or fitting of corrective lenses.

whether or not they were the principal activities of the visit.

Table 6. Number and percent distribution of the 10 principal diagnoses most frequently rendered by office. based ophthalmologists in rank

order of frequency of mention, according to patient age groups under 65 years of age and 65 years of age or over: United States, 1985

Rank

ICD-9-CM

Princ!pal dtagnosis (rankedl code’ Vlslts

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Vlsttsby pattents under 65 yearsof age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

Disorders ofrefractlon andaccommodatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,

Dmorders ofconjuctwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cataract and cataract surgery,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Glaucoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inflammation of eyelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

Otherdlsorders ofeye2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Strabismus and other dworders of b!nocular vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . .

Keratms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherretlnal dtsorders3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Olabetes wlthophthalmtc manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . ., .,.,,,,..,,,,,,.

Visltsby pat!ants 65years of age And over.....,..........,.. . . . . . . . .

Cataract and cataract surgery, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Glaucoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other dworders ofeyez ...,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherretjnal dtsorders3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Olsorders ofrefractlon andaccommodatton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disorders ofconluncttva .,,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inflammation of eyelids.,,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disorders oflacrlmal system ..., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ,,, ,,, ,,,

Keratitjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ..,., . . .

Diabetes w!thophthalmlc manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,. .,

367

372

366, V43

365

373

379

378

370

362

2505

366; V43

365

379

362

367

372

373

375

370

2505

Number

m

thousands

Percent

d!strrbut]on

Cumulatwe

percent

22,500

6992

1,792

1 492

1 471

895

8913

652

539

502

435

17,562

6,593

2.736

1.720

1,129

1,066

439

331

250

244

225

1000

31,1

80

66

65

40

40

29

24

22

19

1000

375

156

9.8

6.4

61

2.5

1,9

14

1.4

1.3

.,,

31 1

39.1

457

522

560

600

62.9

65.3

675

684

. .

37,5

53.1

629

69.3

754

77.9

79,8

81.2

82.6

83.9

‘ Based on the internarro”a] cjassffjca~jo” of DJSe=SeS, gth ReVIS{ On, CI,ntcaI &f~d,ffcat!on (I CD-9-CM I The V code subclass, flcal,on IS provided for occas!ons when

Clrcumsla”ces other ~ha” a dlseaSe or ,“j”~ cla Ss,f, able to cateqor, es (JOI -999 {the ma, ” par! of [he ICf)) are recorded as d,agr,ses ,ar Problems

2SClerlt1S and eplsclerLtIs, Qxher d,s~rders of sclera, d,sOrders of vl~re~~s body, a~hak(a and Ofher dlSOrders of lens anornal,es O, “LD,,13P, func:, on nks. aqmus and

other Irregular eye movements. and other spec!fred and unspec, fted drsorders,

3Chle fly macular degeneration,
6 admncedata

Table 7. Number and percent d!stribut(on of selected diagnoses and other professional activities of the ophthalmologist: United States, 1985

and 1980

Visrts

ICD-9–CM

Prmctpald/agnos/s orother pro fess)onat act!v!tyof ophrhalmolog!sr codel 1985 ?980

Number Number

In Percent m Percent

thousands dlstribut!on thousands dlstrlbutlon

Allvtslts. . . . . . . . . . . . .

.—

. 40,062 100.0 30,810 100.0

Disorders of refraction ano accommodation. 367 8,058 20,1 6,217 20.2

F!ftlng and adjustment of contacl lenses and spectacles. . V53 773 1,9 627 2.0

C5tara:l anc cataraci surgery. ,. 366, V43 8,085 20.2 3,384 109

Glaucoma . . ., ,. 365 4,207 10.5 3,257 10.6

D!sorders of conjunclwa 372 2,231 5.6 1,565 51

Other retinal disoroers(chlefly macular degeneration) . 362 1,631 4.1 779 2.5

‘Eased on the Inrern.ar!onal Class/f/car(on of D{seases. 9th RevIsIon, CIImcal Mod!f!cat/on [ICD-9-CM). The V code subclasstftcatlon is prowded for occasmns when

circumstances other than a dmease or Injury class! flable to categories 001 -999 (the ma!n part of the ICDI are recorded as “diagnoses’< or”’problems. ”

Findings reveal that this professional function was exercised at

10.4 million visits or about 26 percent of all visits to ophthalmologists. )

To receive their share of the market in these basic. visioncare procedures. ophthalmologists had to contend with other

eye-care professionals: for example. with optometric visioncare plans (VCP”s). Itisre\)ealing tonotethat therate per pop

ulation of the basic. vision-care visits to the ophthalmologist

(I CD-9-CM codes 367 and V53. table 7) did not diminish bet~veen 1980 and 1985, varying from roughly 32 visits per

1.000 members of the civilian noninstitutionalized population

in 1980 to 38 visits per 1.000 in 1985. (On the other hand. this

apparent growth is not statistically significant. )

Patient characteristics

The preceding findings have demonstrated that problems

associated with the aging process (for example. cataracts,

glaucoma. and macular degeneration) accounted for a very

substantial part of the ophthalmologist’s office practice. It is

not surprising, then. to find that 44 percent—the largest single

proportion of visits to ophthalmologists-were made by patients

over 64 years of age (table 8). Indeed. few specialties rivaled

ophthalmology in their involvement \vith this expanding subpopulation. (Bet\\een 1980 and 1985. the total civilian population gre~v by 7 percent. the 65-plus population by a disproportionate 13 percent. )

Visits by females outnumbered visits by males in about the

same 6 to 4 ratio that characterized all office practice (table 8).

However. the o~erall visit rate per 1.000 population (203 for

females versus 140 for males) was significantly higher for

female patients. The apparently higher rate for females over 64

years of age in contrast with males in [his age group is not

statistically significant.

Table 9 presents visit distributions by race and ethnic

origin of patients. contrasting ophthalmologis~s with all offlcebased physicians.

Referral and prior visit status

Findings in table 10 reveal the follo~$’ing

● An abet’e-ai erage proportion of! isits to ophthalmologists

(23 percent) \!ere made b> nelv patients.

● Also above average. at 7 percen~ was the proportion of

visits referred by other physicians -(doctors of medicine

or osteopathy).

. Approximately 16 percent of visits to ophthalmologists,

therefore. were either self-directed walk-ins or referrals

from sources other than doctors of medicine or osteopathy.

Among the most-visited specialties, only dermatologists

matched this proportion.

. For every new problem presented to the office-based

ophthalmologist (that is, any problem presented by a new

patient along with any new problem presented by an old

one), there were an average of two return visits (visits by

old patients for old problems).

Table 8. Percent distribution of visits to all office-based

physicians and ophthalmologists and number of visits to

ophthalmologists per 1,000 population by sex and age of patient

United States, 1985

Visits to

all office-based Visits to

Sex and age of patient physicians ophthalmologists

Number

per 1,000

Both sexes Percent dk.tribudon populatlonl

——

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100,0 176

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . 18.7 7.6 59

15-44 years, , . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 24,5 89

45-64 years,.. . . . . . . . . 21.6 24.2 219

65 years and over . . . . . . . 20.5 43.8 652

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 21.0 507

75 years and over . . . . . 8.7 22.8 885

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 60.7 203

Under 15 years. . . . 9.1 3.8 61

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 13,7 98

45-64 years, ., .,..,.... 12.9 14,3 248

65 years and over ., . 12.5 28.9 728

Male, . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.3 140

Under 15 years ., 9.5 3.7 57

15-44 years... . . . . 12.9 10,7 112

45-64 years..,.,....,,, 8.7 9.8 187

65 years and over 8.0 15.0 543

‘ Rates are based on estlma~e$ of the clvlllan nonlnslmJllonal lzed population of

the Untted Stares axclud, ng Alaska and Hawa,l, as of July 1, 1985
dwlmedata ——7

Table 9. Number of ofkice visits to all physicians and to

ophthalmologists and percent distribution by race and Hispanic

origin of patient United States, 1985

Vis/ts

Race and Hispamc origin All

of pat)enf physicians Ophthalmologtsrs

Number In thousands

Allws!ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636,386 40,062

Percent dlstrlbut!on

.AIlvlslts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0

Race

Whit e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.0 91 6

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 6.1

Other’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.3

Htspanlc orlgln

Hlspanlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.0

Non- Hlspan!c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.6 93.0

‘Astan, Paclflc Islander, Amer!can lnd!an. or Alaskan Nawe,

Drug utilization

Tables 1 I and 12 explore the utilization of drugs by otlicebased ophthalmologists (see item 4. Technical notes. figure I).

Table 11 lists the agents most frequently prescribed or pr~

vialed. The 25 listed in table 11 accounted for two-thirds of

drug mentions by ophthalmologists. Table 12 gathers the 25.8

miHion mentions into therapeutic classes. Among the 20.5

million drugs classified as eye preparations. three subclasses

were dominant. These were miotics. anti-infective agents. and

anti-inflammatory agents. The use of products combining the

latter two classes is commotx for example. Maxitrol. Blephamide. Vasocidin, Poly-Pred. and Neodecadron.

Physicians other than ophthalmologists also made use of

the eye preparations, accounting for about 7 million mentions.

or 25 percent of all the utilization of this class in office practice. Mos[ of this nonophthalrnologist utilization u w the ctl’m-t

of the general or family practitioner ( 10 percent) ond the

pediatrician (5 percent). With feu exceptions. these practitioners cotdlned drug utilization to anti- infwti~c and antiinflammatory agents.

Selected sources of payment

The ophthalmologists. sources of payment are examined

in table 13. In their reimbursement by Medicaid. Blue Cross/

Blue Shield. and other commercial insurance. or in their

arrangements with prepayment plans. ophthalmologists w’ere

below the averages found for all otlke practice. Among the

sources tabulated in table 13. their majiw single source of

expected payment— at 32 percent of their visits—was through

the Medicare program. a predictable tinding in Jiw of the fact

that such a large proportion of their patients \vere over 64 years

of age. Only internists and specialists in cardiovascular diwasc

could ri~al this proportion. In 1983. it is notewwthy that

ophthalmologists accounted for the second largest share— 10.4

percent— of the 15.9 billion dollars in Medicare-approved

charges for physicians. services (Committee on Eye Care for

the American People. 1987 ).

Ophthalmologists exceeded the other most-visited specialties in se~ices rendered free of charge (at 5 percent of otlke

visits). This creditable. pro bono action appeared to occur

chiefly at visits for routine measurement and correction of refractive errors, services not normally reimbursed by third-party

programs. including Medicare.

Disposition and duration

At 70 percent of otlice visits. ophthalmcdogihts instructed

patients to return at a specified time. well tkcwding the

average use of this instruction in m erall office practice t table

14). Ophthalmologists were below a~erage in their tendency to

rely on the more tentati~ e forms of follow up. such tis re[urn if

needed and telephone contact.

Ophthalmologists in 1985 resorted to hospitalization at

only 280.000 (0.7 percent) of their ofticc visits. down 60 perTable 10. Percent of office visits resulting from referral by another physician and percent distribution of office visits by prior wsit status of

patients, according to specialty of physician: United States, 1985

Pat[ent Prior vIsIt status

referred

by another Ail Old pat(enr 010 ~ar,enr,

Specialty of office-based physician Dhvstclan Vtstts New pat[ent new rxoblern old !JrcIO/eM

Percent of

Vlstts Percent ,i18strt)til#0n

All office-based physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 100.0 16.9 ~~ 7 604

General or famllypractlce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 100,0 14,1 32.6 533

Internal medlc]ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 100.0 153 22,9 61 8

Pediatrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1000 12,8 403 470

Obstetrics andgynecOIOgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 100,0 14,2 21 3 645

Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 100,0 23.3 10,5

Orthopedic surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66 ~

13.8 100,0 25.4

General surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 682

137 100,0 21 4 17,9 607

Dermatology, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 1000 260 119 62 1

Psych tarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1000 78 “o 9 91 2

Otolaryngology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,3 100.0 310 106 584

Cardiovascular dwease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 1000 117 10,2 782

Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 100.0 31 7 5? ~~ 1

Urological surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 100C) 21,9 ~6

Another offtce-based physlc[ans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ..., . . . . . . . . .

72 5

95 1000 188 96 -.,6
8 ahmcedm

Table 11. The 25 drugs {and their generic components) most frequently utilized by ~phthalmolog!sts in ofhce practice by rank, number of

mentions, and therapeutic use: United States, 1985

— —.

Number

m

Rank Entry name of drug’ thousands Therapeutic use

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

All drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tlmoptlc(tlmolol) . . . . . . . . . .

Maxnrol (dexamethasone, neomycin, polymlxln B). . . . . .

Pred-Forte [predn!solone, sodium b!sulflte} . . . . . . . . . . .

Prlocarpine . . . . . . . . . . . .,

FML Liqwf!lm (fluorometholone), ,.. . .,. ,.. ,..

Tobrex Ophthalmic (tobramycln)

Proplne (d!p!vefrin). .,..,.... ,. ,. ,, .,.

Blephamlde fsulfacetamlde, prednlsolone) .

Mydnacyl (hydracrylamtde, troplcam!de, blstropamlde) . . . . ., ., .

Tears Naturale (benzalkonlum chloride, sodium edetate) . . . . . . . . .,

Garamycln (gentamycln) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neo-Synephrlne (phenylephrlne). . ,. .,, ,, . . . . . . . .

Inflamase (prednlsolone) .,, . . . ,,. ,,. . ,. ,,, .

Neosponn (poiymtxln B, bacltracln zinc, neomyc!n) . . .

Decadron (dexamethasone) ..,,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dlamox(acetazolamf de)., .,.,,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vasocldln (prednlsolone, sulfacetamlde} . ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Poly-Pred (predntsolone, neomycin, polym,x!n B), ., , ., . . . . . . .

Neptazane (methazolamlde), . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate) .,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Atroplne, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naphcon-A (naphazoilne, phenlramtne maleate) . . . ., . . . .

Pllo(pilocarpln e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homatroplne. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neodecadron (dexamethasone, neomycin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25.820

3.588

1,627

1,557

1,107

948

930

812

740

672

520

46B

441

403

401

396

364

312

300

267

258

252

248

245

209

205

. .

Glaucoma therapy

Ant!-infective, anti-!nfiatmmatory

Anti-inflammatory

Mlot[c, cholrnerglc

Anti-lnflamma!ory

Anti-lnfect!ve

Glaucoma therapy

Ant[-!nfect[ve, ant!-inflammatory

Mydnat!c

Artlftclal tears and lubricant

Anti-lnfectwe

Vasoconstrlctor and mydrlatlc

Ant!-inflammatory

Anti-lnfectlve

Anti-inflammatory

Carbonic anhydrase !nhlbitor

Anti-lnflammatov, anti-infective

Anti-inflammatory, antt-tnfacttve

Carbonic anhydrase (nhlb!tor

Cyclopleglc and mydrlatlc

Cyclopleglc and mydnatlc

Ocular decongestant, antlhmtam!ne

MIotIc

Cyclopleg!c and mydrlatrc

Anti-inflammatory, anti-in’fect!ve

lThe trade or generrc name usad by the physlclan on the prescnptjon or other medical records The use of trade names IS for Ident!flcauon only and does noc Imply

endorsement by the Publlc Health Serv!ce or lhe U S Department of Health and Human Serwces

Table 12. Number and percent distribution of drug mentions of

ophthalmologists in office practice by drug class: United States,

19s5

Number

m Percent

Drug class) thousands dfstributjon

Total ...,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Systemic anti-lnfectwe agents, . . . . .

Anti biotlca . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Autonomic drugs, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cardiovascular drugs.,....,.. . . .

System icanalgeslcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsteroldal anti-inflammatory

agents . . . . . . . . . .

Electrolytic and water balance agents

Eyepreparatrons. .

Ant! -lnfectwes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Antlblotlcs .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Antwlrals ..,...... . . . . .

Sulfonamides . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anti-inflammatory agents.

Carbonic anhydrase Inh!bllors

Mlotlcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mydrlat!cs. , . . . ,. . . . . . . .

Vasoconstrlctors . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other eye preparatlons2

Hormones and synthet!c substances

System!c cort!costeroids .

Skin and mucous membrane agents.

Anti- lnfectwes ... ,, ..,., ,.

Other or undetermined, .,

25.820

1,078

1,026

117

243

367

212

169

20,516

5,970

3,938

199

1,653

3,185

657

5,663

2.388

1,113

1,540

763

689

612

533

1,955

100.0

4,2

4.0

0.5

09

1.4

08

0.7

79,5

23.1

153

OB

64

123

25

21 9

9.3

4,3

6,0

30

27

24

21

76

‘Based on American HospI Ial Formu!aw Se!v!ce 1985 Drug Producr information F//e San Bruno, Cal[f The Amer! can Blue Book Da!a Center

‘Chiefly Iubr, caflts and arltfmal Iears

cent from the 711.000 admissions (at 2.3 percent of visits)

ordered in 1980. confirming a trend toward reduced hospitalization that occurred during this period.

About 36 percent of all office contacts with the ophthalmologist lasted longer than 15 minutes as opposed to the 29

percent found for overall office practice (table 14). The median

duration of a visit to an ophthalmologist was about 14.5

minutes, exceeding the overall median duration by about 1

minute.

Summary

In 1985. ophthalmologists within the scope of NAMCS

accounted for 40.1 million office visits. about 173 visits per

1.000 members of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Between 1980 and 1985 there was a 30-percent increase

in the number of visits to off]ce-based ophthalmologists and a

pronounced shift in patient age and diagnostic mix toward the

group 65 years old and o~er. Factors contributing directly or

indirectly to these developments were as follows:

A 7-percent increase in the overall population.

A 13-petwent increase in the population 65 years old

and over.

A reduction in hospitalization for eye problems. (Admissions to hospitals by ophthalmologists fell by 60 percent

and inpatient eye surgew declined b}’ at least one-third-)

Shorter lengths of stay for hospital inpatients. from 7.3

days in 1980 to 6.4 days in 1985 (NCHS. 1987a).
advancedata 9

Table 13. Percent distribution of office visits by selected sources of payment, according to physician specialty: United States, 1985

Selected sources of payment’

Orher HMO

All Blue Cross/ commercial prepa]d

$oec!alty of office-based physic!an Vlslts Medicare Medlca!d Blue Sh!eld Insurance plan: No charge

Percent d!str!but!on of wstts

Allofflce-based physlc!ans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 16.6 7.6 12.6 20.5 9.1 1.8

General or famllypractlce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 14.7 10.5 9.4 14.9 10.1 1.0

Intern almedlclrre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 33.6 5.0 15.5 16,8 13,3 0.9

Ped]atrlcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 9.1 6.1 15.3 14.0 1.0

Obstetrics and gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.7 6.4 15.4 30.4 6.9 2.8

Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 32.0 5.8 11.0 12.6 5.0 4.9

Orthopedic surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 13:0 4.1 163 36,4 7.1 1.7

General surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 241 10.7 170 245 84 3.7

Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 13.5 3.0 16,7 25.6 70 2.4

Psych iatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 5.6 6.1 16.1 29.0 47 1.3

OtolaTngology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 12.1 5.5 13.1 21.7 4.9 2.5

Card! ovascular dwease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 41.5 3.2 21.5 25.5 2.4 1.4

Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 20.3 6.8 11.6 31.1 6.1 0.7

Urological surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0 30.8 4.5 20.4 25.6 6.0 2.8

All other office-based physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.0 5.6 16.4 28.2 5.7 2.9

‘W!ll not sum to 100.0 because not all Pavment sources are tdent!fzed and more than 1 source of payment may be ap~”:ed at a gwen VISII.

‘HMO IS health ma!rrtenance orgamzatlon

Table 14. Number of office visits to all physicians and to

ophthalmologists and percent distribution by disposition and

duration of the visit United States, 1985

All

Disposttton and durat!on of visit ph ysiclans Ophthalmologists

Allvlslts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allvlslts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dlsposmonl

No followup planned. . . . . . . . . . . .

Return at speclfled t!me . . . . . . . . .

Return jf needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Telephone followup planned . . . . .

Referred to other phys[c!an . . . . . .

Returned to referring phys!clan . . .

Admltto hospnal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ouratlon

Om\nute: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-5 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-10 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-15 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-30 m!nutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31 mtnutes And over . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of ws!ts m thousands

636,386 40,062

Percent dwtrtbutlon

100.0 100,0

9.8

61.5

22.9

4.0

3,2

0.8

1,6

0,5

8.1

69.9

18.9

1.2

1.5

1.0

0.7

0.7

2.3 0.3

10.3 10,1

285 25.6

300 27.7

22.7 29.7

6.3 6.7

Because more than 1 dlspos!ttion IS poss,ble for a VISIL per,.ents v-all not total

100

~Den@tes LISItS at which there was no face-to-lace corrtacT I elween phys!clan

dnd Datlenl

● Expanding technologies in ambulatory ophthalmic surgery, causing an 84-percent increase in those visits to

office-based ophthalmologists which involved eye surgery.

Physicians in specialties other than ophthalmology—chiefly

general practitioners. family practitioners. or pediatricians—

made substantial contributions to the Nation-s eye care:

● They accounted for 24 percent of all symptom-motivated

eye-care visits. treating without referral about 50 percent

of the conjunctival disorders and 55 percent of supefilcial

injuries to the eye or adnexa.

. They performed 24 percent of all screening tests for visual

acuity and ordered or provided 25 percent of all ophthalmic

drugs that were utilized.

Symbols

--- Data not available

.,. Catego~ not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

*

Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with confidentiality requirements
10 ackincedata

References

American Medical Association. Department of Data Release Sen’ices.

Division of Survey and Data Resources. 1986. Ph,~sician Churuc(e)is[ics

and Dismiburion, 1986 Edifion.

Committee on Eye Care forthe American People, 1987. E~,eCareJor[/re

Arnen”cunPeopk San Francisco American Academy of Ophthalmology,

National Center for Health Statistics. D. Schneider. L. .Appleton. and

T. McLenrore. 1979. A reason for visit classification for ambulatory

care. Vi[a/ and Hea/ih .S/afisfics. Series 2. No. 78. DHEW Pub IVo.

(PHS) 79–1352. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S Government Printing OfIce.

National Center for Health Statistics. 1980 and 1985. National Hospital

Discharge Suney, Unpublished findings.

National Center for Health Statistics. G, S. Poe. 1984. Eye care viws and

use of eyeglasses or contact lenses United States. 1979 and 1980. 1‘i(a/

Technical notes

Source of data and sample design

The information presented in this report is based on data

collected by means of the National Ambulatory Medical Care

Survey (N AMCS) from March 1985 through February 1986.

The target universe of NAMCS includes office visiis made

within the coterminous United States by ambulatory patients

to nonfederally employed physicians principally engaged in

otlice practice. The specialties of anesthesiology. pathology.

and radiology are excluded. as are any telephone contacts and

nonoffice visits.

The NAMCS utilizes a multistage probability sample

design that involves a sample of primary sampling units.

physicians’ practices within primary sampling units, and patient

visits within physicians” practices. Physician specialty was

used as a stratification variable. For 1985. a sample of 5.032

non-Federal. oftlce-based physicians was selected from master

tiles maintained by the American Medical Association and the

American Osteopathic Association. Of the 4.10-1 in-scope

physicians. 70 percent responded to the 1985 NAhlCS.

For the 1985 study. ophthalmologists were included as a

separate sampling stratum. From this stratum. 522 ophthalmologists were selected of these. 469 were in scope and 346

responded to the study. a response rate of 74 percent. The

1985 NAMCS sample was different from that used in earlier

NAMCS surveys. which had included ophthalmology in the

same sampling stratum as ““other surgical specialties.”’ The

increase in physician sample size and the modification of the

sampling design in 1985 had the ef~ect of improving reliability

of survey estimates for ophthalmologists relative to earlier data

years.

Sample physicians were asked to complete Patient Records

(figure I) for a systematic random sample of oflice visits taking

place during a randomly assigned 1-week reporting period. Responding physicians completed a total of 71.594 Patient Records.

of these Pauent Records. 9.428 were completed by responding

a~TdHea/f/l .Sfatis/icf. Series 10. No. 145. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) W1573. Public Heakh Ser. ice. Washington U.S. Go\ emment Printing

Office.

National Center for Health Statistics. A. J. Moss and M. A. Moien.

1987a_ Recent declines in hospitalization United States, 1982-86, .-tdI,ance Da~a From [’i/a/ and Heahh Sfa~isfics. No. 140, DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 87–1 250. Public Health Senice. Washington: U.S. Gu, cmmcnt

Printing Office.

Nattonal Center for Health Stmistics. T McLcmore and J. DcLozw.

1987b 1985 Summary National Ambulato~ Medical Care Sun ey.

Adrancc DuIa From I “italand Heal{}? Stafis[ics. No. 128. DH HS Pub.

No. (PHS) 87-1250. Public Health Sewice. Washington: U.S. Go\enrment Printing Office.

ophthalmologists. Characteristics of the physicians practice.

such as primary specialty and type of practice. were obtained

during an induction intervie~v. The National Opinion Research

Center. under contract to the National Center for Health

Statistics. was responsible for the data collection and processing operations during the survey.

Sampling errors

The standard error is primarily a measure of the sampling

variability that occurs by chance because only a sample. rather

than an entire universe. is surveyed. The relative standard

error of an estimate is obtained by dividing the standard error

by the estimate itself and is expressed as a percent of the

estimate. For approximate relative standard errors of aggregate

estimates based on all specialties, see McLemore and DeLozier

(NCHS. 1987b). Approximate relative standard errors for

aggregate estimates of visits to ophthalmologists are showm in

table I. Approximate relative standard errors for aggrega[e

estimates of drug mentions made by ophthalmologists are

shown in table II.

Tests of significance and rounding

In this report the determination of statistical significance is

based on a two-sided I-test ~vith a critical value of 1.96 (0.05

level of confidence), Terms relating to differences. such as

..greater than.. or ‘less than... indicate that the differences are

statistically significant. In the tables. estimates of office visits

have been rounded to the nearest thousand. Consequently.

estimates will nol always add to totals.

NOTE: A 11.I of ret’ercnccs Follows ~hc Ie\[
admncedata 11

Figure 1. 1985 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Patient Record (chief data collection form}
12 advam?data

Table 1. Approximate relative standard errors of estimated

numbers of office visits to ophthalmologists: National Ambulatory

Medical Care Survey, 1985

Estimated number of office vIsIts Relatjve standard

!n thousands error in percent

100, ,,, ,. .,,., ,,, ,,. ,,, 333

200 239

Table il. Approximate relative standard errors of estimated

numbers of drug mentions during visits to ophthalmologists:

National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1985

Est/mared number of drug merrf!ons Relative standard

m thousands error in percent

.—— —

400 17,4 400 ,, .,.,,

800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :: ;,,.. : :...;.’, 130 800 . :.;::.;..::;::. ‘,::;

1,000, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,., 119 1,000 .,.,.., ., ,, : ..,..,...

2,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2,000, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . ,. ,,, ., 7,4

10,000, ,, ...,.,,,,

5,000 . . . . . . .

66 10,000, . . . . . . .

40,000 ... ,,, ,,, , ;,:”;;;,,:’ :“:::; 60 25,000. ., ::”: ‘:::

73

3.4

2 5

() 5

9,0

8.5

8.2

EXAMPLE OF USE OF TABLE An aggregate es!lma[e of 1,500,000 vIs Its to EXAMPLE OF USE OF TABLE An aggregate esltmate of 1,500,000 drug

ophthalmologists has a relatwe standard error of 10.6 percent, or a standard ment[ons during wslts to ophthalmologists has a relatjve standard error of 11 5

error of 159,000 VISIIS (10,6 percent of 1,500,000), percent, or a standard error of 172,500 drug mentmns (1 1.5 percent of

1,500,000},

Recent Issues of Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics

No. 161. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for July 1988 (Issued No. 158. Office Visits to Neuroiogis,s: 1985 (Issued July 12.

October 13. 1988) 1988)

No. 160. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for May-June 1988 No. 157. Health of the Foreign Born Population: United States.

(Issued September 16, 1988) 1985-$6 (Issued June 13, 1988)

No. 159. 1987 Summary National Hospital Discharge Survey

(Issued September 28, 1988)

Suggested citation

Nattonal Center for Health Statlstlcs, H. Koch.

1989, Practice patterns of the office-based

ophthalmologist, National Ambulatory Med(cal

Care Survey, 1985, Advance Data From Viral

and Hea/th Stat) sr/cs No. 162.DHHS Pub

No (PHS) 89-1250 Publlc Health Service

Hyattsvllle, Md.

Copyright information

The National Center for Health Stat/sttcs has

obtained permlss!on from the copyright hulders

to reproduce certain quoted ma!ertal In this

report. Further reproduction of this material IS

prohlbtted without spec!flc permission of the

copyright holders. All other ma!erlal contatned In

the report IS (n the cubltc doma[n and may be

used and reprln red ...tthou< special perrn!ssl on;

cltat!on as to source. however, IS apprecmted.
—.- ....—

From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 163 ● December 15, 1988

AIDS Knowledgeand lktitucies: August1988

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph. D., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has included

a special set of supplemental questions on the adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The first AIDS Knowledge and

Attitudes Survey was in the field from August through

December 1987. Provisional results of that survey were

published on a monthly basis in Advance Data for Vital and

Health Statistics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153). During

the first 4 months of 1988, the NHIS AIDS questionnaire

was revised to meet current program needs for information

about HIV/AIDS awareness. The revised AIDS Knowledge

and Attitudes Survey entered the field in May 1988.

Provisional findings for May, June, and Ju1y, the first 3

months of data collection with the new questionnaire, were

published in Advance Data for V?tal and Heaith Statistics,

Nos. 160 and 161. This report presents provisional findings

for August 1988, comparing results with those obtained 1

year earlier in the baseline survey of August 1987.

The Advance Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

surveys have been restricted to simple descriptive statistics

to facilitate their timely release. Thus, these reports do not

attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in knowledge about HIV and AIDS or to

examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risk. The 1987 and 1988

NHIS AIDS data bases will permit more complex analyses

than those presented in this series of reports, and such

analyses are being undertaken by various groups in the

Public Health Service.

The AIDS questionnaires were designed to estimate

public knowledge and attitudes about HIV transmission

and prevention of HIV infection. The data were needed as

input for the planning and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for monitoring major educational

efforts, for example, the series of radio and television public

service announcements entitled “America Responds to

AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding AIDS,” both

developed by the Centers for Disease Control.

The 1987 and 1988 AIDS questionnaires were developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and

interagenq working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of [he

Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The

working groups included representatives from the Centers

for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; [he

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration;

and the Health Resources and Semites Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AIDS information; self-assessed level of AIDS

knowledge; basic facts about HIV and how it is transmitted;

blood donation experience; awareness of and experience

with the blood test for HIV detection; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures; self-assessed chances

of becoming infected with HIV; personal acquaint ante wi[h

persons with AIDS or HIV; and willingness to take part in

a proposed national seroprevalence survey. A general risk

behavior question, similar to that asked by the Red Cross of

potential blood donors, is included in the 1988 AIDS

questionnaire.

This report presents provisional data for August 1988

for most items included in the AIDS questionnaire. Table 1

displays percent distributions of persons 18 years of age and

over by response categories according to age, sex, race, and

education. In most cases, the actual question asked of the

respondent is reproduced verbatim in table 1 along with the

coded response categories. In a few cases, questions or

response categories have been rephrased or combined for

clearer or more concise presentation of resuIts. Refusals

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service . Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

and other nonresponse categories arc CXCIUCICCI from the

denominator in the calculation of estimates, but responses

of “don’t Imow’’ are included.

Questions in Ihe NHIS AIDS stlrvcys used the term

“theAIDSv irus’’r atherthan HIV bccausc it wm felt that

thegcncral popu]alion might not be fnnliliar\vi[h Ihc more

scientific terminology. In lhisrcport, “thcAIDSv irus’’w ill

bc used in place of HIV ~vhcn it reflects the way an

individual question was worded.

This report contains numerous comparisons Jvi[h dola

from the 1987 NHIS AIDS survey that must bc in[crprctccl

with some degree of caution. The wording of some questions was changccl slightly, and the conlcxt in which the.

questions were asked was modified by lhc addition of a

number of new questions. Dif[crcnccs obscmccl bclwecn

1987 and 1988 results may reflect [hcsc qucstionrmirc

changes as well as actual changes in AIDS know]cdgc and

atiitudcs.

Selected findings

The following highlights dcscribc various aspects of

AIDS knowledge and attitudes obscn’cd in [hc ALlgust

1988 data from the NHIS AIDS sL]rvcy, focussing on

changes that have occurred in the. year since data collection

began. Unless otherwise noted, all diffcrcnccs ci[cd in the

text are statistically significant (SCCtable II for approximaic

standard errors of climates).

Sources of AIDS infonnaion –In August 19S8, S4

percent of all aduhs in the United States rcpor[cd having

seen public service announcements about AIDS on television, s]ight]y lower than the cslimatcs of 86 pcrccnt in June

and July but equal to the figure for May. Forty-five percent

of acfu]ts stated that they had heard AIDS public service

announcements on the radio, compared to 48 pcrcl:nt in

July and 49 percent in May and June. Twenty-two pt:rccnt

of all adults stated that the announcements they had heard

on television and the radio were part of {he “America

Responds to AIDS” series.

During June 19S8, thc Centers for Disease Cmtrol

mailccl a brochure cntithxl “Understanding AIDS” to all

11 OUSCI1O1SIS in the Unitccl States. In June and July, 52

pcrccnt of a]] adults reported having rcacl brochures or

pmnphlcts about AIDS in lhc preceding month, mom than

twice as many as in hlay (25 percent). In August 198S, 42

pcrccnt of adults stated that they had read brochures or

pamphlets about AIDS in the month prcccding the inlcrview. The fact that this pcrccnt is still much higher than in

May could indicate that adults were continuing to rcw-1

“l_Jndcrs[anding AIDS” several weeks after having reccivcd

it, or it may mean that they did not accuratc]y rcmcmlbcr

when they received that brochure.

Sc@sscsscd know7ed~e-As of AugLlst 198S, X! pcrccnt of adults stated that they knew a lot about AIDS, 44

pcrccnt said that they knew some, 26 pcrccnt fch that they

knew a little, and 7 pcrccnt claimed to know nothing about

AIDS. Self-asscssccJ know]cdge about AIDS incrcascd

stcadi]y bctwccn AugLlst 19S7 and August 19SS. At the

beginning of that period, 20 pcrccnt of adults claimed 10

know a lot about AIDS; 40 percent reportedly knew some;

30 percent knew a little; and 10 percent knew nothing.

GeneraI knowk@e-For most of the mcasurc:s included in the NHIS, basic knowledge about AIDS andl HIV

increased during the year between August 19S7 and August

19SS. Figure 1 shows the percent of aduhs correctly idcnti1

Definitely true

AIDS Icads to death

There is no cure for AIDS at present

Any person wilh the AIDS wrus can pass it on to someone else

during sexual mlcrcoursc

A pregnant woman who has the AIDS virus can give !hc AIDS virus

10 hcr baby

AIDS can reduce the body’s natural protection against disease

A person can be infected wilh the AIDS virus and not have Ihe

disease AIDS

AIDS is an infectious disease caused by a virus

AIDS can Uarnagc the brain

,., . ....,,, ...,. ,,, ,,, .,.,

64

~ Augusl

I

- August

Definitely false

There is a vaccine available to the public that protects a person

from getlmg the AIDS wrus

AIDS is especially common m older people

Looking at a person is enough 10 tell if he or she has the AIDS virus

AIDS usually leads to hearl disease

I

o 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE: Naliorraf CcmCr for Health S[atist,cs, D,ws,on of Hcallh Inlerv!ew SlaiIs!ICs. Natronal Heallh Interv!ew Survey.

1987

198/6

Figure 1, Provisional estimates of percent of adults responding correctly to selected AIDS knowledge items: United States, August 1987 and

August 1988
advancedata 3

fying various statements about AIDS and HIV as definitely

true or definitely false. The largest incrcasc was in the

proportion of adults who thought it clcfinilcly true that

AIDS is an infectious disease cisuscd by a virus-up from

44 to 64 percent. Most incrcascs were smaller, usually

bctwccn 4 and 10 pcrccntagc points. For three slatcmcnts,

there was no statistically significant dli]n~c. Both in August

19S7 and August 198S, 89 pcrccnt 0[ adults thought it

dcfinitcIy true that AIDS leads to death. The already high

level of awareness of this fact at the time of the baseline

survey left li[lle room for further improvement. There also

was no change in the 10Wproportions of adults who realized

that AIDS can damage the brain and that AIDS CIOCSnot

usually lead to heart disease.

The increase in knowledge about these basic facts was

greatest for adults ages 1S-29 years, bringing their overall

level of knowledge up to that of adults agc 30-49 years

whose ICVC1of knowledge had been higher in August 1987.

For older adults, knowledge rcmainccl at a lower lCVCL

Increases were greater among black than white individuals

for most items, reducing but not eliminating Ihc racial

differential in knowledge about AIDS.

Mispcrcep(ions about HIV frmsmission —The lilrg,~st

improvement in knowlcclgc bctwccn August 19S7 and August 19SS was a reduction in the proportion of adults who

thought HIV could be transmitted through Citsual con[act

with scropositivc individuals. The data in figure 2 show

both the magnitude of these changes and the amount of

misinformation that still exists on this topic. Figure 2 shows

the pcrccnt of adults who corrcclly responded that it is very

unlikely or definitely not possible to transmit HIV through

various activities. In August 19S7, 27 pcrccnt of adults

thought it very unlikely that a person could become infcctcd

with HIV by using public toilets, and 13 percent thought it

impossible. One year later, in August 198S, the rcspeciive

proportions were 33 percent who consiclcrcci this mode of

transmission very unlikely and 24 percent who consiclcrcd it

irnpossiblc. Similar improvements were nolcd for the other

activities asked about in both the 19S7 and 19SS questionnaires, and the improvements in knowledge about transmission were of similar magnitude in all clcmographic

subgroups of the adult population. Gencra!ly speaking, the

activities still perceived as most threatening are those that

involve potential contact with the saliva of a person infcctccl

with HIV.

Blood donation and transmission –As of August 19SS,

40 pcrccnt of all adults in the United States had donated

blood at some time in their lives, and 13 pcrccnt had

donated blood since 19S5 when routine testing of blood

dona[ions for the AIDS virus began. Two-thirds (66 pcrccnt) of adults correctly bclicvcd that blood donations arc

now routinely tested for the AIDS virus.

Scvcnly-five pcrccnt of adults had hcarcl of the blood

test for the AIDS virus infection as of August 19SS, up

from 70 pcrccnt in August 19S7. Only 4 pcrccnt of all U.S.

acluhs rcporicr.1 having rcccivcd counseling about ttiking the

AIDS virus test —5 percent of those umlcr age 50 years and

1 percent of those age 50 years and over. Allogcthcr, 17

pcrccnt of adults reported having had their blood tcstccl for

the AIDS virus. This figure inch.dcs 9 pcrccnt who rcportccl having had the test, about the same as AugustDcccmbcr 1%37,and another S pcrccnt who were unaware

of hiihg had [he test but reported having dona[cd blood

since 19S5, which had been subjcctcd to routine tcs[ing for

Living near a hospi!al or home for AIDS patients

Attending school with a child who has the AIDS wrus

Working near someone with the AIDS virus

Using public Iollels

Eating in a restaurant where [he cook has Itle AIDS virus

Being coughed or sncczcd on by someone who has

lhc AIDS virus

Mosquitoes or other insects

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses wilh someone who has

the AIDS VIKUS

Kissing-with exchange Of saliva-a person who has lhc

AIDS virus

August:

1987

198a

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

I

.,, .41

,,,, ,. 33 . . .... . . . . . ,.

., .,.,’. .“42’ “,’. ”

.,.

....lg . :..:U...

,29, .+.,.,.,: .7 :+.,x .

I 1 I 1 I 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE: Na!ional Center for Health Slatist,cs, Dwiscon of Health Interwew Stal,slcs. National Heallh Inlerwew S.rveY.

Figure 2. Provisional estimates of percent Of adulls who think it very unlikely or definitely not possible to transmit the AIDS virus in selected

ways: United States, August 1987 and August 1988
4 advancedata

the AIDS virus. Persons age 18-29 years were more than 3

times as likely as those age 50 years and over to have had

the AIDS blood test (23 compared to 7 percent), and men

were more likely than women to have done so (21 versus 13

percent). The proportion of adults whose blood had been

tested increased with education from 7 percent of those

with less than 12 years of school to 23 percent of those with

more than 12 years.

Just over half (52 percent) of the individuals who were

aware of having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus

reported having received the results of the test. This proportion was much higher for black than for white adults (77

compared to 45 percent) and was greater among adults age

18–49 years (52 percent) than among those age 50 years

and over (46 percent).

Five percent of all adults reported plans to have their

blood tested for the AIDS virus in the next 12 months. This

proportion decreased with age from 10 percent of persons

age 18-29 years to 2 percent of those age 50 years and over.

Five percent of all adults in the United States received

blood transfusions between 1977 when the AIDS virus is

believed to have entered the United States and 1985 when

routine testing of blood donations for the AIDS virus was

initiated. As of August 1988, 43 percent of adults stated

that the blood supply is now safe for transfusions; 28

percent did not believe the blood supply is safe; and 29

percent were uncertain. The proportion of adults trusting

the safety of the blood supply increased with education, was

higher for men than for women, was higher for white than

for black individuals, and was higher for persons 1849

years of age than for those 50 years and over.

Piwzwtive measures—Twenty-nine percent of adults

thought that condoms are very effective in preventing transmission of the AIDS virus, and 54 percent thought that this

method is somewhat effective. These figures represent a

slight shift in adults’ assessment of the protective qualities

of condoms compared to August 1987, when 34 percent of

adults considered them very effective and 48 percent somewhat effective. In August 1988, 84 percent of adults realized that having a monogamous relationship with a person

who does not have the AIDS virus is a very effective way to

prevent getting the virus—the same proportion as 1 year

earlier. Over half of all adults realized that the diaphragm,

spermicidal jellies and creams, and vaseetomy are not

effective in preventing AIDS virus transmission, with most

of the remainder uncertain about the effectiveness of these

methods. These figures also are comparable to those for

August 1987.

Risk qfgetting the AIDS t)irus-Overall, 3 percent of all

adults stated that they belonged to one or more of the

behavior groups” associated with increased risk of .AIDS

virus transmission, such as hemophiliacs, intravenous drug

users, and homosexuals. This proportion decreased with

age from 6 percent of adults age 18-29 years to less than I

percent of adults age 50 years and over.

As of August 1988, 83 percent of U.S. adults believed

there is no chance that they have the AIDS virus. Thirteen

percent reported a low chance, 2 percent a medium chance,

and less than 1 percent a high chance. Americans assessed

their chances of getting the AIDS virus as minimal as well,

Seventy-five percent reported no chance of their getting the

virus, a proportion that has increased steadily since August

1987 when it was 60 percent. Twenty percent perceived

themselves as being at low risk, 2 percent at medium risk,

and less than 1 percent at high risk. Perceived risk decreased with advancing age, and women were slightly less

likely than men to feel at risk of becoming infected with

HIV.

As has been true since August 1987, in August 1988

almost two-thirds (65 percent) of adults reported having

talked to friends or relatives about AIDS. One in 10 adults

in the United States reported knowing or having known

someone with AIDS or the AIDS virus. This proportion

was higher for adults age 18-44 years than for those age 50

years and over, was slightly higher for women than for men,

and was twice as high for persons with 12 or more years of

school as for those with less education. Most of the individuals who had known someone with AIDS or the AIDS virus

stated that more than 6 months had passed since they had

seen that person.

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health interview SWVey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1988

[Data are based on household Inlew!ews of the civilian nonlnsl~ut~nalmd population. The survey desgn, general qualrkatmna and Informahon on the rehablhty of

the estimates are 9N0n In technksl notes]

Age Sex Race Educatrorr

76-29 30-$9 50 years Less than

AIDS knowledge or afflh.rde

More than

Total yearn years and over Male Female Wtnte Black 12 years 12 yeafs 12 years

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...100

1.

la.

1b.

2.

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21.

22.

In the past mOnlh, have you—

Seen any public sarvlce announcements about AIDS on

televlskm?

Y6B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Heard any publh service announcements about AIDS on

the radio?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Were any of those public servke announcements called

“America Responds to AIDS’?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -z?

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Neither heard norsawany public servkeannouncemen!s. . 13

In the past month, have you reed any brochures or pamphlets

about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AIDS?

YeS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Where did you get the pamphlets or brochures?”2

Clinic.otherthanworkciink.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z

Doctor’soffice (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publk health department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j

Receivad lnmaliwithoutaskhg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

RedCross/RedCrossblooddonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

GtherblooddonaIbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Senf/phonadfor/raquestedlf... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Faderal/Slale/focalgovemmenf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Work,otherthanclinioornume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Work, nurseorclinio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have you ev~r discussed AIDS wth any or your chtldren

aqed 10-17?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Have anyorall ofy$urchlldren aged 10-17 hadinslructkxrat

school about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

How much would you say you knowabout AIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Ahitle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

None, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Ta the best of your knowledge, is there a difference between

having the AIDS vkus and having the disease AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23a. AIDS can reduce the body’s natural protection against disease.

Defmtlelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProWblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . ..<. ..m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . ..o.. . . . . . . . .. O.......

65

16

0

19

73

13

2

3

9

100

85

14

1

55

42

3

33

11

45

11

43

56

1

71

29

1

4

14

2

3

37

1

0

10

26

9

3

15

35

65

45

21

34

22

53

22

3

68

21

0

11

79

12

2

3

5

100

85

14

1

46

46

4

22

11

54

13

47

52

1

73

27

0

2

11

:

40

1

0

4

1

30

15

5

14

0

63

37

59

14

27

27

47

22

3

68

48

0

13

81

11

1

2

5

100

63

15

3

35

60

5

14

11

59

15

36

62

1

B

41

1

2

7

1

1

44

1

0

1

0

34

7

3

11

1

43

57

68

6

26

17

33

34

16

0

57

11

0

32

61

17

2

3

17

109

83

15

2

50

46

4

21

12

53

13

36

61

1

62

38

0

2

8

1

2

41

2

1

4

0

31

12

2

15

0

45

55

52

11

36

21

43

27

8

84

15

0

20

74

13

1

2

9

Percent distnbutiinf

100 100 100

85

14

1

41

55

4

24

10

54

13

46

52

1

72

28

1

3

13

2

3

40

1

0

5

0

29

10

5

12

0

72

26

65

15

20

23

45

25

7

0

65

17

0

18

73

13

2

3

9

65

14

2

45

51

4

22

10

55

13

42

57

1

87

32

1

2

10

1

2

41

2

0

5

0

32

11

4

13

0

82

36

53

14

28

24

44

25

7

0

66

16

0

18

76

13

1

2

8

64

14

2

46

48

3

28

17

44

11

46

52

0

Sa

32

0

3

14

3

6

43

0

3

1

20

13

5

15

53

47

64

10

26

15

41

34

11

57

17

0

28

60

12

6

8

15

10)

79

20

2

34

83

3

21

13

49

17

30

69

1

46

53

1

3

9

2

3

40

1

0

3

32

5

1

12

1

41

59

54

10

36

10

31

36

21

0

44

17

39

51

17

3

4

24

100

85

14

1

45

52

3

24

11

52

13

44

55

1

70

30

0

2

11

2

2

43

1

:

1

29

12

3

12

0

56

42

57

14

30

18

48

28

5

63

19

0

18

72

16

1

3

8

100

86

12

2

52

43

5

22

11

57

11

40

5a

1

77

22

1

2

11

:

36

2

0

7

0

30

12

5

15

0

71

29

66

:

34

48

17

2

79

13

0

8

66

8

1

1

2

*efcdmtesaterd oftatie.
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interwews of the civlhan noninstilullonallzad populalcm. The survey design, general quefifwdiorss, and information on the reliat)ihtyof

the estimates are grven in technical notes]

Age sex Race Educatbn

18-29 3049 50 years Less than

AIDS knowledge or afhfude

More than

Total years years and over Male Female Wtrlte Black 12 yaws 12 years 12 years

23b, AIDS la especially common in older people.

Deftmfely lrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probably true. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Defmflely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

23s. AIDS can damage the brain.

Defrulelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Defmrfetyfalss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

23d. AIDS usually leads to heart dfseasa.

Defmfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Defmflelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

23e. AIDSlsanmfectious Ctlseasecausadby awrus.

Detinitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Defmnelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

23f. Teenagers cannoI get AIDS.

Defimtelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Defmtelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

239. AIDS leads to death.

Defmttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Defmitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z

23h. A person can be Infacled wiih the AIDS virus and not have the

23[.

23J,

23k.

disease AIDS.

Defintlelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Probablyfalsa . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Definttelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Looking al a person is enough to tell if he or she has the

AIDS virus.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Defmitelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Any parson wlfh Ihe AIDS virus can pass If on to someone else

during sexual Intercourse.

Defmitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Probablyfalsa, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Defmdelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

A parson who has the AIDS virus can look and feel heal!hy

and well.

Defmitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Defimfefyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

231. Ap(egnantwomanwho haslheAIDSvlnjscan gIvetheAIDS

virus to her baby.

Defmitelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Probeblytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Probablyfalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Definitelykdse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1

1

18

74

6

26

31

9

7

27

7

25

20

14

34

71

16

2

4

7

1

0

2

96

1

68

9

1

1

1

62

19

4

6

9

1

4

14

74

6

86

11

1

1

1

50

31

6

5

7

82

14

0

0

4

0

1

19

75

6

24

33

10

10

24

9

22

22

16

31

70

16

2

4

8

0

i

95

2

91

7

0

1

1

62

20

4

5

10

1

3

15

75

8

86

10

1

1

2

53

28

5

4

9

63

13

0

0

3

0

1

21

67

11

27

32

7

2

11

25

13

9

42

52

23

3

3

18

1

:

87

6

87

8

0

1

4

46

24

3

3

23

2

4

:

17

80

13

1

0

6

38

28

9

4

19

75

17

0

8

1

1

21

69

9

25

32

9

8

25

8

24

20

15

33

65

19

2

3

11

1

1

3

92

3

86

8

0

1

2

55

Z?

4

5

14

2

4

:

10

61

13

2

1

4

49

28

7

4

12

76

17

0

0

6

percent dtsfributlonl

o

1

18

74

7

26

32

8

6

28

10

23

17

12

39

63

18

2

5

12

1

;

93

3

80

7

0

1

2

57

a

3

4

15

1

3

16

68

10

65

11

1

0

3

46

31

6

5

12

84

12

0

0

3

1

0

20

72

7

25

33

9

7

27

8

24

19

13

35

64

19

2

4

11

0

0

3

94

2

89

8

0

:

66

21

4

4

13

1

3

18

70

9

84

12

1

1

3

48

30

7

4

11

80

15

0

0

5

1

2

14

72

10

35

27

4

7

26

16

21

12

12

39

56

16

3

2

13

1

2

4

88

6

90

7

0

0

3

51

18

3

6

21

2

6

15

64

13

85

11

0

1

3

45

27

6

6

15

82

13

0

0

5

1

d

62

16

26

28

5

4

35

12

23

10

8

47

49

20

3

4

24

1

2

5

83

9

86

6

2

6

38

17

5

7

32

3

4

17

52

23

79

12

1

1

8

35

24

11

6

24

75

15

0

10

1

1

21

71

7

24

33

9

6

28

9

25

16

11

37

63

20

2

4

11

0

0

3

94

2

91

7

0

0

1

55

25

4

4

12

1

4

~8

m

8

87

10

1

0

2

42

34

7

5

12

8*

15

0

0

4

0

0

18

78

4

28

33

10

$

7

22

24

18

28

74

16

2

3

5

0

:

97

1

68

10

0

1

1

67

19

3

4

7

1

3

13

79

4

63

13

1

1

2

60

28

3

3

6

82

15

0

0

2

See fodnolas at end of table.
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 Nationai Heaith Interview Survey, by seiected characteristics: United States, August 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of lhe civilian noninstttulionalized populatbn. The survey design, generat qualifkatbrs. and Informatbn on the reliability of

the estimates are given in Iecfmicei notesi

Age Sav Race Educaoon ——

7&z9 3&49 so years Less than

AIDS knowledge or alffiude

More !han

Total years pm and over Male Female )47h?e Black 12 ymrs 12 years 12 years

23m.There Is a vaccine available 10 the public that protecls a person

from getting the AIDS virus.

Definitely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably faise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23n. There is no cure for AtDS at present.

Deflnttely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebly tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnftely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Howllkely doyouthkrk it&that aperson wlllget AlDSorthe

AIDS virus fnfecfbn from—

1

3

8

78

12

89

8

0

2

4

24a Living near a hospilal or home for AIDS patkmts?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

.%mewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhatunlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Definitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

24b.Workingnear someonewrfhthe AiDSvirus?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhatlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Vetyuniikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Definitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

24c. Eetlnginarestauranl wherethacookhas !heAIDSvirus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhatlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

.%mewhalunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Veiyunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Deflnltelynotpossibie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

24d. IOssing-wtth exchange of sallva-a person who has the

AtDSvirus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Somewhat uniMely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Defiittelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

24e. Shaking hands, touching, or kissing on the cheek someone

whohastheAIDS virus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

.%mewhathkety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaturrhket y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:

Veryunilkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M

Defmflelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

24f. Sharing plales, forks, orgiasses wtihmmeone who has the

AIDS virus?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhatilkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Somewhatunilkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunhkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2g

Defmlelynolwrxwbie .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 17

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

24g. Using publlc toilets?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

SoMewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

SOmewhatunhkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Defmiteiynolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1

4

10

78

7

eo

4

1

3

2

2

4

8

41

41

4

3

11

16

39

28

3

7

19

16

32

19

7

18

30

18

18

10

9

1

6

14

34

40

5

7

19

15

30

21

8

8

11

14

33

27

9

1

2

8

83

9

91

5

0

1

2

2

3

7

40

43

5

2

9

13

42

29

5

6

17

17

33

17

10

20

30

17

16

8

9

2

7

15

38

33

5

7

20

16

30

18

9

3

10

18

36

27

8

1

2

10

68

19

85

8

0

1

6

:

8

37

36

13

2

10

12

.M

23

15

8

21

14

27

13

19

23

31

13

12

5

17

2

8

14

26

26

13

8

22

14

27

12

18

5

13

;

19

19

2

3

9

76

10

87

7

1

2

4

2

5

7

39

39

8

2

9

14

41

26

8

6

19

17

32

15

11

18

31

14

17

8

11

2

8

15

36

31

8

7

20

15

29

17

11

4

11

;

25

11

Percent distributbnl

o

2

8

76

13

90

5

0

1

3

2

3

8

39

41

7

3

10

13

39

28

8

7

19

15

30

17

12

21

29

16

14

7

13

1

7

14

37

34

7

8

21

15

28

16

13

5

12

~4

32

23

13

1

2

8

79

11

60

5

0

:

1

3

8

39

42

6

2

9

13

::

7

5

18

18

32

17

11

20

31

15

16

7

11

1

6

15

37

33

7

7

20

15

30

17

11

4

10

15

35

25

11

2

6

10

65

17

82

9

1

3

5

6

6

8

36

2e

13

5

12

16

33

22

11

12

21

13

24

16

18

19

30

15

12

10

15

4

11

12

32

w

11

10

23

14

23

17

13

8

16

11

27

21

15

2

3

10

82

24

82

8

0

1

9

3

6

9

35

26

20

3

13

12

;

19

8

20

12

26

13

21

22

27

10

13

7

20

4

7

14

31

26

17

9

21

12

25

13

21

8

16

11

27

16

22

1

3

6

77

12

90

5

0

2

3

2

4

9

39

40

6

3

10

14

40

27

7

7

22

17

27

15

12

22

33

14

13

7

12

1

9

17

35

32

7

8

22

16

25

15

13

5

13

17

30

23

13

1

2

8

84

5

e2

5

1

1

1

1

2

5

42

47

2

2

7

13

46

m

3

5

14

17

39

19

6

16

29

19

19

8

8

1

6

11

42

38

3

6

18

Is

35

20

6

2

7

14

41

31

5

*r0afk=d08aed oftable.
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1988—Con.

[Dafa are based on household Interviews of the civillan noninstfiufionahzad populatkm. The survey design, general qualflIcafions, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are gtven In lecfw’ud notes]

Age S%x Race Educalton

16-.29 3049 50 years

AIDS knowledge or arfm.xie

Lass than More than

Total years years and over Male Female Wh#e Black 12 years 72 years 12 years

24h. Shanna needles for drua use wRh someone who has the

24I,

24j.

24K

25.

26a.

AIDS Vim,.?

Vetyhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Same/;hat l!kely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

somewhal unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Very unlikely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Defmflely notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’t know,.............,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Being Coughed orsneezed on bysomaonewho has the

AIDS virus?

Veryhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somev.’nat hkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Z

Somet. natunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Defmrfe!ynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Attending school wflh a child who has the AIDS virus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewnat unhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

VeWunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Defmfelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Mosquitoes or other inea$ts?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Samewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Oefmflelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Oon’l know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Have you ever donated blind?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have youdona!ed blood stnce March 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Oon’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26b. Have vou donated blood intheoael 12 months?

27.

28.

29a

29b

30.

Y&s . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Oon’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever heard of a blood test that can detect the AIDS

wrus mfectcm?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Oon’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

To Ihe best of your knowledge, are blocd donations routinely

lestednowforthe AIDSvrusnfectmn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Oon’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Neverheardoftesl’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Have you ever recerued counseling or had a Ialk wflh a healm

professorial about takmglheAtOSvmX fasf?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftes!’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Was the dtscusslon–’.’

Wflhaprwatedoctofl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Afafaml!y-plannmgclmc? ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

OnanAIXhotlme? . . . . . 1

A! aprenatalclmic? . . . . . . . . :::::::::::::::::: 5

At an STDorsexuallytransmffled d!seaseclmic? . 2

A!an AIDSIHIV counseling andleslmgsne? . . 5

Wtlhsome other health profasslonal?. . . . 51

W’lthsomeolhercounselor?. . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Dunna tha! dtscusslon. did vou rece!ve information about how

to avdd getlmg or passing & the AIDS v!rus?5

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Oon’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

eeefootnotesal endoftable.

97

2

0

1

0

1

5

19

21

30

18

7

1

5

13

40

36

5

6

16

11

25

21

18

31

69

0

18

62

1

8

91

1

82

16

1

73

3

6

18

6

76

0

18

54

3

1

10

3

49

14

64

36

97

1

0

0

0

1

5

22

19

30

14

10

:

12

44

31

6

7

15

9

28

21

19

44

M

o

16

64

1

9;

1

81

15

3

73

3

5

19

5

76

0

19

26

6

2

4

8

55

12

67

32

2

91

3

0

1

0

6

9

25

16

23

9

19

1

7

11

40

26

16

6

15

9

22

17

31

44

56

1

5

94

1

9:

1

61

30

9

52

3

6

39

1

60

0

39

67

33

23

66

34

94

2

0

1

0

2

6

21

19

29

13

11

1

6

11

45

29

6

7

16

9

26

19

22

53

47

1

16

83

1

7

92

1

73

21

5

65

3

6

27

4

69

0

27

42

6

1

2

4

6

55

17

63

35

2

Percent dkstribufiinl

95

2

0

0

0

3

7

24

18

25

13

13

1

6

12

39

32

10

7

15

10

24

21

24

29

70

0

10

90

0

5

95

0

75

20

4

67

3

6

25

4

72

0

25

42

3

2

7

1

4

46

11

66

32

95

2

0

1

0

2

6

22

19

26

13

12

1

5

12

43

31

6

6

15

10

26

21

22

42

57

0

13

86

1

6

93

1

76

19

5

67

3

6

24

3

72

0

24

42

2

2

4

2

6

55

11

66

34

92

3

1

1

1

2

9

25

17

22

12

15

3

9

11

35

27

15

11

19

9

24

13

24

35

65

1

10

89

1

4

96

1

67

28

5

66

4

7

33

7

80

0

33

41

14

5

3

3

37

24

62

34

4

66

4

0

1

0

7

9

24

16

18

11

22

2

6

11

36

25

m

10

19

6

18

14

33

31

66

1

4

95

1

2

97

1

56

35

9

46

2

6

44

2

54

0

44

45

9

6

2

77

21

64

29

6

97

1

0

1

0

1

6

26

17

25

13

12

1

7

13

40

31

6

7

16

12

24

16

22

38

62

0

13

67

0

6

94

0

75

21

4

66

3

6

25

3

72

0

25

46

7

2

2

3

45

5

71

29

97

1

0

0

1

5

18

21

35

15

6

0

4

10

47

34

4

5

12

10

31

25

17

49

51

0

16

81

1

6

91

1

65

11

4

76

3

5

15

5

60

15

39

2

2

6

3

7

49

17

63

37
advanceciata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the CMliSn noninstifutionalized pOpUlalfOn.The survey design. general qualtikatbns, and mformatlon on the reliab,lrfy of

the estimates are given In technical notes]

Age sax Race Education

18-29 30-49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or aftr7uUe Total years years and over Male Female Wmle Black 12 ymrs 12 years 12 years

31. Have you ever been advised by a health professional not to

have the Mod teal for me AIDS virus Infecfiin?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Never heard oflesl’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

32. Haveyou ever been advised by friinds orrelatives not Iohave

the bloml lest for the AIDS VIIUS infeclbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

33. Haveyou hadyour blood tested forthe AIDSvirus infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Neverheardoftesl’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

35a. How many limes have you had your blood tested for the AIDS

virusinfectbn?’

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Tw~e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

3-5times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

6-12M=....... .. ..... ...... ........... 0

Morethan 211mes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

a

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Neverheardoforneverlooktesle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

35b. How many times In the pest 12 months have you had your

bloodtestedforthe AlDSvinwlnfectbn?7

Noneinlhepast 12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

36.

m.

41.

42.

44a

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Morethan rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

‘1 Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

NeverheardoforneverlookIest*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Wss the tesfjwere any of the tests, Including those you had

beforethepast12 months—l

Partofablocddonalbn?B.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Partofabloodtran fusion?O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

i

Volunlanlysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Part ofsomeother activity that requirss abloodsample?9. . 13

Dkl you get the resuffs of your tesf/any of your tesls?D

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Don’I know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Do you eXpWI to have a blood lest for the AIDS virus infectbn

in the nexl 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S

Will !heleslbe-i.10

PartofablcOddonatbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

VOIWIladlySOUght? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Part ofsomeolheracliviithalrequiresablood sample? . . 16

DktYouhaveablood Iranfusbnatanv timebatween

19fi and 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44b. Do you think the presenl supply of blmxf is safe for tranfuslons?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45. Hereare aomemethods people usetoprevenI geIlingthe AlDS

vlms through SeXUSfacttvlty. How effective k—

45a. Usingadiephragm?

Veryeffectiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.somewhateffeclive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleffectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

93

1

43

28

0

29

2

12

57

23

6

0

82

18

82

18

23

S$

2

16

7

1

2

0

0

12

77

2

7

2

12

77

69

0

20

15

51

49

10

66

7

18

35

55

18

3

96

1

45

31

24

2

14

60

16

5

1

80

0

19

1

81

0

19

21

60

1

18

6

2

2

0

0

10

80

2

6

3

10

79

71

2

16

11

53

45

2

6

71

5

19

49

47

12

:3

1

45

26

0

27

2

9

67

18

4

61

39

0

61

39

7

53

2

36

1

0

0

0

0

4

94

1

1

0

5

94

79

3

11

11

46

54

2

56

3

39

29

42

23

6

82

2

38

28

36

2

13

44

31

9

0

73

0

27

0

73

0

27

21

52

2

25

5

;

1

0

11

m

2

5

3

11

79

71

1

15

16

52

47

1

L

5

27

45

43

20

!&

1

47

25

29

3

12

54

24

7

Percent diitnbulbnf

o

75

25

0

75

25

13

62

1

24

4

0

1

0

0

7

88

1

3

;

87

72

2

20

6

51

48

1

5

66

4

25

33

59

12

$

2

39

31

0

30

1

11

61

21

6

0

75

0

24

0

75

24

z

2

23

4

1

1

0

0

9

64

2

4

2

9

64

76

1

13

10

45

53

1

5

67

4

24

47

46

12

5

93

1

45

27

0

28

2

12

59

23

5

0

67

33

0

67

33

19

47

1

33

7

3

3

0

5

62

2

9

2

6

81

48

1

41

30

77

23

8

50

8

33

11

62

35

5

94

1

33

34

33

6

15

50

20

9

0

56

44

0

56

44

7

48

1

43

3

1

1

0

2

93

0

3

1

2

93

51

3

37

17

73

23

4

3

49

4

44

11

74

12

6

92

2

34

30

36

4

10

40

33

14

0

75

25

0

75

25

16

59

2

23

5

1

0

0

0

9

84

1

4

1

9

84

73

1

13

11

54

45

1

5

65

5

25

38

62

9

:4

1

41

31

26

2

13

57

24

5

1

04

0

15

0

65

0

15

23

62

2

14

6

;

o

0

12

78

3

5

3

12

n

74

1

16

13

45

55

7

73

5

15

48

36

23

5

93

2

50

23

0

26

1

12

68

15

3

See fodnoms at endof table.
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the ctvilian noninslilullonelued populeton. The survey design, general qualiilcalions, and information on the reliabitiiy of

the estrnates are gtven in tecfmicel notes]

Age sex Race Education

16-29 3&f9 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or athtude Total years years and over Male Female Wtuie Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

45fl. Using a condom?

Veryeffachve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Somewhat effectMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Notatalleffectfve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’tknowhoweffact~e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Donlknowmethcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

45c. Uslngaspermlcktal jelly, foem,orcream?

Veryeffwtive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhateffectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Donlknowhoweffecfive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Don’tknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

45d. Havmgavasectomy7

Veryeffective, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhateffectiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Nolaletleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Don’tknowhoweffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4%. Two people who do nol have the AIDS virus having sex only

wIIh each othefi

46.

47.

49.

52.

63.

54.

55,

Veryeffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateflecthre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleftecltve. ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhoweffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowmelhod, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are your chances of having the AIDS virus?

Huh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are your chances of gelthg the AIDS virus’?

Hi@I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

High chance ofalreadyhavlngAIDSvirus. . . . . . .

Do you say your chance of getring AIDS is high or medium

bec%useyou-’ ‘

Have hadabloodtransfusbn?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have had sexual contact with someone who might have

thevlrus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%meotherreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever discussed AIDS wifh a friend or relahve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When was the last Ilme you discussed AIDS wfih a fr!end or

relallve?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. .

Nwerascustiiz::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Have you ever personally known anyone with AIDS or the

AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howlonghestt beensinceyousaw thksperson?

84

7

2

6

2

0

2

13

63

2

0

2

20

75

3

0

9

22

66

65

34

1

6

10

6

16

20

6

35

10

69

2

W!ttmnpast2weeks ..;.... . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2weeks-lesslhan l month.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

lmonth-lessthan3months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

3monIhs-lessthan6 monlhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

NeverknewanyonewithAIDS1s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

34

57

3

5

1

1

20

56

19

4

1

5

69

16

7

87

6

3

4

1

1

2

18

77

2

0

3

26

66

2

1

4

35

69

74

2%

o

9

10

7

19

25

3

26

11

67

2

0

0

1

1

8

0

89

32

56

5

6

1

1

13

63

18

5

1

1

62

12

4

87

7

2

3

1

1

2

16

60

1

0

2

22

73

2

1

6

15

71

74

26

1

7

11

6

18

24

6

26

12

66

2

1

0

0

1

9

0

66

23

w

5

16

4

1

11

44

35

10

1

1

60

20

10

77

6

2

10

3

0

1

7

69

3

0

1

11

64

4

0

23

8

47

49

EJ3

1

4

9

4

12

13

5;

7

92

2

0

:

1

4

0

94

34

52

3

9

2

1

15

52

25

7

1

3

70

19

7

85

6

2

6

2

0

2

15

60

2

0

2

22

72

2

0

9

32

57

61

39

0

6

9

5

15

19

6

39

9

66

2

1

0

0

;

o

91

Percent distntmtionf

25

57

6

10

2

1

14

57

22

5

1

2

72

16

7

63

7

2

6

2

1

1

12

85

2

0

2

17

77

3

1

6

7

76

69

30

1

7

11

7

17

21

5

31

10

69

1

:

1

1

6

0

90

30

55

4

9

2

1

15

56

23

5

1

2

74

16

6

86

6

2

5

1

0

1

13

63

1

0

2

20

76

2

0

9

17

67

66

34

1

6

10

7

17

21

6

34

2

1

1

0

0

1

6

0

91

27

51

7

11

3

2

12

48

27

10

1

5

61

23

10

73

12

4

9

3

1

2

15

77

5

3

21

70

5

1

13

59

49

61

39

1

10

13

5

12

18

3;

16

60

4

0

1

1

1

13

1

34

22

46

6

21

6

1

9

42

36

13

1

2

52

30

15

73

6

3

11

4

0

1

6

89

3

0

1

10

84

4

0

20

36

36

45

55

0

5

9

3

11

13

4

55

6

92

2

0

1

0

0

5

0

94

29

66

5

9

1

1

13

56

25

6

1

2

71

20

6

85

6

2

6

1

1

1

13

63

2

0

2

19

76

2

1

13

8

82

:

1

:

7

16

20

6

36

8

91

1

0

0

0

1

5

0

92

34

57

3

5

1

1

19

61

15

4

1

3

82

11

4

69

6

2

2

1

0

2

16

78

1

0

3

27

6a

2

0

3

26

65(

79

20

1

7

12

:

26

6

21

14

64

1

1

1

2

10

1

66

See fodnoies at end oftable.
advancedata 11

Table 1. provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristic: United States, August 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the cMltan nOnlnSIIfUtiOnallZSd populatmt.The survey daskgn, geneml qUalifiiaWXcS, and information on the rel!abdtiy of

lha estimates are gtien In technical nOleS]

Age sex Race Educatkm .——

l&29 30-49 50 yea~ Le3s than More than

AIDS knowledge or affitrde Total years yearn end over Male Female Whlfe Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

56.

57.

56.

59.

61.

62.

How well do you know this perscrr?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Feirlywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notverywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’traally knowpersonally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow howwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Never lsnewanyone wth AlDS13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Is any of these statements true for you?

a Youhave hemophilia and have recewed cloffmg factor

concentrates since 1977.

b. You area native of Haiti or Central or East Africa MO has

entered the Un@5 States since 1977.

c. Youarea manwhohas hadaexwflh another man al some

Iimesince1977, even 1 time.

d. You have taken illegal dregs by needle at any time shce

1977.

e. Since 1977, you are or have been the sex partner of any

parson who would answer yes to any of the items above

(57 a-d).

f. You have had sex for money or drugs et ahy time since

1977.

Yestoat least l statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notoall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The U.S. Public Heatth Service has said Ihat AIDS Is one of the

major heallh problems in the counlry but exactly how many

people it affects !s nol known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be conducded and blood samples be

taken to help find out how widespread the problem E.. If you

were selected inthisnatlonal sempleof people to have lher

blood tested wth assurances of privacy of test results, would

you have the test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Why wouldn’t you take part In the test?14

Don’twanttoknowfll haveAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’twant anycourrsellng abcutAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fearl’llgetAIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Donlllketogive blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Don’ttrust Government programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

tti3awesteofmoney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

DonlbeliaveAIDS can reallybecured tq%vay . . . . . . . . 2

Ofher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Don’:know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

When Federal publkc health offkxels gNe information about

AIDS, do you Mtl!eve what they say or are you doubtful about

the Informatbn they give?

SSlieVe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

When they [publrc heallhoffic!als] gIveadvice about how to

help Keep from geffmg AIDS, do you behave their adwce or are

vou .– doubtful abOUt what thev saw? Selbve ...........’...... . . . . . . . . . 77

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1

2

5

2

1

89

6

94

0

75

20

2

4

4

1

7

77

7

1

1

47

19

71

24

5

82

14

3

1

3

5

2

1

66

2

97

0

0

74

19

2

6

6

1

7

12

7

3

3

50

f4

67

29

5

60

16

4

1

:

1

1

94

A

o

0

61

26

4

7

2

1

7

9

4

5

2

5.9

16

54

33

12

70

20

9

1

2

4

2

1

91

3

97

0

0

69

23

3

5

4

1

7

11

6

4

2

53

13

64

30

6

78

18

5

Percent d!stributbnt

1

2

4

1

1

90

2

97

0

0

70

21

2

6

3

1

7

13

5

3

2

53

18

63

29

8

77

16

7

1

2

4

1

1

91

2

97

0

0

70

22

3

5

3

1

7

12

6

4

2

53

15

64

30

6

79

i7

5

1

5

4

3

2

64

5

95

0

72

22

1

5

4

1

9

14

5

0

52

16

62

25

13

71

18

11

0

1

3

1

1

94

2

98

0

0

65

27

2

5

2

1

8

8

3

4

4

64

19

54

32

14

67

21

12

1

2

3

1

1

92

3

97

0

69

23

2

6

4

0

10

16

5

3

1

49

15

63

30

7

78

18

5

1

3

6

2

2

66

3

97

0

74

18

3

5

4

1

3

11

8

2

2

57

13

70

26

4

64

13

3

lMUffiPlereSPO~ may =m to rmre than lCO.

Z-mpti ~fi~ptowati 4,,tWdHyestoqUesfiOn 3).

3-onPMm a-riqy~to quti;~ll,-m ycuhsveanyti!dren agedlOthagh 177’Guestion12 was’’f-fcwMwv dowf=ve~

4pemm ~riW ~ ~ don’t k-to q-tion z7.

5BAonpmm SnWeringyesto questlm29a,

‘Imhdasp- ~~riWPtO West!on26aand roordon’tkmw toquestiora27ard 33.

7-mpawn toqu@!OnW.* footnotO&

epemm ~WriW m of don’t knew to quemons 26a, 27, and ~.

9- ~ -Mm snsweting yes to qumtim * excludas W-SOB anwern-g yes to question ~

,.- on ~- WSWRr@ p to question 41.

11- ~ *MI-S snswen~ high or rnadum to question 46.

1z- ~“ ~Mm snswemg no or don’t knc+v to question S2.

13mA ~ ~- arswerwg no or donl knw to qtmtion S4.

14*ti on Pemm not arwaring yes to Clueshcm =
12 advancedata

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHLS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstituTable L Sample sizes for the 1988 National Health Interview

Survey of Al DS Knowledge and Attitudes and estimated adult

population 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, August 1988

Esmrrakd

populahon

Chfrracferrslic Sample size [n thousands

All adults, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age

18-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50 years And over . . . . . . . . . .

Sex

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Educatlcn

Lesslhan12years. . . .

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan12 years . . . . . . . .

3,159

?’33

1,210

1,216

1,308

1,851

2,668

395

721

1,201

1,171

174,528

47.725

66,109

60.695

82,703

91,625

151,003

19,107

41,503

66,475

62,363

tionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of thehousehold. Supplemental information is collected for all or a

sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes was

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed intemiews with 3,159 persons, or about 88

percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have had their blood

tested for the AIDS virus. The population figures in table I

are based on first-quarter 1987 data from the NHIS; they

are not official population estimates. Table II shows approximate standard errors of estimates presented in table 1.

Both the estimates in table 1 and the standard errors in

table II are provisional. They may differ slightly from

estimates made using the final data file because they were

calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does

not adjust for all the factors used in weighting the final data

tile. A final data file covering the entire data collection

period for 198S will be available in 1989.

Table Il. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1988

Age sex Race Educaoon

18-29 30-49 50 yaers

Estimated percent

Leas than More than

To/a/ years years and over Male Female Wh//e Black 12 years 12 years /2 years

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0.8 06 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.4

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.0

0.7 14 1.1

0.8 0.8

1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.9 1.4 1,1 1.1

150r85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 0,9 2.3

200r80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9

1.7

1.9

1.3

1.5 1.5

13

1,4 1.2 1.0 2.6 1.9 1.5 1.5

250r 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. . 1.0 2.1 1,6 1.6 1,5 1.3 1,1 2.8 2.1 1.6 1.6

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 22 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.7

350r 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 3.1

400r 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

2,3

2,3 1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.7 1.5 1.2 32

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.4

2,3

1.8

1.8

1,8

1.8

1.8 1.5 1.2 3,2

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

2,4

2.4 1.8

1.8

18

1.9

1.8 1.5 1.2 32 2.4 1.9 1.9
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 164 ● January 3, 1989

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for September 1988

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Joseph E. F~i, MSPH, Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has included

a special set of supplemental questions on the adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeficiency syndrome (AJDS) in the NationaJ Health

Interview Survey (NHIS). The first AIDS KnowIedge and

Attitudes Survey was in the field tlom August through

December 1987. Provisional results of that survey were

published on a monthly basis in Advance Data for Vital and

Health Stti”stics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153). During

the first four months of 1988, the NHIS AIDS questionnaire was revised to meet current program needs for

information about AIDS awareness. The revised AIDS

Knowledge and Awareness Survey entered the field in May

1988, Provisional findings for May and June, the first two

months of data collection with the new questionnaire, for

July, and for August were published in Adtwnce Data for

V7tal and Health Statistics, Nos. 160, 161, and 163, respectively. This report presents provisional results for September 1988.

The Advmce Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

data have been restricted to simple descriptive statistics to

facilitate their timely release. Thus, these reports do not

attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS knowledge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes, and

perceived risk. The 1987 and 1988 NHIS AIDS data bases

will permit more complex analyses than those presented in

this series of Advance Data reports, and such analyses are

being undertaken by various groups in the Public HeaIth

Service.

The AIDS questionnaires were designed to provide

estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS

transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection. The

data were needed as input for the planning and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for monitoring

major educational efforts, e.g., the series of radio and

television public service announcements entitled “America

Responds to AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding

AIDS;’ both developed by the Centers for Disease Control.

The 1987 and 1988 AIDS questionnaires were developed by the NationaJ Center for Health Statistics and

interagency working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the

Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS, The

working groups included representatives from the Cenlers

for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration;

and the Health Resources and Services Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AIDS information; self-assessed level of AIDS

knowledge; basic facts about the AIDS virus and how it is

transmitted; blood donation experience; awareness of and

experience with the blood test for the AIDS virus; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures; selfassessed chances of getting the AIDS virus; personal

acquaintance with persons with AIDS or the AIDS virus;

and willingness to take part in a proposed national seroprevalence survey. A general risk behavior question, similar 10

that asked by the Red Cross of potential blood donors, is

included in the 1988 AIDS questionnaire.

This report presents provisional data for September

198S for most items included in the AIDS questionnaire.

Table 1 displays percent distributions of persons 18 years of

age and over by response categories according to age, sex,

race, and education. In most cases, the actual questions

asked of the respondents are reproduced verbatim in table

1, along with the coded response categories. In a few cases,

questions or response categories have been rephrased or

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

combined for clearer or more concise presentation of

results. Refusals and other nonresponse categories are

excluded from the denominator in the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know” are included.

This report contains few comparisons with data horn

the 1987 NHIS AIDS survey, and those comparisons that

are included must be interpreted with caution. The wording

of some questions was changed slightly, and the context in

which the questions are asked was modified by the addition

of a number of new questions. Differences observed between 1987 and 1988 results may reflect these questionnaire changes as well as actual changes in AIDS knowledge

and attitudes.

Selected findings

The following highlights describe various aspects of

AIDS knowledge and attitudes as observed in the September 1988 data fron the NHIS AIDS survey. Based on the

measures included in this survey, AIDS knowledge was

maintained in September at about the same level as in

August 1988. Those differences cited in the text are statistically significant unless othenvise noted (see table II for

approximate standard errors of estimates).

Sources of AIDS infonnotion-In September 1988, 83

percent of all adults in the United States reported having

seen public service announcements about AIDS on television; 43 percent stated that they had heard AIDS public

service announcements on the radio. The proportion of

persons who reported having seen or heard such announcements was higher for persons 18-49 years of age than for

those 50 years and over and was higher for persons with 12

or more years of school than for those with less than 12

years of school. Twenty percent of all adults stated that the

announcements they heard on television and the radio were

part of the “America Responds to AIDS” series.

Thirty-four percent of U.S. adults reportedly read brochures or pamphlets about AIDS in the month preceding

the September NHIS intemiew, compared to 42 percent in

August. However, 66 percent (67 percent in August) of all

adults reported that they had ever read any brochures or

pamphlets about AIDS. Of those who reported in September that they had ever read brochures or pamphlets about

AIDS, 41 percent said they had received the pamphlets or

brochures in the mail without asking, which may reflect

some carry-over of awareness of mailed brochures from the

Centers’ for Disease Control .Tune 1988 mailing of the

brochure “Understanding AIDS” to all household in the

United States.

Sel@ssessed knowledge-As of September 1988, 22

percent of adults stated that they knew a lot about AIDS,

43 percent said they knew some, 26 percent felt they knew a

little, and 8 percent claimed they knew nothing about

AIDS.

General knowledge- GeneraI knowledge about AIDS

and the AIDS virus showed little change betwen August

and September 1988. The great majority of adults thought

it was definitely true that AIDS leads to death (86 percent),

and that there is no cure for AIDS at present (86 percent),

and that the AIDS virus can be transmitted by means of

sexual intercourse (83 percent) and from mother to infant

(80 percent). Three-fourths of the adults thought it was

definitely false that an AIDS vaccine is available to the

public.

As shown in table 1, there were large differences by

education in the proportions of adults responding correctly

to these general knowledge questions, with the more lhighly

educated individuals the more likely to provide correct

answers. Adults 30-49 years of age responded more accurately, on the average, than individuals WhO were either

younger or older, and white adults more often answered

wrrectly than did black adults. There was no consistent

difference by gender in general AIDS information level.

Transmission of the MDS virus-Although the 1987

AIDS survey revealed widespread misinformation about

the risk of AIDS virus transmission through casual contact,

accurate knowledge in this area increased continuously

between August and December 1987. This aspect of AIDS

knowledge also improved between May and August 1988,

but did not show any change between August and September 1988.

Blood dond”on and testing-Based on September 1988

dat~ 42 percent of all adults in the United States have

donated blood at some time in their lives, and 14 percent

have donated blood since 1985 when automatic testing of

blood donations for the AIDS virus began. Seven percent of

adults reported having donated blood in the 12 mlonths

before the interview. Younger adults were most likely to

have donated blood recently. The proportion of adults who

had donated blood since 1985 increased with education,

from 5 percent of persons with less than 12 years of school

to 20 percent of those with more than 12 years.

Seventy-seven percent of adults have heard o;f the

blood test for the AIDS virus infection. Eighty-three percent of individuals 1849 years of age had heard of the test,

compared to 64 percent of those 50 years and over. Awareness of the AIDS blood test was greater among white than

black adults (79 compared to 69 percent) and increased

with education, from 57 percent of those with less than 12

years of school to 78 and 88 percent, respectively, of those

with 12 years and more than 12 years of school. Two-thirds

(68 percent) of adults correctly believe that blood clonations are now routinely tested for the AIDS virus.

Only 4 percent of all U.S. adults reported having

received counseling about the AIDS virus test. Altogether,

17 percent of adults have had their blood tested for the

AIDS virus infection. This figure includes 8 percent who

reported having had the test, about the same as August

1988, and 9 percent who denied or were unaware of having

had the test but reported having donated blood since 1985,

which had been subjected to routine testing for the AIDS

virus. Persons age 18-29 years and 30-49 years were more

than twice as likely as those age 50 years and over to have

had the AIDS blood test (26 and 21 percent, respectively,

compared to 7 percent), and men were more likely than

women to have done so (21 percent versus 14 percent). The

proportion of adults whose blood had been tested increased

with education, from 8 percent of those with less than 12
advancedata 3

years of school to 24 percent of those with more than 12

years.

Seventy-four percent of all persons who reported having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus infection one

or more times stated that at least one of the tests was done

as routine part of blood donation, 14 percent (3 percent of

the total aduk population) reported having taken a test

voluntarily, and 13 percent took a test as part of some other

activity that included routine blood testing (e.g., military

induction, immigration).

Just over half (55 percent) of the individuals who

reported having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus

infection reported having received the results of the test.

This proportion was greater for persons with less than 12

years of school than for those with 12 or more years (75

compared to 52 percent).

Seven percent of all adults reported plans to have their

blood tested for the AIDS virus infection in the next 12

months. This proportion decreased with age, from 11 percent of persons 18-29 years to 3 percent of those age 50

years and over.

Six percent of aIl aduhs in the United States received

blood transfusions between 1977 when the AIDS virus is

believed to have entered the United States and 1985 when

routine testing of bbod donations for the AIDS virus

infection was initiated. As of September 1988,43 percent of

adults stated that the blood supply is now safe for transfusiorq 30 percent did not believe the blood supply is safe;

and 27 percent were uncertain. The proportion of adults

trusting the safety of the blood supply increased w-th

education, was higher for men than women, was higher for

white than black individuals, and was higher for persons

18-49 years of age than for those 50 years and over.

Pwventive measuws-Thirty percent of adults thought

that condoms were very effective in preventing transmission

of the AIDS w.rus, and 53 percent thought that this method

is somewhat effective. Eighty-three percent rerdized that

having a monogamous relationship with a person who does

not have AIDS is a very effective way to prevent getting the

virus. Over half of all adults (56 percent) realized that the

diaphram, sperrnicidal jellies and creams, and vasectomy

are not effective in preventing AIDS virus transmission,

with most of the remainder uncertain about the effectiveness of these methods.

Rtik of getting the AZDS vzks-Two percent of al

adults stated that they belonged to one or more of the

behavior groups associated with increased risk of AIDS

virus transmission, i.e., hemophiliacs, intravenous drug users, homosexuals, etc. This proportion decreased with age,

tlom 4 percent of adults 18-29 to 1 percent of adults age 50

years or over.

As of September 1988, 82 percent of U.S. adults

believed there is no chance that they have the AIDS virus.

Thirteen percent reported a low chance, 2 percent a medium chance, and less than 1 percent a high chance.

Americans assess their chances of getting the AIDS virus as

minimzd also. Seventy-five percent reported no chance of

getting the virus 18 percent preceived themselves at low

risk, 2 percent at medium rislq and less than 1 percent at

high risk. Adults age 50 years and over were least likely to

perceive some risk of getting the AIDS virus, and women

were slightly less likeIy than men to feel at risk.

About two-thirds (63 percent) of adults have talked to

friends or relatives about AIDS, a proportion that varied

with education, from 43 percent of those persons with less

than 12 years of school to 76 percent of those with more

than 12 years.

One-tenth (11 percent) of the adults in the United

States reported knowing or having known someone with

AIDS or the AIDS virus. This proportion was higher for

adults 18-49 years than for those age 50 years and over and

more than twice as high for persons with more than 12

years of school as for those with less education. Most of the

individuals who had known someone with AIDS or the

AIDS virus stated that more than 6 months had passed

since they had seen that person.
4 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by eelected characteristics: United States, September 1988

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civilian nonlnslitutionalizad populatkm. The suNey design, general quallfkatkxrs, and Information on the reliabllriy of

the eettmetee are gtven in tachnkel notes]

ALW sex Rata Education

I&w 30-#95oyears

AIDS krrowlmga or aftnude

Less than More than

Total years years and over Male Female W?We Black 12 years 12years 12 years

Tole.l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ioo

1.

la

1b,

2.

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21.

22.

In Ihe peel month, have you–

Seen any publlc seNka announcements alKwt AIDS cm

teievk+cn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heard any public saNrce announcements about AIDS on

the radio?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Were any of those public eerwe announcements called

“Amerka Responds to AIDS”?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ne~herheard noreaweny public sarvkeannounoements. .

In tha past month, have you read any brochures or pamphlets

about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where dii you get the pamphlets or brochures?’ 2

Clmb, otherthanworkciinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doclor’soffhx (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publkhealthdeparlment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Receivadlnmallwlthoutaskhg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RadCross/RedCroseblaoddonafian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherblaoddonatii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sent/phonadfor/raquaetadR.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Federal/State/iocalgovemment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work,olharthanclinicornursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wort$nureaorclink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have youev rdiscussad AIDSwKh enyofyourchildrail

aaed 10-17? ‘$

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have any or all of yc#r chlldrea aged 10.17 had Instruction at

schaalabautAIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How much wauld you say you know about AIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alittle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To the best of your knowledge. Is there a dtfferenca between

havingIheAIDS wrusandhaving thedtseaseAIDS?

63

16

2

43

52

4

20

11

54

14

34

65

1

66

33

1

2

11

1

2

41

2

1

8

1

28

11

4

12

1

61

39

0

22

43

26

8

0

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

23a.AIDScanrad ucethebody’s natural protectkmagainsl d!sease.

Defmitelytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Defmttelyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

100

64

15

1

51

46

3

27

14

46

12

36

a

o

69

31

1

4

16

1

2

33

2

0

15

1

21

10

5

14

0

33

67

46

30

24

19

51

26

4

65

20

0

14

77

12

2

4

5

lW

65

14

1

46

47

5

22

10

55

13

3a

62

1

73

27

0

2

10

1

2

41

1

;

1

29

15

4

12

1

84

36

55

16

Ze

29

46

22

4

72

15

0

12

63

8

2

2

6

100

80

17

3

33

83

5

13

10

5e

18

30

ee

1

57

43

1

1

10

0

1

47

1

0

2

1

33

6

3

9

3

55

44

1

56

:

17

34

32

16

0

57

11

0

32

84

14

2

4

17

lat

61

77

2

48

4s

4

19

11

64

16

S2

67

1

62

37

0

2

10

1

1

36

2

1

7

0

30

14

2

14

1

51

49

0

54

E

21

z

9

0

65

16

0

19

76

11

2

3

9

Percent dletributlanl

lCQ 100 100

64

14

2

39

66

5

21

11

55

13

36

63

1

70

m

1

3

T3

1

2

43

2

0

8

1

27

9

5

10

1

70

30

56

m

24

24

44

25

8

0

66

15

0

20

74

11

2

3

10

63

15

2

43

63

5

19

11

56

14

34

65

1

67

33

0

2

11

1

1

42

2

1

8

1

Ze

11

4

11

1

63

37

54

17

29

23

45

25

7

0

67

14

0

18

n

11

:

6

84

14

2

60

46

4

28

14

45

13

37

62

1

62

36

1

6

13

3

6

32

1

7

2

20

16

5

17

1

53

47

69

12

26

19

37

30

13

1

57

19

0

24

63

13

3

5

16

100

74

23

3

36

5e

5

19

11

47

23

23

77

0

48

53

1

4

14

1

3

44

1

1

4

0

24

4

3

10

2

45

!%

o

51

16

32

10

26

37

24

0

40

17

0

43

51

15

3

5

26

100

87

12

1

44

52

4

22

10

57

11

34

65

1

2

1

2

13

1

1

42

2

;

1

26

11

4

11

1

61

39

53

18

28

18

48

28

6

0

66

17

0

18

76

13

2

3

6

10Q

64

15

2

47

48

5

19

12

56

13

41

56

1

76

22

0

2

10

1

2

38

2

1

10

1

31

14

4

13

1

70

30

61

14

26

33

47

16

1

60

12

0

8

67

7

1

2

3

See fodnotes at end of table.
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of parsons 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health lntOWi6W Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1988-Corr.

[Data are based on houaehotd lnteIvleWs of the cWan nonlnstltutlonal!zed populatbn. The survey design, general quelitlcafbns, end Informatbn on the reliability of

the asllmates are given In tectmioal notes]

Age sex Race Ed&at&n

16-29 3(H9 50 yews Less than Mote ihan

AIDS Imawledae or affflude Total years Y&W’S ano over MaIe Female W?rRe Bfeck 12WWS 12 WWJS 12 Years

23tI. AIDS b especlalty mmmon In okter people.

Definitely tfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probably tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probably falae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Defintteiy falsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B

23c. AIDS can damage the brain.

Definlfely true, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Probetiyttue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Probably fabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Definitely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Donlknoiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

23d. AIDS usualty leads 10 heart dWesa.

Definitely tre e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Pfobabiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Prabat)tyfslse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Deflnifely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don?know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

23e. AIDS Is an Infectbus disease caused by a virus.

Deflnttety tma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @

Pfobabiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Probabtyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Deflniteiy false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Dormknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

23f. Teenagefscannot get AtOS.

Definitely tn.ks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pfobablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

Pfobablyfake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Deflnitetyfatse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

23g.AIDSleadsto death.

Detlnlteiyttue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Pfobablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Deflnitelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

23h.Agersoncan belnfaotedwithfhe AIDSvlmsandnot havethe

231.

23j.

23k.

ctti AIDS.

Deflnitetytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5S

Probabtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Probeblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Deflnlteiyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’tknc+v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Lcwkingafapemon Isenoughtotelllf haorshehesthe

AIDS VkUS.

Deffrdtetytfua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Pfobabiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Deflnltefyfatse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Anypafsanwlththe AIDSvir’wscanpase ilontosomecma else

durlngsexuatlnterwmse.

Deflnifetytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Pfobabtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Pfobabiyfal% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Definifetyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Apafsonwhohas theAIDSviruscan Iookendfael heatthy

end well.

DefinIfetylme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Prabablytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Defimteiyfatse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

231. Apragnent woman whohasthe AIDS WruscangWe the AIDS

Vlrustoherbaby.

Definlteiytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Probebtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

D8fh%tetyfaksa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Dan’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

;

21

71

6

22

30

11

10

27

5

21

20

20

32

66

20

3

3

8

:

2

96

1

87

10

1

1

1

59

21

5

6

10

1

3

E

5

m

10

1

1

2

54

28

;

8

64

13

0

1

2

1

1

16

77

5

29

28

10

10

23

8

20

21

19

32

71

16

:

7

:

2

98

1

66

8

1

1

1

m

16

3

4

9

2

3

14

76

5

85

11

1

1

3

z

:

8

63

13

0

4

1

1

2a

66

12

29

31

6

3

31

9

22

14

10

45

49

22

3

5

22

:

8;

6

83

11

0

0

5

47

22

4

3

24

2

4

19

57

18

78

14

;

7

35

32

9

6

19

73

18

0

0

8

1

2

20

70

8

27

29

10

7

26

8

20

20

17

34

63

19

2

4

12

:

4

92

3

66

10

1

0

3

57

20

4

4

15

1

3

16

69

10

60

14

1

1

5

49

a

5

5

12

77

17

0

0

6

Percent distrtbutbnt

1

1

18

73

8

27

20

8

8

28

8

22

17

15

3a

61

20

3

4

13

:

3

93

3

67

9

1

1

2

59

19

3

4

14

2

4

16

68

9

65

10

1

1

4

46

28

7

6

12

63

13

:

4

0

1

19

73

7

26

30

9

8

27

7

21

19

17

38

62

19

2

4

12

:

3

94

2

86

10

1

1

59

20

4

4

14

1

4

16

70

8

23

12

1

1

4

49

29

6

5

10

6a

15

0

0

5

2

4

14

67

13

33

30

7

5

25

12

24

13

10

41

61

19

2

5

14

1

1

5

88

4

68

7

1

0

3

52

18

4

8

18

3

2

16

m

13

63

10

1

0

5

48

25

5

8

16

81

13

0

6

1

2

19

6a

18

26

28

5

5

36

10

21

10

10

49

46

20

2

5

27

2

1

6

83

6

64

9

0

0

6

40

21

4

5

31

3

6

19

z

77

13

0

0

9

29

30

9

2

73

16

:

11

1

1

19

74

6

27

26

6

9

26

8

21

16

17

36

62

20

3

4

10

0

0

:

2

69

8

0

1

2

58

20

4

5

13

2

4

17

70

6

84

11

1

1

3

47

3a

;

10

81

14

0

0

4

0

1

16

77

4

27

31

12

8

21

7

21

26

20

27

71

78

:

7

1

0

2

97

1

85

12

1

1

1

M

19

3

4

7

1

2

13

79

5

84

11

1

1

2

Y7

:

6

62

14

0

0

3

Saafcdndeaatmd aftabkl.
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional eatimate$ of the percent @fpersons 18 years of ●go ●nd over wfth selected AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudee from the

1988 Netional Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United Stetee, September 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household tnterviewe of fhe civilian nonlnstttutbnal!zad~pulaflon. The survey design, generaJ quaflflcafiom, and Informaflon on therelialWty of

the estlmafes ma given In Iechnical notes]

w sex Raw EOucefbn ——

l&29 3G49 50 years

A/DS knowledge or affnude

La9aman Mom than

Tofal yews pars and owr Male Female W7Me Blaok 12psra 12w 12yBens

23m.There is a vaoclne avatlabla to the public that protects a person

from getting Ihe AIDS virus.

Deflnilely tre e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmtlely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know........,.....,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23n. There is no cure for AIDS et present.

Defkttlely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmilelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Howlikely doyouthlnk itkmata parson wlllg@AIDSwtM

AIDS virus Infacfkm from24a Lh4ng near a hoapltal or home for AIDS paflants?

Very llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat likefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelynotpossibte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24b,Worktngnear someonawlthme AfDSvhUs?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmttelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24c. Eatlngln areslaurantwherethaamkhMtheAIDS~?

Vetyllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vetyuntlkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmilelynotpossibi e...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24d.lUSSlng-WlffI exchangeofsa.kva-a pSfSOI’iWhOhf3StfW

AIDSvinJs?

Verylikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhafllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhafunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24a Shaking hands, touching, or kkslng on the cheek someone

whohaslheAIDS virus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhafllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhafunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmltelynotposslble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24f. Sharing plates., forks, orgl~wlm sommnewhotlMW

AIDSWIUS?

Veryllkety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaf llkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.Somewhef unlikely.......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelynotposslb!e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’Iknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24g. Using publis toiiets?

VeIyllkely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SoMewhatunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunhkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftnlfelynotpoeslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknc+v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:

9

75

12

86

7

1

2

4

2

4

7

40

40

8

3

11

12

%

27

7

7

20

15

29

17

13

25

23

13

15

7

11

28

17

11

6

12

12

35

24

12

2

3

11

76

9

87

6

2

2

3

2

5

7

42

w

4

2

12

74

2

3

6

z?

15

31

19

8

19

33

15

17

9

7

2

7

13

40

34

3

8

19

13

31

21

8

5

12

13

34

27

10

1

1

8

62

8

83

6

1

2

3

1

3

5

40

44

6

3

11

11

47

22

5

7

19

15

30

19

9

25

26

15

17

8

9

2

6

13

36

37

5

10

21

13

28

19

8

6

11

12

37

28

8

:

10

66

20

82

8

1

2

7

1

3

7

39

38

13

3

10

13

36

25

13

9

18

14

27

12

21

29

29

10

11

5

16

2

7

13

39

26

12

11

21

12

25

12

18

7

12

11

33

19

18

;

10

75

11

86

7

1

2

4

2

5

7

43

36

8

3

11

12

41

26

7

8

21

14

30

14

12

25

30

13

16

6

10

2

8

14

41

28

7

8

21

14

30

15

11

5

11

43

37

22

11

PercantdletriMflonl

:

8

75

13

66

7

1

2

4

1

3

6

37

44

8

3

11

12

36

29

8

7

18

15

28

19

13

26

28

13

74

8

12

2

5

;

36

7

12

20

12

26

19

11

6

12

:

25

13

:

9

78

11

88

7

1

2

3

1

4

6

41

42

7

2

10

12

40

28

7

7

19

15

30

17

12

24

29

14

16

7

10

2

6

13

39

34

6

9

20

14

29

77

11

5

11

12

36

25

11

3

4

12

61

20

81

5

1

3

9

4

5

9

38

32

12

4

14

13

36

22

10

2:

11

23

16

16

26

28

11

11

6

13

4

11

z

28

10

13

21

11

28

17

12

6

15

2

20

16

3

4

9

57

27

78

9

1

2

10

3

4

7

35

30

20

6

12

:

20

18

70

19

12

23

12

23

30

26

8

10

5

21

4

6

:

24

16

12

21

9

24

12

22

11

16

2

:

1

2

;

10

67

6

1

2

3

2

;

41

38

6

2

12

13

36

28

6

:

16

28

16

13

2

12

14

9

10

3

7

15

37

32

6

12

22

13

26

17

10

6

12

13

2

11

1

1

8

64

6

m

5

0

2

2

1

3

6

42

46

3

1

10

12

44

31

2

5

19

15

33

20

7

22

30

17

19

7

6

1

5

12

43

36

2

6

18

15

34

20

7

2

9

12

4*

22

6

SeefcdnOteYatend oftable.
advanceckta 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Suwey, by selected chsracterlstlcs: United States, September 1968-Con.

[Data are basedon household Intervlaws C4the cfdllen nonfnstuutbnauzsd populefbn. The suwey design, genersd quatlfkalbns, and )nfOrmatbn on the rellablltty of

me estimates are gtven in tecl-mkal notes]

w sex - Educat&n

18-29 M Soyeafs L&s than Mofe than

A/DS knowiedae or atttude Total years yam end O* M* Female IWWe Slack 12 w 12- 12 wars

24h. Sharlrm needles for dnrfr use wth someone who has the

241

24j.

24k.

AIDS virus?

Vary Ilkety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...0. . . . . . . . . . . . 24

.%mawhafllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhat unllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Deflntteiy notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

8elng coughed or sneezed on by someone MO has the

AIDS virus?

Verj likely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Som*atunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Deflntteiy notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Attending school wtlh a child wlm has the AIDS virus?

Veryltkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

.%mewtrat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhat unllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Veryunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Daflnitely notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Don’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Maqulfoes or other insects?

Veryllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewtrat llkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Sornewi’m tunliket y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Veryunllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Definltefy not~lbIe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

25. Haveyou everdonated blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

28a Have you donated blood slnca March 1885?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26b. Have you donated blood in the past 12 months?

27.

28.

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Haveyoueverheard ofabioodteslthat candetacttheAIDS

virusinfactbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Dontknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Tothebestofywr knowledge, areblood donatbnsroutlnely

tested now for the AIDS virus infectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8s

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

29a Have you ever recehed counselhg or had a talk with a health

professbnalabouftaklng theAIDSvirustest?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftesf’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

29b.WasthadW@Or+’.s

Wilhaprtmtedocfor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Atafamityplannlngclinio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

OnanAIDShotllne? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Ataprenatalclinb? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Atan~DorsexualfytransmReddtseaseclink? . . . . . . . 4

AtanAtDSll+Vcounsallng mdlasting site? . . . . . . . . . . 7

Wlthsomeotherhealth professbnal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

WHhsomeolhercounselor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

30. Durlngthat discussbn, dkiyourecetve inform tbnabouttww

toavoldgetfingor passlngontheAIOS virus?1!

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

86

1

0

1

1

5

21

20

30

16

8

1

6

12

42

35

4

10

20

10

23

18

19

34

65

1

21

78

1

9

80

1

63

15

2

73

4

6

17

5

78

0

17

46

13

3

7

3

A

11

74

26

96

2

0

1

0

1

7

19

E

16

10

2

6

11

41

34

6

8

15

8

28

22

19

43

57

0

17

83

1

8

91

1

85

13

3

76

3

5

15

5

80

0

15

52

:

:

:

12

55

45

90

3

0

0

5

11

22

77

22

10

19

3

7

12

40

25

15

8

15

8

22

18

30

45

55

0

6

84

0

3

97

0

64

29

8

53

3

8

3s

1

63

0

36

43

9

9

9

9

:

4

57

43

94

3

0

0

0

2

7

21

z

12

12

2

6

12

43

28

9

10

17

8

25

18

22

53

47

0

18

62

1

8

91

1

77

18

4

6a

3

6

23

4

74

0

23

38

8

6

2

5

9

48

12

66

34

Percantdtstributbn’

94

2

0

1

0

3

9

20

~

15

13

2

6

11

39

34

9

7

16

9

24

21

24

31

88

0

11

69

0

5

84

0

77

19

4

67

4

6

23

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73

0

23

5a

:

:

5

33

10

59

41

95

2

0

0

0

2

8

20

:

14

12

2

6

11

41

32

6

7

18

9

!26

20

22

43

57

0

15

85

1

7

92

1

78

17

4

70

3

8

21

4

75

0

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51

:

2

1

6

37

11

57

43

92

3

0

0

4

11

24

14

24

12

14

4

9

12

39

25

10

13

16

9

19

15

28

34

88

0

9

80

0

2

9a

o

88

28

4

58

3

9

31

4

64

31

38

20

5

17

15

17

50

11

92

1

86

5

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14

20

14

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9

24

;

9

36

22

21

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32

33

87

0

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85

0

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9S

o

57

38

7

47

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8

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2

55

0

43

53

11

7

1

15

35

11

66

34

%

2

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17

28

14

11

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7

13

40

31

7

8

18

9

24

19

21

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61

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66

1

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83

1

76

18

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88

3

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22

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74

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10

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2

5

44

14

66

34

97

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0

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la

19

35

16

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5

11

44

37

4

5

13

2

24

19

59

!Xl

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79

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93

0

88

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79

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55

:

:

$

8

59

41

3eefoc4ndesstend oftable.
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected Al DS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Infewlews of the civilian noninslifulionalizad populatmn. The suwey deskjn, general CpalitCfdk3nS,end Information on the reliability of

the estimates are given in technical nOteS]

Age sex Race Edsm?tbfr

16-29 stL$9 50 years Less then Wore than

AIDS knowledge or afflfude Total years years and over Male Female WhHe Black 72 wrs 12 years 12 wam

31. Have you ever bean advised by a health professional not to

have the blood test for the AIDS virus Infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard oftesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32. Have you ever been adwsed by friends or relatives not 10 have

the blood lest for the AIDS VirUSInfachon?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftast’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33. tlaveyou hadyour blood tested forthe AIDSvirus lnfecfiin?

YesE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheard oftaet’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35a How many times have you had your blood tested for the AIDS

virus Infection?’

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-5tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-121imas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 12tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheard ofornevertooktests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35b. How many times In the past 12 months have you had your

blood tested for the AIDS virus lnfactk.x?’

Noneinthepast 12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheerd ofornevertooklest”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36. WastheteetAvere anyoflhe tasts, lrrcludlng tlKrsayouhad

beforethepeell 2monttw-1

Parlofablooddonafiin?a”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfofabloodtr6m$us!0n?0... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntarltysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part ofsomeother activtty fhalraquiree abloodsample?9. .

36. Didyouget therasults ofyourtesf/any ofyourlasts?D

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41. Doyouexpect tohavea blcmd WstfortheA lDSvirusinfectiin

Inthenexl 12monlhs?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42. Willthetastbe-l’10

Partofablooddonafiin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntarilysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PartofsomeolheracfMlythatraqulresabloodeemple? . .

44EL Did you have a blood tranfuslon at any lime between

1977and 1S65?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44b. Do you think the present supply of blood ts safe for transfusions?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DonTknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45. Here aresome methods paopieusa topreven! gettlngthe AlDS

vrus through sexual acttvlfy. How effective !s—

45a. Usmgadiaphragm?

Veyeffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not atalleffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknowhoweffectMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

76

0

23

1

76

0

23

17

59

1

Z?

5

1

1

0

0

10

63

2

4

1

:

74

1

14

13

55

44

1

7

66

;3

43

51

16

6

93

1

43

30

0

27

3

11

66

21

8

0

82

0

17

1

82

‘t7

26

56

1

15

7

2

1

0

0

14

74

3

7

2

14

74

74

1

15

16

!2a

40

2

:

5

17

41

56

19

4

95

1

49

31

20

3

13

61

17

6

1

84

0

15

1

64

0

15

21

54

2

14

5

2

1

0

0

12

60

2

5

1

;

76

1

15

11

55

45

0

6

73

4

15

45

46

11

5

94

1

45

30

0

25

2

L

16

6

0

64

0

36

0

64

0

36

7

56

2

35

2

0

1

0

A

1

2

1

4

83

72

4

10

13

47

51

2

3

56

3

36

44

39

25

8

90

2

37

29

34

3

11

46

29

11

0

77

0

23

1

76

0

23

21

66

1

21

5

2

1

0

0

12

79

3

5

1

12

79

75

1

12

15

64

46

0

8

65

5

23

45

44

20

6

93

1

46

28

0

26

3

12

56

20

9

Percent disfrlbufiinf

1

76

0

23

0

76

0

23

14

62

2

22

4

1

0

0

0

6

66

1

4

1

&

73

1

17

11

56

42

2

6

67

4

23

41

56

12

7

82

1

41

32

27

2

10

60

21

6

1

78

0

21

0

78

0

21

18

60

1

20

5

2

1

0

0

10

62

2

5

1

:

76

2

13

13

54

44

1

7

86

4

21

48

46

16

6

93

1

45

29

0

26

2

11

60

m

6

0

63

0

31

1

66

0

31

14

65

2

29

5

0

0

0

8

66

1

4

0

8

66

59

0

24

20

56

44

8

54

6

31

18

73

19

7

92

2

34

36

31

5

11

49

25

11

0

57

$

0

57

43

8

48

2

42

4

1

0

0

0

3

82

2

3

0

&

52

2

23

22

75

25

5

46

4

43

29

60

16

8

91

1

30

36

35

3

9

40

32

16

0

n

&

1

77

0

22

16

62

1

21

5

1

1

0

0

9

64

1

4

1

:

74

2

11

15

51

47

2

7

67

3

22

36

56

19

5

93

2

44

31

25

3

12

57

21

7

1

87

0

12

1

87

0

12

24

63

2

11

5

2

2

0

0

14

76

3

6

2

14

76

79

1

14

11

52

47

1

;6

5

12

53

41

i4

6

93

1

50

26

0

24

2

11

69

15

4

See fodrdes al end of table.
advancedata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by S4SCtSd characteristics: United States, September 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Inlervlews of the ctvllifm nonlnst~ut~nalked Populatbn. The survey design, general quedlfkatbna, and Information on me reliability of

the estimates are given m technkal nOteS]

Age sax Race Educatbrr

16-29 X-49 50 &vs Less man

,41DS knowledge or .fdMude

More man

Total ye.m yeas and oww Male Femafe W?vYe Black 12 prs 12 years 12 pars

45b. Using a condom?

Veryeffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

.SOmewttat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donllmow howetfectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Donlknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

46c. Using a sperrrwidaljelly,foam, or cream?

VervetfectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sornewhal effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Notatall etfactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Donlknow howeffaottue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Donlknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

45d. Having a vasectomy?

VeWeffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

.somewha teffactlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notatall effectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Don’tknow howeffecflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Don’tknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

45e. Two paople who do not have the AIDS virus having sex only

46.

47.

49.

52.

53.

54.

55.

wth each other?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Somewhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Nolatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Dorrlknow howeffacttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknow methaf.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What are your chances of having the AtDS vkus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

None. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

W?mtareyourchancee ofgetfhgtheAIOS virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Hlghchance ofatreadyhavlngAIDSvkus. . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Do you say your ctmnca of getting AIDS k high or madlum

beceuseyou-”

Havehadabloodtransfuslon?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Have had sexual contact wiih someone who m~ht have

thevlrus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Someotherreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Have you ever dbcussed AIDS w~h a frbnd or ralattve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Vv?Ienwasthelast tlrneyoudlscussect AIDSwlthafrlend or

relative?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

8-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

lE-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Neverdiscussad”2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Have you ever pemom.lly known anyone wilh AIDS or the

AIDSvitus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

How long has t bean since you Saw this DOfSOn?

Wlfh;npast2weel(s . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2weeks-lessttwnl month.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

lmonth-lessman3months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3montlw+ssfman6months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6montllsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . o

NeverknewanyonewrthAl&{s: ::::::::::::::::: 89

35

53

5

5

1

2

15

60

18

5

2

4

71

17

7

63

9

4

3

1

1

2

17

78

2

1

3

24

69

3

1

7

29

69

66

32

0

7

9

7

16

25

3:

12

87

1

1

1

1

2

8

0

88

33

55

5

5

2

2

15

63

17

4

2

2

11

5

87

7

2

3

1

:

15

60

2

0

2

72

3

1

4

19

67

72

28

0

9

9

7

17

25

5

28

14

64

2

2

1

1

1

9

0

66

22

52

5

16

5

1

11

44

32

12

1

2

81

24

12

79

8

1

8

3

0

1

8

67

4

0

2

10

63

5

0

15

2

78

49

51

1

5

6

5

10

15

5:

9:

1

0

0

1

1

6

0

92

31

53

4

9

3

1

15

52

23

8

2

3

70

17

9

63

7

2

5

2

:

15

79

3

1

3

20

72

4

1

10

22

66

58

41

0

7

7

6

13

20

5

42

:

1

:

1

1

7

0

89

29

53

6

9

2

1

12

59

22

6

1

2

72

17

7

83

8

2

4

2

0

1

11

64

3

0

2

16

77

4

0

5

13

73

67

33

0

8

9

6

16

24

2

12

87

2

1

1

1

1

8

0

68

30

55

4

8

2

1

14

67

22

6

1

2

74

17

7

85

;

4

1

0

2

13

63

2

0

2

;

3

0

9

21

69

64

36

0

7

8

6

15

22

6

37

11

88

1

1

1

1

;

o

89

29

46

9

13

3

2

13

51

24

10

2

4

59

22

14

72

11

4

6

4

1

2

14

76

7

2

2

17

70

7

1

6

8

66

60

40

0

10

8

7

14

16

4

40

16

81

3

2

1

2

2

9

0

64

25

41

8

19

6

1

8

43

31

16

1

2

50

27

19

70

11

4

11

5

1

2

7

65

7

0

3

:

8

1

8

23

76

43

56

1

5

6

5

10

13

5;

6

92

2

0

0

1

1

4

94

28

57

5

8

2

2

13

55

24

5

2

3

71

18

6

64

8

3

4

1

1

1

13

23

3

;

z

3

1

9

19

66

61

39

0

8

7

6

15

20

5

3e

10

m

1

1

1

1

:

0

90

35

56

4

4

1

1

17

64

15

3

1

2

63

10

4

91

6

1

2

1

1

2

17

79

1

0

2

24

71

2

1

6

14,

72

76

24

0

9

10

7

16

28

2:

16

62

1

2

1

1

1

11

0

64

See fcdmtes at end of !ab~e.
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from the

1988 National Health Intewiew Suwey, by selected Characteristics: United States, September 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civilian nonlns!ttullomsltzed popuiatlon, The survey Ch3SJgn,general C$MfICat10n3, and Informatbn on the rellablllly of

the eaumates are gtven In technlcel IIOteS]

Age sex Race EdUC8tkW7

I&a 3&49 50 )l%lrs Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or annude Total ymm yam and owr Male Female Whne Back 12 mm 12 years 12 P30rs

56.

57.

56.

59.

61,

62

How well 00 you know this person?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . .. d....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fairtywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’treally know personally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cnher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never knewanyone wtth AlDS13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Is any of these statements true for you?

a, You bavehamophllla andhava received cloftlng factor

concentrates since 1977.

b. You are a native of Haiti or Central or East Afrk%rwho has

enteraCt tha Unked States since 1977.

c. Youarea manwho Mehadsexw ilhanotherm anatSOme

tlmeslnce 1977, evenl time.

d. You have leken Illegal drugs by needle at any Ilt’rteWtos

1977.

e. Since 1977, youareor have been thesexparfner of any

person wtto would answer yes to any of me Items above

(57 ad).

f. Youhave tsadeex formoney ordrugs atanytlmeslnce

1977.

Yestoat !eastl statement ...<... . . + . . . . . . . . . . .

Noloall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The U.S. Public Health Servke has said that AIDS B one of me

malor health problems In the Cwntv but exactly how many

people It affects Is not Known. The Surgeon General has

proposed Ihat a study be conducted and Dlood SOmpleS be

taken to help fmd out how wkfespread the problem Is. It you

were selected In thk nalional sample of people to have their

blood tested whh assurances of privacy of tesf results, would

you have the lest?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dfher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wtw woulctn~ vou take owl In the test?”

2

3

4

2

1

69

2

97

0

0

7f

21

2

6

.

Don’twanttoknowillDaveAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’twantanycounsellng eboutAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fearl’ll get AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’tllketogtveblood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’ftrustGovemmentprogrems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

ftlsawesteofmoney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tb-elieve AIDScan reallybecured anyway . . . . . . . . 1

ether . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

When Federal publlc heatth Offkiak gtve Information about

AIDS, do you believe what they say or are you doubtful about

thelnformationthey give?

Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

When they [Dubfic health OffklalSl give aa +be abom how to

help keep f~om getting AIDS, do you behave their advico or are

you doubtful aboul what they saw

8etieve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2

:

2

1

88

4

96

0

76

19

1

4

8

1

2

5

3

1

49

9

69

27

4

80

17

3

2

4

5

2

1

66

3

97

0

73

20

1

6

6

3

8

19

8

3

2

44

9

66

30

5

6a

16

3

;

3

2

1

e2

1

w

o

0

66

25

2

6

4

0

6

11

5

3

1

60

9

56

34

10

72

19

9

Percent dktributlonl

2

3

4

2

i

69

3

96

0

74

21

:

6

1

9

15

9

3

1

51

8

62

32

6

78

17

5

2

.

:

2

1

66

2

es

o

0

69

22

2

6

6

1

6

16

5

3

2

52

10

64

22

7

77

18

5

i

4

2

1

89

9:

0

72

21

2

5

5

1

6

15

6

4

d

8

64

30

6

78

18

5

3

4

5

3

i

64

4

96

0

66

24

2

7

12

0

11

24

7

1

3

41

10

60

30

10

76

17

7

1

; 3 :

1 4 6

1 3

: 0 2

94 eo 64

2

96

0

1

64

27

2

7

6

2

9

12

4

5

2

49

14

2 3

96 97

0 0

72

21

2

6

7

1

7

18

6

3

2

46

6

75

19

1

5

6

2

6

15

9

2

1

56

6

53 62 70

33 33 26

14 5 4

66 77 64

22 19 13

12 4 3

I ~uh,ple ~w- my sumtoMOfO f~n lW.

‘Essedonpersom amwenrigyeeloquestim 4(mcludesy8elo queSion3).

S= on ~mm ~dw ~ to ~u~jm 11, wo YW tuw w childrenaged 10 thrcugh177 OuAion 12 wsz “HCWmanydo W ~ve~

4PemmamnW noordonlknowtO quesri0n27.

5_onWMm amv.wnngyestoquestca *

%hdesperxxa arewunngjesloquestlon 2(3sarKfnoordon’t knowtoquestlom 27md33.

7wonwamfi t00u05tlon33.3ee Mmea.

‘Peremsarmven~ noordon?kmw toquestlom~ Z7,snd33.

‘Eased on waom amwurmg w to questim % excludee POreora anshwnng yos to question 28a.

Iowonpmm ~riwwto qw5tlon41.

Itw onwmma-rl~ hlghOrti!um toqu0etion4e.

12medonRMm ~-n~mor dOn’tkrwwtOOunstlon ~.

13w~~onMEom ~wenw mordorftk~ toau-tion~.

14WMO” ~Mmfiam~r,~ptOqu-tlon~,
advanceckfta 11

Technical notes

The National Health Intetiew Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household intemiew survey.

Each week a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes was

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed interviews with 4,121 persons, or about 89

percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic for

example, the number of men who have had their blood

tested for the AIDS virus. The population figures in table I

are based on first-quarter 1987 data from the NHIS; they

are not official population estimates. Table 11 shows approximate standard errors of estimates presented in table 1.

Both the estimates in table 1 and the standard errors in

table II are provisionaL They may differ slightly from

estimates made using the final data file because they were

calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does

Table L Sample sizes for the 1988 National Health Interview

Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Anitudes and estimated adult

population 18 years of ●ge and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, Septemba 1988

EWmatad

Cheractewks

population /n

.Sample size thousands

Alladuils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age

W48years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3U49yeat3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50yearsand over . . . . . . . . . .

Sex

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race

Wlme.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Education

Lessthan 12years . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan12years . . . . . . . . .

4,121

974

1,626

1,521

1,726

2,395

3,292

656

930

1,559

1,596

174,528

47,725

66,108

60,695

82,703

91,825

151,003

19.107

41,503

66,475

62.363

not adjust for all the factors used in weighting the finaI data

file. A final data file covering the entire data collection

period for 1988 will be available in 1989.

Table IL Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1988

Age .%x Rata EducatJorr

78-29 3049 w ymm Less than

Estimated pment

More Z/ran

Total years yws and we? Male Female W77iie Black t2 YMCS 12 years 12 years

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.9 0.7

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.2 1.0

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.5 1.1

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 1.3

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.8 1.4

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.9 1.5

3Sor65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 20 1.5

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0 1.6

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.6

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.6

0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.1

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.5

1.2 1.1 0.9 08 1.8

1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 2.0

1.4 1.3 1.1 1,0 2.2

1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 2.3

1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.4

1.6 1.5 13 1.1 2.4

1.6 1.5 1,3 1,1 2.5

1.6 1,5 1.3 1.1 2.5

0.9

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

21

2.1

2.1

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

0.7

1.0

12

1.3

1.4

1,5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6
12 advancedata

Recent Issues of Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics

No. 163. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for August 1988 No. 160. AIDS Knowlege and Attitudes for May-June 1988

(In preparation) (Issued September 16, 1988)

No. 162. Practice Patterns of the Office-Based No. lS9. 1987 Summary National Hospital Discharge

OphthalmolOgkCTL4’MCS, 1985 (In preparation) Survey (Issued September 28, 1988)

No. 161. AIDS Knowlege and Attitudes for July 1988 No. lS8. Office Visits to Neurologists: 1985 (Issued July 12,

(Issued October 11, 1988) 1988)

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistks, D. A. Dawson.

AIDS knowledge and attitudes for September 1988,

Provisional data from the National Health Interview

Survey. Advance Data From V&d and Health

Sfatistrbs. No. 184.DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1250.

Public Health Se~”ce. Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further permission.
From Vial and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 185 ● March 30, 1989

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of Black Americans

Provisional Data From the 1988 National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D. and Ann M. Hardy, Dr.P.H., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

This report is one of two special reports examining

knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeficieney

syndrome (NIX) and the human immunodeficiency virus

(HIV) among minority subgroups of the U.S. population.

Based on data collected in the National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS), the report deseriies various aspects of

AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior for black

adults 18 years of age and over. It presents differentials by

age, sw and education for the black population and compares seleetwd measures for black and white individual.

The second of these special reports (Advance Data From

VW and Health St&”stks, No. 166) presents data for

Hispanic adults and compares them with data for their

non-Hispanic counterparts.

Both reports are based on provisional data for the

6-month period May-October 1988. These 6 months of data

have been combined to provide a sufficient number of

respondents to examine differences in knowledge among

various subgroups of the black and white populations.

Although some increases in knowledge occurred over this

period, the changes were of similar magnitude for black

and white adults and should not affect any comparisons

made in this repxt.

Since 1987, the National Center for Health Statistics

has included a speeial set of supplemental questions on the

adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about AIDS

and HIV in the NHIS. The first AIDS Knowledge and

Attitudes Survey was in the field from August through

December 1987. Provisional results of that survey were

published on a monthly basis in Advance Data From VW

and Health Statistics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153).

During the first 4 months of 1988, the NHIS AIDS questionnaire was revised to meet current program needs for

information about AIDS awareness.

The revised AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Sumey

entered the field in May 1988. Provisional findings for the

total population for the period May-October 1988 have

been published in Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics, Nos. 160, 161, 163, and 164. AU reports to date

have included separate estimates for the total white population and total black population, but they have not examined differences by age, se~ and education within these

populations.

The AKDS questionnaires were designed to estimate

public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS transmission

and prevention of MIX virus infection. The data were

needed as input for the planning and development of AIDS

educational campaigns and for monitoring major educational efforts, such as the series of radio and television

public service announcements entitled “A”merica Responds

to AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding AIDS:’ both

developed by the Centers for Disease Control.

The 1987 and 1988 AIDS questionnaires were developed by the National Center for Heafth Statistics and

interagency working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the

Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The

working groups included representatives from the Centers

for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration;

and the Health Resources and Serviees Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AIDS information; self-assessed level of AIDS

knowledge; basic facts about the AIDS virus and how it is

transmitted; blood donation experience; awareness of and

experience with the blood test for the AIDS virus; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures; selfassessed chances of getting the AIDS virus; personal

acquaintance with persons with AIDS or the AIDS virus;

and willingness to take part in a proposed national seropreU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advanwdata

valence survey. A general risk behavior question, similar to

that asked by the Red Cross of potentiaJ blood donors, is

included in the 1988 AIDS questionnaire.

This report presents provisional data for May-October

1988 for most items included in the AIDS questionnaire.

Tables 1 and 2, for black and white adults respectively,

display percent distributions of persons 18 years of age and

over by response categories according to age, sex, and

cxiucation. In most cases, the actual questions asked of the

respondents are reproduced verbatim in tables 1 and 2,

along with the coded response categories. In a few cases,

questions or response categories have been rephrased or

combined for clearer or more ecmcise presentation of

results. Refusals and other nonresponse categories are

excluded from the denominator in the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know” are included.

Questions in the NHIS AIDS survey used the term

“the AIDS virus” rather than HIV, because it was felt that

the general population might not be familiar with the more

scientific terminology when the survey began. In this report,

“the AIDS virus” will be used in place of HIV when it

reflects the way an individual question was worded.

For this report, characterization of race is based on

respondents’ descriptions of their racial backgrounds. For

each member of a household, the household respondent for

the main NHIS interview was asked “What is the number

of the group that represents ‘s race?” The choices

on the response card were Aleut, Eskimo, or American

Indian; Asian or Pacific Islander; black; white; and another

group not listed. In order to simplify interpretation of racial

differentials, only persons classified as black or white were

included in this analysis.

Selected findings

Patterns of knowledge and attitudes about AIDS and

HIV are essentiality the same within the black population as

for the U.S. population as a whole, with the greatest levels

of knowledge in both groups occurring among the young

and the well educated. Within categories of age, se% and

education, knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS generally are similar for black and white adults. There are

exceptions, though, especially in the area of perceived risk

of HIV transmission through casual rcntact with infected

individuals. The following highlights describe various aspats of AIDS knowledge and attitudes as obserwxl in the

NHIS data for the period May-October 1988, focussing on

differentials within the black population and differences

between black and white individuals. All differences cited in

the text are statistically significant unless otherwise noted

(see tables II and III for approximate standard errors of

estimates).

Sources of information about AIDS and HIV-During

the period May-October 1988, 86 percent of black adults

reported having seen public service announcements about

AIDS on television in the month preceding the NHIS

interview, and 51 percent heard such announcements on

the radio in the preceding month. Sixty-three percent of

black adults repcmtcd ever having read brochures or pamphlets about AIDS, 43 percent in the month preceding the

NHIS interview. Black adults 18-49 years of age more

frequently reported all of these forms of exposure to AIDS

information than did individuals 50 years of age amd over.

As has been shown for the general population, there was a

strong differential by education in the proportion of black

adults who reported each of the above sources of information (figure 1). For example, the proportion of individuals

who had ever read brochures or pamphlets about AIDS

increased from 44 percent of black adults with less than 12

years of school to 79 percent of those with more than 12

years of school.

Black and white adults were equally likely to have seen

AIDS public service announcements on television, but

black adults more frequently reported having heard announcements on the radio (51 compared to 46 percent).

This difference was most pronounced for persons with 12

or more years of school. Black individuals were slightly

more likely than their white counterparts to have read

brochures or pamphlets about AKDS in the month preceding interview-especially among persons with 12 or more

years of school.

Black adults were less likely than white adults to report

having received unsolicited AIDS brochures/pamphlets in

the mail (33 versus 38 percent) and from the Federal

Government (18 versus 29 percent) and were more likely

than white adults to have obtained these materials at work

(16 versus 11 percent) or at clinics (5 versus 2 percent),

There was no difference by race in the proportion of

persons who reported getting AIDS pamphlets or brochures from private doctors.

Sixty-two percent of all black adults with children between the ages of 10 and 17 years stated that their children

had received AIDS education in school. This proportion is

higher than the comparable proportion of white adults,

57 percent.

General knowledge about AIDS and HIV-In terms of

self-assessed knowledge about HIV and AIDS, 18 percent

of black adults felt they knew a lot, 38 percent some,

30 percent a little, and 13 percent nothing. The proportion

of black adults claiming to know a lot about AIDS increased with education, from 8 percent of those with less

than 12 years of school to 29 percent of those with more

than 12 years. Black persons 50 years of age and over were

less likely than younger adults to feel that they knew a lot

about AIDS, 10 compared to 21 percent.

In comparison to black adults, white adults were more

likely to feel that they knew a lot or some about HIV/AIDS

(23 aad 44 percent, respectively) and less likely to feel that

they knew little or nothing (25 and 7 percent). Among

persons under age 30, though, there was no diffemmce in

self-assessed knowledge between black and white aciults.

Objective measures of general knowledge about HIV

and AIDS varied by age as well for both black and white

adults, with individuals 50 years of age and over consistently

less likely than younger adults to identifi correctly selected

statements about AIDS as definitely true or false. As

illustrated in figure 2, persons with less than 12 years of

school were less knowledgeable about the general facts of
Uu w U9 Iwuubu “

Ever saw AIDS public servico Ever heard AIDS publk Sefvke

mmouneement on tekvislon announwment an the radio

100

80

20

0

100

so

20

e

r

Ever read pamphlets or

brochures about AIDS ~Q

Less than ?2 yearn More than

12 years 12 yews

ChI1dren 10-17 years of ago

raoelvad AIDS aducathm in sohool

SOURC4%IUatlonaI Cantor for HeaI!h StatIstlq DivIsIon of Health Intowiew Statfstlcs, National Haalth Interview Survey.

Figure 1. ProvtslonaI esthrmtas of percent of black and whttm adutts ●xposed to selected sources of AIDS information, by

edueatlon: United States, Ma y- Octobar 1988

HIV and AIDS than were those with 12 or more years of transmission, black adults were less likely to identib wrschocd, regardless of race. For the less well-known facts,

there was also a difference in knowledge between persons

with 12 years and with more than 12 years of =hool. For

example, the proportion of black adults who thought a

person could be infected with HIV and not have AIDS

varied from 32 percent of individuals with less than 12

years of school to 47 and 60 percent, respectively, of those

with 12 years and those with more than 12 years of school.

Within categories of education, there were few differences betsveen black and white adults in general knowledge

about HIV/AIDS. Both populations were equdy aware of

the risks of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse,

perinatal contact, and shared needles for illegal drug use. In

a few areas, however, black adults were less knowledgeable

than white adults, for example, less likely to know that

AIDS reduces the body’s natural protection against disease

(60 versus 76 percent for all levels of education combintxl)

and that a person can be infeeted with HIV without having

the disease AIDS (46 compared to 56 percent).

Misperceptions about HIV transmisswn-Since the first

data on AIDS knowledge and attitudes were collected in

the 1987 NFfIS, some of the most striking differences in

knowledge between black and white adults have been in the

area of HIV transmission. Although as likely as white

adults to identi& correctly activities with high risks of HIV

rectly the low or nonexistent risks assoc~ated with ~asual

cxmtact with infected individuals.

Figure 3 shows the proportions of black and white

adults who thought it very unlikely or definitely not possible

to become infected with HIV in various ways. These proportions increased with education for both black and white

adults, but within all categories of education were generally

5-10 percentage pints lower than for white adults. With

respect to “working near someone with the AIDS virus.”

for example, the percentage of black adults who thought it

very unlikeIy or definitely not possible to become infected

with HIV in this manner increased from 46 percent of

Wrsons with less than 12 years of school to 68 percent of

those with 12 or more years; for white adults, the mmparable proportions varied from 56 to 78 percent.

In general, the forms of contact perceived as least

threatening by both black and white adults were those that

involve mere proximity to or casually touching a person

infected with HIV. Those contacts seen as most threatening

by members of both races involve potential exchange of

saliva or blood.

Blood donatwn and testing-One-third (34 percent) of

all black adults in the United States reported ever having

donated blood, including 8 percent who had done so since

March 1985 (when routine screening for HIV antibodies
4 advanceckita

eara

(86)

AIDS leads to death 91 (s9)

91 (86)

There is no cure for

(79)

AIDS at pmaent (87)

85 (91}

Any person wllh the AIDS ............. ..<.;.:......................

. .. . .. .......

(77)

vtrus can paB8 It on (83) to someone else during

sexual Intercourse (81)

A pre nant woman who has

i!

(73)

t e AIDS virus can give 82 (79)

the virus to her baby 82 (81)

AIDS can reduce the (54)

body% natural protection (77)

agah?st disease (88)

AIDS Is an infectloue

disease caused by

a Vtnls

A person can be infected

with the AIDS vlrue and

not have the disease AIDS

(47)

(61)

(72)

(36)

(55)

(68)

A pemon who haa the

AIDS VIIUS can look

and feel healthy and wett

o 20 40 so 80 I(M

Percent

SOURCE: National Oenter for Health Stutlatles, Dlvlsion of Health Interview Statlstloa, Nationai Health !ntorvtaw Survey.

NOTE Figures In parentheses ●m comparable ●stlmatea for white adults

FI Ure 2. tWOWSIOnalestimates or percent or BlacK adults who though! seIecteU atlitHtM3TltS a130Ut AIDS rleflnltely tTUe, By

er?ucatlon: Unl!ed States, May-October 1968

began) and 3 percent who had done so in the year prcceding interview. In comparison, 42 percent of white adults

had ever donated biood, including 14 percent since March

1985 and 7 percent in the preceding year.

Just over half (55 percent) of black adults believed that

blood donations are now routinely tested, as mmpared to

69 percent of white adults. Most of this difference can be

explained by the lower proportion of black adults who had

ever heard of the blood test to detect HIV antibodies—

66 percent compared to 78 percent for white adults.

The proportion of black adults who had ever heard of

the blood test for HIV infection varied from 48 percent of

those with less than 12 years of school to 70 and

83 percent, respectively, of those with 12 and more than 12

years. Persons 50 years of age and over were much less

likely than those age 18-49 years to have heard of the test

(50 versus 73 percent).

In all, 14 percent of black adults had taken the blood

test for HIV antibodies. This figure includes 7 percent who

reported having had the test and another 7 percent who

claimed they had not had their blood tested but who had

donated blood since March 1985, when routine screening

for HIV antibodies began. The proportion of black persons

who ever had their blood tested for HIV infection

decreased with age (from 19 percent of those age 1S-29

years to 7 percent of those 50 years and over), increased

with education (from 7 to 22 percent, respectively, of those

with less than 12 and more than 12 years of schctcd), and

was higher for men (17 percent) than for women

(12 percent).

White adults were slightly more likely than their black

counterparts to have had their blood tested for HIV (17

compared to 14 percent), with all of the excess falling into

the category of individuals who did not report having had

their blood tested but who had donated blood since automatic screening began. Among persons who had been

tested for HIV, the proportion who had done so vo:luntariiy

(as opposed to in cmnection with blood donationltransfusion or some other activity entailing routine screening of

blood for HIV antibodies) was almost twice as lhigh for

black as for white adults (27 versus 14 percent).

Ten percent of black adults reported plans to have their

blood tested for HIV antibodies in the next 12 months, a

figure that dedincd with age from 15 percent of persons

aged 18-29 years to 4 percent of those 50 years of age and

over. Of the black individuals who reported plams to be

tested, 72 percent stated that the test would be performed

on a voluntary basis; 19 percent said the test would be

carried out in connection with blood donation/transfusion,

and 21 percent said it would be performed as part of some
advancedata 5

m Lass than 12 years m 12 years BIXl More than 12 years

Llvlng near mIrospltal or home for AIDS patfents

.....,.’..., . .. . . :,.. ,...’... + ... ... ....%... (68)

(82)

82 (90)

Sharing platea, forks, or glasses with

someone who has the AIDS virus

(36]

(45)

49 (56)

Shaking hands, touching,or klsslng on the Being coughed on or sneezed on by

cheek someone who has the AIDS vlms someone who has the AIDS virus

(59)

(71)

75 (a1)

(32)

{44)

48 {53)

Attendtng school with a chtld who Eating In a restaurant whers

has the AIDS virus the cook has the AIDS virus

[59)

(72)

75 (82)

Working near someone with tho AIDS vima Mosquitoes or other Insects

(56)

(68)

(78]

y3:

39

43 (56)

Using publlc tolleta

Klsslng-with exchange of sallvrf-

. z person who has the AIDS virus

o 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent Percent

SOURCE National Center for Health Statlsttc& Dlvfaion of Health lntmvlew Statlstlca, National Health Intervksw Survey

NOTE: Figures In parentheaea are comparabIa estimates for white adults

Figure 3. Pfoviaional ●atimatos of porcont of black ●duits who thoughf ii very unlikaiy or definitely not possiblo to become

infected with HIY In eelected ways, by education: Unltad States, May-October 1988

other activity requiring a blood sample (e.g., military Perceived effectiveness of condoms increased with educainduction).

Plans for future HIV testing differed sharply for black

and white adults. Black individuals were almost twice as

likely to report plans for testing (10 versus 6 percent), and

of those with plans to be tested a greater proportion

pIanned to do so on a voluntary basis (72 versus

49 percent). In contrast, white adults more frequently

stated that the test would be performed as part of blood

donation/transfusion, 46 percent compared to 19 percent

for black persons.

Seven percent of all black adults and 6 percent of

white adults received blood transfusions between 1977,

when HIV is thought to have entercxl the United States,

and 1985, when routine screening of blood donations for

HIV began. .4s of May-October 1988, one-third

(34 percent) of black adults believed that the blood supply

was safe for transfusions. This proportion increased with

education, but at all levels of education it was about

10 percentage points lower than the figure for white adults.

&O,en~n ofH~ ~~~~~sion—Twen@.ninepercent

of black Americans evaluated use of condoms as very

effective in preventing HIV transmission, and 47 percent

cmsidered this method somewhat effective. Only 8 percent

thought condoms not at all effective: 17 percent either did

not know of the method or did not know how effective it is.

tion. The proportion of black adults who considered this

method to be very or somewhat effective in preventing HIV

transmission increased from 58 percent of those with less

than 12 years of school to S9 percent of those with more

than 12 years; for white adults, the comparable proportions

varied from 69 to 93 percent.

The proportion of black aduhs who considered maintaining a monogamous relationship with a seronegative

individual to be a very effective means of protection against

HIV infection was 71 percent, considerably lower than the

estimate of 84 percent for white adults. This proportion

increased with education, from 59 percent of black persons

with less than 12 years of school (compared to 73 percent

of white individuals with this level of education) to

81 percent of those with 12 or more years (90 percent for

white adults).

Pexeived risk of HIV infection —Seventy-one percent

of black adults felt there was no chance of their becoming

infected with HIV, and 19 percent asssessed their chance

of infection as low. Three percent felt their risk was medium, and less than 1 percent re~rted a high risk. Another

1 percent thought their was a high chance that they were

already infected with HIV. Six percent did not know their

risk of HIV infection. In the white population, a slightly

higher proportion (74 percent ) 0[ adults felt that they were
6 advancedata

at no risk of becoming infected with HIV, whereas slightly

fewer (3 percent) did not know their degree of risk.

Perceived risk of infection increased with education but

decreased with age for both black and white adults. Women

were slightly more likely than men to assign themselves into

the “no risk” category, 74 compared to 66 percent in the

black population and 78 compared to 71 percent in the

white population.

Four percent of black adults reported themselves as

belonging to one or more groups associated with excess risk

of HIV infection: homosexual men, intravenous drug users,

hemophiliacs, etc. For white adults, the proportion was

2 percent. Black men were more likely than black women

to report belonging to these groups, 6 compared to

2 percent. hong white adults, the proportion reporting

themselves as belonging to one or more of these groups did

not differ by sex: 3 percent for men and 2 percent for

women.

Fourteen percent of black adults reported knowing

someone with AIDS or HIV, compared to 10 percent of

white adults. This proportion increased with education for

members of both races, reaching 21 percent of black adults

with 12 or more years of school.

Reaction to government AIDS efforts— Seventy percent

of black Americans stated that they would be willing to

participate in a national seroprevalence survey, about the

same proportion as for white individuals. Likewise, the

percent of persons who stated that they believed information about AIDS supplied by the Federal Government was

similar for black and white adults (64 and 65 percent), and

the proportion that believed government advice about how

to keep from getting AIDS was only slightly lower for black

than white individuals (76 versus 79 percent). Among persons with 12 or more years of school, though, the differences were larger. In this most highly educated category,

black adults were less likely than white adults to trust

government information (64 versus 71 percent) and advice

(79 versus 85 percent) and to indicate willingness to participate in the national seroprevalence survey (66 versus

74 percent).
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provlslonal estimates of the percent of black adults 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected Al DS knowledge and attitudes from

the 1988 Natfonal Health interview Survey, by age, sex, ●nd education: United States, May-Ootober 1988

[Data are based on household Intervlewe of the ctdlkm nonlnslltuttonallzad populatkm. The survey design, general qualtfkalbns, and information on the rel~bMty of

the estimates are given In tachn!ad notes]

Age sex Educatlorr

18-29 3CW9 60 years Lass Jhan More than

ADS knowledge or affhde Total w yswrs and ow Male Femaie 12 years 12 years 12 years

PerCant dLstrlbulionl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.

1s.

1b.

2

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21.

22.

23a.

In the past month, have you–

Seen any publlc eervlca announcements about AIDS on

telavlsiom?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heard any pubik service announcements about ADS on

the redo?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donltmow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Were any of those publlc s.mica announcements callLM

“Amer’lca Responds to AIDS”?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neilherheardnor sawanypubllcservka announcements..

In the past month, have you read any brochures w pamptrlels

about AlOS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets -ut AtDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonllmow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

where did you get the parnphtets or brochures’71’2

Clinic, otherthanwo*cllnlc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doclor’soffica (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PubllcfY3atthdepartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

R=N@lnm~lwhhoM=klng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RedCroWRedCrossblooddonatbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OlherblrXxi donatlorr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scholl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Serrt/phonedfor/raquastadK.,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Federal/State/localgovemment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, otherthan cllnlcornurse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, nursaorcurrlo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you av~r dlsoUssed AIOS with any of your children

aged 10-17?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Havoanyorallof yourchlldranagad 10-17 hedlnstnrctbn at

sohoolaboutAlDS?3

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon!knc+v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How much would you say you know about AIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tothe best of your knowledge, Stherea difference bstwean

having the AIDS virus and having the d- AIOS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can reduce the body’s natural protactbn againstdlsaase.

Oeflnltelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttefyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknc+v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6aefodnotesaterd oftable.

la)

68

12

2

51

45

4

31

12

45

12

43

58

1

63

38

1

5

12

3

d

o

0

8

1

18

16

4

16

0

60

40

62

11

28

18

3a

30

13

0

55

19

0

26

60

13

4

6

17

100

88

11

1

5s

39

3

38

14

39

8

45

54

1

68

31

0

8

13

3

5

29

0

0

15

0

15

15

3

15

0

44

s

47

21

32

20

!33

26

4

59

25

1

15

66

13

4

7

10

100

w

9

i

56

41

4

33

13

45

9

50

49

1

70

30

0

5

13

3

4

34

0

0

5

1

16

a

6

18

0

64

36

62

;

22

42

w

6

62

19

0

18

67

11

4

5

13

103

60

16

4

39

56

5

20

10

62

18

32

66

2

49

49

2

2

11

3

3

40

1

3

0

24

12

3

16

2

42

58

69

2

30

10

21

35

33

0

40

12

0

47

43

17

3

7

31

100

86

13

2

55

42

3

31

13

43

12

38

61

1

59

40

1

4

9

3

4

32

0

0

9

18

18

2

19

0

41

5S

56

10

33

17

36

31

15

0

55

18

0

26

63

13

3

6

16

lW

87

11

2

49

47

4

31

12

47

11

47

52

1

87

32

1

7

15

3

4

34

1

0

7

1

18

15

6

15

1

73

27

65

11

24

19

40

30

12

55

m

o

25

57

14

4

7

18

la)

77

20

3

39

56

5

26

11

44

19

m

68

1

44

54

2

8

9

5

3

?9

o

10

0

21

7

2

11

1

47

63

55

6

39

8

25

37

30

0

35

19

0

45

40

16

4

7

M

100 100

89

9

1

55

42

3

36

12

43

9

46

54

1

69

31

0

6

13

3

4

33

1

0

6

1

17

15

4

20

0

63

37

67

12

21

16

42

32

7

0

55

23

1

21

62

14

5

7

12

93

6

1

61

35

4

31

14

49

6

55

44

1

79

21

1

4

14

3

5

31

0

10

1

16

23

6

16

0

69

31

59

14

26

29

:

2

77

13

0

9

78

10

2

5

6
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of black ●dults 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with aeleotad AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 19SS National Health Intarvlew Survey, by age, aexj ●nd education: United Statea, May-October 19SS-Con.

[Data are based on household Inlervkvs of the CIVIIIEIIInonkrs!tfufbnaIlzed Populatbn. The survey daskgn, general quefiflcatbrre, and Informatbn on the relk3bilttyof

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Am sax Edwtkm

18-B W9 50 yeafs Less than Mota than

AIDS knowia@a or affflude Total years yam arrd owr Male Female 12 )19ars 12 &sra 12ylsera

23b.

23s.

23d.

23e.

23f.

239.

23h.

231.

AIDS ts aspeclelty common h older peopb.

Deflntlety tre e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltely felse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorr’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can damage the brain.

Deflnttely tre e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebly true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defirrltely faiW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS usuetly leads to hesut disease.

Defirrftely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebly true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebtyfetse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DeflnltelyfaM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSlsenlnfecfbus dlseesasaueedby avirus.

Definlteiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfelea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DeflntfeiyfaJse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Teenagers cannot get AIDS.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfetse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS leads to death.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftnftelyfalee.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apersmcan belnfected wtthlheAIDSvWs andnothevethe

(fIsaase AIDS.

Deflnitelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Looklngafaparson Isenoughlo!elltfhe orshahasttw

AIDSvinJs.

Deflnitelytm e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23J. Any~mon wtlfrthe AIDSviruscanpassl

during sexual trrlercourse.

Defmitelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProbablyWue. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

on to someone else

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23k. ApereonwhohesIheAIDSvimscan IookenrlfWlheeJfhy

and well.

Daftrrftelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftnitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231. Apregnanl womanwhohastheAIDSvtrus cangMetheAIDS

Wustoherbaby.

Defmtfelytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytrua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntlelyfalsa, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don~knmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

3

16

67

12

30

31

7

6

27

12

24

12

11

40

60

18

2

3

16

1

1

5

87

5

88

6

0

1

4

46

22

4

8

21

3

5

17

62

13

81

12

1

t

5

40

29

7

8

16

79

14

0

1

7

2

4

19

69

T

27

30

10

8

25

10

24

14

15

38

66

20

2

3

9

1

1

5

93

1

90

6

0

1

1

50

26

4

11

9

3

7

16

70

4

63

13

1

1

2

45

33

8

7

7

83

12

1

1

3

2

2

14

75

8

32

31

6

6

25

12

25

14

13

37

66

15

1

4

13

1

1

3

92

3

92

5

0

1

2

53

19

5

7

17

3

3

16

69

10

86

9

1

1

3

48

27

6

7

12

64

12

0

0

4

2

3

16

56

24

30

32

4

2

33

14

24

8

6

48

46

21

2

3

28

2

1

8

75

13

81

8

0

1

9

32

21

3

:

3

6

18

46

27

73

13

1

1

12

25

27

9

9

30

67

18

0

1

14

3

3

17

64

12

31

31

5

5

27

11

25

12

14

%

61

16

2

3

15

1

1

8

87

5

88

6

0

1

4

47

19

5

;

3

6

18

81

11

81

12

0

1

5

43

26

8

8

15

76

14

1

1

8

1

2

15

70

12

28

31

7

8

27

13

24

13

10

41

59

19

2

3

17

1

1

4

88

6

88

7

0

1

4

45

23

4

2;

3

5

16

63

14

82

11

1

;

38

31

7

8

16

61

13

0

1

6

3

5

:

23

26

w

5

3

34

16

22

9

7

47

46

19

2

4

2

2

8

75

13

63

7

0

1

6

32

19

4

3;

4

6

19

4T

24

T7

10

1

1

11

26

25

6

9

29

72

15

0

1

12

:

15

73

8

29

30

7

7

28

9

26

11

14

39

65

19

2

3

12

1

1

4

92

2

91

6

0

1

2

47

23

6

9

15

3

6

16

85

9

66

12

0

1

3

43

29

7

10

11

82

13

1

1

4

1

0

15

78

5

33

33

8

7

19

12

24

16

13

33

m

17

1

4

8

1

0

3

95

1

91

7

0

1

1

E

2

6

9

2

3

z

5

82

13

2

1

2

51

33

5

4

7

82

13

0

1

4

2ee foamtes at end of table.
advancedata 9

Table 1. Provisional ●stlmates of tfte percent of black adults 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd attitudes from

the 1968 Natfonal Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, aexj ●nd aducatfon: United States, May-Ootobar 1988-Con.

[Dafa are Based on household krtmisws d the chitiarrnonhstlfutbnalizedpopulathm The survey design, general quaHffcaflOrm and Informafbn on the rellabiltty of

ma esllmates are gNen In technioal notes]

A$XS sex Educat&rr

16-29 3&49 5oy15ws Less tfriwl More fhan

AIDS &now/@@e w atfWde Tof# w MWS and ow M* Female 12pm 12 )avs 12 yesls

23rrr. There @a VaOOlfWavailable fo the public lhd protects a parson Percent dietrlbutbn’ from@tkw theAIDS WUS.

3

5

11

63

18

60

8

1

5

8

2

10

39

30

12

5

12

15

34

24

70

11

25

12

22

13

17

26

26

12

15

5

14

4

10

15

36

24

10

13

20

14

25

15

13

9

16

14

29

19

13

2

4

11

62

22

4

5

11

46

34

2

5

11

66

16

1

3

10

76

10

2

4

11

62

20

79

7

1

4

8

4

5

10

37

33

12

4

11

15

34

25

11

10

22

13

24

14

16

27

27

11

13

7

14

4

9

2

27

11

E

13

24

16

14

9

16

:

20

15

1

5

13

66

12

62

6

:

5

:

10

32

u

6

4

12

16

35

26

5

;:

z

17

9

25

29

13

15

7

10

3

9

;

31

4

11

19

15

28

16

8

9

15

17

22

22

9

3

4

9

62

15

84

6

:

6

4

3

6

38

39

7

5

10

13

36

26

7

9

18

:

17

14

27

26

12

15

8

12

4

7

:

32

8

13

18

13

25

20

12

7

13

12

32

23

12

3

4

11

46

36

70

11

2

2

14

3

6

12

33

23

24

4

13

15

26

z

11

24

10

19

2

xl

28

9

7

2

6

12

14

31

X’

15

25

11

17

2

10

m

2

13

25

rmkllfaytnla .............................

~- ..............................

~~~..................... ........

Deflnlfely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DoINWIOW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There Is no cure for AIDS at present.

Deflnttety true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probal)fytme.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbablyfatse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dethltelyfaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wlk~ti~th~k RblMapm Wl@NDSwt~

AIDS virus Inkfbn froM—

LMng neara hospital or home for NDS patients?

Varyltkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vwyunllkefy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftnlfelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Worwng near sorneonawMhtha NDSvirus?

Varyllkaiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOrnsWafllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOmeWatunlUre~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Varyunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definnetynotpsslbla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eaflngharesfaurant Maretheoookhas thaAIDSvlrus?

Veyllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewhafunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Varyurrllkety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Damlkaynotposslbf e........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IOsshg-wthexchanga dsaikfa-aperson WIOhasfha

AIDS VkUS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smewllatllkay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOmeWatunlifrety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vwyunllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LMrrRetyn04p0asiMa... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sfrakinghands,touchlng, ork~ontfwctreak someone

r#twlrastheAIDS virus?

Vafyllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6onrewhatllirely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhafunllkfriy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunillrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definlteiynotposalble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sharlngplates,foms, orglasseswlthsomeone whohastha

AIDS vkus?

Wrylmly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOrneWatllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6omewhafunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VwyunlNcety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflrrnetyndpo631ble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using publlctouets?

23n.

79

8

1

3

8

71

10

2

3

14

8j

6

2

5

6

65

7

1

3

4

24.

24a.

24b.

240.

24d.

246.

24f.

249.

5

6

10

33

22

24

4

6

10

37

36

7

2

3

9

41

41

4

4

5

$

35

12

7

12

14

26

18

21

4

11

14

34

25

11

4

12

14

36

27

7

2

10

15

40

26

5

10

19

15

25

15

18

12

23

10

19

:

11

22

13

24

16

13

7

21

18

29

16

10

27

28

11

11

8

15

31

26

12

12

8

11

21

33

14

17

7

8

4

8

13

34

30

11

7

10

13

31

20

20

4

$0

16

33

30

8

2

6

13

43

33

4

z

10

18

11

21

:

14

23

19

11

10

17

15

31

18

9

8

16

12

27

20

16

12

20

10

21

13

24

9

17

:

22

12

5

10

16

38

24

7

Veryllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOmeWmfllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SmeWratunllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V~unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dafhlrefynotpoeslbki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorrlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOOrtdmleas?wddtik
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of black ●dults 18 years of age ●nd over wfth seleoted AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 1968 Natfortel Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, se% ●nd education: United States, May-October 198S-Con.

[Data are based on household Infawkwvs of the cfvillan nonlnslltufbnfdlzd populatbn. The survey Oaslgn, general qualtfkatkms, md Inbrrnafbn on the rellatWty of

the estimates are gtvan In technical notes]

Aga sex Ed-t&n

1/?-29 .3(H9 Soyaafs Less than Mom than

AIDS knowledge or atimd-e TokII P Y813?5 and owr Mate Fernafa 12 pars 12 pafs if2 years

24h.

241.

24j.

24k,

25.

26a

Xb.

27.

28.

29a.

29b.

30.

seefc

Sharing needles for drug use with someone who has Ihe

AIDS VkUS?

Veryllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mawhaf likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaf unllKely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltely wX possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SaIng coughed or sneezed on by someone who has the

AIDS vlms?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawtmtl lkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.$bmawha funllkel y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VeryunlikeFy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Daflnlfeiy nolposslbla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Attending school wlfh a child who has the AIDS virus’1

Very llkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawtmtl lkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somawhafunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkeiy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnflelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Moequltoasorothar Insects?

Veryllkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mawhafllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfeiynot pos-elble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyouevardonalad bbod?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyoudonat&d bioodslncaklaroh 1966?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyoudonatad bloodlnfhep.sst12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever heard of a blood test that cart detect the AIDS

vkuslnfectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To the best of your Imowiedga, am blocd donatbns rouflnely

tasladnowfcxthe AIDSvkuskrfacfbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverhmrdoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyoueverrecatved COunsellngorhad atafkwiihamsdth

profassbnalabouf taklnglheAiDSvirus test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknc%v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naverhaardofteet’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wasthedlszussbn-l”s

wfthaprtvatedocfo~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Atafamlly-ptannlngcltnk? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OnanAIDShotllna? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ataprenatalcllnic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

At an STDoreaxuallytransmMed dkease clinic? . . . . . . .

Atari AIDS/HIV counseling andtesIlng she? . . . . . . . . . .

Wtthsome ofherhealttr profasslonal?. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Withsomeotheroounsalor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Durtngthatdiscussbn, dktyouracatve tnform~tkm abwfhow

to avokY geftlng or passing on the AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

drdeatetiof table

91

4

0

1

1

4

10

22

E

~4

16

3

9

2

27

13

12

19

2

16

25

34

66

0

a

91

0

3

97

0

66

28

5

56

3

8

34

6

61

0

34

47

13

2

9

6

9

39

13

79

19

1

94

3

0

1

1

1

8

20

20

27

16

9

2

9

14

37

31

7

12

21

10

23

17

17

25

75

0

12

66

0

5

95

0

75

21

4

64

4

6

26

7

66

0

25

40

20

1

15

7

7

33

11

63

15

2

93

3

0

1

1

2

8

19

15

27

18

13

3

7

13

37

31

8

12

16

9

21

18

23

39

62

0

9

91

1

3

96

1

72

24

5

62

3

7

26

5

66

26

51

7

3

4

10

44

15

75

24

1

64

5

0

:

10

14

29

11

15

6

26

5

11

13

29

18

24

x

8

15

2

39

61

1

4

96

1

1

96

1

S3

43

8

36

2

10

51

2

47

4

56

9

9

;

17

44

16

64

16

Pementdistrlbutbnl

90

4

0

1

1

4

10

25

15

23

13

14

3

10

14

35

25

12

13

21

9

20

14

23

45

66

1

10

90

1

3

96

1

64

30

6

55

3

6

36

7

57

0

36

46

14

2

6

9

11

28

11

78

21

1

91

:

1

1

4

10

20

16

23

14

17

3

7

13

34

30

13

10

18

4

17

x

25

75

0

7

92

0

3

97

0

6a

27

5

55

4

9

32

3

64

:

46

13

1

74

:

40

17

81

17

2

64

5

0

1

1

9

15

26

11

16

6

24

5

11

12

30

18

22

15

21

8

16

9

32

30

70

1

3

86

1

9!f

1

46

45

7

36

3

9

52

3

45

5:

51

13

10

2

16

39

6

69

22

8

93

3

0

1

:

9

22

77

23

16

13

3

9

:

32

9

11

19

2

20

21

a

70

0

9

91

0

2

0

70

25

5

59

3

7

31

4

m

o

30

26

27

10

12

5

36

10

66

12

96

3

0

1

1

1

6

19

;

17

6

1

5

13

42

33

6

9

18

E

:

43

57

0

2

1

4

1

63

14

4

72

4

7

17

8

74

0

17

60

4

3

;

10

41

16

77

23
advancedata 11

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of black ●dults 18 years of ●go and over with selected AIDS knowiedge and ●ffltudes from

the 196S National Health Interview Survey, by ●go, sex, and education: Unitad States, Msy4ctober 1986-Con.

[Data am based on household Interviews C4me c+dtlan nonlnskltuflonalized populatlorr. The sway deskgn, general quallfkatlor’m and infc+rnation on the rellabiltiy of

ths astknakes are ghfen In twhnloal notas]

A@ ax Edrhxtknr

18-29 -9 50 years L&$s itran Mom than

AIDS knowiad@ or atlNuda Tc411 ytws ymrs andover MaM Fanrahs 72 yaws 12 pars 72 j’wrs

31.

32.

33.

35a

36.

38.

41.

42.

44a

44b.

45.

Have you ever been advk.ed by a heatfh professkmaJ nc4 to

have the blood test for the AIDS vkus Infecticm?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dc+Ytknow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N9verflear de ftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever bean advbed by friends or relathes not to have

the bloog test for the AIDS virus tnfectlon?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naverheard oftest4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you had your blood lasted for the AtDS vkus Infacfton?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard oftast’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How many tlrrqa have YOU had your blood tested for the AJDS

wlrus klfwflon?

once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Htinws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-12tknes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mweman12tknes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevarheardorcwnevertooktest’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wmmyl*ht-@12Mtfih$w~M~r

Mood tested for the #JDS virus Infection?

Nonekllhepa?t 12monltw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethanonce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NeverhaardofornevertooktestB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wes the test/were any of the t~, Including those you had

beforethepast12 months–i’

Partofab!c=Wdonatlon?s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfofabloodtransfuslon?... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntaritysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PertofsomeotheraofbNythafrequiresab100dsample? . .

Dtdyougetthemsulfs ofycwfesf/anyof ycurtests?e

Y- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doyouexpecttoheve abfomltestforlha AtDSvkuslnfeoflon

hthenext12months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RUkEif.tiff:::::::::: :::::::::::::::

Wlllthetestbe-’”o

Pertc4ablooddo4Mon? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vofunfartlysough~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partofsomeotherecflwlfythelrequkeaabfocdsample? . .

Didyouhaveablocd tranfusbnafanytime befween

7977 end 19657

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E%l&&:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doywthinklhepresenf suppfyofblood Lssde fmhnfustmw?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Okhef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Herearesornemaihodspeof)&usetofxwentgaftingtheAtDS

Vtrusfhroughsexual aottdly.t-foweffeotfve iJ–

UsJno a dbohragm?

ikryekcflk.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somwhateffecftte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nc4ataileffecflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowrnathod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8a0rcuric4aatsrsrdrab10.

o

66

0

34

0

66

0

34

2

2

5

1

:

;

W3

1

5

1

6

88

s

4

23

72

27

0

10

49

7

34

19

72

21

4

1

34

34

32

5

12

47

24

11

0

74

25

0

74

25

19

66

2

23

6

;

o

0

9

81

$

;

61

68

2

22

70

30

:

8

25

23

70

21

6

94

1

35

36

27

7

:

21

9

0

71

2:

1

71

26

15

67

4

5

1

;

;

88

1

5

2

2

65

d

22

77

22

0

;

7

28

18

76

20

8

91

2

34

38

30

5

E

20

8

PerwtdWlbutfonl

o

84

36

1

63

36

17

47

1

35

6

2

2

0

0

7

83

2

7

2

2

49

Ji

xl

71

29

12

45

7

36

21

m

26

6

93

1

38

32

32

8

:

26

15

0

67

0

32

0

86

0

32

12

56

2

3)

4

1

0

0

0

7

89

1

4

1

6

89

61

2:

14

75

25

0

;

2

18

76

13

7

92

1

32

36

33

3

:

24

8

46

0

52

1

48

52

7

41

1

51

2

1

0

0

3

93

1

3

1

$

41

2

m

27

82

18

:

5

62

21

66

26

6

92

1

25

36

38

6

:

33

20

0

69

31

1

69

31

14

55

2

5

1

1

0

;

86

1

5

1

7

88

59

1

23

25

69

31

11

51

7

m

24

73

16

7

92

1

38

36

29

6

13

46

23

9

0

82

0

17

0

62

0

17

22

61

2

16

7

2

2

0

0

11

79

2

7

2

10

78

54

1

30

19

70

29

0

2

9

17

12

77

24

:

1

41

29

30

4

:

16

5
12 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of black atiulta 18 yeara of age ●nd over with aeleoted AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 1988 National Health interview Survey, by age, sex, ●nd education: United States, May-October 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninsfiiufnnallzed populatbn, The survey dewgn, general qualificatbns, and Inforrnatbn on the rellabllily of

the estlmaies are given In Iechn!cal noles]

AW sex Educat&n

l&?9 m9 50 years Less than

AIDS knowladge or attttude

/Uore than

Total years pars and over Male Female 12 pars 12 years 12 years

— .

45b.

4*.

45d,

46e.

46.

47.

49.

52.

53.

54.

55.

seef.a

Uskrg a condom?

Veryeffacttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhat effecflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatali effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howeffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using a sperrrriciialjelly, foam, or cream?

VeryeffwtNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat effactMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notalall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howeffacttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’Iknow metlmd.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Havhg a vasectomfi

Veryeffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow howeikcttue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Two people who do not have the AIDS virus havhg sex only

wtth each othefl

Veryeffsctive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tdotatal leffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’flrnow howeffacttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fkncw method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whal are your chancee of having the AtDS virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whalareyourchancas ofgatflngtheAIDS Wus?

Huh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknc+v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hlgllchanceofalreadyheving AtDSvlrus . . . . . . . . . . . .

Do you say yoq~ chance of gattlng AIDS is high or medium

tMcause you–

Havehadabloodtransfusbn?... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have had sexual COfItaCtwith someone who might have

thevkus?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Someotharreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever d!scussad AIDS with a bland or relatlve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlimow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whenwaslhelasl tlmeyoudlscussed AIDSwlthafrland or

rela!tve?

04daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-14 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tKnow.. .

Nmerd&u~i2”::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Have you ever personally known anyone with AIDS or the

AIDS VkUS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howlonghasttbeen slnceyouaawthis parson?

Within paat2weaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2weakWasstmsnl month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lmonth-bss.lhan3 months.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3months-tessthan6months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6morrthsormore. ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don7know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverknew6nyonewithAtDS1s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ameeafecdof table.

29

47

8

13

4

3

12

48

27

10

2

4

57

24

13

71

13

5

9

3

1

2

15

76

6

1

3

19

71

6

1

9

23

57

82

37

0

10

13

7

12

14

5

38

14

M

3

1

1

1

2

9

0

68

34

49

7

8

2

3

15

50

23

6

3

6

60

22

9

73

14

6

5

2

1

3

19

74

4

1

3

24

67

4

1

2

31

61

67

32

0

9

12

8

16

76

4

33

14

63

3

1

1

1

1

10

0

88

31

51

9

8

1

3

13

56

21

7

2

3

86

19

10

76

13

5

6

1

2

2

16

74

5

1

3

22

67

4

2

13

19

64

71

28

0

14

17

8

12

15

4

29

19

76

3

1

1

2

3

11

8;

20

39

9

25

9

1

9

35

39

16

2

3

42

33

21

61

13

4

16

5

0

1

9

62

8

0

1

11

79

9

0

9

16

57

45

66

0

6

10

5

8

9

6

65

9

88

3

1

1

1

:

91

Percent dlswm.ition’

32

45

7

13

3

4

13

40

30

13

3

4

54

26

13

71

12

5

9

3

2

2

17

73

6

1

3

21

68

6

2

10

27

57

62

36

0

10

14

7

12

14

4

38

14

63

3

1

1

1

2

9

0

88

26

46

9

13

4

2

12

54

24

6

2

3

80

23

12

70

14

5

8

3

1

2

13

79

5

0

2

17

74

5

1

7

18

57

63

37

0

10

13

7

12

15

5

38

15

62

3

1

1

1

1

10

0

35

25

34

12

23

7

3

10

36

35

15

3

6

41

32

20

59

13

7

16

5

1

2

9

80

8

1

2

10

77

9

1

15

44

36

45

55

0

8

11

4

7

10

4

55

9

87

4

1

1

0

;

91

30

49

8

10

2

2

13

51

25

9

3

3

66

24

12

72

14

5

6

3

2

2

14

76

6

1

2

21

69

4

2

4

11

%

66

34

0

11

13

8

14

14

5

34

14

63

3

1

1

;

8

0

86

31

56

5

5

1

3

15

56

19

6

1

3

76

14

6

81

12

2

4

1

0

2

24

71

3

1

4

27

65

4

0

10

21

74

78

21

1

12

17

9

16

19

5

22

21

76

3

1

1

3

2

13

1

79
advancedata 13

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of black ●dults 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and ●ttitudes from

the 1988 Nstional Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, sex, ●nd ●ducatfon: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data era based on household lnteNews of the ctWarI nonhstWtbnallzad population.The 8UI’V8Yd8Slgn,gatwral qualifkatioms,and Jnfcrrnatbnon the reliabilityof

the estknatesare given In technical notes]

A@9 sex Educatbn

1s29 m 50jw# Less than Mon3 than

AJDS ~ CX~R- TctaJwIIsymrs andcmw Ms& Fema& 12ysws 12ymrs 12 years

56.

58.

59.

61.

62.

How wall do you know Ihls person?

Verywen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Faklywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notvarywall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlrealty lmowpamonalty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fkrmvhow well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never knewanyone wltR#JDS1s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Is any of these statementstrue for you?

a YOUhave hamophilla and have m.etvad clottingfactor

Concentrafa since 1977.

b.YNmatihdWlwQnttiwM-~-

entered the United States since 1977.

cYouama rnanwho MhsdsaxwNh anotharmanafsome

tkne shce 1977, even 1 tkne.

d. Yw have taken IMgat dregs by needle at any tkne shoe

1977.

e.Sti19~,~wwWWntMmx~Mr&~

&a* WOufdmsweryasto any of the Itemsabo4e

f. Youhava hadaaxformoney ord~sat anytknesinca

1977.

Ymtoatfeast 19fafarnent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notoall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refuaad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The U.S. PubOcHealth Sarvfca has SW that AIDS is one ofthe

mOIOfhealth pt’obfemsIn the ccunt!y but exactly how many

PSCpkSNaffeds Is not known. Ttw Surgeon General has

fxWcaedthat astudybsconducted and LWdsampIesba

fnkento help find out W vddespraadthe proalam k%if you

W&Wsetecfed in this nationalsample C4people to hava thek

blood tested wtIh 2SSUMYICOS of prtvacy of tea rusulfs, WGllld

you have the test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whywouldnl ycufakeparf hthete&14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don?wmtto kncw#l have AIDS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlwmtany KmseOngeboutAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Faarl’ll @AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fllketo gMebfccd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donltmat Government programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ftisawaste cfmoney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DcnlbMeveAJDScanrea ltyEacursdanywW . . . . . . . .

Comer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When Federat PUbliChealth OffiChtS ghfa kIfofmafbn SMNII

AIDS, doyoubelleve whatthaysay orareyoudoubtful W

the klfomlatlonthey give?

SrM6va,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DorHknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When they [public heallh offlclals]gtveadviceatmuf hmv to

help keep from getflngAIDS, do you believetheiracfvicaor are

you doubtful about what th8y say?

Saliave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocubttul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

4

4

2

1

86

4

96

0

0

z

2

7

10

2

10

18

8

2

3

42

13

64

26

10

76

16

8

3

5

3

2

1

86

4

96

0

76

18

1

5

14

2

:

9

4

4

10

71

23

6

81

14

6

4

6

6

2

2

81

6

94

z

3

6

12

2

8

17

10

:

42

14

64

29

7

76

18

6

2

2

3

1

0

91

1

99

0

2

2

9

:

11

14

4

3

3

46

14

57

26

17

70

;:

3

5

3

2

1

N

8

84

71

20

2

6

11

3

10

15

10

:

u

12

m

25

8

79

14

7

2

4

5

2

1

es

2

66

0

0

:

2

7

9

1

2

6

;

41

13

53

27

11

73

18

9

;

3

:

91

4

86

0

0

z

2

8

10

4

12

18

6

3

4

43

17

63

23

15

72

16

12

2 4

5 7

4 6

2 2

1 2

66 79

3

97

0

75

19

2

4

11

2

2

7

:

32

8

86

27

7

5

95

E

2

7

9

0

5

15

10

1

45

12

64

29

7

79

15

6
14 advancadata

Table 2 Provlslorml estimates of the percent of white ●dults 18 years of ●ge ●nd over wfth selected AfDS knowfedge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 1888 National Health Interview Survey, by age, SOA ●nd education: United States, Msy-October 1988

[Data am based on household tntervkws of the cMIlan nonkwtkutbrrailzad poputatton. The survey design, general quaJifkatlom, and hformatbn on the relkabilttyof

the esltmates are gtven kt t-hnkal notes]

w sax Ed(hafhnr

la29 M tiopars Less than

AIDS krwwi@)e or attflude Totatyawsyaare

h40n?than

andobw Male FetnahQ 12yws 12 ymrs 12 ywls

Pwcenl distrlbufbnl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.

la

1b.

z

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21.

22.

23a

In the past month, have you-

.Seerr any publlc servtca announcements about AIDS on

tetevlebn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heard any publlc servke renouncements about ADS on

the radb?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wens any of those publk sarvkx announcements catled

Umerka Responds to AIDS”?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neither heard norsawany publkearvlce anrrouncemente. .

In the past month, have you read any brrxhuras or pamphtats

about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknc+v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

where dkt you get the pamphlets or brcwhures?l 2

Cllnlc, otherlhenworkcllnk ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctot’’soffbe (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drug store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publicheatthdepatiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racetved hmallwlthoulasklng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RedcKlssmedcroesModdonatbrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofherbtoodcmnatbn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Schwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sentfphonedfor/raqueetadtt.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Faderal/Stafe/locatgovemmenl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, otherlhancllnkornursa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wotir, nurseorcllnk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~ YO&V#d-eead AIDS wtlh any of your chlldran

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveanyorallof yourchlldrenaged lC-17had lns!ructlon al

echoolalxwfAlDS?3

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howmuchwould yousayyouknow about AIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tothabastofyour knowbdge,lsthera adifferencebatween

having thaAtDSvlrus andhavlnglhadbaasa AJDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can I@uce the bodv’s natural rxolectlcm aoainst dkaaea.

DeflnltelytNe . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytiue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100

65

13

2

46

50

4

21

11

55

13

39

60

1

63

3s

1

2

11

1

2

38

2

;

d

11

3

13

1

62

36

0

57

2

23

44

25

7

0

67

15

0

Is

76

11

;

8

100

66

13

1

54

42

4

29

12

48

11

41

59

1

67

33

0

3

13

:

32

3

1

13

0

23

9

3

15

0

37

63

41

22

36

22

51

24

3

67

21

0

12

60

11

2

2

5

100

66

12

2

49

46

5

22

:

12

43

56

1

70

30

1

2

11

1

2

37

2

1

6

1

28

15

4

13

0

64

3s

o

58

+4

28

30

46

20

3

0

73

15

0

11

84

9

1

2

4

lm

63

14

3

36

58

5

14

;

15

35

64

1

54

45

1

:

1

1

44

1

0

2

0

33

7

2

12

1

56

44

58

11

31

$

31

15

0

6e

10

0

30

66

14

2

3

15

100

64

14

2

50

45

4

19

12

55

13

36

63

1

59

40

1

2

8

:

37

2

1

7

0

2e

13

2

15

1

48

51

0

53

11

35

22

43

26

8

0

66

15

0

18

n

12

1

2

8

mo

65

13

2

41

54

4

22

10

55

13

42

57

1

67

33

1

2

13

1

2

39

2

0

7

4

9

4

12

1

74

26

0

61

17

23

24

46

23

7

0

67

14

0

18

76

11

2

2

9

100

79

18

3

36

66

4

21

11

W

18

29

71

1

45

54

1

3

12

1

2

41

2

0

4

2:

5

2

12

1

46

54

52

14

34

?2

35

22

0

41

17

0

41

54

16

3

4

23

87

12

1

45

51

4

22

11

56

11

39

60

1

63

36

1

1:

1

2

2

:

$

11

3

12

1

62

36

0

55

;

E

2s

5

0

66

17

0

17

77

12

:

7

66

13

2

50

45

5

:;

57

12

46

53

1

73

27

1

2

10

1

2

35

2

1

9

2

13

4

14

1

69

31

0

62

14

24

35

48

16

2

0

81

11

0

7

66

8

1

1

2

Seefodrdcsat erdoftable.
advancedata 15

Table 2 Provisional estfmstes of the percent of white ●dults 18 yeara of ●ge ●nd over with seiected AiDS knowledge and ●ttitudea from

the 19S8 Nationai Heaith Interview Survey, by ●ge, ses, ●nd education: United Statas, May-Qctober 19 SS-Con.

[Data are bawd on housdmld Infervlew of the cMHan twnkwflfutbnalized population. The survey design, gerieral qualiflcatbns, and Informefbn on the reliablltty of

me esthnatee are gt@n tn technical notes]

A@ sex Edmatbrr

law -9 50 ja?m Less ttran Mom than

AfDS knon#e@8 w afftude Tofal w w Stld ObW Male Female 12 yta!?m 12 ysars 12 yams

23b. AIDS k espechilly ccrnrnon kI older pwple.

Deffnitelytnle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PrcfMMytme.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pf@mwfaM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DorNknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23c. AIDS can damage the MaIn.

DafkMelytrua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PmbaMytrue.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prcbabiyhlbe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfely fabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DcrYlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23d. AtDsusualiy k3adsto fleartdieeeae.

DeflrNIely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~t~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probawyfalee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DefWteiyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcrrlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23e. AIDSieankrfectlousdkweecausedbyaWru$.

Deftntfeiytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prcbabtytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-Iyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftnwyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcrr’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23f. TEKIMW?.cannctW4AlDS.

Dennilafylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-t~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-~- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltetyfa13e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Z3g. AJDsleM8todeattr.

Daflnnelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~~ee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defkllfelyfafse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dc4N.kpw.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23h. A~barrbeinfecfedvi#htheAIDSvku$mdncthavathe

23f.

23j.

23k.

23L

dbeaae AfDS.

Defktifetyjnla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~tme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~~ee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltatyfebe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lmk~tiapMkm~htotdl#tiw~~ti

AJDS Virus.

Delklmtywe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E%xKi’&::: ::::::::::::: ::::::::::::

Defkiltely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Any_wRhtheAJDSvkuscan~ kcntoeomeoneebe

du~ SeXUd klhfC0UR99.

Deflnitefytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~1~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---- . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbabfyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defklitelyfaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcn’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AFIW&XIwhchastheAIDSvkuacanbok.amlMhaalthy

and will.

Defktlfefytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prof)ablytlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prot)ablyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dafklwlyfabe.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DcrHkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AfxewuMwoman whOhastheAlDSvku8cangMetheAfDS

Vkustoherbaby.

Deflnileiylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~t~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-~~... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflrrltefyfabe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

1

d

72

7

28

31

10

7

27

4

19

15

36

63

19

2

4

12

1

0

3

93

3

87

9

1

:

56

22

4

4

14

1

3

:

9

81

13

1

1

4

48

30

7

4

11

72

15

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:

1

1

22

70

6

22

32

11

8

27

6

22

21

17

34

66

20

3

4

8

1

0

2

96

1

87

10

1

1

1

:

4

1:

1

3

:

5

84

12

1

1

2

52

30

:

8

61

15

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:

1

1

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4

28

30

11

6

24

7

21

22

16

31

70

18

2

3

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:

2

96

1

88

9

1

1

1

83

21

3

5

6

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3

;

4

83

12

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:

55

28

:

7

82

14

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88

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32

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4

22

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22

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43

53

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;

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:

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17

77

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;

36

32

;

16

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71

7

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84

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49

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76

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73

7

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37

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2

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22

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39

61

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Safodndnatuldoffabk.
16 advancedata

Table2. Provisional estfmatea of the percent of white ●dults 18 yearaof agewtdovor wlUtaelected AIDSknowledge andattitudea from

the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by oge, se% and education: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household kttervlaws of the cMllan noninstitMonellzed population. The survey deelgn, general qualfflcatiofrs, end infofmatlon on the Mabitity of

the esllrnates are gtven In technical notes]

Age sex EduceWon

16-29 3049 myeers Less then

AIDS know/edge or affltude

Mom than

Total years yews and over &4afe FemaAs 12 pars 12 yeets 12 years

23m.

23n.

24.

24a.

24b.

24C.

24d.

24e.

24f.

24g.

There Lsa vaccine available to the public thtd protests a person

from getting the AIDS virus.

Deflnttely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably falsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmttely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There Lsno cure for AIDS at prewmt.

Definitely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtytelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelyfatee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkncw.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howlketydoyouthlnktf tefhetaperson wElgetAfDSorthe

AIDSvlruslnfectbn fromLtvlrtg nearahcepftal orhomeforAIDS patients?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhetlikety, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhetunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkefy. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelynotposalbie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkncw.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Working neareomeone wtththeAtDSvirus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhetunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Detlnttelynofpcsslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eatlngln arestaurant wherelhemokhas thaAlD2.vtfus?

Vefyllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.fiiomew hatunllk et a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynot posalble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

KJss.lng-wtth exchange of saliva-a person who Me the

AIDSvlrus?

Veryllke}y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhetllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhelunlikeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnilefynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shaklnghands,touchlng, orklsefngontheoheek eomeone

whotmstheAIDS vkus?

Verylikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaf llkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SoInewha tunllkei y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definltelynot poeslble, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses with someone who has the

AIDS vtms?

Veryllkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatltkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaf unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Derlniteiynotpoaslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using publlc toilets?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewha! likely.....,.,..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.!%mewha tunllkel y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflniteiynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

seefodnotesmt edoftable.

1

2

10

76

11

87

6

1

2

4

1

3

7

36

44

6

2

9

13

39

30

7

6

18

:

17

12

22

29

14

17

7

11

2

6

:

34

7

6

19

14

29

18

11

5

11

13

35

25

11

2

3

10

77

8

67

6

1

3

3

1

3

6

39

45

4

2

9

14

:

4

5

16

17

33

19

7

~

17

19

10

8

:

13

39

33

3

7

18

15

31

22

7

4

11

14

35

26

6

1

1

8

63

7

86

5

1

2

2

1

2

7

36

4s

4

2

9

12

41

32

4

5

17

17

34

18

9

22

26

15

18

7

9

2

6

:

36

4

8

19

:

19

6

1;

~4

37

26

7

1

2

11

66

19

64

7

1

2

6

1

3

7

37

40

11

3

10

12

:

12

7

17

z

14

19

26

29

11

13

5

16

2

6

2

30

12

9

20

z

15

17

1:

12

32

m

17

Percentdlstributbni

1

2

10

76

10

66

6

1

2

4

:

8

40

42

6

2

9

13

4~

29

7

6

18

2

16

11

;

14

18

7

11

2

6

:

32

7

7

20

G

16

10

4

11

13

36

26

10

1

2

9

75

13

67

6

1

2

4

1

3

7

36

47

7

2

9

12

36

31

7

6

37

16

31

17

13

23

26

14

16

7

12

2

5

13

37

37

7

9

19

:

19

12

6

12

13

33

25

12

2

4

11

59

2s

79

8

1

3

9

3

4

6

34

33

17

4

12

11

33

23

17

10

16

25

13

23

26

B

9

12

6

20

4

8

:

26

17

11

21

11

22

14

21

9

17

10

25

17

21

1

2

;6

11

67

7

1

3

3

2

10

74

36

26

6

6

19

17

30

16

12

24

30

13

15

7

11

2

6

:

33

6

9

21

2

17

10

5

13

15

33

23

11

91

5

1

2

2

;

12

43

34

3

4

15

2

20

6

:

16

21

7

6

1

4

11

41

40

2

6

17

16

35

21

6

2

6

13

:

5
advancedata 17

Table 2. Provfsiorml ●stfmates of the f.wrcent of white ●dults 18 years of ●ge and over with selected AfDS knowtedge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by age, sex, ●nd educ8tion: United States, Mq+ctober 1988-Con.

[Data are bawd on household Inlervtews of the cMllan noninsllfuflonaltzed population. The survey design, general quaMicatbr% and Irrformatlon on the relbbllily of

the estimates aregiven tn technlcai notes]

AfN sax Educaoorr

18-29 w Soyllars Lass than More than

AIDS krrwle@6 or affhda Tofal pws ywcs md ow Male Female 12 ymrs 12 yesrs 12 pars

24h.

241.

24J.

24k.

25.

26b.

27.

26.

ma.

30.

Sharkrgneedles fordruguse with someone who haa the

AIDS VkUS?

VeryllkeFy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somawtmtl tkety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SomeMat unllkeFy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vetyunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dd&’#13c4LmMNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selng coughed CMsneezed cm by someone who has the

AtDS VhJS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat lhrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewtrat unilkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deffnitety nofpossibfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DorNk now. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Attending sohoot wilh a child who has the AIDS virus?

Veryllkaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somevdmtl lkeiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smawhat unllkaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vetyunlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deffrrltary nc4possWe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorr’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MosqutIoesorofher klsects?

Veryllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sorrrewhatitkel y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SomewhWunlWaly.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vefyunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitetynotpsslbi e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorr’tkw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyouewrrdonafed blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

t+aveyoudonated bloodslnceMaroh 1965?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f+awsyoudonafed t400dkrlhePast12 rwrrths?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-~mrMdaWttith~mMtitMAIDS

Vtrus klfectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tothebsstofyour knwladge,areblcd donatbnsrouttneiy

tsstednowforthe AIDSvlrusirrfecfbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevarheardofwsr’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HaveyoueverraceNd counsellngorhad atalkwhhahaalth

fx’ofesstonalaboultakkIQ theAlDSvkustest7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorrlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New3rheardo#tes4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

& Wasthadksoussbn-’ “

Wtthaprfvatedoctt i....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Atafami+y-ptannk7gcllnic?..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OnanAtDShotlkw? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Atapranatalcilnic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AtanSTDorsaxuattytransmRteddlsaasa clintc? . . . . . . .

AtanAIDSMIVcounsallng mdtasting ske? . . . . . . . . . .

Wtfhsomeotherhealmprofessbnal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Withsornaotharoounselofl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Durlngthatdtscussbn, dldyoure@valrrforrn&bn abouflmw

toavoWgetlingor passlngonthaAiDS VINS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8mfcdnc4mstsnd C4tsbls.

94

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42

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63

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19

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29

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18 advancedata

Table 2 Provlslonal estimates of tfre percent of white ●dults 18 years of sge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowfedge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by age, sq ●nd eduoatlon: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data era based on household intervbws of the cMlian noninstffufbnallzad popula!bn. The survey deSlgn, general quatlficatbrrs, end Informatbn on the relk~bilttyof

the estimates are g)ven in technical notes]

A@+ sax Educatknr

16-29 3CMS 5oy8ars LOSSthan More than

AIDS krwwledge or affltude Total ).m/s yews and over Male Female 12 years lzywals 12 years

31.

32.

33,

Have you ever been advtsed by a health professbnal not to

hava the blood test for the AIDS virus Infeotbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard obtest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you aver been adwsed by friends or relatives not to have

the bll test for the AIDS virus Infectbn?

No.::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard oftesl’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you had your blood tested for the AJDS vkus Infectlorr?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never haardoftesf4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How many tlrnes have you had your blood tested for the AIDS

virus lnfecfbn?’

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

3-511mes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-12tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 12tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NeverheardofornevertooktestB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howmanytimes ln the pest 12months have you had your

blood tested for the AIDS virus lnfectbn?’

Nonelnthepast 12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morelhanonce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’flmow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardofornavertooktest’, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wes the tesf/were any of the tests, Includlng those you had

beforethepast12 monfhs-1’7

Partofa blood donatbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfofabloodlrensfuston? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntarllysoughf?. ..,,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partofsomeotheraotlvilythatrequiresabloodsample? . .

Dldyougefthe resuffs ofyourtesf/enyof ywrlests?g

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Do you expect to have a blood test for the AtDS virus Infeofbn

in fhe nexl 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest’ ..,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wlllthetestbe-l”10

PariofaM30ctdonatbn?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntertlysaght? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfofsomeolheracftdfythafraquiresabloocfsample? . .

Did you have a blood trenfusbn at any time between

1977andWS6?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Do you think the present supply of blood ts sate for tranfuskms?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Here aresomemethods people use!oprevent gattlngtheAIDS

vlrusttrrough sexual acfivlty. How effective&-

Usinaadirmhrtmm?

Percentdtstrtbufbnl

0

77

0

23

0

77

0

23

21

57

2

21

5

1

1

0

0

12

79

2

5

2

12

79

75

1

13

15

51

46

1

2

4

23

47

47

18

5

93

1

60

24

;

2

13

57

22

6

0

n

0

22

0

n’

0

22

14

63

1

22

4

1

1

0

0

6

66

1

4

1

4

75

2

16

10

51

48

1

5

69

4

22

45

51

13

6

e3

1

43

28

J1

2

13

59

20

6

0

77

0

23

0

77

0

23

17

60

2

21

5

1

1

0

0

10

83

2

4

2

10

83

75

2

14

13

51

46

1

6

66

4

22

46

49

16

6

33

1

46

26

0

27

2

13

58

21

6

1

64

0

16

1

64

0

16

26

60

2

14

7

2

1

0

0

14

75

3

6

2

;

73

1

14

17

53

4s

1

:

6

16

40

69

15

3

ee

1

49

26

23

2

15

62

17

4

1

65

0

14

1

85

0

14

21

66

1

13

6

;

1

0

12

79

2

5

2

12

79

76

2

15

11

51

46

1

7

75

4

14

52

41

16

5

e4

1

w

26

0

24

2

10

87

16

4

0

63

0

37

0

63

0

37

8

65

2

35

:

0

0

0

2

1

1

1

5

93

79

2

11

9

43

65

2

2

62

3

36

44

42

20

8

eo

2

40

25

34

3

14

45

30

6

0

77

0

22

1

87

0

12

0

68

0

42

0

77

0

22

1

67

0

12

9

49

2

41

16

62

1

21

23

64

2

11

35a.

3

:

0

0

4

82

4

1

1

0

0

9

64

6

2

2

1

0

;

35b.

36.

3s.

41.

42.

44a,

44b.

45.

1

3

1

9$

64

2

20

75

2

13

13

76

1

14

16 12

64

24

2

4s

50

2

50

50

1

d

4

42

6

66

4

22

7

77

4

12

25

62

16

44

62

16

53

43

16

7

e2

1

5

93

1

5

83

1

34

30

ii

45

26

2;

64

23

2:

45a.

Qeryeffedtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffecftve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notafall efbcftve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknowhoweffecftve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

11

40

33

13

3

13

68

2

13

66

74

3

21

5

3eaf@rotesalel-d Ofmble.
advancedata 19

Table 2. Provislormi estimates of the percent of white ●dults 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and ●ttitudes from

the 1988 Nationai Health Interview Survey, by age, aax, ●nd education: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household lnteIvlews of the ctdan noninstltutionalized ~pulatbn. The survey design, general quafiflcations, and inforrnatbn on the reliability of

the estknafes are ghfen In technlml notaq

Age sex Educatbn

la29 w-i9 so ysars Less than

AIDS krmvhso@ of etfNude

Mom //ran

Total y+mfs )%WS &7d OW Male Female 12 yeem 12 J&%-s 12yeers

45b. Using a conckxn?

Varyaffaorlva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaf emcwa... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nofatatl effaottve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow troweffecftve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowmefhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45c. Ustng a spermkktat Jelly, foam, or cream?

Vetyeffaoflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhat effacftva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nofafatl efrecwa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow howeffectiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45u3. Havtng a vaseotomy?

Ve~effacttw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOmavmataffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatatl affacttw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhow affacttwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow mathod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45e. Two fIoo@owho dortothaw tha.uDSvlrUS havh9sexonlv

with Liachother?

46.

47.

49,

52

53.

54.

55.

Veryeffectta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SornawMeffwttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatatl affedw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowhow effaotiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllmowmethou.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whatarayour ohenoeSofhaving maAN)swnJe?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VwluMarayourchanoea ofgettkrgth+sAIDS vkus?

Hl@I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Madktm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

K:::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::

Don’tktrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hlghohancaofaheadyha~AtDSvirus. . . . . . . . . . . .

~WJaaY~\G~ of!@f~9AlDShhigh ormedium

because you-

+tavahadabbodtransfuskxt?... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have hIX! S8XUat COilhOf wKtl sonwoiwwtwmighthaw

thavirus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Someotharreaaon ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Havayouavardtacuswd AIDswtthafrtandorrekitlw?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DotN know . . . . . . . . . . . . , ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WfrarrwesthalasttknayoudlsousaedAJDSwtthafr&nd or

relaftve?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

e-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morathan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow. .

-dm~,z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HavayouavarpwaonaityknowtanymnawNhAt~orl~

AIDS WIJs?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rnikti:.”............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘--.....”...”.”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HOWb~hasKbe8nsirtcayousawthteperaon?

WShlnpast2weaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2~thanlrrw+Wr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lmonth-tassthan3rncmths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3months-tesathan6months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6nronfhsc+more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’iknow . . . . . . . . . .

Nav6rkrtaw6nyc+wwithAtOi$%: ::::::::::::::::

30

55

5

8

2

2

15

54

23

6

1

2

73

17

6

84

7

2

5

1

0

1

14

62

2

0

2

:

3

0

8

:

68

34

0

8

10

8

16

19

5

34

;

2

:

1

1

6

:

35

55

4

5

1

2

18

5e

17

4

2

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72

17

5

85

8

3

3

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0

2

20

76

“2

1

3

28

65

3

0

6

21

67

72

27

0

9

11

8

17

24

4

28

10

88

2

1

1

1

1

6

:

34

57

4

4

1

2

15

62

17

4

1

2

63

10

4

89

6

2

2

1

0

2

17

60

1

0

2

24

72

2

0

7

15

68

75

25

0

9

12

8

18

22

5

25

12

86

2

1

0

1

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8

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86

24

52

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43

33

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83

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79

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48

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5

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9

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53

45

54

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6

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M

1

0

0

0

0

;

95

29

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0

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300r0drc40sar8ddtabl,.
20 advamxiata

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the peroent of whtta ●dufw 18 yeara of ●ge ●nd over wfth seieoted AIDS knowledge ●nd ●ttitudes from

the 1988 National Heafth Interview Survey, by age, sex, ●nd education: United Statea, May-Ootober 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household lnteMews of the CMIIWI nonnstitufbnallzed populatbn. The survey design, general quaiificatbrrs, end information on the reliability of

the esttmates are gwen In tachnlcal notes]

A@ sax Educetbr

1.%3? w 50 years Less than More tfran

AIDS Imowledge or afilfude Total wars yams and over Male Female 12 Wats 12 V&Ws 12 veers

56. How well do you know this person?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fairtywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’treally know personally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’! knowhow well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never knew anyone with AlDS13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57. Is any of these statements true for you?

e. You have hemophilia and have racelved clotting factor

concentrates since 1977.

b. You are a native of Halfi or Central or East Afrke who has

entered the Unlled Stabs since 1977.

c. You are a man who has had sex with enother men at some

time since1977,even 1 time.

d. You have taken W@ drugs by needle at any time since

1977.

e. Since 1977, you are or have been the sex pettner of any

person who would answer yes to any of the items above

(57 a-d).

f. You have had sax for money or drugs at any time since

1977.

Yestoat leestl statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notoall statemente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don7 know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

w. The U.S. Public Heetth Service hassaid that AJDStaone of the

major health problems inthecount~ butexecfly how many

people ii affects k not known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be conducted and blood samples be

taken to help find out how wdespread Ihe problem k. ff you

were selected In this natbnal SSmple of people 10 have Ihelr

blood tested wfth assurances of privacy of test results, would

you have the test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59. Wywouldn’tyou take part hlhetesf?”

Don’fwanttoknowtflhaveAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlwentanycounaaltng aboufAiDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fearf’ll gel AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tllketogtvebbod.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’ftrustGovemmentprograms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tfkawesleofmonay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donltx31bveAlDScan reatiybecured anyway . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61. When Federal public health offkiats give information about

AIDS, do you believe what they say or are you doubtful about

the informat!cmthey gtve?

Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorrlkrtow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62. Whenthey[pubik healfhoffkiats] gtve adviceabouthow to

helpkeepfrom gefflng AIDS,rJoyoubeiieve thelradvtceorare

YOU doubtful efxmf wI@ they SSY?

Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

2

4

2

1

90

2

08

0

0

71

21

2

5

4

1

6

13

6

4

2

64

12

65

29

6

7e

16

5

1

2

4

2

1

90

4

96

0

0

76

18

1

4

7

1

5

18

6

3

1

47

15

71

24

4

62

14

3

1 1

3 1

5 2

2 1

1 1

66 94

3 0

97 99

0 0

0 0

74 64

18 27

2 3

6 6

5 2

1 1

6 6

13 9

9. 5

3 4

1 2

51 61

12 12

66 56

2e 32

5 10

62 73

15 19

3 8

1

2

4

1

1

91

3

97

0

0

72

21

2

4

4

1

5

11

9

4

:

11

64

30

6

79

17

5

1 1 1 2

2 1 2 3

4 1 3 6

2 1 1 2

1 0 1 2

90 95 93 65

2

96

0

0

70

22

2

6

4

1

6

14

5

3

2

55

14

2

96

0

0

65

27

2

6

3

2

7

10

3

5

3

65

15

2 2

96 97

0 0

0 0

72

21

2

6

5

1

6

15

6

4

2

51

13

74

19

2

5

4

1

4

12

9

3

1

56

11

65 66 64 71

28 32 31 25

7 13 6 4

79 66 78 85

16 21 17 13

5 11 4 3

‘ Muthple rsspwmes may sum to more than 10J.

‘Basedonparwm amwert~yesloquastlon 4(lmludesyasto quadbn3).

%aedonpemora —rirqyaato~estlon 11,’’DoyoJhavaeny cMidmnagedlOthrwgh 177’Guastion12was “Hcwmsnydoyx hsva7’

4Peraons mswanrg no or donl know to question 27.

56saedonpemora —’ ,rqyeatoquesthx 2Sa_

‘lnctidssperaons — nna W to w~lon * ati no or donl krw to que#lora 27 and SS.

7- o“ ~ a-m to quadion SS. * ‘tie’.

‘Persons answeriq mordonlk~tow~om~~,d=.

9- o“ ~mm a-~~ ~ to ~~,~ SS; EXCIU&H PWSOI-LSanswering ps 10 question 2aa and m or don’t km b qu=rion 27 Or ~.

1Omd on ~wm answering Yes tO @bn 41.

11Ad on ~wm -WrIW ht~h or nmdium tO quadlon 46.

12=onPmm-fi~ noordom7kruw toquestm52.

13wonwmm-”~ noordon? kncwtOqmstlon!54-

14*4 on ~m~ nol Snstwlng F 10 w~lon =
21 advancedata

Symbols

. Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05
22 advancedata

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes was

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed interviews with 3,066 black and 17,355 white

individuals, about 89 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in tables 1 and 2 to

allow readers to derive provisional estimates of the number

of people in the United States with a given characteristic,

for example, the number of black men age 18-29 years who

have had their blood tested for the AIDS virus. The

population figures in table I are based on 1987 data from

the NHIS; they are not ofticial population estimates. Tables

II and III show approximate standard errors of the estimates presented in tables 1 and 2. Both the estimates in

tables 1 and 2 and the standard errors in tables II and III

are provisional. They may differ slightly from estimates

made using the final data file because they were calculated

using a simplified weighting procedure that does not adjust

for all the factors used in weighting the final data file. A

final data file covering the entire data collection period for

1988 will be available later in 1989.

Table L Black and white sample SIZOS for the 1988 National

Heafth Interview Survey of AIDS Knowiedge ●nd Affltudes and

estimated black ●nd white adult populations 18 years of age and

over, by seiectad characteristics: United States, May-October

198a

Estimated

population

59mple stze kr Itrousarrds

Charactekfst& Btack WWe Blach kVhtte

AIIaduits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,0+36 17,355 19,166 148,164

Age

Ia-xrye.m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 3,921 6,257 3-3,496

3cH9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,170 6,590 7,316 66,266

60yeers And over, . . . . . . . . . 1,097 6,644 5,593 63,400

.%x

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,066 7,606 8,53s 70,769

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960 9,647 10,633 77,365

Educatbn

Lessthan 12years . . . . . . . . . . 1,063 3,632 6,594 31,461

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109 6,659 7,336 66,666

Morattwm12y ears. . . . . . . . . 6,669 4,964 57,066

Table Ii. Standard errors, expressad in percentage points, of estimated percents for black adults from the 1988 Nationai Health interview

Survey of AIDS Knowledge ●nd Atthudes, by seiectad characteristics United States, May-October 1988

Am 8SX Educat&n

16-29 W-49 5oyears Lass than ~0113 than

E3tknated palcent Total years wrs and Owr Male Female 12 J&3srs 12 yaws 12 years

5W95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

loor60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.4

0.8

1.1

1.0

1.2 1.2 E 1.2

15 CW65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.6

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4 ~.4 1.0

$?oOra o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.5 1.6

1.6

1.6 1.2

25 W75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

1.6

2.0 1.6

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.7 1.3

3oor70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.7

1.1 2.1 1.7

1.7

1.8 1.8 1.3 1.8 z

360r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2

1.8

1.6 1.9 1.9 1.4

4oor60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.9

1.1 2.2

i.a

1.8 1.9

2.1

1.9 1.4

450r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2

1.9

2.3 1.9

1.9

1.9

2.2

1.9 1.4

60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 2.3

1.9

1.9 1.9

2.2

2.0 1.4 20 1.9 2.2

Table Iii. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estfmatad percents for white adults from the 1988 National Heafth

Interview Survey of AIDS Knowiadge ●nd Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, May-October 1988

w t%x Ecfucatbn

1523 304’9 SOyaars Less than

Eswrlatadpercerrt

Mom than

Total yaats y&ws and ow Male Fema.@ 12 ymrs 12 y9ars 12 yea13

5ore6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4 . . . 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3

10 WW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6

15 W66. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.7

0.5 0.5

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 o.a

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

0.6

0.8 0,6

0.6

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

0,6

0.9 0.7

0.6

0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7

3oor70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.9 0.7

0.7

0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0

350r66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

0.7

1.0

0.7

0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0

0.8

0.8

0.7

o.a 0.7 0.6 1.0

450r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

0.8

1.0 0.6

0.8

0.8 0.7 0.6 1.1

60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

0.8

1.0 0.8

0.6

o.a 0,7 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.6
24 advancakrta

Recent issues of Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics

No. 164. AIDS knowledge and Attitudes for September No. 161. AIDS Knowlege and Attitudes for July 1988

1988 (Issued January 3, 1989) (Issued October 11, 1988)

No. 163. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for August 1988 No. 160. AIDS Knowlege and Attitudes for May-June 1988

(Issued Deeember 15, 1988) (Issued September 16, 1988)

No. 162. Practice Patterns of the Office-Based

Ophthalmologist: NAMCS, 1985 (Issued Januaxy 31, 1989)

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statist@ D, A. Dawson

and A. M. Hardy. AIDS knowledge and attitudes of

Black Americans, Provisional data from the National

Health Interview Survey. Adwvme Data From Vital

and Health Ststistks. No. 165. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 89-1250. Public Health Service. Hyaltsville,

Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without futier permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 168 ● April 11, 1989

AIDS Knowledgeand AttitudesofHispanicAmericans

Provisional Data From the 1988 National Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D. and Ann M. Hardy, Dr.P.H., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

This report is one of two special reports examining

knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeticiency

syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus

(HIV) among selected minority subgroups of the U.S.

population. Based on data collected in the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS), this report describes various

aspects of AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior

for Hispanic adults 18 years of age and over. It presents

differentials by age, sex, education, and specific Hispanic

ancestry and compares selected measures for Hispanic and

non-Hispanic individuals. The other special report (Advance Data From Ktal and HeaIth Statistics, No. 165)

presents data for black adults and compares them with data

for their white counterparts.

Both reports are based on provisional data for the

period May-October 1988. These 6 months of data have

been combined to provide a sufficient number of respondents ‘to examine differences in knowledge among various

subgroups of the Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations.

Even with this aggregation, the sample of Hispanic adults is

fairly small, and sampling errors are large. Thus, only large

differences are statistically significant. Some changes in

knowledge occurred over this 6-month period; however, the

changes were of similar magnitude for Hispanic and nonHispanic adults and should not affect the comparisons

made in this report.

Since 1987, the National Center for Health Statistics

has included a special set of supplemental questions on the

adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about AIDS

and HIV in the NHIS. The first AIDS Knowledge and

Attitudes Sumey was in the field from August through

December 1987. Provisional results of that survey were

published on a monthly basis in Advance Data From VW

and Health Stat&ics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153).

During the first 4 months of 1988, the NHIS AIDS questionnaire was revised to meet current program needs for

information about AIDS awareness. The revised AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes Survey entered the field in May

1988. Provisional findings for the total population for the

period May-October 1988 have been published in Advance

Data From PM and Health Statirtks, Nos. 160, 161, 163,

and 164.

The AIDS questionnaires were designed to estimate

public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS transmission

and prevention of AIDS virus infection. The data were

needed as input for the planning and development of AIDS

educational campaigns and for monitoring major educational efforts, for example, the series of radio and television

public seMce announcements entitled “America Responds

to AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding AID$” both

developed by the Centers for Disease Control.

The 1987 and 1988 AIDS questionnaires were developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and

interagency working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the

Public HeaIth Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The

working groups included representatives from the Centers

for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration;

and the HeaIth Resources and Semites Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AIDS information; self-assessed levels of AIDS

knowledgq basic facts about the AIDS virus and how it is

transmitted; blood donation experience awareness of and

experience with the blood test for the AIDS virus; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures; selfU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

assessed chances of getting the AIDS virus; personal acquaintance with persons with AIDS or the AIDS viruq and

willingness to take part in a proposed national seroprevalence survey. A general risk behavior question, similar to

that asked by the Red Cross of potential blood donors, is

included in the 1988 AIDS questionnaire.

This report presents provisional data for May-October

1988 for most items included in the AIDS questionnaire.

Tables 1 and 2, for Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults,

respectively, display percent distributions of persons 18

years of age and over by response categories aomrding to

age, sex, education, and specific Hispanic ancestry. In most

cases, the actual questions asked of the respondents are

reproduced verbatim in tables 1 and 2, along with the coded

response categories. In a few cases, questions or response

categories have been rephrased or combined for clearer or

more amcise presentation of results. Refusals and other

nonresponse categories are excluded from the denominator

in the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t

know” are included.

Qu~tions in the NHIS AIDS survey used the term

“the AIDS virus” rather than HIV, because it was felt that

the general population might not be familiar with the more

scientific terminology when the sumey began. In this report,

“the AIDS virus” will be used in place of HIV when it

reflects the was an individual question was worded.

For this report, characterization of Hispanic origin is

based on respondents’ descriptions of their ancestry or

origin. For each member of a household, the household

respondent for the main NHIS intemiew was shown

a list of Hispanic groups and asked “ke any of these

groups ‘s national origin or ancestry?” If this question was not understood, the interviewer probed ‘Where

did ‘s ancestors come from?” The choices on the

list were Puerto Rican, Cuban, Mexican/Mexicano, Mexican American, Chicano, other Latin American, and other

Spanish.

The “Mexican” category in table 1 includes persons

classified as Mm”can/Mexicano, Mexican American, or

Chicano. The “other Hispanic” category includes all the

other diverse Hispanic groups listed above, none of which

was sufficiently large to analyze individually. Persons of

unknown Hispanic origin were not included in either of

these categories but were included in the Hispanic total and

breakdowns by age, sew and education. Persons for whom

it was not known whether they were of Hispanic origin were

excluded horn the analysis altogether and do not appear in

either table 1 or table 2.

Ethnicity does not indicate race. Both persons classified as Hispanic and those classified as ncm-Hispanic may

be white, black, or other race.

Selected findings

Patterns of knowledge and attitudes about AIDS and

HIV were essentially the same within the Hispanic

population as for the U.S. population as a whole, with the

highest levels of knowledge occurring among the young and

the well educated. Among Hispanic individuals, those of

Mexican ancestry generally were less knowledgeable about

AIDS and HIV than were those of all other Hispanic

origins mmbined; it is iniportant to realize, however, that

estimates for the latter residual group are averages based

on figures for many diverse national origins. Compared to

non-Hispanic adults, those of Hispanic origin wae less

knowledgeable about many aspects of AIDS and HIV.

The following highlights describe various aspects of

AIDS knowledge and attitudes observed in the NHIISdata

for the period May-October 1988, focussing on differentials within the Hispanic population and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals. Al

differences cited in the text are statistically significxmt unless otherwise noted (see tables II and 111for approximate

standard errors of estimates).

Sou~es of infonnatwn about AIDS and HW—According to data collected in May-October 1988, 84 pe:rcent of

Hispanic adults saw public service announcements about

AIDS on television in the month preceding thti NHIS

interview, and 56 percent heard such announcements of

the radio. Of those who saw or heard public service announcements about AIDS, one-fourth reported l,hat the

announcements were part of the series called “America

Responds to AIDS.”

The proportion of Hispanic individuals who saw public

service announcements on television decreased with age

(from 87 percent of those 18-29 years of age to 78 percent

of those 50 years amdover) and was lower for persons with

less than 12 years of school than for those with more

education (78 versus 87 percent). The proportion who

heard radio announcements was greater for Hispanic men

than women (61 versus 51 percent) and for persons with

more than 12 years of school than for those with less

education (64 versus 53 percent). Hispanic adults of Mexican ancestry were less likely than other Hispanic persons

to have heard radio announcements, 51 compared to

62 percent.

Persons of Hispanic origin were as likely as nonHispanic adults to have seen announcements about AIDS

on television and more likely to have heard radio announcements, 56 compared to 46 percent. Below age 30, though,

there was no difference in the proportion of Hispanic and

non-Hispanic adults who had heard radio announcements;

the greatest difference was among individuals 50 years of

age and over.

Thirty-six percent of Hispanic adults read brochures

or pamphlets about AIDS in the month preceding the

NHIS interview. This figure probably reflects the national

mailing of the brochure “Understanding AIDS” during

June and July 1988. Half (51 percent) of Hispanic adults

reported ever having read brochures or pamphlets about

AIDS. The proportion who had ever read such materials

decreased sharply with age, (from 59 percent of those age

18-29 years to 32 percent of those 50 years of age and

over) and increased with education (from 34 percent of

those with less than 12 years of school to 63 percent of

those with 12 or more years). Forty-five percent of persons

of Mexican ancestry had ever read brochures or pamphlets

about AIDS, compared to 57 percent of other Hispanic
advancedata 3

mmLssssthan 12 years m

12 years G1

$$& More than 12 years

(85)

1 (89)

(86)

(78)

(86)

(90)

(m

(83)

(81)

(72)

(79)

(81)

AIDS leads to death

There is no cure for

AIDS at present

Any person with the AIDS

virus ean pass it on

to someone else during

sexual intercourse

A pregnant woman who has

the AIDS virus can give

the AIDS virus to her baby

AIDS ean reduea the

body’s natural prelection

against disease

AIDS is an Infectious

disease caused by

a virus

A person oan be infeeted

with the AIDS virus and

not have the disease AfDS

A person who has the

AfDS virus can Imk

and feel healthy and well

(52)

(75)

(87)

(47)

(62)

(72)

(36)

(54)

(66)

(30)

(46)

o 20 40 60 60 100 Percent

NOTE Figuresin parentheses are comparable estimates for non-Hispanic adults.

SOURCE National Center for Health Statistics,Diision of Health Intewiew Statistics,National Health Inlewiew Survey.

Frgure 1. Provisionalestimaks 01 pereent of Hispanic adults who thought selected statements about AfD!5definitelytrue, by

edueation: United States, May-October 1988

individuals. On the whole, Hispanic adults were less likely knew a lot about AIDS, 14 compared to 22 percent. Perthan non-Hispanic adults to have read brochures or pamphlets about AIDS, 51 compared to 64 percent.

AJmost half of all Hispanic adults reported having

diseusscd AIDS with their children age 10-17 years, and a

slightly larger proportion (60 percent) stated that their

children in that age range had received instruction about

AIDS in school. Hispanic men were less likely than Hispanic women to have discussed AIDS with their children

(39 versus 56 percent), and persons of Mexiean ancestry

were less likely than other Hispanic individuals to have

done so (42 versus 57 percent). Hispanic and non-Hispanic

adults were equally likely to report that their children had

received instruction about AIDS in school, but Hispanic

persons were less likely to have discussed AIDS with their

children—48 percent compared to 62 percent for nonHispanic adults.

General knowledge about AIDS and HIV-In terms of

self-assessed knowledge about HIV and AIDS, 21 percent

of Hispanic adults felt they knew a lot, 36 percent some,

31 percent a little, and 13 percent nothing. The proportion

of Hispanic adults claiming to know a lot about AIDS

increased with education, from 12 percent of those with

less than 12 years of school to 37 percent of those with

more than 12 years. Hispanic persons 50 years of age and

over were less likely than younger adults to feel that they

sons of Mexiean ancestry were more Iike& than other

Hispanic adults to feel that they knew nothing about AIDS

(16 versus 9 percent) and less likely to feel that they knew

a lot (16 versus 25 percent). In comparison to

non-Hispanic adults, Hispanic aduks were less likely to feel

that they knew some about HIV/AfDS (36 versus

44 percent) and more likely to feel that they knew littIe or

nothing (44 versus 33 percent).

Objeetive measures of knowledge about HIV and

AIDS varied by education for both Hispanic and nonHispanic individuals, as illustrated in figure 1. For most of

the well known facts, e.g., that there is no cure for AIDS at

present and that HIV can be transmitted perinatally and

through sexual intercourse, persons with 12 or more years

of school were more likely than those with less than 12

years to correctly identi~ these statements as definitely

true. For the less well-known facts, knowledge differed

between individuals with 12 years and more than 12 years

of school, as well. For example, 23 percent of Hispanic

adults with less than 12 years of school thought it definitely

true that “a person who has the AIDS virus ean look well

and healthy.” For Hispanic persons with 12 years and more

than 12 years of school, the respective proportions were 33

and 55 percent. For the less well-known facts about AIDS

and HIV, there was a consistent difference in knowledge
4 advancedata

between persons of Mexican ancestry and other Hispanic

adults, with the latter the more knowledgeable.

There was no consistent difference in general knowledge about HIV and AIDS between Hispanic and nonHispanic individuals. Within all levels of education,

non-Hispanic adults were the more likely to know that a

person with HIV can look healthy, that a person can be

infected with HIV and not have AIDS, and that AIDS

impairs the body’s immune function. For some of the other

items shown in figure 1, though, Hispanic/non-Hispanic

differences either did not exist or were observed only

among persons with less than 12 years of school.

Misperceptions about HIV tronsmirswn —Figure 2

shows the proportions of Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults

who thought it very unlikely or deftitehj not possible to

become infected with HIV through various forms of nonintimate contact with persons infected with HIV. These

proportions increased with education for both Hispanic and

non-Hispanic individuals. For example, the proportion of

Hispanic adults who thought it very unlikely or definitely

not possible to bcxnme infected with HIV by using public

toilets increased from 35 percent of persons with less than

12 years of school to 55 and 65 percent, respectively, of

those with 12 years or more than 12 years.

Individuals of Mexican ancestry were less likely than

those of other Hispanic origins to consider it very unlikely

or imposs]%le to transmit HIV through most of the activities shown in figure 2, for example, living near a hospital or

home for ~DS patients (66 versus 73 percent), attending

school with a child who has the AIDS virus (62 versus

68 percent), using public toilets (44 versus 53 percent),

and so forth.

Blood donation and testing-Approximately onequarter (26 percent) of all Hispanic adults in the United

States reported ever having donated blood, including

10 percent who had donated since March 1985 (when

routine screening for HIV antl%odies began) and 4 percent

who had donated in the 12 months preceding interview. In

comparison, 42 percent of non-Hispanic adults reported

ever donating blood.

About half (51 percent) of Hispanic adults believed

that blood donations are now routinely tested, compared to

68 percent of non-Hispanic adults. Much of this difference

is from the lower proportion of Hispanic adults who had

ever heard of the blood test to deted HIV antl%odie~

65 percent compared to 77 percent of non-1-Iispanic

adults.

Among Hispanics, the proportion who had ever heard

of the blood test for HIV infection varied by ;age and

education. Sixty-nine percent of those under 50 :years of

age had heard of the test compared with 49 percent of

those age 50 years and over. The proportion who had heard

Leas than 12 years m 12 yeara m More than 12 years

Living near a hospital or home for ADS patients

(86)

(81)

85 (89)

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses with

someone who has the AtDS virus

(35)

(44)

(55)

Shaking hands, touching,or kiaaing on the Being coughed on or sneezed on by

cheek someone who has the AIDS virus someone who has the AIDS virus

(59)

(69)

(80)

Attending school w“tha child wbo

has the AIDS virus

(58)

(71)

(81)

(30)

(42)

(52)

Ealing in a restaurant where

the mok has the AIDS virus

(36)

(45)

(56)

Working near someone with the AIDS virus Mosquitoes or other insects

(54)

(67)

72 (76)

Using pubfii Mets

O Xl 40 60 80 100

(32)

(43)

53 (54)

Kissing-with exchange of salivaa person who has the AIDS virus

o 20 40 60 80

Percent Percent

NOT= Figures in parentheses are mmparable estimates for non-Hispanic adults.

SOURCE National Center for Health Sta!Mics, Dtision of Health tnterviewStatistics.National Health tnterview Survey.

Rgure 2, Provisionalestimates of percent of Hispmic adults who thought it very unlikely or definitely not possible to transmit

HIV in selected ways, by education: United States, May-October 1968
advancedata 5

A slightly lower proportion of Hispanic than of nonHispanic adults had had their blood tested for HIV (14

versus 17 percent). This difference primarily resulted from

a larger number of non-Hispanic individuals who did not

report having their blood tested but who had donated blood

since routine screening began. Eight percent of Hispanic

adults reported plans to have their blood tested in the next

12 months, similar to the 6 percent of non-Hispanic adults

who reported such plans.

Four percent of all Hispanic adults and 6 percent of

non-Hispanic aduhs reported receiving blood transfusions

between 1977, when HIV is thought to have entered the

United States, and 1985, when routine screening of donated

blood for HIV began. At the time of intemiew (MayOctober 1988), one-third (32 percent) of Hispanic adults

thought the blood supply was safe for transfusions. This

proportion increased with education but was lower than for

non-Hispanic individuals in all educational categories except those with more than 12 years of school.

Preventionof HW bansmkwn —Twenty-eight percent

of Hispanic adults thought condoms were very effective in

preventing HIV transmission, and 45 percent thought that

they were somewhat effective. The porportion of Hispanic

of the test increased with educational level from 47 percent

of those with less than 12 years of school to 86 percent of

those with more than 12 years. Persons of Mexican ancestry

were less likely to have heard of the test than other

Hispanic persons (61 versus 69 percent).

~ong persons with less than 12 years of school,

Hispanic individuals were less likely than non-Hispanic

individuals to have heard of the blood test for HIV antibodies. Among persons with 12 or more years of school,

though, Hispanic and non-Hispanic aduhs were equally

likely to have heard of this test (figure 3).

Overall, 14 percent of Hispanic adults had taken the

blood test for HIV antibodies, including 8 percent who

reported having had the test and another 6 percent who

claimed they had not been tested but who reported donating blood since March 1985, when routine screening of

donated blood for HIV antibodies began. The proportion

of Hispanic persons who had ever had their blood tested for

HIV infection decreased with age (from 19 percent of

those 18-29 years to 6 percent of those 50 years and over),

and increased with education (from 9 percent for those

with less than 12 years of school to 20 percent for those

moth more than 12 years).

m HSpanic

m

T- Non-Hispanic .+

100

r

Total Age in years

84 85

Sex

80 77 ?7

20

0

Total 18-29 30-49 50 and over Male Female

100 r Years of school Hispanic origin

80

20

0

Less than 12 years More than

12 years 12 years

Mexican Other NcmHispanic Hispanic

SOURCE National Center for Health Statistics, Divisionof Health Intewiew Statistics, National Heatth InterviewSurvey.

mgure 3. fwovw[onaJestimates of percent of Hlspamc adulfs who repcmed knowing about the blood test for the AIDS vims by selected

characteristics: United States, May-October 1988
6 advancedata

persons who amsidered this method to be very or somewhat effective increased with education from 58 percent of

those with less than 12 years of school to 87 percent of

those with more than 12 years. A lower propx-tion of

persons of Mexican ancestry than of other Hispanic individuals thought that condoms were somewhat or very effective

(69 versus 77 percent). Ten percent of Hispanic adults

thought condoms were not at all effective, twice the proportion of non-Hispanics (5 percent).

The proprtion of Hispanic adults who considered

maintaining a monogamous relationship with a person not

infected with HIV a very effective means of protection

against infection was 77 percent, somewhat lower than the

estimate of 83 percent for non-Hispanic adults. Again, this

proportion increased with educational level, from

69 percent of Hispanic adults with less than 12 years of

school to 87 percent of those with more than 12 years. A

smaller proportion of persons of Mexican descent than of

other Hispanic persons felt this method was veq effective

(73 percent compared with 82 percent).

Pexeived risk of HIV infection-Seventy-six percent of

Hispanic adults felt that there was no chance of their

becoming infmted with HIV, 13 percent assessed their

chance of infection as low, 3 percent believed their risk was

medium, and 1 percent reprted their risk as high. Another

1 percent thought that there was a high chance that they

were already infected with HIV, and 6 percent could not

assess their risk of HIV infection. Perceived risk of infection decreased with age but did not vary according to sex or

education. In the non-Hispanic population, the overall

perception of risk was similar except that slightly more

(21 percent) felt that their chance of becoming infected

was low, and perceived risk did vary for men and women

and within categories of education.

Two percent of Hispanic adults reported belonging to

one or more groups associated with an increased risk of

HIV infection, homosexual men, intravenous drug user%

hemophiliacs, etc. Within the Hispanic population, the

proportion reportedly belonging to one or more of these

groups did not differ by age, se~ or education. IFor all

subgroups, the proportions were similar to those in the

non-Hispanic population.

Nine percent of Hispanic adults reported knowing

someone with AIDS or HIV. This proportion increased

with education, from 4 percent of Hispanic adults with less

than 12 years of school to 17 percent of those with more

than 12 years. Among Hispanic persons, those not of

Mexican ancestry were slightly more likely to report knowing someone with AIDS than were those of Mexican ancestry (11 percent compared with 6 percent). Hispanic and

non-Hispanic adults were equally likely to know or have

known someone with HIV or AIDS.

Reaction to government AIDS efforts-llvo-thirds

(67 percent) of Hispanic adults stated that they would be

willing to participate in a national seroprevalence survey.

This proportion declined with age (from 74 percent of

those 18-29 years of age to 59 percent of those 50 years

and over) and increased with education (horn 63 to

75 percent, respectively, of those with less than 12 and

more than 12 years of school). Hispanic ancestry (Mexican

as opposed to all others) did not affect stated willingness to

participate. Within categories of education, Hispanic adults

were as likely as non-Hispanic adults to indicate willingness

on this issue.

Sixty-nine percent of Hispanic individuals stated that

they believed information about AIDS provided by federal

public health officials, and 77 percent said that they believed advice on how to avoid HIV infection. Trust in

government information and advice was more often expressed by persons younger than age 50 than by those 50

years of age and over, and by persons with more than 12

years of school than by those with less education. Pertins of

Mexican ancestry were more skeptical, on average, than

those of other Hispanic origins. I%panic adults were

slightly more likely than non- Hispanic adults to blelieve

government information about AIDS (69 versus

64 percent) and equally likely to trust government advice

on how to avoid HIV infection.
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Hlspanlc adufta 18 years of ●ge and over with selected AfDS knowfedge and affltudes

from the 19s8 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, se% education, ●nd ethnicity United States, May-Ootober 1988

[Data era based on housatrold Inlervlevm of the ctviflarrnonlnsttIulkmalQed Ppulatbn. The survey daslgn, general quaJitlcatbna, arid Informstbn on the relbbillly of

the estimates we gtven !JIteohnical nOteS]

A~ sex Educat&n Hkpt?nb o~h

16-29354.9 5oy3ars Less man More man Other

AIDS knowledge or eft#ude Total JAMS jwre endovsr Ma/e Ferrrefe 12y9aIs 12p3ars 12years Mexhen Hkpemc

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l~

1.

la

1b.

2.

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21.

22.

In the past month. have you–

Seen any publlc service armouncamants about AtDS on

televiabn?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Heard any publlo setvlce announcements about AfDS on

the radb?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Oon’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Were any of those publlc service mnouncemen ta called

“America R@sponds to AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Neiiher hearcinor aawanypubllcsa rviceen nouncements. . 13

In the past month, have you read any brochures or pamphlets

about AJDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AfDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Vmere dld you get the pamphlets or brochuraa?l 2

Clinic,otherthanworkcllnic..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Doctor’sofflce (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Publichaatfhdepariment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Recekadlnm atlwtthoufasking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

RedCroas/RedCrossblooddonatbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Criherbloddonstbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Sant/phonwlfor/requastedN.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fsderal/SfateflocxslgovemmenI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Work,othertharrcltnloornursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Worlr, nuraeorclinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Donlkrunv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Have you ev$r dtscussed AIDS wlfh any of your chlidren

aged l&17?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Haveanyorallof y~urchlldrenaged ltH7hadlnskuofbn St

schoolaboutAIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

DoWtknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Howmuchwouldyou sayyouknowalwl AtDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Allttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Tothebestofyour knowfedge,ksthwe adifferencebefween

having the AIDS vrrus and having the dlaeaaa AIDS?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

23s.AIDS can reduce the body’s natural protectbn against dtsease.

Defmttelytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Probatxytnre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Deflnltelyfaise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Oonllmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

87

11

1

57

41

2

31

14

45

10

41

56

59

39

2

8

11

3

1

33

2

0

13

21

8

3

20

40

60

56

;

23

43

26

6

53

23

2:

66

14

4

3

14

100

63

15

1

57

39

4

25

14

47

13

38

82

0

52

47

1

6

13

:

35

1

i

2

22

16

4

24

50

50

61

13

28

22

35

33

11

z

2

63

15

2

2

17

lW

78

20

2

51

46

3

16

13

51

19

24

75

1

32

87

1

1

13

2

33

:

24

20

4

17

37

61

2

59

4

37

14

26

33

27

35

17

1

47

47

11

3

0

38

85

14

1

61

36

3

24

15

50

12

34

65

1

48

50

2

5

9

3

2

1

0

6

1

28

17

3

27

3s

61

0

54

10

38

21

3a

31

12

49

23

$

65

14

4

2

15

.- .- lw

83

16

2

51

46

3

27

14

45

14

38

82

0

53

46

1

7

15

3

1

37

1

0

6

1

18

10

4

17

56

44

85

14

21

20

35

32

13

47

22

0

30

57

13

3

2

25

78

20

2

52

45

3

27

14

42

17

24

75

0

34

65

1

7

15

:

27

1

:

17

11

3

24

32

w

0

59

10

31

12

25

39

24

26

23

0

49

43

15

3

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37

lm

66

12

1

55

u

2

28

14

46

11

43

58

0

62

37

1

6

10

4

2

40

0

0

7

24

12

5

20

56

34

63

11

28

20

45

33

5

2

1

16

70

14

4

2

10

100

69

10

1

64

32

5

20

13

56

9

46

53

1

85

34

1

7

13

2

2

34

3

0

8

3

23

16

2

19

63

37

58

17

25

37

43

18

2

76

14

10

80

12

2

1

5

83

14

2

51

47

2

28

15

46

13

31

89

0

45

54

1

6

16

1

2

34

1

0

8

1

23

15

4

20

42

58

57

U

16

36

32

16

41

25

1

34

58

15

4

2

24

100

64

15

1

62

35

3

25

14

49

13

41

58

1

57

43

1

7

9

4

1

34

1

0

6

2

21

12

4

22

57

43

0

85

;

25

35

30

9

2

25

M

12

2

2

17

3aefodmtesatend oftsble.
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provlslonal estimates of the percent of Hispanic ●dults 18 years of ●ge ●nd over wftt’r seieoted Al DS knowfedge and attitudes

from the 1986 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, ae~ education, and ethnicity United States, May-October 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household Inlervfaws of the oIvUlarrnonlnsflfufkmallzad populatbn. The survey design, generaf queltflcdm’rs, end Information on the relleWty of

the estlmafee are given In technical notes]

Age sex .Edwatkvr HisPWC 0f@i7

——

16-29 30+9 50 yews LOSSthan More fhan Ofher

AIDS lmoWe5ge or affltude Total yaws ywars and over Male Female 12years 12 years 12 pars Mexkan Hispanic

23b.AIDS !s espectafly common In older peopte.

Deflnltely lrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probabfy true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Deflnllely falee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2X AIDS can damage the brain.

Deflnifely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Probebly true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Probabtyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Defmlfelyfek.e., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

23d.AiDS usuelty leads 10 haart dlsaaea.

Definitely tre e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

ProiMbiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Probabiyfafse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Deflnilelyfaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

23e.AIDSlsanlnfeotbus dlseaseoauaedby avtrus.

Deflnflelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Definlfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

23f. Teenagers oerrnot get AIDS.

Deflnltefytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probebtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Deflnlfefyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

239.AIDSbedslo death.

Deflniletytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Probabtylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Probatxyfaiee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Defrnlreiyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

23h.Apemmcan betnfecfedwilhthe AIDSvirusmdnot Inavethe

dtsease AIDS.

Definltetytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Probeblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Probabtyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Defintfetyfabe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

231 Looking afapefson Lsenough tolell~he orshe hasthe

AtDS VkUS.

Defkilfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Probabtylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Deflnlfeiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

23J. Anypetsonwlftr theAlDSvlnrsc6n paeaftontosomeone else

during sexual tntercoursa.

Deflnifelyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Probablyfefse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Deflnltelyfatse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

23k.Apersonwtro haelheAIDSvlrus canbokandfeal heatthy

end well.

Deffnlfeiytrue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Probabtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Deflnllefyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Don’fknmv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

231. Apregnantwonran wtrohestheAtDS Wrusc.angtvetfIe AIDS

vlrustoherbsby.

Deflnilelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Probablytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Prooebryfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Definifetyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2

2

17

6a

10

23

26

10

9

32

2

13

13

34

57

21

3

3

16

2

1

4

w

3

66

9

0

1

2

45

23

3

6

21

1

5

19

63

11

87

9

0

1

3

40

32

6

10

12

82

13

1

4

3

2

~8

67

11

27

26

8

6

30

z

18

;

63

17

2

3

+4

3

1

5

65

5

87

8

0

1

3

46

22

2

9

21

5

7

14

60

14

62

10

1

:

36

23

7

16

18

7B

15

1

1

6

2

3

16

57

20

26

23

4

4

43

:

5

7

51

39

21

4

1

35

2

2

9

73

14

65

7

0

;

2

4

4

43

2

8

13

47

36

76

13

0

10

19

25

6

13

37

71

18

1

13

3

2

18

66

13

27

25

8

8

32

13

26

12

12

36

61

16

3

3

18

2

;

66

6

2s

8

1

3

E

3

8

24

3

7

15

66

16

63

11

0

1

5

3s

24

5

13

20

77

14

1

0

7

2

3

16

66

12

24

28

8

8

34

12

23

13

11

42

52

22

3

2

20

3

2

7

81

7

66

8

0

1

4

3s

25

3

7

27

;

16

57

16

63

10

1

1

6

30

29

8

13

20

79

14

0

1

6

4

4

18

62

22

23

23

4

5

45

14

20

8

8

49

41

17

3

3

36

4

3

7

74

11

65

7

0

1

6

25

19

3

9

43

3

8

16

44

29

76

13

0

0

10

23

24

9

13

32

75

13

1

1

10

2

d

72

6

32

25

11

6

25

13

26

15

13

33

64

21

3

3

9

2

0

4

90

3

91

7

:

48

26

3

6

15

4

8

16

63

10

67

8

1

1

3

33

28

7

19

14

60

15

0

4

0

2

15

79

4

19

34

10

10

26

6

30

18

14

32

71

19

2

2

6

1

4

92

3

65

12

0

2

2

60

21

2

8

9

2

4

?3

7

87

9

0

1

2

55

29

2

6

8

79

15

1

1

5

2

3

18

64

13

23

26

8

6

36

12

26

13

11

37

50

20

4

3

23

2

2

6

64

6

65

9

0

2

3

34

25

4

8

29

3

7

19

54

19

60

13

1

0

7

30

27

8

12

23

75

16

1

1

a

2

1

18

67

11

28

27

e

6

30

12

23

12

12

41

62

19

2

2

15

3

1

5

64

7

89

7

0

1

4

49

21

2

2;

4

7

12

61

16

66

8

0

1

5

36

26

5

15

16

61

13

0

1

5

6eefcdnolesel ertdoflsble.
advancedata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Hispanic adulta 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes

from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by age, sex, education, ●nd ethnicity: United States, May-October 1988—Con.

[Data are based cn household Interviews of me CMliSn nOninSlnUt10nallZ$3dpopulation. The survey design, general quatiflcatlcne, end Information on the reliability of

me estimates we g~en in technical notasl

Age sex Educat&m Hispank o@vr

I&a XJ-#9 50 years Lass than More fhan ~har

AIDS knowfedge or atfaude Total years years and over Male Female 12 years 12 yam’s 12 years Mexxwr Hi$penb

23mThere S a vaccine available to the publlc that proWcfs a person

from getting the AIDS virus.

Definnely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probfmtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Definnelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Don’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

23n.There is no cure for AIDS at present.

Deflnnely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Probably tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Probably faise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Dcnlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

24. Ho%vllkely doyouthlnk ntslhaf apefson wWgel AIDSorthe

AIDS virus Infection from24a LMng near a hcspttal or home for AIDS patients?

Vefylikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

somewhatllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewtratunlikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Veryunllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Deftnftelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

24b.Wortdng near someone with the AIDS Wrus?

Varyllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Somewhatllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Somawhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Vefyunllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Deth%letynctpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Donlkncw . . . . . . ...’.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

24c.Ealfng inarwstaurent wheratheoookhas ltwAIDSVINS?

Verylikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

scmewhatlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

.%mewhatunllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Deflnltelynofpoeslbla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

24d.10sslng-wifh exchangeofaafiva-a parsonwhofmsthe

AIDSvlms?

Veryllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sofnewhaflikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Vefyunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Definnelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

24aShakfngharr&, Iouchtng,orkfssfng onthachEmkscmecne

whohastheAIDS vtrus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

scmawhatllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

8omawhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryunl[kely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Definnelynctpcsslt)le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Dcn’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24f. Sharing plates, forks, or glasses wflh someone who has the

AIDSViruS?

Ve!ylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Somawhatllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

somewhatunlikafy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...10

Veryunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Deflnilalynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

24g.u.5mg publfc toilets?

Vefyllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somawhaflikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Scmawtrafunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Veryunllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Deftnnelynotjx6slbfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3

5

11

66

15

83

6

1

4

6

2

;

3a

38

10

4

9

12

37

32

6

7

13

14

27

26

13

19

24

14

16

13

13

3

5

E

44

8

10

14

:

27

13

5

12

10

30

26

14

2

3

10

65

m

60

8

1

2

6

5

5

6

30

40

13

6

11

9

33

28

12

9

15

11

27

22

16

24

25

13

14

11

14

5

8

4

34

11

10

16

11

26

24

13

9

17

9

26

24

14

1

6

9

53

31

72

8

4

4

13

6

9

7

27

30

20

6

16

14

20

22

22

19

17

12

16

12

24

26

27

8

5

2:

6

13

12

26

25

17

14

22

9

19

12

24

11

26

7

16

13

26

2

4

9

66

19

61

6

2

4

8

4

5

6

31

40

13

5

10

9

31

33

12

9

14

11

26

24

15

24

28

12

13

11

14

5

6

10

31

36

9

10

16

9

24

26

14

6

15

11

z

14

Percent dktrtbulicnl

2

4

11

61

21

79

9

2

2

9

4

6

7

33

35

14

5

12

13

32

26

12

12

15

13

24

19

17

25

25

12

13

9

15

5

8

11

29

35

13

11

17

11

25

19

16

9

19

2

21

18

2

6

10

50

31

69

9

3

4

15

8

7

5

28

31

23

7

12

9

27

25

21

15

15

10

16

19

23

29

22

8

10

9

23

9

9

9

24

28

20

14

17

8

19

19

23

13

21

7

19

17

23

3

3

11

69

15

aa

6

:

4

2

6

8

32

42

9

5

11

12

31

32

9

8

74

13

26

26

13

23

24

15

15

13

10

2

4

12

31

45

7

7

16

12

26

28

12

6

15

:

26

14

3

9

79

9

89

5

2

1

3

2

4

6

42

43

3

2

10

13

40

32

2

7

14

16

34

21

8

19

33

16

17

7

6

0

10

11

40

37

2

9

17

:

22

6

4

12

11

E

7

3

5

12

5S

21

77

10

2

3

8

5

8

6

32

34

74

6

14

2

27

13

13

17

11

20

m

la

27

25

11

10

11

17

5

10

11

29

32

12

12

18

;

21

17

10

19

11

24

20

16

1

4

9

67

19

82

5

2

3

6

4

:

32

42

13

5

9

:

31

11

8

11

13

30

23

14

22

26

13

16

9

13

4

6

10

31

39

10

10

16

10

27

24

13

7

15

$

26

47

SeOfcdnotesstend cftable.
10 advanceciata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Hispanic adults 18 years of ●ge and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes

from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, aq education, ●nd ethnicity United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household intervbws of the ctvman nonlnstltufionahzad populalbn. The survey design, general quallfk.a!ior!s, and Informatbn on the reliiblltty of

the estunates are given In khnlcal notes]

Age sex Educatbr Hkpemc origin ——

l&?9 30+9 50 years Less than More than Other

AIDS knm$4edge or aftlfude Total years years and over Male Female 12years 12 yaws 12 years Mexban Htsparrk

24h.Sharing needles for drug use wfth someone who has me

ADS vkus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

somawhat unllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Very unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Definitely nol possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

241. Eking coughed or sneezed on by someone who has the

AIDS ViflJS?

Very llkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

somawhaf llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6omewhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

VeryunHkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Deftnttely notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

24j. Attending school with a child !hl_!ohas the AIDS virus?

Veryllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somawhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Deftnltelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

24k. Mcquttces or other In-?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Somawhatllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Somewhetunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Veryunllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Daflnttelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

25. Haveyou everdonated blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26s. Have you donated blood she March 1965?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

26b. Have vou donated blocd In the ossf 12 months?

27.

28.

Y&.. . . . . . . . . . . . ...”..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Haveyouaverheard Ofabloodtestlhat candeteCttheP.lDS

vkuslnfecfbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

TotheLwslofyour knowledge, sreblood donatbnarouflneiy

testednowforthe AIDSvtruSlnfaofbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Neverhaerdoftest4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2%. Have you aver recetvad counsallng or had a talk wilh a haetfh

profesekmalabout taklngtheAIDSvlrus test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Donlkncrw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoflest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

29b.Wesmecltscussbn-”s

Wlthaprivafedootor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Atafamlly-plannlngcllnb? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

0nanAlDShotllne7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Ataprenatalcllnlc? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

AtanSTDoreexuatiytransmtttedcWeasacllnlc? . . . . . . . 5

AtanAIDS/HIVcoun%Mngandtesting siie? . . . . . . . . . . 12

Wlthsome otherheslf hprofessbnet?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Wlthsomeothercouneelor?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

30. Durtngthat dtscuesbn, dkfyouraoelve inform tbn SbOUthOW

to avoid geftlng or paeslng on the AIDS virus?i?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

91

4

2

0

3

8

14

18

26

20

14

2

4

9

35

41

10

12

17

6

21

22

22

22

77

0

12

68

0

5

e5

o

72

25

4

57

6

2:

6

65

28

46

10

5

4

3

5

34

49

51

6e

3

1

2

1

4

9

21

14

23

16

14

4

7

10

30

35

14

11

20

8

16

20

23

27

72

1

11

66

1

4

e5

1

67

2e

5

63

5

9

33

4

63

0

33

26

3

3

9

26

25

6

61

39

67

3

0

0

9

:

10

17

;

5

14

11

24

24

Z?

17

21

5

11

$

30

69

0

4

e6

o

;

o

49

44

7

34

5

10

51

2

47

51

67

33

63

37

90

4

0

2

1

4

8

19

14

23

16

17

3

7

9

32

34

14

12

20

6

19

19

23

z

o

12

66

0

5

e4

1

63

32

5

52

3

6

37

4

5e

37

37

3

6

8

9

28

3

47

53

Percent distrlbutbn f

69

3

0

2

1

5

11

16

15

23

t7

16

4

6

11

29

35

14

13

16

7

16

19

26

:

1

8

91

1

3

e6

1

67

29

5

49

7

10

34

5

62

0

M

43

9

2

3

4

15

32

2

62

36

64

4

0

2

1

9

13

16

11

16

13

27

6

8

9

26

28

24

16

16

6

12

14

31

:

0

4

e5

1

1

98

1

47

45

6

34

3

10

53

3

44

53

49

54

4

53

47

e3

2

0

2

1

2

7

17

15

24

24

13

3

5

11

30

42

6

10

21

6

19

21

21

26

73

1

12

87

1

4

e4

2

74

24

2

56

6

10

26

6

67

0

26

36

11

4

4

8

16

3

44

56

e4

3

1

1

1

6

19

19

32

17

6

1

6

11

41

35

5

7

16

6

26

27

16

41

59

16

64

0

:

0

66

11

3

74

6

6

14

4

62

14

39

5

17

12

36

30

62

78

66

4

0

2

1

5

11

19

16

21

14

19

5

8

9

32

31

16

13

18

%

17

16

27

27

73

10

eo

3

97

61

36

5

46

5

9

39

3

57

w

45

5

3

9

16

26

3

56

42

93

3

0

2

1

4

8

16

14

25

21

15

2

6

12

29

36

12

13

20

6

16

20

23

25

74

1

10

6e

1

4

e4

2

69

26

5

55

5

9

31

5

64

0

31

37

7

4

3

2

9

24

2

54

46

See fodnotes at end oftable
advanceciata 11

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Hispanic adults 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge ●nd attitudes

from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, se% education, and ethnicity: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on householdInterviewsof the cMlbrr nonlnstttufbnalizedpopulatbn. The surveydesign,general qualifkalbrts, and Infofmatkmon the reliablltlyof

the astlmatesare given In technloaJnotes]

Age sex Educatkm Hispardc @in

73-B m 5oyeaJs Less then More than

AIDS knowledge or affflude

Oitmr

To/al years pars and over Male Female 12years 12pars 12 pars Mexbarr Hlspank

31. Have you ever fwen advised by a heatth professiomdnotto

have the blood testfor the AfDS virus Infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6S

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Never heard oftast’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

32. Have you ever been advised by friendsor relattws notto have

the blind test for the AtDS virus Infection?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Never heard obtest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

33. Haveyou hadyour blocdtested forthe AlDSvltusinfeotbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Neverheardoflest4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

35a.How many tfmeshave you had your bloat testedforthe AIDS

vtrusinfecfbn?’

Once. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3-5tknes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

6-12tlmea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Morathan 12tlrrres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;

Neverheardofornevertookteste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

35b.Howmanytlmes tnthepast12rncmths haveyouhadyour

bloodtestedforthe AIDSvlrus infeof&n?7

Nonelnlhepast 12monttra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Once.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Morathmonoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Naverheardofornevertooktests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

36. Westhetestpwere anyofthe tasts, includingthoWyou had

Mforathepastl 2monlhs-”7

Partofabk)oddonatlon?a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Partofabloodtransfusbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Volunfaftfysought?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zz

Psutofsomeofheraotivnythatrequlresablood sample? . . 23

36. DMyoug& tMmulhd~ur t@my&~rt~@?a

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

41. Doyouexpecfto haveablocdteet fortheAIDSvkus infecfbn

In the next 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Dorr’fknw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Neverheerdofteat’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

42. Wiilthetestba-’”’o

Parfofabbcddonafbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Voluntarifysought?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

PaflofsomeotheractMtylhatrequIresaDIWSmDle? . . 15

44aDfdyouhaveaMoodtranfusl&aramyllmehWwn ‘

1977 and 1965?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

44b.Doyouthlnk thepresentsuppty ofbbcdbsafefor tranfusbns?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6

other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

45. HereansomemethodspeopleusetoprmentgeftlngtheAIDS

vkusthroughsaxual actively.fioweffectlve ts45aUstngadlaphragm?

Veryeffecttve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

.%mewhateffeothe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Notatalleffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Donlknowhoweffactfve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Donlknowmefhod. :....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

0

71

26

1

71

28

19

65

1

26

10

1

0

8

81

2

9

0

8

81

48

3

23

31

88

32

::

9

28

;

27

2

1

35

39

25

2

12

51

21

14

0

67

33

0

66

0

33

14

52

34

5

0

0

1

8

86

:

1

8

66

66

18

16

76

23

2

7

53

6

33

33

63

3

5

95

1

34

35

32

3

10

49

19

19

48

51

49

5;

6

41

2

5a

3

1

3

94

1

2

0

3

84

56

30

16

53

26

23)

A

5:

17

80

3

95

2

24

33

43

3

:

33

29

63

37

0

63

37

16

48

1

35

6

1

0

0

8

84

1

6

1

8

64

63

3

14

26

58

37

5

8

49

3;

23

62

18

3

96

1

36

31

32

3

9

43

24

20

Par’oentdistributbnl

o

66

33

0

66

2

12

54

1

33

6

0

6

68

1

5

0

2

52

30

20

63

17

$

8

33

24

72

13

5

94

1

29

40

31

2

11

48

m

18

0

47

53

0

47

2

9

39

1

52

5

0

3

91

1

4

0

3

91

44

3

24

34

81

19

;

6

53

7:

16

5

94

1

23

37

40

3

6

28

29

32

0

73

26

1

73

26

18

56

2

25

9

0

0

0

8

62

1

9

0

4

56

2

21

26

70

28

4

9

56

9

26

39

62

9

4

95

0

:

27

3

11

54

21

10

86

14

0

66

14

20

67

1

12

5

2

0

0

12

81

3

5

1

12

m

71

21

11

58

39

2

12

68

6

14

20

69

19

4

95

1

46

30

23

1

11

65

13

10

0

60

39

0

60

w

14

47

1

37

6

:

0

7

86

1

5

1

7

w

60

2

E

76

20

4

7

47

7

39

26

65

15

5

94

1

30

37

33

3

9

41

25

22

0

68

31

0

69

0

31

14

55

1

30

7

1

0

6

66

1

6

0

6

86

56

$

24

64

35

1

:

7

31

22

71

15

4

95

0

35

34

3f

2

11

51

19

16

SeOfodnofesstervj oftable.
12 advafmixkita

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Hispanic adults 18 years of age and over wifh selected AIDS knowfedge and attitudes

from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, se~ education, and ethnicity: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Inlervbws of the cMllan nonlnstttutbnehzed populatbn. The survey cfeslgn, general quefiftcatbm, and Information on the rellablltty of

the esllmales are given in technioaJ notes]

Age sex Educatlmr Hkpanb origh ——

16-29 .X%f’.95oyeam Lass than More than Dther

AIDS knowledgeor atfi?ude Total years years end over Male FemeIe 12ywms 12years 12 pats Mexkan Hlspanb

45b. Using a condom?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Somewhat effecflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Notaletl affectiv e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Don’lknow howeffeofNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

45c. Using a sperm lcldal jelly, foam, or cream?

Veryeffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhate ffecfive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Nofatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Don’fknow howeffectt#a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Donlknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

45d.Having a vasectomy?

Veryeffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

.%mewhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notatall effeotlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Don’tknow howaffecfhfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Donlknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

45e.Two people who do not have theAIDS virus having sex only

with each olhet?

Veryeffecfive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

somewhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Notatell effacflve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’tknow fmweffecflve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’t know method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

46. Whatare yourchances ofhavlng ihe AJDSvlrus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

47. Whafare yourchances ofgefflng the AfDSvlrus?

Huh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Madlum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

HlghchancaofalreedyhavingAIDSvtrus. . . . . . . . . . . . 1

49. Doyouseyyo~\chanoaofgeftlngAIDStshlghormedium

becauseyou–

Havehadabloodtransfusbn?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Have had sexual oontaot with eomeone who mlghf have

thevirus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Sanaotherreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

52. HaveyouaverdlsoussadAIDSwtthafrbndormiarNe?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

53. When waslhelasltimeyoudlsoussed AiDSwfthafrbndor

relattve?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

I-l daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Donlknow. . .

Nmerd@u~i2 :::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~

54. Haveyou everpersonaliy known enyonewlth AIDSorthe

AIDS VkUS?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

55. Howlonghaslt tmenslncayousawthtspamon?

Wfthlnpas12weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2weeks-lessthan l month.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

lmonth-bssthan3months., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3months-lessthan6months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

6monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

NeverknewenyonewffhAfDS1s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

28

49

11

9

3

2

13

53

22

10

2

8

58

la

16

77

7

7

7

2

1

3

16

7.5

5

0

4

21

70

4

1

4

E

85

35

1

7

13

5

18

30

3

35

11

68

3

1

;

2

6

89

30

47

8

8

6

3

10

50

24

14

3

2

83

17

16

79

9

3

5

3

1

3

7

64

5

:

;

5

1

8:

60

38

1

10

13

9

10

16

2

40

6

91

2

1

1

0

2

4

0

92

22

34

11

23

10

2

7

33

34

23

0

1

47

28

23

74

7

2

12

5

2

1

68

9

1

2

4

61

12

15

15

85

38

84

0

6

7

3

12

5

3

64

6

82

2

1

1

2

0

3

94

Percentdlstrtbuflont

29

46

8

12

5

3

10

43

28

15

2

4

57

21

16

79

8

5

7

3

0

4

10

80

6

1

4

z

5

0

6

15

69

53

46

1

7

11

8

12

12

3

47

8

91

2

2

0

1

1

3

0

94

27

45

11

11

8

1

11

52

22

14

2

2

58

18

18

76

10

4

7

3

1

1

8

84

8

1

2

11

78

7

1

:

60

39

1

9

12

5

13

16

2

40

11

87

2

1

1

1

2

5

89

21

37

13

17

11

2

7

36

29

24

1

3

43

23

29

69

9

5

10

6

0

3

7

81

10

1

3

:

to

o

6

9

52

40

59

1

5

8

4

9

12

2

60

4

94

3

1

1

1

0

2

86

36

45

9

7

3

3

13

51

28

7

3

3

62

19

12

60

8

5

6

1

0

4

9

83

4

1

5

12

78

4

0

2

so

34

10

13

8

17

17

2

34

9

69

2

1

1

1

2

4

91

29

58

5

7

1

1

13

61

17

9

1

2

76

13

5

87

7

1

4

1

1

1

13

83

2

1

21

74

2

1

17

14

69

75

25

12

16

9

14

20

5

26

17

81

1

3

0

1

3

9

0

83

26

43

10

13

7

3

11

42

28

16

2

4

56

20

18

73

10

5

9

3

1

3

7

82

8

1

4

13

74

7

1

6

9

66

52

48

0

6

9

5

13

15

2

49

9!

2

1

1

1

3

e4

30

47

9

10

4

1

10

53

22

14

2

3

60

19

17

82

7

3

6

3

1

2

11

82

4

0

2

;

5

1

13

95

62

37

1

10

14

1;

15

3

38

11

86

2

1

1

2

:

ee

%efcdmhsnterd oftnble.
advancedata 13

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of Hispanic aduits 18 years of age and over with seiected Ai DS knowiedge ●nd ●ttitudes

from the 1988 Nationai Heaith interview Survey, by ●ge, sex, education, ●nd ethnicity United States, May-October 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the civillan noninstlfutbnalized pcpulatbn. The survey design, general qualifiiafbns, and Informatbn on the reliability of

the estimates are given m tectmical notes]

Age 52X Educafbn Hispanic origkr

18-2930-4950 years l,ess Zfrarr More than Giber

AIDS knowledge or atfflude Total yams years and over Male Female 12years 12years 12years Mexkarr Hispanti

56.

57.

58.

59.

61.

How well do you know this person?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fairtywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notvery well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’! really knowperscnalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Dther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow howwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Never knewanyone wtfh AlDS13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Is any of these statements true for you?

a You have hemophilia and have received clottlng factor

concentrates slnc6 1977.

b. You are a nattve C4Haiti or Central cr East Africa who has

entered the Unttad states since 1977.

c. You are a manwhohas had sex with enother man at some

time since 1917, even 1 time.

d. You have taken Ubgai drugs by needle at any time since

1977.

e. Since 1977, you are or have been the sex partner of any

person who would answer yes to any of the items above

(57 a-d).

f. You have had sex for money or drugs at anytime since

1977.

Yestoat least l statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Noto all statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Refusa l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The U.S. Publlc Heatfh Service has said that AfDS k one of the

major health problems in the country but exactly how many

people If affects is nol known. The Surgeon General has

pro- that a sfudy be conducbd and blood samples be

taken to help find out how widespread the problem ts. ff you

were sabcted In th!s natbnal sample of people to have their

blood testad with assurancesof privacy of fest results, would

you have the test?

YeS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Why wouldn’t you take pail fn the tesl?14

Don’twant toknowtf l have AIDS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’twant anyccunseling abcut AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Fearl’ll get ADDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Don’lhketo glveblocd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’ttrust Government prcgrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

ltLeawaste of money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’tbelleve AiDScan really becured anyway . . . . . . . . 5

Dfher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

When Federal public health officiats gtve Infomratbn abc#A

AIDS, do you belleve what they say or are you doubtful about

lhe Informatbn they give?

E3elieve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Donlkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

62, When lhey[publb heatfhofffclats] giveadvice abcuthowto

help keep from getflng AIDS, do you believe their advice or are

you dcubttul about what they eay7

SeIlave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i7

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Don’tkncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2

3

4

2

1

69

2

96

0

74

20

1

5

6

8

9

20

4

5

2

32

17

71

25

4

78

17

5

1

2

3

1

1

52

4

96

1

67

25

;

8

3

10

15

5

4

6

39

15

6e

27

9

78

15

7

1

1

1

2

2

e4

lm

59

31

2

9

7

2

9

13

4

3

5

45

17

64

19

16

74

12

14

1

1

2

1

1

e4

9:

0

70

23

1

6

8

4

11

7

2

3

5

45

16

69

22

9

76

15

8

.

Percent d!stnbution’

2

3

3

1

2

89

2

9a

1

65

26

1

7

6

4

e

23

6

4

4

34

16

70

22

8

78

15

7

1

0

1

1

1

*

1

9a

1

63

27

2

9

9

6

6

14

5

5

6

31

20

88

19

15

71

16

13

2

2

3

0

2

91

3

97

88

26

1

5

5

3

13

18

3

4

5

43

9

69

27

4

76

18

6

2

6

6

3

1

83

3

98

0

75

19

2

5

5

3

5

18

5

1

0

52

13

74

22

4

88

9

3

1

2

1

1

1

84

2

97

1

66

25

1

8

8

5

9

13

3

4

5

40

16

67

24

9

74

17

9

2

3

4

1

1

Se

2

9s

69

25

1

5

6

4

10

19

6

4

5

37

15

71

21

6

80

13

7

1Mukiplemsponsaarnsysum ti mare thsn X20.

2-on ~mm -Wnm ~ to queatlrn4 (lnciudesy= to qu~~ 3).

3Sasedon penom ~W w to q~f~ 11. “Dow ~W w childrena9~ 10 thqh 177”Duestlon12 WM “Hew w do P hsve’?’

‘Perems answerirg no a dcml knowto quesrlon27.

%mKt on personsemwemrg yes to questlm 2A

%xbdes pmsons-nne yustoquestlo. 26smd noorddt krmwto questiom27 smd s3.

78X on ~ _Wm to -ion W. sea fc.stncte 6.

‘Persons —rl~ now dcdl kmw tO qumtlom 2@a. 27, end 33.

‘ad on paaom enewen W W to W~@ ~; exc~* 1=~~ -% Y=to cwstion 2Se snd no C#don’t know b qwstim 27 or 3s.

%sedcfrperso msnswemg

“assedw lpmonsemwerrg

yw to quedon 41.

highw rmdbm to quralon 46.

‘%sd on persoria anewaTq

‘%hsadenpelsons

co of don? krcw to qwetion 52.

—mg no or don? kmw to quatlon M

t4~ on pamm IICi _

rg yes to question 56.
14 advancecfata

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of non-Hispanic adults 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and

attitudes from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by age, sex, and education: United States, May-October 1988

[Data are based on household Interviews of the clvllksn nonmstiiutbnehzed populatbn. The survey deakgn, genereJ quaIifkatkms, and Information on the reliability of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sex Educet&n

l&29 2&49 5Q years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or atttfude Totat years yews isnd over Male Female 12 years 12 years 12 years

Percent distnbutionf

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. In the past month, have you–

la Seen any public servlca announcements about AIDS on

!eleviskm?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1b. Heard any publlc eervka announcements aboul AIDS on

the radb?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Were any of those public service announcements called

‘“AmerkaResponds to AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neither heard norsawany publlcservka anrm.rncaments. .

3. In the past month, have you read any brochures or pamphlets

about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Where dld you get the pamphlets or brochures?l’2

Cllnlc, otherthanworkclinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Docfor’sofflce (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drugstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publichealfhdeparlment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racelvadin mallwithoutaaklng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RedCross/RedCrossblooddona!icrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherblooddonafbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sent/phonedfor/requesfadlt... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Federal/State/localgovemmenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, otherthancllnloornurse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, nursaorcllnlc, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15. Have you ev$r dkcuased AIDS with any of your children

agad IG17?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16. Haveanyorallof y~urchlldrenaged l&17hadlnstrucfbn et

schoolabatAJDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21. Howmuchwould yousayyouknow aboufAIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22. TotheMetofyour knowledge,kthere adtfferancabefween

having tfIe AIDS virus and having the dti AIDS?

Yes. ..,,............,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23a AIDScen raducathe body'snatural protection againsldkaase.

Definlfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtytrue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmttelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100

85

13

2

46

50

4

22

11

54

13

40

59

1

64

36

1

2

11

1

2

37

2

1

7

0

27

12

4

13

1

62

36

0

56

14

29

23

44

25

8

0

66

15

0

19

75

12

2

3

9

100

85

14

1

54

42

4

30

12

46

11

42

56

1

66

32

0

3

13

2

3

31

2

1

14

2:

10

3

15

0

39

61

41

23

36

21

51

25

3

66

21

0

12

76

11

2

3

6

100 100

62

15

3

36

59

5

15

11

50

16

35

64

1

54

45

1

1

6

1

J

1

0

2

0

32

7

2

12

1

54

46

59

10

31

17

35

31

16

0

56

10

0

31

65

14

2

4

16

100

e-l

14

2

50

45

4

21

12

54

13

37

62

1

60

39

1

2

8

1

2

36

2

1

7

0

28

13

2

15

1

49

51

0

54

11

35

22

43

27

9

0

65

16

0

19

76

12

1

3

8

100 100 100 100

66

12

2

49

46

5

23

11

54

11

44

55

1

70

29

1

2

11

1

2

36

2

1

6

1

26

16

4

13

0

64

36

0

56

14

28

29

47

21

3

0

72

15

0

12

62

9

:

5

65

13

2

78

19

3

87

11

1

66

12

2

42

a4

5

36

59

5

46

50

4

51

45

5

23

10

54

13

21

11

49

19

21

12

56

12

43

56

1

22

70

1

40

6a

1

47

52

1

67

32

1

45

54

1

64

3a

1

74

26

1

2

13

1

2

4

11

2

3

41

1

0

5

0

28

5

2

2

11

1

1

39

2

1

5

1

27

11

3

13

1

2

10

1

2

34

2

1

10

1

28

14

5

14

1

36

2

0

7

2;

10

5

12

1

12

1

74

26

0

49

51

61

39

0

69

31

0

61

16

23

56

14

30

24

45

24

7

0

11

31

35

24

0

19

47

29

6

0

34

4a

17

2

0

66

15

0

19

41

17

0

41

64

17

0

18

60

12

0

8

74

11

2

3

9

52

16

3

5

24

75

13

2

3

7

87

6

1

1

3

30afcdnotesat erdoftab!e.
adwmedata 15

Table 2. Provlslonai estimates of the percent of non-Hispanic ●dults 18 years of age and over with seiected AIDS knowledge and

attitudes from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by age, sex, and education: United States, May-October 1988—Con.

[Dala are based on household Interviews of the civillan nonlnstiiutlonalized populatbn. The swvey desqn, general qualflcatbrs, and informatbn on the reliability of

the estimat- are given In taclmksd notes]

Age sax Education

1%?9 3549 50 years Less fhan

AIDS knowledge or affitude

More than

Total years ytX315 and over Male Female 12 years 12 years 12 J@lrs

23b.

23C.

23i

230.

23f.

23g.

23h.

231.

23].

231c.

231.

AIDS is especially common In older people.

Deflnttely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntteiy false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllrnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can damage the brain.

Deflnttety true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnflelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dormknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS usually feads to heart disease.

Definltetytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pfobablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProtMbiyfatae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnilelyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS&sanlnfectbus cllseasecausedby avln.m.

Deflnttefytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytfue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Teenagers cannot get AIDS.

Definltetytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSleadstodeath.

Deflrriteiytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apersoncanba Infecfedwiththe AIDSvlrusfstdnot have the

disease AIDS.

DeflnltelyWe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntfefyfafse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L@aklng at a person k enough to tell tf he or she has the

AIDSVINS.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProlMblytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anypersonwtththe AIOSvlruscanpass Itontosomeoneelsa

during sexual intercourse.

Deflnttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntlelyfrdse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Afwsonwhohas theAIDSvtruscan Iookandfeelhealthy

and well.

Deflntleiytnre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A pregnant woman who has the AIDS virus can gtve the AIDS

virus to her baby.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1

19

71

8

27

31

9

7

26

8

22

19

15

37

83

19

2

4

12

1

0

3

92

3

87

9

1

1

2

55

22

4

5

14

2

4

16

69

9

81

13

1

1

4

47

30

7

4

12

78

15

0

1

5

1

1

22

70

6

23

32

11

8

26

6

22

20

17

35

67

20

3

4

8

1

0

2

96

1

67

10

1

2

1

57

22

5

6

9

2

4

15

75

4

63

12

1

1

2

52

31

6

4

8

81

15

1

1

3

1

1

17

77

5

27

30

11

8

24

6

21

22

18

32

70

17

2

3

8

1

0

2

95

2

69

8

1

1

1

62

20

4

5

9

:

14

76

5

63

12

1

1

2

55

28

5

4

8

82

14

0

0

4

1

1

20

67

12

29

32

6

4

29

11

22

14

9

43

52

21

3

4

20

1

1

5

87

6

65

9

0

1

4

46

24

3

4

23

2

4

19

57

17

77

14

1

1

7

36

32

8

5

19

73

17

0

0

9

.

Percent distribution’

1

1

20

70

8

27

31

10

7

25

8

21

20

77

34

64

20

2

3

11

1

0

3

92

3

66

10

1

1

2

54

22

4

5

14

2

4

77

69

9

79

14

2

1

4

49

29

6

4

11

76

17

0

1

6

0

1

19

72

7

26

31

9

8

27

9

22

17

13

39

62

19

2

4

13

1

0

3

92

3

88

8

0

;

56

22

3

4

15

2

4

16

70

9

82

12

1

7

4

46

31

7

4

12

81

14

0

1

5

1

2

19

60

17

26

w)

5

4

34

11

21

11

9

48

47

22

3

4

24

2

1

6

63

9

65

7

0

:

36

23

4

6

31

3

6

20

50

22

77

12

1

1

9

30

28

10

8

25

72

16

0

1

11

1

1

20

72

6

26

31

9

7

28

8

23

17

14

38

62

20

3

4

11

;

3

93

2

69

8

0

:

54

24

4

5

13

1

4

17

69

6

K3

12

1

t

3

46

32

7

5

11

79

15

0

0

4

0

1

:

4

28

32

12

2:

7

21

25

19

29

72

17

:

8

1

0

2

96

1

86

11

1

1

1

66

20

3

4

7

;

13

79

4

81

14

2

1

2

59

29

4

3

6

81

15

0

1

3

3eefodmtesat endoftable.
16 advancedata

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of non-Hlapanlc adults 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and

attitudes from the 1986 National Health Interview Survey, by aga, sex, ●nd education: United States, May-Dctober 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of fhe chdliennonlnstitutbnaltzed populafbn. The survey cleslgn, general quellflc.atbns, and Information on the reliability of

the estimates are g!ven In tmhnlcal notes]

Age sax Educatkm

1&29 30-49 50 years Las than

AIDS knowtedge or atffude

More than

Totet yeiifs y6WS and over Male Female 12 years 12 plrs 12 years

23m.

23n.

24.

24a

24b.

24c.

24cA

24e.

24f.

24g.

There ts a vaccine available to the publlc that protects a person

from getting the AIDS virus.

Definlfely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probebly tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defintieiy fabe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There Is no cure for AfDS at present.

Deflnftely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntlelyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howllkelydoyou thlnkif !slhetstperson wIlgetAIDSorlhe

AIDSvlruslnfectbn fromI_Mngneerahospltsl orhomeforAIDS petlsmts?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .

Somewhal likely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmltelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Working near someone wlfh the AIDS virus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat llkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewnal unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelynotpoaslble .,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eating In a restaurant where the cook has the AIDS virus?

Veryllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewha!likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlteiynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Klsslng-wiih exchange of saltva-a person who has the

AIDSVIIIJS?

Veryilkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal llkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewiratunlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryun)lkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shaking hands, Iouchlng, or kissing on the cheek someone

whohastheAIDS VIIUS?

Verylikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i%omewhatllkefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnilelynotposalble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses wtlh someone who has the

AIDSVlmS?

Veryllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhafunllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Varyunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DeflnifelynoI ~lble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using publlc toilets?

Percentdtstributbnl

1

2

;:

11

85

7

1

3

4

1

4

B

40

40

7

2

9

13

40

28

7

6

19

16

32

15

11

22

29

14

18

7

11

2

7

14

39

31

7

8

20

15

30

17

10

4

11

14

36

25

10

1

2

9

74

14

2

4

11

57

26

1

2

11

74

12

1

1

8

83

6

1

2

10

74

12

88

6

1

3

4

1

3

6

38

43

7

2

10

13

39

29

7

6

18

15

31

16

12

23

29

14

16

7

11

2

6

14

38

33

7

6

20

14

B

16

11

5

12

13

34

25

11

2

3

11

76

9

66

6

1

4

3

2

4

6

39

43

4

2

10

14

39

31

4

6

20

17

32

16

6

19

29

16

19

9

6

1

6

14

39

36

3

7

19

16

31

21

7

5

12

15

34

27

8

1

3

11

68

20

62

a

1

2

7

1

3

6

37

39

12

3

10

12

37

28

13

7

16

13

28

14

20

26

29

10

13

5

17

3

7

13

38

29

13

9

21

13

26

14

77

7

13

12

31

20

17

1

2

6

81

8

89

6

1

2

3

1

3

7

39

46

4

2

9

13

41

31

4

6

18

17

33

18

9

23

28

15

18

7

9

2

6

13

39

36

5

6

19

15

30

19

9

4

10

13

37

27

8

86

6

1

3

4

76

8

1

3

10

66

7

1

3

4

90

5

1

2

2

3

4

9

34

32

18

1

4

9

3!2

42

6

1

2

6

39

50

3

1

3

7

36

45

7

2

10

12

37

30

6

5

12

12

32

22

17

2

10

14

38

29

6

1

8

12

43

33

3

6

16

15

30

17

13

10

20

11

25

12

24

7

20

16

29

16

12

4

16

17

37

19

7

24

29

13

15

7

12

27

26

9

11

6

21

25

29

13

15

7

11

20

2e

17

20

7

7

2

6

13

37

26

7

4

6

12

34

25

17

2

7

16

37

32

6

9

19

14

28

18

12

11

21

11

22

13

21

9

21

14

27

17

11

6

17

16

34

21

6

8

12

13

33

24

12

9

16

10

25

17

22

5

13

15

32

23

11

2

6

13

40

30

6

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3omewhat dkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewha! unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunl}kely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmtfelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3eef0c4nowsatendoftde.
advancedata 17

Table 2. Provislonai estimates of the percent of non-Hispanic aduits 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and

attitudes from the 1988 Nationai Heaith Interview Survey, by age, sexj ●nd education: United States, May43ctober 1988-Con.

[Data are basal on household Intervbwe of the Ctulliannoninsttfutionallzed populatbn. The survey design, general qualifkatlons, and Infonnatbn on the rel!!iltty of

the estimates are given in tachnlcat notes]

Age sax Educat&n

16-29 X7-49 50 years Less than

AIDS knowledge or attitude

More than

Total yaws yaws and over Male Female 12 years 12yGws 12 years

24h. Shartrm nEx3dleSfor drug use with someone who has the

AIDS ‘h$?

24L

24j.

24k.

25.

26a

26b.

27.

28.

29a.

29b.

30.

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.somewha tunllkel y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely nol possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L3elngcoughed or sneezed on by someone who has the

AIDS VkUS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VerfunllKely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntteiynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Attending school wtlh a child who has the AIDS virus?

Verylikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mosquitoes or other Insects?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SomewhaI likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deftnlteiynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you aver donated blood?

‘fed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you donated blood since March 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you donated bicod tn the pest 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever heard of a blood lest that can detect the AIDS

WU$rnff)dbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To the best of your knowtedge, are blood donatbns routinely

testednowforthe AIDSvtrusinfectbn?

Yin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheerdoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever received counseling or had a !alk with a health

professbnalebout taklngtheAiDSvlNs test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wasthedtscussbn-l’s

Wlthaprtvatedoctor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alafamlly-pbnnlngcllnfs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OnanAIDShotline? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Afaprenateiclln!c? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AtanSTD orsexuatiytrensmlrted dkeasecllnlc? . . . . . . .

Atari AIOS/HIV counseling andtastlngstie? . . . . . . . . . .

Wlthaomeotherhealth profassbnal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wtthsomeothercounsaloti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Duringthatdlsoussbn, dkfyouracefvetnfo~tbn about how

toavotdgefflngor pessingontheAIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8eefcdnoteeatend c4table.

94

3

0

1

0

2

7

20

17

29

15

12

2

1:

40

32

8

7

16

9

24

21

22

42

58

0

13

86

1

6

93

1

77

19

5

66

3

5

24

3

73

0

24

46

6

2

5

3

4:

13

66

33

1

ee

2

0

1

0

1

5

19

20

31

18

6

1

5

13

41

35

4

9

19

11

24

20

18

33

66

0

19

60

1

9

90

1

84

14

3

75

3

5

16

6

78

0

16

45

10

2

9

4

L

14

75

23

1

96

2

0

:

1

6

19

18

32

16

9

1

6

12

42

33

5

7

15

9

27

23

19

45

55

0

16

83

1

8

91

1

65

13

3

77

3

5

15

4

60

0

15

46

3

2

1

4

8

47

11

60

40

0

90

3

0

1

0

5

9

23

15

23

11

19

2

7

10

38

28

15

7

15

8

22

19

29

45

55

0

6

93

1

3

96

1

63

29

8

53

3

6

38

1

61

0

37

63

2

4

2

2

4:

10

66

u

Percent dLstributbnl

94

3

0

1

0

2

6

20

18

30

14

11

2

6

12

$

8

9

17

9

25

20

20

54

46

0

16

83

1

8

91

1

77

19

4

68

3

5

24

:

0

24

41

5

2

3

5

:

16

69

30

1

94

2

0

1

0

2

7

20

17

27

15

13

2

6

11

36

33

9

6

15

9

23

22

24

31

89

0

11

89

0

5

94

0

77

19

5

68

3

5

24

3

73

0

24

52

6

3

6

2

6

41

9

63

37

1

86

4

0

1

1

7

11

22

14

20

10

23

4

8

11

34

24

20

12

18

7

17

14

31

33

56

0

5

94

0

2

97

1

57

36

7

47

2

7

43

2

55

0

43

48

?4

2

6

;

42

20

71

27

2

95

2

0

1

0

2

7

22

17

2a

14

12

2

7

13

40

31

7

8

17

10

23

20

22

38

62

0

12

87

1

6

93

1

77

19

5

a

3

5

23

7:

0

23

39

8

1

4

5

7

44

11

75

24

1

96

2

0

0

0

1

4

18

19

34

18

7

1

4

10

z

4

5

14

10

28

25

18

M

50

0

19

61

1

9

90

1

87

10

3

79

3

5

13

5

82

0

13

!W

3

4

5

3

6

44

12

w

40

0
18 acivame<ata

Table 2. provisional e.stlmates of the percent of non-Hispanic ●dufts 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and

attitudes from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, sexj ●nd education: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Inlervlaws of the clvlllan nonlnstflutionallzad populalbn. The survey Cfasign,general qUaliflC81bOn8, and Infonnatlon on the reliability of

the estimates are gNen In lemnlcel notasj

AP sex Education

law 3&49 50&2rs Less than

AIDS knowledge or alflfude

More than

Total Y(%%s yaws and over Ma% Femaka 12 ~ 12years 12 years

31.

32

33.

Have you aver bean advlsad by a heatfh profassbnal not to

have the bbod test for the AIDS vlnJs Infectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tlmow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naverfwardoftest’ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you aver bean advkad by frtends or ralatNas not to have

the bll taatforthe AJDSvlrus Infactbn?

No.:::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navertteardoftas14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you had your blood tested for the AIDS WUS Infactlon?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcmlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navarhaardoflasf’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howmanytlm$shave youhadyourblood testadfortheAIDS

viruslnfactkm?

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twlca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HWnas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-12tlnWa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morathan 1211mes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naverhaefdofornevertooktast$. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How many thnas In the past 12 months have you had your

blind tasted for Ihe AIDS virus InfectIon?’

Nonelnthapast 12montha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethenonca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknfnv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevarheardofornevertooktasfs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Waathetesthvera anyofthatasts, including thosayouhad

baforethapast12 months–’”’

Partofablooddonatbn?n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfofabloodtrensfusbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntarffysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfo4eoma otheracfMtythat requlrasablood sample? . .

Dktyougettherasutts ofyourtasf/anyof yourtests?g

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doyouaxpecfto havaabloodtasl forthaAIDSvirus Infactfon

fn the naxf 12 months?

Yak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navarhaardoftaat’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wfllthetestbe-i’10

Parfofabboddonatlon? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vofuntarlfyaought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partoiaorna otheracftdtythatr equirss abloocfsample? . .

Dld you have a blood tranfuslon at any time between

1977 and 1965?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DO YOUthink the present supply of blood is safe for tranfusbns?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cstflar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Herearesomemefhods people useloprevent gstfingtheAIDS

vlruslhrougfs aaxual acflvlty. Howeffecttve k–

Using a diaphragm?

percent dtstrtbutbn’

o

76

0

24

0

76

0

24

21

68

2

22

5

2

2

0

0

12

80

2

5

2

:

73

1

15

16

54

45

1

8

64

5

24

44

51

20

5

e3

1

49

24

0

26

3

13

55

22

7

0

76

0

24

0

76

0

24

14

82

1

23

4

1

0

0

0

8

87

1

3

:

66

75

2

18

10

52

47

1

5

67

4

23

40

56

13

6

83

1

42

29

0

29

2

13

58

21

5

0

76

0

24

0

76

0

24

17

5s)

2

22

5

1

1

0

0

10

83

2

4

2

2

74

1

15

13

53

46

1

6

66

4

24

42

63

17

6

93

1

45

27

0

28

3

13

57

21

6

1

83

0

16

1

83

0

16

2s

59

2

15

7

2

1

0

0

13

76

3

6

2

13

76

72

1

16

16

55

44

1

11

67

6

16

39

80

15

3

ee

1

48

29

23

3

15

60

*7

6

1

u

o

15

1

84

0

15

21

64

1

14

6

1

1

1

0

11

80

2

5

2

11

60

74

2

16

12

53

46

1

7

73

5

15

46

48

17

5

e3

1

4a

27

0

25

2

11

66

17

5

0

82

:

0

62

0

38

7

54

2

38

2

0

0

0

0

5

e3

1

1

1

G

76

2

12

10

46

53

1

2

58

3

37

39

44

23

8

80

2

40

!25

35

3

14

44

30

9

0

58

0

43

0

78

0

24

1

se

o

13

0

56

0

43

0

76

0

24

1

88

0

13

6

48

2

42

16

61

1

22

23

83

2

12

35a.

3

1

0

0

0

4

92

4

1

1

0

0

9

65

6

2

2

0

0

13

77

35b.

36.

36.

41.

42

44a

44b.

45.

2

4

1

4

2

5

2

13

77

63

1

21

15

74

1:

13

75

1

15

13

65

34

2

49

50

1

53

47

0

4

46

4

43

:

4

23

7

75

4

13

28

63

19

41

54

17

46

46

16

7

82

1

6

93

1

5

83

1

33

31

36

44

26

0

27

53

24

0

24

45a.

Veryeflecttie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nofatalleffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowhoweftecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

11

39

33

13

3

13

66

22

6

2

13

87

15

3

SOOfcdrdssstend oflsble.
advanceckita 19

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of non-Hispanic adults 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and

attftudes from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, by ●ge, sex, and education: United States, May-October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the civillan noninsttiutbnallzed populafbn. The survey des!grr, general qualttbatbns, and Informatbn on the rallablltly of

the e3tlmates are given in technlcat notes]

m sex Eduatkm

78-29 3G49 lioymrs Lessthan

AIDS know%dgeor atlnude

More than

Total p ywvs arrdover &fafe Female 12 years 12 j’eals 12 years

45b.

45s.

45d.

45s.

46.

47.

49.

52.

53.

Using a oondom?

Veryeffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat effecttie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatatl effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow howeffeotlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using a spennkldat jelly, foem, or cream?

Veryaffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhet effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notafail effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow howeffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkncnv method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Having a vaseotomy?

Veryeffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omewhaieffectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatatl efbctMe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow hmveffeclMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twopeoplewhodo nothavettwAIDS vlrushavhgsexonly

WHheacholher?

Veryeffacttie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleffeotlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhoweffeotlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowmethcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whetarsywrchances ofhavingtheAIDS virus?

H~h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whatareyourchencas ofgetlingmeAIDS virus?

Huh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HlghdrancaofalreadyhavingAIDSvlrus. . . . . . . . . . . .

Doyousayyourchance ofgetflrrgAIDSls frlghormadium

because you–’ ‘

Havehadabloodlransfusbn?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have hadsexualcontect wkh someone who mlghl have

thevirus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sorneotherraason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever discussed AIDS wkh a friend or relatfve?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wherrwasthelast lkneyoud&cussad AIDSwtthafr&nd or

relat~e?

(&3dayaago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7dayeego . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15ill daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morelhan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tlmow. . .

Nwerdkqiz.::::::::::::::::::::::::::

54. Have you ever pmxm%iy known anyone with AIDS or the

AIDS VkUS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55. Howlonghaskbeen slncayousawthls person?

Wthlnpasf2weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2weeks-leselhan lmonth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lmonth+sethan3monlhs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3monlhs-lessthan6monttrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevarknewanyonewlfh,41DS’3... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

54

5

9

2

2

x

23

7

2

3

71

18

7

63

8

2

5

2

0

2

15

81

2

0

2:

74

3

0

8

17

65

66

34

0

8

11

8

15

19

5

35

10

66

2

:

1

1

7

0

90

36

54

4

5

1

2

18

56

18

4

2

4

71

18

5

63

10

3

3

1

0

2

:

2

1

4

65

3

0

5

22

66

72

26

0

9

10

8

17

24

4

28

11

66

2

1

1

1

1

7

0

90

33

56

5

5

1

2

15

61

17

5

1

2

81

12

5

87

;

3

1

1

2

17

78

2

0

2

24

70

2

1

9

16

63

74

25

0

9

13

6

17

22

2

z

2

1

:

1

9

0

87

23

51

5

16

4

1

13

42

33

10

1

4

25

10

n

8

2

9

3

0

1

8

68

3

0

1

12

83

4

0

14

5

66

51

48

1

6

8

6

11

13

6

49

7

91

2

0

0

1

1

5

0

93

33

53

4

8

2

2

16

51

24

7

2

3

71

18

7

64

7

2

5

1

1

2

17

78

2

0

2

24

70

3

1

7

;

82

36

0

8

10

7

14

18

5

36

10

66

2

1

0

1

1

6

0

90

26

54

6

10

2

1

15

5s

22

6

1

2

18

6

62

9

2

5

2

0

1

13

63

2

0

2

18

77

3

0

9

13

71

68

30

0

8

11

6

f6

20

5

31

11

87

2

:

1

;

o

89

23

u

2

5

2

10

40

35

13

:

52

30

74

70

10

4

12

4

0

1

2

5

0

1:

81

6

0

10

26

51

46

54

0

7

8

5

10

12

4

;

2

0

0

0

0

4

0

94

29

56

5

8

2

1

15

54

24

6

2

3

71

19

6

63

8

3

4

1

0

2

14

62

2

0

2

E

3

0

11

13

65

65

36

0

8

10

8

15

19

5

36

2

2

1

0

1

:

0

92

36

E6

3

4

1

2

G

17

4

1

2

62

11

3

69

7

1

2

1

:

19

77

1

0

2

27

66

2

0

5

;

z

o

10

12

9

18

23

5

23

15

83

2

1

1

1

1

10

0

65

SeOfcdnoresstend Ofrabk
20 adwmedata

Table 2. Provlslonal estimates of the percent of non-Hispanic ●dufta 18 years of ●ge ●nd over with aalected AIDS knowledge and

●ttltudes from the 1968 National Heafth Interview Survey, by ●ge, 88% ●nd education: United Statea, May-Ootobar 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of fhs clvllbn nonlnsfltutbnalized populatbn. The survey daaIgn, general quallficdbrts, and fnformatbn on the rallebllfty of

the estimates are ghfen in technical notes]

A@3 sax Educatlofi

16-W X&49 5oyears Less than More than

AIDS knoivkWge or afflluda ToLZyears yeersandomr Male Femaia 12ytMrs 12year3 lzyears

56.

57.

56,

39.

61.

62.

How well do you know this parson?

Vetywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fairly well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nolverywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’traafly knowpersonatly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllmow howwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never knawanyona wlfh AlDS13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Is any of these statements true for you?

& Youhave hemophilia andhave racahwdclottingf actor

corwantratas since 1977.

b. You era a naltve of Heft]or Central or East Afrka who has

entered the Unl+ed Stat= since 1977.

c. You are a man who has had sex wtlh another mm at some

time since 1977, even 1 tkne.

d. You have taken W?@ drugs by needle at any llma slnca

197.

a. Since 1977, you are or have bf30n the sax P8rtfler of any

person who would answer yes to any of the Items above

(57 a-d).

f. You have had sax for money or drugs at MY Ilme slnca

1977.

Yestoat laastlstatemenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noloall stalemerrts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The U.S. Publlc Health Sswlca has eald that AIDS !s ona of the

major health problems In the oountry but exactly how many

people It affects ts not known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be conducted md blood Sampl= be

taken to help find out hw wldaspread the problem !s. tf you

were saieofed In this national sample of people to have their

blood lasted wlfh assurances of prh’acy of test results, would

you have the test?

Yea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VvlIy wouldn’t you take PM in fha tast’?14

Don’twantlo knowlfl have AIDS.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlwanf anycounsellng aboul AIDS... . . . . . . . . . . .

Faarl’ll get AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tllke loglveblocd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllrust Government programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ittsawaste ofmonay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlbaliave AIDScan raatlyba curad anyway . . . . . . . .

Other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donllmow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When Federal public heatfh offlclsls give lnfOrm8tIOnabout

AIDS, do you believe what they say or are you doubtful about

the Infonnatbn they gtva?

Salleve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whenthey[publk haalfhoffklals] gtva advksabouthow to

helpkeapfromgeftlng AIDS,doyoubelleve thelradvkeorara

youdoubtfulabout whafthaysay?

Sallave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

<

1

2

4

2

1

w

2

97

0

0

71

22

2

5

5

1

6

13

7

;

53

13

64

29

7

78

16

5

2

2

4

2

1

90

d

;

76

19

:

8

1

6

16

7

2

2

15

71

24

5

62

74

4

2

3

5

2

1

67

3

97

0

0

74

18

2

6

6

1

6

14

9

3

d

12

66

29

5

al

15

4

1

1

3

1

1

93

0

99

0

0

64

27

3

6

2

1

6

10

5

4

2

12

56

32

10

73

19

6

1

2

4

1

1

m

3

97

0

0

72

21

:

5

1

6

12

9

4

2

11

64

30

6

79

16

5

1 1 1 2

2 1 2 3

4 2 3 6

2 1 1 2

1 0 1 2

69 94 92 85

2

0

0

70

22

2

6

5

1

7

14

5

3

A

14

65

28

7

76

16

6

96

0

0

65

26

2

6

4

1

8

11

3

4

d

15

55

31

13

2 3

86 97

0 0

0 0

72

20

2

5

5

1

7

15

6

4

$

12

63

30

6

78

17

5

73

20

2

5

5

1

5

12

9

2

d

11

70

26

4

64

13

3

lMURlpleMS~ f’iM)fSUMiOM21U t~lm.

Z-onmmm -d~~b~b 4@lchJd08y0stowesUon s).

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4Permmamwriw noordonlkmmto quaslion27.

S-o”mm armwwlngymto -i~=

%cbdesperacms -rlngpstoquestion Z6aardnoordon’t knowlocpstiom 27andSS.

7Ba9edonyesamw0rs toquaSlon33.3w fof3note6.

ePemn6 —ri~ncordonl kncwtoqumtiom 26a,27,md?3.

‘&sdonpmsom armwerl~~toquestlm ~excbdeapewma -dngyestoquestion Z3aandmordon”l know@quest!on27 orSS.

%sOd on pemcma —r@ yea to qudon 41.

llBa.s9d0npsona —ring Mgh or medum to qudion 40.

1%sed on pemom

1bed on penoim

armverlng m or don’1 krxw 10 questlm 52.

—mg m of donl krmv to @ion 54.

14- ~ _Wm ~ -dw YES to q~lon ~.
advanceciata 21

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quant”~ more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

● Figure does not meet standard of

reliabil”~ or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements
22 advancedata

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Interview Sumey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes was

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed interviews with 1,022 Hispanic and 19,963

non-Hispanic white individuals— about 89 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in tables 1 and 2 to

allow readers to derive provisional estimates of the number

of people in the United States with a given characteristic,

for example, the number of Hispanic men age 18-29 years

who have had their blood tested for the AIDS virus. The

population figures in table I are based on data from the

NHLS for the period May-October 1988; they are not

official population estimates. Tables H and III show approximate standard errors of the estimates presented in

tables 1 and 2. Both the estimates in tables 1 and 2 and the

standard errors in tables II and III are provisional. They

may differ slightly from estimates made using the final data

file because they were calculated using a simplified

weighting procedure that does not adjust for all the

factors used in weighting the final data file. A final data

file covering the entire data collection period for 1988 will

be available in 1989.

Table L Hispanic and non-Hispanic sample sizes for the “1988

National Health Interview Survey of Al DS Knowledge and

Attitudes and estimated Hispanic and non-Hispanic adult

populations 18 years of ●ge ●nd over, by selected

characteristics: United States, May-October 1988

Est)mated

population

Samp/a size /n thotfserrds

Non- NonChartrcteristk HlsparI!c Htspank Hispank Hispanic

Alladults . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102 19,963 10,594

Age

W+9yeets . . . . . . . . . . 369 4,544 3,706

30-49 years . . . . . . . . . . 601 7,575 4.718

50yearsand over . . . . . 232 7,644 2.170

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 8,411 5,017

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 11,552 5,577

Educalbn

Lasthan12yeam . . . . . 473 4,405 4,376

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 7,627 3,590

More than 12 years. . . . . 277 7,721 2,462

Hispenlc origin

Mexkan . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 NA 5,336

Other Hispanic. . . . . . . . 569 NA 5,073

—

164,571

42,123

63,836

56,612

77,975

66,595

33,433

65,672

63,826

NA

NA

Table H. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents for Hlspanlc ●dults from the 1988 National Health

Interview Survey of AIDS Knovvfadge ●nd Attftudes, by selected characteristics: United States, May-October 1968

Age sax Educaticm Hlspank origin

16-29 W-49 5oyears Lassthan Mom than

EsUrnatedpenwrl

Other

Total yaws yems and owr Mele —.

Female 12p!lr!s 12years 12J49am Mexban Htspank

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 2.0 1.7

1.2

2.5

1.2

1.6 1.5 1.6 2.1

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 24

2.3 1.7

3.0 2.1

1.6

1.8 21 2s

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 27 ::

2.6 2.0

3.4

1.9

24 2.0 2.4 26

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 29 2.5

3.1

3.7

2.2 2.2

26 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.3

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.1 2.6

2.4

3.9

2.3

2.7 23 2.7 3.2 3.5

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.6

1.8 3.2 2.7

2.5

4.0 2.9 2.4 2.8 3.4 3.7

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.7 2.6

1.9 3.3 2.8 4.1 2.9 25 2.9 3.4 3.8

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.3 2.9

2.7

4.2

2.6

3.0 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.6

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.3 2.9

2.8 27

4.2 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.9 2.8 2.7

Table Ill. Standard errors, expressed In percentage pdnts, of estimated percents for non-Hispanic ●dufts from the 1988 National Health

Interview Survey of AfDS Knowledge ●nd Attitudes, by selected charaeteristicx United States, May-October 1988

AW sex Education

l&29 3&49 50yws Less man

EsWrratsdpercent Toial

l&fO1’r3than

w Y== and owr Mate Femata 12years 12ysars 12years

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.6 0.4

0.3

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3

0.4

0.7

0.4

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.8

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

0,6

0.8 0.6

0.6

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.9

0.6 0.6

0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

0.7

0.9 0.7

0.7

0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4

0.7

0.9 0.7

0.7

0.7 0.7 0.6

450r55, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

0.9 0.7

0.9 0.7

0.7

0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

0.7

1.0 0.7

0.7

0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7
24 advancedata

Recent Issues of Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics

No. 165. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of Black AmeriCal’lS (kSUd March 30, 1989)

No. 162. Practice Patterns of the Office-Bas~

Ophthalmologist: NAMCS, 1985 (Issued January 31, 1989)

No. 164. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for September

1988 (Issued January 3, 1989)

No. 16L AIDS Knowlege and Attitudes for July 1988

(Issued October 11, 1988)

No. 163. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for August 1988

(Issued December 15, 1988)

Suggested citation

National Center for Heath Stati*”ca, D. A. Dawson

and A. M. Hardy. AIDS knowledge and attitudes off

Hispanic Americans Provisional data from the

National Health Interview Survey. Advance Date

From Vital and Health Statistics. No. 166.DHHS

Pub. No. (PHS) S9-1250. Public Heatth Sem’ce.

Hvattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 167 ● April 19, 1989

AIDS KnowledgeandAttitudesforOctober

and November1988

Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey

Ann M. Hardy, Dr.P.H. and Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has

incluclccl a special set of supplemental questions on the

adult population’s knowledge and attitudes about acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the National

Heahh Interview Sumey (NHIS). The first AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Survey was in the field from August

through December 19S7. Provisional results of that survey

were published on a monthly basis in Advance Data for Vital

and Health Statistics (Nos. 146, 148, 150, 151, and 153). A

public use data tape containing the information collected in

19S7 is currently available from NCHS. During the first 4

months of 1%38,the NHIS AIDS questionnaire was revised

to meet current program needs for information about

AIDS awareness. The revised AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Survey cntcrcd the field in hfay 1988. Provisional

findings for May and June, the first 2 months of data

collection with the new questionnaire, and for July, August,

and September were published in Adrancc Data for Wal

and Health Statistics, Nos. 160, 161, 163, and 164, respectively. This report presents provisional results for October

and November 19SS.

The Ad~’ante Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

data have been restricted to simple dcscrip[ive statistics to

facilitate their timely release. Thus, these reports do not

attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS lmowlecIge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes, and

perceived risk. The 19S7 and 1988 NHIS AIDS data bases

permit more complex analyses than those presented in this

series of-+ld)wnce Data reports, and such analyses are being

undertaken by various groups in the Public Health Service.

The AIDS questionnaires were designed to estimate

public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS transmission

and prevention of AIDS virus infection. The data were

needed as input for the planning and development of AIDS

educational campaigns and for monitoring major educational efforts, for example, the series of radio and television

public service announcements entitled “America Responds

to AIDS” and the brochure “Understanding AIDS,” both

developed by the Centers for Disease Control.

The 1987 and 1’388AIDS questionnaires were developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and

interagency working groups established by the Information,

Education and Risk Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the

Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The

working groups included representatives from the Centers

for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration;

and the Health Resources and Services Administration.

The current AIDS questionnaire includes items on

sources of AIDS information; self-assessed levels of AIDS

knowledge; basic facts about the AIDS virus and how it is

transmitted; bIood donation experience; awareness of and

experience with the blood test for the AIDS virus; perceived effectiveness of selected preventive measures selfassessed chances of getting the AIDS virus; personal

acquaintance with persons with AIDS or the AIDS virus;

and willingness to take part in a proposed national seroprewdcnce survey. A general risk behavior question, similar to

that asked by the Red Cross of potential blood donors, is

included in the 19S8 AIDS questionnaire.

This report presents provisional data for October and

November 19S8 for most items included in the AIDS

questionnaire. Tables 1 and 2, for October and November,

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Setvice ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

respectively, display percent distributions of persons 18

years of age and over by response categories according to

age, sex, race, and education. In most cases, the actual

questions asked of the respondents are reproduced verbatim in tables 1 and 2, along with the coded response

categories. In a few cases, questions or response categories

have been rephrased or combined for clearer or more

concise presentation of results. Refusals and other nonresponse categories are excluded from the denominator in

the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know”

are included.

Selected findings

The following highlights describe various aspects of

AIDS knowledge and attitudes as observed in the October

and November 1988 data from the NHIS AIDS survey. For

a given response, when the estimated proportion from the

October data differed from that obtained in November,

both proportions are listed with the one from October

always listed first. When a single percentage is presented, it

applies to both October and November. Based on the

measures included in this survey, AIDS knowledge in

October and November was maintained at about the same

level as in the previous month. Any differences cited in the

text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level (see table H

for approximate standard errors of estimates).

Sources of AIDS information

In the month preceding interview, 84 and 83 percent of

adults in October and November, respectively, reported

having seen AIDS public service announcements on television; 44 and 43 pcrccnt reported hearing announcements

on the radio. For both television and radio, the proportion

of adults who had seen or heard announcements was higher

for those with 12 or more years of school than for those

with less than 12 years; this difference was larger for radio

than for television. Black adults were more likely than white

adults and men were more likely than women to have heard

announcements on the radio. One-fifth of those who saw or

heard announcements recalled that they were part of the

“America Responds to AIDS” campaign; about half could

not remember if the announcements were part of this

series.

About one-third of adults (31 and 30 percent) had read

brochures or pamphlets about AIDS in the month before

interview; two-thirds (67 percent) reported ever having

read these. For both time periods, the proportion having

read brochures or pamphlets incrcascd with educa[ion.

Self-assc.md knowledge

In Oclobcr and November 1988, 22 and 23 percent of

adults reported that they knew a lot about AIDS, 44 and 43

percent reported some knowledge, 26 and 25 percent

claimed to know a little, and 9 percent stated that they knew

not hing.

General knowledge

Most adults thought it definitely false that teenagers

cannot get AIDS (93 and 92 percent) and thought it

definitely true that AIDS leads to death (85 and 86 percent), that there is presently no cure for AIDS (86 and 85

percent), that an HIV-infected person can pass the virus

during sexual intercourse (83 and 82 percent), and that a

pregnant woman with the AIDS virus can pass it to her

baby (78 and 79 percent). The two statements that hlad the

lowest proportions giving the correct definitive response

were those that dealt with the pathophysiology of AI:DS: 15

and 17 percent definitely knew that AIDS does not lead to

heart disease, and 26 and 25 percent definitely knew that

the AIDS virus can damage the brain.

For most of the questions on general AIDS knowledge,

the proportion responding correctly increased with education. The proportion correct also varied by age ancl race,

with those 30-49 years of age responding more accurately

than younger or older individuals and with white adults

answering a-rectly more often than black adults.

Transnzission of the AIDS virus

In general, there was no change from September 1988

in the proportion responding correctly to questions about

possible ways in which AIDS and HIV can be transmitted.

Ninety-four percent of adults thought it very likel,y that

AIDS could be transmitted by sharing needles for intravenous drug use. More lhan two-thirds responded that it was

very unlikely or definitely not possible to acquire AIDS by

living near a hospital for AIDS patients; by working with

someone with AIDS; by attending school with a child with

AIDS; or by shaking hands, touching, or kissing an AIDS

patient on the cheek. More than one-fifth of adults ~!3 and

22 percent) responded “don’t know” to the question about

possible transmission by mosquitoes or other insects, at

least 9 percentage points higher than the proportion responding “don’t know” to any other transmission question.

For all questions about transmission, the proportion responding correctly increased with education.

Blood donation and testing

Forty percent of adults stated that they had ever donated blood, 13 percent had dormtcd since March 1985

when routine screening of donated blood for antibodies to

HIV began, and 7 and 6 percent had donated in the year

preceding interview. For all time periods, the percent donating increased with education; men were more likely to

have donated than women.

Approximately three-quarters of all aclults had heard of

the AIDS blood test. Slightly fewer (67 and 65 percent)

knew that blood donations are now routinely screened for
achfancedata 3

AIDS virus infection, and less than half (48 and 47 percent)

thought that the present blood supply was safe for

transfusion.

Four and 3 percent of adults reported receiving counseling about the AIDS blood test. A larger proportion of

those 18-29years received counseling than of those over 30

years (7 versus 2 percent).

Seventeen percent of adults have had their blood tested

for antibodies to the AIDS virus. This proportion decreased

with age and increased with education. Of those tested,

most (69 and 71 percent) had their testing done as part of a

blood donation, 18 and 19 percent were tested voluntarily,

and 16 percent took the test as part of another activity

requiring routine testing (such as a physical examination

for military induction). Six percent of adults reported plans

to be tested in the 12 months following the NHIS interview;

about half of these plan to be tested voluntarily.

Preventive measures

Eighty-four percent of adults stated that condoms were

very or somewhat effective in preventing transmission of

the AIDS virus. The proportion who believed condoms

were at least somewhat effective increased with education.

Overall, 83 and 84 percent of adults thought that having a

monogamous relationship with an individual who is not

infected with the AIDS virus is a very effective way to

prevent getting the virus. This proportion also increased

with education and was higher for whites than for blacks.

Two-thirds of adults stated that they believe the information on AIDS provided by Federal public health officials, and 80 and 79 percent believe the advice provided on

how to keep from getting AIDS. The proportion trusting

the information and advice was higher in those younger

than 50 years and increased by education.

Risk of getting the AIDS virus

Less than 1 percent of adults felt that they had a high

chance of having or getting the AIDS virus; 2 and 1 percent

felt that their chance of getting the AIDS virus was medium, 19 and 20 percent felt that they had a low chance, 75

percent felt that they had no chance of getting AIDS, and 3

percent could not assess their chances of getting AIDS.

Adults 50 years and older were more likely to perceive

themselves at no risk of getting AIDS, and women felt their

chances were lower than men. Two percent of all adults

stated that they belonged to one or more of the groups with

behaviors associated with increased risk for squiring AIDS

(such as intravenous drug users and homosexually active

men).
4 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes trom the

1988National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988

[Data are based on household interviews of the civhan noninstiluttonallzed population, The survey design, general CfUalifbSliOnS, and informationon the reliility of

the estimates are gwen m technical notes]

Age sex Race Educaficrl

18-23 30+9 50 years

AIDS Imowledge or attiiucfe

Less than &fore than

Total years years and over Male Female Whtte Black 12 ye% 12 years 12 years

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1oo

1.

la,

lb

2.

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21,

22.

In the past monlh, have you–

Seen any pubic Serwce announc=3ments about AIDS on

telewslon?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know.,.....::::::::: :::::::::::::::

Heard any public servtce announcements about AIDS on

lhe racto?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Were any of those publtc Servke announcements called

“America Rasponds to AIDS’?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neilher heard norsawany public servtca announcements. .

In lhe past month, have you read any brochures or pamphlets

about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphlets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where did you get the pamphlets or brochures?l’2

Chmc,otherthanw orkchntc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sofflce (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drugstore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pubkehealthd epaflment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recekdin mailwtthoufaskhg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RedCross/i3edCrossblooddonelbn . , . . . . . . . . . .

Otherblooddonahon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8ant/phonedfor/requeatadrt... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Federal/Sta!e/localgovemmenf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, olherthan clmicornursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, nureeorcllnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have youev rcNscussedA IDSwlha nyofyourchildren

aged 10-17? $

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have anyor all of y~urcfliictren agect lC-17had instructlonat

schoolaboulAIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How much would you say you know about AIDS?

A lit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aliltle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tolhe best of your knowledge, Iethere achfferencebetween

having the AIDS virus and having the dtseaaa AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23a. AIDS can feduce the body’s natural protection against disease.

Defmrtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmrtelyfatse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84

14

2

44

52

4

22

13

51

13

31

66

1

67

32

1

2

12

2

2

37

2

1

8

0

28

13

3

13

2

62

38

0

56

13

31

22

44

26

9

0

64

17

0

19

75

12

2

2

9

10U

83

15

2

51

45

4

30

15

41

14

34

66

1

70

30

0

4

14

3

3

29

2

1

17

0

m

11

3

14

1

::

36

12

51

22

50

25

4

63

25

12

79

13

2

2

4

100

64

14

2

47

46

4

23

12

52

13

35

84

1

73

26

1

2

13

1

3

36

3

1

8

1

30

18

5

14

i

62

36

0

56

13

29

28

47

21

4

70

18

0

12

81

11

2

2

5

100

64

13

3

34

61

5

15

12

58

14

25

73

1

57

42

2

1

9

2

1

47

2

1

1

0

35

6

2

10

3

62

36

47

15

38

15

36

31

18

0

57

11

0

31

65

13

2

4

17

Percent d!strlbutloni

.-,. --- . .. ---

85

13

2

49

47

4

22

14

52

12

2e

70

1

64

35

1

2

8

2

2

36

2

1

9

0

2e

16

1;

2

43

57

49

12

39

z

42

27

9

64

18

0

16

77

12

2

2

7

82

14

3

39

56

5

22

13

m

15

33

66

1

69

30

1

2

15

2

2

37

2

1

6

1

2s7

10

4

12

2

78

21

0

62

15

23

22

46

24

9

0

64

17

0

19

73

12

2

2

11

83

14

2

43

53

5

xl

13

53

14

29

70

1

66

32

1

2

12

;

38

3

1

6

0

30

12

3

12

2

61

39

0

55

14

31

22

45

25

8

0

66

16

0

18

77

11

2

2

-8

86

12

2

50

47

3

30

14

44

12

39

60

1

69

31

1

4

14

5

3

36

0

1

8

1

19

15

4

12

1

71

29

53

13

34

20

38

29

13

53

23

24

62

16

3

5

14

lm

79

18

3

36

59

5

21

14

46

79

22

77’

1

47

52

1

2

12

3

4

42

2

0

4

0

26

5

1

74

3

47

63

46

13

41

11

31

34

24

0

39

19

0

41

52

16

3

4

24

100

66

12

2

44

53

4

24

13

52

11

33

66

1

70

28

1

2

13

2

1

36

2

0

6

0

28

11

3

14

1

64

36

0

55

14

31

19

47

26

6

0

63

20

0

16

77

12

2

3

7

100

85

13

2

49

46

5

21

12

54

13

35

64

1

74

25

1

2

10

1

3

35

3

1

13

0

30

17

4

11

2

67

33

61

13

26

31

48

16

2

0

79

13

8

86

10

1

1

2

See footnotes al end of table.
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988—Con.

[Data are based on household intervkws of the clvllien noninsfiiutionalizad P-3puletbn. The survey design, general quahficafiins, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are given In technical notes]

Age sex Race Education

18-2.9 30-49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowfedge or attfiude Total years years and over Male Female WWe Black 12 yesrs 12 years 12 years

23b. AIDS is especially common In ofder people.

Definitely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely faise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23c. AIDS can damage the brain.

Deflntiely lrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfal.se. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23d. AIDS usually leads to heart d!semsa.

Deflnflelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfelyfalae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23e. AIDSfsanlnfectkXrs diseasecausedbv avirus.

23f.

Defintielytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflmtelyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Teenaaefs cannot cfel AIDS.

D~flntfeIytrue ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23g. AIDS leads to deafh.

Deflnrfelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabiyfaisa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defintlelyfels e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23h.Aoemoncan belnfecklwtfhthe AIDSvinssandnot havelhe

23i.

23j.

231(.

dtiease AIDS.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow. ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Looking at a parson is enough to tell if he or she has the

AIDS virus.

Defimfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmtetyfalse.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Any person with the AIDS virus can pass if on 10 sommne else

during sexual intercourse.

Definltelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definrfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A person who has the AIDS virus can look and feel heallhy

and well.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oefimfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231. Apregnantwoman whoha.s theAIDSvirus canghfelheAIDS

virus to her baby.

Defmrfelvtrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabl~true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablvfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l)efimte~false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1

E

7

26

32

10

7

25

8

23

18

15

36

63

19

3

3

12

1

0

3

93

3

65

11

0

1

2

56

21

3

5

15

2

4

16

67

10

63

12

1

1

4

47

30

6

5

13

78

15

0

0

6

1

2

20

70

6

20

35

12

2:

6

25

17

18

34

66

19

4

3

9

0

0

3

96

1

65

12

1

2

1

55

20

5

6

12

1

6

16

72

5

63

12

1

1

3

50

32

:

9

78

16

1

1

4

1

1

17

76

4

27

30

11

8

24

7

22

22

18

31

69

18

2

4

8

1

2

96

1

67

10

0

1

2

62

19

3

5

11

2

4

14

75

6

85

11

1

1

2

55

27

6

4

8

82

13

0

0

4

1

1

17

70

11

28

33

6

2:

10

22

14

10

44

55

19

3

3

19

1

1

4

66

6

64

10

0

1

4

49

24

2

3

22

2

4

19

56

19

m

13

1

0

6

35

31

7

6

21

74

17

0

0

9

1

2

16

73

6

29

31

9

2:

8

22

20

18

32

67

16

3

3

10

1

0

3

94

2

85

11

1

1

2

57

2U

3

5

14

2

5

15

66

10

82

13

1

1

3

49

2S

5

5

12

77

17

1

0

5

0

1

18

72

a

24

33

10

6

27

8

23

16

13

40

60

2a

2

3

14

1

0

3

92

3

66

10

0

1

3

54

22

3

5

16

2

4

17

67

11

83

11

1

1

4

45

30

7

4

13

79

14

0

1

6

0

1

18

73

7

25

32

10

7

26

7

21

19

15

36

63

19

3

3

12

1

0

3

94

2

85

12

0

1

2

57

21

3

4

14

2

4

16

5a

10

82

12

1

1

4

48

30

6

3

13

78

15

0

0

6

1

4

15

72

9

31

34

6

;

14

29

12

12

23

63

19

2

4

13

1

:

91

4

91

4

0

1

3

46

20

4

9

20

3

7

18

62

10

85

10

1

4

40

31

8

8

14

79

13

1

1

6

1

3

16

62

15

27

32

5

5

31

12

2a

11

9

48

50

19

3

4

23

1

1

6

84

8

87

7

0

0

5

39

21

3

5

32

4

7

18

49

23

79

12

1

0

8

31

26

9

7

27

74

15

0

1

10

0

1

19

74

6

26

31

10

7

26

6

22

19

14

37

63

19

3

4

10

1

0

3

95

2

87

10

0

1

1

55

22

4

6

13

1

5

17

69

8

05

11

1

1

3

47

31

7

5

11

79

15

1

0

5

1

1

17

77

4

25

34

12

8

21

6

24

22

2a

29

71

18

2

2

7

0

0

2

36

1

82

14

1

1

2

66

19

3

4

7

2

3

14

76

5

82

13

1

1

3

56

30

5

3

7

79

16

0

0

4

See fcdnolesat end of table.
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age ●nd over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Intervkmvsof the cMhan nonlnsttfuhonaked Populatbn. The survey design, general qualifications, and Informalbn on Iha reliability of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sex Race Educetkm

10-29 M9 50 years Leas than More than

AIDS knowtedge or atttlude Total years years and owr Male Female WvYe Black 72years 12years 12years

23m.There Lsa vaccine available to the public that protects a person

from getting the AIDS virus.

Deflnilely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmilelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23n. There Is no cure for AIDS at present.

Defmitelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DefmiIelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Howlikely doyoulhink iltsthal aparaon wlllget AlDSorlhe

AIDS virus infection from24a. Living near a hospital or home for AIDS patients?

Very llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunfikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defimtelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24b, Worlong near somaona wtih the AIDS virus?

Ve~likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlikely.......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmfielynot possible, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24c. Eatlngin arestauranI where thacook hesthe AIDS virus?

Veryhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitalynolposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24d. Kissing-wlfh exchange of aalwa-a parson who has the

AIN+ wrus?

Verylikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhathkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlil(el y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmiielynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24e, Shaking hands, touching, or ktssing on the cheek someone

WIO hasthe AIDS virus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlikely . . ...’..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmfelynotp oss!ble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l Know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24f, Snarmgplates, forks, orglasses wthsomeone whohaslhe

AIDS wrus?

Veryhkely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmflelynol possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24g Usmgpubhctollets?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlikely,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmflelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

2

10

74

13

86

6

1

2

5

1

3

8

39

41

7

2

10

14

39

27

7

7

19

16

28

17

13

26

29

12

14

7

12

2

6

15

38

33

7

6

22

13

28

17

11

5

12

14

33

24

12

1

2

12

74

11

67

6

1

2

4

1

4

10

39

40

6

1

10

17

38

28

6

6

21

18

30

17

9

22

26

15

17

9

8

1

4

16

40

36

4

5

22

15

30

21

7

4

11

16

35

24

10

1

1

8

81

9

66

6

1

2

4

2

3

7

41

43

5

2

10

14

41

28

4

6

19

17

30

18

10

25

29

13

16

7

10

1

7

15

36

37

5

9

21

14

26

19

9

4

10

14

35

29

8

1

3

10

66

19

85

6

1

2

7

2

4

7

36

Xl

11

2

10

13

37

26

12

6

16

14

25

:

29

29

9

9

6

17

3

5

15

37

26

13

9

22

11

27

13

17

6

15

13

29

19

18

1

2

11

75

11

66

6

1

2

5

2

3

9

40

40

6

2

10

16

40

26

7

7

20

16

2a

17

13

26

2a

14

14

7

10

2

6

17

38

30

7

7

23

15

26

17

9

4

13

14

33

26

11

Percent dstribufioni

1

2

9

73

14

66

6

1

2

5

1

3

7

39

42

8

2

10

13

36

2a

8

7

18

16

29

16

13

25

29

11

14

7

14

2

5

14

37

35

8

8

21

12

26

18

13

6

11

14

32

23

13

1

2

10

76

11

87

6

1

2

4

1

3

7

40

43

7

2

9

14

40

28

7

7

18

16

30

17

13

25

29

12

74

7

12

1

5

z

34

7

7

21

14

29

17

11

4

11

14

34

25

12

2

3

11

65

19

63

7

1

1

7

3

6

11

40

28

12

2

13

16

36

21

10

2

16

23

12.

16

26

31

11

13

4

16

3

8

15

40

24

9

9

24

12

26

14

15

8

17

14

31

15

15

2

4

11

59

24

81

6

1

2

10

3

5

8

34

32

18

4

12

12

33

22

18

11

19

11

23

12

23

29

25

7

9

2

5

6

12

34

26

18

11

22

10

22

14

21

9

17

12

23

18

21

1

2

11

75

12

66

7

1

2

4

1

4

9

40

41

5

2

11

16

3S

28

5

2

16

27

17

12

26

28

14

15

6

11

1

6

18

37

33

5

8

22

14

29

16

10

5

13

15

32

24

12

1

2

9

82

7

91

5

0

2

3

1

2

6

41

46

3

1

8

14

44

29

4

4

16

19

33

18

8

23

32

14

17

8

7

0

5

15

41

36

4

6

21

15

32

19

7

3

6

15

40

26

7

See Iocrnoles at end of table.
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of ●ge and over with selected AIDS knowledge and anitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview SuNey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988-Con.

[Data are bssad on household Interviews of the civilian nonlnsttfutbnallzed population. The survey design, general quallfkalbns, and Inforrnatiin on the reliabMy of

the estimates are gtven in technkal notes]

Age sex Race Educ#wr

16-29 30-49 50 years Less ft?an hfOl13 then

AIDS krrowfedge or atftiude Total years years and over Maie Female WTrife Black 12 yews 12 years 12 years

24h. Sharing needles for drug use with Someone who has the

AIDS VirUS?

24(.

24j.

24k

25.

26a

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Samewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhet unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Dafmtelynol ~sslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

!3efng coughed or sneezed on by someone who has the

AIDS virus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

.%mewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Somewhefunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Deflnltelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Attending school with achlldwhohaethe AOSvlrus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Definlelynotpasslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Mosquttces or other insects?

Ve~llkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Sometvhetlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Somewhatunlikefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Definltelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Have you ever donated blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have vou donated blood since March 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

26b. Have you donated blood in the psst 12 months?

27.

28.

29a.

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever heard of a blood test Ihat can deteof the AIDS

vkuslnfectlon?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Don71mow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

To the best of your knowledge, are blood donatbns routinely

testednowfa+the AIDSvirushfectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Neverheardoftest4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Have You ever received counsailna or had a laik with a health

professionalalmut taklnglheAID~vlrus test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

29b.Wasthediscusston-l”s

Wifhapnvatedodor?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Alafamtfy-plannlngclinic?..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

OnanAIDShotllne? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Ataprenatalcllnlo? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Atari STDorsexuallytransmtfed dfseesa cllnk? . . . . . . . 5

Aten AIDS/HIV counseling andtestlngsfte? . . . . . . . . . . 10

WHhsome otherhealth profassbnal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Wtfhsomeothercounselofl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

30. During that d&ussbn, dHyoureoeive inform tbnabouthow

g

to avoid gettingor passingon the AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S

Don’tknaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

95

3

0

1

1

4

18

21

32

15

9

0

5

13

42

36

4

9

22

10

22

17

20

34

68

0

20

60

0

2

0

63

15

2

74

3

5

17

7

75

0

17

39

10

2

15

5

8

36

10

73

25

2

96

:

0

0

2

6

19

m

30

16

10

1

6

14

40

34

5

7

18

10

23

22

x)

43

57

0

16

63

1

9;

1

63

14

3

76

3

4

17

4

79

17

51

1

3

6

17

42

9

54

46

92

3

0

0

0

4

8

24

15

24

10

19

2

7

9

38

28

16

7

15

9

23

17

29

41

56

0

6

e4

o

2

97

1

61

31

8

53

3

6

39

1

60

0

39

43

10

5

57

30

70

e4

3

0

0

0

2

5

21

20

29

14

11

1

7

11

41

32

7

9

20

9

22

19

21

52

48

0

17

63

1

9

91

1

76

20

4

66

3

4

24

4

71

0

24

43

7

1

10

5

7

36

11

61

37

2

Percentdistnbutbnl

95

2

0

0

3

7

20

78

27

13

14

1

6

12

39

32

10

6

16

10

23

20

25

29

71

0

10

89

0

5

94

0

75

m

5

86

3

5

25

3

71

0

25

47

4

3

7

5

14

49

7

61

39

e’1

3

0

0

0

2

6

19

:

13

13

1

5

11

41

33

8

7

17

10

23

21

23

40

59

0

14

86

0

7

92

1

77

18

4

69

3

5

23

4

73

2:

43

4

2

8

4

10

41

10

57

41

1

94

2

;

o

3

7

24

18

25

11

15

2

11

15

35

26

11

11

20

9

22

13

24

35

65

0

6

e4

o

5

95

0

63

30

7

54

2

7

37

4

59

37

63

18

5

16

14

11

44

87

13

W

4

0

0

1

6

9

21

:

11

24

3

8

11

33

26

19

12

19

8

16

13

32

32

67

0

5

94

0

3

97

0

55

39

6

47

2

7

45

3

52

45

45

25

6

8

2

5

42

22

62

3s

36

2

0

0

0

1

6

20

19

29

14

12

1

7

13

3s

33

7

8

19

9

22

20

22

34

65

0

13

66

0

7

93

0

76

19

5

67

3

5

24

3

73

0

24

47

4

10

4

14

30

5

64

33

3

96

2

0

0

1

4

20

21

32

15

7

0

4

11

45

35

4

4

16

11

27

23

19

51

49

0

18

81

1

9

w

1

87

10

3

w

4

4

13

5

62

13

43

1

2

8

6

10

49

8

w

40

Seefcarmtesat endoftable.
8 advancedata

Table 1, Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

19S8 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household mterwews of the Chdlien noninstifutonattzed pOpUIMOn, The survey des~n, general qualifiihons, and information on the reliability of

lhe estimates are given m technical notes]

Age sex Race Educeimn

I&w 30-49 .50 years Less man

AIDS knowledge or aifflude

More than

ToW years years and over Male Female White Black 12 yews 12 years 12 years

31. Have you ever been adwsed by a health professorial not to

have the blood test for the AIDS virus infsdon?

Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard obtest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32, Have you ever been advised by Fiends or relalrves not to have

the blsod test for lhe AIDS virus infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of lest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33. Have you had your blood lestedfor the AIDS virus infection?

YesE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftesl’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35a. How many I!mes have you had your blood tested for the AIDS

wrus mfecticm?’

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-5times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-12times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 12ilmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheard ofornevertooktesle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35b, How many times in the past 12 months have you had your

blood lested for the AIDS vtrus Infection?’

None inthepast 12months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Once. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheard oforneverto@testE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36. WaStheteStAvereanyOftheteStS, lnciudtngthos@you had

before the past 12months–1

Parlofablood donation?6”7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part ofabloodtran fusm?g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

Voluntarllysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part ofsomeotheractrvrtythat requires abloodsample?e. .

38. Dldyouget theresults ofyourtest/any ofyourtests?g

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41. Doyouexpect tohavea bloudtesl forthe AIDSvlrus infection

in the nexf12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42. WNthetestbe-l”10

Partofablooddonation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntarllysought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parfofsome otheractw~ythat requires abloodsample? .

44a. Dld you have sblcedtranfuslon atanytlmebatween

1977 and 1985?

Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44b. Do you lhink the present supply of blood IS safe for tranfuwons?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45 Hare aresome methods people usatoprevent gethngthe AlDS

wrus through sexual actwty, How effechve ts—

45a. Using a diaphragm?

Veryeffecilve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal effectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nolatall effectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknowhoweffective ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0

75

0

25

0

75

0

25

17

57

2

24

5

2

1

0

0

9

63

2

5

2

9

63

69

1

18

16

56

44

0

6

65

4

25

44

53

19

6

93

1

48

26

0

26

2

13

56

22

6

i

62

0

17

1

81

0

17

26

56

2

16

8

4

2

0

11

74

4

7

3

11

74

66

1

22

22

55

45

12

66

4

17

48

56

15

3

96

1

48

29

23

1

15

59

18

6

0

82

17

0

82

17

21

61

2

16

7

2

1

1

11

79

2

7

2

10

79

71

1

17

14

6(I

40

0

7

70

5

17

43

46

21

6

93

1

52

25

0

23

2

11

65

17

5

0

61

39

0

61

3e

7

54

1

36

2

0

0

0

0

5

93

1

2

1

4

93

71

3

12

7

43

57

2

57

2

39

32

55

35

9

69

2

44

25

32

4

13

45

30

6

0

75

24

1

75

24

22

54

2

23

6

3

1

0

0

11

78

3

6

3

10

78

6a

2

17

16

56

44

8

63

4

24

46

51

22

6

93

1

53

22

25

3

13

54

23

7

ParCent distribulioni

o

74

0

25

0

74

0

25

14

60

1

25

5

1

1

0

7

66

1

4

:

66

70

0

m

12

55

45

0

5

66

4

25

39

55

15

6

93

1

44

29

0

27

2

13

59

21

6

0

77

0

23

0

77

0

23

16

59

2

22

5

2

1

0

0

9

62

2

5

2

9

82

72

1

16

16

53

47

6

66

3

23

46

49

20

6

92

1

50

25

0

25

2

12

59

22

5

63

37

0

63

37

11

51

2

35

5

1

0

5

89

0

5

:

89

52

32

18

72

27

1

8

49

6

37

29

62

16

7

92

1

31

34

35

5

10

48

23

13

0

54

45

0

55

45

8

46

2

45

3

1

1

0

4

92

1

2

1

4

92

60

2

23

21

59

41

4

45

5

45

19

69

21

6

92

1

33

31

35

3

10

41

34

12

0 1

76 86

0

24 13

1 1

75 66

0

24 13

17 24

59 63

2 2

23 12

5 7

2 3

1 1

0 0

0

9 12

83 76

2 3

5 7

2 2

8 12

63 76

74 67

1 1

18 18

11 19

50 59

50 41

0

7 7

65 76

4 3

24 13

56 41

50 50

12 25

7 5

92 93

1 1

47 56

27 21

0

26 21-

3 1

14 14

56 66

21 15

6 3

See foo:notes al end of table.
advanceckfta 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interwews of the crvilian nomnstfiubonallzed population. The survey desgn, general qualIfIcahons, and mformafiin on the rel!abMy of

the eslimales are given in tecfmcal notes]

Age sex Race Educatton

W-29 W-f9 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or attflude Total years yea= and over Male Female Wlnie Black 12 y@rs 12 years 12 years

45b. Using a condom?

Very effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Somewhat etfect~e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Notat all effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow howeffecllve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Donlk nowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

45c. Using a spermlcicfal jelly, foam, or cream?

Very effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhat effectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Notatall etfeclive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Don’tknow howeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

45d. Having a vasectomy?

Veryeffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

SomewhateffecWe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Don’tknowhoweffecfiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’tknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

45e. Two DeoDle who do not have the AIDS virus having sex oniv

46.

47.

49.

52.

53.

54.

55.

wih each othefl

Ve~effectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

SomewhatefftWNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Notalall effectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’tknowhoweffadve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’lknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What are your chances of having the AIDS virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

What are your chances of geffng the AIDS virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Hlghchanceofalready having AIDS virus. . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Doyoussyyourchance ofgetfhgAIDSis highormedium

because you—’ 1

Have hadabloodtransfusion?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Have had sexual contact with someone who might have

/nthevlrus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Someotherreason? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Have you ever discussed AIDS wlh a friend or relalive?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

When was the lest time you diecussed AIDS with a friend or

relative?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Morethan31 daysago ..,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Neverdiscussedlz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Have you ever personally known anyone wth AIDS or the

AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

How Ions has it been since vou saw lh~ oerson?

Wth~npast2weeks. ..’...... . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2week3-lessthan l month.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

lmonth-lessthen3monlhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3month?-lessthan6months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6manthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . .

NeverknewanyonewilhAl&<3:: :::::::::::::::: $

40

48

4

6

1

2

15

5a

21

4

3

3

69

20

5

65

9

2

3

1

0

2

21

75

2

0

3

28

66

2

0

8

12

36

72

26

0

7

9

6

17

29

4

28

11

87

2

1

0

1

1

8

8:

35

55

5

4

1

2

14

62

17

6

2

2

79

13

5

87

8

1

2

2

0

2

16

79

2

;

21

73

3

0

3

13

64

70

29

0

8

10

7

15

27

4

30

13

85

2

1

0

1

1

9

0

87

23

52

s

17

4

1

13

40

37

9

:

62

26

a

78

9

2

9

2

0

1

6

eo

3

1

E

3

0

11

11

66

48

52

0

5

6

6

11

15

5:

6

93

1

:

0

0

4

0

94

36

51

4

8

2

2

15

49

27

7

2

2

70

20

6

66

7

2

4

1

0

2

16

79

3

0

2

22

72

3

0

6

13

43

60

40

0

6

7

7

13

22

5

40

10

89

2

1

1

1

7

0

90

2e

53

5

10

2

1

13

57

23

6

2

2

71

19

6

81

10

2

6

2

0

1

13

84

2

0

1

17

79

3

0

6

12

72

86

34

0

7

9

7

15

24

4

34

11

Ba

1

1

0

1

1

7

0

89

32

53

4

9

2

1

14

54

24

6

2

2

73

19

4

65

8

1

5

1

0

1

14

82

2

0

2

19

76

2

0

5

12

54

64

36

0

7

8

6

15

23

$

9

89

2

1

0

1

1

7

0

91

31

45

8

12

3

2

8

52

29

9

2

4

59

22

13

73

14

3

7

2

1

3

11

81

3

1

2

16

76

3

1

8

15

63

60

40

8

11

7

10

20

4

40

15

63

2

!

1

1

1

11

85

23

43

8

20

6

1

9

40

38

11

2

3

51

32

11

70

11

3

12

4

0

1

a

85

6

1

1

11

61

6

0

13

50

45

55

0

6

5

4

9

17

4

55

4

95

1

1

0

0

3

96

31

56

5

7

1

1

14

55

24

6

2

3

69

19

6

85

8

2

4

1

0

2

13

82

2

0

2

47

78

2

0

5

12

52

64

35

0

8

8

7

14

24

4

36

10

ea

2

0

0

1

1

7

0

w

39

54

2

4

1

1

17

59

19

4

2

1

63

12

3

89

7

0

2

1

0

2

18

79

1

0

2

26

69

2

0

9

13

61

72

28

0

8

11

7

16

25

5

28

14

64

2

1

0

1

1

10

0

86

See foctmtes at end of table.
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with ueiected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by seiected characteristics: United States, October 1988-COn.

[Data are based on household interviews of ifle clvlllan nonlnstlfufionallzed populatkfn. The survey design, general qualtfiia!bns, and Information on the rellablltty of

the estimates are gfven In techmcal notes]

Age sax Race Education

16-29 30-49 50 yeafs Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or afilude Totaf years years and over Male Female Wlrtte Black 12 yam 12 years 72 ymrs

56.

57.

58.

59.

61.

62.

How well do you l(nOW ttm person?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Falrlywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notve~well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’treally knowpersonally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknowhowwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Neverlmewanyonewlfh AIDS1s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Is any Of Ihese StataM@ntS WUe fOr YOU?

a Youhave hemophilia andhave recetved cloftmgfacfor

concentrates slnca 1977.

b. You are a native of Haill or Central or East Africa who has

entered the Unlfed Slates since 1977.

c. Youarea manwloo hashadsex wilhanother man at some

time since 1977, even 1 time.

d. You have taken Illegal drugs by needle at any time shce

1977.

e. Since 1977, youareor have been thasexpaftner of any

person who would answer yes to any of me Items abOW

(57 a-d).

f. Youhave hadsexfor money ordrugs s.t anytime since

1977.

Yestoat laastl statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notoall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The U.S. Publfc Health Servkefmss akflhatA IDSisoneofthe

major healtn problems in the country but exactly how many

people it affects Is not known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be conducted and blc@d samples be

taken tohelpflnd outhowwmespreadt heproblamls. tfyou

wereselectedin thtsnatbnafaample ofpeopletohave their

blood tested with assurances of privacy of tes! results, would

you have the test?

Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Why wouldnl you take pert in the les11’14

Don’twantloknowlfl haveAfDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Donlwant anycounselmg abouIAIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Fearl’llgetAIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tliketogive blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’ltrust Govemmentprogr6ms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

ffk.awasleofmoney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tbelleveAIDScan reallybecured anyway . . . . . . . . 2

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

WhenFederalpublk heallhoffioi.slsglve informatkmabouf

AIDS, do you believe what fhey say or are you doubtful about

thelnformahonthey give?

Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Doubtful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

When thev IDublic flealthofficIals] otveadwcea boulhowto . .,

help Keep from getting AIDS, do y& believe their actvlce or are

you doubtful about what they say?

Believe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2

2

4

2

2

89

3

97

0

76

18

1

6

10

i

4

25

5

2

2

37

8

70

24

6

84

13

3

1

2

6

3

1

87

2

96

78

16

1

6

5

1

6

15

9

4

2

49

5

69

28

4

83

14

3

1

1

2

1

0

94

0

100

0

%’

:

4

1

6

13

5

6

!J

4

61

30

9

73

19

8

1

2

3

2

2

W

2

98

75

19

;

7

2

6

15

6

6

3

46

4

66

27

7

80

15

5

PercentdLstribuflon 1

2

2

5

2

1

89

2

98

0

71

21

;

5

0

5

17

5

3

1

52

6

66

28

6

79

17

4

:

4

2

1

91

2

es

o

73

20

;

5

1

1:

6

5

1

51

5

67

27

6

80

16

5

3

3

7

1

1

85

3

97

74

19

0

7

12

1

2;

:

3

39

4

Oa

25

7

81

15

4

1 1 2

1 1 3

1 4 5

1 1 3

0 1 1

96 90 86

2

96

0

5

2

7

13

3

6

2

51

5

5$

29

13

2 2

98 98

0

5

1

;

5

5

2

42

5

74

19

1

6

7

1

4

13

9

3

1

54

5

65 73

30 24

6 3

70 79 86

19 17 12

11 4 2

lMult!ple responses rnayeumfomorelhsn 100.

2-on ~wm ~M~W ~ 10 questim 4 (includes yes to questh 3).

3Based on persons snswenng yes 10 questcm 11, ‘“Lla ycu hmm any chldren aged 10 lhrcugh 17?” CWest!on 12 was “HW many do ym have’?’

4Persans answering no or don? knew to queetion 27.

‘Bssedonpersom answermgyesto questCm29a.

‘Includes persons answenng yes to quest,on 26a and no or don’t krow’ to questtons 27 and 3S.

7Basedonyesamwers loquest,on33. 3eefcotmte6.

Spewm ~Wwerlw ~ O, don’i know !0 W6St10M 26%27, am 33.

‘Based on persora snswering yes to questm 33; excludes persons snswerl~ yes to question 2@a.

10-d o“ ~~mawen~ wtoquestlOn 41.

lI%SedonPmom ~m~fl~htghor rmximtoquedlOn 46.

I Zm$ed ~“ ~Mm ~mr,W ~ or don’1 kmw to cwestlOn 5z.

13&eden Pwmamwer,~mordonY know t0que5tlon 64.

14wSed o“pmommt~~n~~toquestlonm
advancedata 11

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristic United States, November 1988

[Data are based on household interviews of the clvIlien noninstitutbnaitzad populatbn. The survey design, generaJ qualifications, and information on the relisbiltIy of

the estimates are gtven In technical notes]

Age sax Race Educetbn

15’-29 30+9 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or attitude Total pars years and over Male Female W7rKe Bfack 12pm 12 years 12 years

Percent dstnbutbnl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...100

1.

la

1b.

2.

3.

4.

5.

15.

16.

21.

22

23a.

In the past month, have youSeen any public service announcements about AIDS on

televisbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’timow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Heard any publio service announcements about AIDS on

the rsdb?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donltmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Were any of those publlc service announcements called

“AmerisaResponds to AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nalther heard nor saw any publlc service announcements. .

in the past month, have you read any brmhures or pamphlets

about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever read any brochures or pamphIets about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where dld you get the pamphlets or brochures?12

Clinic.otherthanworkclln~.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dmtor’soffice (HMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drug store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publicheallhdepartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ReceWxllnm aiIwilhoutaskhg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RedCrosa/RedCrossblmddonattcm . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherblooddonatiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sent/phonedfor/raquestadlt... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Federal/Slate/localgovemmerrt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work,otherthancllnkornursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Work, nurseorclink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know...........,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you w r discussed AIDS With any of your children

agad 10-17? 8

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have any or all of y~ur chlldran aged 10-17 had instructbn at

achoolalxmtAIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howmuchwould yousayyoulmow aboutAIOS?

Alit, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alittle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’...

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To Ihe beat of your knowledge, Lsthere a diierence between

having the AIDS virus and having the d!sease AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can reduce the body’s natural protedbn against disease.

Definitely!rue . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63

15

2

43

52

5

22

13

51

14

30

69

1

67

32

1

3

13

1

2

39

3

0

10

0

22

13

5

14

3

62

3a

o

5a

13

31

23

43

25

9

0

64

15

2:

75

12

1

2

10

100

64

15

1

53

43

4

2a

16

46

11

33

88

1

71

2a

1

5

16

2

2

32

2

17

0

16

10

5

17

3

45

55

40

21

39

22

52

23

3

65

21

14

79

14

1

3

4

100

85

14

1

47

4a

5

23

1?

52

13

34

66

1

73

25

1

2

12

1

2

36

3

1

9

0

25

17

7

13

2

64

3a

o

57

13

34)

29

47

m

4

0

73

15

0

12

82

9

1

2

6

100

80

la

3

32

64

5

16

13

54

17

23

76

1

56

42

2

2

9

0

1

49

2

3

1

2s

9

2

11

4

59

41

59

13

28

$

33

la

o

53

12

0

35

64

14

1

2

16

--- --- 100 100

83

15

2

49

47

4

21

15

51

13

29

70

1

63

35

2

2

11

1

1

36

4

0

8

0

23

14

3

16

3

49

51

55

15

31

22

44

25

8

0

65

15

0

20

76

12

1

1

10

Iw

63

15

2

36

57

5

22

12

51

14

31

6a

1

70

29

1

4

14

1

2

2

0

11

0

22

12

6

12

2

73

27

0

57

12

31

23

43

25

9

0

&3

16

0

22

74

12

1

3

9

63

15

2

42

53

5

20

14

53

14

29

70

1

67

32

1

2

13

1

2

39

3

0

9

0

24

13

5

13

3

63

37

0

54

;

23

44

25

8

0

66

15

0

19

77

12

1

2

8

al

15

4

50

46

4

32

11

43

13

34

85

0

63

34

2

7

13

1

6

35

2

0

10

1

14

13

4

20

4

5a

42

6a

E

20

35

28

17

54

19

0

27

m

12

3

6

19

79

19

2

36

59

5

2?

13

49

16

21

78

1

4a

52

1

3

12

1

2

43

1

7

m

7

3

15

3

49

51

55

10

3s

9

30

37

24

41

14

0

45

52

18

2

3

24

100

63

15

2

41

55

4

21

13

52

14

2a

71

1

66

31

1

3

13

1

2

41

3

0

9

1

19

12

3

13

4

59

41

0

57

11

32

18

47

28

7

0

62

19

0

18

76

12

1

3

8

65

13

2

50

45

5

22

14

52

12

37

63

1

77

22

1

3

12

1

2

35

3

0

11

0

26

15

7

14

2

70

30

56

17

27

34

47

17

2

0

78

12

0

10

6a

a

1

1

4

Seefodnotesaterd oflable.
12 advancaiata

Table 2, Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household interwews of the cwiltan noninstttutionalcmd population. The survey dewgn, general quaffiiafkms, and inforrrmtiin on the reliabili of

the estimates are grven in techrwai notes]

Age sex Race Education

18-29 3Ckf9 50 years Less than Miwe than

AIDS knowladae or atfrtude Total wars years and over Male Female White Black 12 yam 12 wars 1,2Years

23b. AIDS is espectilly common in older people.

Definitely true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Probably true. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probably false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Defmtely false . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

23c. AIDS can damage the brain.

Defmitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Probablytrue, .,.....,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Defmrlelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

23d, AIDS usually leads 10 IIearf d!sease.

Defmtelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Defmifelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

23e. AIDSisaninfectsNs dtsease-usedby avirus.

Defmlfelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Definrtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

23f, Teenagers cannot get AIDS.

Defmilelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probablytslsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Defuwtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

23g. AIDS leads to death.

Definitelytm e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Defmtelyfalsa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

23h. A person can be infected wth the AIDS virus and nof have the

disease AIDS.

Defmdelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Definrlelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

23i. Looking ataperson rsenough totellif heorshehesfhe

AIDS wrus.

Definfielytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Definrtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

23j. Anyperson wIfhthe AIDSvuuscan pessifon tosomeoneelse

during sexual intercourse.

Defuufelylru e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

ProbalXyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Defmltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

23k. A person who has fhe AIDS virus can look and feel healthy

and well.

Defmfetytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Defmltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

23L Apregnant woman whoheslhe AIDSvtrus cangIvelhe AIDS

virus to her baby.

Defmtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Defmlelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

0

2

18

75

5

Ie

35

13

10

24

6

21

22

21

31

89

20

2

3

6

0

0

2

86

1

63

13

1

2

1

57

24

5

4

11

2

6

14

72

6

64

13

1

1

1

50

29

7

5

9

81

15

0

1

3

0

1

15

79

4

27

30

10

11

22

7

22

20

21

30

69

17

2

5

8

1

0

2

96

1

87

11

0

1

1

61

21

2

4

11

2

3

12

77

6

64

12

1

1

2

53

27

7

4

9

63

13

0

1

3

0

2

17

69

12

28

32

7

4

28

8

24

14

10

44

50

19

3

5

22

2

1

5

66

6

66

9

0

1

4

46

22

3

4

25

2

4

17

58

18

60

12

1

1

7

36

28

9

7

20

74

17

0

1

9

1

2

16

74

8

25

32

10

9

23

7

22

19

le

33

64

20

2

3

11

1

1

3

92

3

64

12

1

1

2

55

22

3

4

15

2

4

13

71

10

80

15

1

2

3

47

28

8

5

12

77

16

1

1

6

Percent distrlbufionl

o

1

f7

75

7

25

31

10

7

26

7

23

17

16

37

62

17

3

6

13

1

0

2

93

3

87

10

1

1

2

54

22

3

4

17

2

4

15

67

10

85

10

1

1

4

46

28

7

5

13

61

14

0

1

4

0

1

17

75

6

25

32

10

8

24

2:

19

18

35

63

19

2

4

12

1

0

3

93

3

86

11

1

1

2

66

23

3

3

14

2

4

14

71

10

62

12

1

1

3

48

28

8

4

12

79

15

0

1

5

2

2

~5

66

13

30

30

8

8

27

14

25

13

13

35

59

17

4

6

14

1

1

4

90

4

66

7

0

2

3

43

21

7

6

24

6

6

16

58

15

83

11

1

0

5

37

29

8

10

16

61

13

1

1

5

1

2

15

63

19

20

36

7

5

33

7’

25

11

10

47

46

20

4

4

25

1

2

5

63

e

63

10

0

1

6

37

21

4

4

34

3

6

14

51

26

79

11

1

1

9

28

27

11

10

24

71

18

0

0

10

0

2

16

76

4

26

31

11

9

23

9

23

18

15

35

z

2

5

11

1

0

3

94

2

89

9

0

1

1

53

25

4

4

13

2

5

16

70

6

84

12

1

1

2

46

30

8

5

12

80

15

0

1

4

0

1

16

79

3

28

31

11

9

21

6

21

22

22

28

71

17

2

4

6

0

0

2

86

1

64

13

1

1

0

:

3

3

8

2

3

13

78

5

83

13

1

1

2

57

27

6

3

7

63

14

0

0

3

SeefoMotesaterd ofiable.
advancedata 13

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household lnteIViaWS of the CMILM noninslftuticnalized population. The survey deSlgn, general qualifications, and Information on the reliabtlRy of

the estimates are gtven In technbal notes]

Age sex Race Education

18-29 30-49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or attiiude Total years years and over Male Female White Black 12 ymra 12 years 12 years

23m.There is a vaccine available to the pubiii that protects a parson

from gethng the AIDS virus.

Definitely tre e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Probably true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Probably falee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Defmiely falaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

23n. There is no cure for AIDS at present.

Defimtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Definttelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

24. Howllkely doyouthink ftlamat apemonwill get AIDSorthe

AIDSviruslnfactlon from—

24a. Lfvlng near a hospital or home for AIDS patients?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

.%mewhattikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Veryunlifrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Deflmtelynolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

24b. Working near someone with the AIDS virus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

somawhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Somewhatunlifrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunfikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Definttelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

24c. Eatlnglna restaurant wherethacook hastheAIDSvirus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

.%mewhallikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Somewhalunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Deflrrlfelynolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

24d. Kissing-with exchange of eeilva-a person who has the

AIDS VkUS?

Veryhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

.%mewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Defmrtelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24e. Shaking hands, touching, or k=ing on the cheek someone

who has the AIDS v!rus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Vetyunhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3T

Definitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

24f. Sharmgplates, forks, orglassas with someone who has the

AIDS virus?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

SomewhaI unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Veryunhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Defmtelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

24g. Using public toilets?

Veryhkely,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

somewhathkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunhkely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Defmttelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2

4

10

76

7

85

7

2

3

2

2

4

8

36

45

5

3

10

12

36

34

5

7

19

15

27

22

10

21

28

15

16

10

9

1

6

15

35

38

5

8

21

13

26

23

9

5

11

14

30

30

10

1

;

83

7

W

6

;

2

1

3

6

36

51

4

2

8

12

40

33

5

5

18

16

33

20

8

23

2e

13

17

10

8

1

5

14

39

37

3

7

20

16

30

20

7

5

9

12

37

31

7

1

3

12

65

2U

80

8

1

3

8

2

3

7

35

39

13

3

11

12

36

25

14

8

16

15

23

16

20

29

29

9

13

3

17

2

8

14

37

26

13

11

22

11

26

13

18

7

15

11

31

17

18

1

3

10

76

10

85

7

1

3

4

2

4

7

37

43

7

3

10

13

37

29

8

6

18

15

28

19

12

24

27

14

17

8

10

2

6

16

36

32

7

10

21

14

29

17

10

6

11

13

33

27

10

Percent dstdbutionf

1

2

10

75

12

86

6

1

3

4

2

3

6

34

47

8

2

9

11

38

32

8

6

18

15

28

20

14

25

30

11

15

8

12

1

6

13

37

35

7

8

21

13

27

19

13

5

13

11

33

25

12

1

2

10

?7

11

88

6

1

2

4

1

3

6

36

47

6

2

9

12

39

31

7

6

18

16

2e

20

12

24

29

13

16

8

11

1

6

14

38

34

6

8

21

14

26

19

11

5

11

13

34

27

11

3

4

G

18

78

9

:

7

4

5

9

36

31

16

4

10

13

34

24

15

11

18

13

25

15

18

27

29

8

13

6

17

3

9

14

34

26

14

13

23

10

24

15

15

8

17

11

31

17

16

2 1

4 3

13 11

55 75

26 10

77 84

6 8

1 2

4 3

11 3

3

5

7

33

34

19

3

13

12

31

23

19

8

20

13

21

14

24

29

26

8

11

5

21

3

7

15

36

22

17

12

22

9

22

12

23

9

17

11

27

14

22

1

1

6

86

5

91

6

1

1

2

2 1

3 2

8 5

37 38

44 53

6 3

3 2

10 7

13 10

38 41

29 36

7 3

6 4

20 15

16 16

26 34

18 23

12 7

27 20

29 2e

11 16

15 19

8 9

10 8

1 1

8 4

15 13

35 40

35 39

6 3

11 5

22 78

13 16

26 32

18 22

10 7

7 2

13 8

13 12

33 37

24 34

11 6

Seefodmtesat endoftable.
14 advancedata

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988-Con.

[Data are basacf on household Interviews of the civillan nontnstitut!onallzed population. The survey design, general qualiflcatlcms, and Information on the reliebiltty of

the estimates are given In technical notes]

Age sex Race Educatbn

1S-29 30-49 50 yeas Less than

AIDS knowfedge or ettlfude

More than

ToM years years and over Male Female White Black 12 yswrs 12 yars 72 years

24h. Sharing needles for drug usa wilh someone who has the

AIDS WUS?

Very likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

.%mewhat unltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Very unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Definitely notposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

241. Being coughed orsnaezed on bysomeonewhohaslhe

AIDS wrus?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Veryunllkely. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmffelynol possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24j. Atfendlng school wifhachlld wmohasthe AIDS vlms?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 27

. . . . . . 16

. . . . . . 12

. . . . . 1

. . . . . . 6

. . . . . 10

. . . . . . 39

. . . . . . 35

. . . . . . 9

24k, Mosquitoes orother insects?

Veryhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Deflnitelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

25. Have youever donated blood?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

26a. Have you donated blood since March 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

26b, Have you donated blood In the past 12 months?

27.

28.

29a

29b

30,

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Have you ever heard of a blood test that can detect the AIDS

virus infection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

To the best of your knowledge, are blood donations routinely

tested now for the AIDS virus hfection?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Neverheard obtest’....,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Have you ever received counseling or had a talk wth a health

professional about taking the AIDS wrus test?

Yes, .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Neverheard oflest’ .,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Was the dwcussm-l+s

Wflhapnvatedoctor?, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Atafamlly-plannlngcllnic?.... . . . . . . . . . . . 6

OnanAIDShollme? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Ataprenatalchmc?, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Atari STDorsexually transmitted dtseasecllnic’) 3

Alan AIDS/HIV counseling andtestmgsfie? . 5

Wrth some other health profssstonal?, 39

WIthsome othercounselof?, , . ...:’:::::”::::: 9

During that Cflscusston, dlcl you receive Information about how

toavotclgetl!ng orpass!ng onthe AlDSv!rus~5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

No . . . . . . . . 36

Don’t know,,,,:’:::::.: :..:::::’..,:.:::: -

96

2

0

0

0

1

7

17

19

29

18

10

1

6

12

37

40

6

6

18

11

23

21

19

33

66

0

19

80

1

8

91

?

80

18

2

71

5

5

20

7

73

0

20

48

5

5

6

4

39

11

65

35

e6

2

0

0

1

1

6

19

18

30

20

8

1

5

9

42

36

5

9

15

9

25

22

19

45

55

0

17

83

1

8

91

1

62

15

3

75

3

4

16

3

79

0

18

52

9

4

2

8

41

7

65

35

91

3

0

0

0

6

10

22

16

22

9

20

2

7

10

37

27

15

8

14

8

23

17

29

40

80

0

5

95

0

3

97

0

60

31

8

51

3

7

40

1

60

40

74

5

30

51

49

93

3

0

0

0

3

8

18

18

29

16

11

1

7

11

40

33

8

10

16

10

24

20

20

52

46

0

16

63

1

8

91

1

76

20

4

67

4

6

24

4

72

24

49

5

1

6

6

43

9

69

31

Percent dtstrlbutionl

95

1

0

0

0

2

7

21

16

26

16

13

1

6

9

36

36

9

8

15

9

23

20

25

30

70

0

10

69

0

4

95

0

72

22

5

64

3

5

28

3

69

0

28

55

7

4

6

5

35

9

56

42

95

2

0

0

0

2

7

19

18

28

16

12

1

6

10

40

35

8

8

15

9

24

21

22

42

56

0

14

86

0

7

93

0

76

19

5

67

3

5

24

3

72

24

53

5

2

3

3

4

39

9

63

37

e2

2

0

0

1

5

10

22

13

23

13

16

4

9

11

37

26

14

13

17

9

23

12

26

30

70

0

9

90

0

4

96

0

65

31

5

53

4

6

35

2

62

0

35

60

13

9

9

8

40

9

56

42

69

2

0

0

0

8

13

19

16

20

9

23

3

9

10

34

24

20

13

19

6

17

12

31

29

70

0

4

e6

o

2

96

0

57

35

8

47

3

8

43

2

55

0

43

76

21

16

7

2

10

7

52

48

66

1

0

0

0

2

8

22

17

26

16

12

1

8

11

36

35

7

9

17

9

24

20

21

35

64

0

12

66

1

5

94

1

73

22

5

63

4

5

27

3

70

0

27

44

1

6

3

6

42

14

67

33

e6

3

0

0

1

0

4

18

19

33

19

7

1

:

42

40

4

6

13

10

27

25

19

50

49

0

19

87

0

9:

0

64

13

3

78

3

4

16

4

60

16

52

8

3

2

5

43

6

64

36

See foctnoles al end of table
advancedata 15

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 Nationai Heaith Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988-Con.

[Data era based on household interviews of the civlllarr nonlnstttutinallzad population. The survey design, general qualtfiiatlcms, and information on the reliabMly of

the estimates are given m techmoal noles]

Age sex Race Education

I&z’ 3&49 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or atfiiude ToW years years and over Male Female WWfe BIack 12 YEWS 12 years 12 years

31. Have you ever been advtsed by a heatth professbnal not to

have the blood test for the AIDS virus tnfectbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard oftast’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32. Haveyou ever bean advised by frk3nds orrelattves notto have

the blood lest for the AIDS virus Infectkm?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Domtknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33. Haveyou hadyourbloodtestedfor lheAIDSvifus infeotbn?

YesE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dort’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35a. How many times have you had your blood tested for the AIDS

vkusinfeclbn?’

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Twice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-5tlmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-12tlmae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Moretharr g2times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fkncxv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardofornevertooktests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35b. How many times In Ihe past 12 months have you had your

blood tested for the AtDS virus infectbn?’

None lnthepast 12monlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan$jnce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheard ofornevertooktesta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36. WasthetestWere anyoflhe lests, including those you had

beforethepast12 monlhs-i”

Partofablooddonatbn?e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Paftofabloodtransfusbn? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Voluntarllyeought? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partofsome otheractivitythat requires ablmtsample? . .

36. Dldyouget lheresults ofyourtesffany ofyourtests?e

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41. DoyouexpecttohaveabloodtestfortheAIDSvkuslnfectbn

in the next 12 months?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheafdofles14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42. Wlllthhte:ta~:--:onatbnV

Voluntarllysought? . . . . . . . . . . ::::::::::::::::

Parfofsome otheractlvitythat requires abloodsample? . .

44a. Didyou have abloodtranfusbn atanyllmebefween

1977 and T985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44b. Do you think the present supply of blood Is safe for tranfusbns?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45. Hereare some methodspaople usa toprevent getfkrgtheAIDS

Wusthroughsexual activRy. HoweffactNe ts—

45a. Uslngadiaphragm?

Veryeffecthe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mawhatetfactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowtsoweffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

73

0

26

0

74

0

26

17

57

2

25

5

1

1

0

0

9

63

2

4

2

9

63

71

3

19

16

54

45

1

6

64

2

44

51

17

5

94

1

47

27

0

26

2

12

59

20

7

1

79

20

1

79

20

26

54

1

19

9

3

2

0

0

E

3

8

3

12

74

65

3

21

23

62

37

1

2

2

39

55

20

$

0

49

31

0

20

3

14

62

14

7

1

81

0

16

0

81

0

16

21

61

2

16

5

2

1

1

0

E

2

5

3

12

79

76

2

17

12

5J3

46

1

7;

5

18

48

46

16

d

1

52

25

0

23

1

10

66

16

4

0

60

40

64)

40

6

63

2

39

12

0

0

0

0

2

1

1

1

4

94

72

7

19

9

41

56

3

4

3

40

46

643

11

2

1

40

27

0

34

2

11

45

30

11

0

75

0

24

0

76

24

21

55

2

22

5

2

2

1

0

11

79

2

5

3

11

79

72

3

16

16

51

47

2

7

64

5

24

45

47

16

6

94

1

52

23

0

25

2

12

59

19

6

1

71

0

28

0

72

0

28

G

1

27

5

:

0

0

7

66

2

4

1

7

66

70

3

Z?

13

57

42

1

;

3

28

43

56

18

5

93

1

43

31

0

26

2

12

59

21

7

1

75

0

24

0

75

0

24

18

56

1

23

5

1

1

0

0

10

62

2

4

2

10

62

72

3

18

15

54

45

2

5

67

3

24

50

48

16

5

93

1

49

26

0

25

2

11

62

20

6

65

35

1

64

35

15

48

4

33

5

2

0

0

7

e5

1

5

2

6

85

62

2

16

50

50

1

12

45

:

26

64

21

6

94

1

35

37

28

4

13

42

27

13

0

57

43

57

0

43

6

!50

1

42

2

1

0

3

e4

1

2

1

3

94

57

7

36

19

61

39

3

50

4

43

44

65

19

9:

1

31

34

0

35

2

10

42

29

17

0

72

27

0

72

27

16

56

1

25

5

1

1

0

0

8

84

2

5

1

8

64

69

3

19

18

56

43

1

6

62

5

27

36

61

18

5

95

1

47

29

24

2

12

59

21

6

1

63

0

16

0

64

0

16

24

60

2

14

6

2

1

1

0

14

76

3

5

3

13

76

74

2

17

14

50

46

2

7:

3

16

50

39

15

5

94

1

55

22

;

2

12

66

15

4

Seefodmtesatend oflable.
16 advancedata

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988–Con.

[Data are based on household mterwews of the civilian nonmsttiut!onakzed population. The survey cfesgn, general qualtiicatione, and information on the rehablliiy of

the esiima!es are gwen in tecfmxxt notes]

Age Sex Race Educatton

I*29 30-49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or attiiude

Less ttran More than

Total yearn years and over Male Female Whfte Black 12 yam’s’ 12 years 12 years

45b. Using a condom?

Veryeffeclwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Somewhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Nolatall effecmve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’lknow howeffecme.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

45c. Usmgaspermck3al jelly, foem,orcream?

Veryeffectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Notatall effectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Don’lknowhowaffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

45d, Having a vaeectom~

Veryefiectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhaleffectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Nolatalleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Don’tknowhoweffectr#e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Don’tknowmelhod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

45e. Two people who do not have the AIDS wrus having sex onlv

46.

47.

49.

52,

53.

54.

55.

wfttleach other?

VetyeffeClt#e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

SomewhateffectMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Notalalleffedkre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Donlknowhoweffecfwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

What are your chances of havtng the AIDS virus?

High, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Low, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What are your chances of getting the AIDS virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Don’f know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Htghchance ofalreadyhavlngAIDSvlrus. . . . . . . . . 0

Do you say your chance of getttng AIDS ts high or medtum

because you –11

Havehadabloodtrensfusion?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Have had sexual contact with someone who might have

thewrus?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Someo!herreeson? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Have you ever discussed AIDS w~h a friind or relative?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

When was the 1ss1time you dfscussed AIDS with a friend or

relatn.fe?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

l&31 ctaysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Morelhan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

~:r:&&jif”””””” ”””” “’”””””””’”””””” z;

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever personally known anyone wnh AIDS or the

AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

How long has It been since you saw ths person?

Wthtnpast2weeks, ...,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2weeks-lesslhan l month.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

lmonth-lesslhan 3monttw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3months-lessthan 6montfw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

6monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

NeverknewanyonewN!AlDS13., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

37

52

5

5

1

2

15

62

16

5

2

3

72

16

6

85

9

3

2

1

1

3

22

73

2

1

1

27

88

2

1

3

19

61

88

33

0

6

9

7

15

25

4

34

12

86

2

1

1

1

1

7

0

88

32

57

4

6

1

1

17

61

17

4

2

1

80

13

4

88

7

2

3

0

0

2

17

79

1

0

2

24

72

1

0

2

17

65

74

26

0

8

9

7

15

26

6

26

15

83

2

1

1

1

1

10

0

85

21

53

6

15

5

1

13

43

32

11

1

3

80

27

9

80

6

2

10

2

0

0

8

ea

3

0

0

10

64

5

0

9

87

;

1

7

6

5

9

16

5

53

6

90

2

0

0

:

7

0

92

33

55

4

7

2

1

15

58

21

7

2

3

73

18

5

85

7

2

5

1

1

2

16

79

2

0

1

22

72

3

1

24

63

80

40

0

6

8

6

12

22

6

40

11

87

2

1

0

1

0

6

1

69

Percent dlstrlbutmnl

27

54

6

10

2

1

15

55

22

6

2

2

69

20

6

&-t

8

2

5

1

0

1

15

82

2

0

1

18

76

2

0

4

11

69

65

34

1

8

9

7

14

24

4

35

12

86

2

1

1

1

1

8

0

88

29

58

5

8

2

1

15

57

21

6

2

2

74

18

5

86

7

2

5

1

0

2

15

81

2

0

1

20

76

2

0

3

13

67

63

36

0

7

8

6

13

24

5

37

12

86

2

1

1

1

1

8

0

88

34

42

8

*4

2

5

13

45

26

11

3

3

55

25

13

71

13

5

6

3

1

2

18

75

4

1

3

20

70

5

1

26

83

59

4*

o

8

7

6

12

21

4

41

12

85

2

1

1

1

1

8

1

88

20

48

8

18

7

2

10

41

33

14

1

4

50

30

15

74

7

3

13

4

1

2

11

81

5

1

1

13

76

6

1

25

59

43

56

1

6

6

5

7

15

5

57

6

92

2

0

1

:

4

0

94

28

59

6

7

1

2

15

57

21

6

2

2

73

18

5

84

9

2

4

1

0

2

13

84

1

0

1

17

79

2

0

5

12

74

63

37

0

7

7

6

13

25

5

37

9

89

2

0

1

0

1

7

0

91

37

54

3

5

1

1

17

61

17

4

1

2

81

13

4

W

6

1

2

0

0

2

20

77

1

0

2

27

70

2

0

18

62

74

26

0

8

10

8

16

26

5

26

17

80

2

2

1

2

1

11

0

83

See fmtnoles at end of table.
advancedata 17

Table 2. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1988 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the clvllian noninstrIulkmaIlzad populafiin. The survey design, general qualifkatiorrs, and Information on the rellabiirfy of

the estimates are given In technical notes]

Age sex Race Educatnm

16-29 30--49 50 years Lass than More lhan

AIDS knowkwfge or affi?ude Total Years years and ober Male Female W?We Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

56.

57.

56.

59.

61.

62.

How well do you know ths parscm?

Verywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Falrlywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notveryweli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’treally know personally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow howwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Never knewanyone with AIDSfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Is any of these statements true for you?

s. You have hemophMa and have received cloIting factor

concentrates since 1977.

b. You are a native of Haiil or Cantrai or East Afrtca who has

entered the Untied States since 1977.

c. You are a man who has had sex with another man at come

time since 19770 even 1 lime.

d. You have Iaken illegal drugs by needle at any time shca

1977.

e. Since 1977, you are or have been the sax partner of any

person who would answeryestoany of the hems above

(57 a-d).

f. You have had sex for money or drugs at any time since

1977.

Yestoat least l statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Notoall statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

The U.S. Public Health service has said that AIDS Lsone of the

maJor healttr probiems intheccunhy bu! exactly how many

people il affects is not known. The Surgeon Generai has

proposed that a study be conducted and blood samples be

taken to help find out how wdaspread the problem is. If you

were seiected m this nationai sampie of people to have their

blood lesled wrth assurances of prwacy of lest results, would

you have the Iesl?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7;

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Why wouldn’t you take part in the lesI?14

Don’twanttoknowtii haveAfDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’twantanycounsellng about AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Feari’llgetAIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Don’lliketogiveblood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’ttrusI Govemmentprogrsms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Itisawesleofmoney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;

Don’tbaleve AiDScanreallyba cured anyway . . . . . . . . 2

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Dort’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

When Federal pubhc health offlclals g!ve informatkm about

AIDS, do you behave what they say or are you doubtful about

lhelnformatlonlhay give?

Believe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

When they [pubhc heallh officials] g~e advice about how to

help keep from ge!tlng AIDS, do you belteve their advtce or are

you doubtful about what they say?

Behave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1

3

5

2

1

68

3

97

0

1

76

16

1

5

9

2

8

23

6

;

44

1

76

21

2

67

12

2

2

3

7

2

1

65

2

97

0

0

74

19

1

7

5

1

5

13

8

3

1

49

0

65

30

5

60

16

4

1

2

3

2

1

82

1

99

0

62

29

2

7

3

1

5

15

6

4

1

53

1

57

30

13

72

18

10

;

5

2

1

89

2

97

0

1

72

20

1

7

3

1

5

12

;

1

49

1

67

27

6

80

15

4

Parcentdslributbn’

1

3

5

2

1

86

2

0

0

69

23

1

7

6

1

6

19

:

2

50

1

64

28

6

77

16

6

1

2

5

2

1

66

2

96

0

0

72

21

1

6

4

1

5

16

7

3

2

52

1

65

28

7

79

16

5

2

4

4

1

1

66

3

97

0

67

22

1

11

10

0

7

18

7

0

1

32

0

64

26

10

77

14

10

1

1

2

2

0

94

2

96

0

0

62

27

2

8

3

0

5

18

6

3

1

46

54

31

14

67

20

13

1

2

4

2

1

91

2

0

71

21

1

7

7

2

6

15

7

3

1

50

1

64

29

7

76

17

5

2

5

8

2

1

83

2

98

0

0

75

18

1

5

5

1

7

16

8

2

3

53

1

73

24

3

66

12

2

‘Munplerespw nasysumtommt~loo.

‘Based on rxxwam answenrg yes to quss!lm 4 (includes yes to question 3).

3Ba~ on ~mm amweri~ yes 10questiIM1I, ,oDOycu have any duldrenaged 10 thrcugh17?” Cuestron 12 wss ‘WU.V many do Y~ ~w?”

4Persom .srmvemg no or dorit krmw to quest!on 27.

5BaA on ~Mm answering yes to qu=tim ‘a.

‘Inckx!espsons smsweringpeto question28aand mordon’tkm toques!iom27 and33.

?Wonyesamwem toqu*i0n33.%e fcotnctem

‘Persom mswerirg no or don’t know to questions 28s, 27, and 33.

BE- on ~Mm ~w=riW ~= tO questim q CMUa pemm answering yes to question 26a and no or don’t k-v to que~tlOn 27 or ~.

Io=+onpmw answeri~yHtO question41.

llMon__mafiwer!~ high ortiium!0que~i0n4&

12- on ~mm -WrI~ nO or don? know to qu=tiOn 52.

13w@ on ~Mm ~nSWfl ~ M or dent km.v to qu-~On ~.

14=4 on ~mm ~t a~wrirg yes 10 quesiion 5s.
18 advanwdata

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than
advancechta 19

Technical Notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview sumey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The 1988 National Health

Intexview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes w’as

asked of a single randomly chosen adult 18 years of age or

over in each family. The estimates in this report are based

on completed interviews with 6,760 persons, or about 89

percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in tables 1 and 2 to

allow readers to derive provisional estimates of the number

of people in the United States with a given characteristic,

for example, the number of men who have had their blood

tested for the AIDS virus. The population figures in table I

are based on 1987 data from the NHIS; they are not official

population estimates. Tables 11 and HI show approximate

standard errors of estimates presented in tables I and 2.

Both the estimates in tables 1 and 2 and the standard errors

in tables II and 111are provisionaL They may differ slightly

from estimates made using the final data file because they

were calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that

does not adjust for all the factors used in weighting the final

data file. A final data file covering the entire data collection

period for 1988 will be available later in 1’389.

Table L Sample sizes for the 1988 National Health Interview

Survey of AIDS Knowledge and AttStudes and estimated adult

population 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, October ●nd November 1988

Sample size Estimated

populatkmr

CHraracterktlcs October November in ttrousands

Alladults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,367 3,373 175,260

Age

16-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 609 47,5CQ

3(H9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.278 1,302 66,sCa

50years And over . . . . . . . . . . 1,275 1,262 W,m

8ex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.379 1,424 63,073

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,006 1,$)49 92,187

Race

white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,731 2,760 148,154

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 506 19,168

Educatbn

Lesstharr 12years . . . . . . . . . . 602 73a 40,C61

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.324 1,256 66,055

Morethan 12years . . . . . . . . . 1,234 1,354 65,3X

Table Il. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1988

Age .%x Race Educathm

18-29 3G49 50 ymrs Less than More ttran

Estimated percent Total years yearn and over Male Female Write Black 12 years 12 yeas 12 years

50r95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.0

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.3

0.8

1.1

0.8

1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.4

150r85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1,6

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 2.0 1.6

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.8 1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.4 1.1 1.0 2.3

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

1.8

1.9 1.6

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.5 1.2 1.1 24

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

2.0

20

1.5

1.6 1.7

1.6

1.6 1.3 1.1 2.6

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.1

21

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7 1.4 1.2 2.7

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7 1.4 1.2 2.8

::

2.2

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.8

1.7 1.8

1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 2.8 2.3

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2 1.8

1.8 1.8

1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 2.8 2.3 1.8 1.8

Table Ill. Standard errors, expressed In percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge ●nd Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, November 1988

Age sex Race Education

18-29 3049 50 years Less than

Estlma!ed percent Tots/ years

More lhan

yeacs and over Male Female Wlvte Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.2

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.4

1.0

1.1

0.8

1.1

0.8

1.0 0.9 0.7 1.7

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6

1.4

1.6 1.3

1.1

1.3

1.0

1.2 1.0 0.9 20 1.7

2f30r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.8 1.4

1.3

1.4 1.4

1.2

1.2 1.0 2.3 1.9

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0 1.5

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.5 1.3 1.1 2.5

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.6

1.6

1.7 1.6

1.5

1.3 1.1 2.6 :;

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 22 1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6 1.4 1.2 2.7

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 22

2.3

1.7

1.7

1.8

7.7

1.7 1.4 1.2 2,8

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.3 1.8

2.3

1.6

1.6 1.7

1.7 1.5 1.2 2.8

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.3

2.4

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7 1.5 1.2 2.9 2.4 1.6 1.7
20 advancedata

Recent Issues of Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics

No. 166. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of Hispanic No. 163. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for August 1988

Americans (Issued April 11, 19S9) (Issued December 15, 1988)

No. 165. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of Black Ameri- No. 162. Practice Patterns of the Office-Based

cans (Issued March 30, 1989) Ophthalmologist: NAMCS, 1985 (Issued January 31., 1989)

No. 164. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for September No. 16L AIDS Knowlege and Attitudes for July 1988

1988 (Issued January 3, 1989) (Issued October 11, 1988)

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, A. M. Hardy

and D. A. Dawson, AIDS knowledge and attitudes

for October and November 1988: Provisional data

from the National Health Interview Survey. Advance

Data From Vital and Health Statistics. No. 167.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 89-1250. Public Health

Service. Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further permission.
Number 168 ● April 25, 1989

Advance

Data

From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics

Health Characteristics of Workers by Occupation and Sex:

UnitedStates, 1983-85

by John Gary Collins, M. B.A., and Owen T. Thornberry, Ph. D., Division of Hea[th Interview Statistics

During the past two decades there

has been a continuous increase of

women in the labor force, in absolute

numbers and as a percent of the totaL

For example, the annual average number of women in the labor force increased from 37.5 million in 1975-76

to 49.2 million in 1983-85. Whereas

women accounted for 40.5 percent of

the labor force in 1975-76, by

1983–85 44 percent of the labor force

was female (NCHS, 1980). Because

women have become a significant proportion of the labor force, it is both

possible, and timely, to compare the

health characteristics of men and

women in the labor force by their

occupational categories.

To accomplish this, national estimates of health characteristics of persons 18 years of age and over in the

civilian noninstitutionalizecl population

of the United States who were in the

labor force for the years 1983-85 are

presented in this report. These estimates include an occupational profile;

percent with fair or poor respondentassessed health status; percent limited

in activity because of chronic conditions; percent with 8 bed days or more

in the past 12 months; numbers of

restricted-activity, bed disability, and

work loss days per person per year;

percent with a physician visit in the

past year; physician visits per person

per year; hospital discharges per 100

persons per year; average length of

hospital stay incidence rate of acute

conditions per 100 persons per year;

and the prevalence rate of selected

chronic conditions per 1,000 persons

per year. These estimates are based on

data ccdlected by the National Center

for Health Statistics (NCHS) by

means of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Data are shown

for males and females and for 13

occupational groupings.

It should be noted that health

characteristics among the occupational

groupings may be affected by a number of demographic characteristics. A

more detailed analysis of these data by

age, sex, race, family income, and education of the individual will appear in

a forthcoming NCHS publication,

“Health Characteristics by Occupation

and Industry of Employment: United

States, 1983–S5” (NCHS, In press).

NHIS data on health characteristics

for the total civilian noninstitutionalized population are presented annually in the NCHS publication “Current

Estimates From the National HeaIth

Interview Survey” (NCHS, 1986a,

1986b, 1986c, 1987, and 198S).

In addition, several NCHS publications have used occupation and

industry as an analytic variable in

addressing health characteristics such

as respondent-assessed health status,

disability days, and hospital discharge

data (NCHS, 1983a, 1983b, 1985a,

and 1986d).

Highlights

●

●

●

●

Women account for 94 percent of

the labor force in private household occupations and about

80 percent of those in administrative support occupations.

IMore than one in every four

women in the labor force work in

administrative support occupations.

Women in the labor force

reported more restricted-activity,

bed disability, and work 10SSdays

per person than did their male

counterparts. Particularly high

rates were reported among females in transportation and material moving occupations and

among machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.

Almost 86 ~ercent of women in

transportation and material moving occupations reported having a

doctor visit in the past year. Females in this occupation also averaged a large number of doctor

visits, 6.5 pcr person per year.

US. DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Center for Health Statistics

Public Health Service Manning FeinleIb, M. D., Dr. P.H., Director

Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

Hospital discharge rates were

higher for women in the labor

force than for men, but the length

of stay was higher among males.

Females working in transportation

and material moving occupations

reported a hospital discharge rate

47 percent higher than for all currently employed women.

The incidence rate of acute conditions among women in protective

service occupations and transportation and material moving occupations was double the rate of

their male counterparts.

About one of every four women in

transportation and material moving occupations; precision production, craft, and repair occupations;

and farming, forestry, and fishing

occupations reported having

chronic sinusitis.

The rate of hearing impairments

among men in the labor force was

almost double that of women.

Men working as machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors; in

farming, forestry, and fishing

occupations; and in precision production, craft, and repair occupations reported the highest

prevalence rates of hearing

impairments.

Almost one out of every five

women working in private household occupations had health status

assessed as fair or poor.

Background

Information from the NHIS conducted by NCHS is based on data collected in a continuing nationwide

survey by household interview. Each

week a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of

the United States is interviewed by

personnel of the U.S. Bureau of the

Census. Information is obtained about

the health and other characteristics of

each member of the household.

One of the strengths of the NHIS

is the ability to combine data over

multiple years. This increases the stability of the estimates because augmenting the sample size leads to

smaller sampling errors. Combining

data over time is possible because of

the sampling design of NHIS and its

use of standard questions over several

years. Combining data is particularly

desirable when making estimates for

relatively rare events or population

subgroups-in this case, occupational

groupings.

Data for this re~rt are based on

information obtained during 1983,

1!984, and 1985, and annual averages

for these three years are presented.

The questionnaires for 1983, 1984,

and 1985 are shown in their entirety in

the “Current Estimates From the

National Health Interview Survey”

reports for those years (NCHS, 1986a,

1986b, and 1986c).

A brief description of methods

and procedures used in NHIS is given

in the “Technical notes” section of this

report.

Occupational profile

The labor force for the years

1983-85 was estimated to be 111.8

million persons, of whom 62.6 million

or 56.0 percent were males and 49.2

million or 44.0 percent were females.

Table 1 shows the percent distribut ion of the labor force occupations

by sex. Whereas females made up

44 percent of the labor force, there

was a large difference in the percent

of women in various occupations. Only

8.5 percent of persons in precision

production, craft, and repair occupations and 8.2 percent of those in

transportation and material moving

occupations were female. Conversely,

94.0 percent of workers in private

household occupations and

79.9 percent of those in administrative

support occupations were women.

Table 2 shows the percent clistribution of males and females in the

labor force by occupation. More than

half of the female labor force was concentrated in three occupational

groups: administrative support occupations, 26.3 percent; semice occupations, 13.9 percent; and professional

specialty occupations, 135 percent,

The occupational distribution among

males in the labor force was not as

concentrated. Precision production,

craft, and repair occupations were

most prevalent, accounting for

18.9 percent of males in the labor

force.

Health characteristics

Respondent-assessed health

status

In the NHIS, health status ia

based on the respondent’s assessment,

not on clinical evidence. Table 3 shows

the percents of males and females in

the labor force whose health was assessed to be either fair or poor, by

occupational group. For the total labor

force, 7.1 percent of females had their

health assessed as fair or poor,

whereas 6.4 percent of males had.

There was a large variation among

women in different occupational

groups regarding the assessment of

Table 1. Percent distribution of persons 18 years of age and over In the labor force by

sex, accordhrg to employment status and occupation: United States,l 983-S5

All

Employment status and occupation P9rsons Male Female

Total labor fora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currently emptoyad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Executive, adminlstrathfe, and managerial occupSllOnS. .

Professional specialty occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Teclmlclens and related support 00Wpatk)nS . . . . . .

Sales occupalbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Admlnlstratrve supporl occupations, includrrg clerkal . .

Pnvatehousehold occupaficms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Protective sarwce occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.S-mOceoccupations, excepl protactrve end household. .

Farmmg, forest~, and fshing occupations . . . . . . . . .

Preclston prcduchon, craft, and repair occupathms . . . .

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors . . . . . .

Transportation and material moving Occupatbns . . . . .

Handlers, aqu!pmen! cleaners, helpers, and laborers. . .

Unknown occupedlon and mllfa!y. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

i 00.0

100.0

100.0

Parcenl dBlrlbullon

68.0

S6.2

65.8

50.8

50.8

52.5

20.1

6.0

85.5

34.0

64.5

91.5

58,8

91,8

62.3

55.1

53.1

44.0

43.8

34.2

49.2

49.2

47.5

79.9

94.0

14.5

66.0

15.5

8.5

41.2

8.2

17.7

44.9

46.9
advancedata 3

Table 2. Percent distribution of persons 18 years of age ●nd over in the labor force by

employment status and occupation, according to sex: United States, 1983-85

Employment status and occupatkm Male Female

Percentciktributbn

Total latmrforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0

Currentlyemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.4 92.6

Execullve,admlnistratlve,and managerialcccupatbns . . . . . . 13.3 8.8

Professbnal specialtyoccupatbns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 13.5

Technlclansand related supportcccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.3

Selesoccupetbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 11.2

Admlnktralivasupportmcupafbns, Includhg cler’kxd . . . . . . . 5.2 26.3

Prtvatehouset’ioldoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.6

Protectiveserviceoccupatbns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.5

Serviceoccupatbns, except protecflveandhousahold . . . . . . 5.6 13.9

Farming,forestry,and fkhlngoccupatbns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.0

Precisbn produclbn, craft,end repair occupations. . . . . . . . . 18.9 23

Machine operators,-mblers, and Inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.6

Transporiatbn and metertalmovingocoupatbns. . . . . . . . . . 6.6 0.6

Handlers, aqulpmentcleaners, helpers, end laborers . . . . . . . 4.8 1.3

Unknownoccupatbn andmilttary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.7

Currentlyunemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.4

Table 3. Percent of males and females 18 years of age and over in the labor force with

respondent-assessed heaith status of fair or poor, by employment status ●nd occupation:

United States, 1983-85

Fskorpoorassaswd

tre#ttr status

En@oymenf status and ocwpatkm MaLe Female

Tobftaborf orca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currenttyemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EMCUIIW, adminrstrattie,end managerlatoccupetbns . . . . . .

Professbnat speciattyoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TechrrMans and related supporloccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bales occupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Admlnlalrattvesupportoccupatbns, Includhg claricat . . . . . . .

Privatehouseholdoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Protectiveaerviceocoupalbns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8ervica ocoupatbns, e)(Ceptprotectiveand household . . . . . .

Farming,forestry,and fiahlngoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preckbn productbn, craft, and repairocapafbns. . . . . . . . .

Machine oparatom,assemblers,and Insp@tors. . . . . . . . . . .

Transportatbn and material movingcccupatbns . . . . . . . . . .

Handlers, equipmentcleaners, helpers,and laborers . . . . . . .

Unknownoccupatbn andmilttary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currentlyunemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4

6.0

3.8

2.8

26

5.0

5.2

●1O.O

7.3

7.9

10.8

6.9

7.6

7.8

7.6

8.2

11.1

7.1

6.7

4.4

3.6

5.6

6.3

5.2

19.0

●6.9

9.7

9.4

8.8

11.9

7.6

10.8

8.4

120

Table 4. Percent of mafes and females 18 years of ●ge and over in the labor force who

are limited in activity due to chronic conditions, by employment status and occupation:

United States, 1983-85

Urrr47at.@nOfacfti@

Employment status and cxcupafbn Male FemeJe

Percent

Total laborforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 6.4

Currentlyemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.0

Executive,admir’btrattve,and managerial ocoupatbns . . . . . . 8.9 7.5

Professbnatspecialtyoccupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.5

Techniciansand related support occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 7.3

8elesoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.5

Admlmslrativesupport occupatbns, Includfig clerical . . . . . . . 9.7 6.9

Prtvatettouseholdoccupalbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ●12.O 17.3

Protecltvesetviceoccupatbns. ..,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8,2

Servbe occupations,except protectiveand household . . . . . . 10.9 8,7

Farmmg,forestry,and f!stlingoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 13.0

Precisionproduclbn, crafl, and repair Occupations. . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.6

Machine operators,assemblers,and inspecbra. . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.3

Transportatbn and material movingwcupatbns . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 6.9

Handlers,equipmentcleaners, helprs, and laborers . . , . . , 8.7 9,4

Unknown occupatbn andmiltfv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,5

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9a

13.8 12.6

their health. Only 3.6 percent of

women workers in professional

specialty occupations were assessed to

be in fair or poor health, compared

with 19.0 percent of women working

in private househoId occupations. Private household occupations have a

higher percent of older workers than

other occupations. This may explain

part of this inordinately high rate.

More than 1 of every 10 women working as machine operators, assemblers,

and inspectors; and handIers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

also were assessed to be in fair or

poor health. In contrast, among the

men, those in farming, forestxy, and

fishing occupations were reported to

have the highest percent of fair or

poor respondent-assessed health–

10.8 percent.

Limitation of activity due to

chronic conditions

Table 4 shows the percents of

males and females in the labor force

who are limited in activity because of

chronic conditions. Limitation of ac[ivity refers to a person’s inability to perform his or her major activity, a

limitation in the kind or amount of

major activity, or a limitation in the

kind and amount of other activities.

For the puqxxe of this analysis, if persons were limited in any of the three

ways mentioned above, they were considered to be limited in activity. For

the total labor force, 8.4 percent of

the femaIes were limited in activity as

compared with 9.5 percent of the

males. This is interesting because a

smaller percent of males perceived

their health to be fair or poor than did

females. Women in private household

occupations reported the highest percent with activity limitation,

17.3 percent, and 13.0 percent of

women in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations reported activity limitation. In cuntrast, onIy 6.9 percent of

females in administrative support

occupations reported activity limitation. The large number of young

women in these administrative support

occupations most likely had an effect

on the rate. The rate of activity limitation across occupations was more
4 acivancedata

Table 5. Percent of males and females 18 years of age and over in the labor force who

had 8 bed disability days or more In the past 12 months, by employment status and

occupation: United States, 1983-65

8 bad days or more

in past 12 months

Employment status and occupdon Male Female

Percent

Total labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.2

Currently employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 i 0.8

Executfve, admln!strefive, and managerial occupations . . . . 5,8 10.1

Profeesb3nal specialty occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 11.0

Techntclans and related supporl oocupatkms . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 12.1

Sales occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 10.8

Admmlstratlve suppori occupations, Includsrg clericat . . . . . . . 7.0 10.4

Private household occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ●10.0 10.4

Protective eervice occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 ‘1 4.2

Service Occupations, except protective and household . . . . . . 7.8 11.1

Farming, forestry, and fishing cccupehons . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.2

Precision producthr, craft, and repair occupations. . . . . . . 7.0 12.1

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. . . . . . . . 7.7 10.6

Transportation and material moving occupations . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 13.5

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and taborers . . . . 6.6 9.9

Unknown oooupalion andmllttery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘5.6 10.3

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 17.3

stable among males, although men in

farming, forestry, and fishing occupations reported a higher than average

rate of limitation of activity.

Disability

Bed days in past L? months—The

percents of males and females in the

labor force who reported 8 bed days

or more in the past year are shown by

employment status and occupation in

table 5. More than 11 pereent of females reported 8 bed days or more in

the past 12 months, compared with

7.0 percent of the males. Women in

farming, forestry, and fishing occupations had a low percent with 8 bed

days or more, 8.2 percent; whereas

among women in transportation and

mat erial moving occupations, 13.5

percent had 8 bed days or more

in the past 12 months. The rates

among males were relatively stable

among the occupational groups.

Disability doys-TIlc number of

restricted-activity, bed disability, and

work loss days per person per year for

those in the labor force are presented

by sex, employment status, and occupation in table 6. Females in the labor

force reported 11.7 restricted activity

days per year compared with 8.6 days

for males. Females in transportation

and material moving occupations had

the highest rate, 16.5 days per person.

Women machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors also had a high

rate of restricted-activity days, 13.9 per

person, whereas those working in

farming, forestry, and fishing occupations reported only 7.7 days per person per year. Male machine operators,

assemblers, and inspectors also reported a high rate of restricted-activity

days, 10.4 per person. In contrast,

males in sales occupations reported

only 6.9 restricted-activity days per

person per year.

Females also reported a higher

rate of bed disability days per year

than did males, 4.6 days compared

with 2.9 days. There was not much

variation among the occupational

groups for either sex.

Currently employed women reported 5.5 work loss days per pmson

per year compared with 4.3 days for

males. Women working in transportation and material moving occupations

and as machine operators, assemblers,

and inspectors reported high rates of

work loss days, 9.3 and 8.7 days per

person per year, respectively. Females

in private household occupations reported only 4.4 days per person per

Table 6. Number of restricted-activity, bed disability, and work loss days per person per year for males and females 18 years of age and

over in the labor force, by employment status and occupation: United States, 1983-85

Restrk%sd- Bed dkeblliiy 14iw-lrlass

activity days days days

Employment status and ocwpafforr Male Female Male Female Male Female

Number of days per pereon per year

Total labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 11.7 2.9 4.6

Currently employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

6.2 11.2 2.7 4.2 4.3

Executrve. admmistrative, and managerial occupaltons. .

5.5

7.2 11,2 2.5 4.4 3.3

Profescmal specmlfy occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2

7.3 10.8 2.8 4.2 3.0

Techmckms and related support occupaltons . . . . . .

4.6

7.7 12.2 2.6 3.9 3.8 5.7

Sales occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 10.2 2.3 4.1 3.1

Admlmstrative supporl OCCUpWOtIS, Including clerical .

5.1

8.7 10.6 2.4 4.1 4.0

Prwate household occupations . . . . . . .

5.2

●6.4 10.7 ●0.4 *3.6 ●4.5

Protectwe serwe occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4

8.2 ●13.3 3.1 ●6.8 4.4

Service occupations, except protective and household.

*6. 1

6.0 11.5 2.6 4.4 4.3

Farming, forestry, and hshmg occupations . . . . . . . .

5.6

8.2 7.7 3.2 %2.2 5.2

Prectslon production, craft, and repair occupahons. . . .

*3.3

6.6 12.5 2.8 4.0 4.9

Machine operatora, assemblers, and Inspectors. . . . .

7.5

10,4 13.9 2.7 4.6 6.3 8.7

Transporlaflon and mafenal movmg Occupations . . . . 9,6 16.5 2.8 *5.4 5.7 9.3

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers, . 8,6 11.7 2.8 ●4.7 5.1 7.9

Unknown occupation and military . . . . . . 7.4 13.0 *2.7 6.1 2.7

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3

14,3 17.9 7.0 9.2 . . . . . .
advanceciata 5

Table 7. Utflizatfon of physician services by males and females 18 years of age and over

in the labor force, by employment status and occupation: United States, 1983-85

Physidarr V/SitS

Pacers: wffh VISR Mists per parson

AJ-ipk?styaar per par

Employment status end OIXupafkm Male Female Male Female

Percent Number

Totatksborforce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 78.5 3.3 5.6

Currently employad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 78.5 3.2 5.5

Exacutlve,admlnklrattve,and managerialcccupatbns. . 66.8 60.4 3.7 6.4

Professbnal speciattyoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 63.4 3.8 6.3

Tectmkians and related supportoccupetbns . . . . . . . 67’.I 62.1 3.6 6.0

6alasoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 76.2 3.2 4.9

Admmistralt#esupporloccupatbns, Includhgclerkal . . 63.0 79.6 3.5 5.6

Prtvatet’rouwholdoccupafbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.o 72.0 ●3.8 4.3

Proteotlveservlceoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 81.0 3.3 5.7

SerW%3occupations,except prottmttveend houwhold. . 60.4 76.0 2.8 5.1

Farming,forestry,end fishingoccupafbns . . . . . . . . . 5-4.9 72.1 26 3.8

Precisbn productbn, craft, and repatrocwpetbns . . . . 59.2 75.1 2.9 5.1

Machine operators,assemblers,and lnspacfcis . . . . . 61.9 74.8 3.2 4.9

Transporta!bn and matertalmovingoccupatbns . . .. . . 61.6 65.7 3.0 6.5

Handlers, equipmentcleaners, helpers, and Ialmrers. . . 56.4 74.2 3.1 4.7

Unknown SXcupatbnand mililary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 71.4 25 6.4

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 78.7 4.2 6.2

year. Work loss days among men were

also high for machine operators, inspectors, and assemblers and “those in

transportation and material moving

occupations.

Utilization of physician services

The percents of males and females in the labor force who had doctor w“sitsin the past year and the

number of doctor visits per year for

each sex are shown by employment

status and occupation in tabIe 7.

Percent withphysician visit in past

year—Women were more likely than

men to have visited a doctor in the

past year. Almost four out of five

women had seen a doctor in the past

year whereas little more than three of

five men reported a doctor visit. Females working in transportation and

material moving occupations reported

that 85.7 percent had a doctor visit in

the past year, and 83.4 percent of

women working in professional speeialty occupations had a visit. In contrast, onIy 72.0 percent of women in

private household occupations and

72.1 percent of those in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations had a

doctor visit in the last 12 months,

Among males, those in white eokr

occupations professional speeialty occupations; technician and related support oaupations; and executive,

administrative, and managerial occupations reported higher than average

percents of workers with a doctor

visit in the past year, approximately

67.0 percent. Only 54.9 percent of

men in farming, forestry, and fishing

occupations had a doctor visit in the

previous 12 months.

Physician visitsperpenron per

ye@—Females averaged 5.6 doctor

visits per year compared with 33 visits

by males. The visit rate among women

ranged from 3.8 visits for those in

farmin~ forestry, and fishing occupations to 6.5 visits for women working

in the transportation and material

moving occupations. Women working

in executive, administrative, and managerial occupations and professional

specialty occupations also reported

higher than average physician visit

rates. There was little variation in the

physician visit rate among males. At

the lower end of the spectrum were

men working in farming, forestry, and

fishing occupations who had 2.6 visits

per permn per year, whereas at the

upper end of the spectrum were men

working in professional specialty occupations, who had 3.8 visits per person.

Utilization of hospital service

The short-stay hospital discharge

rates and the average lengths of stay

of males and females in the labor

force are “shown by employment status

and occupation in tabIe 8.

Shori-stq hospital&charges-The

rate of hospital discharges among

women was about 28 percent higher

than for men, 10.1 compared with 7.9

per 100 hundred persons per year,

respectively. Females in transportation

and material moving occupations reported a high of 13.8 discharges per

100 persons, whereas women in professional speeialty occupations; adminTabie 8. Utilization of hospitai services by maies ●nd females 18 years of age and over in

the iabor force, by employment status and occupation: UnitedStates, 1983-65

Dkxharges from short-sfay hospnats’

17isckirg6s psr 1~ Average Iengttr

pemcm.s par ysar of stay

Employment status and occupafhnr Male Fernde Makr Female

Rate Number of days

Total labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 10.1 6.3 6.5

Currentiyemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 9.4 6.1

Executive,admlnislrat~e,and managedaioccupations.. 8.5

5.4

9.1

Professbnal speo!altyoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6

5.2

8.6 ::

Technklarrs and relatedsupportOCCUIXWOSSS. . . . . . . 7.5

5.1

11.5

6alesoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7

6.5 5,4

92

AdmhistrafNe supporloccupafbns, Includhg CIW’ICSI . . 6.8

5.9

8.7 ?:

Private householdoccupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.4

●6.O 10.7 *10.0

Protectiveserviceoccupatbns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6

●5.2

●1O.3

Service cccupatbns, except protacfhfeand household. . 7.7

*5.9

9.6 :

Farming, forest~, and fkhlng occupatbns . . . . . . . . . 7.1

5.5

8.8 6.7

Prectsbn productbn, craft,and repak occupstbns. . . . 7.7

●5.O

12.2 5.8

Machine opsra!ors,assemblers,end Inspectws . . . . . 9.6

5.2

10.9 5.6

Trensportatbn and materbl movingmupafbns . . . . . 7.6

5.6

13.6

Handlers, squlpmentcleaners, helpers,and laborers. . . 6.0

6.2 ●4.5

10.7 6.8

Unknown occupatbn endmMary..... . . . . . . . . . . 7.8

*5.5

10.2

Currenttyunemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.5 *7. 1

127 18.3 7.6 8.2

‘EscJucbsdeliveries.

,
6 advancedata

Table 9. Incidence rates per 100 persons of all acute conditions among males and

females 18 years of age and over in the labor force, by employment status and

occupation: United States, 1983-85

Irrctience of all

acute condhons

Employment status and oxupatbn Male Female

Total labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currently employad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Executive, admrdetrative, end managenal occupatbns . . . . . .

Profe=onal specialty occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Techmcuans and related support OCCUpathS . . . . .

Sales occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AdmlnIstralIve supp’f OCCUpatWS, mcludhg CleW4 . . . . .

Prwatehousehold occupehons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProtectNe ser4ceoccupat0ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Service occupations, except protective and houwhold . . . . . .

Farmmg, forestry, and fshmg occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preciskm producton, craft, and repsm occupations . . . . . . . .

Machine operators, aseamblers, and Inspectors. . . . . . . . . .

Transpotiatin and materiel moving occupatbns . . . . . . . . . .

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers . . . . .

Unknown occupation andmilifary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rale par 100 persons

124.7 172.6

126.1 173.6

117.0 196.0

150.9 191.1

142.6 176.1

114.9 156.7

145.9 175.7

●74.O 111.5

132.3 261.2

125.0 175.2

97.4 145.7

124.6 174.0

135.0 151.7

103.9 206.1

141.6 131.2

103.3 117.6

105.4 160.5

istrative support occupations; and

farming, forestry, and fishing occupations reported only 8.6 to 8.8 discharges per 100 persons.

Among males, the highest discharge rate was among those working

as machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors, 9.6 per 100 persons. Men

working as handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers reported

only 6.0 hospital discharges per 100

persons.

Length of stay—Whereas the hospital discharge rate among women was

higher than that among men, the average length of stay per discharge was

lower among women, 5.5 days compared with 6.3 days among males. AL

though the rate of discharges varied

widely among women in different occupations, there was very little difference among women in the average

length of stay per discharge in the

varying occupational groups.

Among males, those in protective

service occupations reported an average length of stay per discharge of 9.5

days, which was 50 percent higher

than for all males in the labor force.

Incidence of acute conditions

Table 9 ecmtains the incidence

rates per 100 persons from all acute

conditions for males and females 18

years of age and over in the labor

force by employment status and occupation. Females had a higher

incidence rate of acute conditions than

males, 172.6 per 100 persons compared with 124.7 per 100 persons.

There was a great deal of variation in

the incidence rate for women among

the occupational groups. Females in

private household occupations had an

incidence rate of 111.5 per 100

persons whereas women in protective

service occupations had a rate of 261.2

per 100 persons. Women in transportation and material moving oeeupations; executive, administrative, and

managerial occupations; and professional specialty occupations also had

high incidenee rates of 208.1, 196.0,

and 191.1 per 100 persons, respectively.

Males in professional specialty

occupations had a high incidence rate

of 150.9 per 100 persons, whereas

men in farming, forestry, and fishing

occupations reported only 97.4 acute

conditions per 100 persons. Interestingly, the incidence rate among males

in transportation and material moving

occupations was only 103.9 per 100

persons or about half of the rate of

208.1 reported by females in that

occupational group.

selected Chronic conditions

The rates for selected high prevalence chronic conditions for persons

18 years and over in the labor force

are presented by sex, employment status, and occupation in table 10. The

conditions shown are high blood pressure, hay fever, chronic sinusitis,

arthritis, hearing impairment, and deformities or orthopedic impairment of

the back.

High blood pressure—The prevalence rate per 1,000 persons in tlhe

labor force from high blood pressure

was lower among females than males,

102.6 compared with 118.0 per 1,000.

Women in private household occupations reported a very high prevalence

rate of 220.1, whereas females in professional specialty occupations

reported a rate of only 78.0 per 1,000

persons. Interestingly, the prevalence

rate of high blood pressure among

males was highest among those in executive, administrative, and managerial

occupations, 150.7 per 1,000 persons.

The rate among men working as handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers was a very low 68.7 per 1,000.

Hay fever— Women reported a

higher prevalence raie of hay fever

than did men, 118.3 per 1,000 persons

compared with 98.3. The prevalence

rate was particularity high for women

working in technician and related support occupations professional specialty occupations; and executive,

administrative, and managerial occupations, 168.4, 151.3, and 142.0 per

1,000 persons, respectively. Female

machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors reported a rate of only 59.7

per 1,000. Males working in professional specialty occupations and technician and related support occupations

also reported high prevalence rates for

hay fever.

Chronic sinusitis— The prevalence

rate from chronic sinusitis among

women was 181.3 per 1,000 compared

with 144.8 among men. Females in

transport ation and material moving

occupations precision production,

craft, and repair occupations; amd

farming, forestry, and fishing omupations reported high rates of 256.:1,

235.6, and 234.5 per 1,000, respectively. Rates among women maclhine

operators, assemblers, and inspectors

were “arelatively low 136.3 per 1,000

persons. In contrast, the higher prevalence rates
advancedata 7

Table 10. Prwalencw mtos per 1,000 persons of selected chronic conditions among persons 18 years of age and over in the labor force,

by sex, employment status, and occupation: United States, 1983-85

CorrdiWrr

H&h

Deforrmty or

Hay Cmurti

Orlho/J.9drc

Sax, ernp,’q?imrrt skrtus, and occupetkvr

Hawing irnpamrrent

pmum fever slnustlus ArfhrUis krrparrment of back

Males

Tolailabor coma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CurrenIlyemploy3ci. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Executive, arJmintatra!tJa,and managerial occupatbns. .

Professional speciaiiy caqsetbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Technlciins end related suppori occupetbns . . . . . . .

Sales occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Admlmstratrve supporf mcupations, includhg cleti . .

Private household occwpatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Protactive servlca cacupatlons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Service Wcupatbns, except protecthre and household. .

Farming, foresl~, and fkllrrg oocupatbns . . . . . . . . .

Preclsbn productbn, craft, and repair occupatbns . . . .

Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors . . . . . .

Transporiatbn and malerlal moving occupetbns . . . . .

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers. . .

Unknown occupsdbn and miItiary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currenllyunemploys-d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

T’otellabor farad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Currently employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Executiie, admintshatiw, and managerial cccupatiine. .

Professbnal SP%C!AIP?occupalbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Technicians and rcfat~d suppotl Occupatbns . . . . . . .

Sales occupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AdmlnlslraWe support c-ccupatbns, Includhg clericel . .

Private trouseho!d occupations , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Projective s4mOcacccupa!ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

&XVlC6 Occupa!lorrs, EfXCepl prOtOCliVe and household. .

Farming, forestry, and flshlng crccupalbns . . . . . . . . .

Preclsbn prcductkm, craft, and repair occupatbns . . . .

Machine qwatom, assemblers, and Inspectcm. . . . . .

Transparfattan tmci material moving acupatbns . . . . .

Handlem, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers. . .

Unknown occupalbn and mllltary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currerrlly unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118.0

117.7

150.7

111.4

95.4

130.2

120.8

●-

119.6

111.4

TOI.9

118.1

103.8

119.2

66.7

109.3

121.9

102.6

1027

101.7

78.0

118.5

66.8

93.0

220.1

●51.7

119.7

●102.2

13s.4

126.2

●135.1

●115.9

137.6

101.6

e6.3

99.8

123.3

151.4

144.9

111.3

106.4

%0.0

121.1

62.1

64.6

77.8

70.1

73.9

70.1

%4.2

?7.3

118.3

117.8

142.0

151.3

166.4

113.4

123.1

%2.7

●43.1

102.3

●36.i

314.6

59.7

‘1 02.7

%6.6

%3.9

124.2

Rate per 1,000 persons

144.8

146.3

159.9

150.2

167.9

157.9

163.4

*460.O

137.9

126.5

135.7

147.9

145.7

149.1

87.7

%6.3

124.1

181.3

181.1

166.9

197.0

leo.9

160.4

191.6

●146.3

●112.1

172.2

234.5

235.6

136.3

256.1

1!56.1

119.2

164.1

6s.3

69.5

92.8

61.7

56.8

95.4

72.7

“360.0

94.6

76.7

152.6

103.6

76.8

81.6

66.4

●70.2

70.9

124.0

122.3

126.1

95.1

121.0

lm.3

96.8

260.8

‘1 63.8

151.2

178.4

123.6

156.7

●775.7

145.3

99.5

145.2

102.2

103.5

103.0

91.8

94.2

78.6

60.0

120:;

91.5

124,5

124,3

132.5

103.6

66.7

%6.2

82.9

55.8

55.9

57.0

53.3

61.1

59.7

44.5

●81.4

●73.3

61.5

*I 12.2

66.6

76.3

*24.3

●46.4

●27.O

65,2

65.1

64.4

65.9

62.4

51.9

60.4

60.4

%0.0

85.8

66.5

61.4

70.1

56.7

69.6

61.4

*36. 1

74.4

62.2

81.3

73.7

92.4

93.0

85.1

76,4

109.4

94.8

63.3

●66.2

“63.2

69.3

*159.5

“60.3

“30.7

93.3

among males werti for those in technician and rela~ed support occupations

and administi-ative support occupations.

Arthritis--the prevalence rate

from arthritis anmrq females was

about 40 perceilt higher than that for

males, 124.0 compared with 88.3 per

1,000 persons. Women in private

household occupations reported an

inordinately high prevalence rate of

260.8, and those in farming, forestry,

and fishing occupations had a high

rate of 178.4 per 1,000. These rates

may be age-related because these occupations have larger proportions of

older persons. Women in administrative support occupations and professional specialty occupations reported

prevalence rates that were under 100

per 1,000 population. As among females, the prevalence rate from

arthritis was high among males in

farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. Men working in technician and

reIated support occupations reported a

low prevalence rate from arthritis, 56.8

per 1,000 persons.

Hearing impairmenti-’I’he prevalence rate of hearing impairments per

1,000 persons in the labor force was

almost twice as high for males as for

females, 102.2 compared with 55.8 per

1,000. About half of the occupational

categories among the women had

insufficient data for reliability. However, female machine operators,

assemblers, and inspectors had a rate

of hearing impairments that was almost 40 percent higher than the average for all females in the labor force.

Among males, high rates of hearing

impairments were found among

machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors; among men in farming,

forestry, and fishing occupations; and

in preeision production, craft, and repair occupations-132.5, 124.5. and

124.3 per 1,000 persons, respectively.

Deformity or orthopedic impaimnent

of back-The prevalence rate of deformity or orthopedic impairment of the

back was higher among females than

males, 82.2 compared with 65.1 per

1,000 persons. Women in private

household occupations had a high rate

of 109.4 per 1,000 persons. Among

males, the highest prevalence was

among workers in protective service

occupations, a prevalence of 85.8 back

impairments per 1,000 persons.

The population figures used in

computing rates in this report are

found in table 11.
8 advance-data

Table 11. Population distribution of persons 18 years of age and over in the labor forca

by employment status, occupation, and sex: United Statea, 1983-85

Ail

Employment staius and occupesurr p.srsons Male Female

Populatk.n In thousands

Tolal labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,770 62,581 49,169

Currently employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,045 58,479 45,568

ExecutNe, adminbtrative, and managerial occupations . 12,616 6,299 4,317

Professional speciaIty occupatbns . . . . . . . . . . . 13,514 6,870 6,644

Technicians and relalad suppori occupations . . . . . 3,259 1,656 1,603

Sales occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,601 6,091 5,510

Administrative support occupations, Includirvgclerical . 16,215 3,262 12,953

Private household occupations . . . . . 836 50 786

Protective serwce occupahons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595 1,363 232

Service occupatbns, except protective and household . 10,353 3,519 6,634

Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations . . . . 3,218 2,719 499

Preclslon production, craft, and repair occupat!cms . . . 12,968 11,858 1,108

Machine operatom, assemblers, and inspectors . . . . . 7,861 4,633 3,249

Transportation and materiel moving occupa!tons . . . . . 4,522 4,152 370

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, end laborers. . . 3,659 3,011 647

Unknown occupeuon and mllltary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,811 e97 814

Currently unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,725 4,102 3,623
advancedata 9

References

National Center for Health Statistics, C. S.

Wilder. 1980. Selected health characteristicsby occupation: United States, 1975-76.

Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10, No.

133. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 8&1561.

Public Health Sem”ce. Washington: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, P.

W. Ries. 1983a. Americans assess their

health: United States, 1978. P?(uZand

Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 142.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 83-1570. Public

Health Service. Washin~on: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, C. S.

Wilder. 1983b. Disability days United

States, 1980. Ktal and Health Statistics.

Series 10, No. 143. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

83-1571. Public Health SeMce. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, C. S.

Wilder. 1985a. Hospitalization of pemons

under 65 years of age: United States,

1980-81. V7tal and Health Statistics. Series

10, No. 152. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

85-1580. Public Health Semite. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Off@.

National Center for Health Statistiq

M. G. Kovar and G. S. Poe. 1985b. The

National Health Intewiew Sumey design,

1973-84, and procedures, 1975-83. V7taZ

and Health Statistics. Series 1, No. 18.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1320. Public

Health Service. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

National Center for Health Statistics.

1986a. Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey United

States, 1983. Vital and Health Statistics.

Series 10, No. 154. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

86-1582. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistic+

P. W. Ries. 1986b. Current estimates from

the National Health Interview Survey

United States, 1984. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 156. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 86-1584. Public Health Sem.ce.

Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

National Gsnter for Heafth Statistics, A. J.

Moss and V. L. Parsons. 1986c. Current

estimates flom the National Health Interview Suwey United States, 1985. Wal and

HeaZth Statistics. Series 10, No. 160.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1588. Public

Health Semite. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, C. S.

Wilder. 1986d. Disability days: United

States, 1983. Etal and HeaIth Statistics.

Series 10, No. 158. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

87-1586. Public Health Setvice. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, D.

A. Dawson and P. F. Adams. 1987. Current estimates from the National Health

Intemiew Sumey United States, 1986.

14ta2 and Health Statistics. Series 10, No.

164. DHHS Pub. NO. (PHS) S7-1592.

Public Health Service. Washington: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, C. A.

Schoenbom and M. Marano. 1988. Current estimates from the National Health

Intemiew Survey United States, 1987.

Htal and Health Statistics. Series 10, No.

166. DHFfS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1594.

Public Hcal[h Service. Washington: U.S.

Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, J. G.

Collins. In press. Health characteristics by

occupation and industry United States,

1983-85. Etal and Health Statistics. Series

10. No. 170. Public Health Service, DHHS,

Hyatm”lle, Md.
10 advancedata

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (more than

30-percent relative standard error)

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements
advancedata 11

Technical notes

The National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS) is a continuous, crosssectional, nationwide survey conducted

by household interview. Each week a

probability sample of households in

the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States is interviewed by personnel of the U.S.

Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. A description of the survey

design, methods used in estimation,

and general qualifications of the NHIS

data is provided in “Current Estimates

From the National Health Interview

Survey” for 1983, 1984, and 1985

(NCHS, 1986a, 1986b, and 19S6C).

The NHIS sampIe for the 3 years

1983-85 was composed of about

117,000 eligible households, containing

approximately 303,000 persons living

at the time of interview. The total

noninterview rate for the NHIS was

about 3.7 percent.

A description of the survey design,

methods used in estimation, and general qualifications of NHIS data was

published previously (NCHS, 1985b).

Because the estimates shown in this

report are based on a sample of the

population rather than on the entire

population, they are subject to sampling error. Sampling errors for most

of the estimates are relatively 10W.

However, where an estimated number,

or the numerator or denominator of a

rate or percent is small, the sampling

error may be large.

An asterisk is placed beside certain figures to indicate more than

30-percent relative standard error.

Figures marked with an asterisk are

given primarily to allow the reader to

combine them with related estimates,

thereby possibly producing a more

reliable overall estimate for a broader

category.

The number of currently

employed persons estimated from the

NHIS will differ tlom the estimates

prepared from the Current Population

Survey (CPS) of the U.S. Bureau of

the Census for several reasons. In addition to sampling variability, the estimates include three primary

conceptual difference

1. NHIS estimates are for persons

18 years of age and ove~ CPS

estimates are for persons 16

years of age and over.

2. NHIS uses a 2-week reference

period; CPS uses a l-week reference period.

3. NHIS is a continuing suwey

with separate samples taken

weekly; CPS is a monthly sample taken for the survey week

that includes the 12th of the

month.

In this report, terms such as “similar” and “the same” mean that no

statistically si~mificant difference exists

between the statistics being compared.

Terms relating to difference (for example, “greater” or “less”) indicate

that differences are statistically significant. The t-test, with a critical value of

& 1.96 (0.05 level of significance), was

used to test all comparisons discussed.

Lack of comment regarding the difference between any two statistics does

not mean that the difference was

tested and found to be not sibmifkant.

The estimated standard error parameters and the general rules for determining standard errors for data in

this report can be found in the NCHS

publication “Health Characteristics by

Occupation and Indust~ United

States, 1983-85” (NCHS, in press).
12 advancedata

Recent Issues of Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics

NTO.167. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for October and No. 164. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for September

November 1988 (In press) 1988 (Issued January 3, 1989)

No. 166. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of Hispanic No. 163. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for August 1988

Americans (In press) (Issued December 15, 1988)

No. 165. AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of Black Ameri- No. 162.Practice Patterns of the Office-Based Ophthalmolcans (Issued March 30, 1989) ogist: NAMCS, 1985 (Issued January 31, 1989)

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, J, G. Collins

and O. T. Thomber~. 1988. Health characteristics of

workers by occupation and sex: United States,

1983-85. Advance Data From Vital and Health

Sfafkfks. NO. 188. DHHS pUb. NO, (PHS) 89-1250.

Public Health Service. Hyattsviile, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
Number 169 ● May 23, 1989

Advance

Data

From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics

Hospital Inpatient Surgery: United States, 1983-87

by LolaJean Kozak, Divisionof Health Care Statistics

Introduction

Concerns with rising health care

costs, changes in reimbursement for

health care, and advances in surgical

technology have led to rapid growth in

ambulatory surge~ in recent years

(American College of Surgeons, 198t3

Shannon, 1985a). Ambulatory surgery

is expected to reduce costs because

many surgical procedures have been

shown to be less expensive when the

patient is not hospitalized (Olson,

1984). However, if increases in ambulatory surgery are not accompanied by

decreases in inpatient surgery, the

growth in ambulatory surgery could

lead to more total surgexy and higher

total health care wsts (Ermann,

1988).

According to data from the National HospitaJ Discharge Survey

(NHDS), total inpatient surgery has

not been decreasing. Several types of

procedures that can be done on an

ambulatory basis have declined for

inpatients, but other procedures have

increased in frequency.

This report explores the patterns

of inpatient surgerj from 1983 to

1987, a period of rapid change in the

health care system. The implementation in 1983 of a prospective payment

system for Medicare patients based on

diagnosis-related groups (DRG’s) and

the rapid growth in health maintenance organizations, preferred- provider organizations, and prospective

utilization review in private heaIth insurance systems have helped stimulate

increases in ambulatory surgery

(Guterman et al., 1988; Schrarnm and

Gabel, 1988). The discharge rate for

all patients in short-stay hospitals decreased by 17 percent from 1983 to

1987, but the change in the rate of

inpatient surgical procedures was not

statistically significant.

This report presents data on inpatient surgical procedures in 1983 and

1987 by age and seq source of payment, and hospitaJ bed size. Numbers

and rates for categories of surgical

procedures and specific procedures

are examined, including the main surgical procedures for each of four age

groups. These data provide a detailed

picture of how inpatient surgery has

changed as ambulatory surgery has

increased.

The data were collected by means

of the NHDS, a continuous, voluntary

survey mnducted by the National

Center for Health Statistics since

1965. It encompasses patients

discharged from non-Federal shortstay hospitals. In 1983, 418 sample

hospitals participated in the survey by

supplying approximately 206,000 abstracts of medical reeords. In 1987,

400 participating hospitals provided

approximately 181,000 abstracts. A

brief description of the sample design,

data collection procedures, estimation

proce~ and sampling errors (table I),

along with definitions of the terms

used in this report can be found in the

section entitled “Technical notes.” Detaikd discussions of these topics, and

the survey form used to collect the

datz have been published (NCHS,

1977, 1988a).

Up to four procedures are coded

for each NHDS discharge. The coding

is done according to the Intematwnal

Ckssification of Diseases, 9th Revirion,

Clinkal Modificatkm (Public Health

Service and Health Care Financing

Administration, 1980). Cades for nonsurgical diagnostic and therapeutic

procedures, such as computerized

=-al tomography (CAT scan), diagnostic ultrasound, and diagnostic endoscopy, are included in the

classification system. Because this

study is concerned with changes in

surgical pattem$ however, nonsurgkd

procedures are not included. Table II

in “Technical notes” shows the nonsurgical codes that are excluded. It

should be noted that all obstetrical

procedures are included in this study.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Center for Health Statistics

Public Health Service Manning Feinleib, M.D., Dr. P.H., Director

Centers for Disease Control
2 AdvanceData

Other NHDS reprts contain data on

both surgiml and nonsurgical procedures (NCHS, 1986, 1988b).

Highlights

From 1983 to 1987 the number

and rate of inpatient surgical procedures fell by a third for children

under 15 years of age but did not

change significantly for patients in

other age groups.

From 1983 to 1987 the proportion

of inpatient surgeries with private

insurance as the expected principal source of payment decreased,

and the proportions in the self-pay

and other categories increased.

In 1987 more inpatient surgery

was performed in hospitals with

200-299 beds and less inpatient

surgeq was performed in hospitals with 100-199 beds and 500

beds or more than in 1983.

From 1983 to 1987 the number of

operations on the eye decreased

by more than a million; operations

on the female genital organs

declined by 979,000; operations on

the nose, mouth, and pharynx fell

by 566,00Q and operations on the

ear decreased by almost 200,000.

From 1983 to 1987 the number of

obstetrical procedures increased

by 1.4 million, and operations on

the cardiovascular system rose by

1.1 million.

For children under 15 years of age

(excluding newborn infants),

decreasing inpatient procedures

included myringotomy; tonsillectomy adenoidectomjq

circuma”sion; cardiac catheterization; repair of inguinal hernia; and

operations on muscles, tendons,

fascia, and bursa.

Decreases were reported for

patients 15-44 years of age in

inpatient rhinoplasty and repair of

nose; dilation and curettage of

uterus (D&C); bilateral destruction or occlusion of fallopian

tubes; and excision of lesion of

skin or tissue, other than tissue

debridement.

Obstetrical procedures that

increased from 1983 to 1987

included cesarean section, repair

of current obstetric laceration,

fetal EKG and other fetal monitoring, artificial rupture of membraney and manually assisted

delivery.

For patients 45-64 years of age,

decreasing inpatient procedures

included cataract surge~, repair

of inguinal hernia; D&C; biopsy of

breast, skin, and subcutaneous

tissue; and excision of lesion of

skin or tissue, other than tissue

debridement.

Inpatient procedures that

increased for patients 45-64 years

of age included coronary angioplasty, cardiac catheterization,

puncture of vessel, procedures

auxiliary to open heart surgery,

and excision or destruction of

intemertebral disc and spinal

fusion.

The rate of inpatient cataract surgery for patients 65 years of age

and over dropped by almost 90

percent from 1983 to 1987.

Increasing inpatient procedures

for patients 65 years of age and

over included bypass anastomosis

for heart revascularization; cardiac

catheterization; puncture of vessel;

procedures am”liary to open heart

surgery biopsy on the digestive

system; arthroplasty and replacement of knee; and debridement of

wound, infection, and burn.

Inpatient surgery

From 1983 to 1987 discharges in

nor~-Federal short-stay hospitals

decreased by 5.4 million, from 38.8

million to 33.4 million (table 1). The

discharge rate fell 17 percent, from

1,669.6 to 1381.6 per 10,000 population. The number of inpatient

surgeries did not change significantly.

It was 26.2 million in 1983 and 25.7

million in 1987. Likewise, the rate of

inpatient surge~ per 10,000 population was not significantly different in

1983 (1,128.8) than in 1987 (1,061..6).

The average length of stay for

patients with a surgical procedure also

did not change significantly. It waa 7.0

days in 1983 and 6.6 days in 1987.

There was an increase in the proportion of hospitalized patients with atne

surgical procedure or more, from 45.1

percent in 1983 to 47.4 percent in

1987.

Age and sex

The number and rate of inpatient

surgery did not change significant~y for

males or females from 1983 to 1987

(table 2). For children under 15 yt:ars

of age, however, the number and rate

of inpatient surgery fell by a third, and

the decreases were similar for males

and females. Many of the surgical procedures commonly performed on

children are relatively uncomplicated

and thus are good candidates for

ambulatory surge~. Several studies

have found that children make more

use of ambulatory surgery programs

than other age groups (Ermann,

1988). Neither males nor females in

any other age group had a significant

change in the number or rate of inpatient surgical procedures.

In 1983 and 1987 the number and

rate of inpatient surgical procedures

were higher for females than for

males. Females had over 7.5 million

more surgeries and a 71-percent

higher rate of surgeries than males

each year. Females 1544 years of age

auxmnted for most of the differenc~

by sex. They had 6.8 million more procedures than males 15-44 years of age

in 1983, 7.3 miliion more in 1987. For

Tsblo 1. Number ●nd rste of discharges mid Inpathtt Surgariea: UnltOd%atea, 198347

[Oata are for non-Federel snort-stay hospflsls md exclude twwborn Infenfs]

/rfpe/&nf Irywdient

Year DLscfrarws surgerJes Dische@s Sur!pes

Number in ihOUSOndS Rate per 10,003 population

.

IQ = ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,7e3 1,689.6 1,128.8

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,162 %% 1,56s.1 1,091.5

198s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,058 24,789 1,478.9 1,048.2

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.256 25,041 1,431.2 1,046.2

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,387 25,655 1,361.6 l,C@31.6

.
Advance Data 3

Table 2 Number and rate of Inpatient surgeries by ●ge ●nd sex: United Stetes, 1983 ●id

1987

[Data are for non-FederaJ short-stay hospitals end exclude newborn infants]

Age and S8X 1983 1s67 1963 1s67

Number in thousends Rate per 10,000 populatbn

Allagas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,22U 25,655 1,126.8 1,C61.6

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,266 9,073 626.2 77s.7

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.953 16,563 1,411.4 1S29.8

Uncfer15years . . . . . . . . . . 1,766 1,195 348.1 228.1

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 725 402.4 270.1

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 471 287.2 164.0

15-44years ............ 12,556 12,577 1,154.1 1,101.6

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,666 2.640 534.2 468.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,691 9,937 1,757.0 1.719.3

4S64yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,aS6 5,45a 1,277.2 1,206.0

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,542 2,612 1,2Q1.8 1,208.9

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,144 2,647 1,345.4 1,205.2

66yeersandover . . . . . . . . 6,192 6,425 2,261.3 2,153.4

MsJs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.79a 3,097 2,545.4 2,655.3

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,394 3,328 2,070.8 1,878.5

f@lENumbwsmsy mtdd!otialsdua tommdiq.

both years the rate ofinpatientsurgeryfor females inthis age group was

more than three times the rate for

males.

Thispattemwas notrepeatedfor

the other agegroups. MaJesunder15

yearsofage hada greater number and

ahigher rateof inpatient surgical procedures than did females under 15

years of age in 1983 and 1987. The

rate of inpatient surgery was not significantly different for males and

females 45-64 years of age, but

females had a greater number of surgeries in 1983. Males 65 years of age

and over had a higher rate of inpatient

surgery than females in that age group

in 1983 and 1987, but females had a

greater number of surgeries in 1983.

Source of payment

Table 3 shows numbers and percent distributions of inpatient surgical

procedures by expected principal

source of payment and hospital bed

size. The frequency of inpatient surgeries was also examined for

geographic regions of the country and

by hospital ownership categories, but

no significant changes were found

from 1983 to 1987 for those characteristics.

The expected principal source of

payment for a surgical procedure is

usually entered on the patient’s medical record at the time of admission to

the hospital. It maybe somewhat different from the actual wurce of payment as determined after discharge

(NCHS, 1987).

Private insurance consists of

health insurance provided by nongovernmental sources, including Blue

Cross, other insurance companie% private industry, and philanthropic

organizations. The proportion of inpatient surgeries with private insurance

as the expected source of payment

decreased from 56.9 percent in 1983

to 51.8 percent in 1987. This decline

was primarily due to decreases of

more than 40 percent in the number

of operations on the eyq operations

on the ea~ and operations on the

nose, mouth, and pharynx. In spite of

the overall decline, the number of

operations on the cardiovascular system covered by private insurance

increased from 797,000 in 1983 to

1,171,000 in 1987.

The self-pay catego~ consists of

surgical procedures that are expected

to be paid for by patients or their families rather than by private insurance

or government programs. The proportion of surgeries in this category

increased by 21 percent, from 5.3 pereent in 1983 to 6.4 percent in 1987.

The increase was most marked for

operations on the cardiovascular system. The number of cardiovascular

operations in the self-pay category

almost doubled, from 55,000 in 1983

to 106,000 in 1987.

Changes from 1983 to 1987 in the

proportions of inpatient surgical procedures with Medicare or Medicaid as

the expected principal source of payment were not statistically significant.

Other payment sources increased from

4.8 percent to 6.8 percent of inpatient

surgeries. Other sources include

Workers’ Compensation, other government programs, no charge, and

sources that cmdd not be assigned to

any other category.

Hospital b“d size

A major change in the number of

inpatient surgeries by hospital bed size

categories from 1983 to 1987 was the

increase, by 23 million, in the number

of surgeries in hospitals with 2(X)-299

beds. This bed size category accounted

for 155 percent of inpatient surgeries

in 1983 but increased to 24.8 percent

in 1987. Most types of inpatient surgery increased in hospitals with

Table 3. Number ●nd percent dl$tributton of Inpatient surgerle$ by expeeted principal

source of payment and bed size: United Ststes, 1983 and 1987

[Data are for non-Fedarei sfmrl-stay hospWs and exclurA newborn infants]

Soums C/payment

arrdbsds&s lSW 1s67 1SU33 1987

Number in thousands Percerd distributbn

All expected prlnclpal

sources of payment . . . . . . 28,220 26,855 1(no 100.0

Prlvale insurance . . . . . . . . 14,931 13,294 51.8

Macticare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,836 6,793 E 28.5

Madicald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,014 2,162 7.7 8.5

Spay.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,389 1,653 5.3 6.4

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 1,733 4.8 6.8

All bedslzes . . . . . . . . . . . 28,220 25,655 lfxl.o 100.0

&r@ beds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,928 2,817 11.2 11.0

Ioo-lwb ems. . . . . . . . . . 4,853 3,125 18.5 12.2

2oo-299 beds . . . . . . . . . . 4,073 6.374 15,5 24.8

3C&499 beds . . . . . . . . . . 7,233 6,976 27.6 27.2

5C0beds orrrwe . . . . . . . . 7,133 6,361 27.2 24.6
4 Advance Data

200-299 beds, and the numbers of

operations on the cardiovascular system and obstetrical procedures more

than doubled from 1983 to 1987.

The number of inpatient surgeries

in hospitals with 100-199 beds

decreased by 1.7 million from 1983 to

1987. This bed size category accounted

for 18.5 percent of inpatient surgeries

in 1983, but only 12.2 percent in 1987.

The proportion of inpatient surgeries

in hospitals with 500 beds or more

also decreased, from 27.2 percent in

1983 to 24.8 percent in 1987. Hospitals in both of these size categories

experienced especially large decreases

in the numbers of operations on the

eye, operations on the ear, and operations on the female genital organs.

Surgical procedures

Decreasing procedures

The number and rate of inpatient

surgeries are shown in table 4 for 15

procedure categories. Nonsurgical procedures, listed in table II of

“Technical notes,” have been excluded

from the categories. From 1983 to

1987, there were statisticdy significant decreases in the numbers and

rates of procedures in four categories

operations on the eye; operations on

the ear; operations on the nose,

mouth, and pharynq and operations

on female genital organs.

The number of operations on the

eye decreased by more than a million,

and the rate decreased by 69 percent

from 1983 to 1987. The decrease was

mainly from a decline in cataract surgery, which is now commonly done on

arJ ambulatory basis (Shannon, 1985b).

Operations on the ear decreased

by almost 200,000 from 1983 to 1987,

and the rate decreased by 54 percent.

Myringotomy, which made up half of

ear operations in 1983, also has been

done with increasing frequenq on art

annbulato~ rather than an inpatient

basis (Ermann, 1988).

The number of operations on the

nose, mouth, and pharynx dropped by

566,000 from 1983 to 1987, and the

rate for the category decreased by 40

percent. Several procedures in this

category declined in the 5-year period,

such as rhinoplasty and repair of nose,

forceps extraction and surgical

removal of tooth, tonsillectomy, and

adenoidectomy. These are all relatively

uncomplicated procedures that could

be expected to be done on an ambulato~y basis.

Operations on the female genital

organs decreased almost as much as

eye operations. In 1987 there were

979,000 fewer inpatient surgical procedures on the female genital organs

than in 1983, and the rate of these

procedures decreased by 28 percent in

the 5-year period. Among the procedures in the category that decreased in

number were bilateral destruction or

occlusion of fallopian tubes, ionization

of cervb+ D&C, aspiration curettage of

uterus, and biopsy on the female genital organs. Again, these are procedures that could be expected to be

done on an ambulatory basis.

Increasing procedures

Two surgical categories increased

significantly from 1983 to 1981 operations on the cardiovascular system and

obstetrical procedures. L-J1987, 1.1

million more cardiovascular operiitions

were reported than in 1983, and the

rate of these operations increased by

56 percent.

Specific cardiovascular procedures

are shown in table 5. The first, open

heart surgery, includes operations on

the valves, sept~ and vessels of the

heart. It does not include removal of

coronary artery obstruction (coronary

angioplasty) or bypass anastomosis for

heart revascularization. In NHDS reprts for the years before 1986, these

two procedures were included in the

open heart surge~ category. When

they were excluded, the number and

rate of open heart surgeries did not

change significantly from 1983 to

1987.

Use of coronary angioplasty grew

dramatically from 1983 to 1987. The

number of procedures increasd by

158,000, and the 1987 rate was almost

seven times the 1983 rate.

Table 4. Number ●nd rate of Inpatient surgeries by surgical category LfnitedStates, 1983 and 1987

[Data are for non-FaderaJ shorl-stay I’rospttatsand axclude newborn Infantsi

Surgkal categoy arxl ICD-9-CM axle’ 1983 1967 1s9.9 19s7

Number In thousands Rate per 10,000 populutbn

Allsurgiced pnxeduras, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,zo 25,655 1,126.0 1,061.6

Operations onlhanwouss ysrem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. O1-05 646 563

Oparatbnson thaendocrtne syerem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..H7

27.9 23.3

105

Oparatbnson theaye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0s-16

106 4.5

1,656 2;

Oparaibnson thaaar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..16-20

497 67.1

372

Operatbnson thanma, mouth, andphrsrynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..21+9

176 16.0 7.3

1,486 930

Oparatbns ontherasplratory system... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...30-34

64,4

624

36.5

745

Oparatbns onthecardbvascular system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3549

26.9 30.8

1,636

Oparelkmso nthehemica ndtymphatic stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...40-41

2.978 79.0 123.2

Opara!!ons onthedlgestive system... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..42-S4

15.7 16.5

4,202 4,286

Oparatbns onthewlnarys ystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..65-59

380.9 177.4

1,073 1,063

Oparatbns onmalegenttal organs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...60-64

462

645

44.6

747

Opwatbns on femategenilal organs,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6S-71

36.4 30.9

3,649 2,870

Obstetrical prccadures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..72-75

16s.7 116.8

3,914 5,356

Operations onthemusculoskeletal syslem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76-s4

168.5 221.7

3,602 3,313

Operations onlhelntagumentary system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85-66

150.8 137.1

1,230 1,m 78.8 66.2

‘ ~m grUIP9 and code rumbeia am basedon the /tierr@lond Ckss/flc40n of OIseaws, ah %visicw Cf/tice/ Akd7cafiorr. &m teble II In “Technkd rides” for tmrmw-glcd prUMm

e%c!udd from each category.
Advance Data 5

Table 5. Number ●nd rat. of cardiovascular operations: Unitad States, 1983 and 1987

pata are for rmn-Fedemi shod-stay hospitak md exclude newborn Infanls]

Canjbvasculaf opemtbn arrd ICC-9-CM code’ lSW 1987 1983 I*7

Number in thousmds Rate per 10,000 ~pulafion

Allcardlovascular operate+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-9 1,636 2,978 79.0 123.2

Open ham-t surgery . .35.1-35.51,36.53-35.99, 36.2,36.9,37.10-37.11, 37.32-37.33,37.5 66 72 25

-mvdofmmn~tie~ohlmctbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...36.0

3.0

_m=toma&fwhe*mWul*t~s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...36.1

26 164 1.1 7.6

191 332 6.2

Cardbccafhefertratbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.21 +7.23

13.7

506 666 21.9

Pacamakerhsertbn, re@acement, rernovet, andrapak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.7+7.8

35.8

169 8.2

Pursxureofvassel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...36.9

9.7

147 331 6.3

Prcceduresauxlilarytoqmnhaartsurgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...39.6

13.7

56 239 2.4 9.9

‘Ru.dumgmufxandccdemmtmmam bmd0nltnti0fN!i0AUamlk4fi0ndlXeams,

%cbdosqxfatici-and ahavnlntabb.Smludea hDrmdiatysi.,c.c4W.S5.

mh RWISb-t alw hbdwu!lca

%mmbrordiochugA patbtiwith~anutomxls forlmarlrava=ukrlatbn was169,~lnlSt?3erd 24S,0001.1S+S7.

Bypass surgeries increased from

191,000 in 1983 to 332,000 in 1987. In

a growing number of cases, however,

more than one bypass has been reported for an individual patient. Bypass procedures using saphenous veins

and mammary artery grafts, which are

coded separately, are being done during the same operation. In 1983, the

191,000 bypass operations represented

188,000 discharged patient$ and in

1987, the 332,000 bypass operations

were on 245,000 discharged patients.

Thu% the number of discharges with

bypass operations increased 30 percent

horn 1983 to 1987.

The most common cardiovascular

procedure, cardiac catheterization,

increased by 358,000 from 1983 to

1987. The rate per 10,000 population

for this procedure was 63 percent

higher in 1987 (35.8) than in 1983

(21.9). In cmtrast, the frequency of

another common procedure category,

pacemaker insertion, replacement, removal, and repair, did not change signikantly during the 5-year period.

The number and rate of puncture

of vessel, which includes arterial and

venous catheterization and venous cutdown, more than doubled from 1983

to 1987. Procedures auxiliary to open

heart surgegr, mainly extracorporeal

circulation (use of a heart-Iung

machine), more than quadrupled.

These increases probably reflect increased reporting as well as actual

growth in the use of the procedures.

Obstetrical procedures increased

by 1.4 million from 1983 to 1987

(table 6), The rate of obstetrical procedures grew from 98.5 per 100 deliveries in 1983 to 137.0 per 100

deliveries in 1987. The majority of

these procedures were relatively routine procedures to assist deIivexy.

Episiotomy—with or without forceps

or vacuum extraction-accounted for

half of all obstetrical procedures in

1983 and a third in 1987. Neither the

number or the rate of episiotomies

changed significantly from 1983 to

1987. Artificial rupture of membranes,

however, more than doubled in frequency reported during the 5-year

period, and manually assisted delivery

was reported almost five times more

frequently in 1987 than in 1983.

Table 6. Numbar ●nd raw of obatefrical pro.coduras: United States, 1983 ●nd 1987

[DIMs are for non-Fadaral short-stay hcephls]

The cesarean section rate

increased from 20.3 per 100 deliveries

in 1983 to 24.4 per 100 deliveries in

1987. This was part of a long-term

upward trend in the use of cesarean

sections. The rate of cesarean sections

was 55 per 100 deliveries in 1970,

10.4 per 100 deliveries in 1975, and

16.5 per 1(XIdeliveries in 1980. Detailed studies of the increase in cesarean section rates have been published

(PIacek and Taffel, 198(3 Placek,

Taffel, and Moien, 198~ Taffel,

Placek, and Liss, 1987).

Repair of current obstetric laceration increased 40 percent, from 12.1

per 100 deliveries in 1983 to 16.9 per

100 deliveries in 1987. This procedure

has also been increasing in frequency

for some time. In 1970 the rate of obstetric laceration repairs was 5.9 per

100 deliveries in 1975 it was 7,2 per

100 deliveries and in 1980 it was 9.4

per 100 deliveries.

Use of fetaI EKG and fetal monitoring not otherwise specified

increased dramatically from 1983 to

1987. The number grew by 533,000,

and the 1987 rate per 100 deliveries

Cx3fefrfcal pmcedum end h2n-9a4 aid Is@ 1.967 1s93 1967

Number in thousands Rate per lIXI deliveries

Allobstetrbai procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-75 3,914 5,356 86.5 137.0

PIO@durasto eSSktdelivefy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-73 2.405

Epfsbtomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..721 .72.21 .72.31 .7z71.73.6

2,936 60.5 75.1

1,943

MWalmptur eofmembranes... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...73.0

1,633 46.9 46.9

207

Manuallyassiste ddelhfery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...73.5

476 5.2 12.2

Casarean sectbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74.0-74.2.74.4. 74.S9

404 2.0 10.3

s 953

Repelrofcurreni obstetrtolaceratbn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.%75.6

20.3 24.4

479 660

Fetal EKG and fetal monHorlng not otherwise speciflad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.3z 75.34

12.1 16.9

114

C4har Ot.LSt!3f*pMC41dUMS . . . . . .

647 2.9

.74.3, 74.91,75.0-75.31,75.33, 75.35, 75.4,75.7-75.9

16.5

106 161 27 4.1
6 Advance Data

was5.7 times the rate in 1983.The

rate of other miscellaneous obstetric

procedures also increased by more

than 50 percent from 1983 to 1987.

Surgical procedures by age

The number and rate of selectd

surgical categories and procedures are

shown by age group in tables 7–10.

The specific categories and procedures

were chosen because of large numbers

of occurrences or because of speciaJ

interest. Not every category or procedure shown changed in frequency

from 1983 to 1987, and not every significant change could be shown.

Under 15 years

Seven surgical categories

accounted for 86 percent of the inpatient surgery of children under 15

years of age in 1983, 84 percent in

1987 (table 7). These data exclude

surgeries performed on newborn infants. There were statistically significant decreases in the numbers and

rates for three of these categories in

the 5-year period: operations on the

ear; operations on the nose, mouth,

and pharymq and operations on male

genital organs.

The number of operations on the

ear decreased by 127,000, which was

primarily because of the decrease, by

107,OQO,in the number of myringotomies. The rate of myringotomies declined by 64 percent.

Children under 15 years of age

had 213,000 fewer inpatient operations

on the nose, mouth, and pharynx in

1987 than in 1983. Tonsillectomies

with or without adenoidectomies decreased by 120,000, and there were

37,000 fewer adenoidectomies without

tonsillectomies. The rate of adenoidectomies fell the most, 73 percent, while

the tonsillectomy rate decreased by

44 percent.

The number and rate of tonsillectomies have been declining for many

years (NCHS, 1984). In 1965,981,000

inpatient tonsillectomies were performed on children under 15 years of

age, which was a rate of 165.5 per

10,000 population. The rate decreased

25 percent from 1965 to 1970,31 percent from 1970 to 1975, and 34 percent from 1975 to 1980.

Operations on the male genital

organs declined by 56,000 from 1983

to 1987. The major decrease was in

circumcisions. Both the number and

rate of circumcisions in 1987 were half

what they had been in 1983. However,

newborn infants, who were- excluded

from these dat~ had a much krger

number of circumcisions,

approximately 1.2 million in 19.33 and

1987. Neither the number nor the rate

of circumcisions per 100 male newborn infants changed significantly in

the 5-year period.

Certain procedures within other

surgical categories ako decreased

from 1983 to 1987. The number and

rate of cardiac catheterizations for

children under 15 years of age fell by

more than 40 percent, even though the

total number of cardiac catheterizations increased during this period. The

number and rate of inpatient rejpa.irs

of inguinal hernias for children were

almost cut in half from 1983 to 1987.

Operations on muscles, tendons, fascia, and bursa decreased by 39 percent

in the 5-yeax period. None of the leading inpatient surgical procedures done

on children increased m frequency

from 1983 to 1987.

15-44 years

Six categories made up approximately 90 percent of the inpatient surgical procedures performed on

patients 1544 years of age (table 8).

From 1983 to 1987 there was a statistically significant increase in the

Table 7. Number and rate of Inpatient surgerleo for patients under 1S years of ●ge: United States, 1983 and 1987

[Data are for non-i%deral short-stay hospifak and excluda newborn Krfmtsj

Surgical calegwy and CD-9-CM awe’ 1983 1%7 lg~ 1987

Number in thousands Ffnfe pfx 10,000 populaflon

Allsurgical procedurasz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7s8 1,195 346.1 228.1

Operatbns on the ear, .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..18_20 220

hlynngotomy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2o.o

93 42.6 17.7

169

Operations onlhenose, mouth, and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...21-29

62 32.7 11.7

451

Tonsillectomy wtlh or wtthouf aclenoldeclomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28.2+8.3

236 637.3 45.4

279 159

AdenoWctomywi ttmuttonsjllsdomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2rj.8

54.1 30.3

50 13

Oparatbns onthecardbvascular syslem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..35+9

9.7 2.6

115

Cardiac cafheIerlzatbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.21 +7.23

98 22.2 18,7

32 19

Puncfureof vassel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..38.9

6.2 3.6

37 35

Oparatbns onthedigesttre system.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..42+4

7.3 6.6

255 211

Appendectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..47.0

49.5 40.3

75 86

Repalrof lnguinal hemla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53.0-63.1

14,5 12.7

61 42

Opera! bnsonmeie genkatorgans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...60-84

15.6 8.0

128 70

Orcilacfomya ndorchbpax.y.. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..62.W.5

24.5 13.3

27 19

Ctrcumctsxm, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ...84.0

5.2 3.7

26

Operatbns onlhemusculoskeletat system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...76-84

10.2 5.0

2Z 201

Reduclbn of fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.7, 79.0-79.6

48.8 38.4

100 86

@3ratIons on muscles, tendons, fasca and bursa . . . . , . . . . . . .62+3 .1, S3.3-63.9

19.4 16.4

41 25

Operatons ontflelntegumentary syetem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..65-86

7.9 4.8

121 95

Excimon or dastructmn of Iesbn or I&sue of skin or subcutaneous tissue . . . .68,2-88.4

23,5 18.2

51 36 9.!2 7.2

~Praedum grmqs @ co& rumbers we based on tlw 1,-renutioml ~titon of OIseases, Sfh Rw/s/on, CYIr4d Modffcdon, See table II In “Technical @&.” far nwcwglcd prueclures

excluded from each category.

‘I=bdes operations d W!mvn In table,
Advanca Data 7

Table 8. Number ●nd rate of Inpatfontsurgeries for patiente 15-44 years of age: UnitedStstes, 1983 and 1987

[DsMOfOfornon-Federal SllOft-SttLy hOS@td3]

Surgkd Cd9gory armCLM-CM code’ 1963 7987 1963 1*7

Number kI thousands Rate per 10,WO population

Atlsurgbal procAurae2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,556 12,577 1,154.1 1,101.6

Operatbnsorr tiwnasa,moufh,an dpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...21-29 68S 431 63.3

Fthtnoplastyandrepairofnose.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...21.8

37.7

166 69 17.3

Oparatbnsom thedQasttve s@srn .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42-54

7.8

1,432 1,401

APW’@~~Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...47.0

131.7 122.7

CMecystectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...51.2

165 166 15.1 16.3

167 199 15.4

Dktsbnofpertbnaaladhesbns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...54.5

17.4

160 16.5

Opetatbnsonthefemalegenitalorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6>71

17.0

2,915 2.2 267.9

Oophor*omyands alping-phorectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65.3-65.6

le3.7

314 276 28.9

Bihte~d=tm@bn ormlmbnMf~lo~ tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.2-66.3

24.2

564 413 51.9

Hysterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.W.7

36.2

440 4LM 40.4

Dllationandcuretfageofuterus.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...69.0

35.6

731 314 67.2

Obstetrkal procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-75

27.5

3,902 5,337 356.6

Operatbnsontlwmusculoskeletai system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...76-64

467.5

1,543 1,376 141.8

Openraductbnoffracture, oxceptjaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.79.79.2-79.3. 79.S79.6

120.5

162 m 14.9

ExcLsbnordasWucfbnoflntenfartebral dko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60.5,61.0

17.5

143 176 13.1

operatbnsonmuscles, tendons,fascla.and bursar . . . . . . . . . ..62-63.1, S3.3-63.9

15.4

190 15s 17.4

Operaliamonthelntegumentarysyslem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..65-66

13.6

740 642 66.0

Debrktemenlofwound, kWction, orbum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.22

*.2

66 137 7.9

Otharexctsbnor destructbnoflesbn ortissuae4sklnor suCcutaneOus

12.0

ItsSue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.21,66,2W36.4 192 9a 17.7 8.6

‘PlOcdumgrco!X Wlddmlllhmara tWedOnthD/dmshMlcWswUthC#a-, WIfWs*U/ti Mcdfla-%e tatde[lln%chii ndd’for-rgk.d pmmckms

mxcbdedfromaash u!qny.

%bc!aopratlcinnd dmmlntde.

number and rate for one category,

obstetrical procedures. The specific

procedures in this category were

shown intable6. Patients 1544 years

of age accounted for virtually all of the

obstetrical procedures.

Two surgical categories decreased

siqificantly from 1983 to 1987: operations on the nose, mouth, and pharynx

and operations on the female genital

organs. The number of operations on

the nose, mouth, and pharynx

decreased by 258,000, and the rate

decreased by 40 percent. A major part

of the decrease was from the decline

in rhinoplasty and repair of nose. The

1987 number and rate for this surgery

were less than half of what they had

been in 1983.

The number of operations on the

female genital organs for patients

15A4 years of age fell by 817,000

from 1983 to 1987. The rate decreased

by 31 percent. D&C declined 417,000,

and the rate of D&C’s decreased by

59 percent. Bilateral destruction or

occlusion of fallopian tubes also decreased significantljq 151,000 fewer

were performed in 1987 than in 1983,

and the 1987 rate was 30 percent

lower than the 1983 rate.

Within the category of operations

on the integumentary system, one type

of procedure, debridement of wound,

infection, or bum, increased sharply

for patients 154$ years of age. The

rate of this procedure rose 52 percent,

and the number was 51,000 higher in

1987 than in 1983. At the same time,

other excision or destruction of lesion

or tissue of skin and subcutaneous

tissue decreased sharply for this age

group. The rate was down 51 percent,

and the number decreased 94,000

from 1983 to 1987. The decreasing

procedures could be expected to have

become outpatient procedures

(Shannon, 1985c). The increase in debridements may reflect a change in

reporting practices.

4S-%4 years

For patients 45-64 years of age,

the seven surgical categories shown in

table 9 accounted for more than 80

percent of all inpatient surgical procedures. The number and rate of procedures in one category, operations on

the eye, decreased significantly from

1983 to 1987. The number was reduced by 179,000, and the rate declined 62 percent. Decreases in

cataract surgery-extraction of lens

and insefi”on of prosthetic lens—accounted for almost all of the decline in

eye surgery. The rates of these cataract surgeries, which are often done at

the same time, dropped 87 and 84

percent, respectively, from 1983 to

1987.

The number of operations on the

cardiovascular system- increased by

469,(XIOfrom 1983 to 1987, and the

rate increased by 60 percent. Most

striking was the increase in removal of

coronary artery obstruction (coronary

angiopIasty), which grew from 16,000

in 1983 to 104,000 in 1987. The 1987

rate for coronary angioplasty was 6.5

times the 1983 rate for patients 45-64

years of age.

The number and rate of bypass

anastomosis for heart revascukrization

also increased, but much of the growth

was because more than one procedure

was being reported per patient. The

number of discharged patients in this

age group who had bypass surgery was

lll,(XHI in 1983 and 121,(K)0in 1987,

which was not a statistically significant

increase.

Cardiac cat heterization increased

by 163,000, and the rate of this procedure was 56 percent higher in 1987

than in 1983. The number and rate of

puncture of vessel reported for patients 45–64 years of age more than

doubled, and the number and rate of

procedures auxiliary to open heart

surgery reported in 1987 were four

times the number and rate reported in

1983.

Besides cardiovascukr procedures,

another specific procedure that increased for the group 45-64 years of
8 Advance Data

Table 9. Number ●nd rate of Inpatient surgeries for patients 45-64 years of age: United States, 1983 and 1987

[Data era for non-Federal short-stay hospitals]

Sur@al cefegory and CD-9-CM code’ 1983 1967 1963 lf967

Atlsyrgical proceduresz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operations onthaeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0a16

ExfratibnoflenS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..13.I-lM

Insertbnofprosthetlc lens.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...13.7

Operatbnsonthecardbvaeculareysfem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..35-3g

Removalofcoronaryerteryobetructbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3&o

WWan=tom~sfor~Mr~=ulmM9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..36.I

Cardlaccatheterizatbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.21+7.23

Punctureofvassal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..w3.9

Procaduresauxlllatytoopenhaarf surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...39.6

Oparationsonthedigesttvesystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..42+4

Reseclbn oftntestlne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..45.H5.8

Cholacysteclomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...51.2

Repairof~gulnalhem&r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..53.0-S3.1

BbpslesonthedigestNesyslem4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operatbnsontheurlnarysys!em. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Oparatbnsonthefemalegeniial organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6S71

Oophorectomyandsalplngo-oophoracfomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65&65.6

)-tysferecfom y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.3+6.7

Dllatbnmdcureffageofuterus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...69.0

Oparatbnsonthemusculoskalatal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...76-64

Parfialexcisbnofbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.2-76.3,77.6-77.8

Opanraductbn offracture, excepIjaw. . . . . . . . ., . . . . .76.79, 79.2-79.3,79.6-79.6

Exc!sbn ordastrucfbn oflntewertebrai dbcendsplnalfusbn . . . . . . . . ...60.5.81.0

Operatbnson muscles,tendons, fascia.andbursa . . . . . . . . . ...62-63.1.3.3.3-63.9

Operationslnthelntegumentarysystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65-66

Bbpsbeofbreast, skin, sndsukufarreousttssue . . . . . . . . . . . ..S5.11-6S.12. 66.11

DebrtUemenlofwound, lnfactbrr, orbum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.22

Othar exclsbn or destruction of Iastorror &sue of skin or subcufanmus

USA.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.21. 66.23-66.4

Numbertnthousands

5,666 5,458

295 116

106 14

62 13

753 1.222

16 104

112 170

277 440

36 91

29 116

1,170 1,136

57 76

162 163

155

142

2e9

665

153

160

166

906

64

66

69

116

5s9

60

46

W

147

306

535

163

4W

46

871

70

66

133

91

434

45

67

141 56

Rateper l0,000populatbrr

1,2772

66.4

23.8

16.3

Iee.1

3.5

25.2

62.3

8.2

6.4

262.9

12.9

36.4

34.8

31.9

67.1

153.6

34.3

40.4

37.4

203.6

16.8

15.3

19.9

26.1

125.6

17.9

10.3

31.7

1,206.0

25.5

3.1

2.9

270.0

22.9

37.7

97.2

20.1

25.7

251.0

16.7

36.1

E:

67.5

“116.3

36.1

41.6

10.7

“179.3

15.4

19.1

29.3

20.0

e5.8

9.9

14.6

12.9

‘ProcOdwegrcupa andscderurrkem uetwedmthe /rtet-Mt/oM/cMsa%8rlcod~, 6thRwls&,Cllticd A4dlkdon.aee tebhllln”’’rechrkat notes-for

exchddfmmesch setqory.

‘Inchdesoprs! ihmrialshownln lsble.

%herumberofdbchsrgcd palientswlthbypsaanasi-ls fortmul —Iarlrallwczwss 111,000 In lS& srd 121,fXU In 19S7.

4tCCW-CM codes 42.24, 44.14+4.15, 45.1-.15,45.25-45.27, 4S.24-49.28, 4S.2+49.23, 50.11-50.12,51.12-51 .13, 5211-52.12,54.22-54.23.

- rgid

agewas excision or destruction ofint&vertebral disc and spinal fusion. The

number increased from 89,000 in 1983

to 133,000 in1987.

Certain other procedures

decreased significantly inthe5-year

period.Thenumber ofrepairofinguinal hernia was reduced by 56,000, and

the rate for the procedure fell 37 percent. The rate of D&C was down 71

percent, and the number decreased by

118,000. There were 35,000 fewer biopsiesof breast, skin, and subcutaneous tissue done on an inpatient basis,

and therate for these biopsies

decreased by 45 percent. The number

of other excision or destruction of

lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous tissue deelined by83,000, and the

rate deereased 59 percent.

65 years and over

Seven surgical categories that

accounted for more than 80 percent of

the inpatient surgical procedures performed on patients 65 years of age

andover arepresentexl in table 10. As

was thecase forpatients 45-64 years

of age, operationson the eye

decreased significantly from 1983to

1987, and operations on the cardiovascular system increased significantly.

The number of operations on the

eyc performed on inpatients 65 years

of age and over decreased by 831,000

in the 5-year period. The deeline in

eye surgery was almost all from decreases in cataract surgeries. The rate

of lens extraction fell 90 percent, and

the rate of insertion of prosthetic lens

dropped 88 percent from 1983 to

1987.

The number of operations on the

cardiovascular system increased by

602,000 in the 5-year period. The

number and rate of bypass anastomosis for heart revascularization more

than doubled. The number of

discharged patients 65 years of age

and over who had one or more bypass

procedures increased from 66,000 in

1983 to 117,000 in 1987, and the rate

rose 63 percent during this period.

The number of cardiac catheterizations increased by 190,000 from

1983 to 1987, and the rate for the procedure more than doubled. As was the

case for patients 45-64 years of age,

the number and rate of puncture of

vessel reported for patients 65 years of

age and over more than doubled from

1983 to 1987. The number and rate of

procedures auxiliary to open heart

surgery reported in 1987 were five

times those reported for 1983.

Among other specific surgical procedures that increased from 1983 to

1987 was biopsy of the digestive system, which grew by 76,000. In addition, the rate of arthroplasty and

replacement of knee almost doubled,

and the number of this procedure increased by 47,000.

Like patients 154.4 years of age,

patients 65 years of age and over were

reported to have a significant increase

in debridement of wound, infection, or

burn. The number of these procedures

increased by 45,000, and the rate for

the elderly was 58 percent higher in
Advance Data 9

Table 10. Number ●nd rate of hpatfant surgeries for patients 65 years of age and ovec United States, 1983 and 1987

[Dafa are for non-Federal slmrt-sfay hospttab]

Surgw Cafegoly and CO-MX4 code’ 1963 1=7 1s%3 1967

Allsurglcal procadumsz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Opemtbnsontheeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-fJ6-16

~mctkmofbns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-..13.1-13.6

Insertbnofprosfhetblens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -.-..-.-.13.7

Oparafbrrsonthec-srdiovascular system . . . . . ...35-39

BypassanasfornosiefOrhWtravSSCulrlI’&Itb;4 :: :: :: :: :: :::::::: . . . ..=.1

Cardhccathetertzatlom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.21+7.23

Pacamaker!+merfbn, raplacamenl, remewit, repak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...37.7-37.8

Punctureofvassel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-......38.9

ProceduresauxllWiuytoopenhetisurgerY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...39.6

Operationsonthedlgesllvesystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42-54

Resecfbnoflntestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..45.~5.8

Cholacysteclomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-....51.2

Repairoflnguirral hamia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s3.0+3.1

t3bpsbsonthedigesttvesystem4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operatbnsonlheurlnarysystem.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

TransurethralexcLskXr ordesfnJcflOn ofbladdartk$ue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..57’.4

0p9mtbnsorrthemalegenlfalorgans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-..60-64

Pros!atactomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. .60.2+.6

opaatlomsonthemusculoskelet~system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..7~

iWdWtbilOftMCfUm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76.70~.o-~.6

Mhroplastymdrs@amnentofktWa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81.41-61.47

Mhroplastyandreplacementofhlp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..61.~1.6

0peratbnaontheintagurnentarysy3tanr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- -.65-66

MbtimentofwtiM, hf*W,Whm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...86.22

Otharexclsbnordestructbrr oflasbnortis.sueof sidnorsuboutmeous

tk9W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.2136.23+3.4

NumMrlnthou.sarWi

6,192 6,425

1,077 246

501 57

427 54

759 1,361

67 152

136 328

150 174

51 140

18 107

1,344 1,540

133 153

166 172

140 111

189 265

423 448

69 76

410 U2

274 318

611 924

175 220

41 66

118 161

410 430

63 106

101 61

Rate r)er10.000D09ulation

2,261.3

383.2

162.8

156.0

277.0

24.6

SO.4

54.8

16.6

6.6

490.7

46.6

57.0

51.1

69.1

164.4

32.6

149.6

99.9

296.3

63.8

14.9

42.9

149.9

22.9

2,153.4

62.4

19.0

18.0

456.2

51.1

109.8

56.4

46.9

35.7

516.0

51.3

57.7

37.3

89.0

150.0

25.4

148.2

IM.7

309.6

73.6

29.7

53.9

144.0

36.2

37.0 ‘20.6

1987thanin1983. Atthesametime,

other excision or destruction oflesion

ortissue ofskin and subcutaneous

tissuedeereased. Thenumberfellby

40,000,andtherate decreasedby44

percent.

Summary

The procedures that decreasedin

frequeneyfor inpatients from 1983to

1987wereones either that have been

reported to be performd in growing

numbers in ambulatory settings, or

that have the characteristics (such as

short duration, minimal bleeding, and

low complication rates) of procedures

that could be done on an ambulatory

basis (Ermann, 1988). Thus, the decreasesin thenumber of these procedures performed on inpatients

probably does not indicate a decrease

in the total number performed.

The increases in inpatient procedures had several possible explanations. Increases in relatively minor

procedures such as manually assisted

delivery or debridement of wound,

infection, or burn probably were from

increased reporting rather than sudden

growth in the use of these procedures.

The implementation of the prospective

payment system based on DRG’s was

eqxcted to result in more complete

reporting of secondaxy diagnoses and

procedures (Cohen, Pokras, Meads,

and Krushat, 1987). More detailed

reporting could result in more favorable reimbursement rates for Medieare patients, and if doctors and

hospitals changed their reporting practices for patients covered by Medieare,

they were likely to change it for other

patients as well (Schramm and Gabel,

1988).

In addition, NHDS data collection

procedures changed in 1985 when part

of the data began to be purchased

from commercial abstracting services

(see “Technieal notes”). A greater

number of procedures per patient

have been reported for hospitals using

the commercial abstracting services

than for the other hospitals in the

survey.

Some procedures (for example,

coronary angioplasty and use of fetal

monitoring) were probably increasing

rapidly from 1983 to 1987 because

they were in the process of changing

from relatively new procedures done

on a limited basis to commonly used

procedures. However, reasons for the

rapid increases in some procedures

(such as, coronary bypass and arthroplasty and replacement of knee for

patients 65 years of age and over) are

not readily apparent and may be cause

for concern for health policymakers.
Advance Data 11

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American College of Surgeons. 1988.

Sacio-Economic Factbook for Sqyy, 1988.

Chicago. American College of Surgeons.

Cohen, B. B., R. Pokras, M. S. Meads, and

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Guterman, S., P. W. Eggers, G. Riley, et

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Health Statistics. No. 159 (Rev.). DHHS

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major battle over market for outpatient

surgery. Modem Healthcare 14(12):82-92.

Place& P. J., and S. M, Taffel. 1980.

Trends in cesarean section rates for the

United States, 197&78. Public Heaith Rep.

95(6): 540-8.

Placek, P. J., S. M. Taffel and M. Moien.

1988.1986 c-section risq VBAC inch upward. Am. J. Public Health 78(5):562-3.

Public Health SeMce and Health Care

Financing Administration. 1980. In&rnational Classi~cah.on of Diseases, 9th Revisio~ Clinical Modification. DHHS Pub.

No. (PHS) 80-1260. Public Health Setvice.

Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

Schramm, C. J., and J. Gabel. 1988. Prospective payment, some retrospective obsewations. N. Engl. J. Med.

31~( 25):1681-2.

Shannon, K 1985a. Outpatient surge~ up

77 percent: Data. Hospitals 59(10):54.

Shannon, K 1985b. Outpatient surgery

owes all to technolo~. Hospitals 59(10):56.

Shannon, K 1985c. Maximtilng outpatient

surge~ could cut 600 million patient days

yearly. Hoqpirak 59(10):61.

Taffel, S. M., P. J. P1acek, and T. L. Liss.

1987. Trends in the United States cesarean

section rate and reasons for the 1980-85

rise. Am J. Public Heaith 77(8):955-9.
Advance Data 13

Technical notes

Sufvey methodology

Source of data

The National Hospital Discharge

Survey (NHDS) encompasses patients

discharged from short-stay hospitals,

exclusive of militruy and Veterans Administration hospitals, located in the

50 States and the District of Columbia. Only hospitals with six beds or

more and an average length of stay of

less than 30 days for all patients are

included in the sumey. Discharges and

surgical procedures of newborn infants

are excluded from this report.

The original universe for the survey consisted of 6,965 hospitals contained in the 1963 National Master

Facility Inventory. New hospitals were

sampled for inclusion in the sumey in

1972,1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1983,

and 1985. In all, 553 hospitals were

sampled in 1983; 558 were sampled in

1987. Of these, 78 hospitals refused to

participate in 1983, and 92 refused in

1987. Another 57 hospitals in 1983

and 66 hospitals in 1987 were out of

the ape of the survey either because

they had closed or because they did

not meet the definition of a short-stay

hospital. In 1983, the 418 participating

hospitals provided approximately

206,01M abstrac~ which cxmtained

data on 130,000 surgical procedures.

In 1987, 4W participating hospitals

supplied 181,000 abstracts that

included data on 128,000 surgical procxxlures.

Sample design and data collection

All hospitals with 1,000 beds or

more in the universe of short-stay hospitals were selected with certainty in

the sample. AU hospitals with fewer

than 1,000 beds were stratified, the

primary strata being 24 size-by-region

classes. Within each of these primary

strat~ the allocation of the hospitals

was made through a controlled selection technique so that hospitals in the

sample would be properly distributed

with regard to type of ownership and

geographic division. Sample hospitals

were drawn with probabilities ranging

from certain~ for the largest hospitals

to 1 in 40 for the smallest hospitals.

The within-hospital sampling ratio for

selecting sample discharges varied inversely with the probability of selection of the hospital.

In 1985, for the first time, two

data collection procedures were used

for the survey. The first was the traditional manual system of sample discharge selection and data abstraction.

The second involved the purchase of

data tapes from commercial abstracting services. In 1987 this automated

method was used in approximately 17

percent of the sample hospitals.

In the manual procedure hospitals, sample discharges were selected

using the daily listing sheet of

discharges as the sampling frame.

These discharges were selected by a

random technique, usually based on

the terminal digit or digits of the patient’s medical record number. The

sample selection and abstraction of

data from the face sheets and

discharge summaries of the medical

records were performed by the hospital staff or by representatives of the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS). The completed forms were

forwarded to NCHS for mding, editing, and weighting procedures.

For the automated procedure hospitals, tapes containing machinereadable medical record data

were purchased from commerical abstracting services. These tapes were

subject to NCHS sampling, editing

and weighting procedures.

The medical abstract form and the

abstract servix data tapes contain

items relating to the personal characteristics of the patient, including birth

dat~ sex, race, and marital status (but

not name and address); administrative

information including admission and

discharge dates, discharge status, and

medical record number and medical

information, including diagnoses and

surgical and nonsurgical procedures.

Since 1977, patient zip code, expected

source of payment, and dates of procedures have been collected. The medical record number and patient zip

code are considered confidential information and are not available to the

public.

Presentation of estimates

Statistics produced by NHDS are

derived by a complex estimating procedure. The basic unit of estimation is

the sample inpatient discharge. The

estimating procedure used to produce

unbiased national estimates in NHDS

has three principal components inflation by reciprocals of the probabilities

of sample selection, adjustment for

nonresponse, and ratio adjustment to

f~ed totals. These components of estimation are described in appendix I of

two earlier publications (NCHS,

1%7% 1967b).

Based on umsideration of the

compkx sample design of NHDS, the

following guidelines are used for presenting NHDS estimates in this report:

● If the sample size is less than 30,

the value of the estimate is not

reported. Only an asterisk (*) is

shown in the tables.

. If the sample size is 30-59, the

value of the estimate is reported

but should be used with caution.

The estimate is preceded by an

asterisk ~) in the tables.

Standard errors and rounding of

numbers

The standard error is a measure

of the sampling variability that occurs

by chance because only a sample,

rather than an entire universe, is surveyed. The relative standard error of

the estimate is obtained by dividing

the standard error by the estimate itself and is expressed as a percent of

the estimate. Relative standard errors

NCYIE See Iistof mfercnccs follcnvingthe text.

Tablo L Approxirnato roiativo standard

●om for tho number of surgieai

proeufures: United Sates, 19S3 ●nd 1987

S&s cfmthrde lW 19E7

5,003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 18.3

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 15.3

25,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~o.9 124

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 10..9

IM)OOOO. . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 9.4

2EQ00.. . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 8.0

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.2

l, OCO,OOO. . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.5

2,500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.8

5,000030. . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 5.3

Io,om,m . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 49

25,000.020 . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.5
14 Advance Data

for numbers of surgical procedures

are shown in table I for 1983 and

1987.

Estimates have been rounded to

the nearest thousand. For this reason,

figures within tables do not always add

to the totals. Rates were calculated

from original, unrounded figures and

will not necessarily agree precisely

with rates calculated from rounded

data.

Tests of significance

In this report, the determination

of statistical inference is based on the

two-tailed Bonferroni test for multiple

comparisons using a 0.05 level of significance. Terms relating to

differences, such as “higher” and

“less,>’indicate that the differences are

statistically significant. Terms such as

“similar” and “no difference” mean

that no statistically significant difference exists between the estimates being compared. A lack of comment on

the difference between any two estimates does not mean that the diff~rence was tested and found to be not

significant.

Definitions of terms

Age—Age refers to the age of the

patient on the birthday prior to admission to the hospitaI inpatient service.

Bed size of hospital—Bed size is

measured by the number of beds,

cribs, and pediatric bassinets regularly

maintained (set up and staffed for

use) for patients. Bassinets for newborn infants are not included. Bed size

is reported by the hospitals based on

the number of beds at or near midyear.

Dirchqe-A discharge is the formal release of a patient by a hospital;

that is, the termination of a period of

hospitakation by death or disposition

to place of residence, a nursing home,

or another hospital. The terms “discharge” and ‘(patients discharged” are

used synonymously.

Dirchqge rate—The ratio of the

number of hospital discharges during

a year to the number of people in the

civilian population on July 1 of that

year is the discharge rate.

Expected principal source of paymenf-The expected principal source

of payment is reported by the patient

or the patient’s representative at the

time of admission. In this report, payment sources are grouped as follows:

o

0

0

al

0

Private insurance-Private insurance is provided by nongovernmental sources, including Blue

Cross and other insurance companies, private indust~, and philanthropic organizations.

Medicaw-Medicare is a nationwide program providing health

insurance protection to people 65

years of age and over, people eligible for Social Security disability

payments for more than 2 years,

and people with end-stage renal

disease.

Medicaid-Medicaid is a joint

Federal-State program that provides benefits for people, including

the elderly, who meet their State’s

definition of “low income.”

Se~-pqv-The self-pay category

mnsists of patients who expect the

costs of hospitalization to be paid

for primarily by themselves,

spouses, parents or next of kin.

Other-Other sources include

Workers’ Compensation and other

government programs, such as

CI-L4MPUS (for dependents of

military personnel); other nonprofit sources, such as church welfare; hospitalizations for which

there was no charge; and sources

that could not be assigned to any

other category.

HospitaJ-Hospit al refers to shorts[ay general and special hospitals that

have six beds or more for inpatient

use and an average length of stay of

less than 30 days. Military and Veterans Administration hospitals are not

included.

Patient—A patient is a person who

is formally admitted to the inpatient

service of a short-stay hospital for observation, care, diagnosis, or treatment. The number of patients r[efers

to the number of discharges during

the year including multiple discharges

of the same individual from one or

more short-stay hospitals. All newborn

infants, defined as those admitted by

birth to the hospital, are excludrd

from this report. The terms patient,

inpatient, and discharge are used synonymously.

Population —The population estimates used in computing rates are

from published and unpublished estimates of the U.S. civilian population

on July 1 of the data year. These estimates are provided by the U.S. :Bureau of the Census and are consistent

with population estimates published in

Current Population Re~m, Series

P-25.

Rate of su@xlprocedures--The

ratio of the number of surgical procedures during the year to the number

of persons in the civilian population on

July 1 of that year determines the rate

of surgical procedures.

Su?@xlproceduw-A surgical

procedure is a surgical operation listed

by the physician on the medical record

of a patient discharged from the inpatient semice of a short-stay hospital. In

the NHDS, all terms listed on the face

sheet of the medical record under captions such as operation, operative procedures, operations and/or special

treatments are transcribed in the order

listed. A maximum of four 4-digit

codes are assigned per sample discharge according to the Internatiomri

Classification of Diseases, 9th Reviswn,

Clinical Modification (lCD-9-CM)

(Public Health Service and Health

Care Financing Administration, :1980).

Although both surgical and nonsurgical procedures are coded, nonsurgical procedures are excluded from

this report. Table II shows the ntmsurgical codes that are excluded.

NOTE See list of references following the text.
Advance Data 15

Tablo IL Cod. numbers for procedure c8tegor1esand nonsurgical procedures ●xcludod from each category

[Basedon thelnhwnaih?nalClass#7cLUkfrof D&seuses,m Revisbrr,ClhW ModWkat~

~ure rxtegay Cmqwly cam Norrwgk2# codes exclwed

Operatbnson thanarvoussystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oparatbnson theendocrina syslam. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oparatbnson thaaye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oparatbnsonttleaar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operatbnson thanoaa, nwth, and@wynx . . . . . . .

Qwatbnsonth emspiratorysy stem..... . . . . . . . .

Operatbnson thecardiovasculars Yates. . . . . . . . . .

Oparatbnson thehamkand lyrnphatksy%tem . . . . . .

Oparatbrts onthadigestMe system... . . . . . . . . . . .

Oparatirxw onttwurkwry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Opwatbnsonthamalege nitalorgens.. . . . . . . . . . .

Oparatbnson thafemalegenltal organa. . . . . . . . . . .

Obstetrkat procaduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oparalbns on the musculcskeletal sy%tem . . . . . . . . .

Operatbns on the Inlegumantary system . . . . . . . . . .

M&MSIWOUS diagnostk and W3fa@rtlC PIzXYMIK8S . .

01-05

%%

16-ZII

21-29

35-39

4(H1

42-54

m

M

65-71

72-75

76-64

8!s-66

87-39

a3.31

11.21,1221,14.11,16.22

m.31

29.11

31.41 -31.42,33.21 -33.23,34.21-34.22

39.9s

42214223,44.1144.13,45.1 145.13,45.21 -45.24,46.21-46.22,51.1 1,54.21

55.21+5.22, 56.31,57.31-57.32, S3.21*.Z

60.19

66.1143.12,70.22

60.20-60.29

87.01-99.99
16 Advance Data

Recent Issues of Advance Data From Vital and Heafih Statistics

No. 168. Health Characteristics of No. 166. AIDS Knowledge and Atti- No. 164 AIDS Knowledge and AttiWorkers by Occupation and Sex: tudes of Hispanic Americans (Issued tudes for September 1988 (Issued

United States, 1983-85 (Issued April April 11, 1989) January 3, 1989)

25, 1989) No. 165. AIDS Knowledge and Atti- No. 163. AIDS Knowledge and AttiNo. 167. AIDS Knowledge and Atti- tudes of Black Americans (Issued tudes for August 1988 (Issued

tudes for October and November 1988 March 30, 1989) December 15, 1988)

(Issued April 19, 1989)

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics, L. J. Kozak.

1989. Hospital inpatient surgery United States,

1903-S7, Advance Data From Vilal and Heath

Lk?tistica. No. 169. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) S9-1250.

Public Health Sewice. Hyattsville, Md.

Copyright information

This report may be reprinted without further

permission.
Number 170 . May 26, 1989

Advance

Data

From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics

Aging in the Eighties: The Prevalence of Comorbidity

and Its Association With Disability

Jack M. Guralnik, M. D., Ph. D., Andrea Z. LaCroix, Ph.D., Donald F. Everett, M.S., National

Institute on Aging, and Mary Grace Kovar, Dr.P.H., Office of Vital and Health Statistics Systems,

National Center for Health Statistics

Introduction

It is frequently stated that

the coexistence of multiple

chronic conditions, referred to

here as comorbidity, is common

in the older population. It is

also assumed that comorbidity

puts a special burden on older

people that affects their overall

health status and functional

disability. Although these

perceptions are supported by

the experiences of those

providing care to older patients,

there has been little work to

systematically evaluate the

prevalence, specific patterns,

and impact of comorbidity in

community-dwelling representative older populations.

The prevalence of comorbidity at the time of death has

been documented using

multiple cause-of-death data

from U.S. mortality statistics. In

1979, more than one cause of

death was noted on 73 percent

of all death certificates, with

33 percent of deaths attributed

to two causes, 25 percent to

three causes, and 16 percent to

four causes or more (l).

Multiple cause-of-death data

have also been produced for

other years and show an

increase during this century in

the proportion of deaths

attributable to more than one

cause. More than one cause of

death was reported in 35

percent of deaths in 1917, with

this percent rising to 60 percent

in 1955 and 73 percent in

1979 (1). This increase is likely

due to an increase in the

average age at death, to fewer

‘Israel RA, Rosenberg HM, Curtin

LR. Analytic potential for multiple

cause-of-death data. Am J Epidemiol

124:? 61–79. 1986.

deaths resulting from acute,

infectious diseases, and to more

complete diagnosis and

reporting of causes of death.

Using National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS) data,

Rice and T-aPlante (2) evaluated the occurrence of multipIe

chronic conditions responsible

for people’s being limited in

activity. There were about 1.4

chronic conditions reported in

1969–71 and about 1.6 conditions reported in 1979–81 for

each person 65 years of age and

older who was limited in

activity. The average was higher

than for those under age 65, but

2Rice DP, LaPlante MP. Chronic illness, disability, and increasing longevity. In Sullivan S, Lewin ME, eds.

The economics and ethics of longterm care and disability. Washington:

American Enterprise Institute for

Public Policy Research. 1988.

pp. 9-55.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Naticnal Centerfor Health Statist:cs

Public Health Service Manning Feinleib, M. D., Dr. P.H., Director

Centers for Disease Control
2 AdvanceData

there was no trend with age

among those 65 years of age

and over.

This report will first present

information on the prevalence

and coprevalence of nine

common chronic conditions in a

national sample of persons

60 years of age and older. The

impact of comorbidity will then

be assessed by estimating the

prevalence of disability in

activities of daily living according to the number of conditions

present.

Materials and methods

The National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS) is the

National Center for Health

Statistics’ large continuing

survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the

United States. Each year,

people in about 42,000 households are interviewed by U.S.

Bureau of the Census interviewers to obtain information about

their health and use of health

care. Demographic information

that is needed to interpret the

data is also obtained. The

interviewers have special

training for this survey, in

addition to their regular

training, and response rates are

high—about 97 percent. The

only item with a relatively low

response rate is family income.

In 1984 a special supplement was added to the questionnaire to obtain information

about older people who were

living in the community (3).

This supplement, the Supplement on Aging (SOA), was

designed to collect information

about chronic conditions,

physical limitations, housing,

retirement status, interactions

with family and organizations,

use of community services, and

other health-related and social

information about people ‘

middle-aged and older. All

household members 65 years of

age and over and a one-half

sample of those 55-64 years of

age were asked the questions

on the supplement themselves

when possible. Another

household member was

interviewed only when the

selected person was unable

answer either because of

to

physical or mental problems or

because of being away from the

household for a longer period

than the interviewer would be

in the area. Response rates to

the SOA were also high;

95 percent of the people

selected from the NHIS sample

had complete interviews with

the SOA. Overall, 91.5 percent

of the SOA sample responded

for themselves. There were

16,148 persons interviewed in

the SOA. The analyses presented here are for the 13,807

individuals 60 years of age and

3Fitti JE, Kovar MG. The supplement

on aging to the 1984 National Health

Interview Suwey. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat.

1(21). 1987.

older, representing an estimated

37.3 million noninstitutionalized

persons in this age range in the

United States in 1984.

All estimates in this report

are based on the national

estimates. All estimated

variances and tests of significance take the complex sample

design into account. The

authors have taken care not to

make statements about differences unless it is likely that the

same differences would be

found using the same techniques in a complete census.

The list of chronic conditions used in the SOA was

designed by selecting those

conditions most prevalent

among older people from the

condition lists on the NHIS.

Each participant was asked

whether he or she had each

condition. For 13 conditions,

participants were asked if they

had ever had the condition. For

5 conditions (arthritis, diabetes,

aneurysm, blood clots, and

varicose veins), participants

were asked if they had the

condition in the past 12

months. For the purpose of this

repo~ the cataract category

includes those saying they

currently have a catarac~ have

had surgery for a cataract or

have had a lens implant for a

cataract. Heart disease was

considered present in those who

reported they had ever had

coronary heart disease, angina

pectoris, a myocardial

infarction, or any other heart
Advance Data 3

attack. Osteoporosis and hip

fracture were combined into

one category.

The prevalence of comorbidity is related to the length of

the list of possible comorbid

conditions. For the purpose of

the analyses in this reporg onIy

nine common chronic conditions are considered. A longer

list of conditions would

obviously lead to a higher

prevalence of comorbidity. One

of the methodologic problems

that makes the study of specific

patterns of comorbidity difficuIt

is that the number of combinations of conditions can grow

very Iarge. Even using this

restricted list of 9 common

conditions, there are 36 possible

pairs of co-occurring conditions.

If rarer conditions were

incIuded, the number of

possible combinations would be

much Iarger and the number of

people in each cell would

become too small for useful

analysis.

If two conditions are

independent, their expected

coprevalence is the product of

their individual prevalence

rates. For example, the expected coprevalence of arthritis

and hypertension is

(.490)(.418)(100) = 20.5

percent. The observed coprevalence of two conditions was

compared with the expected

coprevalence, which was

calculated on the assumption of

independence of the conditions.

The percent difference was

.-. .

calculated using the formula:

((Observed - Expected)/

Expected) X 100

The SOA included questions

on six activities of daily living

(ADL): bathing or showering,

dressing, eating, getting in and

out of bed or a chair, walking,

and using the toilet. Participants

were first asked if they had

difficulty performing each of

these activities. Those reporting

difficulty were then asked how

much difficulty and whether

they received help from another

person. This report provides

information, according to the

number of chronic conditions,

on the proportion of people

who have cWGcultywith one or

more of these activities and the

proportion receiving help from

another person to perform one

or more of the activities.

Because the questions on

ADL’s were asked separately

from the questions on chronic

conditions, the reader should

not infer that these are necessarily the conditions that cause

the ADL difficulty.

Prevalence of chronic

conditions

The prevalence of the nine

common self- or proxy-reported

chronic conditions or groups of

conditions in those 60 years of

age and older that are considered in these analyses are

shown in the foHowing list.

(Alzheimer’s disease was on

list; but because less than

the

0.5 percent of respondents @

their proxies reported this

condition, it was not included in

these analyses.)

Percent of

Condit!on population

Arthritis . . . . . . . . . 49.0

Hypertension . . . . . 41.8

Cataracts . . . . . . . . 19.9

Heatl disease . . . . 14.0

Varicose veins . . . . 9.9

Diabetes . . . . . . . . 9.5

Cancer (except

nonmelanoma

skin cancer) . . . . . 6.6

Osteoporosis or

hip fracture . . . . . . 5.5

Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4

Prevalence of comorbidity

The proportion of the

population with none of the

nine chronic conditions or with

four or more was higher than

would have been expected by

chance (table 1).

The proportion of the

population 60 years of age and

older with two or more of the

nine chronic conditions under

consideration was higher at

each older age and, for each

age group, was higher for

women than for men (figure

Table 1. Proportion of population

observed and expected to have the

specified number of chronic

conditions, and ratio of observed to

expected: United States, 1984

1).

Ratio

of

Number observed

of Obsewedt%pected to

condtiions Dercent oercent exmcted

o. . . . . . . . . 21.2 13.9 1.53

1. . . . . . . . . 30.1 34.7 0.87

2 . . . . . . . . . 25.9 32.3 0.80

3 . . . . . . . . 14.6 14.7 0.99

4 . . . . . . . . . 6.0 3.7 1.62

5 or more. . 2.3 0.6 3.83
4 Advance Data

la 2 chronic conditions

or more

❑ 1 chronic condition

❑ O chronic conditions

60-89 7&79 80 years 60-69 70-79 80 years

years years and over years years and over

Men Women

figure 1. Percent distniution of population 60 years of age and over by

number of chronic condition according to age group and sex

United States, 1964

For those 80 years of age

and older, 70 percent of the

women and 53 percent of the

men had two or more of the

nine conditions. The prevalence

of the eight most commonly

occurring pairs of comorbid

conditions is shown in figure 2.

Prevalence of comorbidity for

a pair of conditions is ve~

much related to the prevalence

of each of the individual

conditions. High blood pressure

and arthritis, the two conditions

with the highest prevalence,

co-occurred in 24.1 percent of

those 60 years of age and older;

cataract and arthritis were both

reported by 11.7 percent. The

remaining six pairs of common

comorbid conditions had

coprevalences of 5–10 percent.

In each case, for the eight most

common pairs of conditions,

there was an increase in

observed comorbidity over

expected comorbidity in people

60 years of age and older

(figure 3). All increases, except

for cataract with high blood

pressure in men, were statistically significant at p <.001 in

analyses that adjusted for the

complex sampling design.

Analyses of specific age groups

show similar relationships.

Relationship of

comorbidity with disability

The percent of men and

women having difficulty or

receiving help with ADL’s,, by

number of chronic conditions,

shown in figure 4. There is a

clear, graded increase in the

proportion with disability of

those with none of the nine

is

conditions to those with five or

more of the conditions. There is

no consistent difference

between men and women

(within each stratum) of number

of conditions. Since age and

gender are related to the

prevalence of comorbidity, data

are presented for three separate

age groups for men and women

(figures 5 and 6; table 2).

Again, within each age group

there is a systematic increase in

the percent with disability in

ADL’s with increasing numbers

of conditions. Looking across

age groups for a specific

number of conditions, there is

also, in general, a graded

increase in disability with

increasing age.

Discussion

Analysis reveals that, using

this list of nine commonly

reported chronic conditions, the

prevalence of comorbidity is

substantial. High rates of

comorbidity are seen for

women, with prevalence rates

rising from 45 percent in the

age group 60-69 years to 70

percent in those 80 years of age

and older.
Advance Data 5

25 I-- 24.1

20

15

10

5

0

High blood Cataract Heart Varicose Diabetes Cataract Heart Diabetes

pressure disease veins disease

With arthritis With high blood pressure

Figure 2. Prevalence of most common comorbid conditions among peopie 60 years of age and oven

United State& 1964

50

40

10

0

In Men

tzl Women

High blood Cataract Heart Varicose Diabetes Cataract Heart Diabetes

pressure disease veins disease

With arthri@ With high blood pressure

People 60 years of age and over

Figure 3. Percent increase in observed over exDeCted freauency of most common comorbid conditions among men

a;d women 60 years of age and over: United St_ate% 1964- -
6 Advance Data

100

80

c

.g

m 60

5

s

‘5

E

8 40

z

CL

20

0

Having difficulty in 1 or more

activities of daily living

Receiving help in 1 or more

activities of daily living

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

o 1 2 3 4 5 or more

Number of chronic conditions

Figure 4. Age-adjusted prevalence of men and women 60 yeara of age and over having difficulty and receMng help in 1

or more actiities of daii living, by number of chronic condtins United State% 1984

100

80

s

2 60

z

z

a

p

40

i?

20

0

❑

Eza

Men 60-69 Men 70-79

years of age years of age

m

Having difficulty in I or more

activities of daily living

Receiving help in 1 or more

activities of daily living

Men 80 years

of age and over

I

0123 4 5or 0123 4 5or 0123

more

4 5 or

more more

Number of chronic conditions

.

Figure 5. Prevalence of men 60 years of age and over having dficulty and receiving help in 1 or more activities of daify

fkkg, by number of chronic con&ons and-age group: Unite: States, _l964 - .
Advance Data 7

100

80

s

o

~ 60

3

z

E

g 4(J

f?

20

0

more more more

Number of chronic conditions

Egure 6. Prevalence of women 60 years of age and over having dfiiulty and receiving help in 1 or more activities of

daily living, by number of chronic conditions and age group: United State% 1964 b

, Table 2. Percent of persons 60 years of age and over receiving help and having

difficulty with 1 or more activities of daily living, by number of chronic

CGnditions, sex, and age: United States, 1984

“—

% Number of conditions

,Sex and age o 1 2 3 4 5 or more

\ Men

Ageadjuste! d. . . . . . . . . . . .

60-69 years ~fage . . . . . . . .

70-79 years of age . . . . . . . .

80 years of ag!g and over . . .

Women

Age adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-69 years of age . . . . . . . .

70-79 years of age . . . . . . . .

80 years of age and over . . .

Men

Ageadjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60+9 years of age . . . . . . . .

70-79 years of age . . . . . . . .

80 years of age and over . . .

Women

Age adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-69 years of age . . . . . . . .

70-79 years of age. . . . . . . . .

80 years of age and over . . .

2.1

1.3

3.2

2.9

2.3

1.4

2.2

6.5

:::

5.2

13.3

5.2

3.0

5.2

14.0

Percent of population receiving help

4.8 8.6 13.4 22.0 23.0

2.9 6.3 10.7 19.1 23.3

3.4 7.7 15.7 22.2 28.5

15.7 20.2 17.0 31.4 49.8

5.7 6.9 12.7 15.7 27.7

3.9 4.2 10.1 12.0 21.0

5.2 7.6 11.1 17.5 28.5

14.4 16.9 27.4 37.5 58.1

Percent of population having difficulty

12.8 20.9 31.3 50.6 52.3

8.9 16.9 30.4 50.4 45.2

12.5 21.1 31.2 48.7 59.9

29.2 36.6 32.7 51.5 87.0

13.7 21.7 32.3 41.4 63.7

10.5 17.0 26.8 33.9 60.6

14.7 22.6 33.3 47.1 58.4

24.4 38.8 52.0 66.9 79.2

For the most commonly

reported pairs of comorbid

conditions, the observed

coprevalence is consistently

higher than the expected

coprevalence. It was anticipated

that high blood pressure and

heart disease would co-occur at

higher rates than expected from

their individual prevalence rates

because hypertension is a

known risk factor for coronary

heart disease. Likewise, high

blood pressure and diabetes

share an underlying risk factor,

overweight, and it was anticipated that they would co-occur

at higher rates than expected

from their independent

distributions. For the other six

pairs of conditions, however,

their rate of co-occurrence,
8 Advance Data

ranging from 15 to 30 percent

higher than expected, was not

anticipated. While this is a

modest increase in observed

versus expected comorbidity, its

impact on the total number of

older Americans with specific

patterns of comorbidity is

substantial. For high blood

pressure with arthritis, for

example, the independent

distributions of these two

conditions would predict that

7.6 million persons 60 years of

age and older were living in the

community with these two

conditions. The estimate from

the SOA is that there were

9.0 million persons with this

pair of conditions, about

1.4 million more than expected.

There are a number of

possible explanations for the

increase in observed versus

expected coprevalence for

conditions not generally

recognized as being associated.

Detection bias would likely

have some effect, as those with

one condition may have more

contacts with the medical care

system and therefore greater

likelihood of being diagnosed

with a second condition.

Individuals’ response patterns

to questionnaires may also play

a role. Those who acknowledge

having one disease may be

more likely to acknowledge

having other diseases.

Finally, there could be an

underlying biological basis for

these findings. In some individuals, genetic and environmental

factors may increase general

susceptibility to disease,

resulting in the occurrence of

multiple diseases in the later

years of life. Assessment of this

hypothesis would require a

study that uses standardized

medical diagnostic procedures

and evaluates risk factors for

general susceptibility, as

evidenced by multiple chronic

conditions.

There was a very clear

association found in these data

between the number of

conditions and the proportion

of people with disability as

assessed by ADL’s. This

association was present even

though no attempt was made to

characterize the severity of the

conditions, and despite the use

of a list of conditions with

potentially very different

impacts on serious disability

(for example, varicose veins and

stroke). While these are

important limitations, the

number of conditions appears

to offer a useful measure of the

burden of illness on the older

individual, as judged by

associated disability.

Suggested citation

GuralnikJM, LaCroix AZ, Everett DF,

Kovar MG. Aging in the eighties: the

prevalence of comorbidity and its

association with disability. Advance

data from vital and health statistics;

no 170. Hyattsville, Maryland:

National Center for Health Stati’~tics.

1989. /

Copyright information ‘~ —

This report may be rewi+d without

further permission. t

1

I

‘U.S. Gwernrml PrintingOlka 1995— 38s-95mcm7
Vital and Health Statistics

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